After the death of Nobunaga at Honnoji Incident, Probably most relieved at Hideyoshi's evident generosity, Terumoto agreed, to make peace and allowing Hideyoshi to speed home and defeat Akechi Mitsuhide before anyone else was the wiser for it. As frustrated as the Môri may have been by their discovery of the truth, they did not break the truce, and in time became Hideyoshi's closest supporters. In 1583 he became a vassal of Toyotomi Hideyoshi. Terumoto sent the 'Two Rivers' (Kobayakawa and Kikkawa) to lead troops for Hideyoshi in his Invasion of Shikoku (1585) and Kyushu Campaign (1587). He sent ships to assist Hideyoshi in his reduction of the Hojo at Siege of Odawara (1590).
Service Under Hideyoshi
Mōri Terumoto
Mōri Terumoto | Service Under Hideyoshi
Toyotomi Hideyoshi Hideyoshi Toyotomi Hideyoshi. Toyotomi Hideyoshi
date of japanese surrender in world war ii
user
September 2, 1945
assistant
what were the divisions within their leadership?
user
Suzuki's military-dominated cabinet favored continuing the war. For the Japanese, surrender was unthinkable—Japan had never been successfully invaded or lost a war in its history. Only Mitsumasa Yonai, the Navy minister, was known to desire an early end to the war.
assistant
why did they surrender then?
user
August 28, 1945 Japanese Instrument of Surrender was signed
assistant
what happened at hiroshima in this context?
user
United States detonated an atomic bomb over the Japanese city of Hiroshima.
assistant
and nagasaki?
user
Hours later, the United States dropped a second atomic bomb, this time on the Japanese city of Nagasaki.
assistant
were there any further surrenders followed after this?
user
It was broadcasted later that Japan was indeed unconditionally surrendering to the allies.
assistant
which interesting places are there in the former mentioned city?
user
Itsukushima Island, also known as Miyajima
assistant
how is the weather here?
user
Has a humid subtropical climate characterized by cool to mild winters and hot, humid summers.
assistant
who used to rule this place during 1589 to 1871?
user
Mōri Terumoto
assistant
who is this person?
user
He was a Japanese "daimyō".
assistant
whom did he provide his service to?
user
When Hideyoshi invasion Korea in 1592, Terumoto himself led a 'division' of troops there, although much of his time seems to have been taken up fighting Korean partisans.
Mōri Terumoto | Service Under Hideyoshi
After the death of Nobunaga at Honnoji Incident, Probably most relieved at Hideyoshi's evident generosity, Terumoto agreed, to make peace and allowing Hideyoshi to speed home and defeat Akechi Mitsuhide before anyone else was the wiser for it. As frustrated as the Môri may have been by their discovery of the truth, they did not break the truce, and in time became Hideyoshi's closest supporters. In 1583 he became a vassal of Toyotomi Hideyoshi. Terumoto sent the 'Two Rivers' (Kobayakawa and Kikkawa) to lead troops for Hideyoshi in his Invasion of Shikoku (1585) and Kyushu Campaign (1587). He sent ships to assist Hideyoshi in his reduction of the Hojo at Siege of Odawara (1590).
Mōri Terumoto | Service Under Hideyoshi
Mōri Terumoto (毛利 輝元, January 22, 1553 – June 2, 1625) was a Japanese "daimyō". The son of Mōri Takamoto, and grandson and successor of the great warlord Mōri Motonari, he fought against Oda Nobunaga but was eventually overcome. He participated in Toyotomi Hideyoshi's Korean Campaign (1592) and built Hiroshima Castle, thus essentially founding Hiroshima.
Mōri Terumoto | Introduction
Mōri Terumoto (Japanese: 毛利 輝元) was a Japanese "daimyō" during the Azuchi-Momoyama period and the Edo period. He was a descendant of the feudal lord of the Choshu domain. He became one of the Five Elders at the age of 46. Terumoto fought against Hideyoshi before the latter's rise to power, but lacked enough supporters. Realizing that Hideyoshi would be the next leader of the country, he began to build trust by sending gifts to celebrate Hideyoshi's victory at the Battle of Shizugatake and helping him in the Kyushu Campaign in 1587. He was allied with Ishida Mitsunari at the Battle of Sekigahara and acted as the head general of the Western Army.
Council of Five Elders | Mōri Terumoto
Hidemoto has been believed a surpassing leader unlike his below-average father-in-law, Mōri Terumoto. He used to be one of the most Jacobinical objectors to Ieyasu, but he turned to a supporter of Ieyasu after Sekigahara. Hidemoto apparently remained as first commander under Ieyasu throughout the Edo period. He more than likely assisted in the Sieges of Osaka and the later Shimabara Rebellion before he eventually died in 1650.
Mōri Hidemoto | Service under Ieyasu
While Ieyasu was serving as one of Hideyoshi's staff in Kyūshū, Yasumasa was to supervise Kantō, as one of the chief administrators.
Sakakibara Yasumasa | Service under Ieyasu
He was a member of the council of Five Elders appointed by Hideyoshi. At the height of his power in late 16th century, Terumoto controlled 1.2 million "koku". This means he could mobilize more than 40,000 men to a battle. He sided against Tokugawa Ieyasu as the general commander, but was not present at the Battle of Sekigahara. Terumoto was in Osaka Castle defending Toyotomi Hideyori at the time and surrendered to Ieyasu soon after Sekigahara. Ieyasu reduced Terumoto's domains, leaving him only Nagato and Suō Provinces, worth 369,000 koku in total. Finally, his behavior caused resentment of abundant vassals, and that led him to retire.
Mōri Terumoto | Sekigahara Campaign
Hideyoshi made him a "daimyō" of Sawayama in Ōmi Province, a five hundred thousand koku fief (now a part of Hikone). Sawayama Castle was known as one of the best-fortified castles during that time. Mitsunari also participated in the 1590 campaign against the Hōjō clan, where he commanded the Siege of Oshi and captured Oshi Castle and in 1591 fought against Kunohe Rebellion. Later, he served in the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–98).
Ishida Mitsunari | Service under Hideyoshi
On the contrary, Hideyoshi tried to make him administer the provinces by making two of them public but Takakage repeatedly decline and said that his nephew Mōri Terumoto was still too young and his brother Kikkawa Motoharu had already died. He proposed to install substitute officers in Chikuzen and Chikugo and also would alternate with Sasa Narimasa (佐々成政) every half a year or year. Hideyoshi refused his resignation of the provinces and this was an opportunity for Takakage to become an independent lord under the Toyotomi administration.
Kobayakawa Takakage | Under Toyotomi Hideyoshi
As Hiroie was the leading general of the army, Hidemoto was prevented from reaching the frontlines, placing him with little other choice than to resentfully retreat without offering his support to the Tokugawa. And as a general resolution to such an event, Hidemoto's original fief was dropped from 200,000 to a modest 50,000 out of sympathetic consideration to Terumoto's service, causing Hidemoto a proper level of humiliation.
Mōri Hidemoto | Battle of Sekigahara
The Korean admiral Yi Sun-sin who had obstructed Yoshiaki died in this battle. Afterward, Yoshihiro rescued the Japanese commanders and returned to Japan.
Shimazu Yoshihiro | Service under Hideyoshi
Hidemoto was the eldest son of Mōri Motokiyo and initially began service under the Toyotomi as a military commander under his cousin Terumoto, the head of the Mōri clan. In 1597, Hidemoto became a highly esteemed figure beneath the Mōri, and, by variable means, was chosen specifically by Toyotomi Hideyoshi to lead the Army of the Right in the Second Invasion of Korea, where he commanded 30,000 soldiers. Hidemoto was additionally backed by six generals that were assigned to his right wing: Katō Kiyomasa, who possessed 10,000; Kuroda Nagamasa, who wielded 5,000; Nabeshima Naoshige with 12,000; Ikeda Hideuji tasked with 2,800; Chōsokabe Motochika, who wielded 3,000; and Nakagawa Hidenari, who respectively possessed 2,500.
Mōri Hidemoto | Life
Mitsunari met Toyotomi Hideyoshi when the former was still young and the latter was the "daimyō" of Nagahama. When Hideyoshi engaged in a campaign in the Chūgoku region, Mitsunari assisted his lord in attacks against castles like the Tottori Castle and Takamatsu Castle (in present-day Okayama). After Hideyoshi seized power, Mitsunari became known as a talented financial manager due to his knowledge and skill at calculation. From 1585 onward, he was the administrator of Sakai, a role he took together with his elder brother Ishida Masazumi. He was appointed one of the five bugyō, or top administrators of Hideyoshi's government.
Ishida Mitsunari | Service under Hideyoshi
Furthermore, he ordered comprehensive surveys and a complete census of Japan. Once this was done and all citizens were registered, he required all Japanese to stay in their respective "han" (fiefs) unless they obtained official permission to go elsewhere. This ensured order in a period when bandits still roamed the countryside and peace was still new. The land surveys formed the basis for systematic taxation.
Toyotomi Hideyoshi | Cultural legacy
He is believed to have been a below-average general on and off the battlefield, having lacked motivation and will. He made little impact in these final years of the Sengoku period, as he often had his subordinates and lesser members of the clan fight instead. It is believed that if he had fought at Sekigahara or brought Hideyori to the battlefield, Ieyasu would have been defeated. However, he managed his domain well and successfully held the Mōri clan together even when his domain was reduced to a third. He was succeeded by Mōri Hidenari.
Mōri Terumoto | Sekigahara Campaign
After Hideyoshi's death, that year, Kagekatsu then allied himself with Ishida Mitsunari, against Tokugawa Ieyasu, as the result of some political dispute.
Uesugi Kagekatsu | Service under Hideyoshi
What is known for sure about Yoshitsugu's service was that he was named Gyōbu-shōyū (a minor Minister of Justice) in 1585. By then, Yoshitsugu was said to have been accepted as one of the elites within Hideyoshi's inner circle. According to the Uno Mondo Nikki, a document written as secretary records for Kennyo, Yoshitsugu and Mitsunari were among the men who accompanied Hideyoshi to Arima Onsen in September the same year and soaked in the same pool as him.
Ōtani Yoshitsugu | Service under Hideyoshi
In April and December 1592 Narinaga was sent as an diplomatic envoy between Toyotomi Hideyoshi and the Mōri clan along with Ankokuji Ekei (安國寺惠瓊). One of the reasons they were sent was to deliver a letter of thanks from Hideyoshi to Mōri Terumoto for the hospitality he had received when he was visiting Hiroshima Castle Also this year, Hideyoshi ordered the Invasion of Korea. Narinaga was already 75 years old when he was sent to war across the Sea of Japan. There is a letter held at the Hiroshima Museum addressed to Mōri Terumoto from Toyotomi Hideyoshi and in it he expresses worry for his "old friend" Hayashi Hizen-no-kami who was old and at war.
Hayashi Narinaga | Hideyoshi's Korean Campaign (1592–1594)
Manjirō was appointed a minor official and became a valuable source of information. In September 1853, Manjirō was summoned to Edo (now known as Tokyo), questioned by the shogunate government, and made a "hatamoto" (a samurai in direct service to the shōgun). He would now give interviews only in service to the government. In token of his new status, he would wear two swords, and needed a surname; he chose "Nakahama", after his home village. In 1861, Manjirō was ordered to join the shogunate's expedition to the Bonin Islands, on which he acted as an interpreter.
Nakahama Manjirō | Return to Japan
At the outset of this campaign, Hidemoto was determined to support the forces of Tokugawa Ieyasu, dubbed the "East". Since his cousin, Terumoto, possessed 128,000 soldiers that he would use to back the Western forces of Mitsunari, Hidemoto intended to assist the Eastern forces of Ieyasu. He gathered his armaments with great immediacy, equipped himself with 15,000 soldiers and stationed his entire army on Mt. Nangu, with his generals distributed along the eastern borders of the mountain. To make the circumstances go from beneficial to entirely detrimental, Kikkawa Hiroie, a general of Hidemoto, refused to move against the Eastern forces at the start of the battle.
Mōri Hidemoto | Battle of Sekigahara
Receiving Shikano castle in Inaba Province as a reward for his notable service in 1578, Korenori ascended to higher rank as he assisted in Hideyoshi's 1587 invasion of Kyūshū. Interested in earning further fortunes in foreign trade, he requested to obtain lands in the coastal domains of Izumo Province, which possessed high quality harbors, in recognition of his past service against the Mōri and other clans of Kyūshū. However, his request was denied, as Izumo had already been given to the Mōri as a part of the truce agreements between the Mōri and Hideyoshi. Korenori then asked for the Ryukyu Islands instead; a paper fan inscribed with the date, Hideyoshi's signature, and the title "Kamei, Lord of Ryukyu" (亀井琉球の守, "Kamei Ryūkyū no kami"), found by Korean forces on a ship captured during Hideyoshi's invasions of Korea serves as evidence that Hideyoshi at least nominally offered the post to Korenori.
Kamei Korenori | Daimyō
Toyotomi Hideyoshi (who outnumbered Honda by up to 50 or 60 to 1) was said to have been struck by the bravery of this warrior, and ordered that no harm come to him, his men, or Ishikawa Yasumichi, who accompanied him on this bid to buy time for Ieyasu. Tadakatsu had a major role in the 1600 Battle of Kuisegawa, where he successfully rescued the Tokugawa officers Nakamura Kazuhide and Arima Toyouji, who were ambushed by the Western Army officers Shima Sakon and Akashi Teruzumi
Honda Tadakatsu | Service under Ieyasu
In 1578, Second Battle of Kizugawaguchi, Kûki Yoshitaka defeat Takeyoshi and drove the Môri away. A further attempt by the Môri to break the blockade the following year was turned back, and in 1580 the Honganji surrendered. After Hongan-ji surrender, this allowed Nobunaga to concentrate on the Môri and he sent two sizable contingents westward into the Chugoku region. Hashiba Hideyoshi was to march along the southern portion of the arm (the Sanyodo) while Akechi Mitsuhide moved into the upper provinces (the Sanindo). In 1578 Hideyoshi captured Kozuki Castle in Harima and gave it to Amago Katsuhisa, who, supported by the famed Yamanaka Shikanosuke, hoped to restore the defunct Amago clan to power in Izumo.
Mōri Terumoto | Conflict with Nobunaga
The rulers of Chōshū were the descendants of the great Sengoku warlord Mōri Motonari. Motonari was able to extend his power over all of the Chūgoku region of Japan and occupied a territory worth 1,200,000 koku. After he died, his grandson and heir Mōri Terumoto became "daimyō" and implemented a strategy of alliance with Toyotomi Hideyoshi. This would later prove to be a great mistake. After Hideyoshi's death, the "daimyō" Tokugawa Ieyasu challenged the Toyotomi power and battled with Hideyoshi's trusted advisor Ishida Mitsunari at the Battle of Sekigahara. Mōri Terumoto was the most powerful ally of the Toyotomi and was elected by a council of Toyotomi loyalists to be the titulary head of the Toyotomi force.
Chōshū Domain | History
He rose from relatively humble origins as an ashigaru (a foot soldier) to become a "daimyō". During his lifetime he changed his feudal master seven times and worked for ten people, but in the end he rendered loyalty to Tokugawa Ieyasu, who became his last master. Tōdō Takatora was promoted rapidly under Hashiba Hidenaga, the younger brother of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and he participated in the invasions of Korea as a commander of Toyotomi's fleet. His fiefdom at that time was Iyo-Uwajima. During the Edo period, the wealth of each fiefdom was measured as a volume of rice production in "koku".
Tōdō Takatora | History
He subsequently remained in this position until a conflict with the Army's Military Affairs Bureau resulted in his transfer to a regimental command in China.
Takushiro Hattori | Introduction
What happened, according to Murdoch, was that Akashi was not able to get behind the Tokugawa troops, having been discovered and engaged before he emerged from the lanes. The plans fell apart as Mōri's "rōnin", ever eager to fight, began shooting at the Tokugawa ranks, not waiting for Sanada (who was serving as Commander of the battle, in addition to being the tactician of the battle) to command them to do so. Sanada at once told the rōnin to stop but they only doubled their efforts. Mori Katsunaga, deciding to take advantage of his rōnin's eagerness, then decided to launch them forward nevertheless.
Toyotomi Hideyori | War with Ieyasu
While returning to Japan, the line length had already taken. Therefore, it concealed for a while at Kōyasan.
Mori Sōiken | Outline
Hideyoshi's efforts were well-received because Sunomata was in enemy territory, and according to legend constructed a fort in Sunomata overnight and discovered a secret route into Mount Inaba, after which much of the local garrison surrendered. In 1564, Hideyoshi was very successful as a negotiator. He managed to convince, mostly with liberal bribes, a number of Mino warlords to desert the Saitō clan. Hideyoshi approached many Saitō clan samurai and convinced them to submit to Nobunaga, including the Saitō clan's strategist, Takenaka Shigeharu.
Toyotomi Hideyoshi | Service under Nobunaga (1558–1582)
In 1582, he served Hashiba Hideyoshi after Nobunaga died, and was active in the Battle of Yamazaki. In 1583, he was the second vanguard of Hideyoshi's force at the Battle of Shizugatake, and held Oiwayama-fort (Oiwayama-toride, 大岩山砦) with Takayama Ukon and Miyoshi Hidetsugu. Then Sakuma Morimasa, who was a brave military commander of Shibata Katsuie, attacked hard.
Nakagawa Kiyohide | Biography
In his later years, Ogasawara and Hosokawa supported Musashi greatly—an atypical course of action for these Tokugawa loyalists, if Musashi had indeed fought on behalf of the Toyotomi. In 1615 he entered the service of Ogasawara Tadanao (小笠原忠直) of Harima Province, at Ogasawara's invitation, as a "Construction Supervisor," after previously gaining skills in craft. He helped construct Akashi Castle and in 1621 to lay out the organisation of the town of Himeji. He also taught martial arts during his stay, specializing in instruction in the art of shuriken(ninja-star)-throwing. During this period of service, he adopted a son.
Miyamoto Musashi | Service
was the 5th "daimyō" of Moriyama Domain. He was the eldest son of Matsudaira Yoriyoshi and his mother was a daughter of Tokugawa Harumori of Mito Domain. He became "daimyō" on the death of his father in 1830. Due to the severe financial situation of the domain, he was forced to borrow 4500 "ryo" and to increase taxes on the peasants and merchants of the domain. This led to frequent peasant revolts and petitions for debt relief. He ruled until his death in 1862.
Moriyama Domain | Matsudaira Yorinobu
He served Yoshirō Mori as Chief Cabinet Secretary from July 2000 to October 2000. In 2006 he was appointed secretary-general of the party. His son, Toshinao Nakagawa, would later serve as a Representative and Vice Minister of the Economy, Trade and Industry.
Hidenao Nakagawa | Overviews
There were five offices to which officers as a Higher Civilian like Arimatsu would be appointed; an executive civil officer, a diplomat, a consul, a judge or a public prosecutor. However Arimatsu wished to take an administrative post, he was so discouraged to be appointed in December 1888 to an assistant judge at local Mito court which performed the first trial of minor civil affair and criminal cases, that he resigned in less than one month (while his resignation was not accepted but taken into the custody of Minister for Justice and handled as a leave of absence from duty).
Arimatsu Hideyoshi | Political career
Mori was the recipient of a Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal for public service. The Japanese government conferred the Order of the Rising Sun, Gold and Silver Rays, which represents the fifth highest of eight classes associated with the award. This decoration recognized his efforts in promoting relations between Canada and Japan.
Kenzo Mori | Honours and awards
Horio Yoshiharu, Nakamura Kazuuji and Ikoma Chikamasa were appointed the three "chūrō" by Hideyoshi in his last years, and participated in the Toyotomi administration.
Horio Yoshiharu | Career
Kodama was born in Yamaguchi Prefecture. After graduating from the Law School of Tokyo Imperial University in 1900, he obtained a position at the Ministry of Finance, passing his career civil service examinations the same year. He served in a number of bureaucratic posts. During the Russo-Japanese War, he was assigned to the Imperial General Headquarters and sent to the Liaodong Peninsula (under Japanese occupation), where he served as liaison between the civilian government in Tokyo and the Japanese general armies in Manchuria. Following the war, he returned to the Finance Ministry as head of the government's Tobacco Monopoly. He was later assigned to serve in the Japanese Government-General of Korea, as a secretary to the Privy Council, and as a member of the House of Peers.
Hideo Kodama | Biography
After graduation, Morimoto served with Japan Air Self-Defense Force until 1979 when he joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.In 1992, he left the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and became a chief researcher at Nomura Research Institute (from 1992 to 2001). After teaching at several universities and graduate schools in Japan, Morimoto became a professor at Takushoku University (International Studies). In 2005, he became the head manager of "Institute of World Studies" at Takushoku University. In 2016 he backs Chancellor of Takushoku University. He served as an aide to then defense minister Yasukazu Hamada who served in Taro Aso's cabinet. Morimoto was appointed defense minister on 3 June 2012 in a cabinet shuffle, replacing Tanaka Naoki.
Satoshi Morimoto | Career
His sons would serve Minamoto no Yoritomo, the first Kamakura shōgun.
Sasaki Hideyoshi | Introduction
, formerly was an Imperial Japanese Army officer who was a member of a cadet line of the Japanese imperial family and husband of Emperor Hirohito's eldest daughter.
Morihiro Higashikuni | Introduction
During the opening ceremony for a new athletic field at Dublon, Mori was awarded the 8th class of the Order of the Sacred Treasure. In the Second World War, Mori provided assistance to the Japanese government for the country's war effort. At the persuasion of Mori's family, many Chuukese offered their services to the Japanese government. A few of his grandsons also served in the army, and Mori's sons and grandsons were instrumental in protecting the islanders' food resources from petty theft during the war. Mori himself suffered a stroke in 1942, and was left paralysed in the right side of his body.
Mori Koben | Japanese colonial-era (1914-1945)
In 1590, Toyotomi Hideyoshi seized Odawara Castle and compelled the Tōhoku-region "daimyōs" to participate in the campaign. Although Masamune refused Hideyoshi's demands at first, he had no real choice in the matter since Hideyoshi was the virtual ruler of Japan. Masamune still delayed, infuriating Hideyoshi. Expecting to be executed, Masamune, wearing his finest clothes and showing no fear, faced his angry overlord. Not wanting further trouble, Hideyoshi spared his life, saying that "He could be of some use." In 1591, Masamune forfeited the ancestral land of the Date Clan (present day Date City, Kawamata, Koori, and Kunimi) to Hideyoshi, causing widespread riots.
Date Masamune | Service under Hideyoshi
He was also appointed to a seat in the House of Peers in the Diet of Japan. From 10 December 1954 to 19 March 1955, Ōmura served as Director-General for the Japan Defense Agency under the first Hatoyama administration.
Seiichi Ōmura | Biography
During his brief stay in Nagoya Castle in what is today Saga Prefecture, on Kyūshū, Hideyoshi memorized the "shite" (lead roles) parts of ten Noh plays, which he then performed, forcing various "daimyōs" to accompany him onstage as the "waki" (secondary, accompanying role). He even performed before the emperor.
Toyotomi Hideyoshi | Death of Sen no Rikyū
He was appointed Minister of Communications in 1945. Between January 1950 and June 1951, he was purged from public service. Later, he assumed the post of the President of Tokai University, which was constructed based on the schools established earlier. In 1952, he was elected a member of the Lower House of the Japanese Parliament and served for 17 years belonging to the Socialist Party. In 1966, he established a cultural exchange system "Nihon Taigai Bunka Kyokai" at the request of Soviet Russia, and assumed the post of its president. He boasted that he could talk to the Chief Secretary personally by telephone.
Shigeyoshi Matsumae | Life
After a struggle between Toyotomi Hideyoshi, who led his army as a general of Oda Nobunaga, the two sides made peace and Mōri remained as a daimyō who kept five provinces in Chūgoku.
Mōri clan | Sengoku period
He was discharged from the army shortly after Japan surrendered. He later enlisted in the United States Army Reserve.
Hiroshi H. Miyamura | World War II
He returned to the Asian mainland in 1941 as Vice Chief of Staff of the 6th Army in Manchukuo, and was promoted to Chief of Staff in 1942. From 1943 to 1944 he served as Deputy Commander of the Kempeitai, and from 1944 to 1945 as Chief of Staff of the 19th Army. Mori was promoted to the rank of lieutenant general in 1945. On 7 April 1945, Mori became commander of the 1st Imperial Guards Division, the prestigious division assigned direct responsibility for protection of the Imperial Family of Japan.
Takeshi Mori (commander) | Biography
Vice Admiral , Imperial Japanese Navy, (date of rank 1 May 1944) was the Inspector General of munitions, Kinki district, Tokyo, at the end of World War II.
Matsuo Morizumi | Introduction
He was a member of the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters. He died of multiple organ failure on 6 October 2010.
Morikazu Toda | Career
The statue was moved to its current location at the Mōri family home in Bofu, Yamaguchi Prefecture.
Hayashi Narinaga | Diplomat between Mori and Hideyoshi (1582)
His father was Nishimura Magobei (西村 孫兵衛, other name: 森 長意 Mori Nagamoto). Since his ancestor's generations, the Mori family worked as Shinto priests at Kawauchi province. He was born as Mori Dennosuke (森 傅之丞). The child Dennosuke was decided since his childhood that he would be the Konishi's retainer in a line length. For the time, Korea sent troops to the line length, carrying a lot of luggage crossing the sea. However, the ship wrecked and was saved by the Southerner, the Dutches picked it up for 6–7 years of spending. Afterwards, China inserted the mausoleum for gunpowders, due to a surgical treatment, instructed in confusion with the fire attack.
Mori Sōiken | Outline
Before death, Mori Motonari had declared himself no friend to Nobunaga, and the young Terumoto openly challenged Nobunaga. It happened that the Môri were to be drawn into war over the Ishiyama Hongan-ji War, a religious stronghold in Settsu Nobunaga had been besieging since 1570. Terumoto turned to the vaunted Môri navy. In 1576, First Battle of Kizugawaguchi Nobunaga's 'admiral', Kuki Yoshitaka, had cut the Honganji's sea-lanes and sat in blockade off the coast. Terumoto ordered his fleet, commanded by Murakami Takeyoshi, to make for the waters off Settsu and, once there, the navy inflicted an embarrassing defeat on Kuki and opened the Honganji's supply lines.
Mōri Terumoto | Conflict with Nobunaga
Adams also received the title of "hatamoto" (bannerman), a high-prestige position as a direct retainer in the "shōgun"s court. He was provided with generous revenues: "For the services that I have done and do daily, being employed in the Emperor's service, the Emperor has given me a living". (Letters) He was granted a fief in Hemi () within the boundaries of present-day Yokosuka City, "with eighty or ninety husbandmen, that be my slaves or servants". (Letters) His estate was valued at 250 "koku". He finally wrote "God hath provided for me after my great misery", (Letters) by which he meant the disaster-ridden voyage that initially brought him to Japan.
Samurai | Foreign samurai
With these preparations thus made, Hidemoto and his supporters led the initial Japanese offensive within the Korean province of Gyeongsang. They marched towards Jeonju after assaulting Busan, taking both Sacheon and Changpyong. Following this campaign, Hidemoto obtained a far greater power when he was made the governor of Suō and Nagato Provinces, which he held up until the decisive Sekigahara Campaign of 1600. He married daughter of Toyotomi Hidenaga later Daizen-in.
Mōri Hidemoto | Life
In 1882, he was sent to France as aide-de-camp to Prince Kan'in Kotohito and was appointed a military attaché the following year. He remained in France for studies until 1886. On his return to Japan, he was appointed deputy secretary to the Minister of the Army. In 1887, he became commandant of the Army Academy. In 1891, he was chief of staff to the IJA 1st Division and in 1892 was Chief of the First Bureau (Operations) of the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff.
Terauchi Masatake | Military career
In Eiroku-9 (1566), at age 19, Yasumasa had his coming-of-age ritual, and soon after, he and Honda Tadakatsu were made "hatamoto" by Ieyasu, and each granted command of 50 cavalrymen. From that point on, they would function as Ieyasu's "hatamoto" unit commanders. Yasumasa battled at Anegawa in 1570, Mikatagahara in 1573, along with the Nagashino in 1575. When Ieyasu chose to defy Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Yasumasa still served under Ieyasu, suggesting the region of Komaki would be suitable for the ensuing campaign. Yasumasa was given the title of "'Shikibu-Shō'", when accompanying Ieyasu to Osaka to meet with Hideyoshi. After the Tokugawa moved to the Kantō region, he was to have a team responsible for the allocation of fiefs.
Sakakibara Yasumasa | Service under Ieyasu
Lieutenant General commanded the Japanese Empire's First Imperial Guards Division at the very end of World War II. He was murdered by Major Kenji Hatanaka during the Kyūjō Incident.
Takeshi Mori (commander) | Introduction
He became a member of Emperor Meiji's personal guard in 1870 and travelled with the Emperor to Tokyo. He left military service in 1871 to pursue language studies, but was recalled with the formation the fledgling Imperial Japanese Army in 1871 and was commissioned as a second lieutenant after attending the Army's Toyama School. He was appointed to the staff of the new Imperial Japanese Army Academy in 1873. he fought in the Satsuma Rebellion in 1877 and was injured and lost his right hand during the Battle of Tabaruzaka. His physical disability did not prove to be an impediment to his future military and political career.
Terauchi Masatake | Military career
For a while he ran a restaurant in Fukuoka where his wife's parents' home was, but thereafter closed it and worked as a security guard in Kyushu.
Susanoumi Yoshitaka | Post-retirement activities
Following the 1583 Battle of Shizugatake, he was made a "yoriki-daimyō" under Niwa Nagahide and transferred to Daishō-ji in Kaga Province with a "kokudaka" of 44,000 "koku". In 1585, following Niwa Nagahide's death, Hideyoshi recognized him as an independent "daimyō", and the following year he changed his name from Sadakatsu to Hidekatsu. During the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598), he was assigned to the guard at Hideyoshi's headquarters at Nagoya Castle in Hizen Province and in 1598 was transferred to Shibata Domain in Echigo Province with an increase in "kokudaka" to 60,000 "koku". He sided with the Eastern Army in the Battle of Sekigahara and was thus confirmed in his holdings by the Tokugawa shogunate.
Mizoguchi Hidekatsu | Biography
The situation in Kyoto was very unsettled, and Matsumoto befriended "Shinsengumi" leader Kondō Isami and rendered medical assistance to them. During the Second Chōshū expedition of 1866, he served as personal physician to the 14th Tokugawa "shōgun", Tokugawa Iemochi. During the Boshin War of the Meiji Restoration, he volunteered his services as an army medic accompanying the infantry supporting the Shogunate. After the Battle of Aizu in 1868, he made his way to Sendai, and enlisted with the Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei. Briefly imprisoned after the war by the new Meiji government, he was released through the efforts of Yamagata Aritomo, who asked him to help develop the medical corps of the fledgling Imperial Japanese Army.
Matsumoto Jun (physician) | Biography
The Japanese government honoured him with a Medal of Honor with Purple Ribbon in 1982 and the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure in 1997; he was posthumously granted the third degree of precedence in official rank in 2007. When speaking, Sekimoto invariably credits his mentor, Koji Kobayashi—also an engineer who served as president and then chairman of NEC, for inspiring him to pursue his interests. Sekimoto was lately active in promoting research on relations between Japan and other countries and ways to solve Japan's own social problems through his role at the IISE.
Tadahiro Sekimoto | Recognition for accomplishments
Count , was a politician, and wartime cabinet minister in the Empire of Japan. He was the eldest son of famed Russo-Japanese War general Kodama Gentarō, and his wife was the daughter of Prime Minister Terauchi Masatake.
Hideo Kodama | Introduction
He studied Chuan Fa in China as well as other martial arts and brought what he learned back to Okinawa.
Matsumura Sōkon | Royal Service
, formerly known as . He was a half-brother of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, one of the most powerful and significant warlords of Japan's Sengoku period. He was also known by his court title, . He promoted Tōdō Takatora to chief engineer. He led Hideyoshi's vanguard force a few years later into Satsuma Province, contributing heavily to his half-brother's victories in gaining control of Kyūshū. Hidenaga was awarded the provinces of Kii, Izumi and Yamato, reaching a governance of one million "koku". He was regarded as Hideyoshi's brain and right-arm. He died in Kōriyama, Yamato Province (now Nara Prefecture), and his tomb is called .
Toyotomi Hidenaga | Introduction
He is the current Policy adviser to the Japanese Defens.e Minister He was the first non-politician defense minister of Japan and third defense minister appointed to the Noda cabinet. Morimoto is affiliated to the traditionalist lobby Nippon Kaigi.
Satoshi Morimoto | Career
Lieutenant Commander Hidaka survived the war and later served in Japan Self-Defense Forces. He was also a test pilot for Fuji Heavy Industries.
Moriyasu Hidaka | Later career
While Ukon resisted the edict and lost his status, Yoshitaka gave up his new religion and adopted a monk's habit, calling himself "Josui" (如水). Like Naitō Joan (who took his name from Portuguese João), it is believed that Yoshitaka chose his new name from "Josué", the Portuguese version of "Joshua". His most prominent act during his short time as a Christian was his arrangement to save a Jesuit mission from Bungo when the Christian "daimyō" of that province, Ōtomo Sōrin, was under attack from the Shimazu clan.
Kuroda Yoshitaka | Continued Service under Hideyoshi
The situation was changed when Toyotomi Hideyoshi reunified Japan. Once he became the ruler of Japan, Hideyoshi began to pay attention to external threats, particularly the expansion of European power in East Asia. The turning point for Catholic missions was the San Felipe incident, where in an attempt to recover his cargo, the Spanish captain of a shipwrecked trading vessel claimed that the missionaries were there to prepare Japan for conquest. These claims made Hideyoshi suspicious of the foreign religion. He attempted to curb Catholicism while maintaining good trading relations with Portugal and Spain, which might have provided military support to Dom Justo Takayama, a Christian "daimyō" in western Japan.
Kirishitan | Toyotomi Hideyoshi and the Christian "daimyōs"
Continuing to serve in the Hideki Tojo administration, he pushed strongly for the creation of the Ministry of Greater East Asia, of which he expected to become the cabinet minister. However, Tojo selected career bureaucrat Kazuo Aoki instead, and Suzuki resigned as Minister of State, and became a member of the Upper House of the Diet of Japan in October 1943.
Teiichi Suzuki | Wartime political career
He held the generals in contempt, and they sided with Tokugawa Ieyasu. Hideyoshi's underage son and designated successor Hideyori lost the power his father once held, and Tokugawa Ieyasu was declared "shōgun" following the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600.
Toyotomi Hideyoshi | Death
On his return to Japan, he was assigned to various staff positions, and became a major in December 1891. He returned to China again as a military attaché attached to the Japanese embassy in Beijing from 1892–1894. With the outbreak of the 1894–95 First Sino-Japanese War, he was a staff officer attached to Japanese Second Army. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel at the end of the war, and then to full colonel in 1897 when he assumed command of the 3rd Imperial Guard Regiment.
Kamio Mitsuomi | Biography
He served three generations of the army of Minamoto no Sanetomo at Tsurugaoka Hachimangū. He took the name Mōri after the name of his estate in Sagami Province. He fought in the Jōkyū War in 1221. His wife was a daughter of Miura Yasumura and he fought with the Miura clan against the Hōjō clan. In 1223 he became an official surveyor for the Kamakura shogunate. He was defeated by Hōjō Tokiyori in 1247 and committed suicide ("seppuku") at Minamoto no Yoritomo's shrine ("hokkedō") along with his Miura allies. His grave ("yagura") is in Kamakura, only a few hundred yards from the grave of Minamoto no Yoritomo along with his father and Shimazu Tadahisa who founded the Shimazu clan.
Mōri Suemitsu | Introduction
Mori reinforcements led by Mōri Terumoto arrived to relieve the siege, prompting Hideyoshi to ask for reinforcements from Nobunaga, who promptly ordered his leading generals to prepare their armies, with the overall expedition to be led by Nobunaga. Nobunaga left Azuchi Castle for Honnō-ji, a temple in Kyoto he frequented when visiting the city, where he was to hold a tea ceremony. Hence, Nobunaga only had 30 pages with him, while his son Oda Nobutada had brought 2000 of his cavalrymen. Akechi Mitsuhide, stationed in the Chūgoku region, decided to assassinate Nobunaga for unknown reasons, and the cause of his betrayal is controversial.
Oda Nobunaga | Death
He was the son of 11th "daimyō" Mōri Narimoto and a concubine. He employed Murata Seifū, Tsuboi Kuemon and Sufu Masanosuke as reformers of the economy and administration in his domain. Events during his reign include the Bombardment of Shimonoseki, the Ikedaya Incident, the Kinmon incident, the First Chōshū expedition and Second Chōshū expedition, the Satchō Alliance and the Boshin War.
Mōri Takachika | Introduction
To a greater or lesser extent, Terumoto followed his late grandfather's instructions. Aside from skirmishes on Kyushu and gradual penetration further east, the first years of Terumoto's rule passed quietly.
Mōri Terumoto | Early life
Hideyoshi has been romanticized to have said the following for Yoshitsugu at this time, "Give me a million troops and I would love to see him guide them." Once the Battle of Shizugatake commenced, Yoshitsugu was said to have taken part within the Toyotomi ranks. What he did—if anything—is scattered among legends and folklore. One account states that he was the one who used his wits to convince Katsutoyo to surrender prior to the battle. Yet another tale depicts him as a brave warrior in the front lines, who performed many deeds with his magnificent spear. The "Hitosuyanagi Kaki" is famous for stating that Hideyoshi offered immense praise to both Yoshitsugu and Mitsunari for the battle, stating particularly for Yoshitsugu, "Ōtani Keimatsu was the participant who was excellent since the first move." However, this statement does not appear in other historical texts, so it is possible the quote is entirely fictional.
Ōtani Yoshitsugu | Service under Hideyoshi
This effectively means that Masayuki now responds to Tokugawa Ieyasu in all military matters. The following year, 1587, sees Masayuki travelling to Sunpu to meet with Tokugawa Ieyasu. Then, he goes to Osaka to be received in audience by Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and thus formally become a vassal of the Toyotomi regime.
Sanada Masayuki | Under Toyotomi regime
Born in Owari Province, Masaie served Niwa Nagahide who was a retainer of the Oda clan. Because the domain of the Niwa clan was badly reduced after Hashiba Hideyoshi (Toyotomi Hideyoshi) ended the Sengoku period by reunifying Japan, Masaie served him and was given the rule of Minakuchi, Ōmi Province. Hideyoshi congratulated Masaie on arithmetical faculty and appointed him as one of the Go-Bugyō. After Hideyoshi died in 1600, Masaie and Ishida Mitsunari who was also one of the Go-Bugyō, put up Mōri Terumoto and raised their army to Tokugawa Ieyasu. At the battle of Sekigahara, Masaie lined their army on Nangu-san with Mōri Hidemoto and Kikkawa Hiroie.
Natsuka Masaie | Introduction
These "daimyō" had also all served under Hideyoshi for many years in his house administration. Even before the creation of the council, Hideyoshi treated the five differently from other "daimyō". One of the reason was the absence of a "Toritsugi" (Japanese: ). "Toritsugi" acted as mediators that went between the "daimyō" to help with the communication of orders. This allowed each "daimyō" to talk directly to Hideyoshi, and it also meant that Hideyoshi would not intervene in the business of the "daimyō" in ruling their own domain. For the , Ishida Mitsunari was appointed as the "toritsugi," which also meant that Mitsunari and/or Toyotomi had power to intervene in Shimazu’s domain.
Council of Five Elders | Choosing the council
was the 6th "daimyō" of Moriyama Domain. He was the sixth son of Matsudaira Yorinobu and his mother was a daughter of Matsudaira Yorihisa of Hitachi-Fuchū Domain. He became "daimyō" on the death of his father in 1862. From 1864, the Mito rebellion created severe disturbances within the domain. Although he was a signatory to the Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei, he refused demands to supply troops, and instead surrendered without a battle to the forces of the Satchō Alliance. He participated in the attack on Nihonmatsu Domain and was awarded with 9300 "koku" in 1869 and was named imperial governor by the new Meiji government, He retired due to ill-health a few months later.
Moriyama Domain | Matsudaira Yorinori
In 1586 Toyotomi Hideyoshi sent a letter of thanks to his army in Chikuzen Province during the Kyūshū Campaign. It was addressed to several daimyō and generals who had succeeded in a great victory attacking a castle. One of the people he addressed was Hayashi Tosa-no-kami Narinaga (林土佐守就長) meaning at this time he held the title "Tosa-no-kami" (an honorary court office) but it is unknown when he had received it. In 1587 he was part of Mōri Terumoto's Mapping Committee (毛利輝元 惣国検地) which he worked with until 1591. In 1588 it is recorded that Hayashi Tosa-no-kami is promoted to the position where he receives direct orders from Hideyoshi on strategies in Kyūshū.
Hayashi Narinaga | Hideyoshi's Kyūshū Campaign (1586–1587)
In particular, two key imperial household officials in the early post-war period, Ogane Masujiro, the Grand Chamberlain, and Susumu Katō, Vice-Minister of Imperial Household, relinquished their offices. In the reshuffle, Hayashi succeeded Katō on 2 August 1948. By the time when he left the post in 1950, he had become a confidant of Emperor Showa, making him one of the few people who had the privilege to see and talk to the Emperor.
Keizō Hayashi | Civil service career
This was also a new organization, raised in Yongsan District, Korea, and was assigned to 1st Army as a garrison force in Japanese-occupied Shanxi] Province. From March to November 1941, he was Chief of Staff of the Japanese Northern China Area Army.
Moritake Tanabe | Military Career
He returned to Japan in March 1918, and was private secretary to Army Minister Ōshima Ken'ichi from July 1918 to July 1919, when was promoted to lieutenant colonel. Tatekawa was assigned as the official Imperial Japanese Army representative to the Japanese delegation at the League of Nations between July 1920 and December 1922. After his return to Japan Tatekawa was assigned command of the IJA 1st Cavalry Regiment in December 1922 and of the IJA 5th Cavalry Regiment from March 1923. He was promoted to colonel in August of the sam year. In December 1924, he was made head of the 2nd Bureau, 4th Department (European and American Intelligence Service) of the General Staff.
Yoshitsugu Tatekawa | Early military career
Mitsunari was a leader of bureaucrats in Hideyoshi's government, and was known for his unbending character. Though he had many friends, he was on bad terms with some "daimyōs" that were known as good warriors, including Hideyoshi's relatives Kuroda Nagamasa and Hachisuka Iemasa. Additionally, the young warrior Kobayakawa Hideaki developed a grudge against Mitsunari as a result of rumors spread by Tokugawa Ieyasu. Toward the end of Taiko Hideyoshi's life, Hideyoshi ordered the execution of his heir Hidetsugu and the execution of his family, leaving his new heir to be the extremely young child Toyotomi Hideyori. After Hideyoshi's death, the conflicts in the court worsened.
Ishida Mitsunari | Sekigahara Campaign
Yukawa served in the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs during World War II and took part in the Japanese official delegation that met US General Douglas MacArthur in Manila on August 19, 1945, in order to make arrangements for the Japanese surrender. During the 1950s, he served as head of the Bureau of Economic Affairs in the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and in that capacity tried to negotiate his country's accession to GATT. He represented Japan at the UNESCO General Session in 1953. Later, he served as Ambassador to the Philippines, and in that capacity concluded the Treaty of Amity of December 9, 1960.
Morio Yukawa | Introduction
Matsumoto served as Japanese Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs at the Cabinet of General Hideki Tōjō in 1942, and Japanese Ambassador to French Indochina from November 1944 to March 1945, shortly before the Japanese authorities took actual control of the area. On March 9, 1945, served French Governor-General Jean Decoux the ultimatum demanding the surrender of the French forces to the Japanese authorities. Returned himself to Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs at the Cabinet of Admiral Kantarō Suzuki in 1945, at the time of surrender. In this position, he advocated the acceptance of the Potsdam Declaration. He was the first Japanese Ambassador to the United Kingdom following the reestablishing of diplomatic relations after the Second World War, serving in that position in 1952-1955.
Shunichi Matsumoto | Diplomatic career
was the 1st "daimyō" of Nukada Domain in Hitachi Province. He was the fourth son of Tokugawa Narifusa of Mito Domain and was thus a grandson of Shōgun Tokugawa Ieyasu. His elder brother was the famous Mito Mitsukuni. who created the 20,000 "koku" domain for him in 1661. He was a noted "waka" poet and master of the Japanese tea ceremony. His wife was a daughter of Ogasawara Tadazane. He died in 1693.
Moriyama Domain | Matsudaira Yorimoto
As a result of joining Hideyoshi, Hirokado was completely restored of his domain at Chikuzen. Hirokado served under Kobayakawa Takakage during the Korean Campaigns. During the Battle of Sekigahara, Hirokado joined up the western forces, fighting at the Ōtsu Castle. Afterwards Hirokado was deprived of his domain, but became an honored retainer under the likes of Katō Kiyomasa.
Tsukushi Hirokado | Introduction
Unable to face Tokiyori, Seitō Morihide decided to remain in Tsugaru. His descendants became great landholders. In the Meiji period, Seitō Moriyoshi served as village mayor and founded the Aomori Commercial Bank and Onoe Bank, and eventually became president of Onoe Bank. The garden remains in the hands of his descendants, but is open to the public.
Seibi-en | Overview
Sanada returned to the Army Ministry in December 1944 as head of the Military Service Bureau. In March 1945, Sanada was attached to the staff of the Western District Army and became deputy chief-of-staff of the IJA Second General Army in April 1945. After the surrender of Japan, he remained on the staff of the Military Service Bureau, overseeing demobilization, until his retirement in December 1945.
Joichiro Sanada | Biography
Thereafter, he successively served as ambassador to Qing Dynasty China, Senior Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs, ambassador to Great Britain, member of "Sanjiin" (legislative advisory council) and Education Ministry official.
Mori Arinori | Meiji statesman
, also known as Hori Kyūtarō (堀 久太郎), was a samurai retainer of Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi during Japan's Sengoku period. He was one of Hideyoshi's greatest generals, and commanded his forces in several of his more important battles.
Hori Hidemasa | Introduction
Matsumoto was born in Tokyo to an ex-samurai family. He graduated from Tokyo Imperial University, was accepted into the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce as a bureaucrat, before returning to Tokyo Imperial University as an assistant professor in 1903. He travelled to Europe from 1906 to 1909 for further studies, and returned to Tokyo Imperial University in 1910 as a full professor. In 1919, Matsumoto accepted a post on the board of directors of the South Manchurian Railway Company, and eventually rose to the position of Vice-President. From 1923, under the second Yamamoto and the Kiyoura administrations, he served as Assistant Director-General of the Cabinet Legislation Bureau.
Jōji Matsumoto | Introduction
Obituary; Oct 6, 1944, The New York Times pg. 23 Joseph C. Grew, "Ten years in Japan" p 69 ASIN: B0006ER51M
Tōyama Mitsuru | References
Manjirō detailed his travels in a report to the Tokugawa Shogunate, which is kept today at the Tokyo National Museum. On July 8, 1853, when Commodore Matthew Perry's Black Ships arrived to force the opening of Japan, Manjirō became an interpreter and translator for the Shogunate and was instrumental in negotiating the Convention of Kanagawa. However, it appears that he did not contact the Americans directly at that time. In 1860, Nakahama Manjirō participated in the Japanese Embassy to the United States (1860). He was appointed translator on board "Kanrin Maru", Japan's first screw-driven steam warship, purchased from the Dutch.
Nakahama Manjirō | Service as "hatamoto"
On Matsuoka's return to Japan in 1902, he attempted to gain admission to Tokyo Imperial University, but was unsuccessful due to his lack of connections and the lack of acceptance of his studies overseas by the Tokyo University Law School. In 1904, Matsuoka decided to pursue a career as a bureaucrat instead, and passed the Foreign Service examinations and was accepted into the Foreign Ministry. Within two years, he was appointed vice-consul at the Japanese consulate in Shanghai. He was subsequently attached to the Governor-General of the Kwantung Leased Territory, where he became acquainted with Gotō Shinpei, then president of the South Manchuria Railway and Yamamoto Jōtarō, then working for Mitsui in developing the natural resources of Manchuria.
Yōsuke Matsuoka | Foreign service
During the Seven-Year Korean War, he is noted for the defeat of a much larger Ming army at the battle of Ulsan castle. In the Battle of Sekigahara on 1600, Hiroie judged that the Tokugawa side would win. However, as one of the five leading elders of the Toyotomi government, Mōri Terumoto and several of the Mōri clan's retainers was supportive of the pro-Toyotomi forces led by Ishida Mitsunari. In order to ensure the survival of the clan, Hiroie made a secret pact with the Tokugawa side through Kuroda Nagamasa, promising to Mōri neutrality during the battle in exchange for guarantees of the existing Mōri domains.
Kikkawa Hiroie | Introduction