Since 1999, Indonesia has had a multi-party system. In all legislative elections since the fall of the New Order, no political party has managed to win an overall majority of seats. The Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), which secured the most votes in the 2019 elections, is the party of the incumbent president, Joko Widodo. Other notable parties include the Party of the Functional Groups ("Golkar"), the Great Indonesia Movement Party ("Gerindra"), the Democratic Party, and the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS). The 2019 elections resulted in nine political parties in the DPR, with a parliamentary threshold of 4% of the national vote.
Parties and elections
Indonesia
Indonesia | Parties and elections
The Democratic Party, Great Indonesia Movement Party , Party of the Functional Groups, Prosperous Justice Party to name a few. The Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), Party of the Functional Groups ("Golkar"),the Great Indonesia Movement Party ("Gerindra"), the Democratic Party, and the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS). Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle,  Party of the Functional Groups, the Great Indonesia Movement Party, among others. The Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), Party of the Functional Groups ("Golkar"), the Great Indonesia Movement Party ("Gerindra"), the Democratic Party, and the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS).
what are the major global wind systems on earth
user
polar easterlies, westerlies to name a few.
assistant
what is the first one about?
user
are the dry, cold prevailing winds that blow from the high-pressure areas towards the low-pressure areas.
assistant
how does it effect the precipitation?
user
Orographic precipitation occurs on the windward side of mountains and is caused by the rising air motion of a large-scale flow of moist air across the mountain ridge, resulting in adiabatic cooling and condensation.
assistant
are there any trade that depend on this?
user
Yes, The trade winds.
assistant
what does it mean?
user
They are the prevailing pattern of easterly surface winds found in the tropics near the Earth's equator.
assistant
what is the length of the last thing mentioned?
user
The equator is 0.16% longer than a meridian.
assistant
where is it located?
user
The precise location of the equator is not truly fixed; the true equatorial plane is perpendicular to the Earth's rotation axis, which drifts about during a year.
assistant
which all countries does it pass through?
user
The equator passes through the land of 11 countries. Indonesia straddling the greatest length of the equatorial line.
assistant
how did this country mentioned get the name?
user
Derives from Greek and the word meaning "Indian islands".
assistant
can you name a few political parties that can be found here?
user
Most of the parties failed to gain even a single seat due to lack of votes. After the new electoral law authorise the use of parliamentary threshold to determine division of DPR seats, those parties were forced to reorganise itself in order to be able to register for the next 2004 election.
List of political parties in Indonesia | Parties participating only in 1999 elections
Since 1999, Indonesia has had a multi-party system. In all legislative elections since the fall of the New Order, no political party has managed to win an overall majority of seats. The Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), which secured the most votes in the 2019 elections, is the party of the incumbent president, Joko Widodo. Other notable parties include the Party of the Functional Groups ("Golkar"), the Great Indonesia Movement Party ("Gerindra"), the Democratic Party, and the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS). The 2019 elections resulted in nine political parties in the DPR, with a parliamentary threshold of 4% of the national vote.
Indonesia | Parties and elections
Following political liberalisation after the collapse of the New Order regime in 1998 Reformasi, registration for new political parties jumped significantly. As the result, the following 1999 election had 48 political parties competing for DPR seats, compared to the previous 1997 election that saw only 2 political parties plus Golkar. Several parties claimed inheritance from former political parties existed prior to the New Order era, resulting in parties sharing similar political party name, with faction names as the only characteristics that made those parties distinct from each other. Example on this case was on claimants of former Indonesian National Party (PNI) and Masyumi Party.
List of political parties in Indonesia | Parties participating only in 1999 elections
After his rise into power, President Soeharto showed his discontent to multiple political parties, arguing that the failure of Konstituante in 1955-1959 was caused by political party deadlock, and it should not be repeated in his regime. He further proposed existing political parties to unite based on their ideological essence – either spiritual (religious party) or materialist (nationalist party). Political parties reaction to calls of Suharto was generally positive, with Islamic parties claimed that party fusion was in line with their last National Islamic Congress resolution agreed in 1969, and a party alliance of "Democratic Development Group" was formed by PNI, IPKI, Parkindo, Murba Party, dan Catholic Party to compete in 1971 election.
List of political parties in Indonesia | Political parties of the <a href="New%20Order%20%28Indonesia%29">New Order</a>
These political parties have no representation in either national or regional parliaments. The term ""partai gurem"" (minor party) is commonly used by Indonesian media to refer to these political parties. The term is initially referred to political parties that won a very small number of parliamentary seat and after the 2004 election, to political parties that have no chance to surpass parliamentary threshold to gain representation on the People's Representative Council. These political parties are often perceived to be lacking in organisational structure and their founder is only interested in attracting media attention. These parties often had their registration to participate in elections declined by the General Elections Commission (KPU) due to party failure to satisfy registration criteria set by the commission, which includes completeness of party document, location of party permanent offices, minimum membership and minimum percentage of woman members.
List of political parties in Indonesia | Extra-parliamentary parties
The party won 7.5% share of votes and won 57 out of 560 seats in the People's Representative Council in the 2004 legislative election and finished in fifth place overall.
Democratic Party (Indonesia) | 2004 legislative election
However, in the 1971 elections, the last it contested before being merged into the Indonesian Democratic Party, it gained only 1.34% of the vote.
Indonesian Christian Party | Introduction
Parties that had their registration rejected often resorted to appealing their rejection to the Electoral Oversight Committee (Indonesian: "Badan Pengawas Pemilihan Umum"), with varied success.
List of political parties in Indonesia | Extra-parliamentary parties
After the failure in 1999 election, the party changed its name to Social Democrat Labour Party (). The party stood in the 2004 Indonesian legislative election, but won only 0.6 percent of the vote and no legislative seats. Party chairman However, the party has 12 representatives in provincial assemblies. The party subsequently changed its name to the Labour Party. After initially failing to qualify, following a lawsuit the party won the right to contest the 2009 elections. However, the party won only 0.25 percent of the vote, less than the 2.5 percent electoral threshold, meaning it was awarded no seats in the People's Representative Council.
Labour Party (Indonesia, 1998) | Introduction
During the first phases of registration, 150 parties were registered with the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights. However, this number was reduced to 50 and then 24 after scrutiny from the newly created General Election Commission. This reduction from the 48 parties that stood in the 1999 legislative election was attributed mainly to a new election law that allowed only parties that had won 2% of seats in the DPR, or 3% of seats in provincial and regental legislatures in half of the provinces to stand in the 2004 election. Only six parties met this requirement, and the remaining parties were required to merge or reorganise into a new party.
2004 Indonesian legislative election | Electoral campaign
After 1971 election, New Order regime reiterates its call for political parties to fuse, and a MPR ordinance regulating political parties grouping issued in 1973 further pressured political parties to merge. All Islamic political parties merged to form United Development Party (PPP) on 5 January 1973, and the remaining nationalist and non-Islamic political parties united to form Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI) on 10 January 1973. Golkar, officially a "federation of public organisations" instead of a proper political party, immune to the fusion and remain dominant for the entire period of the New Order.
List of political parties in Indonesia | Political parties of the <a href="New%20Order%20%28Indonesia%29">New Order</a>
"Note: Bold text suggests the party's member, or a former member who was still active in the party by the time of his nomination."
Great Indonesia Movement Party | Presidential election results
The party came first in the 2009 legislative election with 20.9 percent of the votes, making it the largest party in the People's Representative Council, with 148 seats, just over one quarter of the total.
Democratic Party (Indonesia) | 2009 legislative election
Since 1999, Indonesia has had a multi-party system. In the four legislative elections since the fall of the New Order regime, no political party has won an overall majority of seats, resulting in coalition governments. All political parties must have Pancasila as one of their ideologies, a remnant of its sacred status as single ideology, especially during the New Order.
List of political parties in Indonesia | Introduction
During the congress, there were two names that had the strongest chance to gain the chairman office, Suryadi and I Gusti Ngurah Gde Jaksa. They became the strongest candidates due to their "purity" from the past and recent conflicts inside the PDI. Both were considered to be acceptable by the government and PDI. Other minor names that were still considered having a chance were Mohammad Isnaeni and Hardjantho Sumodisastro.
3rd Congress of the Indonesian Democratic Party | Candidates
The results of the legislative election determined which political parties were eligible to submit presidential tickets. Only parties which received at least 5% of the popular vote or 3% of seats (17 of 550 seats) in the DPR would be allowed to submit candidates. Parties that did not meet these criteria must join with other parties to meet at least one criterion. Seven political parties met these criteria: the Party of the Functional Groups (Golkar), the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), the National Awakening Party (PKB), the United Development Party (PPP), the Democratic Party (PD), the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS), and the National Mandate Party (PAN).
2004 Indonesian presidential election | Candidates
Bold indicates parties that passed the electoral threshold
Results of the 2014 Indonesian legislative election | List of political parties
The law also dictates minimum membership of new political parties on 50 persons, with the percentage of woman members and allocation of woman members to party offices are set on a minimum of 30%. The party must undergo another registration process in order to participate in national elections; the registration shall be submitted to the General Elections Commission. Political parties whose had their registration declined by the electoral commission due to failure to satisfy administrative criteria or other reasons, are able to appeal their rejection to the Election Oversight Committee (Indonesian: "Badan Pengawas Pemilihan Umum").
List of political parties in Indonesia | Overview
The Great Indonesia Party (, Parindra) was the name used by two Indonesian political parties.
Great Indonesia Party | Introduction
The Pioneers' Party gained one seat from the United Democratic Nationhood Party. Meanwhile, the only seat allocated to the Freedom Bull National Party by the General Election Commission was reassigned to the Reform Star Party. After the resolution of all disputes, sixteen parties received at least one seat in the People's Representative Council, while eight received none. The inconsistency in the order of parties according to votes received and seats allocated arose due to a special rule created to address uneven population distribution between Java and other islands. This rule stipulates that the Hare quota values for the provinces in Java were on average higher than those for the outer islands.
2004 Indonesian legislative election | Seat allocation
These parties participates on national elections - the last was in 2019 - yet failed to attain a single seat in the DPR due to failing to pass 4% parliamentary threshold. Notable failure was of Hanura, that was failed to return to DPR despite winning seats in 2014 election. Despite electoral failure in the DPR, these parties successfully gain seat in regional parliaments (DPRD). Aceh special autonomy statutes allowed formation of local political parties to compete only in Aceh local parliament. Although the party number is serialised from the national list, Aceh local parties only appeared in ballot paper circulating in Aceh province.
List of political parties in Indonesia | Parties represented only in regional legislatures
Thus the Patriot Party was described as the political wing of the Pancasila Youth. In the 2004 Indonesian legislative election, the party won 0.9% of the popular vote and no seats. The party therefore had to change its name and undergo the ratification process by the General Elections Commission name to allow it to contest the 2009 elections. In the 2009 elections, the party won only 0.5 percent of the vote, less than the 2.5 percent electoral threshold, meaning it was awarded no seats in the People's Representative Council. Following its poor result in the 2009 vote, the party joined nine other smaller parties to form the National Unity Party ().
Patriot Party (Indonesia) | Introduction
Candidates for president are nominated as individuals (along with a vice-presidential running partner); however, support from the main political parties is likely to play a crucial role in influencing the result. Partly for this reason, the highly changeable map of political parties in Indonesia contributes to the uncertainty of political trends in the run-up to the presidential election. In recent years, the number of political parties contesting major elections (for both national and regional parliaments and the presidential elections) has varied considerably.
2014 Indonesian presidential election | Political parties
Under the New Order, only two political parties forcibly merged in 1973 plus the functional group 'Golkar' had been allowed to participate in elections. With the start of the Reform Era, more than 100 new political parties emerged. New elections were called for 1999 and 148 parties registered with the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights. Of these, only 48 passed the selection process, overseen by intellectual Nurcholish Madjid The elections were to be overseen by an independent General Elections Commission (KPU) of 53 members, one from each party and five government representatives
1999 Indonesian legislative election | Background
On 20 May 1953, he attended a meeting led by Nasution (also inactive) in Tugu, West Java at which it was decided to establish a political party to "fight for the return to the spirit of the 1945 Constitution. The party was called the League of Supporters of Indonesian Independence (IPKI). The party won four seats in the 1955 election, and Gatot Soebroto became a member of the Indonesian legislature representing Central Java.
Gatot Soebroto | Political career
The first election after the establishment of the "New Order" took place on 5 July 1971. Ten political parties participated. The five largest political parties were Golkar, Nahdlatul Ulama, the Muslim Party of Indonesia (Parmusi), the Indonesian National Party and the Indonesian Islamic Union Party.
Elections in Indonesia | Beginning of the New Order (1971)
Ten political parties participated in the 1971 legislative elections, a number that President Suharto considered to be too much. Suharto wished that political parties be reduced to just two or three and that the parties should be grouped based on their programs. The basis for the merger that would result in the birth of PDI was a coalition of the five Nationalist and non-Islamic Parties in the People's Representative Council (DPR) called the Democracy Development Faction. This faction consisted of the Indonesian National Party (PNI, Sukarno's former party), the League of Supporters of Indonesian Independence (IPKI), Murba Party ("Partai Murba"), the Indonesian Christian Party ("Parkindo"), Catholic Party ("Partai Katolik").
Indonesian Democratic Party | Origins
This law was challenged in the Constitutional Court, but in late January 2014, the court ruled that the requirement would stand for this election. No party exceeded the threshold in the 2014 legislative elections; therefore, two coalitions were formed.
2014 Indonesian presidential election | Introduction
On polling day, voters were given four ballot papers, one each for the national People's Representative Council (DPR) and Regional Representative Council (DPD) and one each for their local provincial and regency/municipality Regional Representative Councils (DPRD I and DPRD II). Candidates for the DPR and DPRDI/II stand on a party platform. The ballot papers had a section for each of the parties with the party number and symbol. Under the symbols, that parties candidates were listed. Voters could vote for just the party, or one of the candidates (or both) by punching a hole in the ballot paper with the tool provided.
2014 Indonesian legislative election | Electoral system
The party nominated Yudhoyono as its presidential candidate with Jusuf Kalla as the vice-presidential candidate. In this, they were also supported by the Crescent Star Party (PBB) and Indonesian Justice and Unity Party (PKPI). Yudhoyono and Kalla won the first round of elections in July 2004 with 33.6% of the votes and would go on to win 60.1% in the run-offs, thereby securing Yudhoyono's election as President.
Democratic Party (Indonesia) | 2004 presidential election
Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle won the election by 18.95% votes, followed by Golkar with 14.75% votes and Great Indonesia Movement Party with 11.81% vote. However, neither of the parties can submit their own presidential candidate for the next 2014 Indonesian presidential election because none of them reached the electoral threshold for the presidential election, 20%.
2014 Indonesian legislative election | Results
On 10 January 1973, as part of Suharto's program to reduce political parties, these five parties were merged to form PDI.
Indonesian Democratic Party | Origins
Following is a list of Indonesian presidential candidates by number of votes received. Presidential elections through direct voting began in the 2004 Indonesian presidential election, with prior presidents being voted for by the People's Consultative Assembly. Each election has seen an increasing number of total voters due to natural population growth. The parties indicated in the table is the party of the presidential candidate, but generally presidential tickets will be backed by a coalition of multiple political parties.
List of Indonesian presidential candidates by number of votes received | Introduction
Party of the People of Free Indonesia (, PRIM) was a political party in Indonesia. The party was based amongst the Sundanese population in West Java. In the 1955 parliamentary election, PRIM got 72,523 votes (0.2% of the national vote). One parliamentarian was elected from the party. After the election the party joined the Fraction of Upholders of the Proclamation, a hetergenous parliamentary group with ten MPs.
Party of the People of Free Indonesia | Introduction
The party came third in the 2009 legislative election with 14% of the votes. It had 95 seats in the DPR. Megawati was chosen as the presidential candidate, this time with a coalition between the Great Indonesia Movement Party and PDI-P themselves, with Prabowo Subianto as her running mate. They lost to SBY, with Boediono as vice-president, who won 26.6% of the vote.
Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle | 2009 elections
The election results determined which political parties were eligible to submit candidates for Indonesia's first direct presidential election, which was held on 5 July. Only parties that received 5% of the popular vote or 3% of seats in the People's Representative Council could submit candidates. Parties that did not meet these criteria had to join with other parties to meet at least one criterion.
2004 Indonesian legislative election | Election results
Until Suharto's fall in 1998, PDI was the smallest political party in Indonesia. Despite playing up its Sukarnoist heritage when campaigning, PDI continued to come last in the legislative elections.
Indonesian Democratic Party | PDI in New Order
PDI participated in the 1999 legislative elections and won two seats, but refused to ratify the election results. This was not enough to pass the electoral threshold to allow the party to participate in the following elections in 2004. After failing to join with other parties to reach the threshold, the party renamed itself the Indonesian Democratic Vanguard Party
Indonesian Democratic Party | 1999 legislative elections and aftermath
The Indonesian National Party (, PNI) was the name used by several nationalist political parties in Indonesia from 1927 until the 2000s. The first PNI was established by future President Sukarno. After independence, the new PNI supplied a number of prime ministers, and participated in the majority of cabinets in the 1950s and 1960s. The party was fused into the Indonesian Democratic Party in 1973. In the years following the reforms of the late 1990s, a number of parties claiming to be the continuation of previous PNIs stood in elections, but gained only a handful of seats.
Indonesian National Party | Introduction
After initially failing to qualify, following a lawsuit the party won the right to contest the 2009 elections, in which it won only 0.14 percent of the vote, lower from the electoral threshold of at least 2,5%, again without any seats of the People's Representative Council.
Indonesian Nahdlatul Community Party | Introduction
For the 2014 legislative election, the party set a target of 15% of the national vote, less than its 2009 share. One reason the party expected its vote to fall was that Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono would not able to run for president, having served the two terms allowed for in the constitution. However, the party won only 10.19%, losing over half of its seats in the legislature.
Democratic Party (Indonesia) | 2014 legislative election
The Indonesian National Populist Fortress Party () was a political party in Indonesia. The founder, Eros Djarot was dissatisfied with the Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle, which refused to allow him to stand as chairman against Megawati Sukarnoputri at the party conference in 2000. Eros then formed the Bung Karno National Party, named after Indonesia's first president Sukarno. However, as the law did not allow the use of national figures in party names, this was changed to the Freedom Bull National Party (with the same initials – PNBK – in Indonesian). In the 2004 legislative elections in the party won 1.1% of the popular vote and 1 out of 550 seats in the People's Representative Council.
Indonesian National Populist Fortress Party | Introduction
This presidential election process would involve political parties nominating a presidential and vice-presidential ticket with the option of a runoff election.
2004 Indonesian presidential election | Background
Indonesian political party system is regulated by Law No.2/2008 on political parties. The law defines political party as "a national organisation founded by like-minded Indonesian citizens with common goals to fulfil common interest and to defend the unity of the nation based on Pancasila and the national constitution, UUD 1945". Political parties must register themselves to the Ministry of Law and Human Rights to be recognised by the authority. The law dictates political parties' registration criteria shall include a notarial act recognise the party establishment and party constitution; a document describing party symbols; address of party headquarters and prove of distribution of party local offices in provinces, and cities and regencies; and a prove of party bank account.
List of political parties in Indonesia | Overview
Based on the final allocation of seats in the People's Representative Council, Golkar, the Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle, the National Awakening Party, the United Development Party, the Democratic Party, the Prosperous Justice Party, and the National Mandate Party were qualified to submit candidates for the country's first direct presidential election later in the year.
2004 Indonesian legislative election | Introduction
The PRD stood in the 1999 Indonesian legislative election, but won only 0.07% of the vote. It has not stood in subsequent elections.
People's Democratic Party (Indonesia) | Electoral performance
Yusril was later replaced by Malem Sambat Kaban. In the 2009 legislative election, the party won 1.8 percent of the votes, less than the 2.5 percent electoral threshold, meaning it lost all its seats in the People's Representative Council.
Crescent Star Party (Indonesia) | Electoral record
The General Elections Commission (, "KPU") is the body that is responsible for running both parliamentary and presidential elections. Article 22E(5) of the Constitution rules that the KPU is national, permanent, and independent. Prior to the 2004 elections, the KPU was made up of members who were also members of political parties. However, members of KPU must now be non-partisan.
Politics of Indonesia | Political parties and elections
Incumbent Yudhoyono won the election, with former Governor of Bank Indonesia, Boediono, as vice-presidential candidate, with a total tally of 60.8% in first round of runoff system election, beating former president, Megawati Sukarnoputri, and incumbent vice-president, Jusuf Kalla
Democratic Party (Indonesia) | 2009 presidential election
As a result of the toppling of Suharto, political freedom is significantly increased. Compared to only three parties allowed to exist in the New Order era, a total of 48 political parties participated in the 1999 election, a total of 24 parties in the 2004 election, 38 parties in the 2009 election, and 15 parties in the 2014 election. There are no majority winner of those elections and coalition governments are inevitable. The current government is a coalition of seven parties led by the PDIP and Golkar.
Coalition government | Indonesia
Following the election, the words "Gotong Royong" were removed and the body became the "Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat" again. In 1973 the remaining political parties were reduced to two, the United Development Party and the Indonesian Democratic Party. For the remainder of the New Order, Golkar won absolute majorities at every elections, while the parliament did not produce a single law on its own initiative, its role being reduced to passing laws proposed by the government.
People's Representative Council | New Order
In March 2014, the party nominated Jakarta governor Joko Widodo as its presidential candidate, with Jusuf Kalla as his running mate. The pairing won with 53.15% of the vote, and PDI-P returned as the largest party in the DPR, winning nearly 19% of the vote.
Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle | 2014 elections
In 1973, the government 'obliged' the nine political parties of the time to fuse themselves into the Islamic United Development Party (PPP) and the nationalist Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI). The only other participant for all the elections held during the New Order regime was Golkar, the "functional group". In the run up to the election, the PPP worked hard to position itself as a party that was not extreme in its outlook, and that was not an opposition force, in an effort to bring about an open and participative political culture in which the party would play a more meaningful political role.
1992 Indonesian legislative election | Background
The party was formed again after the fall of Suharto, they only got 1 seat following the 1999 election.
Indonesian Islamic Union Party | Post-independence
The first general election was held in 1955 to elect members of the DPR and the Constitutional Assembly ("Konstituante"). At the national level, Indonesians did not elect a president until 2004. Since then, the president is elected for a five-year term, as are the party-aligned members of the DPR and the non-partisan DPD. Beginning with 2015 local elections, elections for governors and mayors have occurred on the same date. In 2014, the Constitutional Court ruled that, starting in 2019, legislative and presidential elections are to be held simultaneously.
Indonesia | Parties and elections
The Freedom Party () was a political party in Indonesia. It was established in 2002 as a reaction to the disappointment felt by several economic activists to the failure of the new Indonesian parties established after the end of the New Order regime to make meaningful changes to the political system. Rather than fighting for political aims, the party focus is on bringing about a people's economy. The three main principles of the party were nationhood, rule by the people and independence. In the 2004 legislative election, the party won 0.7% of the popular vote and no seats. After initially failing to qualify, following a lawsuit it contested the 2009 elections, but came last, winning only 0.11% of the popular vote, from the electoral threshold of 2.50% and for the second time, no seats.
Freedom Party (Indonesia) | Introduction
Indonesia's first general election elected members of the DPR and the Constitutional Assembly of Indonesia ("Konstituante"). The election was organised by the government of Prime Minister Ali Sastroamidjojo. Sastroamidjojo himself declined to stand for election, and Burhanuddin Harahap became Prime Minister. The election occurred in two stages: The five largest parties in the election were the National Party of Indonesia ("Partai Nasional Indonesia"), Masyumi, Nahdlatul Ulama, the Communist Party of Indonesia ("Partai Komunis Indonesia", PKI), and the Indonesian Islamic Union Party ("Partai Sarekat Islam Indonesia").
Elections in Indonesia | Early elections (1955)
The system used was based on proportional representation at the provincial level. Within each province, parties were awarded seats in proportion to their share of the vote. The East Java province had the most number of seats, with 82, while the lowest was in Bengkulu and East Timor with four each. Voters chose parties, not people as the candidate list was closed, meaning the decision as to who would sit in the legislature was decided by the parties.
1999 Indonesian legislative election | Electoral system
The Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI) was one of the two state-approved parties during the New Order era of the late 20th-century in Indonesia.
Indonesian Democratic Party | Introduction
The introduction of a parliamentary threshold also meant that only parties receiving more than 2.5% of the popular vote would be seated in the DPR.
2009 Indonesian legislative election | Parties
The party chairmanship remained in the hands of Edi Sudradjat. In the 2004 legislative elections, the party won 1.3% of the popular vote and 1 out of 550 seats. In the 2009 legislative election, the party won 0.9 percent of the vote, less than the 2.5 percent electoral threshold, meaning that it lost its only seat in the People's Representative Council.
Indonesian Justice and Unity Party | Introduction
As mentioned earlier, the party was looking beyond the election to build a permanent basis of widespread and large-scale support throughout Indonesia.
1955 Indonesian legislative election | Campaign
The Indonesian Unity Party () was a political party in Indonesia. It had its origins in an August 2002 meeting of 15 political parties that had failed to reach the electoral threshold in the 1999 legislative election to qualify for the subsequent election. The idea was that the parties would band together to establish a new party. However, this proved impossible because of differences such as religion and ideologies. Three parties soon dropped out, then another two but driven by the desire to take part in the next election, the remaining ten formed an alliance. By the time the Bogor Political Memorandum was signed on 24 November 2002 only eight parties remained.
Indonesian Unity Party | Introduction
The party came fifth in the 2009 legislative election with 6% of the vote, gaining 43 seats in the People's Representative Council.
National Mandate Party | Indonesian legislative election, 2009
In December 1998 PNI-Supeni merged with PNI-Masa Marhaen, and contested the 1999 legislative election, winning 0.33% of votes, and gaining one seat in the People's Representative Council. After the election, the party name was changed to Indonesian National Party of Marhaenism so the party could compete in the 2004 elections. On 4 July 2000, Sukmawati Sukarnoputri, one of the daughters of Indonesia's first president, Sukarno, became party chairwoman. The party won 0.8% of the votes and again finished with one seat in the People's Representative Council. The party contested the 2009 legislative election, but won only 0.3 percent of the vote, less than the 2.5 percent electoral threshold, thereby losing its only seat in the People's Representative Council.
Indonesian National Party Marhaenism | Introduction
To run for the presidency, a candidate had to be supported by political parties totalling 20% of the seats in the DPR or 25% of the popular vote in the previous legislative election. Political parties were allowed to remain neutral if they were unable to propose their own candidate. However, if a neutral party(s) was able to endorse their own candidate, they were required to do so, or face being barred from participating in the next election. The voting procedure followed a two-round system, with voters simply choosing one of the candidate pairs. A winning candidate was required to win a majority and at least 20% of the votes in over half of Indonesia's provinces.
2019 Indonesian general election | Presidential vote
The 1999 election was the first election held after the collapse of the New Order. It was held on 7 June 1999 under the government of Jusuf Habibie. Forty-eight political parties participated. The six largest parties which passed the electoral threshold of 2% were the Indonesian Democratic Party-Struggle ("Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan"), the reformed Golkar Party, the United Development Party ("Partai Persatuan Pembangunan"), the National Awakening Party ("Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa"), the National Mandate Party ("Partai Amanat Nasional"), and the Crescent Star Party ("Partai Bulan Bintang"). Under the constitution, the new President was elected by members of both houses of Parliament in a joint sitting.
Elections in Indonesia | Election reforms (1999–present)
In April 2019, incumbent president Joko Widodo was the party's presidential candidate running for a second term, with Ma'ruf Amin as his running mate. Widodo won successful won a second term with 55.50% of the vote. PDI-P remained the largest party in the DPR, winning 19.33% of the vote.
Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle | 2019 elections
This group then established the Democratic Renewal Party. Unlike the PDI-P, it had a system of collective leadership, with 35 people forming the national leadership. The party contested the 2009 elections, but won only 0.9 percent of the vote, less than the 2.5 percent electoral threshold, meaning it gained no seats in the People's Representative Council. Following its poor result in the 2009 vote, the party joined nine other smaller parties to form the National Unity Party ().
Democratic Renewal Party (Indonesia) | Introduction
The Nanggroe Aceh Party () is a regional political party in Indonesia. It was established as a result of a split within the Aceh Party triggered by disagreements over the candidate for governor in the 2012 Aceh gubernatorial election. The party qualified to contest the 2014 elections in Aceh, and won 4.7 percent of the vote, winning three seats in the provincial legislature. In 2017, the party changed its initial name with the "N" now means "Nanggroe" (Acehnese for "land") instead of "Nasional" (Indonesian for "National").
Nanggroe Aceh Party | Introduction
The Democratic Party was the only party to have fulfilled the requirements needed to nominate its own candidates for president and vice president in the July election. It won 150 seats in the DPR, well over the 112 needed to nominate a candidate. No party met the criterion of achieving 25% of the popular vote. By 16 May, three coalitions submitted candidates for the presidential election. The coalition led by the Democratic Party submitted President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and Bank Indonesia Governor Boediono as running mates. Golkar and the People's Conscience Party submitted Vice President Jusuf Kalla and retired General Wiranto as running mates.
2009 Indonesian legislative election | Aftermath
The Democratic Party () is a centre to centre-right political party in Indonesia. It was founded on 9 September 2001. Its ideology is based on the Indonesian concept of Pancasila, and identifies as centrist.
Democratic Party (Indonesia) | Introduction
Following legislative elections held on 9 April, coalitions of political parties began to emerge in order to nominate candidates for President and Vice President. Under the 2008 Presidential Election Law, the candidates must be nominated by a party or coalition that won at least 25% of the popular vote or 112 (20%) of 560 seats of the DPR. Indonesia's Constitutional Court also ruled that independent candidates would not be allowed to run. Candidates had to officially register with the KPU by midnight of 16 May in order to appear on the ballots. It initially appeared that Golkar, the party of incumbent Vice President Jusuf Kalla, would enter into a coalition with the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI–P) of former president Megawati Sukarnoputri to challenge President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's Democratic Party.
2009 Indonesian presidential election | Coalition talks
The Democratic Renewal Party (Indonesian: "Partai Demokrasi Pembaruan" (PDP)) was a political party in Indonesia. It was established in 2005 by former members of the Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle (PDI-P) who were once close aides of party leader Megawati Sukarnoputri. Following the 2005 PDI-P congress, differences appeared over the nature of democratic methods within the party. A group of people, including Petrus Selestinus, took the view that although the PDI-P was a modern political party, it still used the old authoritarian methods such as giving absolute prerogative rights to the party chairman and having only one candidate for senior positions.
Democratic Renewal Party (Indonesia) | Introduction
The language of left-right political spectrum is seldom used in Indonesia - in distinct from other countries of the world. This tendency is the result of the New Order regime under Suharto that anathematised left-wing politics after the Indonesian mass killings of 1965-66 against members and supporters of the Communist Party of Indonesia. The New Order regime further stigmatised left-wing ideals as those espoused only by the communists, discouraging Indonesian political parties to identify itself as a left-wing movement lest they losing potential voters and be accused as communist. This tendency survives even beyond the 1998 Reform, partly due to the new regime persistence to maintain anti-communist law in force.
List of political parties in Indonesia | Party principles
This meant that although the Indonesian Democratic Party-Struggle won the largest share of the popular vote, the new President was not its nominee, Megawati Sukarnoputri, but Abdurrahman Wahid from the National Awakening Party. Megawati became Vice-President.
Elections in Indonesia | Election reforms (1999–present)
A group that wanted to concentrate on trade unionism left the party, and refounded the BBI on December 31, 1945. This BBI later adopted the name Gasbi.
Labour Party of Indonesia | As a political party
Following the Indonesian Declaration of Independence in August 1945, on the same day as the Central Indonesian National Committee (KNIP) was established, August 21, the wartime Japanese "Jawa Hokokai" (Java Service Association) was renamed the Indonesian National Party, or PNI-Staatspartij (State Party). However its associations with the Japanese occupation made it unpopular and it lacked internal cohesion. As it result, it was dissolved at the end of August. On 29 January 1946, the Indonesian National Party was revived as a merger of the recently established Indonesia People's Union (Serindo) and a number of smaller parties, together with activists from parties including Parindra and Partindo, but this time without Sukarno, who as president, was above politics.
Indonesian National Party | The PNI in the early years after independence
As many political parties in Israel are known by their acronyms, several parties can spell out their name in two or three letters, and thus use their name as their ballot letters (e. g., Meretz and Hetz).
Elections in Israel | Voting method
Parmusi (Muslim party of Indonesia) () was a political party in Indonesia. It was established in 1968, came fourth in the 1971 Indonesian legislative election, winning 5.36% of the vote and 24 seats in the legislature, and in 1973 was obliged by the New Order regime to join other Islamist parties and fuse into the United Development Party.
Parmusi | Introduction
The Indonesian Youth Party () was a political party in Indonesia. It contested the 2009 elections with a platform of motivating young people to participate in national development. The party won only 0.4 percent of the vote, less than the 2.5 percent electoral threshold, meaning it was awarded no seats in the People's Representative Council. Following its poor result in the 2009 vote, the party joined nine other smaller parties to form the National Unity Party (). The party also attempted to contest the 2014 elections, but failed to fulfill the criteria set by the General Elections Commission, and along with nine other parties who also failed to qualify, decided to merge into the People's Conscience Party (Hanura).
Indonesian Youth Party | Introduction
In early 2005, the party registered in the National Elections Jury and participated in the 2006 general election, launching Ulises Humala as its presidential nominee. At the legislative elections held on 9 April 2006, the party won 1.1% of the popular vote but no seats in the Congress of the Republic. The presidential ticket itself attained 0.2%, placing fourteenth nationally. Upon losing the formal registration as a political organization, it had a new re-founding stage that took place on May 10, 2017, after several years, culminating in a new registration on the same year. At the 2020 parliamentary election, the party won 2.5% of the popular vote but no seats in the Congress of the Republic, as it failed to pass once again the electoral threshold.
Go on Country | History
It was reported to be close to former Jakarta governor Sutiyoso, a candidate in the 2009 Indonesian presidential election and considered him as a presidential candidate In the 2009 elections, the party won only 0.4 percent of the vote, less than the 2.5 percent electoral threshold, meaning it was awarded no seats in the People's Representative Council. The party intended to contest the 2014 elections, but failed to fulfill the criteria set by the General Elections Commission, and along with nine other parties which also failed to qualify, decided to merge into the People's Conscience Party (Hanura).
Sovereignty Party | Party Philosophy
Regencies: Bojonegoro, Tuban
List of Indonesian national electoral districts | East Java IX (6 seats)
The law maintains the electoral system used in 2014, using the open list system. Voters could vote directly for the candidate they wanted in a list of candidate names presented by party. The candidates are then ranked by vote in their respective parties, and the party's quota is determined through the Webster/Sainte-Laguë method after elimination of parties not meeting the threshold. For presidential candidates, the winning candidate is determined by simple majority, with runoff voting for the top two candidates if no candidates managed to secure a first round majority. In addition, the winning candidate must secure at least 20% of votes in over half of the provinces (i.e.
Indonesian electoral law of 2017 | Electoral system
Indonesian Christian Party 1945 (, Parkindo 45) was a political party in Indonesia. The party was a successor to the Indonesian Christian Party, which was established in 1945. The party never passed the verification for the general election.
Indonesian Christian Party 1945 | Introduction
As a result, five different PNIs were registered with the Ministry of Justice Dept. After a change in its articles of establishment, the PNI led by Probosutedjo declared itself as the PNI-Marhaenis Front (PNI-FM) on 10 February 1999, while a merger of two other PNIs resulted in the PNI-Marhaen Mass (PNI-MM) led by Bachtar Oscha Chalik All three parties contested the 1999 legislative election. The PNI-MM and the PNI-FM each won one seat in the legislature, but despite winning a larger share of the vote - 0.36% - Supeni's PNI won no seats. None of these parties achieved the threshold of votes allowing them to contest the 2004 legislative election.
Indonesian National Party | The revival of the PNI name
In January 1948 PBI and Sajap Kiri went into opposition. In the coming month, Sajap Kiri evolved into the People's Democratic Front, with PBI as one of its constituents.
Labour Party of Indonesia | In national politics
The National People's Party (, PRN) was a nationalist political party in Indonesia. The party was initially called Indonesian National Party - "Merdeka" ('Freedom'), and was formed on 23 July 1950 after a split within the Indonesian National Party (PNI). The divisions with the PNI had appeared at the party congress in May the same year, when Sidik Djojosukarto's followers (whom the founders of PNI-Merdeka/PRN opposed) had emerged victorious (after the split the PNI labelled the PRN as 'right-wing' and 'capitalistic'). Dr. Djody Gondokusumo was the chairman of the party. When the People's Representative Council was established following the dissolution of the United States of Indonesia and the establishment of Indonesia as a unitary state, the PRN was given 10 legislative seats.
National People's Party (Indonesia) | Introduction
Over 60 parties registered for the elections, but only 34 originally met the eligibility requirements. However, on 15 August 2008, following a successful legal challenge, another four parties were permitted to join the contest, making 38 in total. A total of 11,219 candidates vied for seats in the DPR, and 1,116 candidates vied for seats in the DPD. Among the requirements for parties is that 30% of candidates are women. The Constitutional Court also lifted the restriction on former members of the Indonesian Communist Party to stand as candidates in the legislative election. Only parties or coalitions of parties tallying 25% of the national vote or winning 112 seats (20%) in the 560-member DPR may nominate a candidate in the presidential election to be held in July 2009.
2009 Indonesian legislative election | Parties
Individuals campaigned not only as members of their political party but also on their own merits, and some who were not listed at the top of the party's list won seats.
2009 Indonesian legislative election | Campaign
At the eighth party congress, shifts within the membership led to a narrow win for the conservative Suwirjo as party chairman. The same congress saw major changes to the organization of the party, with the establishment of a decentralized and inclusive Congress Working Committee to set party policy.
Indonesian National Party | The Liberal Democracy era
Indonesian law at the time only allowed three organisations to participate in elections - the United Development Party (PPP), the Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI) and Golkar (functional group), an organisation which started off as a confederation of NGOs, and was officially not a party.
1997 Indonesian legislative election | Participants
The 2001 Special Session of the People's Consultative Assembly which resulted in Megawati Sukarnoputri's election as President of Indonesia caused a vacancy in the position of vice-president. Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono was one candidate who competed for the vice-presidency, losing out to Hamzah Haz. Yudhoyono's supporters saw Yudhoyono's participation in the vice-presidential election as a sign of his popularity and recognized Yudhoyono's potential as a possible leader for Indonesia. One of these supporters, Vence Rumangkang approached Yudhoyono with the idea of forming a political party to help shore up support for the 2004 presidential elections. Yudhoyono approved of the idea and after going through the basic concepts left Rumangkang in charge of forming the party.
Democratic Party (Indonesia) | Origins
The Archipelago Republic Party () was a political party in Indonesia established in 2007. It contested the 2009 elections on a platform of simplification of the bureaucracy, reforms to education and prioritization of maritime development. However, it won only 0.6 percent of the vote, less than the 2.5 percent electoral threshold, meaning it was awarded no seats in the People's Representative Council. The party intended to contest the 2014 elections, but failed to fulfill the criteria set by the General Elections Commission, and along with nine other parties who also failed to qualify, decided to merge into the People's Conscience Party (Hanura).
Archipelago Republic Party | Introduction
This article lists the youth wings of political parties in Indonesia. This list also includes student wings.
List of youth wings of political parties in Indonesia | Introduction
In the legislative elections of 21 May 2006, the party won 30.52% of the popular vote and 18 out of 56 available seats, and in the legislative elections of 22 May 2011, the party won 34.27% of the popular vote and 20 out of 56 available seats. The party's candidate, Nicos Anastasiades, won the 2013 presidential elections, ending five years of rule by the Progressive Party of Working People (AKEL). In the legislative elections of 2016, the party won 30.68%, taking 18 seats in the parliament and remaining the party with the largest representation.
Democratic Rally | Election results
The Functional Party of Struggle () was a political party in Indonesia. It contested the 2009 elections, but received only 0.3 percent of the vote, well below the threshold of 2.5% of the political votes, and was awarded no seats in the People's Representative Council. The party was established by Lt. Gen (ret) Muhammad Yasin and members of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's 2004 election campaign team. Most of its election candidates were retired military officers. On 31 August 2012, the party officially merged into the Democratic Party.
Functional Party of Struggle | Introduction
The party changed its name once again in 2013 to clean the image of the party for the 2014 elections. In the end, they got 5 senators and 6 representatives. in March 2015, they were officially accepted as part of the ruling National Unity coalition.
Citizen Option | Citizen Option
However, the party won only 0.3 percent of the national vote, less than the 2.5 percent electoral threshold, meaning it was awarded no seats in the People's Representative Council. Following its poor result in the 2009 vote, the party joined nine other smaller parties to form the National Unity Party ().
Indonesian Democratic Party of Devotion | Introduction