Sir Adolphe-Basile Routhier (May 8, 1839 – June 27, 1920) was a Canadian judge, author, and lyricist. He wrote the lyrics of the original French version of the Canadian national anthem "O Canada". He was born in Saint-Placide, Quebec, to Charles Routhier and Angélique Lafleur.
Introduction
Adolphe-Basile Routhier
Adolphe-Basile Routhier | Introduction
It was originally written in French Yes, in French Yes, in French. The original lyrics were in French.
when did the lyrics to o canada change
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In 1990, 2002, 2018
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does this song have any relation to the country it is about?
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Yes - 'O Canada' is the national anthem of Canada.
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who is the composer of this song?
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Calixa Lavallée
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where is he from?
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Born near Verchères, Quebec in Canada
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can you name some other works of his apart from the former song?
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At age 13, Lavallée performed a piano concert at the Théâtre royal de Montréal; Lavallée worked as a pianist, organist and music teacher, and also conducted orchestral and operatic productions in concert halls, including the Montréal Academy of Music in Montréal
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was the national anthem also written in different languages?
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Yes- English and French.
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who was this song adopted by?
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Special Joint Committee of the Senate and House of Commons on the National and Royal Anthems
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when was the house you mentioned established?
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1867
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who did this house include?
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Speaker, deputy speaker, deputy chair of Committees, assistant deputy chair of Committees
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was the anthem originally written in another language?
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Sir Adolphe-Basile Routhier (May 8, 1839 – June 27, 1920) was a Canadian judge, author, and lyricist. He wrote the lyrics of the original French version of the Canadian national anthem "O Canada". He was born in Saint-Placide, Quebec, to Charles Routhier and Angélique Lafleur.
Adolphe-Basile Routhier | Introduction
Jean-Baptiste Day ceremony, and was officially adopted in 1980. Calixa Lavallée wrote the music, which was a setting of a patriotic poem composed by the poet and judge Sir Adolphe-Basile Routhier. The text was originally only in French before it was adapted into English in 1906.
Canada | Music
The original French words were written in June 1871 by Eugène Pottier (1816–1887, previously a member of the Paris Commune) and were originally intended to be sung to the tune of "La Marseillaise". In 1888 Pierre De Geyter (1848–1932) set the earlier lyrics to a new melody, composed especially for Pottier's lyrics. De Geyter's melody was first publicly performed in July 1888, and soon thereafter Pottier's lyrics became closely associated with, and widely used with, De Geyter's new melody. Thus "The Internationale" gained an identity that was entirely distinct, and no longer in any way directly tied to the French national anthem, the Marseillaise.
The Internationale | Copyright
The anthem was written for the fraternity by famous Swiss composer Abbé Joseph Bovet (who also composed „Our chalet“, a song of the French Resistance). It is one of the very few student anthems with an own melody.
AV Fryburgia | Anthem
The "Chant du départ" (French for "Song of Departure") is a revolutionary and war song written by Étienne Méhul (music) and Marie-Joseph Chénier (words) in 1794. It was the official anthem of the First Empire. The song was nicknamed "the brother of the Marseillaise" by Republican soldiers. The song was first performed on 14 July 1794. 18,000 copies of the music sheets were immediately printed and distributed to the army. Its original title was "Anthem to Liberty"; it was changed to its present title by Robespierre.
Chant du départ | Introduction
Le Chant des Girondins (English: "The Song of the Girondists") was the national anthem of the French Second Republic, written for the drama "Le Chevalier de Maison-Rouge" by the writer Alexandre Dumas with Auguste Maquet. The lines of the refrain were borrowed from "Roland à Roncevaux", a song written in Strasbourg by Claude-Joseph Rouget de Lisle, the author of "La Marseillaise".
Le Chant des Girondins | Introduction
J. Martin, 1903); and four songs with words by Bridgeman: "Coquet and Coy" (1887); "Hampton Courtship" (1887); "'Tis For the Best" (1888); and "Men of the Day" (1888). His short anthem, "Holy, Holy, Holy" was published in 1901.
François Cellier | Composer, orchestrator and author
Routhier practised law in Kamarouska until he was appointed to the Quebec Superior Court in 1873 (as Chief Justice from 1904 to 1906) and Admiralty of the Exchequer Court of Canada (from 1897 to 1906). Routhier was ran as a Conservative candidate for the riding of Kamarouska in several federal elections, but he was never elected. Routhier wrote a number of books under the name Jean Piquefort. In 1880 he was commissioned to write the French lyrics for the Canadian anthem, "O Canada".
Adolphe-Basile Routhier | Career
The author of the original words "" was a former soldier by the name of Ladré who made a living as a street singer. The music is a popular contredanse air called "Le carillon national", and was composed by Bécourt, a violinist (according to other sources: side drum player) of the théâtre Beaujolais. Queen Marie Antoinette herself is said to have often played the music on her harpsichord. The title and theme of the refrain were inspired by Benjamin Franklin, in France as a representative of the Continental Congress, who was very popular among the French people. When asked about the American Revolutionary War, he would reportedly reply, in somewhat broken French, "" ("It'll be fine, it'll be fine").
Ça Ira | Original version
A plaque on the building on Place Broglie where De Dietrich's house once stood commemorates the event. De Dietrich was executed the next year during the Reign of Terror. The melody soon became the rallying call to the French Revolution and was adopted as "La Marseillaise" after the melody was first sung on the streets by volunteers ("fédérés" in French) from Marseille by the end of May. These "fédérés" were making their entrance into the city of Paris on 30 July 1792 after a young volunteer from Montpellier called François Mireur had sung it at a patriotic gathering in Marseille, and the troops adopted it as the marching song of the National Guard of Marseille.
La Marseillaise | History
Various committees were charged with reviewing the text and tune of the Brabançonne and establishing an official version. A ministerial circular of the Ministry of the Interior on 8 August 1921 decreed that only the fourth verse of the text by Charles Rogier should be considered official for all three, French, German and in Dutch. Here below:
La Brabançonne | Current version
The modern version was created by Léon Jehin in 1914 and was played for the first time during the 25th anniversary of the beginning Prince Albert's reign. Finally in 1931 Louis Notari wrote the lyrics in the Monegasque language. Only the Monegasque lyrics are official, reportedly dating back to a request from the Prince. The current official lyrics contain only one verse, sung at the start of the song and repeated again near the end after an instrumental interlude in the middle. The national anthem is rarely sung aloud at all in Monaco, except at official occasions.
Hymne Monégasque | History
Rosellini signed the legislation establishing the song as the anthem in the governor's office in Olympia on March 19, 1959, with Davis present at the signing. Others present as witnesses included Frederick Cohn, the former president of the Washington Federation of Music Clubs; Dale Nordquist, a member of the state senate from Centralia; and Joe Chytil, a member of the state house from Chehalis.
Washington, My Home | Composition and adoption
"O Canada" () is the national anthem of Canada. The song was originally commissioned by Lieutenant Governor of Quebec Théodore Robitaille for the 1880 Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day ceremony; Calixa Lavallée composed the music, after which, words were written by the poet and judge Sir Adolphe-Basile Routhier. The original lyrics were in French; an English translation was published in 1906. Multiple English versions ensued, with Robert Stanley Weir's version in 1908 gaining the most popularity, eventually serving as the basis for the official lyrics enacted by Parliament. Weir's lyrics have been revised three times, most recently when "An Act to amend the National Anthem Act (gender)" was enacted in 2018.
O Canada | Introduction
In 1860, Belgium formally adopted the song and music as its national anthem, although the then prime minister, Charles Rogier edited out lyrics attacking the Dutch Prince of Orange.
La Brabançonne | History
Its lyrics were written by Rudolf Alexander Schröder in 1950. Hermann Reutter composed its tune after Carl Orff, whom Heuss wanted to have as composer, had rejected the request and suggested Reutter instead. Heuss’ attempts failed, and in 1952 he and Chancellor Adenauer recognized the "Deutschlandlied" as the new national anthem, with only the third stanza being sung on official occasions.
Hymne an Deutschland | History
In the summer of 2011, the house was repainted from light green to its original blue, and a plaque dedicated to Le Forestier was unveiled by the French Consul, pointing to the cultural importance of the song in French popular culture.
Maxime Le Forestier | In popular culture
These verses were omitted from the national anthem.
La Marseillaise | Additional verses
Théophile Bellando de Castro wrote the lyrics and composed the music of the 1st edition of "Hymne Monégasque" in 1841, later Castil-Blaze modified the melody and made several other minor changes. In 1848 the National Guard, created by Prince Florestan, adopted Bellando's song and it became the "March of the National Loyalists". In 1896 Charles Albrecht composed a new arrangement for piano, published by Tihebaux in Paris and called "Air National de Monaco"; in 1897 Decourcelle of Nice, printed an edition called 429 "Hymne National de Monaco" for piano. Years later, François Bellini orchestrated the song by Albrecht; this new arrangement for "a trio" was judged to be too long for people in 1900 and ceased being played.
Hymne Monégasque | History
The French composer Marin Marais composed the tune as a dance for his opera "Alcyone" of 1706, with the title "Marche pour les Matelots". The tune was subsequently included in Raoul Auger Feuillet's 1706 "Recueil de contredanse" along with a longways proper dance, "La Matelotte", which Feuillet had himself written to go with the tune. In 1710 John Essex (d. 1744) published an English translation of Feuillet's work called, "For the Further Improvement of Dancing", in which the dance is given as "The Female Saylor".
Masters in This Hall | Tune
Ten years after his arrival in Paris, he began his political career. He gave his first speech in the Chamber of Deputies, on the financial situation of the country, a month after his election. He had no experience as an orator; because of his small stature, his head barely appeared over the podium, and he spoke with strong Provençal accent, which made the Parisians smile. The long, carefully prepared speech was greeted at the end with silence, though the content was approved. Thiers worked very hard to improve his speaking style, and eventually became a very effective orator. The new government faced many difficulties.
Adolphe Thiers | Deputy and Minister (1830–1836)
It was first sung at the inauguration of a new organ in 1773.
John Darwall | Introduction
It became for a short while the unofficial national anthem, next to the official La Marseillaise. Anna Marly also wrote and performed a more introspective song, "La Complainte du Partisan", which was later adapted and translated into English as "The Partisan". It was most famously covered by Leonard Cohen. The two songs are sometimes confused.
Chant des Partisans | Introduction
The musicologist Arthur Pougin wanted to attribute to Louis Drouet (apparently wrongly) the melody of the unofficial hymn of the Second French Empire, "Partant pour la Syrie", although considered as having been composed by Hortense de Beauharnais, Queen of Holland from 1806 to 1810, and Napoléon III's mother.
Louis Drouet | Works
Olympische Hymne (Olympic Hymn) is a composition for orchestra and mixed chorus by Richard Strauss. In 1932, Richard Strauss was approached by Dr. Theodor Lewald, the German Olympic Committee's representative to the International Olympic Committee (IOC). The German committee desired an anthem composed for the 1936 Summer Olympics to be held in Berlin. Early in 1933, Strauss agreed to compose an Olympic Hymn, with the condition that a suitable text be found to set to music. However, in 1933, the IOC had chosen Walter Bradley-Keeler's "Hymne Olympique", written for the 1932 Los Angeles Olympics, as the official Olympic anthem for all time.
Olympische Hymne | Introduction
Richard Taruskin noted that the tune was a special favourite of Charles the Bold and suggested that it may have been composed for him (or, at very least, that he had identified himself with the titular man at arms). This however has come to be refuted by several key researchers who show it was used before Charles the Bold's ascension to Duke of Burgundy.
L'homme armé | Origin
He was elected to the new French Senate as the representative of the city of Belfort, which he had refused to cede to Germany, but he preferred to sit in the Assembly, and, after the dissolution of the old Assembly in 1876, in the new Chamber of Deputies,
Adolphe Thiers | Last years
Adopted in 1960 at the country's independence, "" remains the national anthem of Côte d'Ivoire, as the capital cities is now Yamoussoukro (de jure) and Abidjan (de facto). This hymn is strongly tinged with patriotism and influenced by religion. The lyrics are from ministers Mathieu Vangah Ekra and Joachim Bony. The music has been composed by abbots Pierre-Marie Coty alongside Pierre-Michel Pango, taking "La Marseillaise" as a model. Between 2007 and 2009, and under the leadership of Laurent Gbagbo, there was a proposal to replacing "" with a different song, "" as the national anthem. This Ode has been composed in 2002 after the start of the Ivorian civil war, and was selected by contest in 2003.
L'Abidjanaise | History
Ernest Gagnon in "Chansons populaires du Canada" (Quebec City 1865) says "the original tune was "J'ai fait une maîtresse," of which the words of the variant "Si tu te mets anguille" are (somewhat altered) fragments.' Gagnon's analysis is considered definitive. An Acadian variation appeared in 1844 as "Un Acadien Errant", sung to the Gregorian tune "Ave Maris Stella". Otherwise, to a few (and especially to expatriate Canadians), the original song remains a patriotic song; to all, it is a poignant recollection of French Canadian history.
Un Canadien errant | History
The anthem still remains in use as a presidential salute.
Quand nos Aïeux brisèrent leurs entraves | History
The song "Notre Place" by Paul Demers and François Dubé, long considered an unofficial anthem of the Franco-Ontarian community after it was written for a gala to celebrate the passage of the French Language Services Act in 1986, was legally designated as the community's official anthem by the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in 2017.
Franco-Ontarian | Music and theatre
The Hymne National Voltaïque was the national anthem of Upper Volta from 1960 until 1984, when the country's name was changed to Burkina Faso, and the existing anthem "Une Seule Nuit" was adopted. Both the words and music were by Robert Ouedraogo.
Hymne National Voltaïque | Introduction
"Rooms of Jean Gaussin" Jean Gaussin is in his lodgings, where his parents are installing him as a student. He sings a song, "O Magali, ma tant amado", based on a traditional melody, which Gounod had already used in "Mireille". It reappears later and adds a bit of Provençal local colour to the piece. Other than this song and a fragment of his aria from the first act, all is conversation in music, rapid and free declamation over a continually varied orchestral accompaniment. Gaussin's father and mother and Irène, a "jeune fille," adopted by them, and evidently destined as the wife for Jean, say "good-bye".
Sapho (Massenet) | Act 2
"Maréchal, nous voilà !" ("Marshal, here we are!") is a French song dedicated to Marshal Philippe Pétain. The lyrics were composed by André Montagard and its music was attributed to André Montagard and Charles Courtioux. The song was performed by André Dassary and on many official occasions in France and Algeria during Vichy France. "La Marseillaise" remained the official national anthem of the state, but "Maréchal, nous voilà !" was popular during the Vichy era. Officially, the song was written in 1941, but Montagard and Courtioux actually plagiarized another song composed by Polish Jewish composer Kazimierz Oberfeld, "". Oberfeld was later deported to Auschwitz in 1945, where he died.
Maréchal, nous voilà ! | Introduction
This song was sung by the French soldiers who mutinied (in sixty eight of the one hundred and ten divisions of the French Army) after the costly and militarily disastrous offensive of General Robert Nivelle at the Chemin des Dames, spring 1917. The song was prohibited in France until 1974. Even though an award of 1 million francs and the immediate honorable release from the army were offered for revealing the maker, the original author of the song remained unknown. These revolts brought about severe reprimands, notably by General Philippe Pétain, who was named on 17 May as the replacement for General Nivelle.
La Chanson de Craonne | History
To commemorate the 100th anniversary of the Haitian Revolution, a competition was held for a national anthem in 1903. The poetic words of Justin Lhérisson and martial composition of Nicolas Geffrard won over the judges, which led to its official adoption as the national anthem in 1904. The 1903 premiere of the composition was sung by Auguste de Pradines, also known as Kandjo. As a one verse rendition can be relatively short, a common way to lengthen a performance is to perform an abridged arrangement consisting of the first verse immediately followed by the last one.
La Dessalinienne | History
A newly graduated medical doctor, Mireur later became a general under Napoléon Bonaparte and died in Egypt at age 28. The song's lyric reflects the invasion of France by foreign armies (from Prussia and Austria) that were under way when it was written. Strasbourg itself was attacked just a few days later. The invading forces were repulsed from France following their defeat in the Battle of Valmy. As the vast majority of Alsatians did not speak French, a German version ("Auf, Brüder, auf dem Tag entgegen") was published in October 1792 in Colmar. The Convention accepted it as the French national anthem in a decree passed on 14 July 1795, making it France's first anthem.
La Marseillaise | History
The words of the Huron Carol ("Jesous Ahatonhia"), written probably in 1642 by the Jesuit missionary Jean de Brébeuf for the Hurons at Ste. Marie, were set to an adaptation of this melody .
Une jeune Pucelle | Introduction
The anthem was written in 1888 in Bucharest by the Aromanian poet, Constantin Belimace.
Dimãndarea pãrinteascã | History
The IOC however accepted Lewald's proposal to allow Germany its own Olympic anthem for the Berlin games.
Olympische Hymne | Introduction
And it is not due to a lack of voice : this one, disturbing of power and color, asks only to spread and the vowels of the tune are there for this."
L'envie d'aimer | Background and structure
"La Marseillaise" () became the national anthem of France. The song was written and composed in 1792 by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle, and was originally titled ""Chant de guerre pour l'Armée du Rhin"". The French National Convention adopted it as the First Republic's anthem in 1795. It acquired its nickname after being sung in Paris by volunteers from Marseille marching on the capital. The song is the first example of the "European march" anthemic style. The anthem's evocative melody and lyrics have led to its widespread use as a song of revolution and its incorporation into many pieces of classical and popular music.
French Revolution | La Marseillaise
"" was sung by supporters of the now former head of state and broadcast on the RTI's television network instead of "" until 2007, even though the latter remained, according to the constitution, the country's national anthem. However, the proposal was eventually dropped.
L'Abidjanaise | History
On 15 July 1888, Delory contacted De Geyter to compose music for several ""Chants révolutionnaires"" that were often sung at popular events with Lille socialists. Among these was a song that was to become the International Workingmen's Association anthem, "The Internationale". The lyrics had been written by Eugène Edine Pottier during the "Semaine Sanglante" (the "bloody week," May 22–28, 1871) marking the end and the severe repression of the Paris Commune of 1871. Until then, the song had usually been sung to the tune of the "Marseillaise". It took Pierre one Sunday morning to compose his music on a harmonium.
Pierre De Geyter | "The Internationale"
French musicologist Sylvie Bouissou has found some evidence that composer Jean-Philippe Rameau had written the music. A manuscript at the French National Library contains Frère Jacques among 86 canons, with Rameau listed as author. In 1926, the tune was used in a patriotic anthem written by officers of the Whampoa Military Academy, "Revolution of the Citizens" ().
Frère Jacques | First publication
According to Henri-Irénée Marrou, the origin of the melody is an anonymous pastoral song dating from 1740, with children's lyrics added relatively recently. The melody was first published in 1761. In 1774, the earliest known printed publication of the lyrics together with the music was in volume two of by M.D.L. () published in Brussels, under the title "".
Ah! vous dirai-je, maman | History
"Serre chaude," "Serre d'ennui," "Lassitude," "Fauves las," and "Oraison" were all set to music by French composer Ernest Chausson. "Feuillage du cœur" was set to music by Arnold Schoenberg under the name "Herzgewächse" and by the Belgian composer Serge Verstockt (original title).
Hothouses | Musical Adaptations
Donovan Seidle, associate music director during the games, arranged the anthem, translating some of the stanzas to French in recognition of the official bilingualism in Canada.
Olympic Hymn | Lyrics
Khama's deputy Quett Masire recalled how the future president wanted an anthem that was enduring and would transcend the political spectrum, so that it would not be changed when another political party assumed power in the future.
Fatshe leno la rona | History
""Fière Volta de mes aieux," "Ton soleil ardent et glorieux" "Te revêt d'or et de fierté"
Hymne National Voltaïque | French Lyrics
Veillons au salut de l'Empire ("Let's ensure the salvation of the Empire") was the unofficial French national anthem under Napoleon.
Veillons au salut de l'Empire | Introduction
The song was adapted in 1866 into English by William McLennan with the title Whence art thou, my maiden?
D'où viens-tu, bergère? | Adaptations
This female anthem was written by Julie Pietri and Jean-Michel Bériat. The music is composed by Vincent-Marie Bouvot. The originality of this song resides particularly in the melody which is at times Arabist (Julie Pietri was born in Algeria). The videoclip was filmed in Tunisia. In 1986, an English version was also released under the name "Listen to Your Heart". Three other versions were recorded thereafter : one more acoustic version on album "Féminin singulière" in 1995, another version with dance sonorities for European compilation "Euro Pride 2000" and, more recently, a jazzy version as a bonus track on the album "Autour de minuit" in 2007.
Ève lève-toi | Background and writing
"Le Retour des Princes français à Paris" ("The return of the French Princes to Paris") was the "de facto" national anthem of France during the Bourbon Restoration. It uses the melody of the then popular marching tune "Vive Henri IV".
Le Retour des Princes français à Paris | Introduction
The French lyrics of "O Canada" were written by Sir Adolphe-Basile Routhier, to music composed by Calixa Lavallée, as a French Canadian patriotic song for the Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society and first performed on June 24, 1880, at a Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day banquet in Quebec City. At that time, the "Chant National", also by Routhier, was popular amongst Francophones as an anthem, while "God Save the Queen" and "The Maple Leaf Forever" had, since 1867, been competing as unofficial national anthems in English Canada. "O Canada" joined that fray when a group of school children sang it for the 1901 tour of Canada by the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall (later King George V and Queen Mary).
O Canada | History
Another possibly earlier version of the tune is an anonymous three-voice setting from the Mellon Chansonnier, which also cannot be precisely dated. In 1523 Pietro Aron, in his treatise "Thoscanello" suggested that Antoine Busnois was the composer of the tune; while tantalizing, since the tune is stylistically consistent with Busnois, there is no other source to corroborate Aron, and he was writing approximately 70 years after the first appearance of the melody. Taruskin has argued that Busnois wrote the earliest known mass on the melody, but this is disputed, many scholars preferring to see the older Guillaume Du Fay as the creator of the first "L'homme armé" Mass.
L'homme armé | Use in the Latin Mass
"The original words were in French, and an English translation was provided by Lord Curzon of Kedleston."
Le drapeau belge | Lyrics
He served as Deputy Speaker from 1942 to 1943 and as Speaker of the House from 1943 to 1945.
Cyrille Dumaine | Speaker of the House
In 1792, Gaspard de Chenu, a writer of spiritual and satirical songs, wrote the song "Cadet Rousselle" to the tune of a song about Jean de Nivelle. The song spread beyond the limits of the city when volunteers from Auxerre introduced it to the Armée du Nord. It later spread through all levels of society. In 1919 John Ireland, Arnold Bax, Frank Bridge and Eugene Goossens wrote "Variations on "Cadet Roussel"" as an encore piece for voice and piano. In 1930 Goossens arranged this composite work for small orchestra, publishing it as his Op. 40. "Cadet Rouselle" was also used by Tchaikovsky in his ballet "The Nutcracker", along with other children's songs.
Cadet Rousselle | The song
The first but unofficial anthem of the First Austrian Republic was "Deutschösterreich, du herrliches Land" ("German-Austria, you Glorious Land"). Written in 1920 by Karl Renner and set to music by Wilhelm Kienzl, the patriotic song was not able to successfully compete against the former imperial anthem and especially the latter's famous tune by Joseph Haydn. In 1929, a new anthem was introduced that was sung to this popular tune and whose text stemmed from Ottokar Kernstock, who had written it in 1920. The third verse of the poem was, however, excluded from the official status as national anthem. The song remained in use in both the First Republic and the Federal State of Austria but became obsolete in 1938, when Austria joined the German Reich.
Sei gesegnet ohne Ende | History
In 1873, he was appointed Receiver General. In 1871, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec in Bonaventure and served until 1874 when holding a federal and provincial seat was abolished. From 1879 to 1884, he was the Lieutenant Governor of Quebec. Notably, during his tenure he commissioned Calixa Lavallée and Sir Adolphe-Basile Routhier to prepare the music and French lyrics to what would become Canada's national anthem, "O Canada". In 1885, he was appointed to the Senate representing the senatorial division of Gulf, Quebec. He served until his death in New Carlisle, Quebec in 1897.
Théodore Robitaille | Introduction
Cyprès et Lauriers, Op. 156, for Organ and Orchestra was written by Camille Saint-Saëns in 1919 to celebrate the Allied victory in World War I and dedicated to then President of France, Raymond Poincaré.
Cyprès et lauriers | Introduction
The song was written by Didier Barbelivien and Pascal Auriat. The recording was produced by Pascal Auriat.
Quand je t'aime | Background and writing
Parents welcome the arrival of a baby, and an impending exacting presence in the home. Ronde gauloise – « J'ai vu la fille du meunier » ("I saw the miller's daughter") (1862) – anon. The song evokes a bourrée folk song as a young man gives voice to his love. Le Sentier sombre – « Il est un sentier sombre au fond de nos vallées » ("There's a shady path down in the valley") (1862) – anon. A country lad recalls his first love. Lied – « Avec ces traits harmonieux » ("with these harmonious features") (1862) – words by Théodore de Banville ('Inviolata' from "Améthystes", 1862).
Songs of Emmanuel Chabrier | Early songs
Towards the end of the 19th century, when the song's status as "de facto" national anthem had become fixed, it was desirable to have a singable version in Italian, the third official language of Switzerland (Romansh was not officially recognized as a separate language until 1938). An Italian version printed in a 1896 songbook for schools has two verses, a close translation of the first two versions of the German lyrics.
Rufst du, mein Vaterland | Italian
After the revolution, it became the national anthem in 24 January 1990, replacing the communist-era national anthem "Trei culori" ().
Deșteaptă-te, române! | Introduction
In the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada, Lotbinière was elected Speaker in the 1st Parliament of Lower Canada, having entered with his brother-in-law, Pierre-Amable de Bonne, for the riding of York which took in his seigneuries of Vaudreuil and Rigaud, Quebec. Politically he is best remembered for his role in sanctioning the use of French in the Parliamentary records. The moment is captured in a painting by Charles Huot which hangs above the Speaker’s Chair in the present-day National Assembly of Quebec. In this speech, recorded in the "Quebec Gazette" on 31 January 1793, he asked for French and English to be given equal recognition in the House, "Since the majority of our constituents are placed in a special situation, we are obliged to depart from the ordinary rules and forced to ask for the use of a language which is not that of the empire; but, being as fair to others as we hope they will be to us, we should not want our language eventually to banish that of His Majesty’s other subjects."
Michel-Eustache-Gaspard-Alain Chartier de Lotbinière | Language debate, 1793
According to legend, the Belgian national anthem was written in September 1830, during the Belgian Revolution, by a young revolutionary called "Jenneval", who read the lyrics during a meeting at the Aigle d'Or café. Jenneval, a Frenchman whose real name was Alexandre Dechet (sometimes known as Louis-Alexandre Dechet), did in fact write the Brabançonne. At the time, he was an actor at the theatre where, in August 1830, the revolution started which led to independence from the Netherlands. Jenneval died in the war of independence. François van Campenhout composed the accompanying score, based on the tune of a French song called "L'Air des lanciers polonais" ("the tune of the Polish Lancers"), written by the French poet Eugène de Pradel, whose tune was itself an adaptation of the tune of a song, "L'Air du magistrat irréprochable", found in a popular collection of drinking songs called "La Clé du caveau" (The Key to the cellar) and it was first performed in September 1830.
La Brabançonne | History
The anthem was transcribed by Austrian missionary Fr. Guilherme Schmid
Instituto Salesiano | School Hymn
Abbot Ramoux wrote Valeureux Liégeois in 1790 at the request of Lambert-Joseph de Donceel, a revolutionary and commander of the Liege militia who wanted a national song "to expel from the homes of our citizens the enemies of the fatherland who dared to enter". The lyrics of the song had a patriotic air, though they were subsequently added to or modified several times. The original song only had two verses. Chorus: "Valeureux Liégeois," "Fidèles à ma voix," "Volez à la victoire!" "Et la liberté de notre Cité" "Vous couvrira de gloire."
Valeureux Liégeois | Lyrics
Following this translation, the song quickly established itself as the surrogate anthem of the supporters of the French resistance both in France and Britain. Kessel and Druon, however, took the credit for writing the song; it was not until some years later that she gained the recognition she deserved for writing the original song. Towards the end of the war Marly joined the Entertainments National Service Association, performing her songs to the Allied forces across Europe.
Anna Marly | War years
Only the first stanza (and sometimes the fourth and sixth) and the first chorus are sung today in France. There are some slight historical variations in the lyrics of the song; the following is the version listed at the official website of the French presidency.
La Marseillaise | Lyrics
8, third preface), and in 1828. Many variants appear, mostly alterations to Constant's somewhat archaic spelling and punctuation.
Adolphe | Introduction
Thiers continued to sit in the Assembly as a deputy from Paris after his fall, though he spoke only once, on 27 March 1874, against a proposal to build more forts around Paris. Rather than making Paris a battlefield again, Thiers preferred using the money to add more soldiers to the army. Despite his opposition, the measure was passed by the conservative government. Thiers did have the satisfaction of seeing de Broglie fail in his effort to make France a constitutional monarchy; the monarch proposed by de Broglie, the Count of Chambord, once again refused to accept the tricolor flag and certain limits on his reign.
Adolphe Thiers | Last years
"Partant pour la Syrie" (; ) is a French patriotic song, the music of which was written by Hortense de Beauharnais and the text by Alexandre de Laborde in or about 1807.
Partant pour la Syrie | Introduction
Opposed by the monarchists in the French assembly and the left wing of the Republicans, he resigned on 24 May 1873, and was replaced as President by Patrice de Mac-Mahon, Duke of Magenta. When he died in 1877, his funeral became a major political event; the procession was led by two of the leaders of the republican movement, Victor Hugo and Leon Gambetta, who, at the time of his death, were his allies against the conservative monarchists.
Adolphe Thiers | Introduction
The music currently used was composed by Jean-Baptiste Labelle.
Anthems and nationalistic songs of Canada | Provincial anthems
The police action was unsuccessful and the Georg-von-Rauch-Haus remains in existence almost fifty years later. Within the German squatter movement, the "Rauch-Haus-Song" became an anthem, with the refrain "Das ist unser Haus" (This is our house) being shouted out as a motto.
Rauch-Haus-Song | Background
These lyrics were then sent, with Congressional approval, to Guayaquil, so that Antonio Neumane would set them to music. This is the hymn that would later be officialized as the definitive national anthem. On January 16, 1866, the complete version of the lyrics by Juan León Mera were published in the Quiteño weekly "El Sud Americano". In 1870, the national anthem premiered in the Plaza Grande (Plaza de la Independencia facing the Palacio de Gobierno), performed by the 2nd Battalion and the Compañía Lírica de Pablo Ferreti, directed by Antonio Neumane. The music was in the key of C flat major.
Salve, Oh Patria | History
Une Seule Nuit (also known as L'Hymne de la victoire or Ditanyè) is the national anthem of Burkina Faso. It was written by former President Thomas Sankara and adopted in 1984, when the country adopted its present name, and replaced the "Hymne National Voltaïque", the national anthem of Upper Volta.
Une Seule Nuit | Introduction
The song was written by Charles Aznavour and composed by Georges Garvarentz.
Retiens la nuit | Composition and writing
Mazzini commissioned the text from Mameli in June, asking him for a poem that would become the Italian "Marseillaise" and quoted Verdi's wish that the new anthem would "make the people forget both the poet and the composer". Mameli finished the poem in late August, and Mazzini immediately sent it to Verdi who was living and working in Paris at the time. Verdi sent the finished work, composed for a three part male chorus without accompaniment, to Mazzini on 18 October 1848. In the accompanying letter Verdi wrote: I send you the hymn, and even if it is a bit late, I hope it will arrive in time.
Suona la tromba | Background
The song that has immortalized him, "La Marseillaise", was composed at Strasbourg, where Rouget de Lisle was garrisoned in April 1792. France had just declared war on Austria, and the mayor of Strasbourg, baron Philippe-Frédéric de Dietrich, held a dinner for the officers of the garrison, at which he lamented that France had no national anthem. Rouget de Lisle returned to his quarters and wrote the words in a fit of patriotic excitement. The piece was at first called "Chant de guerre pour l'armée du Rhin" ("War Song for the Army of the Rhine") and only received its name of "Marseillaise" from its adoption by the Provençal volunteers whom Barbaroux introduced into Paris and who were prominent in the storming of the Tuileries Palace on 10 August 1792.
Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle | La Marseillaise
While he was out of the Assembly, he published an essay in defense of capitalism and private property which won him the support of the French business community and middle class. Thiers took his seat as the head of Finance Committee, and leader of the conservative republicans. In the tense and sometimes violent political climate, he took up the habit of always carrying a loaded pistol.
Adolphe Thiers | The Second Republic
Gardiner had studied at Dr. Hoch's Konservatorium in Frankfurt, composition with Iwan Knorr and piano with Lazzaro Uzielli, at the same time as Percy Grainger, Roger Quilter, Norman O'Neill and Cyril Scott. He composed the anthem in 1907 when he worked on the staff of Winchester College for one term where Edward Thomas Sweeting (1863–1930) was Music Master and College Organist. Gardiner's biographer Stephen Lloyd notes that the anthem had been on his mind for years although he was no longer religious. The possibility to have it performed probably spurred the completion of the composition. Gardiner set the anthem in D major for four voices, sometimes divided, and organ, writing the same music for both an English text and the Latin version by Pope Urban VIII.
Te lucis ante terminum (Gardiner) | History
The Duke de Broglie was carefully preparing a way to bring down Thiers. He modified the rules of the Assembly so that the President had the power to veto laws passed by the Assembly, but also requiring that the President ask permission from the head of the Assembly before he spoke to the body. On 2 April, the moderate republican president of the Assembly, Jules Grévy, was forced to resign by a personal scandal and was replaced by a deputy of the center-right, Buffet, who supported a constitutional monarchy. Soon afterwards, on 27 April, an election was held in Paris to fill a vacant seat in the Assembly.
Adolphe Thiers | Downfall (1873)
Among his more unusual songs were anthems of the nineteenth century National Agricultural Labourers' Union led by Joseph Arch, such as "We Meet Today in Freedom's Cause" (Roud 1774) and "An Old Man's Advice" (Roud 1482).
Walter Pardon | Repertoire and its provenance
However, the lyrics adopted on that occasion are not a direct translation of the original: the number and order of verses differ, and they diverge significantly from the original Walloon text in places.
Le Chant des Wallons | Introduction
"The Internationale" () is a left-wing anthem. It has been a standard of the socialist movement since the late nineteenth century, when the Second International adopted it as its official anthem. The title arises from the "First International", an alliance of workers which held a congress in 1864. The author of the anthem's lyrics, Eugène Pottier, an anarchist, attended this congress. The original French refrain of the song is "C'est la lutte finale / Groupons-nous et demain / L'Internationale / Sera le genre humain." (English: "This is the final struggle / Let us group together and tomorrow / The Internationale / Will be the human race.").
The Internationale | Introduction
"La Marseillaise" was arranged for soprano, chorus and orchestra by Hector Berlioz in about 1830. Franz Liszt wrote a piano transcription of the anthem. During World War I, bandleader James Reese Europe played a jazz version of "La Marseillaise", which can be heard on part 2 of the Ken Burns 2001 TV documentary "Jazz".
La Marseillaise | Notable arrangements
Je chante avec toi Liberté (1981) also known in English as Song for Liberty (1970) is a song written by Pierre Delanoë and Claude Lemesle, arranged by Alain Goraguer and performed by Nana Mouskouri. The melody is from "Va, pensiero" (Italian: [va penˈsjɛro]) also known in English as the "Chorus of the Hebrew Slaves" from the opera Nabucco (1842) by Giuseppe Verdi. Nana Mouskouri has performed this song in at least five languages; French: Je chante avec toi liberté, English: Song for Liberty, German: Lied der Freiheit, Spanish: Libertad and Portuguese: Liberdade.
Je chante avec toi Liberté | Introduction
But Jacquet de La Guerre added original touches of her own to the Lullian formula, such as a quiet conclusion in place of the expected final chorus.
Céphale et Procris (Jacquet de la Guerre) | Introduction
On April 8, 1913, this national anthem was used in the opening ceremony of the 1st Regular Council; the last line was added by Wang Baorong (汪寶榮), with other lines from "Shang Shu"; it was set to music by Jeans Hautstont.
Historical Chinese anthems | First version
The emblem of L'Œuvre Française was a Celtic Cross painted with the French tricolor. The anthem, whose lyrics were written in 1974 by Sidos, was titled "Nous voulons rester Français" ("We want to remain French").
L'Œuvre Française | Symbols
When commemorating the 55th anniversary of the Paris Commune on 18 March 1926, the National Revolutionary Army printed a music sheet with three lyrics of "The Internationale" in Chinese, roughly corresponding to the first, second, and sixth French lyrics by Eugène Pottier. When singing refrain twice after each lyric, "The Internationale" is transliterated first as Yīngtè'ěrlāxióngnà'ěr (Chinese: 英特爾拉雄納爾) and second as Yīngtè'ěrnàxióngnà'ěr (Chinese: 英特爾納雄納爾).
The Internationale | National Revolutionary Army version
The anthem was illegally published in Sassari in 1796 and not in the nearby island of Corsica, as it was believed until recently. After all, Sassari was already taken by the rebels and, in 1796, ruled by the "alternos" Giovanni Maria Angioy. The song was first translated into another language from Sardinian by John Warre Tyndale in 1849 ("Endeavor to moderate..."), while Auguste Boullier would publish a French translation in his own book ("Essai sur le dialecte et les chants populaires de la Sardaigne") in June 1864 with the incipit being "Songez à modérer...". The anthem, aside from any copy that had been illegally circulating on the island, was published for the first time in Sardinia in 1865 by Giovanni Spano and later by Enrico Costa, who also made an Italian translation.
Su patriotu sardu a sos feudatarios | Editions, translations and literary critique
Jules Perrot, also in 1825, put on his version at the Théâtre de la Gaîté, entitled "Sapajou". The following year, Jean-Antoine Petipa put on his version at the Théâtre de la Monnaie, with Laurençon in the lead rôle; Filippo Taglioni reprised the theme at Stuttgart in "Lanina ou le Singe brésilien" and put it on in Berlin.
Jocko ou le Singe du Brésil | Ballet
"La Marseillaise" () became the national anthem of France. The song was written and composed in 1792 by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle, and was originally titled ""Chant de guerre pour l'Armée du Rhin"". The French National Convention adopted it as the First Republic's anthem in 1795. It acquired its nickname after being sung in Paris by volunteers from Marseille marching on the capital. The song is the first example of the "European march" anthemic style. The anthem's evocative melody and lyrics have led to its widespread use as a song of revolution and its incorporation into many pieces of classical and popular music.
Symbolism in the French Revolution | La Marseillaise
He expressed his thanks to the composer. After a short opening proclamation by Adolf Hitler, and an artillery salute and the release of several thousand white pigeons, Richard Strauss conducted the Olympische Hymne at 5:16 p.m. The duration of the work is approximately three and one-half minutes. A piano-vocal score was published by Fürstner in Berlin in 1936. Strauss's hand-written full orchestra score was dedicated to Theodor Lewald "in memory of 1 August 1936". This score was located after the war by the German National Olympic Committee, and copies were made for the organizers of the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City and for IOC President Juan Samaranch in 1997 for the Olympic Museum in Lausanne.
Olympische Hymne | Premiere
The patriotic song "Arièjo O moun Pais" was written by Father Sabas Maury, born on 1 March 1863 in Gestiès in the valley of Siguer. He was the pastor of Miglos and Varilhes. It became the anthem for Ariège.
Ariège (department) | Anthem of Ariège