The Bharat Ratna (; "Jewel of India") is the highest civilian award of the Republic of India. Instituted on 2 January 1954, the award is conferred in recognition of "exceptional service/performance of the highest order", without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex. The award was originally limited to achievements in the arts, literature, science, and public services, but the government expanded the criteria to include "any field of human endeavour" in December 2011. The recommendations for the Bharat Ratna are made by the Prime Minister to the President, with a maximum of three nominees being awarded per year. The recipients receive a "Sanad" (certificate) signed by the President and a peepal leaf-shaped medallion.
Introduction
Bharat Ratna
Bharat Ratna | Introduction
Sachin Tendulkar ,Mother Teresa, Dhono Keshav Karve C. Rajagopalachari, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan,  C. V. Raman to name a few C. Rajagopalachari,  Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, Sachin Tendulkar C. Rajagopalachari, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, C. V. Raman, to name some.
who won the bharat ratna award in 2018
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Sorry. I cannot find the answer based on the context.
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when was this award initially given?
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2 January 1954
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what is the eligibility to receive this award?
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One must be of exceptional service/performance of the highest order irrespective of race, occupation,position or sex
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who presents the award?
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President
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was it a part of any controversy?
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Yes. Jawaharlal Nehru has been targeted of awarding Bharat Ratna to himself while serving as Prime Minister of India in 1955
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can you name any award winners?
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In 1955, Nehru was awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour. President Rajendra Prasad awarded him the honour without taking advice from the Prime Minister as would be the normal constitutional procedure.
Jawaharlal Nehru | Awards
The Bharat Ratna has been surrounded by several controversies and multiple Public-Interest Litigations (PILs) had been filed against the conferral of the award. Jawaharlal Nehru has been targeted of awarding Bharat Ratna to himself while serving as Prime Minister of India in 1955. This claim is not completely true as the then President of India, Rajendra Prasad confessed to have decided to confer this award on Nehru "suo motu". Similar claims have been made with regards to his daughter Indira Gandhi but this accusation has also been found to be somewhat correct. Indira's son Rajiv Gandhi was awarded Bharat Ratna posthumously after he was assassinated by LTTE in 1991.
Bharat Ratna | Controversies
The seventh Prime Minister Vishwanath Pratap Singh was criticised for posthumously honouring B. R. Ambedkar to please the Dalits. The posthumous conferments of the award on the recipients who died before the Indian independence in 1947 or the award was instituted in 1954 have been criticised by historians. It was noted that such conferments could lead to more demands to honour people like Maurya Emperor Ashoka, Mughal Emperor Akbar, Maratha Emperor Shivaji, Nobel Laureate Rabindranath Tagore, Hindu spiritualist Swami Vivekananda, and independence activist Bal Gangadhar Tilak. The then Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao (1991–96) was criticised for bestowing the award upon Vallabhbhai Patel in 1991, 41 years after his death in 1950; and upon Subhas Chandra Bose in 1992, who died in 1945.
Bharat Ratna | Criticism
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, C. Rajagopalachari, C. V. Raman, Bhagwan Das, Mokshagundam Visvesvarayya, Jawaharlal Nehru, Govind Ballabh Pant, Dhondo Keshav Karve, Bidhan Chandra Roy, Purushottam Das Tandon, Rajendra Prasad, Zakir Hussain, Pandurang Vaman Kane, Lal Bahadur Shastri, Indira Gandhi, V. V. Giri, K. Kamaraj, Mother Teresa, Acharya Vinoba Bhave, Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, M. G. Ramachandran, B. R. Ambedkar, Nelson Mandela, Rajiv Gandhi, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Morarji Desai, Abul Kalam Azad, J. R. D. Tata, Satyajit Ray, A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, Gulzarilal Nanda, Aruna Asaf Ali
Sare Jahan se Accha (drawing) | Bharat Ratna Laureates
Former President of India ( Shri Pranab Mukharjee, Smt. Pratibha Devi Patil) former Prime Ministers of india ( Sri HD Devegowda, Dr. Manmohan Singh) and other eminent dignitaries were invited to give this award.
Hind Rattan | Introduction
Similarly in 2015, the Prime Minister Narendra Modi's decision to award Madan Mohan Malaviya, who died in 1946, met with criticism. A few of the conferments have been criticised for honouring personalities only after they received global recognition. The award for Mother Teresa was announced in 1980, a year after she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Satyajit Ray received an Academy Honorary Award in 1992 followed by the Bharat Ratna the same year. In 1999, Amartya Sen was awarded the Bharat Ratna, a year after his 1998 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. The award was proposed by Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee to President K.
Bharat Ratna | Criticism
There is no monetary grant associated with the award. Bharat Ratna recipients rank seventh in the Indian order of precedence. The first recipients of the Bharat Ratna were: the last Governor-General of the Dominion of India – C. Rajagopalachari, second President and the first Vice President of India – Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, and Nobel Prize Laureate, Physicist C. V. Raman; who were honoured in 1954. Since then, the award has been bestowed upon 48 individuals, including 16 who were awarded posthumously. The original statutes did not provide for posthumous awards but were amended in January 1955 to permit them. Former Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri became the first individual to be honoured posthumously.
Bharat Ratna | Introduction
Of 50 nominees, 15 have received the Bharat Ratna and 6 are women. The oldest living nominees at the time of the poll were Ravi Shankar (92), M. S. Swaminathan (87) and Atal Bihari Vajpayee (88), while Sachin Tendulkar (39) was the youngest.
The Greatest Indian | List of original fifty nominees
Bharat Ratna Padma Vibhushan Padmabhushan
List of Telugu people | Award winners
The following people have received this award. No prize was awarded in 1986 and between 1995 and 2003; the last award was in 2009.
Jawaharlal Nehru Award | Recipients
The top 10 nominees have all received the Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award of the Republic of India.
The Greatest Indian | Top ten nominees
Subsequently, several sportspersons' names were discussed; among the most talked-about of these was field-hockey player Dhyan Chand, who was recommended multiple times for the posthumous honour. In 2011, 82 members of parliament recommended Chand's name for the award to the Prime Minister's Office. In January 2012, the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports forwarded his name again, this time along with 2008 Summer Olympics gold medallist shooter Abhinav Bindra and mountaineer Tenzing Norgay. Bindra had earlier been recommended for the award in May 2013 by the National Rifle Association of India. In July 2013, the ministry again recommended Dhyan Chand.
Bharat Ratna | Popular demands
The third recipient of the award was Amitabh Bachchan, an actor of Hindi Cinema. It was conferred on him on 20 November 2018 at Vadodara.
Sayaji Ratna Award | Third recipient
Late Prime Minister of India Rajeev Gandhi was awarded posthumously in its first edition. Business people such as Yash Chopra, Mukesh Ambani, Uday Kotak, Sudha Murthy, and Chanda Kochhar among others received in its very first edition in 2009. Notable figures who received Awards include ,Sushmita Sen, Ratan Tata, Mukesh Batra, Priyanka Chopra, Kiran Mazumdar Shaw, Kunal Bahl, Nagabhairava Jaya Prakash Narayana., Mukesh Hariawala, Anamika Khanna, Manasi Kirloskar, Huzaifa Khorakiwala, Parvathy Nair,Urvashi Rautela, Sunny Leone, Arshi Khan, Jennifer Winget, Reza Shariffi, Bhairavi Jaikishan, Shaina NC, Muffazal Lakdawala, Ashok Soota, Sanjay Leela Bhansali, Govinda, Manjula Anagani.
India Leadership Conclave | Award winners
Though, as per the statutes for the Bharat Ratna, the recommendations for the award can only be made by the Prime Minister to the President, there have been several demands from various political parties to honour their leaders. In January 2008, Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) leader L. K. Advani wrote to the then Prime Minister Manmohan Singh recommending Singh's predecessor Atal Bihari Vajpayee for the award. This was immediately followed by the Communist Party of India (Marxist) lobbying for their leader, Jyoti Basu, former Chief Minister of West Bengal. Basu, India's longest-serving chief minister at that time, said that he would decline the honour, even if awarded.
Bharat Ratna | Popular demands
It has been awarded to a naturalised Indian citizen, Mother Teresa in 1980, and to two non-Indians, Abdul Ghaffar Khan of Pakistan in 1987 and the former South African president Nelson Mandela in 1990. M. S. Subbulakshmi from Tamil Nadu became the first musician to receive the honour. Sachin Tendulkar, at the age of 40, became the youngest person and first sportsperson to receive the honour. In a special ceremony on 18 April 1958, Dhondo Keshav Karve was awarded on his 100th birthday. , the award has been conferred upon 45 people with 12 posthumous declarations. The award was briefly suspended twice in its history.
Bharat Ratna | History
The Bharat Ratna is conferred "in recognition of exceptional service/performance of the highest order", without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex. The award was originally confined to the arts, literature, science, and public services, as per the 1954 regulations. In December 2011, the rules were changed to include "any field of human endeavour". The 1954 statutes did not allow posthumous awards, but this was subsequently modified in the January 1955 statute, and Lal Bahadur Shastri became the first recipient to be honoured posthumously in 1966. Although there is no formal nomination process, recommendations for the award can only be made by the Prime Minister to the President with a maximum number of three nominees being awarded per year.
Bharat Ratna | Regulations
G. Sankara Kurup, Tarashankar Bandopadhyay, Kuppali Venkatappagowda Puttappa, Umashankar Joshi, Sumitranandan Pant, Firaq Gorakhpuri, Viswanatha Satyanarayana, Bishnu Dey, Ramdhari Singh 'Dinkar', D. R. Bendre, Gopinath Mohanty, Vishnu Sakharam Khandekar, P. V. Akilan, Asha Purna Devi, K. Shivaram Karanth, Sachchidananda Vatsyayan, Birendra Kumar Bhattacharya, S. K. Pottekkatt, Amrita Pritam, Mahadevi Varma, Masti Venkatesha Iyengar, Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai, Pannalal Patel, Sachidananda Routray, Vishnu Vaman Shirwadkar, C. Narayana Reddy, Qurratulain Hyder, V. K. Gokak, Subhas Mukhopadhyay, Naresh Mehta, Sitakant Mahapatra, U. R. Ananthamurthy, M. T. Vasudevan Nair, Mahasweta Devi, Ali Sardar Jafri
Sare Jahan se Accha (drawing) | Jnanpith Award winners
In April 2013, the Award ceremony was hosted again by the Indian Institute of Technology Madras. Ten MPs were selected for the Award, of which six MPs received the Award in person. Dr Konijeti Rosaiah, The Governor of Tamil Nadu and Mr T. S. Krishnamurthy, Former Chief Election Commissioner of India presented the Awards. Mr Anandrao Vithoba Adsul, Mr Hansraj Gangaram Ahir, Mr Arjun Ram Meghwal and Mr S. Ramasubbu, Mrs Rama Devi and Mrs Botsa Jhansi Lakshmi received the Awards in person.
Sansad Ratna Award | Sansad Ratna Awards 2013
Mr. T.S. Krishna Murthy and Mr N. Gopalaswami, both former Chief Election Commissioner of India presented the Awards on 1 May 2010. Mr Hansraj Gangaram Ahir and Mr S. Ramasubbu were the recipients of the Award. Former Indian President Mr APJ Abdul Kalam addressed the function via phone live from Delhi.
Sansad Ratna Award | UnSung Heroes Award 2010
In 2012 the Award was renamed as the 'Sansad Ratna Award'. The Award ceremony was held in April and was hosted by the Indian Institute of Technology Madras. Mr Gopalkrishna Gandhi, former Governor of West Bengal and grandson of Mahatma Gandhi presented the Awards. Mr Anandrao Vithoba Adsul, Mr Hansraj Gangaram Ahir, Mr Arjun Ram Meghwal and Mr S. Ramasubbu were the recipients of the Sansad Ratna Award.
Sansad Ratna Award | Sansad Ratna Award 2012
He was awarded Bharat Ratna on 4 February 1961, India's highest civilian honour.
Bidhan Chandra Roy | Introduction
He has founded Sansad Ratna Award through Prime Point Foundation. The Awards are presented to top performing Members of Indian Lok Sabha every year since 2010 during April / May.
Krishnaswamy Srinivasan | Background
After his death in 1987, he became the third Chief Minister from the state of Tamil Nadu to receive the Bharat Ratna after C. Rajagopalachari and K. Kamaraj. The timing of the award was controversial, due to the fact that it was given so quickly after his death and he was elected as Chief Minister only 11 years before the award. Many opponents, mostly outside Tamil Nadu, criticised then ruling party INC, under Rajiv Gandhi to have influenced the selection committee to give the award to help win the upcoming 1989 Lok Sabha election. The ruling party forming a coalition with Jayalalithaa, the successor to MGR at that time, were able to sweep Tamil Nadu, winning 38 out of 39 seats, INC were however unable to win nationally.
M. G. Ramachandran | Bharat Ratna
In 1988, then Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi (1984–89) conferred the Bharat Ratna posthumously on movie actor and former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, M. G. Ramachandran, in a bid to influence voters prior to the Tamil Nadu assembly elections in 1989. The decision was criticised for awarding Ramachandran before independence activist B. R. Ambedkar and Vallabhbhai Patel, who were bestowed the honour in 1990 and 1991, respectively. While Ravi Shankar was accused of lobbying for the award, the decision by Indira Gandhi to posthumously honour K. Kamaraj was considered to have been aimed at placating Tamil voters for the Tamil Nadu assembly elections in 1977.
Bharat Ratna | Criticism
It was noted that only an announcement had been made by press communiqué, but the government had not proceeded to confer the award by publishing the name in the "Gazette" and entering the name in the register. Furthermore, the then presidents, Ramaswamy Venkataraman (1987–92) and Shankar Dayal Sharma (1992–97), had not conferred a "Sanad" (certificate) with their signature and seal. On 4 August 1997, the Supreme Court delivered an order that since the award had not been officially conferred, it cannot be revoked and declared that the press communiqué be treated as cancelled. The court declined to pass any judgement on the posthumous mention of Bose and his death.
Bharat Ratna | Subhas Chandra Bose (1992)
The Government of Karnataka announced 63 names for the year 2018 on the occasion of the 63rd anniversary of the awards. The awards were given away at the Vidhana Soudha on 29 November 2018 by Chief Minister HD Kumaraswamy. Nitin Hiremath From Hubli(Laxmivana), Sarvamangala, Bhargava From Mysuru, Kere Kaamegowda From Mandya Among Rajyotsava Awardees. Rajyotsava Awardees includes former Union Minister Margaret Alva, former Chief Justice of India H. L. Dattu, former Olympics sprinter Kenneth Lawrence Powell, Sandalwood actor Jai Jagadish and National Public School founder KP Gopalkrishna are among the other winners.
Rajyotsava Prashasti | 2018 awards
Devika Rani Chaudhuri Roerich, B. N. Sircar, Prithviraj Kapoor, Pankaj Mullick, Ruby Myers, Bommireddy Narasimha Reddy, Dhirendranath Ganguly, Kanan Devi, Nitin Bose, Rai Chand Boral, Sohrab Modi, Paidi Jairaj, Naushad Ali, L. V. Prasad, Durga Khote, Satyajit Ray, V. Shantaram, Bommireddy Nagi Reddy, Raj Kapoor, Ashok Kumar, Lata Mangeshkar, Akkineni Nageswara Rao, Bhalji Pendharkar, Bhupen Hazarika, Majrooh Sultanpuri, Dilip Kumar, Rajkumar, Sivaji Ganesan, Pradeep
Sare Jahan se Accha (drawing) | Dadasaheb Phalke Award winners
Rajiv Gandhi Khel-Ratna (2003) Arjuna Award (2000)
Anjali Bhagwat | Awards
Girisha claimed to be a top contender for the award with 90 points, owing to his silver medal winning act at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in the Men's High Jump F42 event. The petition mentioned that the points for Mirza's Grand Slam titles from 2011 until 2015 should not be counted as the events were not a part of the list of sports events to be considered for the performance evaluation. The court withheld the conferment and sought replies from the Ministry about the selection process. The Ministry nevertheless presented the award to Mirza on 29 August 2015 amidst the case processing.
Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna | Controversies
The first recipient of the award was Chess Grandmaster Viswanathan Anand, who was honoured for the performance in the year 1991–92. In 2001, sport shooter Abhinav Bindra, then aged 18, became the youngest recipient of the award. Usually conferred upon only one sportsperson in a year, a few exceptions have been made (1993–1994, 2002, 2009, 2012, and 2016–2020) when multiple recipients were awarded in a year. , there have been forty-three recipients from fifteen sport disciplines: Athletics, Badminton, Billiards, Boxing, Chess, Cricket, Field hockey, Gymnastics, Shooting, Snooker, Table Tennis, Tennis, Wrestling, Weightlifting, and Yacht racing. The most recent recipients of the award are Rohit Sharma (Cricket), Mariyappan Thangavelu (Para Athletics), Manika Batra (Table Tennis), Vinesh Phogat (Wrestling), and Rani Rampal (Hockey).
Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna | Introduction
A Special Divisional Bench of the Supreme Court of India was set up with a panel of five judges that delivered the verdict on 15December 1995 that the "Bharat Ratna and Padma awards are not titles within Article 18 of the Constitution of India". Later in 1998 when the presentation of the awards resumed, eighteen recipients received the award followed by fourteen in 1999. The Padma Bhushan in the 1990s was also conferred upon five foreign recipients two from the United Kingdom and one each from Japan, New Zealand, and the United States. Individuals from ten fields were honoured that included twenty-six artists, twenty-three from literature and education, eighteen from science and engineering, fifteen from medicine, eleven from public affairs, ten from social work, three sportspersons, three from trade and industry, and two from civil services and other fields each.
List of Padma Bhushan award recipients (1990–1999) | Introduction
The petitioner requested the whereabouts of Bose from 18 August 1945 to date, based on the information collected by the 1956 Shah Nawaz Committee and the 1970 Khosla Commission. Bose's family members expressed their unwillingness to accept the award. To deliver the judgement, the Supreme Court formed a Special Division Bench with Judge Sujata V. Manohar and G. B. Pattanaik. The Solicitor General noted that to confer the award per the appropriate regulations pertaining to the Bharat Ratna, Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan, and Padma Shri, the name of the recipient must be published in "The Gazette of India" and entered in the recipients register maintained under the direction of the President.
Bharat Ratna | Subhas Chandra Bose (1992)
Veteran octogenarian parliamentarian Mr Era Sezhiyan and Mr N Vittal presented the Awards in May 2011 to Mr Anandrao Vithoba Adsul, Mr Hansraj Gangaram Ahir and Mr S. Ramasubbu.
Sansad Ratna Award | UnSung Heroes Award 2011
The Government can nominate up to two sportspersons in deserving cases where no such nominations have been received from the nominating authorities. The nominations for a given year are accepted till 30 April or last working day of April.
Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna | Nominations
The Bharat Ratna (; "Jewel of India") is the highest civilian award of the Republic of India. Instituted on 2 January 1954, the award is conferred in recognition of "exceptional service/performance of the highest order", without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex. The award was originally limited to achievements in the arts, literature, science, and public services, but the government expanded the criteria to include "any field of human endeavour" in December 2011. The recommendations for the Bharat Ratna are made by the Prime Minister to the President, with a maximum of three nominees being awarded per year. The recipients receive a "Sanad" (certificate) signed by the President and a peepal leaf-shaped medallion.
Bharat Ratna | Introduction
The second recipient of the Sayaji Ratna Award is Ratan Tata, KBE, an Indian businessman of the Tata Group, a Mumbai-based conglomerate. Presently he holds the position of Chairman Emeritus of Tata Sons, which is an honorary and advisory position. The award is conferred to him on 1-Dec-2015 in Vadodara.
Sayaji Ratna Award | Second recipient
First time following Rajasthanis were conferred award:- Except for Chundawat, Detha and Bhatt, the award was conferred posthumously.
Rajasthan Ratna | 2012
The nominations for the award are received from all government recognised National Sports Federations, the Indian Olympic Association, the Sports Authority of India (SAI), the Sports Promotion and Control Boards, and the state and the union territory governments with not more than two eligible sportspersons nominated for each sports discipline. In case of cricket, the nominations are received from the Board of Control for Cricket in India and SAI is authorised to submit the nominations on behalf of all the de-recognised or under suspension National Sports Federations. The previous award recipients can also nominate one sportsperson for the discipline for which they themselves were awarded.
Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna | Nominations
In 1974, the Government of India conferred on him the Padma Bhushan, one of the premier civilian awards, second only to the Bharat Ratna and the Padma Vibhushan. The award was presented in recognition of his work in the field of literature and education.
Camille Bulcke | Recognition
Sansad Ratna Award ("Gem of Parliament") is a private award established in 2010 by the Prime Point Foundation and e-magazine PreSense to honour "top performing" Members of the Indian Lok Sabha, based on the suggestions given by A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, Former President of India. It is in no way related to the Outstanding Parliamentarian Award given by the Indian Parliamentary Group. The Founders claim that Sansad Ratna Awards are given on behalf of "civil society" through a transparent selection process by a Jury committee of eminent Parliamentarians, based on the data on various performance parameters.
Sansad Ratna Award | Introduction
In 2014, cricketer Sachin Tendulkar, then aged 40, became the youngest recipient; while social reformer Dhondo Keshav Karve was awarded on his 100th birthday. The first singer to be awarded Bharat Ratna was M. S. Subbulakshmi. Though usually conferred on India-born citizens, the Bharat Ratna has been awarded to one naturalised citizen – Mother Teresa, and to two non-Indians: Abdul Ghaffar Khan (born in British India and later citizen of Pakistan) and Nelson Mandela, born in and citizen of South Africa. On 25 January 2019, the government announced the award to social activist Nanaji Deshmukh (posthumously), singer-music director Bhupen Hazarika (posthumously) and to the former President of India, Pranab Mukherjee.
Bharat Ratna | Introduction
In 1992, two PILs were filed in the High Courts; one in the Kerala High Court on 13 February 1992 by Balaji Raghavan and another in the Madhya Pradesh High Court (Indore Bench) on 24 August 1992 by Satya Pal Anand. Both petitioners questioned the civilian awards being "Titles" per an interpretation of of the Constitution. On 25 August 1992, the Madhya Pradesh High Court issued a notice temporarily suspending all civilian awards. A Special Division Bench of the Supreme Court was formed comprising five judges; A. M. Ahmadi C. J., Kuldip Singh, B. P. Jeevan Reddy, N. P. Singh, and S.
Bharat Ratna | Civilian awards as "Titles" (1992)
However, in 1999, four individuals were awarded the honour. The recipient receives a "Sanad" (certificate) signed by the President and a medallion without any monetary grant. Usage of the title 'Bharat Ratna' as a prefix by the awardee is exempt from Article 18 (1) of the Constitution, as per the Supreme Court's precedent in Balaji Raghavan/S.P. Anand v. Union of India in 1995. Additionally, recipients may either use the expression "Awarded Bharat Ratna by the President" or "Recipient of Bharat Ratna Award" to indicate that they have been honoured with the award. The holders of the Bharat Ratna rank seventh in the Indian order of precedence.
Bharat Ratna | Regulations
The award was established by Kendriya Hindi Sansthan in 1989 on the name of the great Tamil writer Subramanya Bharathi. It was first awarded in the year 1989 to "Dr. Prabhakar Machwe", "Dr. Wrajeshhwar Verma", "Dr. Hardev Bahri", "Dr. N.A. Nagappa", "Prof. Ram Singh Tomar", "Dr. Bhakt Darshan", "Dr. P. Gopal Sharma" and "Sri Mangalnath Singh".
Subramanyam Bharti Award | History
Ratan Tata received the Padma Bhushan in 2000 and Padma Vibhushan in 2008, the third and second highest civilian honours awarded by the Government of India. Other notable awards include:
Ratan Tata | Honours and awards
Most recently on 25 January 2020, the award has been bestowed upon seven recipients: George Fernandes, Arun Jaitley, Anerood Jugnauth, Mary Kom, Chhannulal Mishra, Sushma Swaraj, and Vishwesha Teertha.
Padma Vibhushan | Introduction
Saghir Ahmad. On 15 December 1995, the Special Division Bench restored the awards and delivered a judgement that the "Bharat Ratna and Padma awards are not titles under Article 18 of the Constitution".
Bharat Ratna | Civilian awards as "Titles" (1992)
National Awards: State Awards: Other Awards:
Rathnamala Prakash | Awards
However, in November 2013, cricketer Sachin Tendulkar became the first sports-person to receive the honour and this garnered much criticism for the government. A PIL was filed in the Karnataka High Court where in the petitioner requested the court to issue a direction to the Ministry of Home Affairs to consider their representation dated 26 October 2012 and confer the Bharat Ratna upon Mahatma Gandhi. On 27 January 2014, a counsel appearing for the petitioner noted that after multiple representations from the petitioner, they were provided with the information under RTI that the recommendations to confer the award on Gandhi have been received multiple times in the past and were forwarded to the Prime Minister's Office.
Bharat Ratna | Popular demands
The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research awarded Govil the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize, one of the highest Indian science awards, in 1978. A Jawaharlal Nehru Birth Centenary Visiting Fellow of the Indian National Science Academy and a Raja Ramanna fellow at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, he has received several other awards and the list includes FICCI Award, Goyal Award, and the Lifetime Achievement Awards of the Indian Science Congress Association and the Indian Chemical Society. Besides being an elected fellow of The World Academy of Sciences, he is also an elected fellow of Indian National Science Academy, Indian Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences, India.
Girjesh Govil | Awards and honors
The Government of India awarded him the third highest civilian honour of the Padma Bhushan, in 2009, for his contributions to science and technology.
Bhakta B. Rath | Introduction
He was awarded Bharat Ratna in 2019 (Posthumously) and Padma Vibhushan in 1999.
Nanaji Deshmukh | Appreciation and recognition
A major sporting hero in India, he is a recipient of India's highest sporting award, the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna for 1992–1993; both the Padma Shri and the Arjuna Award in 1986; and the K.K. Birla Award, 1993.
Geet Sethi | Awards and recognition
He was elected as a fellow by the Maharashtra Academy of Sciences and a year later, he became a fellow of The World Academy of Sciences. The Indian Science Congress Association selected him for the 2001–02 C. V. Raman Birth Centenary Award and the award orations delivered by him include the 1991 Jawaharlal Nehru Birth Centenary lecture of the Indian National Science Academy.
Sudhanshu Shekhar Jha | Awards and honors
On 22 February 2014, the Award ceremony was held at Chennai Press Club to honour the top performing Members of 15th Lok Sabha. 12 MPs were selected to receive the Award, which includes Barrister Asaduddin Owaisi who is an MP from Hyderabad. 5 MPs Hansraj Gangaram Ahir, Gajanan Babar, Shivaji Adhalrao Patil, S. Ramasubbu and Rama Devi received the Awards from N. Gopalaswami, former Chief Election Commissioner of India.
Sansad Ratna Award | Sansad Ratna Awards 2014
Four years later, the Indian Physics Association awarded Sreekantan the R. D. Birla Memorial Award. He has received four awards from various governments, starting with the third highest civilian honour of Padma Bhushan from the Government of India in 1988. The Indian Institute of Science Distinguished Alumni Award and the Ramanujan Award of the Indian Science Congress were awarded to him in 1987 and 1989 respectively and the Government of Madhya Pradesh awarded him the Jawaharlal Nehru Award in 1991. He was awarded the Rajyotsava Prashasti by the Government of Karnataka in 1998 and six years later, the government followed it up with the Sir M.
B. V. Sreekantan | Awards and honours
The 2002 selection committee headed by former football player Pradip Kumar Banerjee made twenty one recommendations for the Arjuna Award and two recommendations for the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award, athlete K. M. Beenamol and shooter Anjali Bhagwat. The government rejected the recommendations and asked the committee to cut down the list to comply with the award guidelines, where only one sportsperson for the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award and fifteen sportspersons along with one disabled athlete for the Arjuna Awards could be recommended each year. The committee revised the list to recommend Beenamol for the award over Bhagwat but also put a request "to consider everyone".
Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna | Controversies
Giri was honoured with India's highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna, in 1975 for his contributions in the area of public affairs. As president, Giri had suo motu conferred the Bharat Ratna on Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in 1972. Giri was in turn conferred the Bharat Ratna in 1975 on the recommendation of Prime Minister Gandhi, in an act seen as a quid pro quo measure. Giri was the fourth of the six Presidents of India to have been conferred the Bharat Ratna (viz. Rajendra Prasad, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, Zakir Husain, V.V. Giri, Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam and Pranab Mukherjee).
V. V. Giri | Bharat Ratna
The Prime Point Foundation jointly with the ezine PreSense decided to honour Parliamentarians who, in their opinion, performed well in the Lok Sabha, based on their participation in debates, raising questions, introducing Private Members Bills and Attendance. In May 2010, the Award was presented for the first time under the name "UnSung Heroes' Award". Since its launch in 2010, the Award has been presented annually, around April or May. The Award was renamed in 2012 and has since been known as the "Sansad Ratna Award". Prime Minister of India has appreciated the Foundation for the 'proactive initiative' and congratulated the 2018 Awardees.
Sansad Ratna Award | Introduction
1. (1963) "Best Outgoing Student of the class of '63 at Modern High School", Poona, India. 2. (1967) "Mr. D.P. Joshi and Mrs. J.D. Joshi Scholarship", Poona University. 3. (1968) "Mr. A.V.H. Pearce Scholarship", Poona University.
Sanjay Govind Dhande | Awards and honours
Winner In 1995 Rajesh Khanna was honoured with the Kala Ratna Award by Punjabi Kala Sangam at Delhi by the then Human Resource Development Minister Arjun Singh.
List of awards and nominations received by Rajesh Khanna | Other Awards
Before 1968, the award in the field of best acting in Indian Cinema was given out as a Rashtrapati Award. Other examples are Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna for sports, National Bravery Award, Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, Jnanpith Award for literature, "Maharishi Badrayan Vyas Samman" (a presidential honour for young scholars below age 40 who have worked to bridge the ancient and the modern especially using IT).
Rashtrapati Award | Introduction
Delhi based NGO PRS Legislative Research closely monitors the "performance" of all the Members of Parliament and releases the data of their individual performance. Selection of Awardees is based on the participation of debates, raising questions, introduction of Private Members Bills and attendance in the House and Committee Meetings, Usage of MPLADS, etc. at the end of Budget Session of every year. The Awards are then presented to the Members of Parliament in a ceremony held around June / July every year. For the 16th Lok Sabha, a "Jury Committee" headed by Anandrao Vithoba Adsul with members Hansraj Gangaram Ahir and Arjun Ram Meghwal has been formed to select the Award winners.
Sansad Ratna Award | Selection Methodology
The Bharat Ratna, along with other personal civil honours, was briefly suspended from July 1977 to January 1980, during the change in the national government; and for a second time from August 1992 to December 1995, when several public-interest litigations challenged the constitutional validity of the awards. In 1992, the government's decision to confer the award posthumously on Subhas Chandra Bose was opposed by those who had refused to accept the fact of his death, including some members of his extended family. Following a 1997 Supreme Court decision, the press communiqué announcing Bose's award was cancelled; it is the only time when the award was announced but not conferred.
Bharat Ratna | Introduction
When instituted in 1991–92, the award was given for the performance by a sportsperson in a year. Based on the suggestions provided by 2014 award selection committee headed by Kapil Dev, the Ministry revised the criteria in February 2015 to consider the performance over a period of four years. The medals won in various International championships and events of the disciplines which include Summer and Winter Olympic and Paralympics Games, Asian Games, and Commonwealth Games are given 80% weightage. The remaining 20% weightage is given to the profile and standard of the events. For any other games not included in Olympic, Asian Games, and Commonwealth Games like cricket and indigenous games, the individuals performance of a sportsperson is taken into consideration.
Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna | Selection process
He was awarded the Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak in 1933.
Ratnamanirao Jhote | Recognition
On 27 May 2017, 8th Edition of Sansad Ratna Award ceremony was held at Indian Institute of Technology Madras to honour the top performing Parliamentarians of 16th Lok Sabha (up to 10th session). Justice (Retd.) P. Sathasivam, Hon'ble Governor of Kerala presented the Awards. Bhartruhari Mahtab. N.K. Premachandran, Shrirang Barne, Rajiv Satav, Dhananjay Mahadik, Dr Heena Gavit, Sanjay Raut, K. N. Balagopal and T. N. Seema were honoured with Sansad Ratna Awards.
Sansad Ratna Award | Sansad Ratna Awards 2017
On 2 January 1954, a press communiqué was released from the office of the secretary to the President announcing the creation of two civilian awards—Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award, and the three-tier Padma Vibhushan, classified into "Pahela Warg" (Class I), "Dusra Warg" (Class II), and "Tisra Warg" (Class III), which rank below the Bharat Ratna. On 15 January 1955, the Padma Vibhushan was reclassified into three different awards; the Padma Vibhushan, the highest of the three, followed by the Padma Bhushan and the Padma Shri. There is no formal provision that recipients of the Bharat Ratna should be Indian citizens.
Bharat Ratna | History
Dr Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1954) and Dr Zakir Hussain (1963) were the earlier recipients of Bharat Ratna who later became the President of India. He was also the first scientist and the first bachelor to occupy Rashtrapati Bhawan.
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam | Presidency
The Government of India awarded him the civilian honour of Padma Shri in 1971. Indian Mathematical Society placed the Distinguished Service Award on him in 1982 and the Jawaharlal Nehru Rashtriya Yuwa Kendra selected him for the Teachers' Day Award, "Shikha Shiromani Alankaran" in 1994. On 5 May 1995, Banares Hindu University honoured him as the chief guest of their Teachers' Day functions.
Ratan Shankar Mishra | Awards and honours
The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize, one of the highest Indian science awards in 2017.
Neelesh B. Mehta | Awards and honors
He also received Padma Shri and Padma Vibhushan from Government of India. On 16 November 2013, the Government of India selected him for Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award in India, making him the third scientist after C.V. Raman and A. P. J. Abdul Kalam to receive the award. He received the award on 4 February 2014 from President Pranab Mukherjee at the Rashtrapati Bhavan.
C. N. R. Rao | Introduction
He was awarded Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak for his contribution in field of journalism in 1948. In 1975, he was awarded Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian award of India.
Bachubhai Ravat | Awards
Other awards won by him include the Dr. B. C. Roy Doctors day Award, Aryabhata International Award and the Samadana Janaseva Award.
N. Someswara | Awards
Instituted in 1991–1992, the award was given for the performance by a sportsperson in a year. Based on the suggestions provided by 2014 award selection committee, the Ministry revised the criteria in February 2015 to consider the performance over a period of four years. The nominations for a given year are accepted till 30 April or last working day of April with not more than two sportspersons nominated for each sports discipline. A twelve-member committee evaluates the performances of a sportsperson at various International events like Olympic Games, Paralympic Games, Asian Games, and Commonwealth Games. The committee later submits their recommendations to the Union Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports for further approval.
Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna | Introduction
The first recipient of the award was N R Narayana Murthy, co-founder of Infosys Ltd. The award was conferred at a ceremony on 13-May-2013 in Vadodara.
Sayaji Ratna Award | First recipient
The recommendations are received from all the state and the union territory governments, the Ministries of the Government of India, the Bharat Ratna and previous Padma Vibhushan award recipients, the Institutes of Excellence, the Ministers, the Chief Ministers and the Governors of State, and the Members of Parliament including private individuals. The committee later submits their recommendations to the Prime Minister and the President of India for the further approval. The award recipients are announced on Republic Day. The first recipients of the award were Satyendra Nath Bose, Nand Lal Bose, Zakir Hussain, Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher, Jigme Dorji Wangchuck, and V.
Padma Vibhushan | Introduction
The Jury committee members were themselves "outstanding performers" of the 15th Lok Sabha and recipients of 'Sansad Maha Ratna' awards for 15th Lok Sabha.
Sansad Ratna Award | Selection Methodology
The Government of India honoured him with the civilian award of Padma Shri in 2002 and he received the M. P. Birla Award in 2007. He is also a recipient of TWAS Prize and the ISCA S. N. Bose Birth Centenary Award and has delivered the Sir C. V. Raman Memorial Award Lecture (1996) and the Jawaharlal Nehru Birth Centenary Award Lecture (2002).
Ramanath Cowsik | Awards and recognitions
The Indian National Science Academy awarded him the Indira Gandhi Prize for Popularisation of Science in 1994.
Ganeshan Venkataraman | Biography
He was awarded the Gold Medal By Indian Prime minister Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru in 1956. He was awarded a lifetime contribution award in 1989 by National Academy of Dance, Drama and Music, Delhi, India.
Lal Chand Yamla Jatt | Awards
First presented in the year 1997–1998, a total of four sportspersons have been honoured with the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna, the highest sporting honour of India, in cricket for their "most outstanding performance at the international level" over the period of last four years.
List of National Sports Award recipients in cricket | Introduction
The Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award is India's highest sporting honour.
List of Tamil people | Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award
The decision spurred criticism for ignoring the achievements of the shooter and Bhagwat and the National Rifle Association of India expressed their "disappointment" with the decision. Later, the government accepted all the recommendations "as an exception" and jointly awarded Beenamol and Bhagwat for the year 2002. In August 2013, the selection committee headed by Michael Ferreira recommended sport shooter Ronjan Sodhi for the award, with some committee members questioning the process of selection. A committee member noted that discus thrower Krishna Poonia, and Paralympic athlete Girisha Nagarajegowda were shortlisted and Sodhi was not the initial choice. However, Girisha's name was removed, and the final voting was done between Sodhi and Poonia.
Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna | Controversies
He stood first in the All India Radio music competition in 1981 and was awarded the President's gold medal and the Pandit D. V. Paluskar award.
Tejendra Majumdar | Awards
On 25 January 2020, the award has been bestowed upon seven recipients: George Fernandes, Arun Jaitley, Anerood Jugnauth, Mary Kom, Chhannulal Mishra, Sushma Swaraj, and Vishwesha Teertha.
Padma Vibhushan | Recipients
In September 2010, boxer Laishram Sarita Devi, a 2009 recipient, returned the award to protest corruption in the government's management of Indian sports.
List of people who have declined or renounced Indian honours and decorations | Returned the award
Poonia was accused of lobbying for the award by one of the committee member Anjali Bhagwat, but the accused met the then Union Sports Minister Jitendra Singh to promote her case and also rubbished the lobbying allegations. The Ministry conducted a separate enquiry by Secretary of Department of Sports and decided not to increase the number of awards "to maintain the stature of the awards". Following an announcement, in August 2015, that tennis player Sania Mirza was to be awarded, a Public-Interest Litigation was filed in the Karnataka High Court. The petitioner, Paralympic athlete Girisha, mentioned that his performance was ignored by the committee.
Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna | Controversies
S. Verma who served as 27th Chief Justice of India refused the posthumous conferral stating that "Verma himself would not have accepted" the honour as he "never hankered or lobbied for any acclaim, reward or favour." Kannada novelist K. Shivaram Karanth, who was awarded in 1968, returned his award to protest against the Emergency declared in the country in 1975. Novelist Khushwant Singh, who accepted the award in 1974 in the field of literature and education, returned it in 1984 as a notion of protest against the Operation Blue Star. Singh was later awarded with Padma Vibhushan in 2007. Pushpa Mittra Bhargava, 1986 recipient and scientist and founder-director of Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), returned his award in 2015 in protest of the Dadri mob lynching and out of concern at the "prevailing socio-politico situation" in the country.
Padma Bhushan | Refusals and controversies
The recipients are chosen from a pool of national and international nominees.
Indira Gandhi Prize | Introduction
Former recipients of the award include Mother Teresa, Shenai maestro Ustad Bismillah Khan, Grameen Bank founder Muhammad Yunus of Bangladesh, Former Assam Chief Minister Hiteswar Saikia and freedom fighter Subhadra Joshi (jointly), Lata Mangeshkar, Sunil Dutt, Jagan Nath Kaul, Dilip Kumar and author Kapila Vatsyayan, Wahiuddin Khan(Islamic scholar), Kiran Seth(founder of SPIC MACAY) (2011). Other recipients are civil society activists Teesta Setalvad and Harsh Mander (jointly), S N Subbarao, Swami Agnivesh and Madari Moideen (jointly), former President K R Narayanan, Nirmala Deshpande, Hem Dutta (2007), N Radhakrishnan and Gautam Bhai.
Rajiv Gandhi National Sadbhavana Award | Recipients
The Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna, officially known as Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award in Sports and Games, is the highest sporting honour of the Republic of India. The award is named after Rajiv Gandhi, former Prime Minister of India who served the office from 1984 to 1989. It is awarded annually by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports. The recipient(s) is/are selected by a committee constituted by the Ministry and is honoured for their "spectacular and most outstanding performance in the field of sports over a period of four years" at international level. , the award comprises a medallion, a certificate, and a cash prize of .
Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna | Introduction
The sportsperson with maximum points is given 80 marks. Rest of the sportspersons are given marks in proportion to the maximum points. For team events, marks are given as per the strength of the team. Following are the points defined for medals at the given events:
Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna | Selection process
A list of 100 names was presented to and compiled by a 28-member jury composed of actors, writers, sportspersons, entrepreneurs, and men and women of distinction in their fields. This jury included N. Ram (former Editor-In-Chief of "The Hindu"), Vinod Mehta (Editor-in-Chief of "Outlook"), Soli Sorabjee (Former Attorney General of India), Sharmila Tagore (Bollywood actress and former Chairperson of the Censor Board of India), Harsha Bhogle (sports), Chetan Bhagat (author), Ramachandra Guha (historian), Shashi Tharoor (politician and author), Nandan Nilekani, Rajkumar Hirani, Shabana Azmi and Arun Jaitley. They finalized a list of the top 50 nominees, which was released to the public on 4 June 2012, by CNN-IBN Editor-in-Chief Rajdeep Sardesai.
The Greatest Indian | Nominations and voting process
On 23 January 1992, a press release was published by the President's Secretariat to confer the award posthumously on Subhas Chandra Bose. The decision triggered much criticism and a PIL was filed in the Calcutta High Court to revoke the award. The petitioner took objection to the conferral of the award and its posthumous mention of Bose, saying that honouring a personality higher than the award is "ridiculous", and it was an act of "carelessness" to classify such a person with past and future recipients. It said that the award cannot be conferred to Bose posthumously as the Government had not officially accepted his death on 18 August 1945.
Bharat Ratna | Subhas Chandra Bose (1992)
The name of recipient, whose award have been revoked or restored, both of which require the authority of the President, is archived and they are required to surrender their medal when their name is struck from the register; none of the conferments of Padma Bhushan during 1954–1959 have been revoked or restored. The recommendations are received from all the state and the union territory governments, as well as from Ministries of the Government of India, the Bharat Ratna and the Padma Vibhushan awardees, the Institutes of Excellence, the Ministers, the Chief Ministers and the Governors of State, and the Members of Parliament including private individuals.
List of Padma Bhushan award recipients (1954–1959) | Introduction
Prabhu Chawla was awarded the Padma Bhushan by the Indian government in 2003. A chronological list of various awards and recognition -
Prabhu Chawla | Awards
In addition to the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize, he has been conferred the following awards also:
U. K. Anandavardhanan | Awards
On 31July, the newly formed government retracted all the civilian awards including the Padma Bhushan deeming them "worthless and politicized". After the 7th general election of 1980 Gandhi was again sworn in as the Prime Minister and all civilian awards were reinstated on 25January 1980. Consequently, this award was not presented in 1978 and 1979.
List of Padma Bhushan award recipients (1970–1979) | Introduction