Similar in name to the Medal of Freedom, but much closer in meaning and precedence to the Medal for Merit, the Presidential Medal of Freedom is currently the supreme civilian decoration in precedence in the United States, whereas the Medal of Freedom was inferior in precedence to the Medal for Merit; the Medal of Freedom was awarded by any of three Cabinet secretaries, whereas the Medal for Merit was awarded by the president, as is the Presidential Medal of Freedom. President John F. Kennedy established the current decoration in 1963 through , with unique and distinctive insignia, vastly expanded purpose, and far higher prestige.
History of the award
Presidential Medal of Freedom
Presidential Medal of Freedom | History of the award
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i know why the caged bird sings poem explanation
user
It is a coming-of-age story that illustrates how strength of character and a love of literature can help overcome racism and trauma.
assistant
who is the author of this poem?
user
Maya Angelou.
assistant
where was she born?
user
St. Louis, Missouri.
assistant
was she the only child?
user
No, she was the second child.
assistant
did she receive any rewards?
user
Yes,  the Spingarn Medal, the National Medal of Arts and the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
assistant
what is the latter medal about?
user
The Presidential Medal of Freedom is an award bestowed by the president of the United States to recognize people who have made "an especially meritorious contribution to the security or national interests of the United States, world peace, cultural or other significant public or private endeavors".
assistant
by which us president was she given this ?
user
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assistant
any other famous personalities who have received this medal?
user
Colin Powell, Ellsworth Bunker, etc.
assistant
why did the former receive this medal?
user
Typically the medal is bestowed upon the recipient by the sitting president who has chosen them. However, the first recipients selected by President John F. Kennedy before his assassination were formally awarded by his successor in office, Lyndon B. Johnson. President Barack Obama awarded 123 medals, the most ever, followed by President Ronald Reagan with 102 medal recipients. Two people, Ellsworth Bunker and Colin Powell, are two-time recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Colin Powell received his second award with Distinction, while Ellsworth Bunker was given both of his awards with distinction. In 2015, President Barack Obama stated that there was no precedent to revoke Presidential Medals of Freedom, regarding the award given to Bill Cosby.
List of Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients | Background
The order establishing the medal also expanded the size and the responsibilities of the Distinguished Civilian Service Awards Board so it could serve as a major source of such recommendations. The medal may be awarded to an individual more than once; Colin Powell received two awards, his second being With Distinction; Ellsworth Bunker received both of his awards With Distinction. It may also be awarded posthumously (after the death of the recipient); examples (in chronological order) include John Wayne, John F. Kennedy, Pope John XXIII, Lyndon Johnson, Paul "Bear" Bryant, Thurgood Marshall, Cesar Chavez, Walter Reuther, Roberto Clemente, Jack Kemp, Harvey Milk, James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, Michael Schwerner, Elouise Cobell, Grace Hopper, Antonin Scalia, Elvis Presley and Babe Ruth.
Presidential Medal of Freedom | History of the award
He received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1986 and the Four Freedoms Award in 1991. He was also awarded the chevalier of the Légion d'honneur from France, the Order of St. Olav from Norway, Order of Merit from Chile, the Order of Leopold from Belgium, and honorary degrees from 28 universities.
James Reston | Awards
On December 23, 1967, he was presented with the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Lyndon Johnson.
Robert Komer | Awards and honors
She was presented with the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President George W. Bush on December 15, 2006, in the East Room of the White House. The President noted that "Ruth Colvin is a person of intelligence and vision and heart. And she has earned the gratitude of many, and the admiration of us all."
Ruth Johnson Colvin | Presidential medal of freedom
On January 18, 1989, Dole was presented with the Presidential Citizens Medal by President Reagan. On January 17, 1997, Senator Dole was presented the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Bill Clinton for his service in the military and his political career. In his acceptance remarks in the East Room of the White House, Dole remarked "I had a dream that I would be here this historic week receiving something from the president — but I thought it would be the front-door key". In 1997, Dole received the U.S. Senator John Heinz Award for Greatest Public Service by an Elected or Appointed Official, an award given out annually by Jefferson Awards.
Bob Dole | Awards
Behrens received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1970. The accompanying citation described him, in part, as "a legend among political reporters not only for his great skill but also for fairness, unfailing good humor, and consistent good sense."
Earl Charles Behrens | Awards and honors
On October 7, 1987, Kaufman was presented with the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Ronald Reagan.
Irving Kaufman | Awards
(Chaney, Goodman and Schwerner, civil rights workers murdered in 1964, were awarded their medals in 2014, 50 years later.)
Presidential Medal of Freedom | History of the award
He was awarded the Medal of Freedom in 1947 for the last.
Charles Phelps Smyth | Introduction
Bruce received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, with Distinction, in 1976.
David K. E. Bruce | Awards
Hyde received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest civilian honor, on November 5, 2007. Hyde was hospitalized, recovering from open-heart surgery, and could not attend the ceremony in person.
Henry Hyde | Presidential Medal of Freedom
On April 22, 1970, he was presented with the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Richard Nixon.
Arthur Krock | Awards
In 1984, she challenged President Ronald Reagan's decision to award the Medal of Freedom to Whittaker Chambers, writing, "With all due respect to the dead, is this man, who has left behind him so many doubts about his own role, an appropriate recipient of the Medal of Freedom, the nation’s highest civilian award?"
Dorothy Sterling | Personal life
In 1996, President Bill Clinton awarded him with America's highest civilian award the Presidential Medal of Freedom. He was born Zdzisław Antoni Jeziorański, (Jeziora Coat of Arms) in Berlin, but used a number of noms de guerre during the war, the best known of which was Jan Nowak which he later added to his original surname.
Jan Nowak-Jeziorański | Introduction
Powell's civilian awards include two Presidential Medals of Freedom (the second with distinction), the President's Citizens Medal, the Congressional Gold Medal, the Secretary of State Distinguished Service Medal, the Secretary of Energy Distinguished Service Medal, and the Ronald Reagan Freedom Award. Several schools and other institutions have been named in his honor and he holds honorary degrees from universities and colleges across the country. Azure, two swords in saltire points downwards between four mullets Argent, on a chief of the Second a lion passant Gules. On a wreath of the Liveries is set for Crest the head of an American bald-headed eagle erased Proper.
Colin Powell | Civilian awards and honors
John F. Kennedy was awarded the medal while still a senator, upon the nomination of Eddie Pryzbyla, a future winner himself.
James Cardinal Gibbons Medal | Introduction
President Reagan awarded her the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1983. She was the first female member of Congress to receive this award. Upon presenting her with the Presidential Medal of Freedom, Reagan said this of Luce:
Clare Boothe Luce | Presidential Medal of Freedom
On April 27, 2012, President Barack Obama announced that Hirabayashi would receive the Presidential Medal of Freedom for his principled stand against Japanese-American internment. The President presented the award posthumously on May 29. It was accepted by his family, who traveled to Washington from Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. On February 22, 2014, the medal was formally donated to the University of Washington Library Special Collections, which holds Hirabayashi's papers.
Gordon Hirabayashi | Presidential Medal of Freedom
In 1984, President Ronald Reagan posthumously awarded Chambers the Presidential Medal of Freedom, for his contribution to "the century's epic struggle between freedom and totalitarianism". In 1988, Interior Secretary Donald P. Hodel granted national landmark status to the Pipe Creek Farm. In 2001, members of the George W. Bush Administration held a private ceremony to commemorate the hundredth anniversary of Chambers's birth. Speakers included William F. Buckley, Jr.
Whittaker Chambers | Presidential Medal of Freedom (1984)
Apart from receiving the Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography in 1955, White was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in January 1969.
William S. White | Awards
This is a partial list of recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom, listed chronologically within the aspect of life in which each recipient is or was renowned. The Presidential Medal of Freedom is awarded by the president of the United States "for especially meritorious contribution to (1) the security or national interests of the United States, or (2) world peace, or (3) cultural or other significant public or private endeavors". Honorees are selected by the president or recommended to them by the Distinguished Civilian Service Awards Board.
List of Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients | Introduction
President Jimmy Carter awarded Baldwin the Medal of Freedom on 16 January 1981.
Roger Nash Baldwin | Later years
Former president George H. W. Bush, who was awarded the medal on February 6, 2007, which would have been Ronald Reagan's 96th birthday, remarked, "I wish I had a little Ronald Reagan in me when it came to communicating with the American people. Had I been blessed with my predecessor's remarkable skill, who knows? I might still be employed." On a more serious note, he said later in the speech: "Working with Ronald Reagan was one of the greatest joys of my life." On September 17, 2008, the award was presented to former Soviet dissident Natan Sharansky by Nancy Reagan.
Ronald Reagan Freedom Award | Recipients
After being awarded the medal, Cosby was convicted of multiple counts of sexual assault.
List of Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients | Background
Dart received the Presidential Medal of Freedom posthumously in 1987.
Justin Whitlock Dart Sr. | Presidential Medal of Freedom
There is no evidence of U.S. citizens having received these palm devices, whereas some non-U.S. citizens did receive them (e.g. Micheline "Michou" Dumon and Nancy Wake), and these devices have been interpreted as signifying degrees of the award.
Medal of Freedom (1945) | Description
On January 8, 2001, he was presented with the Presidential Citizens Medal by President Bill Clinton.
Edward R. Roybal | Biography
The American Association of University Professors (AAUP) established the Alexander Meiklejohn Freedom Award to honor his work. He received the Rosenberger Medal in 1959. Meiklejohn was selected by John F. Kennedy to receive the Presidential Medal of Freedom, which was presented by Lyndon B. Johnson shortly after Kennedy's death.
Alexander Meiklejohn | Awards
Awards he received include the Navy Distinguished Service Medal, the Legion of Merit with valor device, the Distinguished Flying Cross, the Bronze Star Medal with award star and valor device, the Presidential Unit Citation, the American Defense Service Medal with base clasp, the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with three award stars, the American Campaign Medal, the World War II Victory Medal, the China Service Medal, the National Defense Service Medal, the Korean Service Medal with four award stars, the United Nations Korea Medal, and the Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation.
Carson Abel Roberts | Awards and decorations
He was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal by the Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Association in 1957 and the Smithsonian’s Joseph Henry Medal in 1968. He just missed the Presidential Medal of Freedom when his nomination for that honor in 1973 died in the aftermath of the Watergate affair.
David E. Finley Jr. | Personal life
Hancock was awarded the National Medal of Arts in 1989 and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1990.
Walker Hancock | Introduction
Bush presented Lee with the Presidential Medal of Freedom. This is the highest civilian award in the United States and recognizes individuals who have made "an especially meritorious contribution to the security or national interests of the United States, world peace, cultural or other significant public or private endeavors".
Harper Lee | 2005–2014
The following people have received the J. W. Graham Medal:
J. W. Graham Medal | Recipients
In November 2015, Ruckelshaus was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama during a ceremony at the White House.
William Ruckelshaus | Presidential Medal of Freedom
In 1985 President Reagan awarded Nitze the Presidential Medal of Freedom for his contributions to the freedom and security of the United States. In 1989, Nitze received the US Senator John Heinz Award for Greatest Public Service by an Elected or Appointed Official, an award given out annually by Jefferson Awards. In 1991, he was awarded the prestigious United States Military Academy's Sylvanus Thayer Award for his commitment to the Academy's ideals of "Duty, Honor, Country".[6]
Paul Nitze | Awards and honors
U.S. President Harry S. Truman awarded the medal to him on October 5, 1945.
Franklin E. Sigler | Introduction
In November, 2015, Barack Obama awarded Carroll with Presidential Medal of Freedom. In Obama's words, "even by the standards of Medal of Freedom recipients, this is a class act. We are just reminded when we see these individuals here on the stage what an incredible tapestry this country is." Carroll was also a recipient of the Veterans of Foreign Wars' James E. Van Zandt Citizenship Award (2017) and the Robert M. Yerkes Award (2017) awarded by the American Psychological Association, and in 2019, she was awarded the Angel of Honor Award by the Armed Service YMCA.
Bonnie Carroll | Awards and recognition
Kennedy, superseding the Medal of Freedom that was established by President Harry S. Truman in 1945 to honor civilian service during World War II.
Presidential Medal of Freedom | Introduction
The Presidential Medal of Freedom is an award bestowed by the president of the United States to recognize people who have made "an especially meritorious contribution to the security or national interests of the United States, world peace, cultural or other significant public or private endeavors". The Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal are the highest civilian awards of the United States. The award is not limited to U.S. citizens and, while it is a civilian award, it can also be awarded to military personnel and worn on the uniform. It was established in 1963 by President John F.
Presidential Medal of Freedom | Introduction
Hammon was presented with the Medal of Freedom in 1946 by President Harry Truman.
William Hammon | Introduction
In 1985 he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian award of the United States. He was awarded honorary degrees from 15 colleges and universities, including Brown, Yale, Johns Hopkins, Harvard, and Cambridge.
Sidney Dillon Ripley | Smithsonian Institution
He received several awards over the years, including the Department of the Air Force Decoration for Exceptional Civilian Service in 1957. He was awarded the Medal for Merit by President Truman, the Medal of Freedom by President Eisenhower in 1961, and the National Medal of Science by President Lyndon Johnson in 1967. He was also a recipient the Charles Lathrop Parsons Award for public service from the American Chemical Society in 1961, Priestley Medal from the American Chemical Society in 1972, and the Franklin Medal from Harvard. In later years, Kistiakowsky was active in an antiwar organization, the Council for a Livable World.
George Kistiakowsky | Later life
In 1996 Morris received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Clinton.
Mo Udall | Legacy
On January 18, 1989, outgoing president Ronald Reagan conferred upon him the Presidential Citizens Medal, the second highest civilian award given, making him the 7th recipient of the honor. On August 8, 1994, he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian award in the United States, by President Bill Clinton. He was one of the recipients of the first Congressional Distinguished Service Award in 2000, along with John Rhodes, Louis Stokes, and Don Edwards. This honor was created by then-Speaker Dennis Hastert and then-Minority Leader Dick Gephardt. In 2010, he was given the Schachman Award by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
Robert H. Michel | Namesakes and honors
Similar in name to the Medal of Freedom, but much closer in meaning and precedence to the Medal for Merit, the Presidential Medal of Freedom is currently the supreme civilian decoration in precedence in the United States, whereas the Medal of Freedom was inferior in precedence to the Medal for Merit; the Medal of Freedom was awarded by any of three Cabinet secretaries, whereas the Medal for Merit was awarded by the president, as is the Presidential Medal of Freedom. President John F. Kennedy established the current decoration in 1963 through , with unique and distinctive insignia, vastly expanded purpose, and far higher prestige.
Presidential Medal of Freedom | History of the award
On December 7, 2006, O'Neil was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President George W. Bush; the award was presented to his brother, Warren, on his behalf on December 15. He was chosen due to his "excellence and determination both on and off the baseball field", according to the White House news release. He joins other baseball notables such as Roberto Clemente, Joe DiMaggio, Willie Mays, and Jackie Robinson in receiving the United States' highest civilian honor. On November 13, 2012 the family of Buck O'Neil donated his Presidential Medal of Freedom to the Negro Leagues Baseball Museum in honor of what would have been O'Neil's 101st birthday.
Buck O'Neil | Presidential Medal of Freedom
In November 2015, Hamilton was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama in a ceremony at the White House.
Lee H. Hamilton | Presidential Medal of Freedom
In June 1981, Lovelace was presented with the Presidential Citizens Medal by President Ronald Reagan.
Alan M. Lovelace | Introduction
RON HUBBARD" and "LRH 1960, 85".
Freedom Medal | Medal
In 2005, President George W. Bush presented the Medal of Honor to Tibor Rubin, a Hungarian-born American Jew who was a Holocaust survivor of World War II and enlisted U.S. infantryman and prisoner of war in the Korean War, whom many believed to have been overlooked because of his religion.
Medal of Honor | Late awards
Kennedy to receive the Presidential Medal of Freedom, Wilson, in absentia, was officially awarded the medal on December 6, 1963 by President Lyndon Johnson. However, Wilson's view of Johnson was decidedly negative. Historian Eric F. Goldman writes in his memoir "The Tragedy of Lyndon Johnson" that when Goldman, on behalf of Johnson, invited Wilson to read from his writings at a White House Festival of the Arts in 1965, "Wilson declined with a brusqueness that I never experienced before or after in the case of an invitation in the name of the President and First Lady." For the academic year 1964–65, he was a Fellow on the faculty in the Center for Advanced Studies at Wesleyan University.
Edmund Wilson | Cold War
In 1984, US President Ronald Reagan awarded Cherne the Medal of Freedom for his "moral passion" in the service of refugees. In 1989, Cherne received the S. Roger Horchow Award for Greatest Public Service by a Private Citizen, an award given out annually by Jefferson Awards.
Leo Cherne | Awards
Kirkpatrick received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest civilian honor. The Kennedy School of Government at Harvard created a Kirkpatrick Chair in International Affairs in her honor. She was given the Simon Wiesenthal Center's Humanitarian Award in 1983. She received an honorary doctorate degree from Universidad Francisco Marroquín in 1985; she also received an honorary doctorate at Central Connecticut State University in 1991.
Jeane Kirkpatrick | Awards and prizes
On December 8, 2008, George was awarded the Presidential Citizens Medal by President George W. Bush in a ceremony in the Oval Office of the White House. His other awards include the Honorific Medal for the Defense of Human Rights of the Republic of Poland, the Canterbury Medal of the Becket Fund for Religious Liberty, the Philip Merrill Award of the American Council of Trustees and Alumni, the Irving Kristol Award of the American Enterprise Institute, the Sidney Hook Award of the National Association of Scholars, the Paul Bator Award of the Federalist Society for Law and Public Policy, and Princeton University's President's Award for Distinguished Teaching.
Robert P. George | Honors
DeBakey became a member of numerous learned societies, gained 36 honorary degrees and was the recipient of hundreds of awards. He received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1969. In 1987, President Ronald Reagan awarded him the National Medal of Science. He was a Health Care Hall of Famer, a Lasker Luminary and a recipient of the United Nations Lifetime Achievement Award and the Presidential Medal of Freedom with Distinction. He was given the Lifetime Achievement Award of the Foundation for Biomedical Research and in 2000 was cited as a "Living Legend" by the Library of Congress. On April 23, 2008, he received the Congressional Gold Medal from President George W.
Michael DeBakey | Selected honors and awards
WILLIAM ISGAR Hubert Dickey Ballantine and Martin Mathews were jointly awarded the 1981 Citizens Medal as founders of the Mathews-Dickey Boy's Club. The teachers Rachel Davino, Anne Marie Murphy, Lauren Rousseau, and Victoria Soto and school administrators Mary Sherlach and Dawn Hochsprung, who perished in the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting defending their students, were jointly awarded the 2012 Citizens Medal posthumously.
Presidential Citizens Medal | Recipients
On January 13, 1993, after retirement, he received the National Security Medal.
Jonathan Howe | Awards and decorations
The Medal of Freedom was a decoration established by President Harry S. Truman to honor civilians whose actions aided in the war efforts of the United States and its allies. It was intended to be awarded by the secretary of state, the secretary of war, or the secretary of the navy, but presidents Dwight D. Eisenhower and John F. Kennedy also authorized awards.
Medal of Freedom (1945) | Introduction
Fahy was the recipient of a number of awards, including the Navy Cross (1917), a medal for military merit (1946), the Robert S. Abbott Memorial Award (1951), John Carroll Award from the Georgetown University Member Alumni (1953), and the D.C. Distinguished Service Award (1969).
Charles Fahy | Awards
In November 2016, Padrón was announced as one of the recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
Eduardo J. Padrón | Awards
In November 2015, Frank was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama in a ceremony at the White House.
Billy Frank Jr. | Presidential Medal of Freedom
Hope was awarded more than 2,000 honors and awards, including 54 honorary university doctorates. In 1963 President John F. Kennedy awarded him the Congressional Gold Medal for service to his country. President Lyndon Johnson bestowed the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1969 for his service to the armed forces through the USO. In 1982 he received the S. Roger Horchow Award for Greatest Public Service by a Private Citizen, an honor given annually by Jefferson Awards. He was presented with the National Medal of Arts in 1995 and received the Ronald Reagan Freedom Award in 1997. On June 10, 1980, he became the 64th—and only civilian—recipient of the United States Air Force Order of the Sword which recognizes individuals who have made significant contributions to the enlisted corps.
Bob Hope | Awards and honors
In 1981, he received the Presidential Medal of Freedom (the nation's highest civilian award). Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, he was actively involved in the Council Against Communist Aggression in Washington D.C.
Walter Judd (politician) | Presidential Medal of Freedom
He received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Bill Clinton in 1999.
Helmut Kohl | Honors and awards
John Hope Franklin was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by Bill Clinton, while William Raspberry, a syndicated columnist for "The Washington Post", won the Pulitzer Prize in 1994. 15 Nobel Prize winners have been associated with the university.
List of Duke University people | Introduction
Before leaving office, Carter awarded Robert Strauss the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest civilian award.
Robert S. Strauss | Carter
Apart from the Medal of Honor Robert H. Dietz received these awards :
Robert H. Dietz | Awards and Decorations
On November 17, 2008, President George W. Bush awarded Martin the Presidential Citizens Medal “for his leadership in strengthening libraries and museums across the country.” The medal is the second-highest civilian award in the United States, second only to the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Martin is a Fellow of the Society of American Archivists and a Distinguished Alumnus of Rice University and the UNC School of Information and Library Science (SILS).
Robert S. Martin | Introduction
The medal was awarded in 1986 by President Reagan to twelve outstanding individuals chosen as representative of the most distinguished naturalized citizens of the United States of America. David L. Wolper, producer of ABC's television's 1986 Independence Day Weekend media event, came up with the idea to have the President present awards to a select group of naturalized citizens as an essential part of the ceremonial festivities commemorating the 100th anniversary of the dedication of the Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor.
Medal of Liberty | History
It was the first U.S. civilian neck decoration and, in the grade of Awarded With Distinction, is the only U.S. sash and star decoration (the Chief Commander degree of the Legion of Merit—which may only be awarded to foreign heads of state—is a star decoration but without a sash). The executive order calls for the medal to be awarded annually on or around July 4, and at other convenient times as chosen by the president, but it has not been awarded every year (e.g., 2001, 2010). Recipients are selected by the president, either on the president's own initiative or based on recommendations.
Presidential Medal of Freedom | History of the award
He was twice awarded the Department of Defense Medal for Distinguished Public Service, first by Robert McNamara in February 1965 and again by Donald Rumsfeld in November 1976. He is the first recipient not employed by the Department of Defense and the first person awarded it twice. On 7 November 1985 President Reagan awarded Albert Wohlstetter, along with his wife Roberta Wohlstetter and Paul Nitze, the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
Albert Wohlstetter | Awards
In and in 1964 she was awarded a Presidential Medal of Freedom.
Helen B. Taussig | Introduction
The following people received the "Thomas W. Eadie Medal":
Thomas W. Eadie Medal | Recipients
In 1961, Caulfield was awarded the Ramon Magsaysay Award for International Understanding. On 6 December 1963, she received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President John F. Kennedy in recognition of her work for the blind in Asia. The award was given by President Lyndon B. Johnson in honor of President John F. Kennedy. Her niece was actress Joan Caulfield.
Genevieve Caulfield | Recognition
Alfred B. Nietzel (April 27, 1921 – November 18, 1944) is a recipient of the Medal of Honor. He was awarded the Medal of Honor by President Barack Obama in a March 18, 2014 ceremony in the White House. The award comes through the Defense Authorization Act which in 2002, called for a review of Jewish American and Hispanic American veterans from World War II, the Korean War and the Vietnam War to ensure that no prejudice was shown to those deserving the Medal of Honor.
Alfred B. Nietzel | Introduction
On 21 February 1961, Spaak was presented with the Medal of Freedom by US President John F. Kennedy.
Paul-Henri Spaak | NATO
On February 15, 2011, President Barack Obama presented Gerda Weissmann Klein and 14 other recipients with the 2010 Presidential Medal of Freedom. At the ceremony in the East Room of the White House, President Obama announced, "This year's Medal of Freedom recipients reveal the best of who we are and who we aspire to be." He stated the following as Klein was presented with her Presidential Medal of Freedom: By the time she was 21, Gerda Klein had spent six years living under Nazi rule — three of them in concentration camps. Her parents and brother had been taken away.
Gerda Weissmann Klein | Presidential Medal of Freedom
Sandys-Clarke was related to four other recipients of the award: The medal is retained by his family and is not on public display.
Willward Alexander Sandys-Clarke | Further information
Ralph J. Menconi (June 17, 1915 – November 18, 1972) was a noted medal sculptor who received the Freedoms Foundation Award and the Michelangelo Award and was awarded with the title “Sculptor of the Year” in 1970. He received the nickname "Sculptor of Presidents," because of the 36 medal series of the presidents he created for Presidential Art Medals.
Ralph J. Menconi | Introduction
Apart from the Medal of Honor Harold A. Garman received these awards :
Harold A. Garman | Awards and Decorations
On May 31, 2019, The White House announced that President Trump would be awarding Laffer with the Presidential Medal of Freedom on June 19, 2019. The Presidential Medal of Freedom is "the Nation's highest civilian honor, which may be awarded by the President to individuals who have made especially meritorious contributions to the security or national interests of the United States, to world peace, or to cultural or other significant public or private endeavors". The White House press released stated that Laffer was receiving the award for "public service and contributions to economic policy that have helped spur prosperity for our Nation".
Arthur Laffer | Presidential Medal of Freedom
Medal recipients were announced by Ted Koppel of ABC News. As of 2019, Chang Díaz, Holborn Gray, Kissinger, and Perlman are the only living members of the Medal of Liberty.
Medal of Liberty | Recipients
The Medal of Liberty was awarded in 1986 by President Ronald Reagan as part of the festivities commemorating the 100th anniversary of the Statue of Liberty. The awarding of this medal took place only once, as it was linked to a specific event. No other Medals of Liberty have been awarded since Liberty Weekend 1986, although it is possible more may be awarded on future occasions.
Medal of Liberty | Introduction
President John F. Kennedy established the Presidential Medal of Freedom on February 22, 1963, but died before he could award it. Two weeks after Kennedy's assassination, President Lyndon Johnson awarded it to Meany and thirty others on December 6, 1963. Johnson said the award was for Meany's service to the union movement and for advancing freedom throughout the world. On November 6, 1974, Meany dedicated the George Meany Center for Labor Studies (founded 1969), which was renamed the National Labor College in 1997. From 1993 to 2013, the college housed the George Meany Memorial Archives, held at the University of Maryland since 2013.
George Meany | Awards, tributes and legacy
The following people received the award in the year specified:
Paul P. Vouras Medal | Recipients
Past recipients include U.S. Supreme Court justices Stephen Breyer, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Harry Blackmun, Sandra Day O'Connor, and John Paul Stevens; former U.S. attorney general Janet Reno; U.S. Sen. Christopher Dodd; Kentucky Supreme Court Chief Justice John Palmore; civil rights lawyer Morris Dees; lawyer and professor Samuel Dash; and Howard Baker.
Brandeis Medal | Past recipients
Patz was given the Presidential Medal of Freedom "for his lifetime contributions to the field of ophthalmology, including his discovery of the most common cause of childhood blindness in the early 1950s." At the time of the award, Bush called Patz "the man who has given to uncounted men, women and children the gift of sight."
Arnall Patz | Awards and accolades
In recognition of his war services Hovde received the President's Medal for Merit and was awarded the King's Medal for Service in the Cause of Freedom by the British government. Hovde was named a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1957. He received the Exceptional Civilian Service Award from the Department of the Air Force in 1961, the Distinguished Public Service Award from the Department of the Navy in 1963, the Distinguished Service Award from the Association of the United States Army in 1963, and the Distinguished Public Service Medal from the Department of Defense in 1970.
Frederick L. Hovde | Honors and awards
The following people have received the Kolmogorov Medal:
Kolmogorov Medal | Recipients
Along with his medals from the United States, Bradley would also receive the Officer of the Legion of Honor from France, the Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George from England, and the Commander of the Order of the Crown from Italy.
John Jewsbury Bradley | Awards
Moley was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by Richard Nixon on April 22, 1970.
Raymond Moley | Move to the right
He received the Navy Distinguished Service Medal, the World War I Victory Medal, the World War II Victory Medal, the American Defense Service Medal, and the American Campaign Medal. He received the Order of Abdon Calderón medal from Ecuador.
Harold Medberry Bemis | Awards
In 1953 Monnet was awarded the Karlspreis by the city of Aachen in recognition of his achievements. He received numerous other prizes and honorary degrees, including "Doctor Honoris Causa" from the universities of Cambridge (8 June 1961), Dartmouth (11 June 1961), Yale (12 June 1961), and Oxford (26 June 1963). On 6 December 1963, he was presented with the Presidential Medal of Freedom, with Special Distinction, by United States President Lyndon Johnson. The decision had been made by President Kennedy before his assassination.
Jean Monnet | Honors
President Barack Obama presented the medal to Donald's brother, Bill Sloat (now deceased), in a ceremony at the East Room of the White House.
Donald Sloat | Awards and decorations
Ruzicka wrote for "News-Letter" of his acceptance of the medal saying Kittredge's work was modern due to its "sparsely ornamented simplicity, dignified use of materials, [and] fitness to purpose."
William A. Kittredge | Biography
The first joint recipients of the award were Lane Kirkland and his wife Irena who won the prize in 1981. Lane was honored for his "long devotion to the cause of refugees" while Irena was described as "very much a human rights activist". Chinese dissidents Li Shuxian and Fang Lizhi were jointly honored in 1991; two American Presidents, George H.W. Bush and Bill Clinton took the prize as a pair in 2005, and film actress Angelina Jolie and United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees High Commissioner António Guterres received the award together in 2007. Since the first award presentation in 1957, the IRC has made it to 46 recipients, 24 of which were American; the majority of awards have been to politicians.
Freedom Award | Introduction
Source: CSPG
R. J. W. Douglas Medal | Recipients
Dengler was the recipient of the following medals and decorations:
Dieter Dengler | Awards and decorations
George L. Street III received the following medals and decorations
George L. Street III | Awards