On 2 January 1954, a press communiqué was released from the office of the secretary to the President announcing the creation of two civilian awards—Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award, and the three-tier Padma Vibhushan, classified into "Pahela Warg" (Class I), "Dusra Warg" (Class II), and "Tisra Warg" (Class III), which rank below the Bharat Ratna. On 15 January 1955, the Padma Vibhushan was reclassified into three different awards; the Padma Vibhushan, the highest of the three, followed by the Padma Bhushan and the Padma Shri. There is no formal provision that recipients of the Bharat Ratna should be Indian citizens.
History
Bharat Ratna
Bharat Ratna | History
2 January 1954 2 January 1954 2 January 1954 1954
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On 2 January 1954, a press communiqué was released from the office of the secretary to the President announcing the creation of two civilian awards—Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award, and the three-tier Padma Vibhushan, classified into "Pahela Warg" (Class I), "Dusra Warg" (Class II), and "Tisra Warg" (Class III), which rank below the Bharat Ratna. On 15 January 1955, the Padma Vibhushan was reclassified into three different awards; the Padma Vibhushan, the highest of the three, followed by the Padma Bhushan and the Padma Shri. There is no formal provision that recipients of the Bharat Ratna should be Indian citizens.
Bharat Ratna | History
The seventh Prime Minister Vishwanath Pratap Singh was criticised for posthumously honouring B. R. Ambedkar to please the Dalits. The posthumous conferments of the award on the recipients who died before the Indian independence in 1947 or the award was instituted in 1954 have been criticised by historians. It was noted that such conferments could lead to more demands to honour people like Maurya Emperor Ashoka, Mughal Emperor Akbar, Maratha Emperor Shivaji, Nobel Laureate Rabindranath Tagore, Hindu spiritualist Swami Vivekananda, and independence activist Bal Gangadhar Tilak. The then Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao (1991–96) was criticised for bestowing the award upon Vallabhbhai Patel in 1991, 41 years after his death in 1950; and upon Subhas Chandra Bose in 1992, who died in 1945.
Bharat Ratna | Criticism
The Bharat Ratna, along with other personal civil honours, was briefly suspended from July 1977 to January 1980, during the change in the national government; and for a second time from August 1992 to December 1995, when several public-interest litigations challenged the constitutional validity of the awards. In 1992, the government's decision to confer the award posthumously on Subhas Chandra Bose was opposed by those who had refused to accept the fact of his death, including some members of his extended family. Following a 1997 Supreme Court decision, the press communiqué announcing Bose's award was cancelled; it is the only time when the award was announced but not conferred.
Bharat Ratna | Introduction
There is no monetary grant associated with the award. Bharat Ratna recipients rank seventh in the Indian order of precedence. The first recipients of the Bharat Ratna were: the last Governor-General of the Dominion of India – C. Rajagopalachari, second President and the first Vice President of India – Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, and Nobel Prize Laureate, Physicist C. V. Raman; who were honoured in 1954. Since then, the award has been bestowed upon 48 individuals, including 16 who were awarded posthumously. The original statutes did not provide for posthumous awards but were amended in January 1955 to permit them. Former Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri became the first individual to be honoured posthumously.
Bharat Ratna | Introduction
The Bharat Ratna (; "Jewel of India") is the highest civilian award of the Republic of India. Instituted on 2 January 1954, the award is conferred in recognition of "exceptional service/performance of the highest order", without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex. The award was originally limited to achievements in the arts, literature, science, and public services, but the government expanded the criteria to include "any field of human endeavour" in December 2011. The recommendations for the Bharat Ratna are made by the Prime Minister to the President, with a maximum of three nominees being awarded per year. The recipients receive a "Sanad" (certificate) signed by the President and a peepal leaf-shaped medallion.
Bharat Ratna | Introduction
He was awarded Bharat Ratna on 4 February 1961, India's highest civilian honour.
Bidhan Chandra Roy | Introduction
It has been awarded to a naturalised Indian citizen, Mother Teresa in 1980, and to two non-Indians, Abdul Ghaffar Khan of Pakistan in 1987 and the former South African president Nelson Mandela in 1990. M. S. Subbulakshmi from Tamil Nadu became the first musician to receive the honour. Sachin Tendulkar, at the age of 40, became the youngest person and first sportsperson to receive the honour. In a special ceremony on 18 April 1958, Dhondo Keshav Karve was awarded on his 100th birthday. , the award has been conferred upon 45 people with 12 posthumous declarations. The award was briefly suspended twice in its history.
Bharat Ratna | History
The Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award of the country, was instituted in the year 1954. Any person without distinction of race, occupation, position, gender or religion is eligible for this award. It is awarded in recognition of exceptional service or performance of the highest order in any field of human endeavour. On conferment of the award, the recipient receives a "Sanad" (certificate) signed by the President and a medallion.
Orders, decorations, and medals of India | Bharat Ratna
The Uttarakhand Ratna award was constituted by former Chief Minister of Uttarakhand Harish Rawat in 2016, on the occasion of 16th anniversary of Uttarakhand State Foundation Day which falls on 9 November each year.
Uttarakhand Ratna | History
Saghir Ahmad. On 15 December 1995, the Special Division Bench restored the awards and delivered a judgement that the "Bharat Ratna and Padma awards are not titles under Article 18 of the Constitution".
Bharat Ratna | Civilian awards as "Titles" (1992)
Similarly in 2015, the Prime Minister Narendra Modi's decision to award Madan Mohan Malaviya, who died in 1946, met with criticism. A few of the conferments have been criticised for honouring personalities only after they received global recognition. The award for Mother Teresa was announced in 1980, a year after she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Satyajit Ray received an Academy Honorary Award in 1992 followed by the Bharat Ratna the same year. In 1999, Amartya Sen was awarded the Bharat Ratna, a year after his 1998 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. The award was proposed by Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee to President K.
Bharat Ratna | Criticism
The petitioner requested the whereabouts of Bose from 18 August 1945 to date, based on the information collected by the 1956 Shah Nawaz Committee and the 1970 Khosla Commission. Bose's family members expressed their unwillingness to accept the award. To deliver the judgement, the Supreme Court formed a Special Division Bench with Judge Sujata V. Manohar and G. B. Pattanaik. The Solicitor General noted that to confer the award per the appropriate regulations pertaining to the Bharat Ratna, Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan, and Padma Shri, the name of the recipient must be published in "The Gazette of India" and entered in the recipients register maintained under the direction of the President.
Bharat Ratna | Subhas Chandra Bose (1992)
The Bharat Ratna is conferred "in recognition of exceptional service/performance of the highest order", without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex. The award was originally confined to the arts, literature, science, and public services, as per the 1954 regulations. In December 2011, the rules were changed to include "any field of human endeavour". The 1954 statutes did not allow posthumous awards, but this was subsequently modified in the January 1955 statute, and Lal Bahadur Shastri became the first recipient to be honoured posthumously in 1966. Although there is no formal nomination process, recommendations for the award can only be made by the Prime Minister to the President with a maximum number of three nominees being awarded per year.
Bharat Ratna | Regulations
The first suspension occurred after Morarji Desai was sworn in as the fourth Prime Minister in 1977. His government withdrew all personal civil honours on 13 July 1977. The suspension was rescinded on 25 January 1980, after Indira Gandhi became the Prime Minister. The civilian awards were suspended again in mid-1992, when two Public-Interest Litigations were filed, one in the Kerala High Court and another in the Madhya Pradesh High Court, challenging the "constitutional validity" of the awards. The awards were reintroduced by the Supreme Court in December 1995, following the conclusion of the litigation.
Bharat Ratna | History
The award was established by Kendriya Hindi Sansthan in 1989 on the name of the great Tamil writer Subramanya Bharathi. It was first awarded in the year 1989 to "Dr. Prabhakar Machwe", "Dr. Wrajeshhwar Verma", "Dr. Hardev Bahri", "Dr. N.A. Nagappa", "Prof. Ram Singh Tomar", "Dr. Bhakt Darshan", "Dr. P. Gopal Sharma" and "Sri Mangalnath Singh".
Subramanyam Bharti Award | History
In 2012 the Award was renamed as the 'Sansad Ratna Award'. The Award ceremony was held in April and was hosted by the Indian Institute of Technology Madras. Mr Gopalkrishna Gandhi, former Governor of West Bengal and grandson of Mahatma Gandhi presented the Awards. Mr Anandrao Vithoba Adsul, Mr Hansraj Gangaram Ahir, Mr Arjun Ram Meghwal and Mr S. Ramasubbu were the recipients of the Sansad Ratna Award.
Sansad Ratna Award | Sansad Ratna Award 2012
"Raj Ratna" awards were given by rulers of the mostly Hindu princely states of India to distinguished citizens of their kingdoms. The title was bestowed with a gold coin medallion. The second-highest civilian award was the Raj Bhushan (literally "Ornament of the Raj"), which was given with a silver coin medallion. The titles and awards of "Raj Ratna" and "Raj Bhushan" came to an end around 1949, with the amalgamation of almost all of the princely states into the Dominion of India. The highest civilian award in modern India is the Bharat Ratna, followed by the Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan, and Padma Shri.
Raj Ratna | History
The award was promulgated on Independence Day in 1972.
Rattan Nath Sharma | Military career
The Bharat Ratna has been surrounded by several controversies and multiple Public-Interest Litigations (PILs) had been filed against the conferral of the award. Jawaharlal Nehru has been targeted of awarding Bharat Ratna to himself while serving as Prime Minister of India in 1955. This claim is not completely true as the then President of India, Rajendra Prasad confessed to have decided to confer this award on Nehru "suo motu". Similar claims have been made with regards to his daughter Indira Gandhi but this accusation has also been found to be somewhat correct. Indira's son Rajiv Gandhi was awarded Bharat Ratna posthumously after he was assassinated by LTTE in 1991.
Bharat Ratna | Controversies
Former President of India ( Shri Pranab Mukharjee, Smt. Pratibha Devi Patil) former Prime Ministers of india ( Sri HD Devegowda, Dr. Manmohan Singh) and other eminent dignitaries were invited to give this award.
Hind Rattan | Introduction
The third recipient of the award was Amitabh Bachchan, an actor of Hindi Cinema. It was conferred on him on 20 November 2018 at Vadodara.
Sayaji Ratna Award | Third recipient
In 1992, two PILs were filed in the High Courts; one in the Kerala High Court on 13 February 1992 by Balaji Raghavan and another in the Madhya Pradesh High Court (Indore Bench) on 24 August 1992 by Satya Pal Anand. Both petitioners questioned the civilian awards being "Titles" per an interpretation of of the Constitution. On 25 August 1992, the Madhya Pradesh High Court issued a notice temporarily suspending all civilian awards. A Special Division Bench of the Supreme Court was formed comprising five judges; A. M. Ahmadi C. J., Kuldip Singh, B. P. Jeevan Reddy, N. P. Singh, and S.
Bharat Ratna | Civilian awards as "Titles" (1992)
The Government of India awarded him the third highest civilian honour of the Padma Bhushan, in 2009, for his contributions to science and technology.
Bhakta B. Rath | Introduction
The original 1954 specifications of the award was a circle made of gold in diameter with a centred sun burst design on the obverse side. The text "Bharat Ratna", in Devanagari Script, is inscribed on the upper edge in silver gilt with a wreath set along on the lower edge. A platinum State Emblem of India was placed in the center of the reverse side with the national motto, "Satyameva Jayate" in Devanagari Script (; lit. "Truth alone triumphs"), inscribed in silver-gilt on the lower edge. A year later, the design was modified. The current medal is in the shape of a peepal leaf, approximately long, wide and thick and rimmed in platinum.
Bharat Ratna | Specifications
in 1878 and Raja in 1888 by the British Government. Mitra had expressed displeasure about these awards.
Rajendralal Mitra | Honours
In 1955, Nehru was awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour. President Rajendra Prasad awarded him the honour without taking advice from the Prime Minister as would be the normal constitutional procedure.
Jawaharlal Nehru | Awards
However, in 1999, four individuals were awarded the honour. The recipient receives a "Sanad" (certificate) signed by the President and a medallion without any monetary grant. Usage of the title 'Bharat Ratna' as a prefix by the awardee is exempt from Article 18 (1) of the Constitution, as per the Supreme Court's precedent in Balaji Raghavan/S.P. Anand v. Union of India in 1995. Additionally, recipients may either use the expression "Awarded Bharat Ratna by the President" or "Recipient of Bharat Ratna Award" to indicate that they have been honoured with the award. The holders of the Bharat Ratna rank seventh in the Indian order of precedence.
Bharat Ratna | Regulations
Mr. T.S. Krishna Murthy and Mr N. Gopalaswami, both former Chief Election Commissioner of India presented the Awards on 1 May 2010. Mr Hansraj Gangaram Ahir and Mr S. Ramasubbu were the recipients of the Award. Former Indian President Mr APJ Abdul Kalam addressed the function via phone live from Delhi.
Sansad Ratna Award | UnSung Heroes Award 2010
H.K. Barpujari Award Vishwanath Kashinath Rajwade Award (for lifelong service and contribution to Indian history)
Indian History Congress | Awards
It was noted that only an announcement had been made by press communiqué, but the government had not proceeded to confer the award by publishing the name in the "Gazette" and entering the name in the register. Furthermore, the then presidents, Ramaswamy Venkataraman (1987–92) and Shankar Dayal Sharma (1992–97), had not conferred a "Sanad" (certificate) with their signature and seal. On 4 August 1997, the Supreme Court delivered an order that since the award had not been officially conferred, it cannot be revoked and declared that the press communiqué be treated as cancelled. The court declined to pass any judgement on the posthumous mention of Bose and his death.
Bharat Ratna | Subhas Chandra Bose (1992)
In 1988, then Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi (1984–89) conferred the Bharat Ratna posthumously on movie actor and former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, M. G. Ramachandran, in a bid to influence voters prior to the Tamil Nadu assembly elections in 1989. The decision was criticised for awarding Ramachandran before independence activist B. R. Ambedkar and Vallabhbhai Patel, who were bestowed the honour in 1990 and 1991, respectively. While Ravi Shankar was accused of lobbying for the award, the decision by Indira Gandhi to posthumously honour K. Kamaraj was considered to have been aimed at placating Tamil voters for the Tamil Nadu assembly elections in 1977.
Bharat Ratna | Criticism
"Raj Bhushan" awards were given by rulers of mostly Hindu Princely States of India to distinguished citizens of their kingdom. The title was bestowed upon with a Silver coin medallion. The next higher award was Raj Ratna, which was the highest award of Princely India. The title and awards of "Raj Ratna" & "Raj Bhushan" came to an end mostly by the end of year 1949 with the amalgamation of almost all Princely States into India and formation of the Republic of India However, the legacy, spirit and essence of these awards are being carried forward in independent India, by similar other prestigious awards like Bharat Ratna, Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri awarded by Government of India.
Raj Bhushan | History
Though, as per the statutes for the Bharat Ratna, the recommendations for the award can only be made by the Prime Minister to the President, there have been several demands from various political parties to honour their leaders. In January 2008, Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) leader L. K. Advani wrote to the then Prime Minister Manmohan Singh recommending Singh's predecessor Atal Bihari Vajpayee for the award. This was immediately followed by the Communist Party of India (Marxist) lobbying for their leader, Jyoti Basu, former Chief Minister of West Bengal. Basu, India's longest-serving chief minister at that time, said that he would decline the honour, even if awarded.
Bharat Ratna | Popular demands
Sangeet Ratna Award is given by the Government of Uttar Pradesh, which has been set up in the memory of Ustad Bismillah Khan in India.The award was announced by then Chief Minister, Mulayam Singh Yadav in 2006.
Sangeet Ratna Award | Introduction
However, in November 2013, cricketer Sachin Tendulkar became the first sports-person to receive the honour and this garnered much criticism for the government. A PIL was filed in the Karnataka High Court where in the petitioner requested the court to issue a direction to the Ministry of Home Affairs to consider their representation dated 26 October 2012 and confer the Bharat Ratna upon Mahatma Gandhi. On 27 January 2014, a counsel appearing for the petitioner noted that after multiple representations from the petitioner, they were provided with the information under RTI that the recommendations to confer the award on Gandhi have been received multiple times in the past and were forwarded to the Prime Minister's Office.
Bharat Ratna | Popular demands
Veteran octogenarian parliamentarian Mr Era Sezhiyan and Mr N Vittal presented the Awards in May 2011 to Mr Anandrao Vithoba Adsul, Mr Hansraj Gangaram Ahir and Mr S. Ramasubbu.
Sansad Ratna Award | UnSung Heroes Award 2011
In 2014, cricketer Sachin Tendulkar, then aged 40, became the youngest recipient; while social reformer Dhondo Keshav Karve was awarded on his 100th birthday. The first singer to be awarded Bharat Ratna was M. S. Subbulakshmi. Though usually conferred on India-born citizens, the Bharat Ratna has been awarded to one naturalised citizen – Mother Teresa, and to two non-Indians: Abdul Ghaffar Khan (born in British India and later citizen of Pakistan) and Nelson Mandela, born in and citizen of South Africa. On 25 January 2019, the government announced the award to social activist Nanaji Deshmukh (posthumously), singer-music director Bhupen Hazarika (posthumously) and to the former President of India, Pranab Mukherjee.
Bharat Ratna | Introduction
Ratan Tata received the Padma Bhushan in 2000 and Padma Vibhushan in 2008, the third and second highest civilian honours awarded by the Government of India. Other notable awards include:
Ratan Tata | Honours and awards
Baroda Management Association (BMA) has instituted a national level Sayaji Ratna Award in 2013 to mark the 151st birth anniversary of Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III, the erstwhile ruler of Baroda. BMA is an institution founded in 1957 in Vadodara and is an organization member of All India Management Association. This award is given annually to living legends of India. It recognizes the personality of the iconic character and outstanding contribution in the realms of business, sports, arts, humanity, education, governance and medicine. The jury selects a person whose life had demonstrated stellar qualities that Maharaja Sayajirao III imbibed and exhibited during his illustrious reign.
Sayaji Ratna Award | Sayaji Ratna Award (SRA Award)
First time following Rajasthanis were conferred award:- Except for Chundawat, Detha and Bhatt, the award was conferred posthumously.
Rajasthan Ratna | 2012
The award was first given in 1991 but the procedure of giving award was started in 1989.
Gangadhar National Award | History
He was awarded Bharat Ratna in 2019 (Posthumously) and Padma Vibhushan in 1999.
Nanaji Deshmukh | Appreciation and recognition
Rajiv Gandhi Khel-Ratna (2003) Arjuna Award (2000)
Anjali Bhagwat | Awards
Giri was honoured with India's highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna, in 1975 for his contributions in the area of public affairs. As president, Giri had suo motu conferred the Bharat Ratna on Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in 1972. Giri was in turn conferred the Bharat Ratna in 1975 on the recommendation of Prime Minister Gandhi, in an act seen as a quid pro quo measure. Giri was the fourth of the six Presidents of India to have been conferred the Bharat Ratna (viz. Rajendra Prasad, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, Zakir Husain, V.V. Giri, Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam and Pranab Mukherjee).
V. V. Giri | Bharat Ratna
On 2 January 1954, a press release was published from the office of the secretary to the President of India announcing the creation of two civilian awards—Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award, and the three-tier Padma Vibhushan, classified into "Pahela Varg" (Class I), "Dusra Varg" (Class II), and "Tisra Varg" (Class III), which rank below the Bharat Ratna. On 15 January 1955, the Padma Vibhushan was reclassified into three different awards: the Padma Vibhushan, the highest of the three, followed by the Padma Bhushan and the Padma Shri. The award, along with other personal civilian honours, was briefly suspended twice in its history.
Padma Bhushan | History
The award was established by Kendriya Hindi Sansthan in 1989 on the name of the Great Hindi Activist "Moturi Satyanarayana". It was first awarded in the year 2002 to "Shri. Harishankar 'Aadesh"'.
Padmabhushan Dr. Moturi Satyanarayan Award | History
The top 10 nominees have all received the Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award of the Republic of India.
The Greatest Indian | Top ten nominees
Since the year 2001, the award is given only in disciplines falling under the following categories:
Arjuna Award | History
He was awarded the Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak in 1933.
Ratnamanirao Jhote | Recognition
Following the announcement, in November 2013, that C. N. R. Rao and Sachin Tendulkar were to be awarded the Bharat Ratna, multiple PILs were filed challenging the conferring of the award. The PIL filed against Rao declared that other Indian scientists, such as Homi Bhabha and Vikram Sarabhai, had contributed more than Rao and his claim of publishing 1400 research papers was "physically impossible". The suit stated that as Rao had proven cases of plagiarism, he should not be presented with the award but rather should be annulled. The PIL filed against Tendulkar to the Election Commission under the Right to Information Act indicated that the awarding him the Bharat Ratna was a violation of the model code of conduct.
Bharat Ratna | C. N. R. Rao and Sachin Tendulkar (2013)
The Election Commission had held a referendum election in 2037 BS 1980 AD
Ratna Bahadur Bista | Introduction
The award was established by Kendriya Hindi Sansthan in 1989 on the name of the "Father of Hindi Travel Literature" "Mahapandit Rahul Sankrityayan". It was first awarded in 1993 to "Dr. Kamala Sankrityayan" & "Dr. Shyam Singh Rashi".
Mahapandit Rahul Sankrityayan Award | History
He was awarded the Ratna Darpan (excellence in media) in 2002.
D. B. Karnik | Awards
The award was established by Kendriya Hindi Sansthan in 1989 on the name of the Great Hindi Linguist & Freedom Fighter "Ganga Sharan Singh". It was first awarded in 1989.
Ganga Sharan Singh Award | History
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, C. Rajagopalachari, C. V. Raman, Bhagwan Das, Mokshagundam Visvesvarayya, Jawaharlal Nehru, Govind Ballabh Pant, Dhondo Keshav Karve, Bidhan Chandra Roy, Purushottam Das Tandon, Rajendra Prasad, Zakir Hussain, Pandurang Vaman Kane, Lal Bahadur Shastri, Indira Gandhi, V. V. Giri, K. Kamaraj, Mother Teresa, Acharya Vinoba Bhave, Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, M. G. Ramachandran, B. R. Ambedkar, Nelson Mandela, Rajiv Gandhi, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Morarji Desai, Abul Kalam Azad, J. R. D. Tata, Satyajit Ray, A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, Gulzarilal Nanda, Aruna Asaf Ali
Sare Jahan se Accha (drawing) | Bharat Ratna Laureates
In August 1984 Bharat Ratna Shri. Chidambaram Subramaniam along with Prof. P. S. Manisundaram the Vice-Chancellor of Bharathidasan University and Dr. V. Krishnamurthy, former Chairman of BHEL chaired a meeting of academics and industrialists. A partnership was signed with Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited to create a management institute within the company.
Bharathidasan Institute of Management | History
In April 2013, the Award ceremony was hosted again by the Indian Institute of Technology Madras. Ten MPs were selected for the Award, of which six MPs received the Award in person. Dr Konijeti Rosaiah, The Governor of Tamil Nadu and Mr T. S. Krishnamurthy, Former Chief Election Commissioner of India presented the Awards. Mr Anandrao Vithoba Adsul, Mr Hansraj Gangaram Ahir, Mr Arjun Ram Meghwal and Mr S. Ramasubbu, Mrs Rama Devi and Mrs Botsa Jhansi Lakshmi received the Awards in person.
Sansad Ratna Award | Sansad Ratna Awards 2013
The first recipient of the award was N R Narayana Murthy, co-founder of Infosys Ltd. The award was conferred at a ceremony on 13-May-2013 in Vadodara.
Sayaji Ratna Award | First recipient
The award can be traced to a comment by Annada Shankar Ray ruing the absence of literary awards in Bengal. It was started on 20 April 1958 and has been given in the same month since. Initially, there were two awards, in memory of Prafulla Kumar Sarkar and Suresh Chandra Majumdar, the founders of "Anandabazar Patrika". Another award was started in 1984 in memory of Ashok Kumar Sarkar to commemorate the golden jubilee of "Desh". All three awards were merged in 2000.
Ananda Puraskar | History
Dr Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1954) and Dr Zakir Hussain (1963) were the earlier recipients of Bharat Ratna who later became the President of India. He was also the first scientist and the first bachelor to occupy Rashtrapati Bhawan.
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam | Presidency
On 27 May 2017, 8th Edition of Sansad Ratna Award ceremony was held at Indian Institute of Technology Madras to honour the top performing Parliamentarians of 16th Lok Sabha (up to 10th session). Justice (Retd.) P. Sathasivam, Hon'ble Governor of Kerala presented the Awards. Bhartruhari Mahtab. N.K. Premachandran, Shrirang Barne, Rajiv Satav, Dhananjay Mahadik, Dr Heena Gavit, Sanjay Raut, K. N. Balagopal and T. N. Seema were honoured with Sansad Ratna Awards.
Sansad Ratna Award | Sansad Ratna Awards 2017
The second recipient of the Sayaji Ratna Award is Ratan Tata, KBE, an Indian businessman of the Tata Group, a Mumbai-based conglomerate. Presently he holds the position of Chairman Emeritus of Tata Sons, which is an honorary and advisory position. The award is conferred to him on 1-Dec-2015 in Vadodara.
Sayaji Ratna Award | Second recipient
On 25 August 1992, the Madhya Pradesh High Court issued a notice temporarily suspending all civilian awards. A Special Division Bench of the Supreme Court of India was formed comprising five judges: A. M. Ahmadi C. J., Kuldip Singh, B. P. Jeevan Reddy, N. P. Singh, and S. Saghir Ahmad. On 15 December 1995, the Special Division Bench restored the awards and delivered a judgment that the "Bharat Ratna and Padma awards are not titles under Article 18 of the Constitution of India."
Padma Bhushan | History
The Government of India awarded him the civilian honour of Padma Shri in 1971. Indian Mathematical Society placed the Distinguished Service Award on him in 1982 and the Jawaharlal Nehru Rashtriya Yuwa Kendra selected him for the Teachers' Day Award, "Shikha Shiromani Alankaran" in 1994. On 5 May 1995, Banares Hindu University honoured him as the chief guest of their Teachers' Day functions.
Ratan Shankar Mishra | Awards and honours
The Bhoogol Ratna Award of 2016, awarded posthumously to Enayat Ahmad by the National Association of Geographers, India (NAGI), in the 38th Indian Geography Congress, held at the University of Mysore, Mysuru in recognition of his services to the field.
Enayat Ahmad | Awards
On 2 January 1954, a press release was published from the office of the secretary to the President of India announcing the creation of two civilian awards—Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award, and the three-tier Padma Vibhushan, classified into "Pahela Varg" (Class I), "Dusra Varg" (Class II), and "Tisra Varg" (Class III), which rank below the Bharat Ratna. On 15 January 1955, the Padma Vibhushan was reclassified into three different awards: the Padma Vibhushan, the highest of the three, followed by the Padma Bhushan and the Padma Shri. The award, along with other personal civilian honours, was briefly suspended twice in its history; for the first time in July 1977 when Morarji Desai was sworn in as the fourth Prime Minister of India, for being "worthless and politicized".
Padma Vibhushan | History
The name of recipient, whose award have been revoked or restored, both of which require the authority of the President, is archived and they are required to surrender their medal when their name is struck from the register; none of the conferments of Padma Bhushan during 1954–1959 have been revoked or restored. The recommendations are received from all the state and the union territory governments, as well as from Ministries of the Government of India, the Bharat Ratna and the Padma Vibhushan awardees, the Institutes of Excellence, the Ministers, the Chief Ministers and the Governors of State, and the Members of Parliament including private individuals.
List of Padma Bhushan award recipients (1954–1959) | Introduction
On 23 January 1992, a press release was published by the President's Secretariat to confer the award posthumously on Subhas Chandra Bose. The decision triggered much criticism and a PIL was filed in the Calcutta High Court to revoke the award. The petitioner took objection to the conferral of the award and its posthumous mention of Bose, saying that honouring a personality higher than the award is "ridiculous", and it was an act of "carelessness" to classify such a person with past and future recipients. It said that the award cannot be conferred to Bose posthumously as the Government had not officially accepted his death on 18 August 1945.
Bharat Ratna | Subhas Chandra Bose (1992)
Subsequently, several sportspersons' names were discussed; among the most talked-about of these was field-hockey player Dhyan Chand, who was recommended multiple times for the posthumous honour. In 2011, 82 members of parliament recommended Chand's name for the award to the Prime Minister's Office. In January 2012, the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports forwarded his name again, this time along with 2008 Summer Olympics gold medallist shooter Abhinav Bindra and mountaineer Tenzing Norgay. Bindra had earlier been recommended for the award in May 2013 by the National Rifle Association of India. In July 2013, the ministry again recommended Dhyan Chand.
Bharat Ratna | Popular demands
The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting of India confers Bharatendu Harishchandra Awards to encourage original and creative writing in Hindi. The program began in 1983.
Bharatendu Harishchandra Awards | Introduction
He also received Padma Shri and Padma Vibhushan from Government of India. On 16 November 2013, the Government of India selected him for Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award in India, making him the third scientist after C.V. Raman and A. P. J. Abdul Kalam to receive the award. He received the award on 4 February 2014 from President Pranab Mukherjee at the Rashtrapati Bhavan.
C. N. R. Rao | Introduction
The Bharat Ratna is the highest civilian award of the Republic of India.
List of people from Kerala | Bharat Ratna
After his death in 1987, he became the third Chief Minister from the state of Tamil Nadu to receive the Bharat Ratna after C. Rajagopalachari and K. Kamaraj. The timing of the award was controversial, due to the fact that it was given so quickly after his death and he was elected as Chief Minister only 11 years before the award. Many opponents, mostly outside Tamil Nadu, criticised then ruling party INC, under Rajiv Gandhi to have influenced the selection committee to give the award to help win the upcoming 1989 Lok Sabha election. The ruling party forming a coalition with Jayalalithaa, the successor to MGR at that time, were able to sweep Tamil Nadu, winning 38 out of 39 seats, INC were however unable to win nationally.
M. G. Ramachandran | Bharat Ratna
Before 1968, the award in the field of best acting in Indian Cinema was given out as a Rashtrapati Award. Other examples are Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna for sports, National Bravery Award, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, Jnanpith Award for literature, "Maharishi Badrayan Vyas Samman" (a presidential honour for young scholars below age 40 who have worked to bridge the ancient and the modern especially using IT).
Rashtrapati Award | Introduction
National Awards: State Awards: Other Awards:
Rathnamala Prakash | Awards
He was awarded Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak for his contribution in field of journalism in 1948. In 1975, he was awarded Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian award of India.
Bachubhai Ravat | Awards
In 1974, the Government of India conferred on him the Padma Bhushan, one of the premier civilian awards, second only to the Bharat Ratna and the Padma Vibhushan. The award was presented in recognition of his work in the field of literature and education.
Camille Bulcke | Recognition
Events in the year 1954 in the Republic of India. First recipient:C Rajagopalachari
1954 in India | Introduction
The Prime Point Foundation jointly with the ezine PreSense decided to honour Parliamentarians who, in their opinion, performed well in the Lok Sabha, based on their participation in debates, raising questions, introducing Private Members Bills and Attendance. In May 2010, the Award was presented for the first time under the name "UnSung Heroes' Award". Since its launch in 2010, the Award has been presented annually, around April or May. The Award was renamed in 2012 and has since been known as the "Sansad Ratna Award". Prime Minister of India has appreciated the Foundation for the 'proactive initiative' and congratulated the 2018 Awardees.
Sansad Ratna Award | Introduction
Bhatt was awarded the Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak in 1935.
Vishwanath Bhatt | Recognition
It was established by the President of India on 17 June 1960.
Nau Sena Medal | History
As with many official announcements, recipients are announced and registered in "The Gazette of India", a publication released by the Department of Publication, Ministry of Urban Development used for official government notices; without publication in the "Gazette", conferral of the award is not considered official. Recipients whose awards have been revoked or restored, both of which require the authority of the President, are registered in the "Gazette". Recipients whose awards have been revoked are required to surrender their medals, and their names are struck from the register.
Bharat Ratna | Regulations
Winner In 1995 Rajesh Khanna was honoured with the Kala Ratna Award by Punjabi Kala Sangam at Delhi by the then Human Resource Development Minister Arjun Singh.
List of awards and nominations received by Rajesh Khanna | Other Awards
The award is named after the fifth century Indian astronomer and mathematician Aryabhata, and in commemoration of the first Indian satellite Aryabhata (launched 19 April 1975).
Aryabhata Award | History
Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna instituted in the year 1991–1992, it is given to sportspersons for "most outstanding performance by a sportsperson" over the period of last four years. The award comprises "a medallion, a certificate, and a cash prize of ".
National Sports Awards | Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna
1894 Awarded Silver Medal and Cash Prize of Rs. 70, Bombay Fine Art Exhb., Bombay. 1907 Gold Medal, Annual Exhb., Bombay Art Society, Bombay. 1908 Gold Medal, Annual Exhb., Bombay Art Society, Bombay.
M F Pithawalla | Awards
Bhargava received Padma Bhushan from the President of India in 1986, but returned it in 2015 as an act of protest against the Indian government's active erosion of spaces for dissent within the country.
Pushpa Mittra Bhargava | Awards
Second recipient: Dr.S Radhakrishnan Third recipient:C V Raman
1954 in India | Events
He received "Kala Ratna" award from the government of Andhra Pradesh in 2017.
Gangadhara Sastry | Awards
Of 50 nominees, 15 have received the Bharat Ratna and 6 are women. The oldest living nominees at the time of the poll were Ravi Shankar (92), M. S. Swaminathan (87) and Atal Bihari Vajpayee (88), while Sachin Tendulkar (39) was the youngest.
The Greatest Indian | List of original fifty nominees
The president of India, Mrs. Pratibha Patil awarded National Award for “Best Sound Design” for Film “KRAMASHA” in the year 2009.
Ajit Singh Rathore | Awards and honors
He received the Bombay Art Society award twice, in 1948 and 1949, and the Gold Medal from Academy of Fine Arts, Kolkata in 1948. Lalit Kala Akademi, New Delhi awarded him their national honour in 1961 and he received the state award from the Sahitya Kala Parishad, Delhi in 1969. He was awarded the fourth highest Indian civilian honour of Padma Shri by the Government of India in 1977.
Dhanraj Bhagat | Introduction
The petitioner noted that as Tendulkar was an Indian National Congress nominated Member of Rajya Sabha, the decision to award him the Bharat Ratna would influence the voters of Delhi, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and Mizoram where the election process was underway at the time. Another PIL was filed against Tendulkar and a few ministers, "alleging a conspiracy to ignore" an Indian field hockey player Dhyan Chand. On 4 December 2013, the Election Commission rejected the petition stating that conferring the award on people from non-polling states did not amount to a violation of the code. Other High Courts as well rejected the petitions raised against Rao and Tendulkar.
Bharat Ratna | C. N. R. Rao and Sachin Tendulkar (2013)
Seva Bharati was thus established later that year.
Seva Bharati | History
A Special Divisional Bench of the Supreme Court of India was set up with a panel of five judges that delivered the verdict on 15December 1995 that the "Bharat Ratna and Padma awards are not titles within Article 18 of the Constitution of India". Later in 1998 when the presentation of the awards resumed, eighteen recipients received the award followed by fourteen in 1999. The Padma Bhushan in the 1990s was also conferred upon five foreign recipients two from the United Kingdom and one each from Japan, New Zealand, and the United States. Individuals from ten fields were honoured that included twenty-six artists, twenty-three from literature and education, eighteen from science and engineering, fifteen from medicine, eleven from public affairs, ten from social work, three sportspersons, three from trade and industry, and two from civil services and other fields each.
List of Padma Bhushan award recipients (1990–1999) | Introduction
On 11 June 2016, 7th Edition of Sansad Ratna Award ceremony was held at Indian Institute of Technology Madras to honour the top performing Parliamentarians of 16th Lok Sabha (up to 7th session). Dr. C. Rangarajan, Former Governor of Andhra Pradesh and Reserve Bank of India presented the Awards. Shivaji Adhalrao Patil. P P Choudhary, Shrirang Barne, Rajiv Satav, Dr Heena Gavit and P. Rajeev were honoured with Sansad Ratna Awards.
Sansad Ratna Award | Sansad Ratna Awards 2016
A Special Division Bench of the Supreme Court of India was formed comprising five judges: A. M. Ahmadi C. J., Kuldip Singh, B. P. Jeevan Reddy, N. P. Singh, and S. Saghir Ahmad. On 15 December 1995, the Special Division Bench restored the awards and delivered a judgment that the "Bharat Ratna and Padma awards are not titles under Article 18 of the Constitution of India".
Padma Vibhushan | History
The award was instituted in 2007, with Sachin Tendulkar being the first recipient.
Polly Umrigar Award | History
On 9 June 2018, 9th Edition of Sansad Ratna Award ceremony was held at Indian Institute of Technology Madras to honour the top performing Parliamentarians of 16th Lok Sabha (up to Budget Session 2018). Shri M. K. Narayanan, Former Governor of West Bengal and Shri T. S. Krishnamurthy, Former Chief Election Commissioner of India presented the Awards. Bhartruhari Mahtab, Supriya Sule, Shrirang Barne, Rajiv Satav, Dhananjay Mahadik and Dr Heena Gavit, were honoured with Sansad Ratna Awards. For the first time an Award was introduced for an outstanding Parliamentary Standing Committee. Dr Veerappa Moily, Chairman of Finance Committee received the Award on behalf of Finance Committee.
Sansad Ratna Award | Sansad Ratna Awards 2018
"Adarsh Bharat Sevak" (आदर्श भारतसेवक) received in 1970 a Sahitya Akademi Award.
Narahar Raghunath Phatak | Biographical works