Hiroshima was established on the delta coastline of the Seto Inland Sea in 1588 by powerful warlord Mōri Terumoto. Hiroshima Castle was quickly built, and in 1593 Mōri moved in. Terumoto was on the losing side at the Battle of Sekigahara. The winner of the battle, Tokugawa Ieyasu, deprived Mōri Terumoto of most of his fiefs, including Hiroshima and gave Aki Province to Masanori Fukushima, a "daimyō" who had supported Tokugawa. From 1619 until 1871, Hiroshima was ruled by the Asano clan.
Sengoku and Edo periods (1589–1871)
Hiroshima
Hiroshima | Sengoku and Edo periods (1589–1871)
Mōri Terumoto Asano clan Mōri Terumoto, Masanori Fukushima, the Asano clan and the others. Mōri Terumoto, the Asano clan
date of japanese surrender in world war ii
user
September 2, 1945
assistant
what were the divisions within their leadership?
user
Suzuki's military-dominated cabinet favored continuing the war. For the Japanese, surrender was unthinkable—Japan had never been successfully invaded or lost a war in its history. Only Mitsumasa Yonai, the Navy minister, was known to desire an early end to the war.
assistant
why did they surrender then?
user
August 28, 1945 Japanese Instrument of Surrender was signed
assistant
what happened at hiroshima in this context?
user
United States detonated an atomic bomb over the Japanese city of Hiroshima.
assistant
and nagasaki?
user
Hours later, the United States dropped a second atomic bomb, this time on the Japanese city of Nagasaki.
assistant
were there any further surrenders followed after this?
user
It was broadcasted later that Japan was indeed unconditionally surrendering to the allies.
assistant
which interesting places are there in the former mentioned city?
user
Itsukushima Island, also known as Miyajima
assistant
how is the weather here?
user
Has a humid subtropical climate characterized by cool to mild winters and hot, humid summers.
assistant
who used to rule this place during 1589 to 1871?
user
Hiroshima was established on the delta coastline of the Seto Inland Sea in 1588 by powerful warlord Mōri Terumoto. Hiroshima Castle was quickly built, and in 1593 Mōri moved in. Terumoto was on the losing side at the Battle of Sekigahara. The winner of the battle, Tokugawa Ieyasu, deprived Mōri Terumoto of most of his fiefs, including Hiroshima and gave Aki Province to Masanori Fukushima, a "daimyō" who had supported Tokugawa. From 1619 until 1871, Hiroshima was ruled by the Asano clan.
Hiroshima | Sengoku and Edo periods (1589–1871)
Following the battle of Sekigahara in 1600, the "han" was established with Fukushima Masanori as its "daimyō" (feudal lord). However, nineteen years later, Hiroshima castle suffered extensive flood damage and Fukushima repaired it in violation of the Tokugawa shogunate's laws on the construction and repair of castles (see "buke shohatto"). The shogunate then ordered Fukushima to Kawanakajima Domain, and awarded Hiroshima to the Asano clan, who ruled it for the remainder of the Edo period, during which it was the sixth-largest domain in Japan, excepting those held by the Tokugawa-Matsudaira dynasty. The domain was dismantled along with all the others in 1871.
Hiroshima Domain | Introduction
Asano Yoshinaga (August 14, 1681 – February 27, 1752) was a Japanese "daimyō" of the Edo period, who ruled the Hiroshima Domain.
Asano Yoshinaga (Lord of Hiroshima) | Introduction
Construction began in 1620 during the Edo period at the order of Asano Nagaakira, "daimyō" of the Hiroshima "han". Shukkei-en was constructed by Ueda Sōko, who serve lord Asano as chief retainer (karō) of the domain and as a tea master. Since the Meiji period, the garden served as the villa of the Asano family. When under Emperor Meiji the Imperial General Headquarters were relocated to Hiroshima, the emperor briefly lodged at the villa. The gardens were opened to the public, and in 1940 the Asano family donated them to Hiroshima Prefecture. Being a short walk from ground zero of the nuclear attack on Hiroshima, Shukkei-en suffered extensive damage, and then became a refuge for victims of the war.
Shukkei-en | History
Mayor of Hiroshima is the head of the local government of Hiroshima City. In 1871, Hiroshima was ruled by a feudal prince from the Asano clan, who ruled from Hiroshima Castle. On April 1, 1889, all cities in Japan were granted a municipality. At this point, all mayors in Japan were appointed by the Ministry of Interior in Tokyo. The first mayor of Hiroshima was Akira Miki, who remained in office for three months. During the atomic attack on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945, mayor Senkichi Awaya was killed, and the municipal council had to appoint transitional mayor Shigetada Morishita, later followed by Shichirō Kihara.
Mayors of Hiroshima | Introduction
Some accounts state that the name "Hiroshima", meaning "wide island", comes from the existence of several large islands in the delta of the Otagawa, near the castle's site. Following the battle of Sekigahara in 1600, Mōri was forced out of the castle, retreating to Hagi in today's Yamaguchi Prefecture. Fukushima Masanori became the lord of Aki and Bingo Provinces (which today make up Hiroshima Prefecture) and of Hiroshima castle. However, the new Tokugawa shogunate forbade any castle construction without permission from Edo; this was part of how the shogunate kept the "daimyōs" from gaining power and overthrowing the shogunate. When Fukushima repaired the castle following a flood in 1619, he was dispatched to Kawanakajima in today's Nagano Prefecture.
Hiroshima Castle | History
820 years ago, in 1180, Minamoto no Yoritomo built his mansion here. Having consolidated his power, he ruled from this mansion, and his government was therefore called the Ōkura Bakufu. He was succeeded by his sons Yoriie and Sanetomo, and this place remained the seat of the government for 46 years until 1225, when his wife Hōjō Masako died. It was then transferred to . Erected in March 1917 by the Kamakura-machi Seinendan [Young People's Association] In 1213, when Wada Yoshimori rebelled against the Hōjō regents in the so-called Wada Kassen, his son Asahina Yoshihide stormed into the Ōkura Bakufu and burned it to the ground.
Ōkura Bakufu | Introduction
In 1603 Mori Tadamasa moved from the Shinano Kawanakajima Domain, marking the foundation for the castle at 186,000 koku. When construction began, Tsuruyama was renamed to Tsuyama. In 1616 the construction of 77 turrets, castle towers and 5 floors was completed. In 1697 the Mori clan became extinct, leaving the castle under the control of feudal Lord Asano Tsunanaga (浅野綱長) of Hiroshima Domain (広島藩).
Tsuyama Castle | Edo period
During the Edo period, power was won and consolidated by the Tokugawa clan, who became the Shoguns, and moved the capital to Edo, which became Tokyo. During this time, Japan, except for the port of Nagasaki, was virtually closed to foreigners, and Japanese were not allowed to travel to any country except China or the Netherlands. The Emperor remained in Kyoto as a figurehead leader, with authority only over cultural and religious affairs. While the political center of Japan was now Tokyo, Kyoto remained the cultural capital, the center for religion and art. The Shoguns provided the Emperors with little power, but with generous subsidies for building gardens.
Japanese garden | Edo period (1615–1867)
Hiroshima has a humid subtropical climate characterized by cool to mild winters and hot, humid summers. Like much of the rest of Japan, Hiroshima experiences a seasonal temperature lag in summer; with August rather than July being the warmest month of the year. Precipitation occurs year-round, although winter is the driest season. Rainfall peaks in June and July, with August experiencing sunnier and drier conditions.
Hiroshima | Climate
Fukuyama has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification "Cfa") with very warm summers and cool winters. Precipitation is significant throughout the year, but is somewhat lower in winter.
Fukuyama, Hiroshima | Climate
After the Han was abolished in 1871, the city became the capital of Hiroshima Prefecture. Hiroshima became a major urban center during the imperial period, as the Japanese economy shifted from primarily rural to urban industries. During the 1870s, one of the seven government-sponsored English language schools was established in Hiroshima. Ujina Harbor was constructed through the efforts of Hiroshima Governor Sadaaki Senda in the 1880s, allowing Hiroshima to become an important port city. The San'yō Railway was extended to Hiroshima in 1894, and a rail line from the main station to the harbor was constructed for military transportation during the First Sino-Japanese War.
Hiroshima | Imperial period (1871–1939)
*"The years listed are those in which the lord occupied Hiroshima castle, not the years of his life." **"All of the lords after Asano Nagaakira enjoyed the same 426,500 "koku".
Hiroshima Domain | "Daimyō" of Hiroshima
During that war, the Japanese government moved temporarily to Hiroshima, and Emperor Meiji maintained his headquarters at Hiroshima Castle from September 15, 1894, to April 27, 1895. The significance of Hiroshima for the Japanese government can be discerned from the fact that the first round of talks between Chinese and Japanese representatives to end the Sino-Japanese War was held in Hiroshima, from February 1 to February 4, 1895. New industrial plants, including cotton mills, were established in Hiroshima in the late 19th century. Further industrialization in Hiroshima was stimulated during the Russo-Japanese War in 1904, which required development and production of military supplies.
Hiroshima | Imperial period (1871–1939)
This period spanned the years from January 1334 through August 1338 in the North, and until only February 1336 in the Southern Court. Reigning Emperors were Emperor Go-Daigo in the south and Emperor Kōmyō in the north.
Kenmu | Introduction
Governors of Hiroshima Prefecture served from 1871, when the Japanese government abolished the position of the "daimyō" of Hiroshima. Until 1947, the governors of Hiroshima Prefecture were appointed by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in Tokyo, but from 1947 onward they were elected.
Governors of Hiroshima Prefecture | Introduction
The Sengoku period is roughly between 1467 and 1572. The Kikuchi clan declined, and Higo Province became the land of "Field Mowing", meaning that the strong could take the land of the weaker.
History of Kumamoto Prefecture | Sengoku period
A settlement for travelers existed in this located since at least the "Eiroku" era (1588-1570) of the Sengoku period, as it was located approximately at the midpoint of the route between Kyoto and Edo, and midpoint on the Kisoji. During the Edo period, the post station was greatly enlarged as it became the seat of a "daikan" administrator appointed by the Tokugawa shogunate to oversee one of the four major checkpoints for regulation of travelers on the Nakasendō. Per an 1843 guidebook issued by the , the town stretched for about 1.1 kilometers along the highway, with a population of 972 in 158 houses, with one "honjin", one "waki-honjin," and 14 "hatago".
Fukushima-juku | History
*"The years listed are those in which the lord occupied Hiroshima castle, not the years of his life." **"All of the lords after Asano Nagaakira enjoyed the same 426,500 "koku".
Hiroshima Castle | "Daimyōs" of Hiroshima
In 1868, the medieval city of Edo, seat of the Tokugawa government, was renamed Tokyo, and the offices of Tokyo Prefecture ("-fu") were opened. The extent of Tokyo Prefecture was initially limited to the former Edo city, but rapidly augmented to be comparable with the present Tokyo Metropolis. In 1878, the Meiji government's reorganization of local governments subdivided prefectures into counties or districts ("gun", further subdivided into towns and villages, later reorganized similar to Prussian districts) and districts or wards ("ku") which were in ordinary prefectures cities as a whole, e.g. today's Hiroshima City ("-shi") was then "Hiroshima-ku"; the three major cities of Tokyo, Osaka and Kyoto were each subdivided into several such wards.
Tokyo City | History
Senbon Hisanobu (July 13, 1827 – October 15, 1885) was a Japanese politician of the early Meiji period who served as governor of Hiroshima Prefecture in Nov. 15–27, 1871.
Senbon Hisanobu | Introduction
What is today the city of Fukuyama was founded as a castle town in 1619 by Mizuno Katsunari, a cousin of "shōgun" Tokugawa Ieyasu. Mizuno was given command of a territory in western Japan consisting of southern Bingo Province and southwestern Bitchu Province. He built a new castle-town as his capital and called it Fukuyama. After the abolition of the han system in 1871, Fukuyama Prefecture was founded. A short time later the prefecture was renamed Fukatsu. Fukatsu Prefecture was merged with Kurashiki Prefecture in 1872 to form Oda Prefecture. In 1875 Oda Prefecture was merged into Okayama Prefecture. When the border between Hiroshima and Okayama prefectures was re-arranged in 1876, Fukuyama Town became a part of Hiroshima Prefecture.
Fukuyama, Hiroshima | History
Kusunose was appointed to his position as governor at a time when the city of Hiroshima was in destruction following the first use of the nuclear bomb in August 1945. He was appointed by the Japanese government to fill that position upon the expiration of the appointment of his predecessor Genshin Takano. In 1947 he was elected to the same position and thus became the first elected governor of Hiroshima Prefecture. As part of his efforts to reconstruct the city, he held on February 22, 1946, a conference on the future of Hiroshima with the participation of historian Yoshirō Saeki, novelist Yoko Ota, deputy Mayor of Kure Tomiko Koura and others.
Tsunei Kusunose | Introduction
The streets in the modern-day wards of Nakagyō, Shimogyō, and Kamigyō-ku still follow a grid pattern. The emperors of Japan ruled from Kyoto in the following eleven centuries until 1869, when the court relocated to Tokyo. The city was devastated during the Ōnin War in the 15th century and went into an extended period of decline, but gradually revived under the Tokugawa shogunate (1600–1868) and flourished as a major city in Japan. The modern municipality of Kyoto was established in 1889. The city was spared from large-scale destruction during World War II and as a result, its prewar cultural heritage has mostly been preserved.
Kyoto | Introduction
Asano Shigeakira (December 2, 1743 – January 4, 1814) was a Japanese "daimyō" of the Edo period, who ruled the Hiroshima Domain.
Asano Shigeakira | Introduction
Fukuhara became the capital of Japan for a brief period near the end of Kiyomori's rule. A monument erected shortly after his death, the "Kiyomori-zuka", stands in the gardens of a shrine opposite Kiyomori Bridge, also named in his honour.
Hyōgo-ku, Kobe | Pre Edo period
After the establishment of the Tokugawa Shogunate, the Nanbu ruled the Shimokita Peninsula and the districts immediately to the south of it. The area to the west of the Nanbu's holdings and to the north of the lands held by the Akita clan were all controlled by the Tsugaru clan, from their capital at Hirosaki. Work on Hirosaki Castle was completed in 1611, replacing Horikoshi Castle as the Tsugaru clan's fortress. By 1631, the Tsugaru clan had solidified their control over their gains made during the Sengoku period. Mutsu Province was struck by the Great Tenmei famine between 1781 and 1789, due to lower than usual temperatures that were exacerbated by volcanic eruptions at Mount Iwaki, near the Tsugaru clan's capital, Hirosaki, between November 1782 and June 1783.
Aomori Prefecture | Edo period
Later, the whole province of Yamato got drawn into the confusion of the Sengoku period. Tōdai-ji was once again set on fire in 1567, when Matsunaga Hisahide, who was later appointed by Oda Nobunaga to the lord of Yamato Province, fought for supremacy against his former master Miyoshi family. Followed by short appointments of Tsutsui Junkei and Toyotomi Hidenaga by Toyotomi Hideyoshi to the lord, the Tokugawa shogunate ultimately ruled the city of Nara directly, and most parts of Yamato province with a few feudal lords allocated at Kōriyama, Takatori and other places. With industry and commerce developing in the 18th century, the economy of the province was incorporated into prosperous Osaka, the commercial capital of Japan at the time.
Nara Prefecture | The Sengoku and Edo periods to present
Sukeyuki Ban (伴 資健 "Ban Sukeyuki", born Dec. 31, 1835 - died Jan. 28, 1913) was twice the mayor of Hiroshima in 1889-1895 and 1896-1906.
Sukeyuki Ban | Introduction
By 1590, when the military leader Tokugawa Ieyasu selected Edo as his military headquarters, the settlement surrounding Edojuku boasted a mere hundred thatch-roofed cottages. Ieyasu assembled warriors and craftsmen, fortified the Edojuku castle with moats and bridges, and built up the town. The Edo period ("Edo jidai") began when Tokugawa Ieyasu became "shōgun" in 1603. He was the effective ruler of Japan, and his Edo became a powerful and flourishing city as the effective national capital. However, Japan's imperial seat and official capital remained in Kyoto, but the Emperor was virtually powerless. The outer enclosures of Edo Castle were completed in 1606, and it continues to remain at the core of the city.
History of Tokyo | Edo or Tokugawa period, 1603–1868
Tokugawa Ieyasu emerged as the paramount warlord of the Sengoku period following his victory at the Battle of Sekigahara in October 1600. He formally founded the Tokugawa shogunate in 1603 and established his headquarters at Edo Castle. Edo became the center of political power and "de facto" capital of Japan, although the historic capital of Kyoto remained the "de jure" capital as the seat of the emperor. Edo transformed from a fishing village in Musashi Province in 1457 into the largest metropolis in the world with an estimated population of 1,000,000 by 1721.Edo was repeatedly and regularly devastated by fires, the Great fire of Meireki in 1657 being the most disastrous, with an estimated 100,000 victims and a vast portion of the city completely burnt.
Edo | Tokugawa era
A midden was excavated from 1955 to 1964. Jōmon pottery was found, indicating that the Palace was inhabited in the Jōmon period, before 300 BCE. Toward the end of the Heian period, Edo Shirō () built his residence in Edo, but its exact location remains unknown. Ōta Dōkan constructed the Edo Castle from 1456 to 1457. Hōjō Ujitsuna occupied the Edo Castle in 1524. Later the Castle was controlled by Hojo's retainers, the Toyama clan. In 1590, Tokugawa Ieyasu lived here when Edo became his stronghold. The Palace, at that time, faced the sea of Hibiya on the eastern end.
Biota of Tokyo Imperial Palace | Before the Edo Era
The shōgun bequeathed this land to Lord Naitō ("daimyō") of Tsuruga in the Edo period who completed a garden here in 1772. After the Meiji Restoration the house and its grounds were converted into an experimental agricultural centre. It then became a botanical garden before becoming an imperial garden in 1879. The current configuration of the garden was completed in 1906. Most of the garden was destroyed by air raids in 1945, during the later stages of World War II. The garden was rebuilt after the war. The jurisdiction over the Imperial Palace Outer Garden and the Kyoto imperial garden was transferred to the Ministry of Health and Welfare (now the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare) in 1947.
Shinjuku Gyo-en | History
The two outer moats were filled in during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and much of what was once within the castle grounds is now modern urban area, including homes, schools, offices and shops. A number of secondary castle buildings, towers and turrets once stood, and a Shinto shrine called Hiroshima Gokoku Jinja is located within the innermost moat, having been moved there after 1945. Within the castle walls, three trees survived the atomic bombing: a eucalyptus and a willow at approximately 740 m from the hypocenter, and a holly approximately 935 m from the hypocenter. Both specimens are preserved just beyond the Honmaru.
Hiroshima Castle | Structure
During the Edo period, the area of present-day Tendō was part of Tendō Domain, a 20,000 "koku" feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate controlled by the Oda clan, who ruled from 1831–1871. After the start of the Meiji period, the area organized as Tendō Village under Higashimurayama District, Yamagata Prefecture in 1878. It was elevated to town status on April 27, 1892 and became a city on October 1, 1958.
Tendō, Yamagata | History
Afterwards, he sided with Tokugawa Ieyasu during the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600.
Aomori Prefecture | Sengoku period
The area of present-day Rikuzentakata was part of ancient Mutsu Province, and has been settled since at least the Jōmon period. The area was inhabited by the Emishi people, and came under the control of the Yamato dynasty during the early Heian period. During the Sengoku period, the area was dominated by various samurai clans before coming under the control of the Date clan during the Edo period, who ruled Sendai Domain under the Tokugawa shogunate. The towns of Kesen and Takata were established within Kesen District on April 1, 1889 with the establishment of the modern municipality system. The area was devastated by the 1896 Sanriku earthquake and the 1933 Sanriku earthquake.
Rikuzentakata, Iwate | History
He was rewarded with the governorships of Shimane Prefecture (1881–1888), Fukushima Prefecture (1888–1891), Osaka Prefecture (1891–1895) and Kyoto Prefecture (1895–1897). On June 5, 1896 he was elevated to the rank of baron ("danshaku") in the "kazoku " peerage system.
Yamada Nobumichi | Biography
During the Edo period, Suruga prospered due to its location on the Tōkaidō, and numerous post towns developed. For defensive purposes, the Tokugawa shogunate forbade the construction of bridges on the major rivers of Suruga Province (such as at the Ōi River), which further led to town development on the major river crossings. During this period, the major urban center of Sunpu remained a "tenryō" territory, administered directly the Shōgun by the Sunpu jōdai, and several smaller feudal domains were assigned to close "fudai" retainers. Following the defeat of the Tokugawa shogunate during the Boshin War of the Meiji Restoration, the last Tokugawa "shōgun", Tokugawa Yoshinobu returned to Suruga in 1868 to rule the short-lived Shizuoka Domain until the abolition of the han system in 1871 by the new Meiji government.
Suruga Province | Early modern period
Torii Tadamasa was appointed as "daimyō" of Iwakitaira Domain under the Edo period Tokugawa shogunate, with an assessed "kokudaka" of 100,000 "koku" and constructed Iwakitaira Castle. The domain covered only a portion of what is now Iwaki city: other parts of the city were under the control of Izumi Domain (1634) and Yunagaya Domain (1670). All three domains joined the Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei during the Bakumatsu period in support of the Tokugawa against the Satchō Alliance during the Boshin War, but following the Meiji Restoration, and the 1871 Abolition of the han system The new Meiji government created Iwakitaira Prefecture, Yunagaya Prefecture and Izumi Prefecture, which were incorporated to Iwamae (Iwasaki) Prefecture (磐前県) and to the current Fukushima Prefecture (1876).
Iwaki, Fukushima | History
In 1712, the Sōma managed to change their status from "tozama" to "fudai daimyō". The Great Tenmei famine of 1781–1789 hit the domain very hard and the domain subsequently accepted landless immigrants from the Etchū Province (present-day Toyama Prefecture) to keep the population. During the last Edo period, the domain began to implement the Hōtoku agricultural reforms originated by Ninomiya Sontoku.
Sōma Nakamura Domain | History
It was made between 1655-1658 by gardeners from Kyoto invited by the second lord of Tsuyama Domain Mori Nagatsugu. It was modelled on Sento Imperial Palace (仙洞御所) of the Kyoto Imperial Palace (京都御所). The garden at the time was three times the size of the current one. During the Edo period, the Matsudaira clan used the garden as Gotaimenjo (御対面所) for audiences or diplomacy. None of the buildings from the Edo period remain. The present buildings are reconstructions. It was given the name Shūraku-en in 1870. Shūraku-en was designated a by the national government in 2002. It is now open to the public free as a citizen's park.
Shūraku-en | History
20th d.: Dec 13）, Ishiura (石占頓宮; today Tado; 11th m. 25th d.: Dec 18）, Tagi district (当伎郡; today Yōrō; 11th m. 26th d.: Dec 19）, Fuwa (不破頓宮; today Tarui; 12th m. 1st d.: Dec 23）, Yokokawa (横川頓宮; today Santō or Maihara; 12th m. 6th d.: Dec 28), Inukami (犬上頓宮; today Hikone; 12th m. 7th d.: Dec 29）, Gamō district (蒲生郡; today near Yōkaichi; 12th m. 9th d.: Dec 31）, Yasu (野洲頓宮; today Yasu or Moriyama; 12th m. 10th d.: Jan 1）, Awazu (禾津頓宮; today Ōtsu; 12th m. 11th d.： Jan 2）, Tamanoi (玉井頓宮; today Yamashina-ku, Kyoto; 12th m. 14th d.）.
Fujiwara no Hirotsugu rebellion | Emperor Shōmu's tour to the eastern provinces
Kure has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification "Cfa") with hot summers and cool winters. Precipitation is significant throughout the year and is heaviest in summer.
Kure, Hiroshima | Climate
In the 1600s, Matsuo Bashō, a renowned haiku poet of the Edo period, lived in a hut overlooking this property for four years. In the Meiji period the estate owner and well-known statesman Prince Aritomo Yamagata built his mansion here and named it "Chinzan-so" or "House of Camellia" after the numerous camellia flowers that blossomed here; he made use of the undulating topography of the mansion grounds to its best advantage. The Prince hosted many important political meetings here. Records say that the Emperor Meiji held a number of important conferences with his high-ranking dignitaries at the "House of Camellia".
Chinzan-sō Garden | History
During this period, although the Emperor of Japan was officially the ruler of his nation and every lord swore loyalty to him, he was largely a marginalized, ceremonial, and religious figure who delegated power to the "shōgun", a noble who was roughly equivalent to a general. In the years preceding this era, the shogunate gradually lost influence and control over the "daimyōs" (local lords). Although the Ashikaga shogunate had retained the structure of the Kamakura shogunate and instituted a warrior government based on the same social economic rights and obligations established by the Hōjō with the "Jōei" Code in 1232, it failed to win the loyalty of many "daimyō", especially those whose domains were far from the capital, Kyoto.
Sengoku period | Summary
This area was originally built by Ōkubo Nagayasu in the Keichō era of the early Edo period. There was a shorter route along the Nakasendō that connected Shimosuwa-shuku and Niekawa-juku directly, but the route was changed to include this post town, as well as Seba-juku and Motoyama-juku, after Ōkubo's death. It eventually became the connecting post town between Shimosuwa-shuku and Seba-juku. During its most prosperous period, there were over 70 buildings in the town and it thrived as one of the "kokudaka" of the Matsumoto Domain. Because of its size, it was divided into "upper," "central" and "lower" portions. During the Meiji period, there was a large fire, which destroyed most of the town.
Shiojiri-shuku | History
When Tokugawa Ieyasu entered the Edo castle in 1590, there was a beautiful coastline fringed with Japanese black pine trees. The present-day Palace faced the sea at that time. In the early years of the Edo period, there were residences of influential daimyōs. After the latter half of the 17th century, the central parts of the Palace were made beautiful gardens. In the early years of Showa, a golf course of 9 holes was made, which was abolished by the wish of Hirohito in 1937. Hirohito also hoped that the gardens would be left so that nature would be returned; some of the trees were transplanted since 1948.
Biota of Tokyo Imperial Palace | Flora
The residence was the site of the secondary Edo residence of the Hosokawa clan. In 1891, it was chosen to be the residence of Masako, Princess Tsune and Fusako, Princess Kane, two daughters of the Emperor. Hirohito resided as the Crown Prince between 1913 and 1924. It became the residence of Nobuhito in 1931, and a building in Tudor style and a Japanese style building were built. They survived the war, but part of the grounds were confiscated. On those grounds were built the Takamatsu Junior high school and public residences. The western style building was dismantled in 1972, and a new reinforced concrete residence was built in its place.
Takanawa Residence | History
The clan continued to rule over the Sendai Domain during the Edo period. However, under the Edo period Tokugawa shogunate, most of the area of Date was initially part of Yonezawa Domain, followed by Fukushima Domain and Yanagawa Domain before becoming "tenryō" territory under direct control of the shogunate. It was not part of the Date Clan's territories. After the Meiji Restoration, the area was organized as part of Nakadōri region of Iwaki Province. As of 1889, at the time of the establishment of the modern municipalities system, the area consisted of 21 towns and villages. Between the years 1955 and 1960, these were consolidated into the five towns of Date (formerly the villages of Nagaoka and Fushiguro), Hobara (formerly the town of Hobara and the villages of Ooda, Kamihobara, Hashirazawa, and Tominari), Ryōzen (formerly the villages of Ryozen, Kakeda, Oguni, and Ishido), Tsukidate (formerly the villages of Ote and Otegawa), and Yanagawa (formerly the town of Yanagawa and the villages of Awano, Sekimoto, Shirane, Ooeda, Isazawa, Tomino, and Yamafunyuu), which merged to create the modern city of Date on January 1, 2006.
Date, Fukushima | History
Eventually, in 1657, unable to withstand the pressure from the shogunate and the domain leaders, he left Okayama Domain. In 1658, he moved to Kyoto and opened a private juku (school). In 1660, at the request of , he travelled to Tateda, Oita, and gave directions on land management. In 1661, his fame grew, and he again came to be under the surveillance of the shogunate, and was eventually driven out of Kyoto by , aide to the head of the . In 1667, he escaped to Yoshinoyama, Yamato Province (now Yoshino, Nara). He then moved to live in hiding in , Yamashiro Province (now Kizugawa, Kyoto).
Kumazawa Banzan | Time out of power and later life
During the close of the Kanpō era, a comet was seen and recorded in the "Nihon Ōdai Ichiran", a consensus by later researches state that the comet was likely C/1743 X1 (De Cheseaux). The fourth and final era during Sakuramachi's reign began in 1744, and was called "Enkyō" (meaning "Becoming Prolonged"). This new era was created to mark the start of a new 60-year cycle of the Chinese zodiac. The last two major events during Sakuramachi's reign occurred in 1745, when Tokugawa Ieshige became the new shogun. The first establishment of a market fair in the capital was to be found at Hirano Shrine in Ōmi Province, while in Edo a great fire swept through the city.
Emperor Sakuramachi | Reign
The office was created in December 1864; and initially there was only one "bugyō" until the position was allowed to lapse in December 1865. In 1867, the office was restored; and thereafter, there were always two bugyō. During this period, Hyogo came to rank with the largest urban centers, some of which were designated as a "shogunal city". The number of such cities rose from three to eleven under Tokugawa administration.
Hyōgo bugyō | History
Other than the mansion of the Hiroshima Domain feudal lord Asano (current Jingūmae 4 and 5 chōme), there were many mansions of shogunate retainers. The livelihood of the farmers consisted mainly of rice cleaning and flour milling with the watermill at the Shibuya River. However, due to the poor quality of the land, production never succeeded and the villages never prospered. It is said that local farmers often performed rain-making invocations at local shrines in an attempt to improve their fortunes. There are also the tales "Oyama-Afuri Shrine of Tanzawa" and "Worship on the day trip to Mt Haruna" remaining.
Harajuku | Pre-Edo period
During the Meiji period, an Imperial decree dated March 3, 1911, established that the legitimate reigning monarchs of this period were the direct descendants of Emperor Go-Daigo through Emperor Go-Murakami, whose Southern Court been established in exile in Yoshino, near Nara. Until the end of the Edo period, the militarily superior pretender-Emperors supported by the Ashikaga shogunate had been mistakenly incorporated in Imperial chronologies despite the undisputed fact that the Imperial Regalia were not in their possession. This illegitimate Northern Court had been established in Kyoto by Ashikaga Takauji.
Kenmu | Nanboku-chō overview
During the Sengoku period, which lasted from the 15th to 17th centuries, the Tōsandō was controlled by the Takeda (Kai Province), Ogasawara (Shinano Province), Kanamori (Hida Province) and Oda (Mino Province) clans. In order to connect the Tōsandō with the Tōkaidō (and Takeda's troops with Oda's), a road system was developed. This route is generally followed by the modern day national highways numbered 52, 151, 153, and 22.
Nakasendō | Sengoku period
Hiroshi Kawabuchi (August 15, 1883 – October 1, 1946) was a Japanese politician who served as governor of Hiroshima Prefecture from July 1929 to May 1931. He was governor of Fukushima Prefecture (1925-1927) and Fukuoka Prefecture (1931). He was mayor of Kōchi, Kōchi from 1936 to 1941.
Hiroshi Kawabuchi | Introduction
(That was caused by the Meiji Restoration in 1868.) The Emperor himself lived in Kyoto from 794 to 1868 as capital of Japan. During the Edo era, the city enjoyed a prolonged period of peace known as the "Pax Tokugawa", and in the presence of such peace, Edo adopted a stringent policy of seclusion, which helped to perpetuate the lack of any serious military threat to the city. The absence of war-inflicted devastation allowed Edo to devote the majority of its resources to rebuilding in the wake of the consistent fires, earthquakes, and other devastating natural disasters that plagued the city.
Tokyo | Pre-1869 (Edo period)
Also within the current borders of Saga Prefecture during this time were the Karatsu Domain (唐津藩 "Karatsu-han") and two territories of the Tsushima-Fuchū Domain (対馬府中藩 "Tsushimafuchū-han"). Saga Domain and its sub-domains continued to be ruled by the Nabeshima clan, its various illegitimate family lineages and members of the former Ryūzōji clan, and politically the area was relatively stable. However, the cost of defending Nagasaki was increasing and, difficult from the start, the financial situation was worsened by the great Kyōhō famine and the Siebold Typhoon of 1828. Nevertheless, due to the large area of reclaimed land from the Ariake Sea arable land was able to increase significantly and by the 1840s the annual koku of Saga Domain increased to about 670,000, twice that of 200 years before.
Saga Prefecture | Feudal period
Kaiichiro Suematsu (June 18, 1875 – June 26, 1947) was a Japanese politician who served as governor of Hiroshima Prefecture from September 1926 to November 1927. He was governor of Tokushima Prefecture (1915-1917), Shiga Prefecture (1923-1925) and Ibaraki Prefecture (1925-1926). He was mayor of Beppu, Ōita from 1942 to 1946.
Kaiichiro Suematsu | Introduction
Suzuka, as a place name, is mentioned in the Nara period chronicle "Nihon Shoki". The ancient Tōkaidō passed through Suzuka, and the Nara-period provincial capital was located within its borders. During the Sengoku period, the area was controlled by Oda Nobutaka, the third son of Oda Nobunaga, who ruled from Kanbe Castle. During the Edo period, much of the area was under the control of the 15,000 "koku" Kambe Domain, ruled by the Honda clan from 1732 until the Meiji restoration in 1871. During this period, two post stations were located within the modern city limits: Ishiyakushi-juku and Shōno-juku, which prospered due to pilgrimage traffic to the Ise Grand Shrines.
Suzuka, Mie | History
This proved to be a fortunate decision, as in 1428, the son of the 2nd Prince Fushimi-no-miya ascended the throne as Emperor Go-Hanazono. In the Edo period, three additional "seshū shinnōke" households were created by the Tokugawa shogunate, in conscious imitation of the Tokugawa Gosanke.
Shinnōke | History
In 1590 Tokugawa Ieyasu took control of all of Kazusa Province. Ieyasu granted Ōtaki to his famed general Honda Tadakatsu, and established the Ōtaki Domain as a 100,000 "koku" feudal domain. Tadakatsu built Ōtaki Castle on the site of the earlier castle and laid out a large-scale castle town. Honda Tadakatsu's placement at Ōtaki was a strong buffer against the military power of the Satomi clan to the south. The ownership of the castle changed hands many times after Honda Tadakatsu's control, but from 1703 the Matsudaira clan held the castle for nine generations. Despite the Matsudaira clan's control of the castle, the majority of the Ōtaki region was controlled as "tenryō" territory by "hatamoto" in direct service to the Tokugawa shogunate.
Ōtaki, Chiba | Edo Period
Tsutomu Fujii (1840–1880) was a Japanese politician who served as governor of Hiroshima Prefecture in 1875–1880.
Tsutomu Fujii | Introduction
The city was fully under control in July 1868. During that time, Tokugawa Yoshinobu had been under voluntary confinement at Kan'ei-ji temple. On 3 September 1868, the city was renamed Tokyo ("Eastern capital"), and the Meiji Emperor moved his capital to Tokyo, electing residence in Edo Castle, today's Imperial Palace.
Fall of Edo | Introduction
During the Meiji period, an Imperial decree dated March 3, 1911 established that the legitimate reigning monarchs of this period were the direct descendants of Emperor Go-Daigo through Emperor Go-Murakami, whose had been established in exile in Yoshino, near Nara. Until the end of the Edo period, the militarily superior pretender-Emperors supported by the Ashikaga shogunate had been mistakenly incorporated in Imperial chronologies despite the undisputed fact that the Imperial Regalia were not in their possession. This illegitimate had been established in Kyoto by Ashikaga Takauji.
Ryakuō | Nanboku-chō overview
In the Edo period, the Tōkaidō passed through the area that is now Fuji, with a post station at Yoshiwara-juku. During the Edo period, the area was mostly "tenryō" territory under direct control of the Tokugawa shogunate. With the establishment of the modern municipalities system of the early Meiji period in 1889, the area was reorganized into the town of Yoshiwara (吉原町) and the villages of Shimada (島田村) Denbō (伝法村), Imaizumi (今泉村), Motoyoshiwara (元吉原村), Sudo (須津村), Yoshinaga (吉永村), Harada (原田村), Ōbuchi (大淵村), Kajima (加島村), Tagoura (田子浦村), Iwamatsu (岩松村), and Takaoka (鷹岡村) within Fuji District. Kajima became the town of Fuji on August 1, 1929.
Fuji, Shizuoka | History
In 1590, after Tokugawa Ieyasu was resettled in Edo, by order of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, he assigned Honda Tadakatsu to erect a new fortification to help contain the power of the Satomi in Tateyama Domain. The Satomi were destroyed by the Tokugawa shogunate in 1614, but the Honda continued to rule as "daimyō" of the 100,000 "koku" Ōtaki Domain for the following three generations. Control of Ōtaki Domain subsequently passed to "daimyōs" from the Abe, Aoyama, and Inagaki clans before being assigned to Matsudaira Masahisa, whose descendants continued to rule from Ōtaki Castle until the Meiji Restoration. However, during this history, Ōtaki Domain was reduced from 100,000 "koku" to 16,000 "koku".
Ōtaki Castle (Chiba) | Edo Period
Shineha was the present Naraha. Namekata and Uta were the present Sōma. Watari was the present Watari, Miyagi. The area of the present Iwaki City was composed of Kikuta and Iwaki (岩城 or 磐城). The Yamato government constructed the Nakoso barrier around 708 AD against possible invasion by the Emishi tribes in the north. In the late 11th century, the Iwaki clan (岩城氏) of Hitachi Province invaded Iwaki district (磐城郡) and divided it into four districts of Yoshima, Iwasaki, Iwaki, Naraha. The clan ruled the area from the Kamakura period to the end of the Sengoku period. In 1600, Iwaki Sadataka opposed Tokugawa Ieyasu during the Battle of Sekigahara and as a result, the Iwaki clan was deposed.
Iwaki, Fukushima | History
Tadaatsu ruled Hanabusa as "daimyō" until 1869, when he was made "han chiji" (imperial governor). He finally left Hanabusa after the [[abolition of the han system|abolition of the domains]] in 1871, and relocated to [[Tokyo]]. He was created a [[viscount]] under the "[[kazoku]]" peerage system in 1884.
Nishio Tadaatsu | Introduction
During the Kamakura period and the Sengoku period, the area was dominated by several samurai clans. During the Edo period, part of what is now Tsuchiura was administered as a castle town by Tsuchiura Domain, one of the feudal domains of the Tokugawa shogunate. The area prospered due to its position on the Mito Kaido, a highway connecting Edo with Mito and with a canal connecting Lake Kasumigaura to Edo Bay.
Tsuchiura | Premodern era
Takatoshi Iwamura (December 8, 1845 – January 4, 1906) was a Japanese politician who served as governor of Hiroshima Prefecture from May to July 1898. He was governor of Saga Prefecture (1874), Ehime Prefecture (1874–1880), Ishikawa Prefecture (1883–1890), Aichi Prefecture (1890–1892) and Fukuoka Prefecture (1895–1898).
Takatoshi Iwamura | Introduction
Upon the consolidation of power, Minamoto no Yoritomo chose to rule in concert with the Imperial Court in Kyoto. Though Yoritomo set up his own government in Kamakura in the Kantō region located in eastern Japan, its power was legally authorized by the Imperial court in Kyoto in several occasions. In 1192, the emperor declared Yoritomo "seii tai-shōgun" (; "Eastern Barbarian Subduing Great General"), abbreviated "shōgun". Yoritomo's government was called the "bakufu" ( ("tent government"), referring to the tents where his soldiers encamped. The English term "shogunate" refers to the "bakufu". Japan remained largely under military rule until 1868. Legitimacy was conferred on the shogunate by the Imperial court, but the shogunate was the "de facto" rulers of the country.
History of Japan | Kamakura period (1185–1333)
Tokiji Yoshinaga (February 8, 1892 – March 25, 1976) was a Japanese politician who served as governor of Hiroshima Prefecture from March 26, 1941 to June 15, 1942.
Tokiji Yoshinaga | Introduction
As of April 1, 2015, the city has an estimated population of 124,829, with 52,034 households. Population density is around 3,176.79 persons per km², and the total area is 39.52 km². The city was founded on February 11, 1956. The former mayor was Yutaka Asoda, who was elected to his third term of office in 2003. The present mayor is Yutaka Morishita, who was elected in 2007. The exact spot of Emperor Jimmu's descent to earth was debated for centuries until in 1863 an area that is now part of the city was claimed to be the exact location. The city was the location of the Imperial capital Fujiwara-kyō, from 694 to 710.
Kashihara, Nara | Introduction
The rebellion was suppressed with extreme severity by the Tokugawa Bakufu, and the area of Minamishimabara was ruled by a branch of the Matsudaira clan from 1668-1774 and from 1774–1871.
Minamishimabara | History
Adhikari and Kumon (2001), investigating sediments in Lake Nakatsuna in central Japan, found a warm period from 900 to 1200 that corresponded to the Medieval Warm Period and three cool phases, two of which could be related to the Little Ice Age. Another research in northeastern Japan shows that there is one warm and humid interval, from 750 to 1200, and two cold and dry intervals, from 1 to 750 and from 1200 to now. Ge "et al." studied temperatures in China during the past 2000 years and found high uncertainty prior to the 16th century but good consistency over the last 500 years highlighted by the two cold periods, 1620s–1710s and 1800s–1860s, and the warming during the 20th century.
Medieval Warm Period | Asia
Tokugawa Ieyasu served as regent for Hideyoshi's son Toyotomi Hideyori and used his position to gain political and military support. When open war broke out, Ieyasu defeated rival clans in the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600. He was appointed "shōgun" by Emperor Go-Yōzei in 1603 and established the Tokugawa shogunate at Edo (modern Tokyo). The shogunate enacted measures including "buke shohatto", as a code of conduct to control the autonomous "daimyōs", and in 1639 the isolationist "sakoku" ("closed country") policy that spanned the two and a half centuries of tenuous political unity known as the Edo period (1603–1868). Modern Japan's economic growth began in this period, resulting in roads and water transportation routes, as well as financial instruments such as futures contracts, banking and insurance of the Osaka rice brokers.
Japan | Feudal era
In 784, the capital moved briefly to Nagaoka-kyō, then again in 794 to Heian-kyō (modern Kyoto), which remained the capital until 1868. Political power within the court soon passed to the Fujiwara clan, a family of court nobles who grew increasingly close to the imperial family through intermarriage. Between 812–814 CE, a smallpox epidemic killed almost half of the Japanese population. In 858, Fujiwara no Yoshifusa had himself declared "sesshō" ("regent") to the underage emperor. His son Fujiwara no Mototsune created the office of "kampaku", which could rule in the place of an adult reigning emperor. Fujiwara no Michinaga, an exceptional statesman who became "kampaku" in 996, governed during the height of the Fujiwara clan's power and married four of his daughters to emperors, current and future.
History of Japan | Heian period (794–1185)
After the start of the national isolation policy and the persecution of the Japanese Christians, many local Christians were herded into the grounds of Ōmura Castle and forced to take poison in 1616. Ōmura Sumiyori himself was poisoned in 1619. The Ōmura daimyō remained in residence at Kushima Castle until the Meiji Restoration of 1868. It was the seat of the local government until 1871, when the former Ōmura Domain was merged into the new Nagasaki Prefecture. The "donjon" was pulled down in 1871, as were all of the supporting structures. Today, only the moat and portions of stone walls remain.
Kushima Castle | History
Saitou Hikonai (斎藤彦内, 1709-1750) was a farmer and leader of a peasants' revolt in Mutsu province's Date district (within present day Fukushima Prefecture) during the Edo Period. In the second year of the Kan'en Era (1749), cold weather patterns severely damaged rice fields and other produce. Following the poor harvest, the annual rice tax was lowered by regional offices working under the Tokugawa shogunate within the Fukushima Domain and other areas. In neighboring Ko'ori, however, the regional government office raised the tax. This, after local farmers had applied a number of times for the tax to be lowered. Refusing to starve themselves in order to pay the tax, 17,000 people from the 68 villages within the Date district gathered to petition the office of the regional government.
Saitou Hikonai | Introduction
Under the Edo period Tokugawa shogunate, Odawara Domain in Sagami Province was controlled by the Ōkubo clan. As with most domains in the han system, Odawara Domain consisted of several discontinuous territories calculated to provide its assigned "kokudaka", and one of these holdings was a 4000 "koku" fief in Shimotsuke Province. The "daimyō" of Odawara, Ōkubo Tadatomo and constructed a fortified residence the following year for his third son to administer this exclave. Originally, the "jin'ya" was a complex of 12-13 buildings with a large office, warehouses and stables, all surrounded by an earthen rampart. Over time, due to poor farming practices and neglect, the lands of the Ōkubo holding became exhausted, with its yield dropping to less than 1000 "koku".
Sakuramachi Jin'ya | Overview
However, further natural disasters followed. On October 4, 1707, the Great Hoei earthquake again devastated Edo and Odawara, destroying much of what had been rebuilt from the earlier disaster. This was followed by the Hōei eruption of Mount Fuji in December, with volcanic ash raining on Edo and Odawara and repeated earthquakes. The following year the Sakawa River flooded due to sediment build-up resulting from the ash fall, and the crops failed. Some 104 villages in Ashigarakami District and 59 villages in Suntō District were rendered uninhabitable. Tadamasu appealed to the Tokugawa shogunate for assistance, and in response, the government annexed the disaster-struck portions of his territories as "tenryō" under the direct control of the central government, and provided Tadamasu for new territories with an assessed value of 60,000 "koku" scattered across the provinces of Izu, Mimasaka and Harima.
Ōkubo Tadamasu | Biography
During the Edo people, Echizen province was fragmented into several feudal domains as well as extensive territories under the direct control of the Tokugawa shogunate or assigned to a number of "hatamoto" retainers. The territories not belonging to any feudal domain were administered by the , the shogunate's administrator for the province of Hida. In 1720, in order to better administer the territories located in Echizen Province, a jin'ya was constructed in what was then Honpo-machi, Nyū District, Previously, shogunate outposts had been in what is now Sabae and Katsuyama. The Honpo Jin'ya was abolished in 1721 and re-established in 1744.
Honpo Jin'ya | History
Asano Munetsune (September 27, 1717 – January 2, 1788) was a Japanese "daimyō" of period, who ruled the Hiroshima Domain. His childhood name was Senjirō (仙次郎) laer Iwamatsu (岩松).
Asano Munetsune | Introduction
Fuwa Mitsuharu took charge of Ryūmon-ji Castle, whose stone foundations and parts of the moat can be seen today at Ryūmon-ji temple. After the Battle of Sekigahara, the victorious Tokugawa Ieyasu awarded all of Echizen Province to his second son, Yūki Hideyasu, who what became Fukui Domain ruled from Fukui Castle He changed his name to Matsudaira, and the Matsudaira remained in control of the area until the end of the Edo period. At the start of Fukui Domain, Honda Tomimasa, highly trusted by Tokugawa Ieyasu, was appointed as Hideyasu's "karō". Honda received a small piece of land and became governor of Echizen-Fuchū.
Echizen, Fukui | Pre-modern history
', sometimes called ', is a castle in Hiroshima, Japan that was the home of the "daimyō" (feudal lord) of the Hiroshima han (fief). The castle was originally constructed in the 1590s, but was destroyed by the atomic bombing on August 6, 1945. The castle was rebuilt in 1958, a replica of the original that now serves as a museum of Hiroshima's history before World War II.
Hiroshima Castle | Introduction
In the 5th year of the Genwa Era (1619) the Tokogawa Shogunate assigned the Geishū Domain and the Yattsu District of the Bingo Domain to Asano Nagaakira, a total fief of 126,500 koku of rice. Ueda Sōko relocated to Hiroshima with Nagaakira as a special guest of the Asano Clan. Sōko was granted a stipend of 17,000 koku of rice by Nagaakira in the western Hiroshima Prefecture (originally 10,000 koku). He also received a residency on the grounds of Hiroshima Castle and there constructed a shoin reception hall and his tea hermitage called ‘Wafūdō’ (和風堂). This continued as the official residence of the Ueda Clan until the samurai class were stripped of their feudal residencies in the Meiji Restoration.
Ueda Sōko-ryū | Reconstruction of the Ueda Clan Residence of Hiroshima Castle
Asano Narikata (November 5, 1773 – January 4, 1831) was a Japanese "daimyō" of the Edo period, who ruled the Hiroshima Domain. His childhood name was Jinnosuke (時之丞) later Zenjirō (善次郎).
Asano Narikata | Introduction
The was a feudal domain in Iyo Province of Japan (present-day Ehime Prefecture) during the Edo period. It was ruled from 1608 to 1613 by the Tomita clan. After a brief period as Tokugawa-controlled "tenryō" territory, the domain passed into the hands of the Date clan. The founder was Date Hidemune (1591–1658), first-born son of Date Masamune (1567–1636). Date Hidemune could not inherit his father's position as head of the main Date clan because he was born by a concubine, so arrangements were made for Hidemune to hold this han, starting in 1615, at a far distance from the main Date clan holdings in northern Japan.
Uwajima Domain | Introduction
During the Edo period, Hizen Province was divided among several "daimyōs", but dominated by the Nabeshima clan, whose domain was centered at the castle town of Saga. At the end of the Tokugawa shogunate, Hizen was divided between the following "han": During this period, the port of Nagasaki remained a tenryō territory, administered for the Tokugawa government by the Nagasaki bugyō, and contained the Dutch East India Company trading post of Dejima. After the Meiji Restoration in 1868 came the Abolition of the han system in 1871, whereby all daimyo were obliged to surrender their domains to the new Meiji government, which then divided the nation into numerous prefectures, which were consolidated into 47 prefectures and 3 urban areas by 1888.
Hizen Province | List of han
Asada Tokunori (November 21, 1848 – March 30, 1933) was a Japanese politician from the Meiji period. He served as governor of Hiroshima Prefecture in 1897–1898 and 1898–1903, governor of Kanagawa Prefecture (1889–1891, 1898–1900), Nagano (1891–1896) and Niigata Prefecture (1896–1897).
Asada Tokunori | Introduction
However, on 23 June 1869, Hotta was returned to the former Miyagawa Domain as domain governor, retaining that position until the abolition of the han system in 1871. In September 1871, he relocated to Tokyo. In December 1878, Hotta was elected to a seat in the Tokyo Prefectural Assembly from Asasuka Ward (now part of Taitō, Tokyo), becoming Chairman of the Assembly in March 1879. In January 1880, he became head of Akasaka Ward (now part of Minato, Tokyo) and in June 1881, he became head of Shitaya Ward (now part of Taitō, Tokyo) followed by Fukawaga Ward (now part of Kōtō, Tokyo) in August of the same year.
Hotta Masayasu | Biography
Mōri Terumoto, one of Toyotomi Hideyoshi's council of Five Elders, built Hiroshima castle between 1589 and 1599. It was located on the delta of the Otagawa river. There was no Hiroshima city or town at the time, and the area was called Gokamura, meaning "five villages". Beginning in 1591, Mōri Terumoto moved from Yoshida-Kōriyama Castle and governed nine provinces from this castle, including much of what is now Shimane, Yamaguchi, Tottori, Okayama and Hiroshima Prefectures. When construction on the castle began, Gokamura was renamed Hiroshima, as a more impressive name was called for. "Hiro" was taken from Ōe no Hiromoto, an ancestor of the Mōri family, and "Shima" was taken from Fukushima Motonaga, who helped Mōri Terumoto choose the castle site.
Hiroshima Castle | History
However, the following year, the peasants rose in a large scale revolt protesting taxes, corrupt officials and inflation. The result was suppressed with great difficulty over the course of a year. In 1871, he relinquished his title and relocated to Tokyo with the abolition of the han system. In April 1872, Yukimoto departed Yokohama for Europe and the United States, returning in January 1873. In 1884 he was awarded the title of viscount ("shisaku") in the new "kazoku" peerage system and the Order of the Rising Sun, 3rd class. His title was elevated to count ("hakushaku") in 1891. He died in Tokyo in 1903 at the age of 54.
Sanada Yukimoto | Biography
In 1582, during the turmoil following Oda Nobunaga's death, Hattori Hanzō advised Tokugawa Ieyasu to escape to Mikawa through the Kōga and Iga regions. Ieyasu, when he became the shōgun, employed ninja to guard Edo Castle—the headquarters of the Tokugawa shogunate—and to supply intelligence. He settled 200 men from the "Iga-ryū" in the Yotsuya neighborhood of Edo (Tokyo). Hanzo's Gate in Edo Castle took its name from the nearby residence of the Hattori clan.
Iga-ryū | History
Precipitation occurs year-round, though winter is the driest season; rainfall peaks sharply in June and July. August is the warmest month of the year. On January 24, 2016, a snowfall of was recorded.
Nagasaki | Climate
In the medieval period, Hagi was dominated by the Yoshimi clan, who built Hagi Castle, the ruins of which can be visited today. The Mōri clan became "daimyōs" of Chōshū Domain at the beginning of the Edo period and built Hagi Castle at the foot of Mt. Shizuki in 1608. They transferred the capital of the domain from Hiroshima to Hagi at the same time. Hagi then developed as the political center of Chōshū for over 250 years. When the Meiji Restoration came about in the 1860s, as the result of efforts by samurai from Chōshū and a number of other domains, this small city gained great historical significance.
Hagi, Yamaguchi | History
During the Meiji period, an Imperial decree dated March 3, 1911 established that the legitimate reigning monarchs of this period were the direct descendants of Emperor Go-Daigo through Emperor Go-Murakami, whose had been established in exile in Yoshino, near Nara. Until the end of the Edo period, the militarily superior pretender-Emperors supported by the Ashikaga shogunate had been mistakenly incorporated in Imperial chronologies despite widespread recognition that the Imperial Regalia were not in their possession. This illegitimate had been established in Kyoto by Ashikaga Takauji.
Eitoku | Nanboku-chō overview
Following the Meiji Restoration, the feudal domain system was abolished and the prefecture system was established. In line with this, the Iwakidaira, Sōma, and Tanagura domains were combined into a new Iwaki Province which was later changed to Iwasaki Prefecture in 1875. The following year, on August 21, 1876, Iwasaki Prefecture merged with Fukushima Prefecture and Wakamatsu Prefecture to form present-day Fukushima Prefecture. Beginning during the Meiji period's rapid industrialization and continuing until the post-war rapid economic growth period, the southern section of Hamadōri and the northern part of Ibaraki Prefecture were developed by mining mogul Fusanosuke Kuhara, with operations based in Hitachi, Ibaraki.
Hamadōri | Meiji Restoration to the present