The Great Lakes, also called the Great Lakes of North America, are a series of large interconnected freshwater lakes in the upper mid-east region of North America that connect to the Atlantic Ocean through the Saint Lawrence River. In general, they are on or near the Canada–United States border. They are lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario. Hydrologically, there are only four lakes, because lakes Michigan and Huron join at the Straits of Mackinac. The Great Lakes Waterway enables travel by water between the lakes. The Great Lakes are the largest group of freshwater lakes on Earth by total area, and second-largest by total volume, containing 21% of the world's surface fresh water by volume.
Introduction
Great Lakes
Great Lakes | Introduction
The upper mid-east region of North America North America In the upper mid-east region of North America. In the upper mid-east region of North America, on or near the Canada–United States border.
what was ss christopher columbus?
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An American excursion liner on the Great Lakes
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where is this lake situated?
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"Columbus" is said to have carried more passengers during her career than any other vessel on the Great Lakes. After a career lasting four decades, she was retired during the Great Depression and scrapped in 1936 by the Manitowoc Shipbuilding Company at Manitowoc, Wisconsin.
SS Christopher Columbus | Introduction
The SS "Christopher Columbus" was an American excursion liner on the Great Lakes, in service between 1893 and 1933. She was the only whaleback ship ever built for passenger service. The ship was designed by Alexander McDougall, the developer and promoter of the whaleback design. "Columbus" was built between 1892 and 1893 at Superior, Wisconsin, by the American Steel Barge Company. Initially, she ferried passengers to and from the World's Columbian Exposition. Later, she provided general transportation and excursion services to various ports around the lakes. At , the ship was the longest whaleback ever built, and reportedly also the largest vessel on the Great Lakes when she was launched.
SS Christopher Columbus | Introduction
The Great Lakes are a collection of large lakes in eastern North America. Great Lakes or Great Lake may also refer to:
Great Lakes (disambiguation) | Introduction
Ship and museum are scheduled to open to the public in Spring 2014.
List of Great Lakes museum and historic ships | SS "Col. James M Schoonmaker" (Toledo, Ohio)
Reportedly, "Christopher Columbus" carried more passengers in her career than any other vessel to have sailed the Great Lakes. The self-powered "Charles W. Wetmore" (1891 – 265 ft) was the first lake vessel to leave the lakes. She took a load of grain from Duluth to Liverpool, England, shooting the St. Lawrence rapids in the process. In Liverpool she inspired the design of turret deck ships, which were similar in some ways to whalebacks. After a stop at New York City, "Charles W. Wetmore" rounded Cape Horn to carry supplies for McDougall’s plan to start a shipyard in Everett, Washington.
Whaleback | Significant vessels
"William G. Mather" was a laker built in 1925 and a former flagship for the Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Company. It is now a maritime museum, open to the public, in Cleveland's North Coast Harbor.
List of Great Lakes museum and historic ships | SS "William G Mather" (Cleveland, Ohio)
Several Native American populations (Paleo-indians) inhabited the region around 10,000 BC, after the end of the Wisconsin glaciation. The peoples of the Great Lakes traded with the Hopewell culture from around 1000 AD, as copper nuggets have been extracted from the region, and fashioned into ornaments and weapons in the mounds of Southern Ohio. The brigantine "Le Griffon", which was commissioned by René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, was built at Cayuga Creek, near the southern end of the Niagara River, and became the first known sailing ship to travel the upper Great Lakes on August 7, 1679. The Rush–Bagot Treaty signed in 1818, after the War of 1812 and the later Treaty of Washington eventually led to a complete disarmament of naval vessels in the Great Lakes.
Great Lakes | History
The "Columbus" was taken out of service in 1933, and changed hands twice during the Great Depression, in 1933 and again in 1934. She was scrapped in 1936 at the Manitowoc Shipbuilding Company in Manitowoc, Wisconsin. SS "Christopher Columbus" carried 1.7–2 million passengers in her first year alone, and is estimated to have carried more passengers than any other vessel on the Great Lakes. She was one of the most photographed passenger ships on the lakes, and souvenir postcards of her are still widely available. One of her anchors, the design of which was patented by McDougall on February 3, 1891, is displayed at the Mariners' Museum in Newport News, Virginia.
SS Christopher Columbus | Disposition
The Great Lakes lie in the center of Kashmir. They are often confused with the Great Lakes of America or Africa.
Great Lakes Kashmir | Introduction
One of the five Great Lakes is partially within Ohio.
List of lakes of Ohio | Great Lakes
Lawrence, Richelieu, Hudson, Mohawk and Susquehanna form an arc of watersheds east to The Atlantic.
Great Lakes region | Introduction
The Great Lakes, also called the Great Lakes of North America, are a series of large interconnected freshwater lakes in the upper mid-east region of North America that connect to the Atlantic Ocean through the Saint Lawrence River. In general, they are on or near the Canada–United States border. They are lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario. Hydrologically, there are only four lakes, because lakes Michigan and Huron join at the Straits of Mackinac. The Great Lakes Waterway enables travel by water between the lakes. The Great Lakes are the largest group of freshwater lakes on Earth by total area, and second-largest by total volume, containing 21% of the world's surface fresh water by volume.
Great Lakes | Introduction
However, in order to bring the vessels from the Great Lakes to the Atlantic they were to pass through Welland Canal connecting Lake Erie to Lake Ontario and from there continue on to Montreal where they would be commissioned and manned by American personnel. This arrangement, however, effectively limited these vessels' length and capacity due to dimensions of the Welland Canal. The ship was part of the order for eighteen vessels placed by the Shipping Board with the American Shipbuilding Co. and was laid down on 3 August 1918 at the builder's shipyard in Lorain and launched on 21 October 1918 (yard number 745).
SS Lake Frampton | Design and construction
The war years not only saw the construction but also the destruction of vessels. During World War I, the "SS Vacuum" (Hull # 99, Ecorse yard) commissioned by Ocean Freight Cargo Ship in 1912 as the "SS Bayamon" was sunk by German torpedo April 28, 1917 near Scotland. The "SS Gratangen" (Hull #156, Ashtabula) commissioned by Corona Coa in 1916 as the SS Corona was sunk by German submarine in 1917. The "P. L. M. No. 4" (Hull #162,Ecorse) commissioned by the French government for the Paris, Lyon and Mediterranean Railway in 1916 was torpedoed and sunk in English Channel on December 27, 1917.
Great Lakes Engineering Works | War
Great Lakes is an American rock and roll band formed in Athens, Georgia, United States, in 1996. The band was formed by Ben Crum, James Huggins, & Dan Donahue. Great Lakes were among the second wave of bands included in The Elephant Six Collective.
Great Lakes (band) | Introduction
By well-established trade and military routes across the Great Lakes, the British continued to supply not only their own troops but a wide alliance of Native American nations through Detroit, Fort Niagara, Fort Michilimackinac, and so on, until these posts were turned over to the United States following the Jay Treaty (1794).
Great Lakes region | European Exploration and Early Settlement
Similarly, "E.M. Ford", built in 1898 as "Presque Isle", was sailing the lakes 98 years later in 1996. As of 2007 "E.M. Ford" was still afloat as a stationary transfer vessel at a riverside cement silo in Saginaw, Michigan.
Ship | Great Lakes
"Col. James M. Schoonmaker" sailed from 1911 to 1980. She was first owned by the Shenango Furnace Company under her present name and was sold to the Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Company, which renamed her "Willis B Boyer". "Col. James M. Schoonmaker" was the largest bulk freighter in the world when commissioned. In an ambitious restoration, "Col James M. Schoonmaker" was re-christened with its original name July 1, 2011, on the 100th anniversary of the ship's launching in Toledo, Ohio. In October 2012, she was moved with great fanfare from her longtime berth at International Park in Toledo downriver to a site next to the new home of the National Museum of the Great Lakes.
List of Great Lakes museum and historic ships | SS "Col. James M Schoonmaker" (Toledo, Ohio)
is a former Boblo Island excursion boat, built in 1902, which has been in storage since 1991. A New York City group intends to save "Columbia" and use it on the Hudson River, like the old Hudson day steamers (all of which have been lost).
List of Great Lakes museum and historic ships | SS "Columbia" (Detroit, Michigan)
Lake Erie is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. Lake Erie may also refer to:
Lake Erie (disambiguation) | Introduction
The term "Nipissing Great Lakes" is applied to the waters of the upper three Great Lakes during the stage. The glacier had receded completely from the Great Lakes Basin. The plural form is used to denote that each basin was a separate unit, with a narrow strait connecting each. Each basin stood at the same elevation and thus appear as a single body of water. Lake Michigan connected to Lake Huron by the Mackinac strait, except the water was higher. There was also a narrower, shallower channel Little Traverse Bay to Huron basin. The outlet of the lakes, however, was eastward from the northeast angle of Georgian Bay.
Nipissing Great Lakes | Location and area
Nipissing Great Lakes was a prehistoric proglacial lake. Parts of the former lake are now Lake Superior, Lake Huron, Georgian Bay and Lake Michigan. It formed about 7,500 years before present (YBP). The lake occupied the depression left by the Labradorian Glacier. This body of water drained eastward from Georgian Bay to the Ottawa valley. This was a period of isostatic rebound raising the outlet over time, until it opened the outlet through the St. Clair valley.
Nipissing Great Lakes | Introduction
The Great Lakes region of North America is a bi-national Canadian–American region that includes portions of the eight U.S. states of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin as well as the Canadian province of Ontario. Quebec is at times included as part of the region because, although it is not in a Great Lake watershed, it is in the St. Lawrence watershed which is part of a continuous hydrologic system that includes the Great Lakes and eventually discharges into the Atlantic Ocean. The region centers on the Great Lakes and forms a distinctive historical, economic, and cultural identity.
Great Lakes region | Introduction
was named for the president of U.S. Steel at the time of its launching. It was the first laker with a welded design, and served as the flagship of US Steel's Great Lakes fleet from her launch in 1938 until 1975. It is open for tours at the Great Lakes Floating Maritime Museum in Duluth.
List of Great Lakes museum and historic ships | SS "William A Irvin" (Duluth, Minnesota)
The retreat of the ice sheet left behind a large amount of meltwater (see Lake Algonquin, Lake Chicago, Glacial Lake Iroquois, and Champlain Sea) that filled up the basins that the glaciers had carved, thus creating the Great Lakes as we know them today. Because of the uneven nature of glacier erosion, some higher hills became Great Lakes islands. The Niagara Escarpment follows the contour of the Great Lakes between New York and Wisconsin. Land below the glaciers "rebounded" as it was uncovered. Since the glaciers covered some areas longer than others, this glacial rebound occurred at different rates. A notable modern phenomenon is the formation of ice volcanoes over the lakes during wintertime.
Great Lakes | Geology
The lake is located in an eponymous basin, formed by a tributary of the Draugletscher that is itself tracing out a tectonic fault. The lake was much larger in the past than it is today, as evidenced by the extensive marshland to the east and north of the lake. The lake has an oblong-oval shape. To the west lies a bay, into which the tributaries flow. To the east is a narrow peninsula, which extends about into the lake. In the middle of the lake there is a shoal where the water is only deep, but nearby the lake reaches its maximum depth of .
Keutschacher See | Geography
The Great Lakes freighter SS "Scotiadoc was a long, wide, and deep, dry bulk freighter of typical construction style for the early 1900s, primarily designed for the iron ore, coal, and grain trades on the Great Lakes. Commissioned by the Lakewood Steamship Co. of Cleveland, Ohio, SS "Martin Mullen was launched as hull number 422 by American Ship Building Co. of Columbus.
SS Scotiadoc | Introduction
The Great Lakes Basin consists of the Great Lakes and the surrounding lands of the states of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin in the United States, and the province of Ontario in Canada, whose direct surface runoff and watersheds form a large drainage basin that feeds into the lakes. It is generally considered to also include a small area around and beyond Wolfe Island, Ontario, at the east end of Lake Ontario, which does not directly drain into the Great Lakes, but into the Saint Lawrence River. The Basin is at the center of the Great Lakes region.
Great Lakes Basin | Introduction
The National Museum of the Great Lakes is a museum in the Toledo Maritime Center, a heritage location on the banks of the Maumee River on the east side of Toledo, Ohio. Operated by the Great Lakes Historical Society, it celebrates the natural and built heritage of the North American Great Lakes from a U.S. perspective. The museum is most noted as the docking location of a museum Lake freighter, the SS "Col. James M. Schoonmaker".
National Museum of the Great Lakes | Introduction
James M. Schoonmaker" and being moved one last time to the site of the National Museum of the Great Lakes on the banks of the Maumee River in Toledo.
Col. James M. Schoonmaker | History
The lakes are a system of transport and shipping, as well as a place of recreation.
Great Lakes Areas of Concern | Introduction
The 1925-built Steamship "Mather" is a restored 618-foot historic Great Lakes freighter. The flagship has huge cargo holds, brass and oak pilot house, guest quarters, and four-story engine room. There is a separate admission fee. Commonly referred to as "The Ship That Built Cleveland".
Great Lakes Science Center | Steamship "William G. Mather"
It has been estimated that the foundational geology that created the conditions shaping the present day upper Great Lakes was laid from 1.1 to 1.2 billion years ago, when two previously fused tectonic plates split apart and created the Midcontinent Rift, which crossed the Great Lakes Tectonic Zone. A valley was formed providing a basin that eventually became modern day Lake Superior. When a second fault line, the Saint Lawrence rift, formed approximately 570 million years ago, the basis for Lakes Ontario and Erie were created, along with what would become the Saint Lawrence River. The Great Lakes are estimated to have been formed at the end of the last glacial period (the Wisconsin glaciation ended 10,000 to 12,000 years ago), when the Laurentide Ice Sheet receded.
Great Lakes | Geology
The Erie Canal connects to the Great Lakes at the east end of Lake Erie (at Buffalo, New York) and at the south side of Lake Ontario (at Oswego, New York).
Great Lakes | Shipping connection to the ocean
SS "Isaac M. Scott" was an American Great Lakes freighter that sank during the Great Lakes Storm of 1913 in Lake Huron, northeast of Thunder Bay Island (), while she was traveling from Cleveland, Ohio, United States to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States with a cargo of coal.
SS Isaac M. Scott | Introduction
The "Lakeland" (official number 126420) was built in 1887 in Cleveland, Ohio, by the Globe Iron Works Company as the first generation steel Great Lakes freighter "Cambria". She was originally built for the Mutual Transportation Company which was controlled by the Federal Steel Company that was owned by Elbert H. Gary. She had an overall length of , which made her the first 300-foot vessel on the lakes; she also had a length of between her perpendiculars, her beam was wide and her cargo hold was deep. She was powered by a 1,200 horsepower triple expansion steam engine which was fueled by two coal burning Scotch marine boilers.
SS Lakeland | History
The effort to repatriate "The Kee" bore fruit on June 23, 2012 (100 years to the day after she first entered Port McNicoll), when the ship returned to her former berth before a crowd of thousands.
List of Great Lakes museum and historic ships | SS "Keewatin" (Port McNicoll, Ontario)
After the Spanish–American War, the U.S. Navy began investigating 37 sites around Lake Michigan in order to locate a new training center in the Midwest, an area that contributed 43 percent of the Navy’s recruits at the time. Illinois Congressional Representative and chairman of the Committee on Naval Affairs (1900–1911) George Edmund Foss pressed for the decision to locate the center at its present location and was later called "The Father of Great Lakes". Foss Park, just north of the base in North Chicago, is named in his honor. It is likely the facility would have been located elsewhere had it not been for the $175,000 contribution of the Merchants Club of Chicago to purchase the land.
Recruit Training Command, Great Lakes, Illinois | History
Ever since the 1924 sinking, the wreck was considered an ultimate goal for wreck hunters, partly because of its confounding disappearance, and partly because it was the only remaining whaleback to have sunk in Lake Huron and not be found. Exacerbating the problem was the sheer size of Lake Huron and potential ship gravesites. The lake has about with over on the United States side. The data on potential sites was obscure and very oblique, leaving widely scattered possibilities. David Trotter, a shipwreck author, discoverer, deep diver, and maritime archeologist, told the press that the lost vessel had been on his "bucket list", ranking close to #1 among non-found Great Lakes shipwrecks.
SS Clifton | Discovery
Finally, it fades away with the thinning out of the limestone and is hardly traceable across the Mississippi River.
Great Lakes region | Geography
Map of the North American Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence Seaway from 1959, depicting the entire length beginning at the Gulf of Saint Lawrence in the east to the western-most terminus at Lake Superior.
Great Lakes Waterway | Map
In early August 2007 members of the Great Lakes Shipwreck Historical Society were using side-scan sonar to search for wrecks off Deer Park when they detected a large object on the bottom of Lake Superior. According to their best guess, it was the SS "D.M. Clemson", which sank in that area with all hands on 1 December 1908. A follow-up visit to the vessel with a submersible ROV was made on 18 August 2007. Attempts to identify the vessel as "D.M. Clemson" were frustrated when the ship’s name was not on the bow in the place where searchers expected to find it.
SS Cyprus | Rediscovery
"Col. James M. Schoonmaker" is a former Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Company vessel that sailed from 1911 to 1980. She was originally owned by the Shenango Furnace Company, but renamed the "Willis B. Boyer" under Cleveland Cliffs ownership. "Col. James M. Schoonmaker" was the largest bulk freighter in the world when commissioned. In one of the most ambitious Great Lakes ship restorations to date, "Col. James M. Schoonmaker" was re-christened July 1, 2011, on the 100th anniversary of the ship's launching in Toledo. She was open to the public for many years as a museum at International Park in Toledo, Ohio but was moved October 27, 2012, to a location downriver, next to the new home of the National Museum of the Great Lakes.
Lake freighter | Toledo, Ohio
A portion of the region also encompasses the Great Lakes Megalopolis. Participating state and provincial governments are represented in the Conference of Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Governors and Premiers, which also serves as the Secretariat to the Great Lakes St. Lawrence Compact and the Great Lakes–Saint Lawrence River Basin Sustainable Water Resources Agreement. The Great Lakes region takes its name from the corresponding geological formation of the Great Lakes Basin, a narrow watershed encompassing The Great Lakes, bounded by watersheds to the region's north (Hudson Bay), west (Mississippi), east and south (Ohio). To the east, the rivers of St.
Great Lakes region | Introduction
Former Canadian Coast Guard icebreaker resides at the Marine Museum of the Great Lakes as a display and a bed-and-breakfast. Launched in 1958, she and the former USCGC "Mackinaw" serve as the Great Lakes' two surviving large red-hulled icebreakers.
List of Great Lakes museum and historic ships | CCG "Alexander Henry" (Kingston, Ontario)
The Great Lakes BG was an American carrier-based dive bomber of the 1930s. Designed and built by the Great Lakes Aircraft Company of Cleveland, Ohio, 61 were used by the United States Navy and United States Marine Corps from 1934 to 1940.
Great Lakes BG | Introduction
The tour follows SR 531 east along the lake between Geneva and Conneaut, where it returns along US 20 east to the state line.
Great Lakes Circle Tour | Ohio
Another attraction was a floating stage on the current site of the Great Lakes Science Center; the stage was home to jazz concerts by the Bob Crosby Orchestra.
Great Lakes Exposition | Other
The Great Lakes Group (GLG) is an American full-service marine-related transportation company headquartered in Cleveland, Ohio. The Great Lakes Group is the parent Company to The Great Lakes Towing Company, Great Lakes Shipyard, Tugz International L.L.C., Puerto Rico Towing & Barge Co., Soo Linehandling Services, Admiral Towing and Barge Company, and Wind Logistics, Inc.
The Great Lakes Group | Introduction
This is a list of shipwrecks on the Great Lakes of North America that are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The locations of National Register properties for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in an online map. This list includes shipwrecks that are located in the waters of Lake Superior, Lake Huron, Lake Michigan, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. "This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted October 9, 2020.
List of Great Lakes shipwrecks on the National Register of Historic Places | Introduction
Lake Whittlesey was a proglacial lake that was an ancestor of present-day Lake Erie. It formed about 14,000 years ago. As the Erie Lobe of the Wisconsin Glacier retreated at the end of the last ice age, it left melt-water in a previously-existing depression area that was the valley of an eastward-flowing river known as the Erigan River that probably emptied into the Atlantic Ocean following the route of today's Saint Lawrence River. The lake stood at to above sea level. The remanent beach is not horizontal as there is a ‘hinge line’ southwest of a line from Ashtabula, Ohio, through the middle part of Lake St.
Lake Whittlesey | Introduction
Noticing that neither ship could make headway against the mounting waves, combined with the risk of both ships foundering if they stayed together, "James H. Martin"'s captain decided to guide "Plymouth" to the safest waters he could find. This place appeared to be at Gull Island in St. Martin’s Passage near St. Martins Island at the mouth of Green Bay. When both ships reached the location, the tugs captain cut the towing line and headed into open water to seek shelter at Point Detour away. "Plymouth" stayed behind and dropped her anchor intending to sit out the storm along with everyone onboard until the tug returned.
SS Plymouth | Great Lakes Storm of 1913 and sinking
Though the five lakes lie in separate basins, they form a single, naturally interconnected body of fresh water, within the Great Lakes Basin. As a chain of lakes and rivers they connect the east-central interior of North America to the Atlantic Ocean. From the interior to the outlet at the Saint Lawrence River, water flows from Superior to Huron and Michigan, southward to Erie, and finally northward to Lake Ontario. The lakes drain a large watershed via many rivers, and are studded with approximately 35,000 islands. There are also several thousand smaller lakes, often called "inland lakes", within the basin.
Great Lakes | Geography
The surface area of the five primary lakes combined is roughly equal to the size of the United Kingdom, while the surface area of the entire basin (the lakes and the land they drain) is about the size of the UK and France combined. Lake Michigan is the only one of the Great Lakes that is entirely within the United States; the others form a water boundary between the United States and Canada. The lakes are divided among the jurisdictions of the Canadian province of Ontario and the U.S. states of Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York.
Great Lakes | Geography
This corresponds to thinking of lakes Erie and Ontario as "down south" and the others as "up north". Vessels sailing north on Lake Michigan are considered "upbound" even though they are sailing toward its effluent current.
Great Lakes | Bathymetry
Col. James M. Schoonmaker, formerly Willis B. Boyer, is a lake freighter that served as a commercial vessel on the Great Lakes for much of the 20th Century. Named for Medal of Honor recipient James Martinus Schoonmaker, it is currently a museum ship in Toledo, Ohio.
Col. James M. Schoonmaker | Introduction
This is a list of cities on the Great Lakes of the United States and Canada, arranged by the body of water on which they are located. Cities with more than 100,000 population are in bold, major cities are italicized.
List of cities on the Great Lakes | Introduction
S72 HMCS Ojibwa S72 was an Oberon-class submarine, laid down as HMS Onyx at Chatham Dockyard in Chatham, Kent, UK. It was purchased by Canada in 1962 and commissioned into the Canadian navy in 1965, served primarily in the Maritime Forces Atlantic until its decommissioning in 1998.
List of Great Lakes museum and historic ships | HMCS Ojibwa "S72" (Port Burwell, Ontario)
Lake Superior is the largest of the North America Great Lakes. Lake Superior may also refer to:
Lake Superior (disambiguation) | Introduction
The Lake Erie Circle Tour (LECT) loops around Lake Erie following state and provincial highways. These highways are usually the closest to the lake. The LECT follows state highways in the US states of New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Michigan and provincial highways in the Canadian province of Ontario.
Great Lakes Circle Tour | Lake Erie Circle Tour
It is the sole Great Lake wholly within the borders of the United States; the others are shared with Canada. It lies in the region known as the American Midwest.
Lake Michigan | Geography
As the surfaces of Lakes Superior, Huron, Michigan, and Erie are all approximately the same elevation above sea level, while Lake Ontario is significantly lower, and because the Niagara Escarpment precludes all natural navigation, the four upper lakes are commonly called the "upper great lakes". This designation is not universal. Those living on the shore of Lake Superior often refer to all the other lakes as "the lower lakes", because they are farther south. Sailors of bulk freighters transferring cargoes from Lake Superior and northern Lake Michigan and Lake Huron to ports on Lake Erie or Ontario commonly refer to the latter as the lower lakes and Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Superior as the upper lakes.
Great Lakes | Bathymetry
The was captured during World War II, allowing the Allies to capture its code books and the German Enigma code machine. Slated for sinking after the war for gunnery practice, the sub was instead donated to Chicago's Museum of Science and Industry. It was later moved inside to a climate-controlled environment (undergoing an extensive restoration), and was re-opened to the public in 2005.
List of Great Lakes museum and historic ships | U-boat "U-505" (Chicago, Illinois)
There is disagreement as to whether the Canadian-built (), launched on 7 September 1816, at Ernestown, Ontario or the US-built "Ontario" (), launched in the spring of 1817 at Sacketts Harbor, New York, was the first steamboat on the Great Lakes. While "Frontenac" was launched first, "Ontario" began active service first. The first steamboat on the upper Great Lakes was the passenger-carrying "Walk-In-The-Water", built in 1818 to navigate Lake Erie. In the years between 1809 and 1837 just over 100 steamboats were launched by Upper and Lower Canadians for the St. Lawrence River and Great Lakes trade, of which ten operated on Lake Ontario.
Upper Canada | Lake traffic: steamships
SS "Ohio" was a wooden hulled Great Lakes freighter that served on the Great Lakes of North America from her construction in 1875, to her sinking in September 1894 when she collided with the schooner barge "Ironton" which also sank in the collision. "Ironton" was being towed by the steamer "Charles J. Kershaw", which was also towing the schooner "Moonlight". "Ohio" was found upright in 2017, over 122 years after her sinking in over 200 feet of water off Presque Isle, Michigan. "Ironton" is still missing. The researchers who discovered "Ohio" plan to nominate her for a listing in the National Register of Historic Places.
SS Ohio (1875) | Introduction
The World War II was named for five brothers killed in the line of duty. It earned nine battle stars in World War II and two for Korean War service. It resides at the Buffalo Naval and Military Park.
List of Great Lakes museum and historic ships | USS " The Sullivans" (Buffalo)
Great for 'em!"
Great Lakes passenger steamers | Resort traffic
Located ashore at the head of the St Clair River in Port Huron, it is the Great Lakes' one surviving lightvessel.
List of Great Lakes museum and historic ships | Port Huron Lightship
The destroyer is one of two surviving Canadian World War II warships.
List of Great Lakes museum and historic ships | HMCS "Haida" (Hamilton, Ontario)
The vessel's wreck was discovered on the bed of Lake Huron by technical divers in September 2016, with the discovery confirmed by further dives and research in 2017. When the lost vessel was rediscovered, it was found that a poetic folk ballad, written before 1932 by an Irish-American neighbor of the lost captain, contained a relatively accurate description of the ship's foundering.
SS Clifton | Introduction
Canada China United States
Grand Lake | Lakes
"Georgian Queen" is a former Canadian Coast Guard icebreaking cutter which has been converted into a tour boat.
List of Great Lakes museum and historic ships | MS "Georgian Queen" (Penetanguishene, Ontario)
The World War II submarine was brought to Cleveland in 1976. It is a National Historic Landmark and a memorial to the 3,900 submariners lost in their nation's service during the century of the US Navy's Submarine Force. It was awarded seven battle stars for its wartime service.
List of Great Lakes museum and historic ships | USS "Cod" (Cleveland, Ohio)
The William H. Donner was an American Great Lakes freighter that was built in 1914 by the Great Lakes Engineering Works of Ashtabula, Ohio for service on the Great Lakes of North America. She was used to transport bulk cargoes such as iron ore, coal, grain and occasionally limestone. She operated from 1914 as a bulk carrier to 1970 when she was converted to a floating crane that remained in service until 2016.
SS William H. Donner | Introduction
The SS "James Carruthers" was a Canadian Great Lakes freighter built in 1913. The ship was owned by the St. Lawrence & Chicago Steam and Navigation Company of Toronto, Ontario, with the official registry number 131090. The "Carruthers" was lost 9 November 1913 on Lake Huron during the Great Lakes Storm of 1913. The crew of 22 perished with the vessel.
SS James Carruthers | Introduction
It was September 1811 and Jacob Butler was headed to Sandusky, Ohio as the new Indian Agent. When he arrived in Buffalo, he found it to be a small town of 40-50 houses and little activity. There were but a few ships in the harbor. The "Catherine" was a new schooner that had set sail the day before, but was now anchored nine miles up the Canadian shore at Point Ebenew. As it had set sail, it encountered a west forcing it to seek shelter. Seeing an opportunity to avoid the long trip around the lake, he crossed the Niagara River and with the help of a guide came upon the ship at anchor after two hours.
List of storms on the Great Lakes | Lake Erie Gale (1811)
Lake Warren was about half the size of the present day Lake Erie, lying in the southern half of the basin.
Lake Warren | Size
"All references are to the Geographical Names Data Base from Natural Resources Canada."
List of lakes of Ontario: C | References
SS "Clifton", originally "Samuel Mather", was a whaleback lake freighter built in 1892 for service on the Great Lakes. She was long, beam, and depth, and had a 3,500 ton capacity. The self-propelled barge was built by the American Steel Barge Company in West Superior, Wisconsin. Her builders used a design well-suited to carry iron ore, her intended trade. The new vessel was christened "Samuel Mather", after a cofounder of Pickands Mather and Company, which at the time was the second largest fleet on the Great Lakes. After 31 years of service as an ore boat, the vessel was superannuated out of iron ore and was refitted as a carrier of stone aggregate.
SS Clifton | Introduction
Throughout its corporate history, The Great Lakes Towing Company has always operated a Cleveland Shipyard. Originally located on jefferson Road in the Flats until the Great Cuyahoga River fire in 1952 when it moved to the present site in the Old River Bed, the Shipyard constructed many of its tugs and repaired all of the Towing Company's tugs and barges throughout its history. Great Lakes Shipyard is located in the Old River Channel on the Cuyahoga River in Cleveland, Ohio. In 2007, the Shipyard began new construction of tugboats. On July 29, 2011, the Shipyard debuted its new Mobile Vessel Hoist, named "America" after one of the company's original tugboats.
The Great Lakes Group | Great Lakes Shipyard (GLS)
In 1761 he exchanged into the 15th Foot in order to stay in the area. This contact with the Great Lakes attracted Sinclair and he was able to change his commission to serve on the lakes. He started out commanding ships on Lake Ontario but, in 1764, he was moved to the upper Great Lakes where he served until 1767. In 1767, he was removed from active service at Fort Sinclair, which he had built in 1764 under orders from Colonel John Bradstreet.
Patrick Sinclair | Biography
The first of these "package and passenger freighters", "Hercules", was built in Buffalo in 1843. "Hercules" displayed all the features that defined the type, a screw propelled the vessel, passengers were accommodated in staterooms on the upper deck, and package freight below on the large main deck and in the holds. Engines developed as well. Compound engines, in which steam was expanded twice for greater efficiency, were first used on the Great Lakes in 1869. Triple-expansion engines, for even greater efficiency, were introduced in 1887 and quadruple-expansion engines, the ultimate type of reciprocating engine for speed, power and efficiency, appeared on the lakes in 1894.
Great Lakes passenger steamers | History
The largest lakes (surface area) by continent are:
Lake | Largest by continent
The entire regions adjacent to the Great Lakes lacked waterway access to the Ohio River for shipment of their products. Ohio had a rather extensive network of canals under construction by this time, to provide such access, but their waters also froze in winter. The Mad River and Lake Erie Railroad was projected to run from Sandusky on Lake Erie south to a proposed interchange at Springfield, where trains could be shifted to the Little Miami to proceed to Cincinnati. This would provide the Great Lakes region and its products with year-round access to the rest of the nation, as access to any of the ships then sailing on the Great Lakes meant access to the proposed railroad link to the Ohio River.
Little Miami Railroad | History
At the start of 1917, just prior to the United States entry to World War I, Great Lakes was under the command of Captain William A. Moffett and had 39 permanent brick buildings, over , and about 1,500 Sailors. At the close of the war, there were 776 buildings, with and about 45,000 Sailors in training; 125,000 had been trained at Great Lakes during the war.
Naval Station Great Lakes | World War I
Hodge retained the presidency until his death. They turned out 125 engines between 1884 and 1899. They built the first triple expansion engine to be used on the Great Lakes. It was placed in the "Roumania" on October 2, 1886. Here also was built the engine for Capt. Hoyt, the first of Capt. Alexander Mc Dougall's whaleback steamers built at West Superior. The engine in the whaleback steamer, Westmore, which attracted much attention in Liverpool when she crossed the Atlantic, was a product of these shops. The great whaleback excursion steamer Christopher Columbus, employed at the World's Fair, received her engine from Samuel F.
Samuel F. Hodge &amp; Company | Introduction
USS "Lake Erie" may refer to: See also
USS Lake Erie | Introduction
In particular ships built on the Great Lakes, where size was determined by locks, were suitable with the requirement being met by ships generally termed "Lakers" or "Lake-Type Vessels" whether or not the ships were actual Lake vessels; though the majority delivered had been built and operated there. "Grey Lag", though definitely not of Great Lakes origin, was one of the "Lakers" delivered under the request.
SS Registan (1910) | World War II
The side-wheel steam ferry (1910), reactivated in 1976, calls Toronto home. Several vintage 1930s screw ferries serve alongside her.
List of Great Lakes museum and historic ships | "Trillium" (Toronto, Ontario)
was a typical oreboat, who served the National Steel Corporation, Republic Steel Corporation and Wilson Transit Co. during her 1917–1966 working life. In 1968, she became a museum ship on the waterfront of Sault Ste. Marie, downstream of the Soo Locks. She holds many relics from (including two of "Edmund Fitzgerald"s mauled lifeboats).
List of Great Lakes museum and historic ships | SS "Valley Camp" (Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan)
Lawrence River: "The Great Lakes are essentially a Canadian pond... Canadians have captured 95 percent of the business. Now we want our chance to try our wings on the oceans."
Canada Steamship Lines | Paul Martin becomes president
Nonetheless, both nations maintain coast guard vessels in the Great Lakes. During settlement, the Great Lakes and its rivers were the only practical means of moving people and freight. Barges from middle North America were able to reach the Atlantic Ocean from the Great Lakes when the Welland canal opened in 1824 and the later Erie Canal opened in 1825. By 1848, with the opening of the Illinois and Michigan Canal at Chicago, direct access to the Mississippi River was possible from the lakes. With these two canals an all-inland water route was provided between New York City and New Orleans.
Great Lakes | History
As the Superior lobe of the Laurentian Ice Sheet melted, water became trapped along the ice margin and formed several independent lakes. The modern water basins in which these lakes stood have been used for their names. Lake Nemadji occupied the headwaters of the Nemadji River, Lake Brule occupied part of the Brule River basin, and Lake Ontonagon was in the Ontonagon River basin. These lakes are all west of the Keweenaw Peninsula. To the east, the ice melt drained into Green Bay or Lake Michigan through channels crossing the western part of the upper peninsula of Michigan. Lake Duluth extended a few miles farther east than the Keweenaw Peninsula, to the border of the Huron Mountains, east of Keweenaw Bay.
Lake Duluth | Predecessor lakes
Over the next 25 years, freighters based on the "Hackett"'s design (now called Great Lakes freighters) became the most common type of ship found on the Great Lakes. Over the next 100 years, the design of the "Hackett" was the basis for nearly every bulk freighter built for use on the inland waterways of North America. Even as construction shifted to iron and steel hulls in the 1880s, the basic design of the "Hackett" was still followed.
SS R.J. Hackett | Significance of the "Hackett"
This is a list of lakes of Ontario beginning with the letter C.
List of lakes of Ontario: C | Introduction
In 2008, an attempt was made to preserve the structure that was described as a "Cathedral of the Cold War".
Naval Station Great Lakes | 1946 to 1960
SS "Florida" was a wooden hulled Great Lakes freighter that served on the Great Lakes of North America from her construction in 1889, to her sinking in May 1897 when she collided with the larger wooden hulled freighter "George W. Roby". Her wreck was located by Ed Ellison in July 1994, in of water almost completely intact, save for her stern.
SS Florida | Introduction
Historic photos of the Lakeland
SS Lakeland | External links
Sources disagree as to which was the first steamboat on the Great Lakes. Some say it was the Canadian-built (), launched on September 7, 1816, at Ernestown, Ontario (about from Kingston). Others say it was the U.S.-built "Ontario" (), launched in the spring of 1817 at Sacketts Harbor, New York. The debate stems from "Frontenac" was launching first, but "Ontario" beginning active service first. "Ontario" began its regular service in April 1817, and "Frontenac" made its first trip to the head of the lake on June 5. The first steamboat on the upper Great Lakes was the passenger-carrying , built in 1818 to navigate Lake Erie.
Great Lakes passenger steamers | History
A Cold-War-era cruiser, is one of three cruisers preserved as museum ships in the US. It resides at the Buffalo Naval and Military Park.
List of Great Lakes museum and historic ships | USS "Little Rock" (Buffalo)