The Fifth Republic Movement (Spanish: "Movimiento V [Quinta] República", MVR) was a democratic socialist political party in Venezuela. It was founded in July 1997, following a national congress of the Revolutionary Bolivarian Movement-200, to support the candidacy of Hugo Chávez, the former President of Venezuela, in the 1998 presidential election. The "Fifth Republic" refers to the fact that in 1997 the Republic of Venezuela was the fourth in Venezuelan history, and the Movement aimed to re-found the Republic through a constituent assembly. Following Chávez' 1998 election victory, this took place in 1999, leading to the 1999 Constitution of Venezuela. At the legislative elections on 30 July 2000, the party won 91 out of 165 seats in the National Assembly.
Introduction
Fifth Republic Movement
Fifth Republic Movement | Introduction
It was a democratic socialist political party in Venezuela. It was a democratic socialist political party in Venezuela. The Movement aimed to re-found the Republic through a constituent assembly. The Movement aimed to re-found the Republic through a constituent assembly.
what is the symbol of flag of ecuador?
user
It consists of horizontal bands of yellow (double width), blue and red.
assistant
who designed it?
user
Sorry. I cannot find the answer based on the context.
assistant
does it resemble any other flag?
user
Yes, Colombia and Venezuela
assistant
which pledge is related to it?
user
Juramento a la Bandera
assistant
does the above latter country face any kind of shortage?
user
Yes, products like milk, various meats, basic necessities etc.
assistant
is any rights suspended over there?
user
Yes, constitutional rights.
assistant
why?
user
The approval of the extension of States of emergency corresponds to the National Assembly.
assistant
which government is in power here during 1999 and onwards?
user
The Bolivarian government
assistant
can you name any person from this government form?
user
Hugo Chávez
assistant
how is he connected to it?
user
He was a Venezuelan president and founded the Fifth Republic Movement.
assistant
when was the foundation found?
user
July 1997
assistant
what was the movement about?
user
A national congress on 19 April 1997 took from 9 am until 2 am the next day to reach a conclusion, ultimately deciding to launch Chávez' candidacy for the 1998 presidential election. Some members of the movement resigned in protest, holding too much at stake. In July 1997 Chávez registered the new "Fifth Republic Movement" with the National Electoral Council (the name had to be changed as Venezuelan law did not permit parties to use Simon Bolivar's name). The international media took little interest, citing opinion polls showing 8% support for Chávez.
Fifth Republic Movement | Foundation
The Fifth Republic Movement (Spanish: "Movimiento V [Quinta] República", MVR) was a democratic socialist political party in Venezuela. It was founded in July 1997, following a national congress of the Revolutionary Bolivarian Movement-200, to support the candidacy of Hugo Chávez, the former President of Venezuela, in the 1998 presidential election. The "Fifth Republic" refers to the fact that in 1997 the Republic of Venezuela was the fourth in Venezuelan history, and the Movement aimed to re-found the Republic through a constituent assembly. Following Chávez' 1998 election victory, this took place in 1999, leading to the 1999 Constitution of Venezuela. At the legislative elections on 30 July 2000, the party won 91 out of 165 seats in the National Assembly.
Fifth Republic Movement | Introduction
The party was committed to the Bolivarian Revolution and claimed to be the political voice of the country's poor.
Fifth Republic Movement | Aims
To find out whether this was the case, Chávez set up teams of psychologists, sociologists, university professors and students to carry out a survey. With their support, grassroots members of the Bolivarian movement polled tens of thousands of people across the country. The results showed that 70% of respondents supported Chávez running for the presidency – and 57% said they would vote for him. Support for the electoral route was strengthened when Arias Cárdenas, as a candidate for Radical Cause, won the Governorship of Zulia State in the December 1995 regional elections. Despite this, the MBR-200 remained divided over electoral participation, and spent a year debating the issue in local, regional and national assemblies.
Fifth Republic Movement | Foundation
On the same day Hugo Chávez was elected president in the presidential elections with 59.5% of votes. In the parliamentary elections of 4 December 2005, the party won 114 out of 167 seats with allied parties winning the remaining seats. Opposition parties had unexpectedly withdrawn several days before election day, and turnout was just 25%. In December 2006 and January 2007 the party started its dissolution, to form the proposed United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV). It merged into PSUV on 20 October 2007.
Fifth Republic Movement | Introduction
The MVR was founded in July 1997 to support the electoral aims of the Revolutionary Bolivarian Movement-200. For a number of years after his 1994 release from prison, Chávez maintained a position against participation in elections, believing them a fixed game which merely legitimated the established order. This led to a split with his colleague Francisco Arias Cárdenas, who left the MBR-200. In the early years after his release, Chávez considered the possibility of another coup attempt, but with the prospects appearing slim, some advisers, notably Luis Miquilena, urged him to reconsider his scepticism of the elections, arguing that Chávez could potentially win so convincingly that the establishment would not be able to deny him victory.
Fifth Republic Movement | Foundation
This unique "Bolivarian" government is the "Fifth Republic" referred to in the party's title. The use of the phrase also echoes the French Fifth Republic, which was another sweeping political change to deal with political instability during decolonisation.
Fifth Republic Movement | The use of Venezuelan history
The ARM, then known as the Australian Republican Movement, was founded on 7 July 1991. Its first chairman was novelist Thomas Keneally, with other founding members including lawyer Malcolm Turnbull, later Prime Minister, former Australian cricket captain Ian Chappell, and film director Fred Schepisi. It is currently headed by journalist and author Peter FitzSimons.
Australian Republic Movement | Foundation
On 18 December 2006, Hugo Chávez announced plans to dissolve the party, hoping that the 23 other parties that supported his government would follow suit and collectively form the proposed United Socialist Party of Venezuela. Elections the MVR participated in:
Fifth Republic Movement | Dissolution
The movement bases its principles on direct democracy as an evolution of representative democracy. The idea is that citizens will no longer delegate their power to parties (considered old and corrupted intermediates between the state and themselves) that serve the interests of lobby groups and financial powers. They will succeed only by creating a collective intelligence made possible by the Internet. In order to go in this direction, the M5S chose its Italian and European parliamentary candidates through online voting by registered members of Beppe Grillo's blog. Through an application called Rousseau reachable on the web, the registered users of M5S discuss, approve or reject legislative proposals (submitted then in the Parliament by the M5S group).
Five Star Movement | Direct democracy
For example, the M5S electoral law was shaped through a series of online votes, like the name of the M5S candidate for President of the Republic. The choice to support the abolition of a law against immigrants was taken online by members of the M5S even if the final decision was against the opinions of Grillo and Casaleggio. The partnership with the UK Independence Party was also decided by online voting, although the given options for the choice of European Parliament group for M5S were limited to Europe of Freedom and Democracy (EFD), European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR) and "Stay independent" (Non-Inscrits).
Five Star Movement | Direct democracy
Other minor groups that are or have been active in the Fifth Republic include:
History of far-right movements in France | Other minor groups
The Movement for a Fifth Republic (MVR), formerly Venezuela’s governing party, was the first political party in Venezuela to incorporate primary elections as the primary method for selecting its candidates. Led by President Hugo Chávez, but involving organizations and movements that are broader than the MVR, the question of how to select MVR candidates had been controversial. Until the implementation of this primary mechanism, candidates tended to be hand-picked by the leadership of the parties. The result had been that a number of those elected on MVR platforms were distrusted by the masses, and in some cases proved to be disloyal.
Fifth Republic Movement | Primary elections
Then, when the republic was no longer questioned, the conservative republican groups, who had sat at the center-left of the assemblies, moved to the right-wing seats, but they continued to consider themselves as left-wingers: this is known as "sinistrisme".
Rally of Republican Lefts | Foundation
The Fifth Republic was dissolved three days after the election upon the adoption of a new constitution that laid the foundations for the relatively stable democratic system of the current Sixth Republic of Korea.
Fifth Republic of Korea | Introduction
At the 1986 legislative elections, the FN managed to obtain 35 seats, with 10% of the votes. Meanwhile, other far-right tendencies gathered in Alain de Benoist's "Nouvelle Droite" think-tank, heading a pro-European line. Some radical members of the "national revolutionary" tendency quit the FN to form other minor parties (Party of New Forces, PFN, and French and European Nationalist Party, PNFE).
History of far-right movements in France | Fifth Republic
The Revolutionary Bolivarian Movement-200 (Movimiento Bolivariano Revolucionario 200 or MBR-200) was the political and social movement that the later Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez founded in 1982. It eventually planned and executed the February 4, 1992 attempted coup. The movement later evolved into the Movement for the Fifth Republic (MVR), set up in July 1997 to support Hugo Chávez's candidacy in the 1998 Venezuelan presidential election. The move to electoral politics took several years of intense internal debate, as many felt that the elections might be fixed to prevent an MBR-200 candidate winning. It took a nationwide survey conducted by the movement to show that it might gain enough electoral support to make victory hard to deny.
Revolutionary Bolivarian Movement-200 | Introduction
The issue came to a head in the lead-up to the regional elections of October 2005. Despite opposition from within the grassroots movements, a candidate list was drawn up by the leadership of various MVR allied parties. The decision not to hold primaries was justified by the claim that there wasn't time. After the elections, Chavez stated that in the future, primaries would be held to empower the rank and file to select candidates.
Fifth Republic Movement | Primary elections
In 1967 he moved to Belgium and in 1968 returned to France after benefiting from an amnesty. In his political memoirs, Bidault stated that he was never involved in the OAS, and was not qualified to give any precise information about its deeds.
Georges Bidault | Fifth Republic
Wanting to achieve the complete integration of Catholicism in the Republic, the MRP supported the principle of parliamentary democracy against De Gaulle.
Popular Republican Movement | Foundation and height of the MRP
The Movement Party () was a political group during the July Monarchy. The party sat on the centre-left of the Chamber of Deputies between the small republican opposition and the centrist Third Party, but to the left from the conservative Resistance Party.
Movement Party (France) | Introduction
Venezuela historiography recognizes four "republics," or major regime changes since the country was founded in 1811. The First Republic, known as the "Venezuelan Confederation" lasted until 1812. The Second Republic is the restored republican regime that was instituted by Simón Bolívar after his Admirable Campaign in 1813, and which lasted until 1814. The Third Republic refers to the period after 1816 in which various patriot guerrilla bands joined under Bolívar's leadership in the Llanos of Venezuela and set up an independent government. This process culminated in the Congress of Angostura, but shortly thereafter the Congress declared Venezuela to be part of a larger Gran Colombia.
Fifth Republic Movement | The use of Venezuelan history
Most of these people and groups followed Monti in his political creature, Civic Choice, which was founded on 4 January 2013.
Toward the Third Republic | Introduction
In 2001 Chávez denounces the bureaucratization of the Fifth Republic Movement under Luis Miquilena and proposes the re-launching of the original MBR-200. This intention will lead to the consolidation of his movement under the United Socialist Party of Venezuela label in 2007.
Revolutionary Bolivarian Movement-200 | Continuation of the movement
The Fifth Republic of South Korea was the government of South Korea from March 1981 to December 1987. The Fifth Republic was established in March 1981 by Chun Doo-hwan, a military colleague of long-time president and dictator Park Chung-hee, after the political instability and military rule in the Fourth Republic since the assassination of Park in October 1979. The Fifth Republic was ruled by Chun and the Democratic Justice Party as a "de facto" dictatorship and one-party state to extensively reform South Korea for democratization and dismantle the autocratic system of Park. The Fifth Republic faced growing opposition from the democratization movement of the Gwangju Uprising, and the June Democracy Movement of 1987 resulted in the election of Roh Tae-woo in the December 1987 presidential election.
Fifth Republic of Korea | Introduction
These plans were approved by more than 80% of those who voted in the referendum of 28 September 1958. The new constitution was signed into law on 4 October 1958. Since each new constitution established a new republic, France moved from the Fourth to the Fifth Republic.
French Fifth Republic | Origins
L5I was founded as the Movement for a Revolutionary Communist International. Its first member groups were Workers' Power in Britain, the Irish Workers Group, Pouvoir Ouvrier in France, and Gruppe Arbeitermacht (GAM) in Germany. After a congress in 1989 the organisation adopted a common programme, the "Trotskyist Manifesto", and a democratic centralist constitution, under which each national section agreed to be bound by the decisions of the international organisation as a whole.
League for the Fifth International | History
The Fund for the Republic (1951–1959) was an autonomous organization by the Ford Foundation and dedicated to protecting freedom of speech and other civil liberties in the United States. In 1959, the Fund moved from New York City to Santa Barbara, California, and changed its name to the Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions (CSDI).
Fund for the Republic | Introduction
The movement was founded on 18 April 2018, amidst an informal protest in favour of state support for disabled people. The protest, which was the sixth such protest held that far, became the foundation of The System Kills Us as the demonstrators donned black shirts emblazoned with the movement's name.
The System Kills Us | Foundation
The Fifth Republic (), France's current republican system of government, was established by Charles de Gaulle under the Constitution of the Fifth Republic on 4 October 1958. The Fifth Republic emerged from the collapse of the Fourth Republic, replacing the former parliamentary republic with a semi-presidential (or dual-executive) system that split powers between a prime minister as head of government and a president as head of state. De Gaulle, who was the first French president elected under the Fifth Republic in December 1958, believed in a strong head of state, which he described as embodying ("the spirit of the nation").
French Fifth Republic | Introduction
The modern Italian Republic was declared to be founded on the struggle of the Resistance.
Italian resistance movement | Introduction
In the seventies the FA evolved into a joining of the principles of both synthesis anarchism and platformism. Today the FA is constituted of about one hundred groups around the country. It publishes the weekly "Le Monde" Libertaire and runs a radio station called Radio libertaire.
Anarchism in France | The Fifth Republic (1958) and May 1968
In the Fifth Republic, the group was reincarnated as the Popular Republicans group ("groupe des Républicains populaires"), presided over by Alain Poher, with the Democratic Centre formation ("formation du Centre démocratique") administratively attached to it, with Yvon Coudé du Foresto serving as its secretary. In January 1959, the MRP received a proposal from the Rally of Democratic Forces ("Rassemblement des forces démocratiques", abbreviated RFD) envisaging the "establishment in France of a very large rally inspired by an ideal of political, economic, and social democracy", with the RFD consisting of a number of members of Catholic youth movements, some part of the MRP, including Rémy Montagne, Michel Debatisse, Bernard Lambert, and Nestor Rombeaut.
Centrist Union group | History
Some members of the movement resigned in protest, holding too much at stake. In July 1997 Chávez registered the new Fifth Republic Movement with the National Electoral Council (the name had to be changed as Venezuelan law did not permit parties to use Simon Bolivar's name). The international media took little interest, citing opinion polls showing 8% support for Chávez.
Revolutionary Bolivarian Movement-200 | Chávez' participation in the 1998 election
Though the nationalizations were subsequently reversed by both subsequent left-wing and right-wing governments, the social reforms undertaken have remained standing.
Political history of France | The Fifth Republic (1981–1995)
The party was launched on 11 October 2015 as a breakaway from the National Movement for the Development of Society. It did not nominate a presidential candidate for the 2016 general elections, but received 7% of the vote in the National Assembly elections, winning thirteen seats and becoming the fourth-largest party.
Patriotic Movement for the Republic | History
The first was reformist and in favor of support to the nationalists who were trying, all over of Europe, to shake the grip of the various Empires in order to create nation-states. Its mouthpiece was . The second was conservative and supported peace with European monarchs, and had as mouthpiece .
July Monarchy | The "Resistance" and the "Movement"
The party has been characterized as an entrepreneurial party. During the 2010 Italian elections, some parties highlighted a contradiction between the voluntary collective action in the struggles of civil society and openness in political representation Also in 2010, there were tensions between the movement and Italy of Values party. In March 2012, a city councillor in Rimini, Valentino Tavolazzi, advocated a national meeting on behalf of the movement, which gathered about 150 participants. At the meeting, there was both praise and criticism from the participants including from the few politicians who were present. The meeting took a harsh stance on the "conditions of Regulation M5S" because it was discovered to be in conflict with the statutes of its Civic Party of origin Project for Ferrara.
Five Star Movement | Internal organization
After that, they dissolved and formed the Movement for the Communist Workers' Party.
Marco Ferrando | Introduction
The party first contested national elections in 1992, when it won six seats in the parliamentary elections. In the 1997 elections the party was reduced to a single seat, and lost its one seat in the 2002 elections. In the 2013 parliamentary elections the party regained parliamentary representation, winning one seat.
Movement for the Defence of the Republic | History
In the late seventies the movement had exhausted their initial spontaneous momentum. The Moro kidnapping prompted many members of leftist groups outside Parliament to follow the contents in the motto suggested in newspaper of Lotta Continua: ""Né con lo stato, né con le Brigate Rosse"" (Neither with the State, nor with the Red Brigades). Several young people joined in the armed struggle while others retreated into parliamentary parties. Others – disillusioned and in despair – turned to mysticism, Eastern philosophies and some withdrew into a community for alternative lifestyles. The rest of the movement, as had been intended by the late sixties, disappeared entirely, leaving a single organization, "Democrazia Proletaria" (Proletarian Democracy), which, after the parliamentary choice, sided to the left of PCI becoming a reference point for some young people involved in politics in the eighties.
Movement of 1977 | The end of movement
The movement of 1977 was a spontaneous political movement that arose in Italy in 1977. It originated mostly from groups of extra-parliamentary left; as for form and substance, it was completely new compared to previous student movements, such as the protests of 1968. In fact, it was characterized by the declared objection to the system of parties, unions, and even political movements.
Movement of 1977 | Introduction
The republican movement was again gaining a substantial following, at least in Rhenish cities such as Bonn or Koblenz.
Cisrhenian Republic | History
The movement began "more as a political study circle than as a subversive conspiracy," but soon its members "began thinking in terms of some kind of coup d'état." Chávez and his friends soon recruited more members, including Francisco Arias Cárdenas, in March 1985. As Hugo Chávez himself explained in a speech at the University of Havana in Cuba on December 14, 1994;
Revolutionary Bolivarian Movement-200 | Foundation
From 1997 to 2000, it was represented in the government by Chevènement as Interior Minister. In order to prepare the 2002 presidential election, Chevènement created the "Pôle républicain", which included a wide range of politicians: radicals, Gaullists, souverainists, socialists. He won over 5% and is sometimes blamed for Jospin's elimination. Its lack of success in the legislative election (losing all 7 MDC deputies elected in 1997) prompted Chevènement to rename his party the Citizen and Republican Movement. Chevènement was defeated in his seat in Territoire-de-Belfort.
Citizen and Republican Movement | Introduction
They met to practise promoting and experimenting with direct and participatory democracy and to share a document of intent, which included the establishment of proposals, repealing referenda, the direct election of the Ombudsman, the institution of participatory budgeting, and a "bound" mandate for public administrators and open primaries.
Five Star Movement | Meetups
Although some voices began to push for the closure of the Republican clubs, which fomented revolutionary agitation, the Minister of Justice, , and the Parisian public prosecutor, Bernard, both Republicans, refused to prosecute revolutionary associations (the French law prohibited meetings of more than 20 persons). However, on 25 September 1830, the Minister of Interior responded to a deputy's question on the subject by stigmatizing the "revolutionary state", which he conflated with chaos, to which he opposed the "Glorious Revolution" in England in 1688. Two political currents thereafter made their appearance, and would structure political life under the July Monarchy: the Movement Party and the Resistance Party.
July Monarchy | The "Resistance" and the "Movement"
Because the party received strong support from predominately Christian Romani villages, it has been accused of vote trading.
Movement for Rights and Freedoms | Introduction
This division has deeply divided Casamance's independence movement.
Movement of Democratic Forces of Casamance | Introduction
The Five Star Movement ( , M5S) is a political party in Italy. The M5S was founded on 4 October 2009 by Beppe Grillo, a comedian and blogger, and Gianroberto Casaleggio, a web strategist. In 2014 Grillo appointed a directorate composed of five leading MPs (Alessandro Di Battista, Luigi Di Maio, Roberto Fico, Carla Ruocco and Carlo Sibilia), which lasted until the following October when he dissolved it and proclaimed himself the "political head" of the M5S. Grillo is also formally president of the association named the Five Star Movement; his nephew, Enrico Grillo, serves as vice president; and his accountant, Enrico Maria Nadasi, as secretary.
Five Star Movement | Introduction
Drachmi Greek Democratic Movement Five Stars (abbreviated as: Drachma Five Star) is a Greek eurosceptic political party established on May 1, 2013 by Theodore Katsanevas, former member of PASOK and son-in-law of Andreas Papandreou, with a primary target for Greece to abandon the euro and to return to the drachma.
Drachmi Greek Democratic Movement Five Stars | Introduction
The Algerian War was not just a separatist movement but had elements of a civil war. Further complications came when a section of the French Army rebelled and openly backed the movement to defeat separation. Charles de Gaulle, who had retired from politics a decade before, placed himself in the midst of the crisis, calling on the nation to suspend the government and create a new constitutional system. De Gaulle was carried to power by the inability of the parliament to choose a government, popular protest, and the last parliament of the Fourth Republic voting for their dissolution and the convening of a constitutional convention.
French Fifth Republic | Origins
Before the 2002 presidential campaign, the supporters of President Jacques Chirac, divided in three centre-right parliamentary parties, founded an association named Union on the Move ("Union en mouvement"). After Chirac's re-election, in order to contest the legislative election jointly, the Union for the Presidential Majority ("Union pour la majorité présidentielle") was created. It was renamed "Union for a Popular Movement" and as such established as a permanent organisation. The UMP was the merger of the Gaullist-conservative Rally for the Republic (RPR), the conservative-liberal party Liberal Democracy (DL), a sizeable portion of the Union for French Democracy (UDF), more precisely the UDF's Christian Democrats (such as Philippe Douste-Blazy and Jacques Barrot), the Radical Party and the centrist Popular Party for French Democracy (both associate parties of the UDF until 2002).
Union for a Popular Movement | Foundation and early years
Habyarimana was the president of the party, and as such was the only candidate for president of the republic. However, in a minor concession to democracy, voters were presented with two MRND candidates at Legislative Assembly elections. After the RPF invasion in 1990, members of the MRND created the magazine "Kangura".
National Republican Movement for Democracy and Development | Structure
In the 24–27 July 2008 congress Paolo Ferrero was elected party secretary with the support of all the minority factions, notably including The Ernesto and some Trotskyist groups.
Refoundation in Movement | Introduction
A coalition between the M5S and the centre-right coalition as a whole was preferred by only 4%. 22% preferred a coalition between the M5S, the centre-left coalition led by the Democratic Party along with the hard-left Free and Equal. A technocratic government was only supported by 1% of the M5S's voters.
Five Star Movement | No alliances
The origin of the Chinese movement started in 1978, when the brief liberalization known as Beijing Spring occurred after the Cultural Revolution. The founding document of the movement is considered to be The Fifth Modernization manifesto by Wei Jingsheng, who was sentenced to fifteen years in prison for authoring the document. In it, Wei argued that political liberalization and the empowerment of the laboring masses was essential for modernization, that the Communist Party was controlled by reactionaries and that the people must struggle to overthrow the reactionaries via a long and possibly bloody fight. Throughout the 1980s, these ideas increased in popularity among college-educated Chinese.
Chinese democracy movement | History
Connected to New Republic was the university movement "Primula Goliardica", later absorbed by "Lotta di Popolo". The party's journals were "Folla "(since 1964) and " Nuova Repubblica" (since 1966). In 1968 Pacciardi and his followers, whose electoral results had been dismal, returned into PRI.
Democratic Union for the New Republic | History
In the 2018 general election held on 4 March 2018, none of the three main groupings (the M5S, the centre-right coalition and the Democratic Party-led centre-left) won a majority of seats in Parliament, although the M5S became the largest individual party, with 32.7% of the vote and 227 seats in the Chamber. In May, the M5S entered into coalition talks with centre-left Democratic Party, but Matteo Renzi publicly criticised and rejected the deal being discussed by his fellow party members; the Movement then turned to the Lega Nord. The talks resulted in the proposal for a so-called Government of Change under the leadership of Giuseppe Conte, a law professor close to the M5S.
Five Star Movement | 2018 general election
Gran Colombia lasted only a decade and at its dissolution Venezuela became once again the "Republic of Venezuela," which is considered the start of the Fourth Republic. In 1864 the country was then restructured into the "United States of Venezuela", before reverting once again to the name, "Republic of Venezuela" in 1953. Although both periods began with the implementation of new constitutions (the fourth and twenty-fourth constitutions, respectively), both have been deemed by Venezuelan historiography as a continuation of the Fourth Republic. Since Chávez's election to the Presidency in 1999, the country has been known as the "Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela", signaling Chávez' desires to usher in a new era of politics and government.
Fifth Republic Movement | The use of Venezuelan history
Several committees have been formally constituted to formulate proposals to overhaul governmental institutions:
Constitutional amendments under the French Fifth Republic | Study groups on the constitutional amendments
Though some already questioned the movement's raison d'être, the idea behind both was to encourage the electorate to "verify" the 5 October revolution by voting against the parties that were part of the government - the Socialist Party of Serbia (SPS) and the Serbian Radical Party (SRS) - at the upcoming constituent republic-level parliamentary election.
Otpor | Post-Milošević
The Constitutional Movement was a right wing political group in the United Kingdom. It was formed in 1979 by Andrew Fountaine as the National Front Constitutional Movement, a splinter group from the National Front. Offering a more moderate alternative to the NF, the Constitutional Movement claimed to have 2000 members by 1980.
Constitutional Movement | Introduction
In April 2005, the movement became a founding member of Common Cause, an alliance of Commonwealth republican movements. The group is not affiliated with any political party, and draws its membership from across the political spectrum.
New Zealand Republic | Affiliations
However, the CNIP cabinet ministers, led by future president Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, continued to support de Gaulle. With the support of 24 deputies, they founded their own party, the Independent Republicans (RI). Severely weakened by the split and its opposition to the October 1962 referendum, it suffered a major defeat in the 1962, left with only a handful of seats. It allied itself with the Popular Republican Movement (MRP) to form the Democratic Centre, later known as Progress and Modern Democracy, in which the CNIP was only a small component. The party has never regained its former strength and became a marginal conservative group.
National Centre of Independents and Peasants | Fifth Republic
In November 1938, two months after the founding congress of the Fourth International, seven members of the Spanish Workers' Party of Marxist Unification on trial in Barcelona declared their support for a "fighting Fifth International". The Argentine Trotskyist called for a Fifth International when he broke from Trotskyism in 1941. Another call for a Fifth International was made by Lyndon LaRouche after leaving the Spartacist League in 1965. Later, a "Fifth International of Communists" was founded in 1994 by several small former Trotskyist groups around the Movement for a Socialist Future.
Fifth International | Calls for a Fifth International
It was summarily demolished despite protests from teachers and local activist.
History of Manila | Fifth Republic (1986–present)
The movement arose in conjunction with the crisis of the extra-parliamentary organizations that led to social struggles in the years after the 1968, together with the so-called "mass university": after the 1969 school reform, also young people from proletarian families could attend a university, which, until then, had been a privilege held almost exclusively by students from more affluent classes. After a decade of disputes in schools and in society, the rigor of the old revolutionary groups appeared inadequate and outdated. Indeed, the protests were also addressed at the political practice of those organizations from which the participants in the movement of '77 originated.
Movement of 1977 | Historical and social context
In 1976, the group changed its name to the Movement for a Socialist Republic. Between 1977 and 1978 the MSR began fusion talks with People's Democracy. In November 1978 the two groups fused, adopting the name People's Democracy. In 1981 People's Democracy was recognised as the Irish Section of the Fourth International. Dublin; Revolutionary Marxist Group. Revolutionary Marxist Group. Dublin; Revolutionary Marxist Group. Dublin; Plough Book Service for Revolutionary Marxist Group. Dublin, Plough Books (Movement for a Socialist Republic), [1976]. Jan Kavan. Dublin : Movement for a Socialist Republic [1975?].
Revolutionary Marxist Group (Ireland) | Change
The formation of the cabinet initially failed on 27 May as President Sergio Mattarella did not agree on the appointment of Paolo Savona as Minister of Economy and Finances due to his perceived Euroscepticism.
Five Star Movement | 2018 general election
Parliamentary groups had until 26 June to elect their presidents, and on 27 June political groups were officially registered within the National Assembly through the rendering of a political declaration signed by each of its members. With 7 parliamentary groups, this National Assembly would be the most fragmented since 1958. The Democratic Movement (MoDem) sought to form its own group in the National Assembly independent of that of La République En Marche!, with more than the 15 seats required to form a parliamentary group. The French Communist Party and la France Insoumise, which failed to secure an alliance during the preceding legislative elections, also chose to form independent groups in the National Assembly, with André Chassaigne of the PCF announcing the continuation of the previous group on 21 June, including 11 of its own deputies and 4 from overseas France, but without opposition to the FI group.
15th legislature of the French Fifth Republic | Parliamentary groups
The "Five Goods Movement" (五好活动 "wuhao huodong") was a political campaign carried out in the People's Republic of China (PRC) from 1956-1959 that reflected the PRC State's vision of where housewives and "family dependents" (家属 "jiashu") belonged within China's emerging socialist order. The movement began in earnest in early 1956, when the All-China Women's Federation in tandem with local branches of the Women's Federation began promoting "Five Goods" for urban housewives to aspire to. These "five goods" intended to promote socialist development primarily through the education of children and support of male workers. The five tenets of the campaign were to encourage housewives to: promote mutual assistance between neighborhood households, arrange domestic life well, educate children well, encourage and support the production, work, and study of (male) spouses, and to study well themselves.
Five Goods Movement | Introduction
The July Monarchy was thus divided into the supporters of the "Citizen King", of the constitutional monarchy and of census suffrage, the right-wing opposition to the regime (the Legitimists) and the left-wing opposition (the Republicans and Socialists). The loyalists were divided into two parties, the conservative, center-right, "Parti de la résistance" (Party of the Resistance), and the reformist center-left "Parti du mouvement" (Party of the Movement). Republicans and Socialists, who requested social and political reforms, including universal suffrage and the "right to work" ("droit du travail"), were then at the far-left of the political board. The "Parti du mouvement" supported the "nationalities" in Europe, which were trying, all over of Europe, to shake the grip of the various Empires in order to create nation states.
French Left | July Monarchy
A vote of no confidence passed only once under the Fifth Republic, during the 4 October 1962 meeting (in reality on the morning of 5 October). The motion was filed on October 2, after General de Gaulle on 30 September announced a referendum (in accordance with Article 11 of the Constitution) to organize the election of the President of the Republic by direct suffrage. The circumstances of that vote were quite specific. It occurred at the end of the Algerian crisis, which affected the first years of the Fifth Republic, a kind of transitional phase in its history. The vote took place during the first legislature of the Fifth Republic, and put an end to it.
Article 49 of the French Constitution | Censure of 5 October 1962
On 25 October, a mass of protesters gathered in front of the Parliament Building. ÁVH units began shooting into the crowd from the rooftops of neighboring buildings.
Hungarian People's Republic | Revolution of 1956
President Chirac named Jospin prime minister on 2 June, and Jospin went on to form a Plural Left government composed primarily of Socialist ministers, along with some ministers from allied parties of the left, such as the Communist Party and the Greens.
Political history of France | The Fifth Republic (1995–present)
It was founded in 1945 by the non-Communist majority of the resistance network, Movement of National Liberation. The project was to create a French labour party with all the former non-Communist Resistance. However, this plan failed because of the rebirth of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) and the emergence of the new Christian-Democratic party Popular Republican Movement (MRP) and then of the Gaullist party, Rally of the French People (RPF). Henceforth, the UDSR associated itself with the Radical Party, who had been in government during most of the Third Republic, in the Rally of the Republican Lefts ("Rassemblement des gauches républicaines" or RGR), which presented itself as an alternative to the "tripartisme" alliance between the SFIO, the MRP and the French Communist Party (PCF).
Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance | Foundation
The establishment of MoDem led to the formal dismantling of the UDF alliance on 30 November.
François Bayrou | Foundation of the Democratic Movement: 2007–2012
In 1946, the Count of Paris (who succeeded his father in 1940) moved to Portugal due to the ban against former royals still present in France. Due to the unstable situation of the Fourth Republic, characterized like its predecessor by short governments and a high presence of parties, the Count of Paris made a serious attempt to restore the monarchy. He endorsed the Christian Democratic Popular Republican Movement (MPR), and formed a kind of political committee composed by academics Bertrand de Jouvenel, Gustave Thibon and Michel de Saint Pierre, publishing on 5 February 1948 the manifesto "Esquisse d'une constitution monarchique et démocratique", promoting the idea of a constitutional monarchy.
Orléanist | Hope during the Fourth Republic
Movement No. 5, Provincetown Houses is a 1916 painting by Marsden Hartley. It is in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Movement No. 5, Provincetown Houses | Introduction
The two factions subsequently won a combined majority in the March 2008 parliamentary election.
Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai | Foundation
The People's Freedom Movement was a political party in Jamaica. It first contested national elections in 1955, but received only 647 votes and failed to win a seat. It did not contest any further elections. The party made a submission to the Joint Select Committee considering Jamaica's independence constitution, arguing for the inclusion of a provision that would allow for a referendum on becoming a republic. The submission was not accepted.
People's Freedom Movement | Introduction
The Republican Movement (; ) was a political party in Switzerland between 1971 and 1989.
Republican Movement (Switzerland) | Introduction
After the Second World War, the successors of the group merged with the more centrist Popular Democratic Party to form the Fourth Republic's major centre-right party, the Christian-democratic Popular Republican Movement.
Republicans of the Centre | 1936 to 1940: the Independents of Popular Action group
These changes were introduced and the Fifth Republic was born. On 14 January 1960, Massu gave an interview with the "Süddeutsche Zeitung" newspaper in which he declared: The Army has the power. It did not show it yet, because the opportunity did not arise. But the Army will use its power in one precise occasion (...) it encourages settlers to constitute paramilitary organisations and provides them weapons. Massu was immediately summoned to Paris where he was relieved of command and posted to Metz. He was replaced in Algeria by General Jean Crépin.
Jacques Massu | 1958 coup d'état
The fifth government of Francisco Franco was formed on 25 February 1957. It succeeded the fourth Franco government and was the Government of Spain from 25 February 1957 to 11 July 1962, a total of days, or . Franco's fifth cabinet was made up of members from the different factions or "families" within the National Movement: mainly the FET y de las JONS party—the only legal political party during the Francoist regime—the military, the National Catholic Association of Propagandists (ACNP) and a number of aligned-nonpartisan figures from the civil service; however for the first time, the cabinet would see the incorporation of several technocratic ministers from the Opus Dei.
Fifth government of Francisco Franco | Introduction
In December 2018 and January 2019, Emmanuel Macron, President of the French Fifth Republic, asked for a compilation of "Cahiers de doléances" from across the country, which was completed in mid-January. Macron responded to the large number of petitions by calling for self-organized town halls, which took place over the period of January to March.
Cahiers de doléances | Usage during 2018 yellow vests movement
In 2016 the Evita Movement separated from the parliamentary bloc of the Front for Victory, forming one of its own called Peronism for Victory.
Evita Movement | Introduction
While the plot was not carried out, its instigator, Antonio Martinengo, managed to bribe Tiesenhausen and secure an amnesty, whereas his co-conspirator Tsintos was shot. Due to the restiveness of the rural population, on 18 January 1800, the first repressive measures against the lower classes were announced.
Septinsular Republic | Political turmoil and secessionist movements, 1800–1801
The Citizen and Republican Movement ("Mouvement républicain et citoyen") is a political party in France. The party replaced, in 2002, the Citizens' Movement ("Mouvement des citoyens", MDC) founded by Jean-Pierre Chevènement, who left the Socialist Party (PS) in 1993 due to his opposition to the Persian Gulf War and to the Maastricht Treaty. It is a Eurosceptic party with leftist aspirations. Chevènement led the list "l'autre politique" (the Other Policy) for 1994 European Parliament election. It included members of left-wing opposition (socialist and communist candidates) to Maastricht Treaty, feminists, radicals and Gaullists. The MDC supported the Socialist candidate Lionel Jospin for the 1995 presidential election, then integrated the "Gauche plurielle" coalition.
Citizen and Republican Movement | Introduction
The leader of the Five Star Movement is the political leader and guide of the FSM, a political party in Italy, founded in October 2009 by Beppe Grillo and Gianroberto Casaleggio.
List of leaders of the Five Star Movement | Introduction
Following government repression against the group, a new group named the February 25th Movement was formed.
February 25th Movement | History
The Bonapartists did not have consistent views on democracy. Their program was deliberately vague, leaving it to the people to choose the form of the regime. The leaders assumed that a plebiscite, as in 1852, would produce a landslide in favour of return to an imperial system, but promised to respect the results of the plebiscite whatever they might be. Eugène Rouher, the emperor's former chief minister, joined the group in February 1872.
Appel au peuple | Foundation
Jean-Marie Le Pen founded the Front National (FN) party in 1972, along with former Occident member Jacques Bompard, former Collaborationist Roland Gaucher, François Duprat, who introduced the negationist thesis to France, and others nostalgics of Vichy France, Catholic fundamentalists, etc. Le Pen presented himself for the first time in the 1974 presidential election, obtaining 0.74%. The electoral rise of the FN did not start until Jean-Pierre Stirbois's victory, in 1983, in Dreux. The FN became stronger throughout the 1980s, managing to unite most far-right tendencies, passing electoral alliances with the right-wing Rally for the Republic (RPR), while some FN members quit the party to join the RPR or the Union for a French Democracy (UDF).
History of far-right movements in France | Fifth Republic
The MIRA party was created on 2 March 2000 by Carlos Alberto Baena and Alexandra Moreno Piraquive, being elected as party Chairman and Vice chairwoman, respectively. On 20 June of the same year, they requested legal recognition of the party by the National Electoral Council of Colombia, which they obtained on 26 July under the name "Independent Movement of Absolute Renovation".
Independent Movement of Absolute Renovation | Foundation
On 14 March 1831, on the initiative of a patriotic society created by the mayor of Metz, , the opposition's press launched a campaign to gather funds to create a national association aimed at struggling against any Bourbon Restoration and the risks of foreign invasion. All the major figures of the Republican Left (, , , , etc.) supported it. Local committees were created all over France, leading the new president of the Council, , to issue a circular prohibiting civil servants from membership of this association, which he accused of challenging the state itself by implicitly accusing it of not fulfilling its proper duties.
July Monarchy | Civil unrest (Canut Revolt) and repression
In 2009 the movement lost its representation in the European Parliament and disbanded on 5 September 2009.
June Movement | Introduction
Its voter base gradually dwindled in the 1950s and it had little power by 1954.
Popular Republican Movement | Introduction
Many radical, political, and social leaders of the next five decades emerged at this time. In a broader sense, the term "May Fourth Movement" is often used to refer to the period during 1915–1921 more often called the "New Culture Movement".
May Fourth Movement | Introduction
The Fifth Republic of Venezuela (), commonly known as the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (), is the period in contemporary Venezuelan history from 1999 with the election of Hugo Chávez to the presidency and the installation of his Bolivarian Revolution, to the present day. Venezuela has been considered the Bolivarian Republic following the adoption of the new Constitution of 1999, when the state was renamed in honor of Simón Bolívar. Since Chávez's election into office, Venezuela developed into a dominant-party system, dominated by the United Socialist Party of Venezuela and where numerous other parties exist. The 2017 Venezuelan Constituent Assembly election raised concerns of an emerging dictatorship.
Fifth Republic of Venezuela | Introduction