The first European visitor to New Zealand, Dutch explorer Abel Tasman, named the islands "Staten Land", believing they were part of the Staten Landt that Jacob Le Maire had sighted off the southern end of South America. Hendrik Brouwer proved that the South American land was a small island in 1643, and Dutch cartographers subsequently renamed Tasman's discovery "Nova Zeelandia," from Latin, after the Dutch province of Zeeland. This name was later anglicised to "New Zealand". "Aotearoa" (pronounced in Māori and in English; often translated as "land of the long white cloud") is the current Māori name for New Zealand.
Etymology
New Zealand
New Zealand | Etymology
Dutch cartographers subsequently renamed Tasman's discovery "Nova Zeelandia," from Latin, after the Dutch province of Zeeland. The first European visitor to New Zealand, Dutch explorer Abel Tasman, named the islands "Staten Land", believing they were part of the Staten Landt that Jacob Le Maire had sighted off the southern end of South America. It was named after the Dutch province of Zeeland, "Nova Zeelandia," from Latin. Dutch cartographers subsequently renamed Tasman's discovery "Nova Zeelandia," from Latin, after the Dutch province of Zeeland. This name was later anglicised to "New Zealand".
is turkish airlines a member of the star alliance
user
Yes, from December 2006.
assistant
what is this alliance?
user
The world's largest global airline alliance.
assistant
why was it formed?
user
Sorry. I cannot find the answer based on the context.
assistant
who were the members?
user
VARIG, Ansett Australia and Air New Zealand.
assistant
what is the silver category?
user
It recognizes that you have shown a good degree of loyalty to Star Alliance member airlines and earns you two privileges that can make your journey smoother.
assistant
what about the gold?
user
It is given to customers who have reached a higher level of a member airline's frequent-flyer program.
assistant
earlier you mentioned about a few airlines, where is the third airline from?
user
New Zealand
assistant
where is this country located?
user
In the southwestern Pacific Ocean.
assistant
how did the name originate?
user
New Zealand place names derive mostly from Maori and from British sources. The Maori named most of New Zealand's natural features. When Europeans began arriving in New Zealand from the 17th century they gave their own names to many geographical features and settlements, often after places in Britain or important settlers or famous British people. Recently there has been a movement to revive some Maori names.
Place name origins | Place name origins in New Zealand
Placenames in New Zealand derive largely from British and Māori origins. An overview of naming practices can be found at New Zealand place names.
List of New Zealand place name etymologies | Introduction
Most New Zealand place names have Māori or British origins. Both groups used names to commemorate notable people, events, places from their homeland, and their ships, or to describe the surrounding area. It is unknown whether Māori had a name for the whole of New Zealand before the arrival of Europeans, but post-colonisation the name "Aotearoa" (commonly translated as 'long white cloud') has been used to refer to the whole country. Dutch cartographers named the islands "Nova Zeelandia," the Latin translation of the Dutch "Nieuw Zeeland" (after the Dutch province of Zeeland). By the time of British exploration, the country's name was anglicised to New Zealand.
New Zealand place names | Introduction
Zealandia (), also known as the New Zealand continent or Tasmantis, is a nearly submerged continental fragment that sank after breaking away from Australia 60–85 Ma (million years) ago, and most of it (93%) remains submerged beneath the Pacific Ocean. It derives its name from the island country of New Zealand which occupies the vast majority of its non-submerged land. Dutch explorers named the land "Nova Zeelandia" after the Dutch province of Zeeland, and British explorer James Cook subsequently anglicised the name to New Zealand.
List of continent name etymologies | <a href="Zealandia">Zealandia</a>
The first European visitor to New Zealand, Dutch explorer Abel Tasman, named the islands "Staten Land", believing they were part of the Staten Landt that Jacob Le Maire had sighted off the southern end of South America. Hendrik Brouwer proved that the South American land was a small island in 1643, and Dutch cartographers subsequently renamed Tasman's discovery "Nova Zeelandia," from Latin, after the Dutch province of Zeeland. This name was later anglicised to "New Zealand". "Aotearoa" (pronounced in Māori and in English; often translated as "land of the long white cloud") is the current Māori name for New Zealand.
New Zealand | Etymology
There are many places in New Zealand named after people and places in Europe, especially the United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland, and the Netherlands as a result of the many English, Scottish, Welsh, Irish, Dutch and other European settlers and explorers. These include the name "New Zealand" itself, as described below, along with several notable cities and regions: Small pockets of settlers from other European countries add to the identity and place names of specific New Zealand regions, most notably the Scandinavian-inspired place names of Dannevirke and Norsewood in southern Hawke's Bay.
European New Zealanders | Place names in New Zealand of European origin
After the adoption of the name New Zealand (anglicised from "Nova Zeelandia") by Europeans, one name used by Māori to denote the country as a whole was "Niu Tireni", a respelling of New Zealand derived from an approximate pronunciation.
Aotearoa | Usage
Mackenzie Country takes its name from a sheep stealer and King Country references the region where the Māori king defied colonial government for many years. Mountains and passes were named after their discoverers (Haast, Lewis) or scientists (Newton, Lyell). Other names were descriptive, such as Woodville, Island Bay, Riverton, Whitecliffs and Bluff. A few derive their names from descriptions in languages other than English or Māori, for example: Miramar, which means "sea view" in Spanish; and Inchbonnie, which means "beautiful" ("bonnie" in Lallands) "island" ("innis" in Scottish Gaelic).
New Zealand place names | European names
Aotearoa (; commonly pronounced by English speakers as ) is the Māori name for New Zealand. It was originally used by the Māori people in reference to only the North Island but, since the late 19th century, the word has come to refer to the country as a whole. Several meanings have been proposed for the name; the most popular translation usually given is "long white cloud", or variations thereof. This refers to the cloud formations which helped early Polynesian navigators find the country. Beginning in the late 20th century, "Aotearoa" is becoming widespread in the bilingual names of national organisations and institutions.
Aotearoa | Introduction
New Zealand is a country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. New Zealand may also refer to:
New Zealand (disambiguation) | Introduction
No known pre-contact Māori name for New Zealand as a whole survives, although the Māori had several names for the North and South Islands, including "Te Ika-a-Māui" (the fish of Māui) for the North Island and "Te Waipounamu" (the waters of greenstone) and "Te Waka o Aoraki" (the canoe of Aoraki) for the South Island. Until the early 20th century, Māori also referred to the North Island as "Aotearoa" (commonly translated as 'long white cloud'); in modern Māori usage this has become the name for the whole country. Dutch explorer Abel Tasman was the first European to sight New Zealand, in 1642.
New Zealand place names | Country and main islands
He named it "Staten Land" "in honour of the States General" (Dutch parliament). He wrote, "it is possible that this land joins to the Staten Land but it is uncertain", referring to a landmass of the same name at the southern tip of South America, discovered by Jacob Le Maire in 1616. Hendrik Brouwer proved that the South American land was an island in 1643, and Dutch cartographers subsequently renamed Tasman's discovery "Nova Zeelandia," from Latin, after the Dutch province of Zeeland. "Nova Zeelandia" later became "Nieuw Zeeland" in Dutch. It is unknown when this was anglicised to New Zealand, but when British explorer James Cook left on his first voyage of discovery in 1768, the sealed orders given to him by the British Admiralty ordered him to proceed "...to the Westward between the Latitude beforementioned and the Latitude of 35° until’ you discover it, or fall in with the Eastern side of the Land discover’d by Tasman and now called "New Zeland."" The 1840 Letters Patent established New Zealand as a British colony and claimed the "principal islands" of New Zealand, identified by their commonly known names at the time: the Northern Island (the North Island), the Middle Island (the South Island) and Stewart's Island or "South Island".
New Zealand place names | Country and main islands
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to New Zealand: New Zealand is an island nation located in the western South Pacific Ocean comprising two large islands, the North Island and the South Island, and numerous smaller islands, most notably Stewart Island/Rakiura and the Chatham Islands. The indigenous Māori originally called the North Island Aotearoa, commonly translated into English as "The Land of the Long White Cloud"; "Aotearoa" is now used as the Maori language name for the entire country. New Zealand is situated about southeast of Australia across the Tasman Sea, its closest neighbours to the north being New Caledonia, Fiji and Tonga.
Outline of New Zealand | Introduction
Many Māori place names possess either historical or mythological significance. Their meaning is not always apparent from literal translations, but some interpretations have passed down through oral tradition. Before the arrivals of Europeans, place names often commemorated notable or historical incidents, described features of the location or derived from traditional "Hawaiki" names or myths. After European arrival many locations became known under names representing Māori versions of European words or poorly-pronounced contractions of the original Māori names. Early Māori explorers such as Kupe, Ngahue, and Toi named many of New Zealand's coastal features. Like later European explorers, they named things after themselves, their family members and events that occurred at the newly discovered locations.
New Zealand place names | Māori names
New Zealand (NZ) is a country in the southwest Pacific Ocean. NZ or nz may also refer to:
NZ (disambiguation) | Introduction
The origin of the name "waitoreke" is not well documented; it may have been an invention. It does not occur in Tregear's fairly comprehensive Māori dictionary of 1891, and was said to be "ungrammatical" by leading Māori anthropologist Te Rangi Hīroa. Despite this, etymologies have been put forward by researchers: Since European settlement (late 18th century onwards) the animal has also been referred to as the "New Zealand otter", "Māori otter", "New Zealand beaver", "New Zealand muskrat" and "New Zealand platypus" based on various accounts and theories.
Waitoreke | Etymology
The letters patent attempted to rename the islands New Ulster, New Munster and New Leinster after the provinces in Ireland. New Ulster, New Munster and New Leinster were also used for the initial provinces of New Zealand, but the names did not endure. In the 1830s the South Island was used as an alternative to Middle Island and by 1907 it became the common name. The North and South Island names arose through common usage rather than official declaration and in 2009 it was revealed that they had never been formalised.
New Zealand place names | Country and main islands
The New Zealand Geographic Board discovered in 2009 that the names of the North Island and South Island had never been formalised, and names and alternative names were formalised in 2013. This set the names as North Island or Te Ika-a-Māui, and South Island or Te Waipounamu. For each island, either its English or Māori name can be used, or both can be used together.
New Zealand | Etymology
Many of the locations in the southern South Island of New Zealand, especially those in Central Otago and the Maniototo, were named by John Turnbull Thomson, who had surveyed the area in the late 1850s. Many of these placenames are of Northumbrian origin, as was Thomson himself. There is a widespread, probably apocryphal, belief that the naming of many places was through a disagreement with the New Zealand surveying authorities. It has long been suggested that Thomson originally intended to give either classical or traditional Maori names to many places, but these names were refused. In response, Thomson gave prosaic Northumbrian names to them, often simply in the form of a Northumbrian dialectic name for an animal The Maniototo region around the town of Ranfurly is rife with such names as Kyeburn, Gimmerburn, Hoggetburn, and Wedderburn as a result.
List of New Zealand place name etymologies | Thomson's Barnyard
The New Zealand Geographic Placenames Database, maintained by Land Information New Zealand (LINZ), shows the official name with macrons "".
Taumatawhakatangi­hangakoauauotamatea­turipukakapikimaunga­horonukupokaiwhen­uakitanatahu | Other versions
Henderson is named after early colonial settler Thomas Henderson, a Scottish immigrant who purchased land from Ngati Whatua in 1844 and established a timber mill in the area in ca. 1847 to process the logs of kauri trees which were cut from the Henderson Valley and further upstream, from the eastern flanks of the Waitākere Ranges.
Henderson, New Zealand | Origins
Another one claims that the name originates from the tomatoes which began to grow wild on the island.
Paradajz | Geography
While the demonym for a New Zealand citizen is New Zealander, the informal "Kiwi" is commonly used both internationally and by locals. The name derives from the kiwi, a native flightless bird, which is the national symbol of New Zealand. The Māori loanword "Pākehā" usually refers to New Zealanders of European descent, although some reject this appellation, and some Māori use it to refer to all non-Polynesian New Zealanders. Most people born in New Zealand or one of the realm's external territories (Tokelau, the Ross Dependency, the Cook Islands and Niue) before 2006 are New Zealand citizens. Further conditions apply for those born from 2006 onwards.
Demographics of New Zealand | Terminology
It is unknown whether Māori had a name for the whole country before the arrival of Europeans, with "Aotearoa" originally referring to just the North Island. Māori had several traditional names for the two main islands, including "Te Ika-a-Māui" (the fish of Māui) for the North Island and "Te Waipounamu" (the waters of greenstone) or "Te Waka o Aoraki" (the canoe of Aoraki) for the South Island. Early European maps labelled the islands North (North Island), Middle (South Island) and South (Stewart Island / Rakiura). In 1830, mapmakers began to use "North" and "South" on their maps to distinguish the two largest islands and by 1907 this was the accepted norm.
New Zealand | Etymology
The latter means "indicates, resembles". The word * can have two different meanings: it can mean on the one hand "seal" (in modern Danish ) and on the other hand mean "deep bay, fjord". Since the main settlement on Zealand was previously Roskilde, which is only accessible by sea through the narrow Roskilde Fjord (branched from the Ise Fjord), it is usually assumed that the sailors named the island after this.
Zealand | Etymology
Many of the early Māori names were replaced by Europeans during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Government amendments in 1894 and the establishment of the New Zealand Geographic Board in the mid-1940s led to the encouragement of original Māori names, although differing spellings and anglicised pronunciations persisted. Many names now have alternative or dual English and Māori names or, in a few rare cases, dual Māori names or dual English names. Most names have never been made official, but if they are mentioned in authoritative publications they are considered recorded names. Colloquial names in New Zealand result from an ironic view of the place's entertainment value, or plays on advertising mottos, or are shortened versions of the full name.
New Zealand place names | Introduction
The southern South Island of New Zealand was settled by the Free Church of Scotland, and many of its placenames are of Scottish Gaelic origin (including some directly named for places in Scotland). The placename Strath Taieri combines the Gaelic "Srath" with the Māori river name Taieri.
Scottish Gaelic place names | New Zealand
Kahumatamomoe named Manukau Harbour after a manuka stake that he used to claim ownership of the area, and Kaipara Harbour after the para fern he ate there ("kai" means food). The Māori name for Wellington Harbour, "Te Whanganui a Tara" (the great harbour of Tara), derives from Tara, a grandson of Kupe and ancestor of several local "iwi". Names from other islands visited during the Polynesian migrations have become attached to some New Zealand landmarks, for example Raratoka Island (from Rarotonga) and Tawhiti (from Tahiti). Whakatane, Rangitoto Island, Taupo, Urewera, Ngongotahā, and Tikitapu all commemorate incidents that occurred during the early arrivals, many of which are now forgotten.
New Zealand place names | Māori names
The earliest European pioneers in Wellington knew the area that became Hataitai as "Jenkins Estate". The name "Hataitai" originated with the syndicate which sub-divided it for building in 1901, and derives from , the ancient Maori name for present-day Miramar. The ridge of the hill was thought to represent the petrified remains of the great taniwha (sea monster) Whataitai, one of the two creatures who helped form the harbour of Te Whanganui-a-Tara (Wellington Harbour). When one taniwha broke through the rock that separated the then lake from Cook Strait (the story goes), the waters rushed out, leaving Whātaitai stranded on rocks.
Hataitai | Origin of name
Early Europeans replaced most of the original Māori names with their own, although they retained some Māori names, especially in the north and central regions of the North Island. The Royal Geographical Society of London was responsible for place names until 1894 when authority was given to the governor of New Zealand. The future Prime Minister Joseph Ward moved an amendment in 1894 that gave preference to Māori names for any new features and allowed the alteration of misspelt names (although this did not always occur). In 1924 the Honorary Geographic Board of New Zealand was set up by the government to advise on place names, and in 1946 the New Zealand Parliament established the New Zealand Geographic Board (NZGB) and gave it power to change or implement Māori and English names.
New Zealand place names | Post-colonial recognition
Many Scottish names occur in Otago and Southland (the Lammerlaws, Invercargill, Wedderburn, Glenfalloch) and Scottish settlers also named Riccarton and the Avon River in Christchurch. Canterbury has an English flavour to its nomenclature with Christchurch and Oxford, but also contains Belfast and French names throughout the Akaroa area. Scandinavian migrants left their mark in the Seventy Mile Bush with Dannevirke and Norsewood and some of the suburbs and streets of Auckland and Wellington reflect Australian immigration (Footscray and Botany Downs). There is very little Asian influence in New Zealand place naming, with Khandallah in Wellington and Cashmere (Kashmir) in Christchurch, reflecting British imperial connections rather than Indian influence.
New Zealand place names | Regional patterns
As classified by Statistics New Zealand, the 2013 New Zealand census recorded the following population figures for the group by birthplace:
Northwestern European people | New Zealand
The name Swannanoa originated from American John Evans Brown (Yankee Brown), who named the land he settled after a Native American settlement. The Swannanoa Homestead has for many years been farmed by the Petrie Family.
Swannanoa, New Zealand | Naming
The "Coromandel", "Chatham" and "Pegasus" ships visited New Zealand's shores between 1791 and 1820 and were used to name Coromandel Peninsula, Chatham Islands, Pegasus Bay and Port Pegasus. Stewart Island was named after the first officer aboard the "Pegasus". Most European names came during the 1840s to the 1910s and were given by surveyors who worked for colonising associations or provincial governments. Names acknowledged the colonising associations sponsors (Hutt Valley, Wakefield, Port Chalmers, Ashburton), ships (Bombay), government officials (Featherston, Rolleston, Invercargill), politicians (Foxton, Fox Glacier, Gisborne) and church leaders (Selwyn). Military heroes and famous battles were popular place names, with Auckland, Napier, Hastings, Havelock, Wellington, Picton, Marlborough, Nelson and Blenheim.
New Zealand place names | European names
In New Zealand, both terms appear to be used interchangeably.
Five-eighth | Etymology
Unofficial late 19th century names for New Zealand included "Maoriland" and "God's Own Country". The former occurred widely in the labour movement and an early labour newspaper was named the "Maoriland Worker". Premier Richard John Seddon (in power 1893–1906) popularised "God's Own Country". Both names fell out of popularity in the 20th century, although "God's Own Country" (or "Godzone") still occasionally appears. Latinate names for the country have included "Zealandia" and "Nova Zealandia". Many cities and towns have nicknames based on a prominent feature or one which promoters wish to emphasise. Christchurch is promoted as the "Garden City" and Auckland is commonly referred to as the "city of sails".
New Zealand place names | Unofficial names
British politicians and royalty lent their names to Russell, Palmerston, Cromwell, Queenstown and Alexandra, while Franz Josef is named after the Austrian emperor. Royal names are more popular for streets than towns or geographical features, although both Auckland and Wellington have Mount Victoria. Gore is named after governor Thomas Gore Browne and George Grey's name is used for Greytown, Greymouth, Grey Lynn and many natural features. Relatively few names are derived from British towns, with Dunedin (after Edinburgh—"Dùn Éideann" in Scottish Gaelic), New Plymouth and the Canterbury Province among the most notable. Many inland locations (including Helensville, Dargaville, Morrinsville, Bulls, Masterton and Levin) were named after the early settlers.
New Zealand place names | European names
Aotearoa is the Māori name for New Zealand. Aotearoa may also refer to:
Aotearoa (disambiguation) | Introduction
The name did not come into common use and was eventually transferred to an adjacent hill.
Mount Pleasant (New Zealand) | Etymology
The name "Newzealandia" comes from New Zealand, the country in which the species of the genus are found.
Newzealandia | Etymology
In 1998, as a result of the settling of the Ngāi Tahu Treaty claim, New Zealand's tallest mountain officially became Aoraki / Mount Cook. There are also a few English dual names, with Wellington Harbour also officially known as Port Nicholson. Māori groups have campaigned to correct inaccurately-spelled or -pronounced Māori-language place names. In 2000 the Geographic Board declined a local "iwi" suggestion to rename the Wellington suburb of Hataitai to "Whataitai" (the name of a "taniwha" (sea-monster) which legend says lived in Wellington Harbour). In 2009 the NZGB recommended renaming the city of Wanganui to Whanganui as the town was originally named after the Whanganui River and the word "wanga" is not in the Māori lexicon.
New Zealand place names | Post-colonial recognition
Australian place names are mainly a mixture of aboriginal and British-derived toponyms.
Place name origins | Place name origins in Australia
Statistics are based on the 58,297 births registered in New Zealand during 2013.
List of most common surnames in Oceania | New Zealand
The original meaning of is not known. The word can be broken up as: ("cloud, dawn, daytime or world"), ("white, clear or bright") and ("long"). It can also be broken up as = the name of one of the migratory canoes that travelled to New Zealand, and = long. One literal translation is ‘long white cloud’, commonly lengthened to ‘the land of the long white cloud’. Alternative translations are ‘long bright world’ or ‘land of abiding day’ referring to the length and quality of the New Zealand daylight (when compared to the shorter days found further north in Polynesia).
Aotearoa | Etymology
In Norse mythology as told in the "Gylfaginning", the island was created by the goddess Gefjun after she tricked Gylfi, the king of Sweden. She removed a piece of land and transported it to Denmark, which became Zealand. The vacant area was filled with water and became Mälaren. However, since modern maps show a similarity between Zealand and the Swedish lake Vänern, it is sometimes identified as the hole left by Gefjun. Gefjun is queen of King Skjöldr, eponymous ancestor of the Scyldings, related to the etymological debate.
Zealand | Mythological origins
The exact origin of the Danish name "Sjælland" is controversial. in Danish today means "soul", but based on older records one can exclude this interpretation. Even a derivation derived from "/" (meaning "sea") corresponding closely to the English name is today largely rejected – but it could be speculated that the English came up with their own separate name prior to the start of Danish research on the name's origin, and may have caused people thinking Sjælland means Zealand. The prevailing view today is: the Old Danish form comes from a composition of the word * with the ending *"wundia-".
Zealand | Etymology
The government decided later in 2009 to accept both "Whanganui" and "Wanganui" as alternative official names. The spelling "Wanganui" may have originated to reflect the dialectal pronunciation of local Māori, who pronounce 'wh' (an "f"-like sound in other dialects) as – a glottalised "w".
New Zealand place names | Post-colonial recognition
Before 1959, "Tawa" was known as "Tawa Flat", a reference to the flat and arable floor of the valley as it widened out in the Tawa area. The first known use of the name "Tawa Flat" was by John Woodman who used it as his address in the Electoral Roll for the Wellington Country District, published in the "Wellington Provincial Gazette" of 28 August 1854. As others living in the area gave their address in the 1854 roll as "Porirua Road", it is possible that John Woodman was the originator of the name. When New Zealand became a separate Colony from New South Wales in 1841, the Royal Charter established three provinces.
Tawa, New Zealand | Name origin and local government
Thousands of Māori placenames (with or without anglicisation) are now official in New Zealand. These include: Many New Zealand rivers and lakes have Māori names; these names predominantly use the prefixes "wai-" (water) and "roto-" (lake) respectively. Examples include the Waikato, Waipa and Waimakariri rivers, and lakes Rotorua, Rotomahana and Rotoiti. Some Treaty of Waitangi settlements have included placename changes.
List of English words of Māori origin | Placenames
It seems probable it was named after Atholl in Perthshire, Scotland and this might be because the Superintendent of Southland Province at the time of the survey, Dr. James Menzies, came from there.
Athol, New Zealand | Name
Maketu and Mount Moehau are two of the few remaining names connected to places in "Hawaiki". The use of Polynesian mythology in names is more apparent, with Tāne (the forest god) lending his name to Ōtāne and Taneatua, among others.
New Zealand place names | Māori names
The origin of the name Kerikeri is not exactly known, and there have been many conflicting definitions given over the years. It is likely Kerikeri derives its name from the river as John Nicholas wrote "the river that discharged itself into the cove was called by the natives Tecaddiecaddie...". after visiting the area in 1815. The definition of the word Kerikeri most widely known by pākehā (New Zealanders of European descent) is 'dig dig', or 'to keep digging'. It is known that Māori had extensive gardens in the area when Europeans arrived. Another definition derives from "Kerikeri te ana wai" — "the churning or boiling over of the waters".
Kerikeri | Origins and naming
A third possible origin of the names is "Tā-Maki", meaning "successful attack by Maki", which was the name of a local tribal chief.
Tamaki, New Zealand | Related names
New Zealand ( ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island ("Te Ika-a-Māui") and the South Island ("Te Waipounamu")—and around 600 smaller islands, covering a total area of . New Zealand is about east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and south of the islands of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. The country's varied topography and sharp mountain peaks, including the Southern Alps, owe much to tectonic uplift and volcanic eruptions. New Zealand's capital city is Wellington, and its most populous city is Auckland. Owing to their remoteness, the islands of New Zealand were the last large habitable lands to be settled by humans.
New Zealand | Introduction
Similarly, some places in New Zealand have dual Maori and English names, such as Aoraki / Mount Cook. The practice of officially giving certain New Zealand places dual names began in the 1920s, but dual names have become much more common in the 1990s and 2000s, in part due to Treaty of Waitangi settlements.
Dual naming | New Zealand
This is a list of places in New Zealand with reduplicated names, often as a result of the grammatical rules of the Māori language from which many of the names derive. In Maori, both partial and full reduplication occurs. The change in sense is sometimes to reduce the intensity of the meaning, e.g. "wera", hot, "werawera", warm. The information in the list below is sourced from the Heinemann New Zealand Atlas, Copyright Department of Lands and Survey Information (maps) and Octopus Publishing Group (NZ) Ltd (text), first published in 1987, reprinted 1990,
List of reduplicated New Zealand place names | Introduction
The following shows the country of origin from which the singles originate regardless of who the artist is.
New Zealand top 50 singles of 2013 | By single
The local iwi (Māori tribe) was Ngai Tai, people of Tainui descent. They had lived there for around 300 years with pa (fortified villages) at Ohuiarangi (Pigeon Mountain), Te Waiarohia (Musick Point) and Tuwakamana (Cockle Bay).
Howick, New Zealand | Maori origins
The following shows the country of origin from which the singles originate regardless of who the artist is.
New Zealand top 50 singles of 2014 | By single
In a similar vein, Murray (1966) speculates that the Norse ("herd island", , ), may be the origin.
Hirta | Etymology
Broad New Zealand, much like Broad Australian, began taking hold in the late 1800s when people from the British Isles brought their varieties of English to New Zealand. Its drawl in is caused by vowel shifts and diphthongization.
Drawl | Broad New Zealand
For three years the small village was known as Tutaenui, named after the stream running through its centre. In 1869 local citizens changed the name to Marton to honour the birthplace of Captain James Cook in Middlesbrough, marking his landing in New Zealand exactly 100 years earlier. It is not known if this change of name was influenced by the mistranslation of 'tutae' (meaning 'dung') and 'nui' (meaning 'large'). (Actual translation: 'tu' -stand, 'tae' -arrive, 'nui' big; i.e., a 'big gathering'). From the start Marton was an ideal supply centre for district farmers, who first began arriving in the early 1850s.
Marton, New Zealand | History
The name is probably of Germanic origin; "*Granahua": "gran" – spruce, "ahua" – water.
Hron | Etymology
A.W. Reed recorded that the locality was first known as Paradise Flat, and that a popular (but not universally accepted) view attributes the name to an abundance of paradise shelducks. Another contention, supported by Alfred Duncan's article, "Paradise and the Maori" in the "Lake Wakatip Mail", in 1860, suggests that the area was named because of its beauty.
Paradise, New Zealand | Origin of the name
Ngaire (; sometimes anglicised as Nyree ), is a name most often found in New Zealand. It is possibly derived from the Māori "Ngaere", but its origins are unclear except for the usage in New Zealand and that the pronunciation follows Maori phonetics. Further support to the possible origin is given by the 19th century spelling of the Taranaki town Ngaere that was corrected from "Ngaire" to "Ngaere" in 1909. Unreferenced sources claim that it originally refers to a small swamp flower, or that it means . Referenced sources suggest that the name does have a link to marshy terrain.
Ngaire | Introduction
Ranfurly itself was originally called "Eweburn". The area is still occasionally referred to as "Thomson's Barnyard" or the "Farmyard Patch".
List of New Zealand place name etymologies | Thomson's Barnyard
The first Europeans known to reach New Zealand were the crew of Dutch explorer Abel Tasman who arrived in his ships "Heemskerck" and "Zeehaen". Tasman anchored at the northern end of the South Island in Golden Bay (he named it Murderers' Bay) in December 1642 and sailed northward to Tonga following an attack by local Māori. Tasman sketched sections of the two main islands' west coasts. Tasman called them "Staten Landt", after the "States General of the Netherlands", and that name appeared on his first maps of the country. In 1645 Dutch cartographers changed the name to "Nova Zeelandia" in Latin, from "Nieuw Zeeland", after the Dutch province of "Zeeland".
History of New Zealand | Early European exploration
The name "Okaihau" is a Maori name meaning "Feast of the winds", which is relevant to the location of the area on a ridge over 200 m above sea level. This part of New Zealand was originally a dense wooded landscape and even today huge old trees such as puriri are found in the area of the school.
Ōkaihau | Name
The term "Palagi", pronounced Palangi, is Samoan in origin and is used in similar ways to Pākehā, usually by people of Samoan or other Pacific Island descent.
European New Zealanders | Palagi
The area was named New Zealand by Gould Crouse, whose Loyalist father Philip, born in Zealand in the Netherlands, came to New Brunswick from North Carolina after the American Revolution. Settlers of Keswick Valley included the surnames Alieen (Allen), Brouwer (Brewer), Kraus (Crouse), Jansen (Hanson), Jurkse (Yerxa) and Lauren (Lawrence), just to name a few.
Zealand, New Brunswick | History
This is a list of the countries of origin. The numbers indicate the people born in their home countries and people born in New Zealand of Scandinavian.
Scandinavian New Zealanders | Countries of origin
A. W. Reed lists four plausible origins for the fiord's name in his seminal "Place Names of New Zealand" (1975). The most favoured of these possibilities is that it was named for Jim Caswell, a half-caste Māori or Australian Aborigine guide to an early 19th-century sealing party. Reed does, however, also detail correspondence he had received that suggested that Royal Navy Commander William Caswell was in charge of a survey of the sounds during the 1830s and that other place names in the area make his a likely origin of the name. Confusing things further is the presence of two other naval officers with the surname Caswell (George and Thomas) who had visited the area.
Taitetimu / Caswell Sound | Name
Many of New Zealand's place names have never been officially approved by the NZGB. They either fall outside the board's jurisdiction (homesteads, lighthouses) or were common names before the board was established and have never been officially formalised. Unofficial recorded names are defined as "names that have appeared in at least two publicly available authoritative publications or databases". Recorded names include major cities (Wellington, Auckland, Hamilton, Christchurch), mountains (Mount Tasman, Mount Dampier), islands (Auckland Islands, Great Barrier Island) and many other geographical features. New Zealand and various parts of it have acquired a range of colloquial names over the years.
New Zealand place names | Unofficial names
Abel Tasman originally gave the name Staten Landt to what would become New Zealand. Staaten River is a river in the Cape York Peninsula, Australia.
States General of the Netherlands | Etymology
The Māori language word "" is generally accepted to be "of imitative origin" from the call. However, some linguists derive the word from Proto-Nuclear Polynesian "*kiwi", which refers to "Numenius tahitiensis", the bristle-thighed curlew, a migratory bird that winters in the tropical Pacific islands. With its long decurved bill and brown body, the curlew resembles the kiwi. So when the first Polynesian settlers arrived, they may have applied the word kiwi to the new-found bird. The genus name "Apteryx" is derived from Ancient Greek "without wing": "a-", "without" or "not"; "pterux", "wing". The name is usually uncapitalised, with the plural either the anglicised "kiwis" or, consistent with the Māori language, appearing as "kiwi" without an "‑s".
Kiwi (bird) | Etymology
New Munster was an early original European name for the South Island of New Zealand, given by the Governor of New Zealand, Captain William Hobson, in honour of Munster, the Irish province in which he was born.
New Munster Province | Introduction
The vernacular names are of Māori origin.
Griselinia | New Zealand species
The name derives from Latin, which refers to its distribution (New Caledonia).
Iridomyrmex neocaledonica | Etymology
Wellington takes its name from Arthur Wellesley, the first Duke of Wellington and victor of the Battle of Waterloo (1815): his title comes from the town of Wellington in the English county of Somerset. It was named in November 1840 by the original settlers of the New Zealand Company on the suggestion of the directors of the same, in recognition of the Duke's strong support for the company's principles of colonisation and his "strenuous and successful defence against its enemies of the measure for colonising South Australia". One of the founders of the settlement, Edward Jerningham Wakefield, reported that the settlers "took up the views of the directors with great cordiality and the new name was at once adopted".
Wellington | Toponymy
The following shows the country of origin from which the singles originate regardless of who the artist is.
New Zealand top 50 singles of 2015 | By single
The census form asked the question (a.) "Country where born..." (b.) "Race".)
1916 New Zealand census | Race
The lineage of most of the national founders of New Zealand was British (especially English) such as: Various other founders of New Zealand have also been unofficially recognised:
European New Zealanders | National founders
As with many other places in Fiordland, the exact origins of the European name for the fiord - Nancy Sound - are unclear, due primarily to most of the early European exploration coming from sealers and whalers. The most likely origin for the name is that the fiord was named after the "Nancy", a ship under the command of John Grono, who in turn was one of the first Europeans to explore the area prior to 1823. In October 2019, the name of the fiord was officially altered to include the Māori name for the fiord, "Hinenui" (translating as 'big woman').
Hinenui / Nancy Sound | Name
This extinct marine species was endemic to New Zealand
Splendrillia edita | Distribution
Zealandia is in area, larger than Greenland or India, and almost half the size of Australia. It is unusually slender, stretching from New Caledonia in the north to beyond New Zealand's subantarctic islands in the south (from latitude 19° south to 56° south, analogous to ranging from Haiti to Hudson Bay or from Sudan to Sweden in the Northern Hemisphere). New Zealand is the greatest part of Zealandia above sea level, followed by New Caledonia. Given its continental origin as a fragment of Zealandia, unlike many of the islands of the Pacific such as the Hawaiian chain, New Caledonia is not of geographically recent volcanic provenance.
Geography of New Caledonia | Zealandian origin
This genus occurs off New Zealand.
Stilla | Distribution
This theory was endorsed in "Oregon Geographic Names" as "the most plausible explanation".
Oregon Country | Name origin
Its North Island range spans from Te Paki in Northland to near Mokau in Waikato. Its South Island range is limited to north-west Nelson.
Diploblechnum fraseri | New Zealand
From there, some migrated down to the western Polynesian islands of Samoa and Tonga while others island-hopped eastward, all the way from Otong Java in the Solomons to the Society Islands of Tahiti and Ra'iatea (once called Havai'i, or Hawaiki). From there, a succession of migrant waves colonised the rest of eastern Polynesia, as far as Hawai'i in the north, the Marquesas Islands and Rapa Nui (Easter Island) in the east, and lastly New Zealand in the far south. Analysis by Kayser "et al." (2008) discovered that only 21 per cent of the Māori-Polynesian autosomal gene pool is of Melanesian origin, with the rest (79 per cent) being of East Asian origin.
Māori history | Origins from Polynesia
The Māori-language name means "burnt place"; it arose as a result of fighting between two local sub-tribes, which culminated in the setting ablaze of the sleeping whare (house) of the tribe under attack. An older Māori name was , referring to the patatē or seven-finger tree "Schefflera digitata". Spelled "Hawera" for most of its European history, a macron was added to the official name by the New Zealand Geographic Board in June 2019.
Hāwera | Pre-European history
Until the early 20th Century, an alternative Māori name for the North Island was Aotearoa. In present usage, Aotearoa is a collective Māori name for New Zealand as a whole.
North Island | Māori mythology
New Zealand ("") is an island country located in the south-western Pacific Ocean, near the centre of the water hemisphere. It consists of a large number of islands, estimated around 600, mainly remnants of a larger land mass now beneath the sea. The two main islands by size are the North Island (or "Te Ika-a-Māui") and the South Island (or "Te Waipounamu"), separated by the Cook Strait. The third-largest is Stewart Island (or "Rakiura"), located off the tip of the South Island across Foveaux Strait. Other islands are significantly smaller in area. The three largest islands stretch across latitudes 34° to 47° south.
Geography of New Zealand | Introduction
The species name "kahuica" is derived from "Kahu", a Māori personal name, and was part of the tribal name of the principal Māori tribe in the Hawke's Bay district of New Zealand.
Planorbis kahuica | Etymology
The word 'Wainui-o-mata' is a Māori name made up of the words Wai = water, Nui = big, O = of, and Mata – which could refer to a woman's name. The origins of the word are disputed, but one commonly accepted translation refers to the women who came over the Wainuiomata Hill to evade marauding tribes from the north, and who sat wailing by the stream after the slaughter of their menfolk. From this we have 'faces streaming with water' or 'tears' although it could equally refer to the large pools of water which lay over the swampy surface (face) of the northern end of the Valley, or the river itself which is known to flood the Wainui (Coast Road) valley.
Wainuiomata | Origin of name
Other versions of the name, including longer ones, are also sometimes used.
Taumatawhakatangi­hangakoauauotamatea­turipukakapikimaunga­horonukupokaiwhen­uakitanatahu | Introduction
Official place names in New Zealand are usually determined by the New Zealand Geographic Board (Ngā Pou Taunaha o Aotearoa). In cases where there have been objections to a proposed name, a final decision is made by the Minister of Lands. A large number of dual names have been conferred not by the NZGB, but were negotiated as part of Treaty of Waitangi claims settlements and then enacted by Parliament. The 1998 Ngāi Tahu settlement alone established 87 dual names, including Aoraki / Mount Cook.
List of dual place names in New Zealand | Assignment
Kilbirnie takes its name after the town of Kilbirnie in Scotland. It was named by Coutts Crawford, who initially owned the land. Two streets in the area are named for him.
Kilbirnie, New Zealand | Etymology
Linguists have reconstructed the term to Proto-Nuclear Polynesian "*sawaiki". The Māori word figures in legends about the arrival of the Māori in Aotearoa (New Zealand). The same concept appears in other Polynesian cultures, the name appearing variously as "Havaiki", "Havaii", or "Avaiki" in other Polynesian languages. "Hawaiki" or the misspelling "Hawaiiki" appear to have become the most common variants used in English. Although the Sāmoans have preserved no traditions of having originated elsewhere, the name of the largest Sāmoan island preserves a cognate with the word "Hawaiki", as does the name of the Polynesian islands of (the denoting a glottal stop that replaces the "k" in some Polynesian languages).
Hawaiki | Etymology
The word "Wainui-o-Mata" is a Māori name made up of the elements "wai" (water), "nui" (big), "o" (of) and "Mata" – which could refer to a woman's name. The origins of the name remain disputed, but one commonly accepted explanation refers to women who came over the Wainuiomata Hill to evade marauding tribes from the north, and who sat wailing by the stream after the slaughter of their menfolk. From this we have "faces streaming with water" or "tears" - although the name could equally refer to the large pools of water which lay over the swampy surface (face) of the northern end of the Valley, or to the river itself, which can flood the Wainui (Coast Road) valley.
Wainuiomata River | Origin of name
Scientists examining it have suggested that it was from New Zealand and was in fact the lost "kawekaweau", a giant and mysterious forest lizard of Maori oral tradition. Attempts to extract DNA from the sole specimen in 1994 were unsuccessful though ancient DNA technology has significantly advanced since then. Trevor Worthy suggests that the specimen originated on an island of New Caledonia rather than New Zealand, due to a lack of fossil evidence.
Hoplodactylus delcourti | History