, born Patrick Lafcadio Hearn (; ), was a Japanese writer of Greek-Irish descent. He is best remembered for his books about Japanese culture, especially his collections of legends and ghost stories, such as "". In the United States, he is also known for his writings about New Orleans, based on his decade-long stay there. Hearn was born on the Greek island of Lefkada to a Greek mother and an Irish father, after which a complex series of conflicts and events led to him being moved to Dublin, where he was abandoned first by his mother, then his father, and finally by his father's aunt (who had been appointed his official guardian).
Introduction
Lafcadio Hearn
Lafcadio Hearn | Introduction
Japanese writer He was a Japanese writer of Greek-Irish descent He was a Japanese writer of Greek-Irish descent. He was a Japanese writer of Greek-Irish descent
what are the life stages of a dragonfly
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Dragonflies are hemimetabolous insects; they do not have a pupal stage and undergo an incomplete metamorphosis with a series of nymphal stages from which the adult emerges.
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what are they ?
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It is an insect belonging to the order Odonata, infraorder Anisoptera.
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any conservation efforts to protect it ?
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In 1997, the International Union for Conservation of Nature set up a status survey and conservation action plan for dragonflies.
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talk about their coloration ?
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It is often a combination of yellow, red, brown, and black pigments, with structural colours.
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what are its behavior patterns ?
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Many dragonflies, particularly males, are territorial. Some defend a territory against others of their own species, some against other species of dragonfly and a few against insects in unrelated groups.
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what about its sex ratios ?
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The sex ratio of male to female dragonflies varies both temporally and spatially.
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what are their flight speeds ?
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It can travel at 100 body-lengths per second in forward flight, and three lengths per second backwards.
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what are their cultural references ?
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Many Native American tribes consider dragonflies to be medicine animals that had special powers.
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how are they described in poetry and literature ?
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Lafcadio Hearn wrote in his 1901 book "A Japanese Miscellany" that Japanese poets had created dragonfly "haiku" "almost as numerous as are the dragonflies themselves in the early autumn."
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who is this person ?
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The poet W. B. Yeats wrote "The Lake Isle of Innisfree" (1888) with the honey bee couplet "Nine bean rows will I have there, a hive for the honey bee, / And live alone in the bee loud glade", while he was living in Bedford Park, London. Lafcadio Hearn wrote in his 1901 book "A Japanese Miscellany" that Japanese poets had created dragonfly "haiku" "almost as numerous as are the dragonflies themselves in the early autumn." The poet Matsuo Bashō (1644–1694) wrote "haiku" such as "Crimson pepper pod / add two pairs of wings, and look / darting dragonfly", relating the autumn season to the dragonfly.
Insects in literature | Harmony with nature
Lafcadio Hearn wrote in his 1901 book "A Japanese Miscellany" that Japanese poets had created dragonfly "haiku" "almost as numerous as are the dragonflies themselves in the early autumn." The poet Matsuo Bashō (1644–1694) wrote "haiku" such as "Crimson pepper pod / add two pairs of wings, and look / darting dragonfly", relating the autumn season to the dragonfly. Hori Bakusui (1718–1783) similarly wrote "Dyed he is with the / Colour of autumnal days, / O red dragonfly." The poet Lord Tennyson, described a dragonfly splitting its old skin and emerging shining metallic blue like "sapphire mail" in his 1842 poem "The Two Voices", with the lines "An inner impulse rent the veil / Of his old husk: from head to tail / Came out clear plates of sapphire mail." The novelist H.
Dragonfly | In poetry and literature
In the traditional Navajo religion, Big Fly is an important spirit being. Lafcadio Hearn's essay "Butterflies" analyses the treatment of the butterfly in Japanese literature, both prose and poetry. He notes that these often allude to Chinese tales, such as of the young woman that the butterflies took to be a flower. Among the brief 17-syllable Japanese Haiku poems about butterflies, of which he translates 22, one by the Haiku master Matsuo Bashō is said to suggest happiness in springtime: "Wake up! Wake up!—I will make thee my comrade, thou sleeping butterfly." Another compares the butterfly's shape to a Japanese silk upper-dress, the "haori", "being taken off".
Insects in literature | The spirit world
H. G. Wells introduced giant wasps in his 1904 novel "The Food of the Gods and How It Came to Earth", making use of the newly discovered growth hormones to lend plausibility to his science fiction. Lafcadio Hearn's essay "Butterflies" analyses the treatment of the butterfly in Japanese literature, both prose and poetry. He notes that these often allude to Chinese tales, such as of the young woman that the butterflies took to be a flower. He translates 22 Japanese haiku poems about butterflies, including one by the haiku master Matsuo Bashō, said to suggest happiness in springtime: "Wake up! Wake up!—I will make thee my comrade, thou sleeping butterfly." The novelist Vladimir Nabokov was the son of a professional lepidopterist, and was interested in butterflies himself.
Human interactions with insects | In literature and film
At the age of 19, he was put on a boat to the United States, where he found work as a newspaper reporter, first in Cincinnati and later in New Orleans. From there, he was sent as a correspondent to the French West Indies, where he stayed for two years, and then to Japan, where he would remain for the rest of his life. In Japan, Hearn married a Japanese woman with whom he had four children. His writings about Japan offered the Western world a glimpse into a largely unknown but fascinating culture at the time.
Lafcadio Hearn | Introduction
He became a Japanese citizen, assuming the name Koizumi Yakumo (taking his wife's surname as a legal name), in 1896 after accepting a teaching position in Tokyo. After having been Greek Orthodox, Roman Catholic, and, later on, Spencerian, he became Buddhist. During late 1891, Hearn obtained another teaching position in Kumamoto, at the Fifth Higher Middle School, where he spent the next three years and completed his book "Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan" (1894). In October 1894, he secured a journalism job with the English-language newspaper "Kobe Chronicle", and in 1896, with some assistance from Chamberlain, he began teaching English literature at Tokyo Imperial University, a job he had until 1903.
Lafcadio Hearn | Later life in Japan
A third says they look to be girls of "about seventeen or eighteen years old." Hearn retells, too, the old story of a man who dies after 50 years alone, having mourned his sweetheart Akiko daily all that time. As he dies, "a very large white butterfly entered the room, and perched upon the sick man's pillow." The man smiles in death. "Then it must have been Akiko!", says an old woman who knew him.
Insects in literature | The spirit world
, born Patrick Lafcadio Hearn (; ), was a Japanese writer of Greek-Irish descent. He is best remembered for his books about Japanese culture, especially his collections of legends and ghost stories, such as "". In the United States, he is also known for his writings about New Orleans, based on his decade-long stay there. Hearn was born on the Greek island of Lefkada to a Greek mother and an Irish father, after which a complex series of conflicts and events led to him being moved to Dublin, where he was abandoned first by his mother, then his father, and finally by his father's aunt (who had been appointed his official guardian).
Lafcadio Hearn | Introduction
The is a writer's house museum established in Matsue, Shimane Prefecture, Japan in 1933. Lafcadio Hearn lived in Matsue from August 1890 to November 1891, and the museum was built next to his former residence, itself designated an Historic Site in 1940. The original museum was modelled on the Goethe-Nationalmuseum in Weimar, but it was rebuilt in a more traditional Japanese style in 1984. The museum attracts around 150,000 visitors a year.
Lafcadio Hearn Memorial Museum | Introduction
In 1904, he was a professor at Waseda University. While in Japan he encountered the art of ju-jutsu which made a deep impression upon him: "Hearn, who encountered judo in Japan at the end of the nineteenth century, contemplated its concepts with the awed tones of an explorer staring about him in an extraordinary and undiscovered land. "What Western brain could have elaborated this strange teaching, never to oppose force by force, but only direct and utilize the power of attack; to overthrow the enemy solely through his own strength, to vanquish him solely by his own efforts? Surely none! The Western mind appears to work in straight lines; the Oriental, in wonderful curves and circles."
Lafcadio Hearn | Later life in Japan
His main intellectual activities consisted of visits to libraries and the British Museum.
Lafcadio Hearn | Catholic education and more abandonment
Hori Bakusui (1718–1783) similarly wrote "Dyed he is with the / Colour of autumnal days, / O red dragonfly." The poet Alfred, Lord Tennyson described a dragonfly splitting its old skin and emerging shining metallic blue like "sapphire mail" in his 1842 poem "The Two Voices", with the lines "An inner impulse rent the veil / Of his old husk: from head to tail / Came out clear plates of sapphire mail."
Insects in literature | Harmony with nature
He is considered a 'maverick' writer within the field of Western studies on Edo-period poetry. He writes haiku in Japanese under the "haigō" (haikai pen-name) Keigu (敬愚:'Yours foolishly', an homophonous pun on 敬具:'Yours truly').
Robin D. Gill | Introduction
Mitsuhashi Takajo or Takajo Mitsuhashi (三橋 鷹女; born "Fumiko Matsuhashi" (三橋 たか) near Narita, Chiba on 24 January 1899; died 7 April 1972) was a haiku poet of the Shōwa period.
Mitsuhashi Takajo | Introduction
His "Hut of the Phantom Dwelling" can be classified as an essay while, in "Saga Nikki" ("Saga Diary"), he documents his day-to-day activities with his disciples on a summer retreat. Traditional "haibun" typically took the form of a short description of a place, person or object, or a diary of a journey or other series of events in the poet's life. "Haibun" continued to be written by later "haikai" poets such as Yosa Buson, Kobayashi Issa and Masaoka Shiki.
Haibun | History
According to Lafcadio Hearn, a butterfly was seen in Japan as the personification of a person's soul; whether they be living, dying, or already dead. If a butterfly enters your guestroom and perches behind the bamboo screen, it is said in Japan that the person whom you most love is coming to see you. Large numbers of butterflies are viewed as bad omens. When Taira no Masakado was secretly preparing for his famous revolt, there appeared in Kyoto so vast a swarm of butterflies that the people were frightened – thinking the apparition to be a portent of coming evil.
Insects in mythology | Transformations
Rofū Miki, composer of the folk melody "Akatombo" (The red dragonfly) and Fumito Ueda, director of Ico and Shadow of the Colossus were born in Tatsuno.
Tatsuno, Hyōgo | Famous people
Elio Lampridio Cervino or Cerva (, ; 1463–1520) was a Ragusan poet who wrote in Latin.
Elio Lampridio Cerva | Introduction
In Spain, several prominent poets experimented with haiku, including Joan Alcover, Antonio Machado, Juan Ramón Jiménez and Luis Cernuda. Federico García Lorca also experimented with and learned conciseness from the form while still a student in 1921. The most persistent, however, was Isaac del Vando, whose "La Sombrilla Japonesa" (1924) went through several editions. The form was also used in Catalan by the avant-garde writers Josep Maria Junoy (1885–1955) and Joan Salvat-Papasseit, by the latter notably in his sequence "Vibracions" (1921).
Haiku | Western literature
One of Henry Watkin's close friends was the Japanophile writer Lafcadio Hearn, who became famous in the late 19th century for his descriptions of Japanese culture and sensibility. The youngHearn arrived nearly penniless in Cincinnati in 1869 and barely survived by working odd jobs, sleeping in haylofts, and cutting his hunger pangs with opium. Later that year, after collapsing from exhaustion, he was dragged into Watkin's shop, where he finally got help. In the "Reminiscences" of Watkin's niece Hepsie Watkin Churchill, she speculates that Watkin's sympathy for the lad was in part motivated by Hearn's ruined eye, a handicap that Watkin shared.
Henry Watkin | Friendship with Lafcadio Hearn
) was a Japanese composer.
Ryōhei Hirose | Introduction
The is a creature that appears in "The Gratitude of the Samebito", a short story by Lafcadio Hearn. It is described as a shark-like humanoid with inky black skin, emerald green eyes, a face like a demon's and a beard like a dragon's.
Samebito | Introduction
In 1890, Hearn went to Japan with a commission as a newspaper correspondent, which was quickly terminated. It was in Japan, however, that he found a home and his greatest inspiration. Through the good will of Basil Hall Chamberlain, Hearn gained a teaching position during the summer of 1890 at the Shimane Prefectural Common Middle School and Normal School in Matsue, a town in western Japan on the coast of the Sea of Japan. The Lafcadio Hearn Memorial Museum and his old residence are still two of Matsue's most popular tourist attractions. During his fifteen-month stay in Matsue, Hearn married Koizumi Setsu, the daughter of a local samurai family, with whom he had four children.
Lafcadio Hearn | Later life in Japan
Where I show who I really am is in linking haikai verses." Bashō was introduced to poetry at a young age, and after integrating himself into the intellectual scene of Edo (modern Tokyo) he quickly became well known throughout Japan. He made a living as a teacher; but then renounced the social, urban life of the literary circles and was inclined to wander throughout the country, heading west, east, and far into the northern wilderness to gain inspiration for his writing. His poems were influenced by his firsthand experience of the world around him, often encapsulating the feeling of a scene in a few simple elements.
Matsuo Bashō | Introduction
One of Bakusui's poems, on the popular haiku theme of the dragonfly, runs: Another version on the same subject is
Hori Bakusui | Haiku
Vishnu Raj Atreya (; 10 November 1944 – July 18, 2020) was a Nepali writer and poet, who wrote in Nepali language, Sanskrit language and Awadhi language. He used the title "Latosaathi" () (meaning: mute friend) in his poetry works since 1963 A.D. He is considered to be the first person to start writing Haiku in Sanskrit language.
Vishnu Raj Atreya | Introduction
Tablada is recognized as among the originators of modern Mexican poetry and is credited with the introduction of haiku to his country. His collection "Un dia" (1919) contains 38 ‘synthetic poems’ and has been described as “the first book of original haiku written by a poet outside Japan”. It was followed by a collection of calligrams, "Li-Po y otros poemas" (1920), and in 1922 by "El jarro de flores", containing a further 68 haiku. His haiku are distinguished by their aesthetic quality, as for example in and by their humour: In 1921 his friend the composer Edgard Varèse incorporated an earlier piece by Tablada, "La Cruz del Sur", in his "Offrandes" (1921), and two years later dedicated his "Hyperprism" to the poet.
José Juan Tablada | Poetry
Hisashi Okuyama (born 1941 in Japan) is a Japanese poet who has lived in France since the 1970s.
Hisashi Okuyama | Introduction
• "Carmina Burana" (1991) • "Memorias de un esqueleto a la intemperie, viaje del año 1684", de Matsúo Basho (1995) • "La voz humana", de Jean Cocteau (2001)
Francisco Serrano (poet) | Translations
His poems gained such prizes as: Special Prize from "Modern Haiku Magazine" Cicada Prize from "Cicada, the Journal of Canadian Haiku Society" He has published his three-line and free-verse haiku poems in Frogpond, The official journal of the Haiku Society of America; Modern Haiku; Cicada; New Cicada; Bottlerocket (in press) ; Contemporary Haibun and others. Published “Free verse haibun” poetry, where the traditionally prose part of haibun is replaced with English free-verse. Okazaki Proposed “Haiku-Ballad Theory,” that defines classical haiku form as a tri-meter/ tetra-meter/ tri-meter iambic triplet ballad. Okazaki is an old member of the Haiku Society of America, and one of very few Japanese who writes and publishes English language poems overseas.
Tadao Okazaki | Poetry
His poetry, deeply influenced by the Symbolists as well as orientalist literature, includes 1904's "Drifting Flowers of the Sea and Other Poems", 1913's "My Rubaiyat" and 1915's "Japanese Rhythms". His works of criticism include "Shakespeare in Art" (1901) and "Japanese Art" (1904). During the 1910s, Hartmann let himself be crowned King of the Bohemians by Guido Bruno in New York's Greenwich Village. Hartmann wrote some of the earliest English language haiku.
Sadakichi Hartmann | Biography
Akegarasu's poem “Who am I?” concludes: I alone am the most noble: I embrace the cosmos. What an indescribable, subtle existence I am! - I cannot in speaking or writing put down who I am!
Akegarasu Haya | Writings
His advocacy, along with that of such poets as Marlene Mountain and Janice Bostok, of single-line haiku in English has initiated renewed interest in this form following its rare usage during the 20th century. His work also champions several innovative techniques (as cited by Richard Gilbert in "The Disjunctive Dragonfly" and in his book "Poems of Consciousness"). Kacian's own critical writings elaborate some of these aesthetic innovations.
Jim Kacian | Theorist
The series is set in a fictional island nation resembling feudal Japan and is her first work to reach an adult audience. The name 'Lian', comes from a childhood nickname and 'Hearn' apparently refers to herons which are a prominent theme in the series. It has also been suggested that the surname is most likely borrowed from Lafcadio Hearn; one of the first Western writers to tackle Japanese mythology.
Gillian Rubinstein | Introduction
In the late 19th century, Japan was still largely unknown and exotic to Westerners. However, with the introduction of Japanese aesthetics, particularly at the Paris Exposition Universelle of 1900, Japanese styles became fashionable in Western countries. Consequently, Hearn became known to the world by his writings concerning Japan. In later years, some critics would accuse Hearn of exoticizing Japan, but because he offered the West some of its first descriptions of pre-industrial and Meiji Era Japan, his work is generally regarded as having historical value. Admirers of Hearn's work have included Ben Hecht, John Erskine, and Malcolm Cowley. The Japanese director Masaki Kobayashi adapted four Hearn tales into his 1964 film, "Kwaidan".
Lafcadio Hearn | Legacy
Harvey specialized in poetry with meter and rhyme systems, lyrics for musical setting, and Japanese poetic forms tanka, senryu and haiku. Five books of his poetry have been published. In collaboration with composer Jerré Tanner he wrote librettos for seven operas, three of which are of notable historic interest ("The Garland of Kāne"-first opera based on Hawaiian culture; "The Singing Snails"-first Hawaiian opera for youth; "The Kona Coffee Cantata"-first recorded Hawaiian opera), three choral symphonies, song cycles, concert arias and art songs. His haiku have been published internationally, including in Japan. His collected papers are in Special Collections, Rod Library, University of Northern Iowa.
Harvey Hess | Biography
The term ""haibun"" was first used by the 17th-century Japanese poet Matsuo Bashō, in a letter to his disciple Kyorai in 1690. Bashō was a prominent early writer of "haibun", then a new genre combining classical prototypes, Chinese prose genres and vernacular subject matter and language. He wrote some "haibun" as travel accounts during his various journeys, the most famous of which is "Oku no Hosomichi" ("Narrow Road to the Interior"). Bashō's shorter "haibun" include compositions devoted to travel and others focusing on character sketches, landscape scenes, anecdotal vignettes and occasional writings written to honor a specific patron or event.
Haibun | History
"Dragonfly" (Pecan Grove Press, 1994) was Gotera's first poetry collection; critic Will Hochman called "Dragonfly" "a collection of poems that feels like a scalpel – in the book's cultural wingspan, Vince Gotera flies through Vietnam, rock and roll, terrorism and art with a voice that is iconoclastic, steely and real." Gotera's work has appeared in such literary magazines as "Ploughshares", "Caliban", "Amerasia", "The Kenyon Review", "The Asian Pacific American Journal", "Zone 3", and others, as well as in anthologies like "Contemporary Fiction by Filipinos in America", "Tilting the Continent: Southeast Asian American Writing", and "From Totems to Hip-Hop: A Multicultural Anthology of Poetry Across the Americas, 1900–2002".
Vince Gotera | Works
William J. Higginson (December 17, 1938 – October 11, 2008) was an American poet, translator and author most notable for his work with haiku and renku, born in New York City. He was one of the charter members of the Haiku Society of America, and was present at its formation meeting in 1968.
William J. Higginson | Introduction
The Five Men of the Pear Chamber (梨壺の五人 "Nashitsubo no gonin") are a group of Heian period Japanese poets and scholars who cooperated in the compilation of the Gosen Wakashū. They also compiled "kundoku" (訓読) readings for texts from the Man'yōshū. The group was composed of the following men:
Five Men of the Pear Chamber | Introduction
Leon Angelo Serafim (b. May 23, 1945) is an American academic. He is a Japanologist, linguistic historian and professor emeritus of the University of Hawaii. The widely accepted linguistics term "Japonic languages" was coined by Serafim to identify and characterise the Japanese which is spoken on the main islands of Japan and the Ryukyuan spoken on the island of Okinawa and the Ryukyu Islands.
Leon Serafim | Introduction
Original haiku masters included such figures as Edo period poet Matsuo Bashō (松尾芭蕉); others influenced by Bashō include Kobayashi Issa and Masaoka Shiki.
Asian literature | Classical Chinese and Japanese literature
Basil Hall Chamberlain (18 October 1850 – 15 February 1935) was a professor of Japanese at Tokyo Imperial University and one of the foremost British Japanologists active in Japan during the late 19th century. (Others included Ernest Satow and W. G. Aston.) He also wrote some of the earliest translations of haiku into English. He is perhaps best remembered for his informal and popular one-volume encyclopedia "Things Japanese", which first appeared in 1890 and which he revised several times thereafter. His interests were diverse, and his works include an anthology of poetry in French.
Basil Hall Chamberlain | Introduction
Leptogomphus yayeyamensis is a species of dragonfly in the family Gomphidae. It is endemic to Japan.
Leptogomphus yayeyamensis | Introduction
You come from Anwell. Go back there. THE NOTE TAKER [helpfully] Hanwell. THE SARCASTIC BYSTANDER [affecting great distinction of speech] Thenk you, teacher. Haw haw! So long [he touches his hat with mock respect and strolls off]. — "Pygmalion", George Bernard Shaw, 1912 A traveller describes his passage through the Lands of Dream:
Hanwell | In literature
Somatochlora uchidai is a species of dragonfly in the family Corduliidae. It is native to Japan, China and Russia. It was described in 1909 by German entomologist Friedrich Förster based on specimens from Japan; the name "uchidai" refers to the Japanese odonate researcher Uchidas from whom Förster received the specimens.
Somatochlora uchidai | Introduction
Nicholas Anthony Virgilio (June 28, 1928 – January 3, 1989) was an internationally recognized haiku poet who is credited with helping to popularize the Japanese style of poetry in the United States.
Nick Virgilio | Introduction
The Gawain Poet is unidentified. One suggestion is that the poem is attributable to John Massey, a member of the landed gentry from Cheshire. This attribution of the poems of Cotton Nero A.x is not widely accepted, however, reflected in continued use of the labels "Pearl Poet" or "Gawain Poet".
Gawain Poet | Introduction
This question is much more subtle than it initially appears.
Arthur Moritz Schoenflies | Introduction
"Haiku" originated as an opening part of a larger Japanese poem, known as a "renga". These "haiku" written as an opening stanza were known as "hokku" and eventually writers began to write them as their own stand-alone poems. "Haiku" was given its current name by the Japanese writer Masaoka Shiki at the end of the 19th century. Originally from Japan, "haiku" today are written by authors worldwide. Haiku in English and "haiku" in other languages have their own styles and traditions while still incorporating aspects of the traditional "haiku" form. are also said to increasingly vary from the tradition of 17 "on" or taking nature as their subject.
Haiku | Introduction
, a pseudonym of Tadao Masamune (March 3, 1879 – October 28, 1962) was a noted Japanese critic, novelist, and dramatist, and a leading member of the Japanese Naturalist school of literature. Masamune was born in Bizen, Okayama as the eldest son, where his birthplace is now a museum. In 1896 he joined the English department of the Tokyo Senmon Gakko (now Waseda University). He was baptized as a Christian by priest Uemura Masahisa in 1897. After graduation, he worked in the university's Publishing Department, then in 1903 began writing literary, art, and cultural criticism for the "Yomiuri Shinbun" newspaper.
Hakuchō Masamune | Introduction
Pavel Friedmann (January 7, 1921 – September 29, 1944) was a Jewish Czechoslovak poet who received posthumous fame for his poem "The Butterfly".
Pavel Friedmann | Introduction
P.1 "Haiku", 1961 P.2 "Escena I"*, 1962 P.3 "Paisaje en fluctuacion", 1962
Luis Zubillaga | List of compositions
Daniel Dölschner (born January 9, 1976, in Frankfurt am Main) is a German poet and Haiku-writer.
Daniel Dölschner | Introduction
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Poets are listed alphabetically by surname (or by widely known name, such as a pen name, with multiple names for the same poet listed separately if both are notable). Small groups of poets and articles on families of poets are listed separately, below, as are haiku masters (also in the main list). Years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article.
List of Japanese-language poets | Introduction
The Fountain of Youth is a Japanese fairy tale collected by Lafcadio Hearn in "Japanese Fairy Tales".
The Fountain of Youth (fairy tale) | Introduction
Fujiwara no Akiuji (藤原 顕氏) was a Japanese nobleman and "waka" poet of the Kamakura period.
Fujiwara no Akiuji | Introduction
After Tablada's death, Luis Sandi set ten of his haiku for voice and piano ("Diez hai-kais para canto y piano", 1947).
José Juan Tablada | Poetry
Hori Bakusui 堀麦水 (1718-1783) was a major Japanese poet of the Matsuo Bashō revival, writing traditional style haiku poems.
Hori Bakusui | Introduction
In 1874, Hearn and the young Henry Farny, later a renowned painter of the American West, wrote, illustrated, and published an 8-page weekly journal of art, literature and satire entitled "Ye Giglampz." The Cincinnati Public Library reprinted a facsimile of all nine issues in 1983. The work was considered by a twentieth century critic to be "Perhaps the most fascinating sustained project he undertook as an editor."
Lafcadio Hearn | Newspaper and literary work
Eighteen of the "Kaifūsō" poets, including Prince Ōtsu, also have poems in the later anthology of Japanese poetry, the "Man'yōshū".
Kaifūsō | Introduction
Tazuo Basho Yamaguchi is a Japanese-American poet and filmmaker, and a two-time national head-to-head haiku champion. He is also master of the English form of haiku and senryū. He has published four books of poetry, six recorded volumes, and produced the National Poetry Slam DVD from 2002 to 2007.
Tazuo Yamaguchi | Introduction
Cronin's first book of poetry, "Inside", was published in 1984 following his release from prison. Subsequent volumes include "Even the Dead" (1997) and "Inside and Out" (1999). His most recent collection, "More Than A Casual Contact", was published in 2006. Among his best known poems is "Motho Ke Motho Ka Batho Babang", whose title is taken from the Zulu aphorism "A person is a person because of other people".
Jeremy Cronin | Poetry
Jacopo da Leona, also spelt Iacopo (died 1277) was a medieval Italian jurist and poet. A notary by profession, he became a nobleman's secretary and later a judge. Sixty of his sonnets survive.
Jacopo da Leona | Introduction
Nobuo Suga (born December 17, 1933) is a Japanese biologist, famous for his research on the neurophysiology of hearing, and echolocation in bats.
Nobuo Suga | Introduction
The word means "suicide" in Japanese. The usual modern word for suicide is . Related words include , and . In some popular western texts, such as martial arts magazines, the term is associated with suicide of samurai wives. The term was introduced into English by Lafcadio Hearn in his "Japan: An Attempt at Interpretation", an understanding which has since been translated into Japanese and Hearn seen through Japanese eyes. Joshua S. Mostow notes that Hearn misunderstood the term "jigai" to be the female equivalent of "seppuku". Mostow's context is analysis of Giacomo Puccini's "Madame Butterfly" and the original Cio-Cio San story by John Luther Long.
Seppuku | Terminology
Much later, Octavio Paz included many haiku in "Piedras Sueltas" (1955). Elsewhere the Ecuadorian poet and diplomat Jorge Carrera Andrade included haiku among the 31 poems contained in "Microgramas" (Tokio 1940) and the Argentine Jorge Luis Borges in the collection "La cifra" (1981).
Haiku | World literature
, is a Japanese musician. Debuting as a member of the Hokkaido rock band Galileo Galilei in 2009, he left to form a new musical unit, Folks.
Fumito Iwai | Introduction
Fumio Hayasaka (早坂 文雄 "Hayasaka Fumio"; August 19, 1914 – October 15, 1955) was a Japanese composer of classical music and film scores.
Fumio Hayasaka | Introduction
Edwin Augustus Cranston is a Professor of Japanese literature in the Department of East Asian Languages and Cultures at Harvard University. His primary research interest is the classical literature of Japan, especially traditional poetic forms.
Edwin Cranston | Introduction
W. B. Yeats' "At the Hawk's Well" drew extensively from the Hagoromo legend. An abridged version of the plot of play is attested in German, with the name "Das Federkleid", in "Japanische Märchen und Sagen" (1885). An English translation exists in the book "Green Willow; and other Japanese fairy tales", with the name "The Robe of Feathers". A literary treatment of the play was given as "The Fisherman and the Moon-Maiden" in "Japanese Fairy World" (1880). Another version exists with the name "The Angel's Robe".
Hagoromo (play) | Adaptations
Yamazaki Sōkan (山崎宗鑑) (1465–1553) was a "renga" and "haikai" poet from Ōmi Province, Japan. His real name was Shina Norishige, and he was also called Yasaburō; "Yamazaki Sōkan" was a pen-name ("haimyō").
Yamazaki Sōkan | Introduction
Each year links to its corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:
Hilario Ascasubi | Publications
Carlos Colón (23 April 1953 – 30 October 2016) was an American poet. He primarily wrote English-language haiku and concrete poems. During his lifetime, he published over 12 chapbooks and over 1,400 poems published in a variety of journals including "Modern Haiku" and "Frogpond". He later was nicknamed Haiku Elvis due to the Elvis costume he would wear to do public readings of his poetry.
Carlos Colón (writer) | Introduction
Some of his stories have been adapted by Ping Chong into his puppet theatre, including the 1999 "Kwaidan" and the 2002 "OBON: Tales of Moonlight and Rain".
Lafcadio Hearn | Legacy
Fujiwara no Akihira (藤原 明衡; 989? – November 14, 1066) was a Japanese nobleman and "kanshi" poet of the Heian period.
Fujiwara no Akihira | Introduction
George Trumbull Ladd briefly described his visit in another book "In Korea with Marquis Ito" (1908) as follows: We had taken a trip to the village of Hiro Mura, where formerly lived Hamaguchi Goryo, the benevolent patron of his village, whose act of self-sacrifice in burning his rice straw in order to guide the bewildered villagers to a place of safety when they were being overwhelmed by a tidal wave in the darkness of midnight, has been made the theme of one of Lafcadio Hearn’s interesting tales. Mr. Hearn, it appears, had never visited the locality; and, indeed, we were assured that we were the first foreigners who had ever been in the village streets.
Hirogawa, Wakayama | In literature
Chlorogomphus iriomotensis is a species of dragonfly in the family Cordulegastridae. It is endemic to Japan.
Chlorogomphus iriomotensis | Introduction
She is the author of the 1995 play "Haiku" (Heidemann Award, anthologized and translated into German, Gaelic, Portuguese), "Observatory Conditions" (Independent Reviewers of New England Award), and "The Glider" (2004) (Independent Reviewers of New England Award, American Association of Community Theatre's Steinberg Award Nomination), among others.
Kate Snodgrass | Introduction
Raymond Roseliep (August 11, 1917 – December 6, 1983) was a poet and contemporary master of the English haiku and a Catholic priest. He has been described as "the John Donne of Western haiku."
Raymond Roseliep | Introduction
Haikai (Japanese 俳諧 "comic, unorthodox") may refer in both Japanese and English to "haikai no renga" (renku), a popular genre of Japanese linked verse, which developed in the sixteenth century out of the earlier aristocratic renga. It meant "vulgar" or "earthy", and often derived its effect from satire and puns, though "under the influence of [Matsuo] Bashō (1644–1694) the tone of haikai no renga became more serious". "Haikai" may also refer to other poetic forms that embrace the haikai aesthetic, including haiku and senryū (varieties of one-verse haikai), haiga (haikai art, often accompanied by haiku), and haibun (haiku mixed with prose, such as in the diaries and travel journals of haiku poets).
Haikai | Introduction
Alongside Kana Hasegawa and Shizunojo Takeshita, she was one of the first women to produce modern haiku. She is held as an equal to her male contemporaries, and her work is known for its gorgeous phrasing. She had a difficult home life and a turbulent relationship with her mentor, the poet Kyoshi Takahama. Her tragic life often became the source material for her work.
Hisajo Sugita | Introduction
The , which is Japanese for "falcon-people", were a people of ancient Japan who lived in the Satsuma and Ōsumi regions of southern Kyushu during the Nara period. They frequently resisted Yamato rule. After their subjugation they became subjects of the government under Ritsuryō, and the Ministry of the Military had an office known as the in charge of their governance. The name also came into use by samurai as a title, . In modern times, Hayato is a Japanese male given name.
Hayato people | Introduction
For a long time, the reactions of critics to Cernuda's poetry were based on a caricature of his personality - the shy, introverted but prickly person so quick to take offence. Concha de Albornoz, one of his closest friends, wrote of him "his is a climate that changes: now serene, now tormented. Sometimes I feel so close to him and at other times so distant ... His spirit is like a fly's eye: made of a thousand facets." He found it difficult to make friends. Many of the people who knew him allude to his aloofness and this is a trait borne out by the critical comments he makes in his writings about his contemporaries, which are sometimes so harsh that it is hard to believe they were ever friends or colleagues.
Luis Cernuda | Critical Reception and Legacy
Fukuda Chiyo-ni (Kaga no Chiyo) (福田 千代尼; 1703 - 2 October 1775) was a Japanese poet of the Edo period and a Buddhist nun. She is widely regarded as one of the greatest poets of haiku (then called hokku). Some of Chiyo's best works include The Morning Glory, Putting up my hair, and Again the women. Being one of the few women haiku poets in pre-modern Japanese literature, Chiyo-ni has been seen an influential figure. Before her time, haiku by women were often dismissed and ignored. She began writing Haiku at seven and by age seventeen she had become very popular all over Japan and she continued writing throughout her life.
Fukuda Chiyo-ni | Introduction
The first museum in Europe for Lafcadio Hearn, who was born on the island and is named after it, was inaugurated in Lefkada on July 4, 2014, as Lafcadio Hearn Historical Center. It contains early editions, rare books and Japanese collectibles. The visitors, through photos, texts and exhibits, can wander in the significant events of Lafcadio Hearn's life, but also in the civilizations of Europe, America and Japan of late 18th and early 19th centuries through the open mind of his lectures, writings and tales. The municipalities of Kumamoto, Matsue, Shinjuku, Yaizu, Toyama University, Koizumi family and other people from Japan and Greece contributed to the establishment of Lafcadio Hearn Historical Center.
Lefkada | Lafcadio Hearn Historical Center
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Henry Austin (poet) | Introduction
Cædmon is the earliest English poet whose name is known. Caedmon or Cædmon may also refer to:
Caedmon (disambiguation) | Introduction
The poems they exchanged are still extant.
Lu Zhi (poet) | Introduction
The identity of the ancient poet was unknown to Hearn, but scholars have determined the author of this poem have been Takahashi no Mushimaro.
The Dream of a Summer Day | Hearn and the Manyo poem of Urashima
385–7), others are given in the "Shakespearean Repository" (ed. James Hamilton Fennell, January 1823), in "Select Poetry" (Parker Soc. ii. 450–1), and in Corser's "Collectanea Anglo-Poetica" (xi. 432–5).
James Yates (poet) | Introduction
"The Dream of a Summer Day" is an essay by Lafcadio Hearn that reminisced on his childhood, and which also incorporated a retelling of the Japanese folktale of Urashima Tarō. It was the first piece in the collection "Out of the East" (1895).
The Dream of a Summer Day | Introduction
An amusing and amused writer, Malerba is a curious man: curious about language, history, customs, plots and coincidences of life. Not by chance he moves from the novel to the linguistic essay, to screenplays for cinema and television, to children's novels. Umberto Eco said about him: "Malerba was classified as a post-modern author, but this is definition is not accurate. The author of "What Is This Buzzing, Do You Hear It Too?" is always maliciously ironic, alternating clues to ambiguities". He was one of the most important exponents of the Italian literary movement called Neoavanguardia, along with Balestrini, Sanguineti, and Manganelli.
Luigi Malerba | The memory
In October 1930 he enrolled at King's College of the University of Cambridge, where was interested in the works of William Shakespeare, Charles Baudelaire, and Jules Laforgue. He became a student of Goldsworthy Lowes Dickinson, but dropped out and back to Tokyo in February 1931, on Dickinson's advice that in order to devote his life to literature he should live in Japan. During the next few years he studied French at the Athénée Français in Kanda, Tokyo.
Ken'ichi Yoshida (literary scholar) | Early life
Fujiwara no Akitsuna (藤原 顕綱; dates uncertain, ? – ) was a Japanese nobleman and "waka" poet of the Heian period.
Fujiwara no Akitsuna | Introduction
Shimoi was, among other things, one of the people first entering the Fiume Endeavour of the Italian poet. D'Annunzio nicknamed Shimoi "comrade Samurai" and "the Samurai of Fiume". Together they promoted and organized the Rome-Tokyo flight performed by the aviator Arturo Ferrarin.
Harukichi Shimoi | Biography
Jeffery Richard (Jeff) Hearn (born 5 August 1947) is a British sociologist, and Research Professor at the University of Huddersfield, and Professor at the Hanken School of Economics.
Jeff Hearn | Introduction
The skull-like marking on the thorax of the death's-head hawkmoth has helped these moths, particularly "A. atropos", earn a negative reputation, such as associations with the supernatural and evil. The moth has been prominently featured in art and movies such as "" (by Buñuel and Dalí) and "The Silence of the Lambs", and in the artwork of the Japanese metal band Sigh's album "Hail Horror Hail". According to "", by Lafcadio Hearn, a butterfly was seen in Japan as the personification of a person's soul; whether they be living, dying, or already dead. One Japanese superstition says that if a butterfly enters your guestroom and perches behind the bamboo screen, the person whom you most love is coming to see you.
Lepidoptera | Culture
The Autumn Darter is a species of dragonfly endemic to Japan. It lives near grasslands and can grow up to 40 mm in length. After emerging, these dragonflies migrate to high mountains where they feed until descending to breeding pools (often temporary or artificial, including rice fields) at lower levels.
Sympetrum frequens | Introduction
The most common variation from the three-line standard is one line, sometimes called a "monoku". It emerged from being more than an occasional exception during the late 1970s. The one-line form, based on an analogy with the one-line vertical column in which Japanese haiku are often printed, was lent legitimacy principally by three people: The single-line haiku usually contains fewer than seventeen syllables. A caesura (pause) may be appropriate, dictated by sense or speech rhythm (following the Japanese tradition of a break, marked by the Kireji), and usually little or no punctuation. This form was used by John Wills and, more recently, has been practiced by poets such as M.
Haiku in English | One line