Following his resignation, the Nixons flew to their home La Casa Pacifica in San Clemente, California. According to his biographer, Jonathan Aitken, "Nixon was a soul in torment" after his resignation. Congress had funded Nixon's transition costs, including some salary expenses, though reducing the appropriation from $850,000 to $200,000. With some of his staff still with him, Nixon was at his desk by 7:00 a.m.—with little to do. His former press secretary, Ron Ziegler, sat with him alone for hours each day. Nixon's resignation had not put an end to the desire among many to see him punished. The Ford White House considered a pardon of Nixon, even though it would be unpopular in the country.
Pardon and illness
Richard Nixon
Richard Nixon | Pardon and illness
For the Watergate scandal. Sorry. I cannot find the answer based on the context. The Ford White House considered a pardon of Nixon, even though it would be unpopular in the country For his actions during the Watergate scandal and other crimes as president.
what is checkers speech?
user
An address by Senator Richard Nixon.
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who is nixon?
user
The 37th president of the United States.
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where was he born?
user
Yorba Linda, California.
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what was the watergate scandal?
user
It was an array of clandestine and often illegal activities undertaken by members of the Nixon administration.
assistant
describe his policies related to space?
user
He disapproved plans for a permanent base on moon, Mars expedition, Manned Orbital Laboratory program for funds. But he approved a five -year cooperative program between NASA and Soviet space program.
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for what was he given a pardon?
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Nixon, contacted by Ford emissaries, was initially reluctant to accept the pardon, but then agreed to do so. Ford insisted on a statement of contrition, but Nixon felt he had not committed any crimes and should not have to issue such a document. Ford eventually agreed, and on September 8, 1974, he granted Nixon a "full, free, and absolute pardon", which ended any possibility of an indictment. Nixon then released a statement: In October 1974, Nixon fell ill with phlebitis. Told by his doctors that he could either be operated on or die, a reluctant Nixon chose surgery, and President Ford visited him in the hospital.
Richard Nixon | Pardon and illness
United States", a 1915 U.S. Supreme Court decision that suggests that a pardon carries an imputation of guilt and that acceptance carries a confession of guilt. In 2001, the John F. Kennedy Library Foundation awarded the John F. Kennedy Profile in Courage Award to Ford for his pardon of Nixon. In presenting the award to Ford, Senator Ted Kennedy said that he had initially been opposed to the pardon of Nixon, but later stated that history had proven Ford to have made the correct decision.
Pardon of Richard Nixon | Aftermath
Congress instructed Ford to retain Nixon's presidential papers, which began a three-decade legal battle over the documents that was eventually won by the former president and his estate. Nixon was in the hospital when the 1974 midterm elections were held, and Watergate and the pardon were contributing factors to the Republican loss of 43 seats in the House and three in the Senate. Two years later, lingering public resentment over the pardon was a factor in Ford's narrow loss to Democratic Party nominee Jimmy Carter in the 1976 presidential election. After Ford left the White House in 1977, he privately justified his pardon of Nixon by carrying in his wallet a portion of the text of "Burdick v.
Pardon of Richard Nixon | Aftermath
It could go on and on and on, or someone must write the end to it. I have concluded that only I can do that, and if I can, I must." After Ford left the White House in 1977, he privately justified his pardon of Nixon by carrying in his wallet a portion of the text of "Burdick v. United States", a 1915 U.S. Supreme Court decision that suggested that a pardon carries an imputation of guilt and that its acceptance carries a confession of guilt.
Pardon of Richard Nixon | Introduction
After DeCarlo served 18 months in prison, President Richard Nixon pardoned him, ostensibly due to his poor health. DeCarlo himself claimed to be dying of cancer. Disregarding the usual protocol, U.S. Attorney General Richard Kleindienst approved the pardon request and sent it to White House Counsel John Dean. Dean then delivered the request directly to Nixon. It was rumored that Vice President Spiro Agnew, a personal friend of Frank Sinatra, persuaded Nixon to approve the request. Special Watergate Prosecutor Archibald Cox later investigated the DeCarlo pardon, but found no evidence of corruption. In December 1972, DeCarlo was released from prison.
Angelo DeCarlo | Presidential pardon
Nixon was under subpoena for the trial of three of his former aides—Dean, Haldeman, and John Ehrlichman—and "The Washington Post", disbelieving his illness, printed a cartoon showing Nixon with a cast on the "wrong foot". Judge John Sirica excused Nixon's presence despite the defendants' objections. Congress instructed Ford to retain Nixon's presidential papers—beginning a three-decade legal battle over the documents that was eventually won by the former president and his estate. Nixon was in the hospital when the 1974 midterm elections were held, and Watergate and the pardon were contributing factors to the Republican loss of 43 seats in the House and three in the Senate.
Richard Nixon | Pardon and illness
The pardon of Richard Nixon (formally known as Proclamation 4311) was a presidential proclamation issued by President of the United States Gerald Ford on September 8, 1974. By it, Ford granted to Richard Nixon, his predecessor, a full and unconditional pardon for any crimes that he might have committed against the United States as president. In particular, the pardon covered Nixon's actions during the Watergate scandal. In a televised broadcast to the nation, Ford, who had succeeded to the presidency upon Nixon's resignation, explained that he felt the pardon was in the best interests of the country and that the Nixon family's situation was "a tragedy in which we all have played a part.
Pardon of Richard Nixon | Introduction
On December 26, 1986, President Ronald Reagan granted Johnson a presidential pardon for his 1956 moonshining conviction. In response to the pardon, which restored his right to vote, Johnson said, "I could not have imagined anything better."
Junior Johnson | Presidential pardon
With some of his staff still with him, Nixon was at his desk by 7 a.m. with little to do. His former press secretary, Ron Ziegler, sat with him alone for hours each day.
Pardon of Richard Nixon | Pardon
Allegations of a secret deal made with Ford, promising a pardon in return for Nixon's resignation, led Ford to testify before the House Judiciary Committee on October 17, 1974. He was the first sitting president to testify before the House of Representatives since Abraham Lincoln. Ford's approval rating dropped from 71% to 50% following the pardon.
Pardon of Richard Nixon | Public response
President Gerald Ford's broad federal pardon of former president Richard M. Nixon in 1974 for "all offenses against the United States which he, Richard Nixon, has committed or may have committed or taken part in during the period from January 20, 1969 through August 9, 1974" is a notable example of a fixed-period federal pardon that came prior to any indictments being issued and that covered unspecified federal offenses that may or may not have been committed. The Justice Department requires that anyone requesting a pardon wait five years after conviction or release prior to receiving a pardon. The constitutionality of open pardons, such as Ford's pardon of Nixon, has never been judicially tested in the Supreme Court and is open to question.
Federal pardons in the United States | Modern process
With Nixon's resignation, Congress dropped its impeachment proceedings against him. Criminal prosecution was still a possibility both on the federal and state level. In October 1974, Nixon fell ill with phlebitis. Told by his doctors that he could either be operated on or die, a reluctant Nixon chose surgery, and Ford visited him in the hospital. Nixon was under subpoena for the trial of three of his former aides (John Dean, H. R. Haldeman, and John Ehrlichman) and "The Washington Post", disbelieving his illness, printed a cartoon showing Nixon with a cast on the "wrong foot." Judge John Sirica excused Nixon's presence despite the defendants' objections.
Pardon of Richard Nixon | Aftermath
Republican president Richard Nixon pardoned, commuted, or rescinded the convictions of 926 people. Among them are:
List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States | Richard Nixon
In a phone call on January 30, 1981, Edwin Meese encouraged President Ronald Reagan to issue a pardon. After further encouragement from Felt's former colleagues, President Reagan pardoned Felt and Miller. The pardon was signed on March 26, but due to the assassination attempt on March 30, was not announced to the public until April 15, 1981. In the pardon, Reagan wrote: Nixon sent Felt and Miller bottles of champagne with the note "Justice ultimately prevails." "The New York Times" disapproved in an editorial, saying that the United States "deserved better than a gratuitous revision of the record by the President".
Mark Felt | Pardon
Following the release of the "smoking gun" tape on August 5, 1974, Nixon's position had become untenable. In his 1979 autobiography, "A Time to Heal", Ford wrote about a meeting he had with White House Chief of Staff Alexander Haig before Nixon's resignation. Haig was explaining what he and Nixon's staff thought were Nixon's only options. He could try to ride out the impeachment and fight against conviction in the Senate all the way, or he could resign. His options for resigning were to delay his resignation until further along in the impeachment process to try to settle for a censure vote in Congress or to pardon himself and then resign.
Pardon of Richard Nixon | Pardon
Haig told Ford that some of Nixon's staff suggested that Nixon could agree to resign in return for an agreement that Ford would pardon him. On this subject, Ford wrote: In a "Washington Post" story published the night Ford died, journalist Bob Woodward said that Ford once told Woodward he decided to pardon Nixon for other reasons, primarily the friendship that Ford and Nixon shared. Following Nixon's resignation on August 9, 1974, the Nixons flew to their home La Casa Pacifica in San Clemente, California. According to his biographer, Jonathan Aitken, after his resignation, "Nixon was a soul in torment." Congress had funded Nixon's transition costs, including some salary expenses but reduced the appropriation from $850,000 to $200,000.
Pardon of Richard Nixon | Pardon
Nonetheless, when Ford took office, most of the Nixon holdovers in the executive branch, including Haig and Kissinger, pressed for a pardon. Through his first month in office, Ford publicly kept his options open regarding a pardon, but he came to believe that ongoing legal proceedings against Nixon would prevent his administration from addressing any other issue. Ford attempted to extract a public statement of contrition from Nixon before issuing the pardon, but Nixon refused. On September 8, 1974, Ford issued , which gave Nixon a full and unconditional pardon for any crimes he might have committed against the United States while president.
Presidency of Gerald Ford | Nixon pardon
On September 8, 1974, Ford issued , which gave Nixon a full and unconditional pardon for any crimes he might have committed against the United States while president. In a televised broadcast to the nation, Ford explained that he felt the pardon was in the best interests of the country, and that the Nixon family's situation "is a tragedy in which we all have played a part. It could go on and on and on, or someone must write the end to it. I have concluded that only I can do that, and if I can, I must." Ford's decision to pardon Nixon was highly controversial.
Gerald Ford | Pardon of Nixon
In 1976, an investigation by "Chicago Tribune" reporter Ron Yates discovered that Kenkichi Oki and George Mitsushio, who had given the most damaging testimony at D'Aquino's trial, had perjured themselves. They stated that FBI and U.S. occupation police had coached them for over two months about what they were to say on the stand, and had been threatened with treason trials themselves if they didn't cooperate. This was followed up by a Morley Safer report on the television news program "60 Minutes". U.S. President Gerald Ford granted a full and unconditional pardon to Iva Toguri D'Aquino in 1977 based on these and earlier issues with the indictment, trial, and conviction,—on January 19, his last full day in office.
Iva Toguri D'Aquino | Presidential pardon
With Nixon's resignation, Congress dropped its impeachment proceedings. Criminal prosecution was still a possibility at the federal level. Nixon was succeeded by Vice President Gerald Ford as President, who on September 8, 1974, issued a full and unconditional pardon of Nixon, immunizing him from prosecution for any crimes he had "committed or may have committed or taken part in" as president. In a televised broadcast to the nation, Ford explained that he felt the pardon was in the best interest of the country. He said that the Nixon family's situation "is an American tragedy in which we all have played a part.
Watergate scandal | President Ford's pardon of Nixon
In an editorial at the time, "The New York Times" stated that the Nixon pardon was a "profoundly unwise, divisive and unjust act" that in a stroke had destroyed the new president's "credibility as a man of judgment, candor and competence". On October 17, 1974, Ford testified before Congress on the pardon. He was the first sitting president since Abraham Lincoln to testify before the House of Representatives. In the months following the pardon, Ford often declined to mention President Nixon by name, referring to him in public as "my predecessor" or "the former president." When, on a 1974 trip to California, White House correspondent Fred Barnes pressed Ford on the matter, Ford replied in a surprisingly frank manner: "I just can't bring myself to do it."
Gerald Ford | Pardon of Nixon
Following his resignation, the Nixons flew to their home La Casa Pacifica in San Clemente, California. According to his biographer, Jonathan Aitken, "Nixon was a soul in torment" after his resignation. Congress had funded Nixon's transition costs, including some salary expenses, though reducing the appropriation from $850,000 to $200,000. With some of his staff still with him, Nixon was at his desk by 7:00 a.m.—with little to do. His former press secretary, Ron Ziegler, sat with him alone for hours each day. Nixon's resignation had not put an end to the desire among many to see him punished. The Ford White House considered a pardon of Nixon, even though it would be unpopular in the country.
Richard Nixon | Pardon and illness
He was personally fined $15,000 and his company American Shipbuilding was assessed an additional $20,000. On November 27 of that year, MLB Commissioner Bowie Kuhn suspended him for two years, but later commuted it to fifteen months. Ronald Reagan pardoned Steinbrenner in January 1989, one of the final acts of his presidency.
George Steinbrenner | Illegal campaign contributions to Nixon and pardon
Critics derided the move and said a "corrupt bargain" had been struck between the men. They said that Ford's pardon was granted in exchange for Nixon's resignation, which had elevated Ford to the presidency. Ford's first press secretary and close friend Jerald terHorst resigned his post in protest after the pardon. According to Bob Woodward, Nixon Chief of Staff Alexander Haig proposed a pardon deal to Ford. He later decided to pardon Nixon for other reasons, primarily the friendship he and Nixon shared. Regardless, historians believe the controversy was one of the major reasons Ford lost the 1976 presidential election, an observation with which Ford agreed.
Gerald Ford | Pardon of Nixon
After President Gerald Ford left the White House in 1977, intimates said that the President privately justified his pardon of Richard Nixon by carrying in his wallet a portion of the text of the "Burdick" decision that suggested that a pardon carries an imputation of guilt and that acceptance carries a confession of guilt. Legal scholars have questioned whether that portion of "Burdick" is meaningful or merely "dicta". Ford made reference to the "Burdick" decision in his post-pardon written statement furnished to the Judiciary Committee of the United States House of Representatives on October 17, 1974. However, the reference related only to the portion of "Burdick" that supported the proposition that the Constitution does not limit the pardon power to cases of convicted offenders or even indicted offenders.
Burdick v. United States | Later use
Although Bush commuted the two men's sentences, he did not grant them a full pardon, thus leaving Compean and Ramos with criminal records that made it hard for them to find jobs. In September 2017, US Congressman Duncan D. Hunter wrote a letter to president Donald Trump asking him to give both men a full pardon.
Jose Compean | Petition for pardon
The Nixon pardon was controversial. Critics derided the move and claimed a "corrupt bargain" had been struck between the men: that Ford's pardon was granted in exchange for Nixon's resignation, elevating Ford to the presidency. Ford's first press secretary and close friend Jerald terHorst resigned his post in protest after the pardon. The Nixon pardon was a pivotal moment in the Ford presidency. Historians believe that the controversy was one of the major reasons that Ford lost the election in 1976, and Ford agreed with that observation. In an editorial at the time, "The New York Times" stated that the Nixon pardon was a "profoundly unwise, divisive, and unjust act" that in a stroke had destroyed the new president's "credibility as a man of judgment, candor, and competence".
Pardon of Richard Nixon | Public response
Republican president Ronald Reagan pardoned, commuted, or rescinded the convictions of 406 people. Among them are:
List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States | Ronald Reagan
Fred Buzhardt immediately got into his car and drive it by himself straight to the White House in-order to find out about whats Buzhardt had told Haig about the contain of President Ford speech on Nixon's Pardon which stated Haig's role in arbitrating Nixon's resignation and Ford's pardon for Richard Nixon.
Alexander Haig | Nixon administration
In an editorial at the time, "The New York Times" stated that the Nixon pardon was a "profoundly unwise, divisive and unjust act" that in a stroke had destroyed the new president's "credibility as a man of judgment, candor and competence". Ford's close friend and press secretary, Jerald terHorst, resigned his post in protest. The pardon would hang over Ford for the remainder of his presidency, and damaged his relationship with members of Congress from both parties. Against the advice of most of his advisers, Ford agreed to appear before a House Subcommittee that requested further information on the pardon.
Presidency of Gerald Ford | Nixon pardon
It could go on and on and on, or someone must write the end to it. I have concluded that only I can do that, and if I can, I must." Nixon continued to proclaim his innocence until his death in 1994. In his official response to the pardon, he said that he "was wrong in not acting more decisively and more forthrightly in dealing with Watergate, particularly when it reached the stage of judicial proceedings and grew from a political scandal into a national tragedy". Some commentators have argued that pardoning Nixon contributed to President Ford's loss of the presidential election of 1976.
Watergate scandal | President Ford's pardon of Nixon
He was later pardoned by President Roosevelt.
Robert C. Richardson Jr. | World War II
In 1999 then-Western Australian opposition leader, Geoff Gallop, made an unsuccessful request to British Prime Minister and friend Tony Blair to grant O'Reilly a pardon.
John Boyle O'Reilly | Pardon request
Democratic president John F. Kennedy pardoned, commuted, or rescinded the convictions of 575 people. Among them are:
List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States | John F. Kennedy
Democratic-Republican president Thomas Jefferson pardoned, commuted or rescinded the convictions of 119 people. One of his first acts upon taking office was to issue a general pardon for any person convicted under the Sedition Act. Among them are:
List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States | Thomas Jefferson
Democratic president Jimmy Carter pardoned, commuted, or rescinded the convictions of 566 people, and in addition to that pardoned over 200,000 Vietnam War draft dodgers. Among them are:
List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States | Jimmy Carter
Gerald Ford's 1974 pardon of Richard Nixon was described as a "corrupt bargain" by critics of the disgraced former president. The critics claimed that Ford's pardon was quid pro quo for Nixon's resignation, which elevated Ford to the presidency. The most public critic was US Representative Elizabeth Holtzman, who, as the lowest-ranking member of the House Judiciary Committee, was the only representative who explicitly asked whether the pardon was a quid pro quo. Ford cut Holtzman off, declaring, "There was no deal, period, under no circumstances."
Corrupt bargain | 1974 pardon of Nixon
On December 21, 2000, Clinton granted a pardon to Hendrick. McColl denied having a role in the bank foundation's contribution to the Clinton library, saying the foundation had also donated $500,000 to the presidential library of George H.W. Bush and $225,000 to the library of Ronald Reagan.
Hugh McColl | Rick Hendrick pardon
Republican president Dwight D. Eisenhower pardoned, commuted or rescinded the convictions of 1,157 people. Among them is: It is important to note that "until the Eisenhower Administration, each pardon grant was evidenced by its own separate warrant signed by the president. President Eisenhower began the practice of granting pardons by the batch, through the device of a "master warrant" listing all of the names of those pardoned, which also delegated to the Attorney General (or, later, the Deputy Attorney General or Pardon Attorney) authority to sign individual warrants evidencing the president's action."
List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States | Dwight D. Eisenhower
Prosecutors emphasized personal economic gain and Morison's complaints about his government job. Morison once wrote to his editor at "Jane's": "My loyalty to Jane's is above question." On October 17, 1985, Morison was convicted in Federal Court on two counts of espionage and two counts of theft of government property. He was sentenced to two years in prison on December 4, 1985. The Supreme Court declined to hear his appeal in 1988. Following Morison's conviction, the Reagan administration continued its campaign against leaks. In April 1986, an Assistant Under Secretary of Defense was fired for sharing classified information with reporters.
Samuel Loring Morison | Prosecution and pardon
There have been recurring proposals to grant Johnson a posthumous presidential pardon. A bill requesting President George W. Bush to pardon Johnson in 2008 passed the House, but failed to pass in the Senate. In April 2009, Senator John McCain, along with Representative Peter King, film maker Ken Burns and Johnson's great-niece, Linda Haywood, requested a presidential pardon for Johnson from President Barack Obama. In July of that year, Congress passed a resolution calling on President Obama to issue a pardon. In 2016, another petition for Johnson's pardon was issued by McCain, King, Senator Harry Reid and Congressman Gregory Meeks to President Obama, marking the 70th anniversary since the boxer's death.
Jack Johnson (boxer) | Presidential pardon
Democratic president Lyndon B. Johnson pardoned, commuted, or rescinded the convictions of 1,187 people. Among them are:
List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States | Lyndon B. Johnson
After the war, Green was pardoned by President Andrew Johnson for his support of the Confederacy and paid a $20,000 fine.
Duff Green | Pardon by Andrew Johnson
On 12 March 2013, Alamieyeseigha was pardoned by President Goodluck Jonathan, but his pardoning was criticised by many.
Diepreye Alamieyeseigha | Pardon
As other presidents have done, Bush issued a series of pardons during his last days in office. On December 24, 1992, he granted executive clemency to six former government employees implicated in the Iran–Contra affair of the late 1980s, most prominently former Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger. Bush described Weinberger, who was scheduled to stand trial on January 5, 1993, for criminal charges related to Iran-Contra, as a "true American patriot". In addition to Weinberger, Bush pardoned Duane R. Clarridge, Clair E. George, Robert C. McFarlane, Elliott Abrams, and Alan Fiers, all of whom had been indicted and/or convicted of criminal charges by an Independent Counsel headed by Lawrence Walsh.
Presidency of George H. W. Bush | Pardons
On 24 December 1992, having been defeated for reelection, and nearing the end of his term in office, lame duck President George H. W. Bush pardoned five administration officials who had been found guilty on charges relating to the affair. They were: Bush also pardoned Caspar Weinberger, who had not yet come to trial. Attorney General William P. Barr advised the President on these pardons, especially that of Caspar Weinberger. In response to these Bush pardons, Independent Counsel Lawrence E. Walsh, who headed the investigation of Reagan Administration officials' criminal conduct in the Iran–Contra scandal, stated that "the Iran–Contra cover-up, which has continued for more than six years, has now been completed." Walsh noted that in issuing the pardons Bush appears to have been preempting being implicated himself in the crimes of Iran–Contra by evidence that was to come to light during the Weinberger trial, and noted that there was a pattern of "deception and obstruction" by Bush, Weinberger and other senior Reagan administration officials.
Iran–Contra affair | Pardons
Proclamation 4483, also known as the Granting Pardon for Violations of the Selective Service Act, was a presidential proclamation issued by Jimmy Carter in 1977. It granted pardons to those who violated the Military Selective Service Act during the Vietnam War era, from August 4, 1964 to March 28, 1973. It was implemented through Executive Order 11967.
Proclamation 4483 | Introduction
Republican president Gerald Ford pardoned, commuted, or rescinded the convictions of 409 people. Among them are:
List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States | Gerald Ford
Allegations of a secret deal made with Ford, promising a pardon in return for Nixon's resignation, led Ford to testify before the House Judiciary Committee on October 17, 1974.
Watergate scandal | President Ford's pardon of Nixon
Once the pardon was issued, the story went, terHorst felt that any credibility that he had earned with reporters had been undermined. Therefore, he handed in his resignation even before Ford went on the air. TerHorst found the pardon especially unconscionable in light of Ford's refusal to pardon those who evaded the draft during the Vietnam War. His successor as Press Secretary was NBC reporter Ron Nessen, who served until the end of the Ford Administration.
Jerald terHorst | Resignation
Despite a sustained campaign, Prime Minister John Major refused a pardon. Gertrude Farr died in 1993. On 15 August 2006, Harry Farr's family announced that Farr was to be granted a pardon. The announcement came as Des Browne, the Defence Secretary, said that he would seek a statutory group pardon; i.e. one achieved through an Act of Parliament for all those executed regardless of the individual merits of the case. Des Browne told BBC Radio 4's "Today" programme that, after 90 years, "the evidence just doesn't exist inside the cases individually". It has been suggested that the move would avoid numerous court cases.
Harry Farr | Pardon
Based on the evidence and other reviews, Governor Ritter gave Arridy a full and unconditional pardon in 2011, clearing his name.
Joe Arridy | 2011 posthumous pardon
During his brother's presidential campaign and subsequent administration, Clinton was given the codename "Headache" by the Secret Service due to his controversial behavior. In January 2001, before his brother left office, Clinton was granted a controversial presidential pardon for a 1985 cocaine possession and drug-trafficking conviction. Roger Clinton Jr. had served time in federal prison after being convicted of conspiracy to distribute cocaine in a sting operation. The pardon allowed for the conviction to be expunged from his criminal record.
Roger Clinton Jr. | Conviction and pardon
Winters' son James, along with his close childhood friend Frank Jimenez, began campaigning for his father's pardon after his death, receiving the support of, among others, 21 Congressmen, the American Jewish Committee, and Steven Spielberg. President Bush officially pardoned Winters on December 23, 2008. Democratic Representative Ron Klein, who led the congressional group, commented that "President Bush made the right decision today to issue a posthumous pardon to Charles Winters, a Florida resident who played an essential role in the creation of the state of Israel." Winters' lawyer, Wilmer Hale partner Reginald Brown, stated, "He did a heroic thing and, at the time, the law didn't reflect our values.
Charles Winters | Pardon
Hubbard requested a presidential pardon from William Howard Taft, but the administration discarded the request as "premature". When his application for a passport was denied in 1915, Hubbard went directly to the White House and pleaded with Woodrow Wilson's personal secretary, Joseph P. Tumulty. At the time, the President was in the midst of a cabinet meeting, but Tumulty interrupted and, as a result, the Secretary of State (William Jennings Bryan) and Attorney General Thomas Gregory were also able to hear of Hubbard's situation and need. The pardon was found to be appropriate, and Hubbard's clemency application process lasted exactly one day.
Elbert Hubbard | Conviction and pardon
Democratic president Franklin D. Roosevelt granted 3,687 pardons in his four terms in office. Among them are:
List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States | Franklin D. Roosevelt
Democratic president Harry S. Truman pardoned, commuted or rescinded the convictions of 2,044 people. Among them are:
List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States | Harry Truman
Although Bush commuted the two men's sentences, he did not grant them a full pardon, thus leaving Compean and Ramos with criminal records that made it hard for them to find jobs.
Ignacio Ramos | Petition for pardon
In 2010, Richards spearheaded a national petition that called for changes to the national pardons system after it was revealed that convicted sex offender Graham James had received a pardon in 2007 for his offences. The petition attracted thousands of supporters from across Canada and in June 2010 Bill C-23A, a new law to limit pardons for serious crimes, received Royal Assent.
Blake Richards | Federal politics
Republican president William Howard Taft pardoned, commuted or rescinded the convictions of 758 people. Among them are:
List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States | William Howard Taft
Democratic-Republican president James Monroe pardoned, commuted or rescinded the convictions of 419 people. Among them are:
List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States | James Monroe
, Republican president Donald Trump pardoned, commuted, or rescinded the conviction of 39 people. Among them were:
List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States | Donald Trump
Public opinion at the time of the pardon was negative according to a September 6–9, 1974 Gallup Poll, which found that "only 38 percent of Americans said Ford should pardon Nixon, while 53 percent said he should not." Numerous congressional Democrats issued statements critical of the pardon, and in light of it, some even sought to reopen the impeachment process against the former president. Specifically, Judiciary Committee members Jerome Waldie, George Danielson, and Don Edwards spoke of pressing the committee to pursue the outstanding subpoenas in order to bring all the evidence out into the open and to complete the formal record of Nixon's wrongdoing while in office.
Impeachment process against Richard Nixon | Epilogue
They were pardoned by President Ulysses S. Grant after being jailed for refusing to pay the fines imposed by the court.
Trial of Susan B. Anthony | Introduction
After succeeding Florida Governor Jeb Bush, Governor Charlie Crist granted Paey a waiver of the requirement that a minimum period of the sentence be served on his clemency petition, permitting his petition to be heard by the clemency board immediately. The board recommended denying clemency for Paey. Nevertheless, in a sudden and unexpected move, Governor Crist and the Cabinet unanimously granted Paey a full pardon on the morning of September 20, 2007. Paey was freed from prison at 2:51 pm. Paey's case is the subject of the book "Pain In America" and the film documentary "The War on Drugs", and was featured on the Showtime series ""
Richard Paey | Pardon
On January 20, 2001, the last day of his presidency, Bill Clinton pardoned Palmer, one of the 140 pardons Clinton issued that day. Federal prosecutor and Democrat Mary Jo White was appointed to investigate the pardons. She was later replaced by Future FBI director, James Comey, who found no wrongdoing on Clinton's part.
Robert W. Palmer | Pardon
The "convicted" part of Billy Martin's famous 1978 "liar and convicted" comment referred to Steinbrenner's connection to Richard Nixon; in 1974, Steinbrenner pleaded guilty to making illegal contributions to Nixon's re-election campaign, and to a felony charge of obstruction of justice. Faced with a cost overrun problem with the United States Commerce Department, Steinbrenner gave six of his American Shipbuilding employees "special bonuses" of $25,000 and directed them to then turn around and personally donate the funds to Nixon's Committee for the Re-Election of the President (CREEP). Steinbrenner originally said he would fight the charges in court, but in August 1974, two weeks after Nixon resigned, Steinbrenner pleaded guilty to two charges in the case.
George Steinbrenner | Illegal campaign contributions to Nixon and pardon
A list of people pardoned or granted clemency by the President of the United States, ordered by date of pardon or commutation, is available here: List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the President of the United States.
List of people pardoned by George W. Bush | List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the President of the United States
Republican president George H. W. Bush pardoned, commuted, or rescinded the convictions of 77 people. Among them are:
List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States | George H. W. Bush
Republican president George W. Bush pardoned, commuted, or rescinded the convictions of 200 people. Among them were:
List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States | George W. Bush
In November 1980, Miller, then head of the FBI's Domestic Intelligence Division, and Mark Felt were convicted after a seven-week federal jury trial of having "conspired to injure and oppress the citizens of the United States" and Miller was fined $3,500. While the convictions were being appealed in April 1981, President Ronald Reagan pardoned both men. At the time of trial, Felt and Miller were the highest-ranking bureau employees to have been tried for a criminal offense.
Edward S. Miller | 1980 conviction and pardon
Republican president Benjamin Harrison pardoned, commuted or rescinded the convictions of 613 people. Among them are:
List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States | Benjamin Harrison
Republican president James A. Garfield was one of only two presidents who issued no pardons, the other being William Henry Harrison. This was due to Garfield's assassination shortly after he took office.
List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States | James Garfield
Republican president Rutherford B. Hayes pardoned, commuted or rescinded the convictions of 893 people. Among them is:
List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States | Rutherford B. Hayes
Democratic president Franklin Pierce pardoned, commuted or rescinded the convictions of 142 people.
List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States | Franklin Pierce
I'm sorry for it." In 1981, Jimmy Carter granted Yarrow a presidential pardon for the crime. Nonetheless, it has occasionally become a campaign issue for politicians he supports. In 2004, Representative Martin Frost of Texas, a Democrat, canceled a fundraising appearance with the singer after his opponent ran a radio advertisement about Yarrow's offense; in 2013 Republican politicians in New York State called on Democratic congressional candidate Martha Robertson to cancel a scheduled fundraiser with Yarrow. In 2019 he was disinvited from a folk music festival when the organizers were informed of his conviction.
Peter Yarrow | Criminal conviction and pardon by President Carter
Democratic president Bill Clinton pardoned, commuted, or rescinded the convictions of 459 people. Among them are:
List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States | Bill Clinton
Bush to request a presidential pardon of Edwards, who began a 10-year prison sentence in 2002 for corruption. Bush left office in January 2009 without pardoning Edwards.
Dave Treen | Activities since 2000
On November 9, 2019, Jude Shramantha Jayamaha was granted a presidential pardon by Maithripala Sirisena during his last week in office. Jayamaha was discharged from Kuruvita Prison, where he had been incarcerated since 2012, the same day. In a press release from the President's Media Division, it was stated that the pardon had been granted based on the recommendations of Buddhist religious leaders Ven Rathana Thero, Ven Baddegama Samitha Thero and Ven Dr Keradewala Punnarathana Nayake Thero.
Murder of Yvonne Jonsson | Presidential pardon
George Wilson was convicted of robbing the US Mail in Pennsylvania and sentenced to death. Due to his friends' influence, Wilson was pardoned by President Andrew Jackson. Wilson refused the pardon and in 1833, the United States Supreme Court held in "United States v. Wilson" that his rejection—and consequently the pardon not being introduced to the court by "plea, motion, or otherwise" as a point of fact and evidence—was valid and the court could not force a pardon upon him.
Federal pardons in the United States | Limitations
The pardons effectively brought an end to Walsh's investigation of the Iran-Contra scandal.
Presidency of George H. W. Bush | Pardons
Whig president William Henry Harrison was one of only two presidents who issued no pardons, the other being James Garfield. This was due to Harrison's death shortly after taking office.
List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States | William Henry Harrison
The commanding officers of the brigade, the regiment and the company, of the command, together with many other privates and officers of his regiment, have earnestly appealed to the Major-General commanding, to spare the life of the offender, and the President of the United States has expressed a wish that as this is the first condemnation to death in this army for this crime, mercy may be extended to the criminal. This fact, viewed in connection with the inexperience of the condemned as a soldier, his previous good conduct and general good character, and the urgent entreaties made in his behalf, have determined the Major-General commanding to grant the pardon so earnestly prayed for.
William Scott (The Sleeping Sentinel) | The pardon
He was pardoned by President Clinton in 2001. In 2019 Donald Trump, the President of the United States, tweeted a previously classified image of the aftermath of a failed test of Iran's Safir rocket, which some believe was taken from the USA-224 satellite.
KH-11 Kennen | Compromises
Former U.S. President Bill Clinton was criticized for some of his pardons and acts of executive clemency. Pardoning or commuting sentences is a power granted by the U.S. Constitution to sitting U.S. Presidents. While most presidents grant pardons throughout their terms, Clinton chose to make nearly a third of them on January 20, 2001, his last day in office. This came to be known as Pardongate. While Clinton pardoned a large number (450) of people compared with his immediate one-term predecessor Republican George H. W. Bush, who pardoned only 75, the number of people pardoned by Clinton was comparable to that pardoned by two-term Republican Ronald Reagan and one-term Democrat Jimmy Carter, who pardoned 393 and 534 respectively.
Bill Clinton pardon controversy | Introduction
In 1970, Yarrow was convicted, and served three months in prison, for taking "improper liberties" with a 14-year-old girl who went with her 17-year-old sister to Yarrow's hotel room seeking an autograph. "Yarrow answered the door naked and made sexual advances that stopped short of intercourse." The 14-year-old resisted his advances but according to reports, did not call for help. Yarrow served three months of a one-to three-year prison sentence. He apologized for the incident, saying that "It was an era of real indiscretion and mistakes by categorically male performers. I was one of them. I got nailed. I was wrong.
Peter Yarrow | Criminal conviction and pardon by President Carter
On October 17, 1974, Ford testified before Congress, becoming the first sitting president since Abraham Lincoln to do so.
Presidency of Gerald Ford | Nixon pardon
In August 2007, Hugo Chávez granted a presidential pardon to 41 Colombian convicts who were not involved in "human rights violations or war crimes". The 27 Colombians who were sentenced in October 2005 were among those pardoned and deported to Colombia with the exception of those being investigated for homicide (a corpse was found in the ranch where the men were captured).
Daktari Ranch affair | Presidential pardons
Republican president Herbert Hoover pardoned, commuted or rescinded the convictions of 1,385 people. Among them are:
List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States | Herbert Hoover
Federalist president John Adams pardoned, commuted or rescinded the convictions of 20 people. Among them are:
List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States | John Adams
In 2017, Trump pardoned Joe Arpaio, a former Arizona sheriff who was convicted of contempt of court for disobeying a court order to halt the racial profiling of Latinos. In March 2018, he pardoned former Navy sailor Kristian Saucier, who was convicted of taking classified photographs of a submarine. In April 2018, Trump pardoned Scooter Libby, a political aide to former Vice President Dick Cheney. Libby had been convicted of obstruction of justice, perjury and making false statements to the FBI. In June 2018 he pardoned conservative commentator Dinesh D'Souza, who had made illegal political campaign contributions. That month he also commuted the life sentence of Alice Marie Johnson, a non-violent drug trafficking offender, following a request by celebrity Kim Kardashian.
Donald Trump | Pardons and commutations
Also in 1999, Ford was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by Bill Clinton. In 2001, he was presented with the John F. Kennedy Profiles in Courage Award for his decision to pardon Richard Nixon to stop the agony America was experiencing over Watergate. The following were named after Ford:
Gerald Ford | Honors
Pardons for ex-Confederates were given by US Presidents Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson and was usually extended for those had served in the military above the rank of colonel or civilians who had exercised political power under the Confederate government. The power to pardon offences to the US government was given to the chief executive in the US Constitution under .
Pardons for ex-Confederates | Introduction
Chairman Rodino, however, declared that "impeachment is dead," forestalling such a move. The following month, Ford appeared voluntarily before the Judiciary Committee's Subcommittee on Criminal Justice to explain the reasons behind the pardon. Two years later, lingering public resentment over the Nixon pardon was a factor in Ford's narrow loss to Democratic Party nominee Jimmy Carter in the 1976 presidential election.
Impeachment process against Richard Nixon | Epilogue
Pardons are normally granted only when the person is technically innocent, and a request has been made by the family or other interested party; neither condition was met in regard to Turing's conviction.
Alan Turing | Government apology and pardon
In the United States, a pardon of the President was once considered to be a deed and thus needed to be accepted by the recipient. This made it impossible to grant a pardon posthumously. However, in the case of Henry Ossian Flipper, this view was altered when President Bill Clinton pardoned him in 1999.
Deed | Pardon as deed
Democratic president Andrew Johnson pardoned about 7,000 people in the "over $20,000" class by May 4, 1866. More than 600 prominent North Carolinians were pardoned just before the election of 1864. President Andrew Johnson pardoned, commuted or rescinded the convictions of 654 people. Among them are:
List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States | Andrew Johnson
In 1988, he pleaded guilty to four misdemeanor counts of withholding information from Congress as part of the Iran-Contra cover-up. He was sentenced to two years' probation and a $20,000 fine but was pardoned by President George H.W. Bush on Christmas Eve 1992.
Robert McFarlane | Iran-Contra affair and resignation
Though Nixon had not faced impeachment by the full House or a Senate trial, criminal prosecution was still a possibility at both the federal and state levels. Concerned about Nixon's well-being, and worried that the "ugly passions" aroused by the Watergate scandal would rise again during a lengthy Nixon prosecution, on September 8, 1974, President Ford granted Nixon a pardon for all crimes he had "committed or may have committed or taken part in" as president. Nixon, in his official acceptance of the pardon, said that he "was wrong in not acting more decisively and more forthrightly in dealing with Watergate, particularly when it reached the stage of judicial proceedings and grew from a political scandal into a national tragedy." While accepting the pardon implied an admission of guilt, Nixon maintained his innocence until his death in 1994.
Impeachment process against Richard Nixon | Epilogue
Democratic president James Buchanan pardoned, commuted or rescinded the convictions of 150 people. Among them are:
List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States | James Buchanan