It was she who called for a Great Council in May 1455 that excluded the Yorkist faction headed by Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York, and this provided the spark that ignited a civil conflict that lasted for more than 30 years, decimated the old nobility of England, and caused the deaths of thousands of men, including her only son Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales, at the Battle of Tewkesbury in 1471.
Introduction
Margaret of Anjou
Margaret of Anjou | Introduction
King Henry VI. King Henry VI King Henry VI. King Henry VI
when did the arthurian legends reach their height of popularity
user
With the outbreak of the Second World War.
assistant
who was he?
user
He was a legendary British leader who, according to medieval histories and romances, led the defence of Britain against Saxon invaders in the late 5th and early 6th centuries.
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who was he married to?
user
Sorry. I cannot find the answer based on the context.
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any novel in which his romance tradition is continuing in 20th century?
user
"The Once and Future King", "Arthur Rex", and "The Mists of Avalon".
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who was the author of the first one mentioned above?
user
T.H.White.
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when was it first published?
user
1958.
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has a film ever been made on this?
user
Yes, "Camelot".
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any other novel written by the above author?
user
"The Sword in the Stone".
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where was he born?
user
In Bombay, British India.
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what college did he study from?
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Queens' College, Cambridge.
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when was this college founded?
user
1448.
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and by whom?
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By Margaret of Anjou.
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who was she?
user
The Queen of England and nominally the Queen of France by marriage.
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with whom she was married to?
user
In 1290, Margaret married Charles of Valois, the younger brother of king Philip IV of France. He became Count of Anjou in her right.
Counts and dukes of Anjou | <a href="Capetian%20House%20of%20Anjou">House of Anjou</a>
Margaret married firstly Louis, Duke of Anjou, the titular King of Naples. He was a son of Louis II of Anjou and Yolande of Aragon. Their first marriage contract is dated on 31 Mar 1431. She became known as the Duchess of Anjou. They had no children, and he died in 1434.
Margaret of Savoy, Duchess of Anjou | First
Margaret was a daughter of Charles II of Naples and his queen Mary of Hungary, the daughter of Stephen V of Hungary. Her father ceded to her husband, Charles of Valois, the Counties of Anjou and Maine as her dowry. She married Charles of Valois, a son of Philip III of France, at Corbeil on 16 August 1290. Their children included: Countess Margaret was succeeded by her eldest son.
Margaret, Countess of Anjou | Biography
Margaret, Countess of Anjou (1272 – 31 December 1299) was Countess of Anjou and Maine in her own right and Countess of Valois, Alençon, Chartres and Perche by marriage. Margaret's father was King Charles II of Naples, whilst her husband was Charles of Valois, and her older brother was Saint Louis of Toulouse; her nephew was Charles I of Hungary.
Margaret, Countess of Anjou | Introduction
Loans were taken out by the government in order to pay for the considerable expense of transporting Margaret to England. Solicitation for loans emphasised the role that the marriage, and Margaret herself, would play in seeking peace with France. This was a theme continued throughout the preparations for her wedding. She arrived in England on 9 April 1445, and travelled to London accompanied by various lords and courtiers. She reached London on 28 May, where she was met by the mayor and aldermen of the city. The predicted turnout for her arrival and procession was so large that on 8 May an inspection of roofs and balconies was ordered due to the expectation that spectators would use them as vantage points for her progress.
Margaret of Anjou | Marriage, Concession of Maine, and Subsequent Rule
Margaret of Anjou (; 23 March 1430 – 25 August 1482) was the Queen of England and nominally Queen of France by marriage to King Henry VI from 1445 to 1461 and again from 1470 to 1471. Born in the Duchy of Lorraine into the House of Valois-Anjou, Margaret was the second eldest daughter of René, King of Naples, and Isabella, Duchess of Lorraine. She was one of the principal figures in the series of dynastic civil wars known as the Wars of the Roses and at times personally led the Lancastrian faction. Some of her contemporaries such as the Duke of Suffolk praised "Her valiant courage and undaunted spirit" and Edward Hall describes her personality: "This woman excelled all other, as well in beauty and favour, as in wit and policy, and was of stomach and courage, more like to a man, than a woman." Owing to her husband's frequent bouts of insanity, Margaret ruled the kingdom in his place.
Margaret of Anjou | Introduction
In 1445, Margaret next married Louis IV, Count Palatine of the Rhine. He was a son of Louis III, Elector Palatine and his second wife Matilda of Savoy. Margaret became Countess of the Palatinate through this alliance. Their marriage lasted only four years, as Louis died on 13 August 1449. They had one son:
Margaret of Savoy, Duchess of Anjou | Second
Matilda of Anjou, also known as Mahaut ( – 1154) was married in 1119 to William Adelin, son and heir apparent of Henry I of England.
Matilda of Anjou | Introduction
Marie of Anjou (14 October 1404 – 29 November 1463) was Queen of France as the spouse of King Charles VII from 1422 to 1461. She served as regent and presided over the council of state several times during the absence of the king.
Marie of Anjou | Introduction
Warwick's daughter, Anne Neville, was married to Margaret's son Edward, Prince of Wales, in order to cement the alliance, and Margaret insisted that Warwick return to England to prove himself before she followed. He did so, restoring Henry VI briefly to the throne on 3 October 1470.
Margaret of Anjou | Sojourn in France
Margaret met with English envoys at Tours on 4 May 1444, to discuss the marriage. On 24 May, she was formally betrothed to Henry by proxy. Her uncle, Charles VII of France, who may have suggested the marriage as part of the peace effort, was present. The marriage was negotiated principally by William de la Pole, Duke of Suffolk, and the settlement included a remarkably small dowry, consisting of 20,000 francs and the unrealised claim, via Margaret's mother, to the occupied territories of Majorca and Minorca. It also contained the promise of a twenty-three-month truce with France. Opinions were mixed as to the wisdom of the marriage, but the prevailing understanding was that it represented a genuine effort at peace.
Margaret of Anjou | Marriage, Concession of Maine, and Subsequent Rule
Margaret of France (c. 1279 – 14 February 1318) was Queen of England as the second wife of King Edward I. She was a daughter of Philip III of France and Maria of Brabant.
Margaret of France, Queen of England | Introduction
Thirdly, she married in Stuttgart 11 November 1453 Ulrich V, Count of Württemberg. They were both the other's third spouses. She added the title Countess of Württemberg to her many titles through this alliance. From this marriage they had the following children: Margaret died on 30 September 1479.
Margaret of Savoy, Duchess of Anjou | Third
The King of Navarre had to remain outside the cathedral during the mass, where his place was taken by Margaret's brother, the Duke of Anjou.
Margaret of Valois | Vermillion wedding
She married first in September 1294 with Isnard of Sabran and had one daughter, Isabella of Sabran, who married the Ferdinand of Majorca, son of James II of Majorca. Isnard died in 1297. Her second marriage was to Richard I Orsini, Count palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos, in 1299. The couple had an unnamed daughter who died as an infant.
Margaret of Villehardouin | Family
On 29 October or 1 November 1295 at Vilabertran, Blanche and James were married.
Blanche of Anjou | Life
Margaret of Valois (1295–1342) was a French noblewoman. She was a daughter of Charles, Count of Valois, and his first wife, Margaret, Countess of Anjou. She was also a sister of King Philip VI of France. In 1310, she married Guy I, Count of Blois. They had three children together:
Margaret of Valois, Countess of Blois | Introduction
She married Geoffrey I of Anjou (c. 938/940 – July 21, 987). Their children were:
Adele of Meaux | Family
Margaret of France (, ; 1158 – 18 September 1197) was queen of England by marriage to Henry the Young King, and queen of Hungary and Croatia by marriage to Béla III of Hungary.
Margaret of France, Queen of England and Hungary | Introduction
The coronet he and she would have worn was chronicled in about 1218 as "the traditional ring-of-roses coronet of the house of Anjou". Margaret may have taken her coronet to Hungary in 1186 when she married King Bela III. A ring-of-roses coronet was discovered in a convent grave in Budapest in 1838, which may be the same one.
Margaret of France, Queen of England and Hungary | Queen of England
He married Adele of Meaux (934–982), daughter of Robert of Vermandois and Adelais de Vergy. Their children were: He married, secondly, to Adelaise de Châlons and had:
Geoffrey I, Count of Anjou | Family
He married Julienne de Langeais before 1060. She died after 7 August 1067. They had no issue. Geoffrey and Fulk's sister, Hildegarde married Joscelin I, Lord of Courtenay and had issue.
Geoffrey III, Count of Anjou | Family
On 9 July 1360, he married Marie of Blois, Lady of Guise, daughter of Charles, Duke of Brittany and Joanna of Dreux. They had the following children:
Louis I of Anjou | Marriage and children
Joan was the daughter of Duke Robert II of Burgundy, and Agnes of France. Her older sister, Margaret, was the first wife of King Louis X of France. Joan married Philip of Valois, Louis's cousin, in July 1313. From 1314 to 1328, they were count and countess of Maine; from 1325, they were also Count and Countess of Valois and Anjou.
Joan the Lame | Early life
Among the few guests was the French queen consort Catherine de' Medici who sat by herself, weeping. King Henry died the following day.
Margaret of Valois, Duchess of Berry | Marriage
With her beauty and wit, she exercises a great influence over the Queen-Mother and the King, and Messieurs her younger brothers." Jeanne d'Albret died in June 1572, two months after the engagement, and was succeeded on the throne by Henry, so that Margaret became queen of Navarre upon the day of her wedding. Margaret and Henry, both 19 years of age, were married on 18 August 1572 at Notre Dame cathedral in Paris. The marriage between a Roman Catholic and a Huguenot was controversial. Pope Gregory XIII refused to grant a dispensation for the wedding, and the different faiths of the bridal couple made for an unusual wedding service.
Margaret of Valois | Vermillion wedding
Margaret was married to Louis d'Évreux at the Hotel d'Evreux, in Paris, son of Philip III of France by his second wife Maria of Brabant. The couple had five children, all of whom lived into adulthood and each had their own children, they were: Margaret died in Paris and was buried in the now-demolished church of the Couvent des Jacobins with her husband and her five children. Margaret died aged twenty five or twenty six.
Margaret of Artois | Marriage
Margaret lived in France for seven years as a poor relation of the king. She was hosted by Francis de Vignolles and died in his castle of Dampierre-sur-Loire, near Anjou on 25 August 1482 at the age of 52. She was entombed next to her parents in Angers Cathedral, but her remains were removed and scattered by revolutionaries who ransacked the cathedral during the French Revolution.
Margaret of Anjou | Death
Margaret of Provence (; 1221 – 20 December 1295) was Queen of France by marriage to King Louis IX.
Margaret of Provence | Introduction
Fulk married Roscille de Loches, daughter of Warnerius (Widone), Seigneur de Loches, de Villentrois, & de la Haye, and his wife Tecandra. He and Roscille had:
Fulk I, Count of Anjou | Family
On 13 July 1505, she married her first cousin John Stewart, Duke of Albany, the intermittent heir presumptive to the Kingdom of Scotland and its sometime-regent, who lived in France as a sort of exile.
Anne de La Tour d'Auvergne | Marriage
The county then returned to his brother, Agnes' stepson Odo, who was already Duke of Gascony. He went to war against Agnes, her husband and sons. Odo was killed at the battle at Mauzé.
Agnes of Burgundy, Duchess of Aquitaine | Second marriage: Countess of Anjou
Margaret of Burgundy (; 1290 – 30 April 1315) was Queen of France and Navarre as the first wife of Louis X of France (and Louis I of Navarre) .
Margaret of Burgundy, Queen of France | Introduction
Anne de Seguier was the daughter of Pierre Seguier (d. 1559), Lord of Verrières and the lieutenant-criminal of the Grand Châtelet in Paris and his wife Catherine Pinot. de Seguier married Francois du Prat, Baron of Vitteaux and of Thiern. He was Chamberlain to the Duke of Anjou. They had three children, Antoine du Prat who married Chrétienne de Sayve, Anne and Philippine, who were educated in the court of Henry III. du Prat died on 8 April 1565 in Paris. de Seguier married again to Hugues de La Vergne, Chamberlain and Captain of the guard of the Duke of Anjou.
Anne de Seguier | Biography
Margaret was a member of the ducal House of Burgundy, a branch of the Capetian dynasty. She was the eldest daughter of Robert II, Duke of Burgundy (1248–1306) and Agnes of France (1260–1327), the youngest daughter of Louis IX of France and Margaret of Provence. In 1305, Margaret married her first cousin once removed, Louis I, King of Navarre, who in November 1314 ascended to the French throne as Louis X of France. They had one daughter, Joan (born 1312, died 1349). Early in 1314, Margaret was allegedly caught in an act of adultery in the Tour de Nesle Affair.
Margaret of Burgundy, Queen of France | Life
Geoffrey and Matilda's marriage took place in 1128. The marriage was meant to seal a lasting peace between England, Normandy (an English possession since William I) and Anjou. She was eleven years older than Geoffrey, and very proud of her status as dowager Empress (as opposed to being a mere countess), and which she kept for the remainder of her life. Their marriage was a stormy but happy one with frequent long separations; she bore him three sons and survived him by over 15 years.
Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou | Marriage
Margaret was the daughter of Count Thierry of Flanders and Sibylla of Anjou. In 1160 she married Count Ralph II of Vermandois. Due to his leprosy, the marriage could not be consummated and remained childless. He died of leprosy in 1167 without issue. In 1169 she married Count Baldwin V of Hainaut, a scion of the House of Flanders.
Margaret I, Countess of Flanders | Early life
After her husband's death, Agnes lost her influence at the court of Poitiers since her sons were not heirs. In order for her to regain her position and ensure a future for her children, Agnes had to remarry. Thus she married Geoffrey II, Count of Anjou in 1032, which was an attractive offer because his father was the powerful Fulk III, Count of Anjou. In 1033, Geoffrey's troops invaded Poitou with the support of Agnes. William VI, Duke of Aquitaine, the new Count of Poitou, was captured in March. He was released only in 1036 against a large ransom and he died in 1038 without children.
Agnes of Burgundy, Duchess of Aquitaine | Second marriage: Countess of Anjou
Fulk may have married as many as five times; there is some doubt regarding the exact number or how many he repudiated. His first wife was Hildegarde of Beaugency. Together they had a daughter: After her death, before or by 1070, he married Ermengarde de Bourbon. Together they had a son before Fulk repudiated her in 1075, possibly on grounds of consanguinity:
Fulk IV, Count of Anjou | Family
It has long been presumed that, in 1089, her marriage was arranged to the young Duke and poet, William IX of Aquitaine. However, this union proved a dismal failure. Her husband was a voracious philanderer, whose affairs infuriated his wife. She suffered from severe mood swings, vacillating between vivacity and sullenness, and would nag her husband. She also had a habit of retiring in bad temper to a cloister after an argument, cutting off all contact with the outside world, before suddenly making a reappearance in the court as if her absence had never occurred. Such behavior, coupled with her failure to conceive a child, led William to send her back to her father and have the marriage dissolved in 1091.
Ermengarde of Anjou (d. 1146) | Duchess of Aquitaine
Margaret was one of seven children born to Amadeus VIII, Count of Savoy and his wife Mary of Burgundy. A few of her siblings included Louis, Duke of Savoy and Mary, Duchess of Milan. Her paternal grandparents were Amadeus VII, Count of Savoy and Bonne of Berry. Her maternal grandparents were Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy and Margaret III, Countess of Flanders.
Margaret of Savoy, Duchess of Anjou | Family
The death of her eight-year-old fiancé in early 1401 forced Margaret's grandfather and Charles' mother, Isabeau of Bavaria, to arrange a new union in the wake of Armagnac–Burgundian Civil War. In Paris in May 1403, it was agreed that Margaret would marry the new Dauphin of France, Duke Louis of Guyenne. A double marriage took place at the end of August 1404, as part of Philip the Bold's efforts to maintain a close relationship with France by ensuring that the next Queen of France would be his granddaughter. Margaret married Dauphin Louis, while her only brother, Philip the Good, married Louis' sister Michelle.
Margaret of Nevers | First marriage
Joan of France (; 4 May 1435 – 1482) was the seventh child and fourth daughter of Charles VII of France and Marie of Anjou. She married John II, Duke of Bourbon, in 1447. They had no children.
Joan of France, Duchess of Bourbon | Introduction
Marie negotiated for a marriage between Louis and Yolande of Aragon, to prevent the Aragonese from obstructing him there. They finally wed in 1400. Marie was an able administrator and on her deathbed revealed to Louis that she had saved the amount of 200,000 écus. This was to make sure that she could pay his ransom in case he was captured.
Marie of Blois, Duchess of Anjou | Biography
Scene:The highlands of Scotland, c. 1462 The widowed Queen Margherita, whose husband King Henry VI was driven off the throne and then killed in the English Civil War known as the Wars of the Roses, fled to France and has now returned to Britain with an army in an attempt to reclaim the throne on behalf of her son. She and her army met defeat in battle and she has been forced to retreat to the wilderness in Scotland with her remaining supporters. Among them are the French nobleman the Duke of Lavarenne, who fell in love with Margherita while she was in exile in France, and has left his wife to be with her.
Margherita d'Anjou | Synopsis
He had their wedding annulled and proceeded to marry Blanche of Anjou.
Isabella of Castile, Queen of Aragon | Introduction
She was the fourth daughter of Charles, Duke of Durazzo (1323–1348), and Maria of Calabria, but the only one to have children; her legitimate line of descent, as well as the century-old Capetian House of Anjou, ended with her daughter. In February 1369, Margaret married her paternal first cousin Charles of Durazzo. He was a son of Louis of Durazzo, another son of John, Duke of Durazzo, and his second wife Agnes de Périgord. The bride was twenty-two years old and the groom twenty-four.
Margaret of Durazzo | Life
Margaret was the youngest daughter of Frederick II, Count of Vaudémont and Yolande d'Anjou. She lost her father when she was the age of seven, and was brought up at Aix-en-Provence by her grandfather René of Anjou. When latter died in 1480, she was sent back to Lorraine to her brother, René II. He arranged her marriage to René, Duke of Alençon, whom she wed in Toul on 14 May 1488. Born: 1463 in Vaudémont Castle, Lorraine, France Died: 2 November at Argentan, Brittany, France because of natural causes Beatified: 10 March 1921 by Pope Benedict XV Alençon and Margaret had three children:
Margaret of Lorraine | Marriage and children
Many have speculated that either Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset, or James Butler, 5th Earl of Ormond, both staunch allies of Margaret, was the young prince's actual father. Although Margaret was aggressively partisan and had a volatile temperament, she shared her husband's love of learning by dint of her cultured upbringing and gave her patronage to the founding of Queens' College, Cambridge. Elizabeth Woodville (born ca 1437), later Queen of England as the wife of Margaret's husband's rival, King Edward IV, purportedly served Margaret of Anjou as a maid of honour. However, the evidence is too scanty to permit historians to establish this with absolute certainty: several women at Margaret's court bore the name Elizabeth or Isabella Grey.
Margaret of Anjou | Birth of a son
In 1505, Margaret married her first husband, William Medley, esquire, by whom she had one son, George (died 1562). In 1509, sometime after the death of her husband in February of that year, she married as his second wife, Thomas Grey, 2nd Marquess of Dorset, the eldest son of Thomas Grey, 1st Marquess of Dorset by Cecily Bonville, Baroness Harington and Bonville. She was styled Marchioness of Dorset upon her marriage. By her second husband she had four sons and four daughters: Margaret and her husband were part of the group who accompanied Henry VIII's sister, Princess Mary, to France in the autumn of 1514, for the latter's wedding to King Louis XII of France.
Margaret Wotton, Marchioness of Dorset | Marriages and issue
By her first husband Conan I 'le Tort' Count of Rennes, she had the following children: By her second husband William II 'Taillefer' Count of Angoulême, she had the following children:
Ermengarde-Gerberga of Anjou | Issue
He married Klementia of Habsburg (d. 1295), daughter of Rudolph I, King of Germany. They had three children:
Charles Martel of Anjou | Family
After the death of Louis on his second crusade in 1270, during which she remained in France, she returned to Provence. She became a more politically active figure after his death. She was particularly exigent – to the point of raising troops – in defending her rights in Provence, where her husband's brother, Charles of Anjou, maintained his political authority and control of property after his wife's (her sister's) death, contrary to the intentions of the old count, who had died in 1245. She was devoted to her sister Queen Eleanor of England, and they stayed in contact until Eleanor's death in 1291.
Margaret of Provence | Queen Dowager
Shortly before her 36th birthday, a marriage was finally arranged for her by her brother King Henry II of France and her former suitor Philip II as part of the terms stipulated in the Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis which was signed by the ambassadors representing the two monarchs on 3 April 1559. The husband selected for her was Philip's ally, Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy, Prince of Piedmont. At the time, Margaret was described as having been a "spinster lady of excellent breeding and lively intellect". The wedding took place in tragic circumstances. On 30 June just three days after her marriage contract had been signed, King Henry was gravely injured during a tournament celebrating the wedding of his eldest daughter Elisabeth to the recently widowed King Philip.
Margaret of Valois, Duchess of Berry | Marriage
Margaret of Savoy (7 August 1420 – 30 September 1479), was a daughter of Amadeus VIII of Savoy and Mary of Burgundy. By her three illustrious marriages, she held a number of titles, including "Duchess of Anjou", "Duchess of Calabria", "Countess of Maine", "Countess of the Palatinate", and "Countess of Württemberg".
Margaret of Savoy, Duchess of Anjou | Introduction
Margaret was accused in 1182 of having a love affair with William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke, although contemporary chroniclers doubted the truth of these accusations. Henry may have started the process to have their marriage annulled ostensibly due to her adultery, but in reality, because she could not have children. Margaret was sent back to France, according to E. Hallam ("The Plantagenets") and Amy Kelly ("Eleonore of Aquitaine and the Four Kings"), to ensure her safety during the civil war with Young Henry's brother Richard the Lionheart. Her husband died in 1183 while on campaign in the Dordogne region of France.
Margaret of France, Queen of England and Hungary | Queen of England
A series of treaties in the first half of 1299 provided terms for a double marriage: Edward I would marry Margaret and his son would marry Isabella, Philip's only surviving daughter. Additionally, the English monarchy would regain the key territory of Guyenne and receive £15,000 owed to Margaret as well as the return of Eleanor of Castile's lands in Ponthieu and Montreuil as a dower first for Margaret, and then Isabella. Edward was then 60 years old, at least 40 years older than his bride. The wedding took place at Canterbury on 10 September 1299. Margaret was never crowned due to financial constraints, being the first uncrowned queen since the Conquest.
Margaret of France, Queen of England | Queen
Walsingham was sent to France in mid-1581 to discuss an Anglo-French alliance, but the French wanted the marriage agreed first, and Walsingham had instructions to obtain a treaty before committing to the marriage. He returned to England without an agreement. Personally, Walsingham opposed the marriage, perhaps to the point of encouraging public opposition. Alençon was a Catholic, and as his elder brother, Henry III, was childless, he was heir presumptive to the French throne. Elizabeth was probably past the age of childbearing, and had no clear successor. If she died while married to the French heir, her realms could fall under French control.
Francis, Duke of Anjou | Courting Elizabeth I
Despite the uncertainty of Elizabeth's – and therefore the Tudors' – hold on England, she never married. The closest she came to marriage was between 1579 and 1581, when she was courted by Francis, Duke of Anjou, the son of Henry II of France and Catherine de' Medici. Despite Elizabeth's government constantly begging her to marry in the early years of her reign, it was now persuading Elizabeth not to marry the French prince, for his mother, Catherine de' Medici, was suspected of ordering the St Bartholomew's Day massacre of tens of thousands of French Protestant Huguenots in 1572. Elizabeth bowed to public feeling against the marriage, learning from the mistake her sister made when she married Philip II of Spain, and sent the Duke of Anjou away.
House of Tudor | Last hopes of a Tudor heir
Margaret remained a widow for about four years. She married her second husband John of Vilaragut in 1415. In secret, she gave birth to a son in 1416, whose name was Joan Jeroni de Vilaragut (1416–1452). John died in 1422 and Margaret entered the monastery of Bonrepòs. She died in 1429.
Margaret of Prades | Life
In 982, as the widow of her second husband, Raymond, count of Toulouse, she wed Louis, son of King Lothair of France. The two were crowned King and Queen of Aquitaine at Brioude by her brother Bishop Guy of le Puy. The marriage lasted just over a year due to the couple being unable to peacefully live together. There was also a significant age difference—he being fifteen and Adelaide-Blanche being over forty. Adelaide found herself in a precarious situation with King Lothair but was rescued by Count William I of Provence whom she subsequently married in . Count William of Provence died in 994 shortly after becoming a monk at Avignon.
Adelaide-Blanche of Anjou | Life
Many letters written by Margaret during her tenure as queen consort are still extant. One was written to the Corporation of London regarding injuries inflicted on her tenants at the manor of Enfield, which comprised part of her dower lands. Another letter was written to the Archbishop of Canterbury. Margaret's letters, which typically began with the words "By the Quene," are compiled in a book edited by Cecil Monro, which was published for the Camden Society in 1863.
Margaret of Anjou | Margaret's letters
Margaret was the eldest daughter of Louis VII of France by his second wife Constance of Castile. Her older half-sisters, Marie and Alix, were also older half-sisters of her future husband. She was betrothed to Henry the Young King on 2 November 1160. Henry was the second of five sons born to King Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine. He was five years old at the time of this agreement while Margaret was about two. Margaret's dowry was the vital and much disputed territory of Vexin.
Margaret of France, Queen of England and Hungary | Family history
Blanche of Anjou (1280 – 14 October 1310) was Queen of Aragon as the second spouse of King James II. She was a member of the Capetian House of Anjou, she is also known as "Blanche of Naples". She served as Regent or "Queen-Lieutenant" of Aragon during the absence of her spouse in 1310.
Blanche of Anjou | Introduction
Margaret of Artois (1285–1311) was the eldest child of Philip of Artois and his wife, Blanche of Brittany. She was a member of the House of Artois. She was married to Louis d'Évreux. By her marriage, Margaret was Countess consort of Évreux.
Margaret of Artois | Introduction
From that moment the King always passed some hours with her every day of his life; wherever she might be she was always lodged near him, and on the same floor if possible." The Marquise de Montespan wrote the following in her memoirs about the marriage between her former friend and ex-lover: "The following week, Madame de Maintenon... consented to the King's will, which she had opposed in order to excite it, and in the presence of the Marquis and Marquise de Montchevreuil, the Duc de Noailles, the Marquis de Chamarante, M. Bontems and Mademoiselle Ninon, her permanent chambermaid, was married to the King of France and Navarre in the chapel of the château.
Françoise d'Aubigné, Marquise de Maintenon | Uncrowned queen of France
On 27 May 1234 at the age of thirteen, Margaret became wife of Louis IX of France and queen consort of France. She was crowned the following day. The wedding and her coronation as queen were celebrated at the cathedral of Sens. The marriage was a difficult one in numerous aspects. Blanche still wielded strong influence over her son, and would throughout her life. As a sign of her authority, shortly after the wedding Blanche dismissed Margaret's uncles and all of the servants she had brought with her from her childhood. Margaret and Blanche resented each other from the beginning.
Margaret of Provence | Queen
Eleanor of Anjou (August 1289 – 9 August 1341) was Queen of Sicily as the wife of King Frederick III of Sicily. She was a member of the Capetian House of Anjou by birth. She was the third daughter of Charles II of Naples and Mary of Hungary. Eleanor was firstly married in 1299 to , son of Narjot de Toucy and Lucia of Tripoli. Their marriage was dissolved on 17 January 1300 by Pope Boniface VIII because they were related and had not sought permission from the pope to marry.
Eleanor of Anjou | Introduction
All records show that Charles was a faithful husband and a caring father. His first wife, Beatrice of Provence, gave birth to at least six children. According to contemporaneous gossips, she persuaded Charles to claim the "Regno", because she wanted to wear a crown like his sisters. Before she died in July 1267, she had willed the usufruct of Provence to Charles. The widowed Charles first proposed himself to Margaret of Hungary. However, Margaret, who had been brought up in a Dominican nunnery, did not want to marry. According to legends, she disfigured herself to prevent the marriage. Charles and his second wife, Margaret of Nevers, had children who did not survive to adulthood.
Charles I of Anjou | Family
In the conflict between Henry III and the Malcontents, she took the side of Francis, Duke of Anjou, her younger brother, and this caused the king to have a deep aversion towards her. As Queen of Navarre, Margaret also played a pacifying role in the stormy relations between her husband and the French monarchy. Shuttled back and forth between the two courts, she endeavored to lead a happy conjugal life, but her sterility and the political tensions inherent in the civil conflict led to the end of her marriage. Mistreated by a brother quick to take offence and rejected by a fickle and opportunistic husband, she chose the path of opposition in 1585.
Margaret of Valois | Introduction
Matilda finally agreed, and she travelled to Rouen in May 1127 with Robert of Gloucester and Brian Fitz Count where she was formally betrothed to Geoffrey. Over the course of the next year, Fulk decided to depart for Jerusalem, where he hoped to become king, leaving his possessions to Geoffrey. Henry knighted his future son-in-law, and Matilda and Geoffrey were married a week later on 17 June 1128 in Le Mans by the bishops of Le Mans and Séez. Fulk finally left Anjou for Jerusalem in 1129, declaring Geoffrey the Count of Anjou and Maine.
Empress Matilda | Marriage to Geoffrey of Anjou
She was the granddaughter and niece of King Charles V of France and King Charles VI of France, respectively. Her mother was the daughter of Gian Galeazzo Visconti, Duke of Milan, and Isabella of France, who was a daughter of King John II of France. Her brother was the famous and unfortunate Charles, Duke of Orléans, (father of the future Louis XII of France), captured at Agincourt and imprisoned for twenty-five years in England and who during his long captivity, became the greatest poet of the 15th century in the French language. In 1423 she married Richard of Montfort, son of John IV, Duke of Brittany, and Joanna of Navarre, later Queen of England as wife of Henry Bolingbroke.
Margaret, Countess of Vertus | Life
If Margaret had really compromised her reputation, Jeanne d'Albret would not accept the marriage between her son and the princess. Although certainly after the wedding, Margaret was unfaithful to her husband, many of the extramarital adventures are the result of pamphlets that have had to politically discredit her and her family: the most famous was "Le Divorce Satyrique" (1607), who described her as a nymphomaniac.
Henry IV of France's wives and mistresses | Margaret of Valois
Jeanne de Laval (10 November 1433 – 19 December 1498), was the second wife and Queen consort of René I of Anjou, King of Naples, Sicily, titular King of Jerusalem, Aragon, and Majorca; Duke of Anjou, Bar, and Lorraine; and Count of Provence and Piedmont.
Jeanne de Laval | Introduction
On an unknown date, Marguerite married her first husband, Pierre de Baux, and following his death, she married as her second husband, a relative of her mother, Giacopo of Sanseverino. Both of these early marriages were childless. In 1380, after Giacopo's death, Marguerite married her third husband, John of Luxembourg, Sire of Beauvois (1370–1397). He was the son of Guy of Luxembourg, Count of Saint-Pol and Mahaut of Châtillon, Countess of Saint-Pol. By her third husband, Marguerite had five children:
Margaret, Countess of Brienne | Marriages and issue
The Lancastrian army was beaten at the Battle of Towton on 29 March 1461 by the son of the late Duke of York, the future Edward IV of England, who deposed King Henry and proclaimed himself king. Margaret was determined to win back her son's inheritance and fled with him into Wales and later Scotland. Finding her way to France, she made an ally of her cousin, King Louis XI of France, and at his instigation she allowed an approach from Edward's former supporter, Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, who had fallen out with his former friend as a result of Edward's marriage to Elizabeth Woodville, and was now seeking revenge for the loss of his political influence.
Margaret of Anjou | Sojourn in France
Margaret of France (1254–1271) was a daughter of Louis IX of France and his wife Margaret of Provence. She was a member of the House of Capet and was Duchess of Brabant by her marriage to John I, Duke of Brabant.
Margaret of France, Duchess of Brabant | Introduction
The beautiful and cultured Margaret was popular at the court of France, but her marriage to Louis was not a happy one, in part because of his strained relations with her father-in-law, who was very attached to her. She died childless at the age of 20 in 1445.
Louis XI of France | Marriages
Ermengarde of Anjou ( – 18 March 1076), was a Duchess consort of Burgundy. She was the daughter of Count Fulk III of Anjou and Hildegarde of Sundgau. She was sometimes known as "Ermengarde-Blanche." She married first, Geoffrey II, Count of Gâtinais (in French "Geoffroy"), called "Ferréol" and sometimes known as "Aubri", seigneur de Château-Landon. Together they had the following children: She married secondly Robert I, Duke of Burgundy. Together they had one daughter:
Ermengarde of Anjou, Duchess of Burgundy | Introduction
During the Wars of the Roses, Margaret was briefly engaged to Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales, the only son of Henry VI of England and Margaret of Anjou. However, the engagement was called off by her mother due to political pressure from Edward IV of England and Philip III, Duke of Burgundy. Thoughts of an English match did not go away, and Margaret's brother James III was particularly keen to achieve one. In 1476, she was therefore proposed by James III to George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence, and she was afterward to have been married to Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl Rivers, brother-in-law of Edward IV; but neither of these alliances took place.
Margaret Stewart (born c. 1455) | Marriage proposals
Within a few months, however, Margaret had regained control of Henry, Parliament was dissolved, the incautious Speaker thrown in prison, and Richard of York retired to Wales for the time being.
Margaret of Anjou | Enmity between Margaret and the Duke of York
From the start of Elizabeth's reign, it was expected that she would marry and the question arose to whom. Although she received many offers for her hand, she never married and was childless; the reasons for this are not clear. Historians have speculated that Thomas Seymour had put her off sexual relationships. She considered several suitors until she was about fifty. Her last courtship was with Francis, Duke of Anjou, 22 years her junior. While risking possible loss of power like her sister, who played into the hands of King Philip II of Spain, marriage offered the chance of an heir.
Elizabeth I | Marriage question
In act 5 scene 6, Joan of Arc is condemned to be burnt alive, but no mention is made of her trial (1431). In the first scene of "Henry VI part 2", King Henry VI of England marries Margaret of Anjou in 1445, of the House of Valois, niece to King Charles VII, arranged by the marquis of Suffolk, William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk as a way to influence the young king through her. In the marriage contract, the English lose the duchy of Anjou and the county of Maine and no dowry is given (Treaty of Tours, 1445).
French history in the English-speaking theatre | Charles VII
René married: His legitimate children by Isabelle were: He also had three illegitimate children:
René of Anjou | Marriages and issue
She is buried in the basilica of Saint-Denis alongside her spouse.
Marie of Anjou | Queen dowager
Margaret's husband became co-ruler with his father in 1170. Because Archbishop Thomas Becket was in exile, Margaret was not crowned along with her husband on 14 July 1170. This omission and the coronation being handled by a surrogate greatly angered her father. To please the French King, Henry II had his son and Margaret crowned together in Winchester Cathedral on 27 August 1172. When Margaret became pregnant, she held her confinement in Paris, where she gave birth prematurely to their only son William on 19 June 1177, who died three days later on 22 June. She had no further children.
Margaret of France, Queen of England and Hungary | Queen of England
Her father died when she was six years old and she grew up under guidance of her mother and Joan I of Navarre, her half-brother King Philip IV's wife.
Margaret of France, Queen of England | Life
Marie of Blois (1345-1404) was a daughter of Joanna, Duchess of Brittany and Charles, Duke of Brittany. Through marriage to Louis I, Duke of Anjou, she became Duchess of Anjou, Countess of Maine, Duchess of Touraine, titular Queen of Naples and Jerusalem and Countess of Provence.
Marie of Blois, Duchess of Anjou | Introduction
Aimery married Joan, widow of Ingram de Percy, she was the daughter and heir of William de Fortibus and Maud de Ferrers. They are known to have had the following known issue.
Aimery X de Rochechouart | Marriage and issue
Although the image shows Margaret of Anjou receiving the manuscript on her wedding day, it is likely that Talbot presented her with the manuscript in France, prior to her journey to England to marry the king. The presentation poem beneath the image describes her as merely affianced, not married. Scholars have questioned whether the book was originally made for Margaret of Anjou herself. The common theme of the contents is the art of chivalry, a fitting subject for a military commander such as the Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury, who commissioned the work, but perhaps not entirely suitable for a Queen.
Talbot Shrewsbury Book | Ownership
His last wife was a German woman named Adelaide.
Geoffrey II, Count of Anjou | Family
Marie was the eldest daughter of Louis II of Anjou, claimant to the throne of Naples, and Yolande of Aragon, claimant to the throne of Aragon. Marie was betrothed to her second cousin Charles, son and heir apparent of Charles VI of France, in 1413. When a Burgundian force took Paris in 1418, Charles left her stranded, but she was taken by John the Fearless to Saumur to be reunited with him. However, Charles failed to arrive for the agreed rendezvous. The wedding took place on 18 December 1422 at Bourges. The marriage made Marie Queen of France, but as far as it is known, she was never crowned.
Marie of Anjou | Life
Margaret was originally in 1257 betrothed to Henry IV, Duke of Brabant, son of Henry III, Duke of Brabant and Alice of Burgundy. This betrothal was terminated because of the imbecility of Henry. Henry was deposed in 1267. Henry's brother, John I, Duke of Brabant married Margaret on September 5, 1270. Margaret became pregnant in 1270/1271. Margaret gave birth to a son in 1271. Mother and baby did not survive and both died shortly after the birth.
Margaret of France, Duchess of Brabant | Biography
Margaret and Louis' marriage shows both the nature of medieval royal diplomacy and the precarious position of the French monarchy. The marriage took place 25 June 1436 in the afternoon in the chapel of the castle of Tours and was presided by the Archbishop of Reims. By the standards of the time, it was a very plain wedding. Louis, nearly thirteen, looked clearly more mature than his bride, eleven. Margaret looked like a beautiful "doll", perhaps because she was treated as such by her in-laws. Charles wore "grey riding pants" and "did not even bother to remove his spurs". The Scottish guests were quickly hustled out after the wedding reception.
Margaret Stewart, Dauphine of France | Marriage
Her spouse's victory in the Hundred Years War owed a great deal to the support he received from Marie's family, notably from her mother Yolande of Aragon.
Marie of Anjou | Life
An unusual entry in the cartulary of Ronceray describes a dispute over a vineyard seized by Geoffrey Martel and granted to his "wives, or rather concubines", Agnes, Grécie, Adele, and Adelaide. Whether these women were his wives or concubines, each relationship can be described. Geoffrey II's first wife was Agnes of Burgundy, the widow of William V, Duke of Aquitaine; she and Geoffrey married in 1032, but had divorced by 1050. His second wife was Grécie of Langeais. Geoffrey II dismissed her to marry Adèle, the daughter of a "Count Odo", perhaps Odo II, Count of Blois. He also divorced Adèle, and took Grécie back as his wife.
Geoffrey II, Count of Anjou | Family
In 1190, Marguerite became the second wife of William des Roches, Seneschal of Anjou; a knight during the Third Crusade in the service of the Angevin kings of England and King Philip II of France. He was the son of Baudoin des Roches and Alix de Châtellerault. His first wife, Philippa had died childless. Upon the death of her father in 1193, Marguerite, being the eldest daughter had consequently succeeded him. She brought to William the lordships of Sablé, La Suze, Briollay, Mayet, Loupeland, Genneteil, Precigné, and the Norman manor of Agon; this made him one of the greatest barons in Anjou and Maine.
Marguerite de Sablé | Marriage and issue
After receiving a substantial pension in exchange for surrendering her dowry of Gisors and the Vexin, Margaret became the second wife of Béla III of Hungary in 1186. She was widowed for a second time in 1196 and died on pilgrimage to the Holy Land at St John of Acre in 1197, having only arrived eight days prior to her death. She was buried at the Cathedral of Tyre, according to Ernoul, the chronicler who continued the chronicles of William of Tyre.
Margaret of France, Queen of England and Hungary | Queen of Hungary
In 1328, Jeanne married of the counts and dukes of Penthièvre, widower of Joan of Avaugour and son of the Duke of Brittany. Jeanne may have done this to protect her underage children.
Jeanne de Clisson | Second marriage
Adelaide-Blanche of Anjou ( –1026) was, by her successive marriages, countess of Gévaudan and Forez, of Toulouse, of Provence, and of Burgundy, and queen of Aquitaine. She was the regent of Gevaudan during the minority of her sons in the 960s, and the regent of Provence during the minority of her stepson from 994 until 999.
Adelaide-Blanche of Anjou | Introduction