The Communist Party of Cuba is the ruling political party in the Republic of Cuba. The Cuban constitution ascribes the role of the party to be the "leading force of society and of the state". It was founded on 3 October 1965 through as a successor of the which was in turn made up of the 26th of July Movement and Popular Socialist Party that seized power in Cuba after the 1959 Cuban Revolution. The PCC is a communist party based on democratic centralism, a principle conceived by Russian Marxist Vladimir Lenin, entails democratic and open discussion of policy issues within the party, followed by the requirement of total unity in upholding the agreed policies.
Introduction
Communist Party of Cuba
Communist Party of Cuba | Introduction
3 October 1965 3 October 1965. 3 October 1965. 3 October 1965.
when was the last time a hurricane hit tampa bay area
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1921
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which areas did it effected?
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Cuba, Pasco County, Manatee County and Sarasota County.
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who ruled the first place?
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Communist Party of Cuba
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which ethnic groups immigrated here?
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Afro-Cubans
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what is one of the principles of its communist party?
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It entails democratic and open discussion of policy issues within the party, followed by the requirement of total unity in upholding the agreed policies.
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when was it founded?
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The Communist Party of Cuba is the ruling political party in the Republic of Cuba. The Cuban constitution ascribes the role of the party to be the "leading force of society and of the state". It was founded on 3 October 1965 through as a successor of the which was in turn made up of the 26th of July Movement and Popular Socialist Party that seized power in Cuba after the 1959 Cuban Revolution. The PCC is a communist party based on democratic centralism, a principle conceived by Russian Marxist Vladimir Lenin, entails democratic and open discussion of policy issues within the party, followed by the requirement of total unity in upholding the agreed policies.
Communist Party of Cuba | Introduction
Cuba had a number of communist and anarchist organizations from the early period of the Republic (founded in 1902). The original "internationalised" Communist Party of Cuba formed in the 1920s. In 1944, it renamed itself as the Popular Socialist Party for electoral reasons. In July 1961, two years after the successful overthrow of Fulgencio Batista and the creation of a revolutionary government, the Integrated Revolutionary Organizations (ORI) was formed from the merger of: On 26 March 1962, the ORI became the United Party of the Cuban Socialist Revolution (PURSC), which in turn became the Communist Party of Cuba on 3 October 1965.
Communist Party of Cuba | History
Cuba had a number of communist and/or anarchist parties, especially in Havana and in the eastern area of Cuba, at least as early as the beginning of the Cuban Republic. Possibly the first was founded in 1906 near Manzanillo by Agustín Martín Veloz (Martinillo). The original "internationalized" Communist Party of Cuba was formed in the 1920s when Gerardo Machado was president and then dictator of the country. This organization is said to be related to several fronts, including the anti-imperialist league and its anti-clerical analogue. This party was formally recognized by Moscow in 1925. Contacts with Moscow representatives were said to be made in a restaurant at 687 Compostela Street, at the corner of Luz Street in Havana.
Julio Antonio Mella | Foundation of the "internationalized" Cuban Communist Party
The Party was one of two political groupings (the other one being the Cuban National League) that emerged from the "Junta Patriótica" in Havana in March 1899. The Party was founded on March 24, 1899, at a meeting in Havana of presidents of patriotic clubs and neighbourhood committees as well as former members of the "Junta Patriótica". At the meeting, Enrique Messonier (a former anarchist leader) called for a people's meeting to be held in Havana, to elect a commission to organize the work of the neighbourhood committees. In agreement with Messonier's proposal, a meeting was held on March 26, 1899.
Cuban National Party | History
The Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Cuba was established at the party's founding congress in 1975. The Second Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba leads the body.
Secretariat of the Communist Party of Cuba | Introduction
In Article 5 of the Cuban constitution of 1976, the Communist Party is recognized as "the superior guiding force of society and of the State, that organizes and orients common efforts toward the high goals of the construction of socialism and the advancement toward communist society". All parties, including the Communist Party, are prohibited from publicly advertising their organizations. For the first fifteen years of its formal existence, the Communist Party was almost completely inactive outside of the Politburo. The 100 person Central Committee rarely met and it was ten years after its founding that the first regular party Congress was held.
Communist Party of Cuba | History
The People's Party () was a short-lived political party in Cuba. It was founded on November 7, 1900 by Diego Vicente Tejera (who had formed the Cuban Socialist Party the preceding year). The People's Party sought to mobilize the working class of Cuba into political action. However the party failed to make any significant political breakthrough. Tejera took part in the Constituent Convention of 1901 as a delegate from the People's Party. The government barred the party from contesting the 1901 elections by issuing a demand that it produce a register showing that it had 5,000 members in each of Cuba's major cities and 500 in several smaller towns.
People's Party (Cuba) | Introduction
The Cuban Socialist Party () was a political party in Cuba. The party was founded in March 1899 by Diego Vicente Tejera. The founding of the Socialist Party represented the first attempt in Cuban history to build a political party representing the working class. The activities of the party were limited to the city of Havana. The party was dissolved in July 1899, and Tejera joined the Cuban National Party.
Cuban Socialist Party | Introduction
The founders of the Cuban Communist Party are listed as: Julio Antonio Mella, Juan Marinello, Alejandro Barreiro, Carlos Baliño, , Jesús Menéndez, Carlos Rafael Rodríguez, Lázaro Peña, Blas Roca, Rubén Martínez Villena, Anibal Escalante, Emilio Roig and Fabio Grobart.
Julio Antonio Mella | Foundation of the "internationalized" Cuban Communist Party
The party was founded by Kondō Eizō on August 20, 1921 (Kondo had been released from jail in July the same year). The founding group of the party consisted of radical intellectuals, many of them former students of Waseda University and members of the Society of Enlightened People. The founding meeting, held in secret, adopted a party platform and constitution. An executive committee was elected (with Kondo as its chairman), as well as four other committees (Finance Committee, led by Nakasone Genwa; Investigation Committee, led by Hirata Shinsaku; Publication Committee, led by Takase Kiyoshi; Propaganda Committee, led by Takatsu Seido).
Enlightened People's Communist Party | Founding
The Party of the Cuban People – Orthodox (, PPC-O), commonly called Orthodox Party (), was a Cuban left-wing populist political party. It was founded in 1947 by Eduardo Chibás in response to government corruption and lack of reform. Its primary aims were the establishment of a distinct national identity, economic independence and the implementation of social reforms.
Partido Ortodoxo | Introduction
The first PNC (CNP) was founded in Havana, Cuba on 30 January 1924, by Jose G. Cabrera Díaz, a canarian journalist who became president of the party. He had been a trade union leader of Canary workers. On 5 August 1900, they had founded the Working Canary Association. In the 1920s, Díaz left his working-class roots to defend the interests of the middle class. Though the Cuban PNC proclaimed itself as inheritor of Secundino Delgado's thought, the party ideology was far away from the near to anarchism ideas of national and social liberation by Delgado. The newspaper "El Guanche", founded in 1897, was a primary supporter of the party.
Canarian Nationalist Party | Precedents
The Socialist Party of the Island of Cuba () was a political party in Cuba, formed in November 1906 through the merger of the Socialist Workers Party of Carlos Baliños and the International Socialist Group. The party published "La Voz Obrera".
Socialist Party of the Island of Cuba | Introduction
In 1969, membership of the party was only 55,000 or 0.7% of the population, making the PCC the smallest ruling communist party in the world. In the 1970s, the party's apparatus began to develop. By the time of the first party Congress in 1975, the party had grown to just over two hundred thousand members, the Central Committee was meeting regularly and provided the organizational apparatus giving the party the leading role in society that ruling Communist parties generally hold. By 1980, the party had grown to over 430,000 members and it grew further to 520,000 by 1985. Apparatuses of the party had grown to ensure that its leading cadres were appointed to key government positions.
Communist Party of Cuba | History
"See also: " The leading bodies of the party were the Politburo and the Secretariat until 1991 when the two bodies were merged into an expanded Politburo with over twenty members. However, the Secretariat was re-introduced in 2002. There is also a Central Committee which meets between party congresses. At the Fifth Congress, the size of the Central Committee was reduced to 150 members from the previous membership of 225. Fidel Castro was the party's First Secretary (or leader) since its inception while Raúl Castro was the Second Secretary. Upon Fidel Castro's 2008 resignation from the party and Cuban government, Raúl Castro became First Secretary.
Communist Party of Cuba | Central Committee
Open corruption and oppression under Batista's rule led to his ousting in January 1959 by the 26th of July Movement, which afterwards established communist rule under the leadership of Fidel Castro. Since 1965, the state has been governed by the Communist Party of Cuba. The country was a point of contention during the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States, and a nuclear war nearly broke out during the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962. Cuba is one of a few extant Marxist–Leninist socialist states, where the role of the vanguard Communist Party is enshrined in the Constitution.
Cuba | Introduction
Young Communist League, (UJC founded in 1962 by Fidel Castro), youth group of future militants of the PCC Workers' Central Union of Cuba, (CTC, founded in 1939 by Blas Roca and Lázaro Peña), a Cuban trade union center. Federation of Cuban Women, (FMC, founded in 1960 by Fidel Castro and Vilma Espín), a centralized women's organization.
Communist Party of Cuba | Mass organizations, related to the PCC
The congress adopted the party constitution, party programme and an elected leadership. In June 1959 the party took part in an armed uprising against the dictatorship of Rafael Trujillo. In June 1960 a party conference was organized, which discussed the situation in the country and identified the challenges the party to strengthen the struggle against government. The conference expressed strong support for the Cuban revolution. After the fall of Trujillo in May 1961 the party intensified its activities. In September 1962 the party Central Committee adopted a document titled "On the political situation, ways and objectives of the revolution", which stressed that the strategic goal of the party was national liberation, anti-imperialist and anti-feudal revolution.
Dominican Communist Party | Introduction
The Democratic Union Party () was a political party in Cuba. The party was founded in 1899 by conservative sectors. In an alliance with the Republican Party of Havana, the DUP won the Constitutional Assembly elections in 1900. The DUP was dissolved in 1901.
Democratic Union Party (Cuba) | Introduction
It was formed in 1975, by the remnants of the Organization of Spanish Marxist-Leninists (OMLE) which was dissolved that year. OMLE, which was operating from exile, had been formed through a split in the Communist Party of Spain (PCE) in the 1968. Following the famous revolts in Paris in 1968, certain groups of leftist Spanish exiles were disappointed with the staunchly pro-Soviet and “frozen” stance of the Spanish Communist Party, the PCE and its leader Santiago Carrillo. This led in September of the same year to the foundation of the Organización de Marxistas Leninistas Españoles (OMLE) (Organization of Spanish Marxist-Leninists) in Brussels.
Communist Party of Spain (Reconstituted) | History
It was founded under the name Cuban Liberal Movement () in 2004. In 2009, the party changed its name to the current one. That same year it denounced an "increase of the repression against its members". On February 20, 2014, it merged with the Democratic Solidarity Party, adopting the name Cuban Liberal Solidarity Party (, PSLC).
National Liberal Party of Cuba | History
The 7th Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Cuba was elected by the Central Committee on 19 April 2016 following the 7th Congress.
Communist Party of Cuba | Politburo
The 6th Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Cuba was elected by the Central Committee on 19 April 2011 following the 6th Congress.
Communist Party of Cuba | Secretariat
The highest body within the PCC is the Party Congress, which convened every five years. When the Congress was not in session, the Central Committee was the highest body. Because the Central Committee met twice a year, most day-to-day duties and responsibilities are vested in the Politburo. Since April 2011, the First Secretary of the Central Committee has been Raúl Castro, younger brother of the previous First Secretary Fidel Castro, who died on 25 November 2016. The Second Secretary has been José Ramón Machado Ventura. After taking power in Cuba in 1959, the party began gradually to introduce Marxism–Leninism, a fusion of the original ideas of German philosopher and economic theorist Karl Marx, and Lenin, guided by Joseph Stalin became formalized as the party's guiding ideology and would remain so to this day.
Communist Party of Cuba | Introduction
The Communist Party of Fiume () was instituted in November 1921, after the proclamation of the Free State of Fiume created by the Treaty of Rapallo. The Communist Party of Fiume was the smallest Communist Party in the world at the time. It was founded following the principles of the Third International, according to which each sovereign State had to have its own Communist Party organization.
Communist Party of Fiume | Introduction
The Democratic Federal Republican Party of Santiago de Cuba () was a political party in eastern Cuba. The Organizing Committee of the party was founded on March 5, 1899. Members of the Organizing Committee included Dr. Joaquín Castillo Duany, Dr. Guillermo Fernández Mascaró, Luis Hechavarría, Emiliano Gómez, Lic. Aurelio Penabaz and Lino Dou Ayllón. The party supported the "Enmienda Platt". In 1900 the party merged into the Democratic Union Party, in opposition to the growing influence of the Cuban National Party.
Democratic Federal Republican Party of Santiago de Cuba | Introduction
The first well known Cuban communist was Pablo Lafargue, born in Santiago de Cuba in 1847. Lafargue went to Europe, became a disciple of Karl Marx, married one of Marx's daughters, became a very important member of the Socialist Internationals, and helped found the French Workers Party in 1882. Lafargue and his wife committed suicide. The original Cuban Communist Party seems to have arisen early in the 20th Century in the eastern town of Manzanillo.
Fabio Grobart | Grobart and the Communist Party of Cuba
The Spanish Communist Party (in ), was the first communist party in Spain, formed out of the Federación de Juventudes Socialistas (Federation of Socialist Youth, youth wing of Spanish Socialist Workers' Party). The founders of the party, that had belonged to leftwing within FJS, included Ramón Merino Gracia, Manuel Ugarte, Pedro Illescasm Luis Portela, Tiburicio Pico and Rito Estaban. Partido Comunista Español was formed on April 15, 1920. Its organ was called "El Comunista". Soon after its formation, on November 14, 1921, the party merged with Partido Comunista Obrero Español (Spanish Communist Workers' Party) and formed the Communist Party of Spain.
Spanish Communist Party | Introduction
The Socialist Workers Party (, POS), initially known as the Workers Party of Cuba (), was a political party in Cuba. The party published "La Voz Obrera". It was founded by a group of workers in Havana in 1904. In the party was joined by Carlos Baliños, who had formed the Socialist Propaganda Club 1903. Baliños became the leading figure of the party, and the name was changed to POS. The party also adopted a socialist programme. In November 1906 POS merged with the International Socialist Group, forming the Socialist Party of the Island of Cuba. "La Voz Obrera" was taken over by the new party as its organ.
Socialist Workers Party (Cuba) | Introduction
Communist Party (Marxist–Leninist) of Panama (in Spanish: "Partido Comunista (marxista-leninista) de Panamá"), a Maoist political party in Panamá. PC (ml)P was founded on January 9, 1980, by a group of militants of the Socialist Workers Front (marxist-leninist) (FOS (ml)). PC (ml)P published "Nueva Democracía" (New Democracy) between 1980-2001.
Communist Party (Marxist–Leninist) of Panama | Introduction
Cuba has had a socialist political system since 1959 based on the "one state – one party" principle. Cuba is constitutionally defined as a Marxist–Leninist socialist state guided in part by the political ideas of Karl Marx, one of the fathers of historical materialism, Friedrich Engels and Vladimir Lenin. Despite being regarded as a Communist state, the ideology of José Martí is what serves as the main source of influence in Cuban politics. The present Constitution, which was passed in a 2019 referendum, also describes the role of the Communist Party of Cuba to be the "leading force of society and of the state" and as such has the capability of setting national policy.
Politics of Cuba | Introduction
The Republic of Cuba is one of the world's last remaining socialist countries following the Marxist–Leninist ideology. The Constitution of 1976, which defined Cuba as a socialist republic, was replaced by the Constitution of 1992, which is "guided by the ideas of José Martí and the political and social ideas of Marx, Engels and Lenin." The constitution describes the Communist Party of Cuba as the "leading force of society and of the state". The First Secretary of the Communist Party is concurrently President of the Council of State (President of Cuba) and President of the Council of Ministers (sometimes referred to as Prime Minister of Cuba).
Cuba | Government and politics
Between 1933 –after the fallen of Gerardo Machado tyranny- and 1958, fallen of Fulgencio Batista dictatorship, could be quoted some data: February 22 of 1938, in a meeting presided by Lázaro Peña, it was constituted in Havana the Asociación de la Prensa Obrera de Cuba (Cuban Worker Press Association) which existed until 1948. Seven years after it was created it clustered more than 30 publications, with a monthly impression above 150,000 copies. In November's 1939 appeared the first number of the Revista CTC as organ of the Confederación de Trabajadores de Cuba (Cuban Worker Confederation), which constituent congress happened on January 28 of this year.
Trabajadores (newspaper) | In republican Cuba
The Young Communist League () was the youth wing of the Communist Party of Cuba. The LJC was founded in 1928. As of 1933, LJC was estimated to have around 5,000 members.
Young Communist League (Cuba, 1928) | Introduction
In 1976 a soviet-style constitution was adopted that centralized high leadership positions and consolidated power for the Communist Party of Cuba.
Grey years | Developments
The Popular Socialist Party (, PSP) was a communist party in Cuba. Originally called the Communist Party of Cuba (), it was formed in 1925 by a group including Blas Roca, Anibal Escalante, Fabio Grobart, Alfonso Bernal del Riesgo and Julio Antonio Mella, who acted as its leader until his assassination in Mexico in 1929. It was later renamed the "Communist Revolutionary Union". After the electoral victory of the Partido Auténtico in the 1944 elections, the party went into decline, and eventually adopted the name "Popular Socialist Party" for electoral reasons. In the 1944 general elections it formed an alliance with the Orthodox Party, but was defeated by the Auténtico-Republican alliance, winning only four seats in the House of Representatives.
Popular Socialist Party (Cuba) | Introduction
The Cuban Young Communist League came into existence along with the Communist Party of Cuba in 1965.
Young Communist League (Cuba) | History
Seemingly, Tejera had no links to this party as his signature did not figure amongst the signatures of the party program released on August 9, 1901. Tejera's efforts were later continued by the formation of the Socialist Propaganda Club, the Socialist Workers Party and the Socialist Party of Manzanillo.
People's Party (Cuba) | Introduction
Communist Party of Spain was founded in 1921 and as of 2017 is the third-largest political party in Spain. Communist Party of Spain may also refer to:
Communist Party of Spain (disambiguation) | Introduction
The Socialist Party of the Manzanillo () was a political party in Manzanillo, Cuba, formed in 1906. Agustín Martín Vélez, a tobacco worker and former anarchist, was the leader of the party. The party was Marxist in its orientation and was active in leading the "Federación Obrera de Manzanillo" trade union movement. Some of the leaders of the party later became active in the Communist Party of Cuba.
Socialist Party of Manzanillo | Introduction
The Cuban National Party () was a political party in Cuba. At the very beginning of the 20th century, it was one of the three main political parties on the island. The party favoured independence for Cuba.
Cuban National Party | Introduction
They went on to win five seats in the 1946 mid-term elections. In the 1948 general election the party put forward Juan Marinello as its presidential candidate. Whilst he finished fourth, the party won five seats in the House elections. They won four in the 1950 mid-term elections.
Popular Socialist Party (Cuba) | Introduction
The International Communist Party holds that the doctrine of the party is founded on the principles of the historical materialism of the critical communism set out by Marx and Engels in the "Communist Manifesto", "Capital", and their other fundamental works and which formed the basis of the Communist International constituted in 1919 and of the Italian Communist Party founded at Leghorn in 1921 as a section of the Communist International and was a unitary and invariant body. The class party is accepted as the indispensable organ for the proletarian revolutionary struggle. It has always held that the party must historically get rid, once and for all, of the practice of alliances, even for transitory issues, with the middle class as well as with the pseudo-proletarian and reformist parties.
International Communist Party | On Marxist theory
The communist movement was founded in 1933 by populist leader Jorge Eliécer Gaitán after he broke with the Liberal Party. In 1935, Gaitan decided to rejoin the Liberals, and disbanded the National Leftist Revolutionary Union in the same year.
National Leftist Revolutionary Union | History
The Democratic Socialist Coalition (, CSD) was a Cuban political coalition, led by Fulgencio Batista. The party was founded in 1939, and served for the 1940 general elections, won by Batista. The founding parties and members were four: the Liberal Party (liberal), the Nationalist Union Party (conservative), the Communist Revolutionary Union (communist), and the Democratic National Association (conservative). The Coalition won 36 of 162 Deputies, against the 45 of Opposition Front. In the 1944 election, the coalition supported the presidential candidacy of Carlos Saladrigas Zayas as President and Ramón Zaydín as Vice President. However, the election was won by Ramón Grau San Martín.
Democratic Socialist Coalition | Introduction
The party was refounded in 1940 under the leadership of Ermenegildo Gasperoni (1906-1994).
Sammarinese Communist Party | Establishment
The Communist Party of Argentina (, also simply known as "PC") is a communist party in Argentina. It was founded on January 6, 1918 initially with the name International Socialist Party after the break with the Socialist Party and in adherence to the Revolution of October and the Third Leninist International. From its origin it maintained an almost automatic alignment with the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, which generated friction with the rest of the national left, which accused the party of struggling more for the geopolitical interests of the Soviet Union than for the effective emergence of a communist revolution in Argentina.
Communist Party of Argentina | Introduction
The modern party, named National Liberal Party of Cuba, was founded in 2004. It is a member of Liberal International.
Liberal Party of Cuba | Successor
Revolutionary Communist Party () was a pro-China communist party in Chile founded in 1966. The founders of PCR belonged to ESPARTACO (led by the Valparaíso senator Jaime Barros Pérez Cotapos), a group that had been expelled from the Communist Party of Chile (PCCh), and Revolutionary Communist Union, another splinter group of PCCh. PCR was led by Jorge Palacios and David Benquis. PCR published "El Pueblo" and "Causa Marxista-Leninista". PCR dissolved in internal strife. One section would refound itself as the Communist Organization Recabarren in 1985.
Revolutionary Communist Party (Chile) | Introduction
7, 1955, BRAC agents fired upon an anti-Batista demonstration held by the Federation of University of Students in Havana. Several demonstrators, including Camilo Cienfuegos, were wounded when the police opened fire on the crowd.
Bureau for the Repression of Communist Activities | Introduction
The Progressive Action Party (, PAP) was a Cuban political party led by Fulgencio Batista. The party was founded in 1949, after the 1948 general elections, under the name of Unitary Action Party (, PAU). In 1952, certain to lose the election, Batista made a coup d'etat by seizing the Presidency. The party also ran in the elections of 1954 and 1958, winning always due to the early withdrawal of opponents, as well as of the strong electoral fraud. The party was based on a combination of strong conservatism and economic liberalism on a large scale, to attract American capital in Cuba.
Progressive Action Party | Introduction
Organization of Communist Left (in Spanish: "Organización de Izquierda Comunista", in Basque: "Ezker Komunista Erakundea", in Catalan: "Organització d'Esquerra Comunista", in Galician: "Organización de Esquerda Comunista", OIC) was a communist political party in Spain founded in 1974. The OIC was a continuation of the existing Communist Workers Circles (COC), whose roots were in the Workers' Front of Catalonia (FOC), the Catalan version of the People's Liberation Front (FLP or FELIPE).
Organization of Communist Left | Introduction
The People's Labour Party () was a short-lived political party in Cuba. It appeared in public with its programme in August 1901. The party was a continuation of the People's Party of Diego Vicente Tejera. However, it appears that Diego Vicente Tejera had no links to the People's Labour Party.
People's Labour Party (Cuba) | Introduction
The party emerged from a split in the Communist Party of Argentina in 1967. On January 6, 1968 (the 50th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party) the dissidents formed the Communist Party – National Revolutionary Recovery Committee (, abbreviated PC(CNRR)). The founders of PC(CNRR) came mainly from the Communist Youth Federation (FJC), although the group also included some Communist Party cadres. Leaders of PC(CNRR) included Jorge Rocha, Carlos Echagüe, Lucila Irene Edelman, Ricardo Helman, José Ratzer, Antonio Sofía and Otto C. Vargas (veteran leader of FJC and erstwhile secretary of La Plata Zone Committee of the Communist Party).
Revolutionary Communist Party of Argentina | Beginnings as PC(CNRR)
Fabio Grobart was long considered “… maybe the highest ranking representative of the Third International in Cuba in that moment”. However, Grobart's importance in founding the Cuban communist party was recognized by Fidel Castro, the Rand thinktank, and Jewish history experts such as Moisés Asís, who states “By 1925, there were 8,000 Jews in Cuba (some 2,700 sephardic, 5,200 ashkenazic, and 100 Americans). Four ashkenazic Jews were in the small group that founded the first Communist Party of Cuba in 1925: Grimberg, Vasserman, Simjovich a.k.a. Grobart, and Gurbich. They opposed the religious and community life of the other Jews.” It has been claimed that Grobart recruited Fidel Castro as an agent in 1948 Although the party Grobart helped found was not the first Cuban communist party, it is considered as such by the present Cuban government.
Fabio Grobart | Grobart and the Communist Party of Cuba
The Dominican Communist Party () was a political party in the Dominican Republic. The party was founded in 1944 under the name Dominican Revolutionary Democratic Party. The party worked under the name Dominican Popular Socialist Party from 1946 to 1965. In August 1965 the name was again changed, to Dominican Communist Party. The party worked in illegality during extended periods. It was banned in 1947 was outlawed, and was subjected to brutal repression which resulted in the loss of several prominent figures. The killed party cadres included one of the founders of the party, F. Valdez. In June 1955 the party held a conference, which took the nature of the party congress.
Dominican Communist Party | Introduction
The party was founded in March 1996. On 19 April 1996, the Bucharest District Court dismissed Ungureanu's application to register the party, holding that the party's announced intent to establish a "humane State" founded on communist doctrine, implied that the post-1989 Romanian constitutional and legal order was, in the later words of the European Court of Human Rights "inhumane and not based on genuine democracy". The court's decision was upheld 28 August 1996 by the Bucharest Court of Appeal, but was overturned by the European Court of Human Rights under Article 11 of the European Convention on Human Rights, and the party was registered 31 July 2006.
Communist Party (Nepeceriști) | History
The Cuban National League () was a political party in Cuba. The league was one of two political groupings (the other one being the Cuban National Party) that emerged from the "Junta Patriótica" in Havana in March 1899. The league was formally founded at a meeting at the Club Antillano de La Habana towards the end of March 1899. The meeting was chaired by Fidel G. Pierra. Other founders of the league were Cosme de la Torriente, Carlos García Vélez, Emilio del Junco Pujadas, Esteban Borrero Echevarría, Miguel F. Viondi, Antonio Mesa Domínguez and Antonio Martín Rivero. The objectives of the league were national independence, decentralization of power to the provinces and the establishment of a Democratic Republican Government.
Cuban National League | Introduction
The party was formed in October/November 1942 by Mustafa Fateh, an economist who was close to the Tudeh Party of Iran but who disliked the close relationship which that party had with the Soviet Union. Fateh, who had been an important figure in the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company edited the Tudeh paper "Mardom" for a time before establishing his own journal, "Emruz va Farda". Abbas Narraqi, another founding member had been one of 53 men imprisoned in 1937 on charges of conspiring to lead a communist revolution.
Comrades Party | Establishment
Workers' Party of Spain–Communist Unity (in Spanish: "Partido de los Trabajadores de España–Unidad Comunista") was a communist political party in Spain, founded by Santiago Carrillo and his followers after their expulsion from the Communist Party of Spain (PCE) in October 1985.
Workers' Party of Spain–Communist Unity | Introduction
As a result of the workers' mobilizations of October 17, 1945 against the dismissal and detention of Juan Domingo Perón, within the party there were questions to the political line of the same and to the leadership headed by Codovilla and in the National Conference of December of that year, Rodolfo Puiggrós openly expressed criticism and demanded to find practical agreements with Perón around the defense of the interests of the workers and the fight against imperialism. In the elections of 1946 the Communist Party was part of the Democratic Union, opposed to Peronism. Puiggrós was expelled in 1947 and founded the Communist Workers Movement together with some communist syndicalists supporters of the alliance with Peronism.
Communist Party of Argentina | From Peronism to the 1976 dictatorship
Consolidating "Socialist Cuba", Castro united the MR-26-7, Popular Socialist Party and Revolutionary Directorate into a governing party based on the Leninist principle of democratic centralism: the Integrated Revolutionary Organizations ("Organizaciones Revolucionarias Integradas" - ORI), renamed the United Party of the Cuban Socialist Revolution (PURSC) in 1962. Although the USSR was hesitant regarding Castro's embrace of socialism, relations with the Soviets deepened. Castro sent Fidelito for a Moscow schooling and while the first Soviet technicians arrived in June Castro was awarded the Lenin Peace Prize. In December 1961, Castro proclaimed himself a Marxist-Leninist, and in his Second Declaration of Havana he called on Latin America to rise up in revolution.
Cuba under Fidel Castro | The Bay of Pigs Invasion and embracing socialism: 1961–62
The party was formed as Communist Party of the Argentine Region ("Partido Comunista de la Región Argentina"), founded after a split in the Communist Party of Argentina. Penelon and his followers were expelled from the Communist Party in 1927. The Penelon group began publishing "Adelante" ('Forward') in that year. The Communist Party of the Argentine Region was founded in January 1928. Most of the cadres of the Communist Youth Federation sided with Penelon in the split. Penelon also won over a large chunk of the Workers Sport Federation. Penelon's followers labelled people the Communist Party as 'radishes' (red on the outside, white on the inside) and those from the Workers Communist Party as 'police agents'.
Labour Gathering Party | The split
In the 1950s, various organizations, including some advocating armed uprising, competed for public support in bringing about political change. In 1956, Fidel Castro and about 80 supporters landed from the yacht "Granma" in an attempt to start a rebellion against the Batista government. It was not until 1958 that Castro's July 26th Movement emerged as the leading revolutionary group. By late 1958 the rebels had broken out of the Sierra Maestra and launched a general popular insurrection. After Castro's fighters captured Santa Clara, Batista fled with his family to the Dominican Republic on 1 January 1959. Later he went into exile on the Portuguese island of Madeira and finally settled in Estoril, near Lisbon.
Cuba | Revolution and Communist party rule (1959–present)
The Revolutionary Party of the Proletariat (Spanish: "Partido Revolucionario del Proletariado") was a communist political party in Mexico, founded in March 1964 by members of the 'Antonio Gramsci' cell who were expelled from the Bolshevik Communist Party. It was led by Guillermo Rousset Banda.
Revolutionary Party of the Proletariat | Introduction
Before the Cuban Revolution of 1959, students joined different organizations, aligning themselves directly or indirectly with some political party. The strongest of all these organisations was the FEU (Federación Estudiantíl Universitaria or University Students Federation) created by Julio Antonio Mella, a co-founder of the Cuban Communist Party in the 1920s. The European revolutionary tradition of college-based political activism that was practiced in Cuba and in many other Latin American countries and the alleged corruption of Cuban political parties at the time turned the FEU, a stronghold of communist ideology, into the most influential of Cuban political organizations before 1959. It was a major participant in the overthrowing of Cuban President Gerardo Machado.
University of Havana | Student organizations
The party pursued state socialism, under which all industries were nationalized, and a command economy was implemented throughout Cuba despite the long-term embargo by the United States. The PCC also supports Castroism and Guevarism and is a member of the International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties.
Communist Party of Cuba | Introduction
The Communist Party of Cuba held its first party Congress in 1975 and has had additional congresses in 1980, 1986, 1991, 1997 and 2011. The Seventh Congress took place from 19 April to 22 April 2016, around the 55th anniversary of the Bay of Pigs Invasion, concluding with remarks by Fidel Castro. The Eighth Congress is scheduled to take place 16 to 19 April 2021.
Communist Party of Cuba | Congresses
After that, they dissolved and formed the Movement for the Communist Workers' Party.
Marco Ferrando | Introduction
PCP(M-L) was founded in 1970. It published "Unidade Popular".In May 1974 Eduíno Vilar (real name Heduíno Gomes) was expelled. He set up his own PCP(m-l). Like the main PCP(M-L), Vilar's PCP(M-L) had a publication titled "Unidade Popular". In 1974 a splinter group broke away from the party, forming the Popular Unity Party. At the time of the 1976 elections PCP(M-L) launched the slogan "For Independence, For Democracy, For Social Progress! - Vote for the lists presented by PCP(m-l)!" ("Pela independência pela democracia, pelo progresso social! - vota nas listas apresentadas pelo PCP (m-l)!")
Communist Party of Portugal (Marxist–Leninist) | History
The Communist Party of Chile () is a Chilean political party. It was founded in 1922, as the continuation of the Socialist Workers Party, and in 1932 it established its youth wing, the Communist Youth of Chile ("Juventudes Comunistas de Chile" [abbr:JJ.CC]).
Communist Party of Chile | Introduction
The was a political party in Japan. The party, which called for immediate revolution in Japan, is not recognized by the present-day Japanese Communist Party as its predecessor. However, several former members of the party took part in the founding of the Japanese Communist Party in 1922.
Enlightened People's Communist Party | Introduction
The 6th Congress of the Communist Party of Cuba, the governing political party of Cuba, took place on April 16 – 19, 2011, in Havana at the . The main focus of the congress was to introduce economic, social, and political reforms in order to modernize the country's socialist system. The Congress also elected Raúl Castro as First Secretary, the position vacant since Fidel Castro's stepping down in 2006.
6th Congress of the Communist Party of Cuba | Introduction
Partido Comunista Obrero Español (PCOE, "Spanish Communist Workers' Party") is a minor communist political party in Spain. It was founded in 1973, when Enrique Líster (a Republican general in the Spanish Civil War) revolted against the Eurocommunist line of Communist Party of Spain (PCE) general secretary Santiago Carrillo. The party published "Unidad y Lucha".
Spanish Communist Workers' Party (1973) | Introduction
The demand was issued just two hours before the closure of the registration offices for the elections. Needless to say, the party failed to produce such a register in such a short time-span and could not contest. Tejera denounced the action of the government as electoral fraud in an article in "La Discusión" on June 18, 1901. Tejera died on November 5, 1903. The two short-lived parties he had launched, the Cuban Socialist Party and the People's Party, were the first attempts to build working class parties in Cuba. In August 1901, a People's Labour Party appeared as a continuation of the People's Party.
People's Party (Cuba) | Introduction
The Liberal Party of Cuba (), was one of the major political parties in Cuba from 1910 until the Cuban Revolution in the late 1950s, when it was exiled.
Liberal Party of Cuba | Introduction
The Cuban Popular Party was a political party in Cuba which participated between 1920 and 1938 in political elections. In the 1932 Cuban parliamentary election they won 6 of 69 seats up for election in the House of Representatives.
Cuban Popular Party | Introduction
The party announced its programme towards the end of January 1900. The programme called for the formation of a decentralized state with provincial autonomy. On February 25, 1900, a meeting was held in Santiago de Cuba. The meeting had been called by the newspaper "El Cubano Libre". The meeting formed a group, "Convención", which was to contest municipal elections in the city. The Executive of the group was made up by General Francisco Sánchez Echevarría, Eduardo Yero Buduén, Antonio Bravo Correoso, Alberto Quintana, Desidero Fajardo Ortíz and Gregorio Muria. The group merged into the Federal Republican Party of Las Villas, but retained its own political identity.
Federal Republican Party of Las Villas | Origins
The party announced its program on April 3, 1900. The party declared its willingness to help the U.S. occupation government during the transitory phase of military occupation, in line with the Joint Resolution of April 19, 1898. Furthermore, the program stated its goal of the formation of a sovereign national state with autonomies for provinces, regions and municipalities. Ahead of the September 1900 elections to the Constituent Assembly, the party formed the 'Democratic Republican Coalition' together with the Democratic Union Party. The coalition was formed in order counter the growing influence of the Cuban National Party. By not dividing their votes on two separate candidatures, the Republicans of Havana and the Democratic Union Party hoped to be able to win over the Cuban National Party.
Republican Party of Havana | Overview
PC(CNRR) published "Nueva Hora". PC(CNRR) rejected the Communist Party line of building a broad democratic front, accusing the Communist Party of 'conciliation with imperialism' and 'class conciliation'. In contrast to the democratic front line of the old party, PC(CNRR) called for the building of a national liberation front. PC(CNRR) sought to work within the Communist Party, to gain followers amongst its ranks. PC(CNRR) was active inside the Argentine University Federation (FUA). In late 1967 the Communist Party dissidents (that soon would form PC(CNRR)) set up the Textile Organizational and Struggle Command (COLT) as its front group amongst textile workers. On January 10, 1969 the name PCR was adopted, marking a definite break with the old Communist Party.
Revolutionary Communist Party of Argentina | Beginnings as PC(CNRR)
The Movement fought the Batista regime on both rural and urban fronts. The movement's main objectives were distribution of land to peasants, nationalization of public services, industrialization, honest elections, and large scale education reform. In July 1961, the 26th of July Movement was one of the parties that integrated into the Organizaciones Revolucionarias Integradas (ORI) of the Integrated Revolutionary Organization (IRO) as well as the Popular Socialist Party and the March 13 Revolutionary Directory. On March 26, 1962, the party dissolved to form the Partido Unido de la Revolución Socialista de Cuba (PURSC) or the United Party of the Socialist Revolution of Cuba (UPSRC), which held a communist ideology.
26th of July Movement | Introduction
Founded as the Autonomist Liberal Party (, PLA), in 1878 and renamed in 1898, the party first contested elections in 1910, when it won 23 of the 41 seats in mid-term elections. They lost the 1912 elections to the Conjunción Patriótica alliance, and went on to finish second in elections in 1914, 1916 (in which they won the same number of seats in the House of Representatives as the National Conservative Party, but won fewer seats in the Senate) and 1918. In the 1920 elections, the Liberal Party's Alfredo Zayas y Alfonso won the presidential election, although the party lost the parliamentary elections to the National League.
Liberal Party of Cuba | Liberal governments
He was imprisoned several times because of his articles. In 1914, he returned to Asturias, where he edited "La Aurora Social". He was arrested in 1917 for his participation in the revolutionary strike of that year. In 1921, as a delegate of the Asturian Socialist Federation, he participated in the Socialist Congress of Madrid. There, along with other supporters of the Third International, he founded the Communist Party of Spain.
Isidoro Acevedo (communist) | Introduction
The PCE(m-l) party was formed by communists dissatisfied that the Communist Party of Spain, under the leadership of Santiago Carrillo, had abandoned the armed struggle in 1964. It remained small throughout its existence and in 1968 it shrunk further when a sector of its militants abandoned the party to join the Organisation of Marxist–Leninists of Spain. In January 1971, at the time when the need was felt to renew the fight against the Francoist rule of Spain, the then Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist), together with the Spanish National Liberation Front "(FELN)" and "Vanguardia Socialista", took part in the foundation of the Revolutionary and Patriotic Antifascist Front "(FRAP)" at a meeting in Paris held in a house owned by American writer Arthur Miller.
Communist Party of Spain (Marxist–Leninist) (historical) | History
The Communist Left () was a political party in Chile. The party was founded by Senator Manuel Hidalgo in 1931, as a split from the Communist Party of Chile. The organization organized various illegal trade unions. In 1937 the party merged into the Socialist Party.
Communist Left (Chile) | Introduction
Communist Workers' Party of Catalonia () is a communist party in Catalonia. The party was founded in 1973 as a split from Partit Socialista Unificat de Catalunya as the Catalan branch of the Spanish Communist Workers' Party (PCOE), and was legalized on 28 October 1977. In 2000, it became a part of the Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain. The central organ of PCOC was "Endavant!", which was published monthly 1974-1999. The party's general secretary was Albert Farrán.
Communist Workers' Party of Catalonia | Introduction
After several meetings at various Labor Union offices, and with the aid of the Comintern, this desire culminated in the foundation of the Portuguese Communist Party as the Portuguese Section of the Communist International (Comintern), on 6 March 1921. Soon after, the party's first youth organization, the Communist Youths (Portuguese: "Juventudes Comunistas") was created.
History of the Portuguese Communist Party | Origins and foundation
Founded on 23 August 1963 with the intention of forming a nationalist and social democratic party in Galiza, subsequently radicalized its positions, approaching the communist Galician People's Union (UPG). Among its founders stand out Mario Orxajes Pita, Salvador Rei, Salvador García Bodaño, Xosé Luís Rodríguez Pardo, Cesáreo Saco, Manuel Caamaño and Ramón Piñeiro, that created the party in a clandestine meeting. The new party attracted former members of the Partido Galeguista as Francisco Fernández del Riego, who was elected party president, Luis Viñas Cortegoso, Amado Losada, Domingo Pombo and young influenced by Ramón Piñeiro like Xosé Manuel Beiras or Ramón Lugrís.
Galician Socialist Party (1963) | Foundation
Before the 1960 mid-term elections, it banned the Communist Party of Argentina and other parties and groups on the far left. It was used to justify surveillance and arrests during the 1961 Bay of Pigs Invasion crisis, when Communist elements and radical leftists within his own coalition began demanding action in support of Cuba.
Arturo Frondizi | Conclusion
The International Socialist Group () was a political organization in Cuba, formed in 1905 by émigré Spanish socialists who were followers of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE). In November 1906 the group merged with the Socialist Workers Party, forming the Socialist Party of the Island of Cuba.
International Socialist Group (Cuba) | Introduction
The Independent Republican Party () was a political party in Cuba, led by Juan Gualberto Gómez. It was formed around 1900, after splits in the Republican parties in Havana, Matanzas and Las Villas. The split was caused by the opposition of the Republican parties to Gualberto Gómez's radical position against the Platt Amendment. The Independent Republican Party supported Gualberto Gómez's position on the issue.
Independent Republican Party (Cuba) | Introduction
Information on congresses, number of delegates, number of people elected to CCs, party membership, the individual who presented the Political Report and information on when the congress was convened can be found in these sources:
Congress of the Communist Party of Cuba | General
The National Conservative Party was a political party in Cuba. Between 1908 and 1932 the party participated in the national elections and won in the 1932 Cuban parliamentary election 25 of 69 seats.
National Conservative Party (Cuba) | Introduction
The statues and programmes of the party were edited by a commission consisting of Cristóbal de la Guardia, Joaquín Alba and Manuel Cendoya. It raised demands such as 8-hour working day, racial equality and the right to form trade unions. However the party failed to make any significant political breakthrough. The party decided to support the presidential candidature of Bartolomé Masó in the 1901 elections.
People's Labour Party (Cuba) | Overview
The National Liberal Party of Cuba (, PLNC) was a political party of Cuba, founded in 2004 and dissolved in 2014.
National Liberal Party of Cuba | Introduction
The speech also addressed the need for political reforms, including the suggestion to limit those holding high political offices to two five-year terms in order to rejuvenate the country's institutions. On April 17 – 18, 997 delegates, representing some 800,000 party members, divided into five commissions, debated on the Draft Economic and Social Guidelines and approved the Central Report.
6th Congress of the Communist Party of Cuba | Organization
The Democratic Social-Revolutionary Party of Cuba ("Partido Social-Revolucionario Democrático de Cuba") is a democratic socialist political party in Cuba. Although changes to the Cuban constitution in 1992 decriminalized the right to form political parties other than the Communist Party of Cuba, no parties are permitted to campaign or engage in public political activities on the island. Public engagements by party members are typically restricted to international gatherings of democratic socialist groups. The main political aims of the "PSRDC" are to persuade the Cuban government to declare a political amnesty and to reinstall a sovereign National Constituent Assembly which the party believes was abandoned following Fulgencio Batista's coup d'état in 1952.
Democratic Social-Revolutionary Party of Cuba | Introduction
The Spanish Communist Workers' Party ("Partido Comunista Obrero Español") was a communist party founded on April 13, 1921 by the "terceristas", including Virginia González Polo, Daniel Anguiano, Eduardo Torralba Beci, Manuel Núñez Arenas, Luis Mancebo and Evaristo Gil, who had been trying to persuade the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) to join the Comintern. When the PSOE Congress voted to join the Vienna International and refused Bolshevism, the "terceristas" broke away. A new Communist Party of Spain was founded on November 14, 1921 through an act of merger of Partido Comunista Español and Partido Comunista Obrero Español. The unified PCE soon adhered to the Comintern.
Spanish Communist Workers' Party (1921) | Introduction
However, the impossibility of worker journals to race with the self-called “great press” or “serious press” (which belonged to American partnerships, bourgeois and Cuban politicians) in the first two decades of past century anarchistic groups edited Tierra y Bandera Social, the Liga of Trabajadores Cubanos (Cuban Workers League) had in Alerta, their official newspaper; La Voz Obrera became in spokesman of the Partido Socialista de Cuba (Socialist Cuban Party), y Lucha de Clases, in 1924, with biweekly edition and directed by Carlos Baliño, was the first Cuban Marxism-Leninism newspaper. Years later there was Juventud Obrera (1929), that reach five years of life, so others like El Trabajador y Bandera Roja, both belonging to Communist Party.
Trabajadores (newspaper) | In republican Cuba
The party, then under the name Communist Party of Guatemala ("Partido Comunista de Guatemala") held its constituent first congress on September 28, 1949. It was founded by the Guatemalan Democratic Vanguard, which had functioned as a fraction within the ruling Revolutionary Action Party for two years. José Manuel Fortuny had been the leader of VDG, and now became general secretary of PCG. At the time of the congress of the party, its membership stood at 43. An earlier Communist Party of Guatemala had been founded in 1922, but was suppressed in 1932. In June 1950 PCG started publishing a weekly newspaper, "Octubre", which was distributed amongst workers, peasants and intellectuals throughout the country.
Guatemalan Party of Labour | First Congress