The Fifth Republic Movement (Spanish: "Movimiento V [Quinta] República", MVR) was a democratic socialist political party in Venezuela. It was founded in July 1997, following a national congress of the Revolutionary Bolivarian Movement-200, to support the candidacy of Hugo Chávez, the former President of Venezuela, in the 1998 presidential election. The "Fifth Republic" refers to the fact that in 1997 the Republic of Venezuela was the fourth in Venezuelan history, and the Movement aimed to re-found the Republic through a constituent assembly. Following Chávez' 1998 election victory, this took place in 1999, leading to the 1999 Constitution of Venezuela. At the legislative elections on 30 July 2000, the party won 91 out of 165 seats in the National Assembly.
Introduction
Fifth Republic Movement
Fifth Republic Movement | Introduction
July 1997 July 1997 July 1997. July 1997.
what is the symbol of flag of ecuador?
user
It consists of horizontal bands of yellow (double width), blue and red.
assistant
who designed it?
user
Sorry. I cannot find the answer based on the context.
assistant
does it resemble any other flag?
user
Yes, Colombia and Venezuela
assistant
which pledge is related to it?
user
Juramento a la Bandera
assistant
does the above latter country face any kind of shortage?
user
Yes, products like milk, various meats, basic necessities etc.
assistant
is any rights suspended over there?
user
Yes, constitutional rights.
assistant
why?
user
The approval of the extension of States of emergency corresponds to the National Assembly.
assistant
which government is in power here during 1999 and onwards?
user
The Bolivarian government
assistant
can you name any person from this government form?
user
Hugo Chávez
assistant
how is he connected to it?
user
He was a Venezuelan president and founded the Fifth Republic Movement.
assistant
when was the foundation found?
user
A national congress on 19 April 1997 took from 9 am until 2 am the next day to reach a conclusion, ultimately deciding to launch Chávez' candidacy for the 1998 presidential election. Some members of the movement resigned in protest, holding too much at stake. In July 1997 Chávez registered the new "Fifth Republic Movement" with the National Electoral Council (the name had to be changed as Venezuelan law did not permit parties to use Simon Bolivar's name). The international media took little interest, citing opinion polls showing 8% support for Chávez.
Fifth Republic Movement | Foundation
To find out whether this was the case, Chávez set up teams of psychologists, sociologists, university professors and students to carry out a survey. With their support, grassroots members of the Bolivarian movement polled tens of thousands of people across the country. The results showed that 70% of respondents supported Chávez running for the presidency – and 57% said they would vote for him. Support for the electoral route was strengthened when Arias Cárdenas, as a candidate for Radical Cause, won the Governorship of Zulia State in the December 1995 regional elections. Despite this, the MBR-200 remained divided over electoral participation, and spent a year debating the issue in local, regional and national assemblies.
Fifth Republic Movement | Foundation
The MVR was founded in July 1997 to support the electoral aims of the Revolutionary Bolivarian Movement-200. For a number of years after his 1994 release from prison, Chávez maintained a position against participation in elections, believing them a fixed game which merely legitimated the established order. This led to a split with his colleague Francisco Arias Cárdenas, who left the MBR-200. In the early years after his release, Chávez considered the possibility of another coup attempt, but with the prospects appearing slim, some advisers, notably Luis Miquilena, urged him to reconsider his scepticism of the elections, arguing that Chávez could potentially win so convincingly that the establishment would not be able to deny him victory.
Fifth Republic Movement | Foundation
The Fifth Republic Movement (Spanish: "Movimiento V [Quinta] República", MVR) was a democratic socialist political party in Venezuela. It was founded in July 1997, following a national congress of the Revolutionary Bolivarian Movement-200, to support the candidacy of Hugo Chávez, the former President of Venezuela, in the 1998 presidential election. The "Fifth Republic" refers to the fact that in 1997 the Republic of Venezuela was the fourth in Venezuelan history, and the Movement aimed to re-found the Republic through a constituent assembly. Following Chávez' 1998 election victory, this took place in 1999, leading to the 1999 Constitution of Venezuela. At the legislative elections on 30 July 2000, the party won 91 out of 165 seats in the National Assembly.
Fifth Republic Movement | Introduction
Although he did not maintain relations with Greece, he was convinced, after years of correspondence and personal meetings with Evangleos Averof, to establish a charity foundation in order to help his homeland. The Foundation was established in June 1947 under the name “Foundation of Baron Michael Tossizza” and its main purpose was the development of the greater Metsovo area, from where he originated.
Foundation of Baron Michael Tositsas | Establishment of the Foundation
The Foundation is based in the old school buildings of Cerezales del Condado, constructed in 1931 and restored in 2009 with a major reorganization of the interior to accommodate activities of all kinds. The result is a multipurpose space whose design allows it to be used as an exhibition gallery, an auditorium with stage, a classroom and administration offices, depending on the arrangement of its partitions. In the landscaped area next to the building are three sculptures belonging to the foundation's collection of public art: "Maternity" by Castorina Fe Francisco, "Whisper in Time" by Tadanori Yamaguchi, and "Large Goat" by Eduardo Arroyo.
Fundación Cerezales Antonino y Cinia | Headquarters
In view of the public response and the growing number and variety of activities, taking in areas such as music, the visual arts and education, the foundation saw the need to increase the capacity of its facilities. The fruit of this is a new building, designed by the architecture firm of Alejandro Zaera and Maider Llaguno and constructed between 2014 and 2016. This is a free-standing building of five bays under a pitched roof — an archetype of rural architecture — in the upper part of the Foundation's plot of land. The construction is predominantly of wood, with a structural frame and walls of larch from the Pyrenees, and was designed and built as a zero energy.
Fundación Cerezales Antonino y Cinia | Headquarters
The Foundation has moved from its original site. It occupies a purpose-built nineteenth-century building which was declared "Bien de Interés Cultural" in 1994.
Fundación Carlos de Amberes | Introduction
The movement began "more as a political study circle than as a subversive conspiracy," but soon its members "began thinking in terms of some kind of coup d'état." Chávez and his friends soon recruited more members, including Francisco Arias Cárdenas, in March 1985. As Hugo Chávez himself explained in a speech at the University of Havana in Cuba on December 14, 1994;
Revolutionary Bolivarian Movement-200 | Foundation
The excavation revealed the foundation of a structure measuring 15.5 meters by 11.25 meters, parallel to and facing the Camino Real. The foundation was built using large sandstone boulders believed to have been carried from the nearby Ventura River and placed in trenches. The structure had four rooms arranged in a U-shaped plan around a sheltered courtyard or patio. Based on its size, its relation to the other rooms, and the presence of what appeared to be the main entrance, Greenwood and Browne concluded that Room 4, the largest in the structure, was used for worship. Although no remnants of walls were discovered, an adobe brick was found on the site, and Greenwood and Browne concluded that the walls were built with locally-fabricated adobe bricks.
Santa Gertrudis Asistencia | Archaeological excavation
The exact foundation date is not well known. However, based on the most ancient graveyard found in the city dating back to 1596 AD (1004 Hijri Qamari ), one can calculate the date in which the people started to live in the region. The date in which the population becomes centralized in the region and the first municipality was created comes back to the Constitutional Revolution in which the Saad ad-Daula has gathered in the city with his forces to depart to invade Esfahan and then Tehran.
Borujen | History
The party was committed to the Bolivarian Revolution and claimed to be the political voice of the country's poor.
Fifth Republic Movement | Aims
The renovation work planned its inception on 2005, were found its foundations by surprise on 2006. The surprise was that these remains appear to a meter and a half deep. It was not expected to find remains in such good condition after many works carried out by the Madrid Metro in tunneling during the 1910s. Plans to move the remains to another place of Madrid were not implemented. Instead they were buried a few meters below the foundations and can be seen in the access corridors from Cercanías de Madrid to the Metro in the Estación de Sol.
Iglesia del Buen Suceso | Rediscovery
The foundation stone was laid by French President François Mitterrand on 15 October 1985.
Tancredo Neves Pantheon of the Fatherland and Freedom | Introduction
December 7, 1760 is the official date of the foundation of Maturín (according to the Venezuelan Academy of History) by the Franciscan missionary Lucas de Zaragoza. However, the Jesuit priest Pablo Ojer found in the Archivo General de Indias a document which proves a previous foundation of the city in 1722. This primitive town was called "San Juan de la Tornera de Maturín" and its founder was the Spanish governor Juan de la Tornera y Sota. San Juan de la Tornera de Maturín had the category of city for Spaniards, but it did not survive very long because of the lack of population and little economical resources.
Maturín | Foundation
In 2007, the foundation encountered resistance from the Chavez government when lending works by Venezuelan painter Armando Reveron (1889-1954) to New York's Museum of Modern Art for the museum's first retrospective devoted to a single Latin American artist in 50 years.
Gustavo Cisneros | Philanthropy
Foundation work took place between March 1957 and November 1958, and excavations reached below ground level. The first of the steel assemblies, upon which each of the 40 structural-steel columns would be placed, was installed within the foundation in September 1958. Afterward, steel work commenced in December 1958, with the building topping out during September 1959. This was followed by the completion of the curtain wall in March 1960. Completion was initially anticipated for 1959, but four citywide strikes of construction workers, including an 18-week elevator worker strike, delayed construction. Furthermore, a crane operator died in a June 1958 construction accident.
28 Liberty Street | Construction
The circular foundation under the monument is 70 meters in diameter symbolizing the about 70-year history of the party from the days of the Down-With-Imperialism Union. On the inside of the belt are three reliefs covering the history of the party.
Monument to Party Founding | Belt
When Fr. Felix first requested permission to found the Congregation mentioned, he was denied and forbidden to deal with the project for ten years. This caused him great pain, but he stood firm with Christ knowing that the work would pay off. Finally through the intercession of Bishop Ramón Ibarra and González, first the Archbishop of Puebla then the Vatican granted Fr. Felix Rougier his foundation on December 25, 1914 in the Chapel of the Roses at Tepeyac, Mexico City. This was the origin of the Congregation of the Missionaries the Holy Spirit. This was done despite full religious persecution by the government.
Félix de Jesús Rougier | Foundations
Given the size and weight of the memorial, even in its early design stages, a solid foundation for the structure was critical. An initial test borehole into Shooter's Hill (which reached a depth of ) found no bedrock, leading to concerns that the site might not be a suitable location for the building. Daniel E. Moran, the foundation engineer, further investigated the earth beneath the building. Moran drilled below the lowest point of the foundation and found gravel, hard clay, and sand. Soil experts in New York City and with the United States Geological Survey analyzed the soil and provided a guarantee (backed up by a bond) that no settling of the building would occur due to soil conditions.
George Washington Masonic National Memorial | Building the foundation
In the autumn of 1830 he gave the institute something of its current form; and all the community began to pass through stages of religious training.
Rosminians | Foundation
The Fund for the Republic (1951–1959) was an autonomous organization by the Ford Foundation and dedicated to protecting freedom of speech and other civil liberties in the United States. In 1959, the Fund moved from New York City to Santa Barbara, California, and changed its name to the Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions (CSDI).
Fund for the Republic | Introduction
They fit a narrative of a personal vengeance against a tyrant leading to his overthrow, which was common among Greek cities and even theorised by Aristotle.
Roman Republic | Foundation (509 BC)
He put the emerging Spanish private foundation movement in contact with Medoza and other leading philanthropists in Latin America and the USA. In 1973 Azcárate helped José Lino Vaamonde to prepare an account of the work done by the team to protect the Spanish artistic heritage during the civil war.
Justino de Azcárate | Exile
A few months after the 1863 earthquake, Félix Róxas presented a plan for the church’s reconstruction, partly following the plan of the previous church and utilizing some of its salvageable parts. On August 30, 1864, the cornerstone of the present church was laid. In it was placed a lead box, containing art objects, gold coins, medals of saints and other things belonging to the “Orden de Predicadores”. Construction occurred from 1864 to 1887 in the gotico fingido (neogothic) style, using Philippine building materials. The immense columns resembling spreading tree branches, were of acle, molave and ipil. The vault was of zinc or galvanized iron.
Santo Domingo Church | Fifth church (1887)
The idea for the foundation was made in 1968 by Joan Miró. Miró formed the foundation with his friend Joan Prats. Miró wanted to create a new building that would encourage particularly younger artists to experiment with contemporary art. The building was designed by Josep Lluís Sert to ensure that this work could also be made available to the public and exhibited. He designed the building with courtyards and terraces and to create a natural path for visitors to move through the building. Building began on the mountain of Montjuïc and the foundation opened on 10 June 1975. Not only was the architect a close friend of Miró but so was the first president Joaquim Gomis and Miró was amongst the first board.
Fundació Joan Miró | History
In this document, it exposes the five basic points of the Aprista doctrine: In September 1924 he traveled to Russia, where he made contact with the Russian Revolution, which served as a source of inspiration for his ideology. He also traveled through Switzerland, Italy and France. In 1925, he settled in England, where, between 1926 and 1927, he studied economics at the London School of Economics and then anthropology at the University of Oxford, where he would later become a professor (in 1964).
Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre | Exile; Foundation of the APRA
A first problem concerns precisely the location of Pompey's foundation: apart from some isolated coins of the 1st century BC, the earliest finds on the Zımbıllı Tepe date from the 2nd century AD, authorizing to rethink the location of the late Hellenistic foundation in a nearby site.
Pompeiopolis | Introduction
The CEPS Foundation contributed to the 1999 Constitution of Venezuela.
Center for Political and Social Studies Foundation | 1999 Constitution of Venezuela
The Alexander Herzen Foundation was legally established May 19, 1969, in Amsterdam. The Dutch slavist and essayist Karel van het Reve (1921–1999) took the initiative and was one of the trustees. The other trustees were the Dutch historian Jan Willem Bezemer (1921–2000) and the British-American politicologist Peter Reddaway (1939). Frank Fisher and his wife Elisabeth Fisher-Spanjer were also involved in its founding. The date of establishment of the foundation is mentioned in the obituary written by Robert van Amerongen after Van het Reve's death. The Foundation is named after Alexander Herzen, the Russian philosopher and writer who founded in 1853 an independent publishing house in Russia.
Alexander Herzen Foundation | History
The birth of the Foundación Carlos Díaz Vélez was due to compliance with the will and testament of the rancher and philanthropist Matilde Díaz Vélez who wanted her heirs to promote agriculture and cattle education, activities considered fundamental to the growth of Argentina. In order to have sufficient resources to carry out this useful purpose, the founder bequeathed three fields: "Patina", "Tita" and "Rincón del Quequén" located in the Province of Buenos Aires. In January 1990, in compliance with this legacy, her heirs decided to start a foundation, which is named "Fundación Carlos Díaz Vélez" (in English:"Carlos Díaz Vélez Foundation") in honor of his father, Carlos Díaz Vélez.
Fundación Carlos Díaz Vélez | Origins
The movement was founded on 18 April 2018, amidst an informal protest in favour of state support for disabled people. The protest, which was the sixth such protest held that far, became the foundation of The System Kills Us as the demonstrators donned black shirts emblazoned with the movement's name.
The System Kills Us | Foundation
The rooms of the new building, thought of as a "ribat", were organized around a central courtyard. The Hispano Moresque character of the building is well suited to the island of Mallorca, having seen many different civilizations over the years. In April 2011 the Hassan Fathy building was declared a Listed Building (Landmark) by the Heritage Commission of the Government of Mallorca.
Fundacion Yannick y Ben Jakober | History of the foundation
The Revolutionary Bolivarian Movement-200 (Movimiento Bolivariano Revolucionario 200 or MBR-200) was the political and social movement that the later Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez founded in 1982. It eventually planned and executed the February 4, 1992 attempted coup. The movement later evolved into the Movement for the Fifth Republic (MVR), set up in July 1997 to support Hugo Chávez's candidacy in the 1998 Venezuelan presidential election. The move to electoral politics took several years of intense internal debate, as many felt that the elections might be fixed to prevent an MBR-200 candidate winning. It took a nationwide survey conducted by the movement to show that it might gain enough electoral support to make victory hard to deny.
Revolutionary Bolivarian Movement-200 | Introduction
Venezuela historiography recognizes four "republics," or major regime changes since the country was founded in 1811. The First Republic, known as the "Venezuelan Confederation" lasted until 1812. The Second Republic is the restored republican regime that was instituted by Simón Bolívar after his Admirable Campaign in 1813, and which lasted until 1814. The Third Republic refers to the period after 1816 in which various patriot guerrilla bands joined under Bolívar's leadership in the Llanos of Venezuela and set up an independent government. This process culminated in the Congress of Angostura, but shortly thereafter the Congress declared Venezuela to be part of a larger Gran Colombia.
Fifth Republic Movement | The use of Venezuelan history
On 9 July 2010 the José Ortega y Gasset Foundation and the Gregorio Marañón Foundation fused, creating a sole organization: the José Ortega y Gasset-Gregorio Marañón Foundation, also known as the Ortega-Marañón Foundation. However, the website of the new foundation, which still stands as http://www.ortegaygasset.edu, barely reveals any activity or interest related to Marañón.
Gregorio Marañón | Foundation
It was later followed by a church and a hospital.
Aarón Castellanos, Santa Fe | Foundation
Rebuilding was slow. The people developed a devotion to Saint Valentine, on whose day the earthquake hit. The Jesuits opened a seminary and school for the education and training of priests; they also served as missionaries to the indigenous peoples, as they introduced Christianity.
Trujillo, Peru | Spanish foundation
The foundation was completed in 1939. The builders drove a perimeter of steel piles, excavated the pit, demolished and hauled out the old cathedral foundations. The new foundation was a slightly concave concrete slab with concentric vertical rings, intended to carry the main hall columns. By June 1941, the steel frame for the lower levels was erected. Then World War II interfered: the steel frame was cut in 1941 and 1942 and used for Moscow's defense fortifications and railroad bridges. The empty foundation stood unused, filled with seepage water, but well guarded, until 1958. Meanwhile, Iofan's team, relocated to Sverdlovsk, continued perfecting the design.
Palace of the Soviets | Construction
The archives describe the discovery of foundations made up of two semicircular walls nine cubits long and two cubits thick, linked by another two straight walls. No remnants of this monumental apsidal structure have been discovered by subsequent excavations. When the excavations ended in August 1786, the whole area was left in a mess and the structures which had not been recovered were looted. All the mobile objects discovered in these years, including clay lamps, glass vase fragments, keys and nails made of various metals, fibulae, rings and jewelry, are now conserved in the Museo Nazionale di Antichità di Parma.
Luceria | Excavations of Angelo Schenoni (1776-1786)
The MIRA party was created on 2 March 2000 by Carlos Alberto Baena and Alexandra Moreno Piraquive, being elected as party Chairman and Vice chairwoman, respectively. On 20 June of the same year, they requested legal recognition of the party by the National Electoral Council of Colombia, which they obtained on 26 July under the name "Independent Movement of Absolute Renovation".
Independent Movement of Absolute Renovation | Foundation
In March 1966, twenty-five members of the Process moved into a commune at 2 Balfour Place in Mayfair, an affluent area in the West End of London. In May, the group left London and relocated to a remote area. On 23 June, around 30 Church members—accompanied by their six Alsatian dogs—moved to Nassau in the Bahamas. From there, they spent the rest of the summer seeking a more permanent location.
Process Church of the Final Judgment | Foundation: 1963–1966
Operations began in 1775 in the College of Saints Peter and Paul and where the current main office is now. In 1818, Don Viceroy Apodaca ordered the evacuation of the building due to problems with the Independence movement but this did not happen until 1821, when King Ferdinand VII confiscated Jesuit properties. The foundation moved to the Franciscan Convent of Saint Bridget that was on Juárez Avenue and San Juan de Letrán Street (now Eje Central). It moved again in 1836 to two houses on Empedradillo Street off a difference section of the Zocalo that were owned by the Duke of Monteleone, a descendant of Hernan Cortés.
Nacional Monte de Piedad | Origins and history
In 1993, the Center for Political and Social Studies Foundation (CEPS) was founded in Valencia, Spain by left-wing academics that were supporters of Spanish Socialist Workers' Party.
Center for Political and Social Studies Foundation | Origin
In 1890, the Viscount of Ouro Preto issued the manifesto that created the directory: ""The Brazilian republic, as it was proclaimed, is a coup, a work of iniquity. The republic has risen on the bucklers of the mutinous soldiery, comes from a criminal origin, was carried out by means of an attack unprecedented in history and shall have an ephemeral existence!""
Diretório Monárquico do Brasil | Foundation Manifesto
Veterans of the Underground who remained, Jewish leaders who emerged after the fall of Communism and dozens of rabbis sent by Chabad-Lubavitch began building a new infrastructure of synagogues, community centers and day schools throughout the vast territory stretching through ten time zones. The latent embers kept alive by the Jewish underground movement burst into flames to restore literally hundreds of Jewish communities.
Ohr Avner Foundation | History
On 18 December 2006, Hugo Chávez announced plans to dissolve the party, hoping that the 23 other parties that supported his government would follow suit and collectively form the proposed United Socialist Party of Venezuela. Elections the MVR participated in:
Fifth Republic Movement | Dissolution
The Foundation is located in Lexington, Virginia, and contains a library, archive, a museum and administrative offices. The Foundation opened in 1964 on the Post of the Virginia Military Institute, Marshall's alma mater.
George C. Marshall Foundation | The Foundation
The movement's first members were Chávez and his fellow military officers Felipe Acosta Carles and Jesús Urdaneta Hernández. On 17 December 1982, as Chávez biographer Richard Gott reports, the three revolutionary officers swore an oath underneath the great tree at Samán de Güere, near Maracay, repeating the words of the pledge that Simón Bolívar had made in Rome in 1805, when he swore to devote his life to the liberation of Venezuela from Spanish yoke: "I swear before you, and I swear before the God of my fathers, that I will not allow my arm to relax, nor my soul to rest, until I have broken the chains that oppress us..."Gott further explains that the suffix "200" was added to the group's name the following year, in 1983, on the 200th anniversary of South American liberator Simon Bolívar's birth.
Revolutionary Bolivarian Movement-200 | Foundation
Student activists have been mobilizing in Venezuela since as early as 1998. In 2002, the Red Democrática Universitaria Estudantil was founded, a national student federation. According to Rayma López, one of the prominent student leaders involved with the organization, "Student leaders met, but as the police intelligence harassed and prosecuted them, these meetings came to a halt." The movement also experienced issues internally, as there was tension between groups of student from different universities.
2007 Venezuelan referendum protests | Foundation of the Student Movement
The Foundation was legally founded in 1920, adapted by the architect Léon Chifflot, and opened for the first French artists in 1929. The villa was further enlarged by architect (1876-1946) up to 1935. It was built in a Spanish Golden Age revival style, with a clear inspiration from the works of architect Juan de Herrera. In November 1936, during the Civil War, the building was bombed and severely damaged due to its location on the frontline in the Siege of Madrid. It was rebuilt in a simpler style in 1959, losing its characteristic Herrerian slate-covered towers.
Casa de Velázquez | Introduction
Patricia and Gustavo Cisneros began collecting Latin American abstraction after their marriage, in 1970. Over the years, it has grown to more than 2,000 pieces, including about 200 Spanish colonial objects. In addition, the couple have amassed a vast holding of ethnographic material from the Amazon. Based in New York and Caracas, the "Colección Patricia Phelps de Cisneros" today also includes works by Uruguay's Joaquín Torres-García, Brazil's Lygia Clark and Venezuelan modern masters Jesus Soto, Alejandro Otero, and Carlos Cruz-Diez. The Cisneros Foundation was moving toward building a permanent institution in Caracas in the late 1990s until Hugo Chavez was elected president.
Gustavo Cisneros | Philanthropy
The new church did receive public approval from the Democratic Action and Communist parties. On March 8, 1947 Castillo Méndez and the other three founders of the Venezuelan independent church were formally excommunicated from the Roman Catholic Church. The Roman Catholic archbishop, Lucas Guillermo Castillo, stated in the excommunication directive that the four priests had ""violated fundamental dogma of the Roman Catholic Church and held concepts blasphemous, as well as several which are offensive to the person and authority of the Roman Pope Pius XII."" The notice further stated that any Catholics who supported this new church would also be excommunicated.
Luis Fernando Castillo Mendez | Foundation of the Venezuelan Catholic Apostolic Church
On the same day Hugo Chávez was elected president in the presidential elections with 59.5% of votes. In the parliamentary elections of 4 December 2005, the party won 114 out of 167 seats with allied parties winning the remaining seats. Opposition parties had unexpectedly withdrawn several days before election day, and turnout was just 25%. In December 2006 and January 2007 the party started its dissolution, to form the proposed United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV). It merged into PSUV on 20 October 2007.
Fifth Republic Movement | Introduction
In 1960 Tovilla-Cortazar founded a private company specializing in pile foundations in Mexico City. By 1970, his company had built deep foundations in the complicated clay soils of Mexico City. Tovilla-Cortazar was hired by the Veracruz Port Authority to build and rehabilitate the pile foundations for the Port. This work was nationally recognized. In 1972 he was hired to test deep foundations for the construction of the Steel Company Las Truchas, a Federal de-regulated agency located on the Pacific coast. The paper "New Reaction System for Mounting Static Load Test in Piers and Piles", was published by Deep Foundations Journal.
Estanislao Tovilla Cortázar | Pier and Pile Foundations Research and Development
Ouen (), which was founded in 535. The quantity of 6th-century objects unearthed during 19th-century excavations seem to confirm the traditional foundation date. Flavius is also said to have changed the fountain of a pagan temple to a baptistry. According to an ancient chronicle of Jumièges, his body was buried in "St. Peter's Basilica", which seems more likely to mean the church of the abbey he founded than the basilica of that name in Rome. His feast day is 23 August.
Flavius of Rouen | Biography
Marchers carried images of missing persons, wooden crosses, and signs, fashioned for a hoped-for encounter with the Pope. On 15 September 1992, the President Alberto Fujimori accused Mendoza of being a member of Shining Path and an "ambassador of terrorism." Threatened with imprisonment by Fujimori, Mendoza worked in secret for a period of two years before the Ministry of Justice declared the accusation to be vacuous.
Angélica Mendoza de Ascarza | Foundation of the ANFASEP
The foundation is of river stone masonry, with lime and sand mortar. The depth of the foundations and columns of the buildings of the building is about seven meters, by the level of the floor of the Crypt. In the Towers, the foundations reach a depth of four meters. This was proved in May 1972, by the excavation carried out by Architect Ramírez, when the terrain was tested.
New Cathedral of Cuenca | <a href="Foundation%20%28engineering%29">Foundation (engineering)</a>
Construction of the column of independence topped by a depiction of winged victory was ordered in 1900 by President Porfirio Díaz. Antonio Rivas Mercado began to design the monument, envisioned as a column with both classical and modern elements, with bronze statues at its base. The foundation stone was laid on January 2, 1902. Placed in it a gold chest with a record of independence and a series of coins minted in that epoch. But in May 1906, when the foundations were built and 2,400 stones placed to a height of 25 m, the sides of the monument collapsed, so Díaz created a study commission composed of engineers Guillermo Beltrán y Puga, Manuel Marroquín y Rivera, and Gonzalo Garita.
Angel of Independence | History
Degetau had no children and he wrote a will to establish a foundation whereby his widow and a friend would receive an usufruct in life of half of his property and the other half would be destined to "an institution of culture in this Island of Puerto Rico, as a library, museum". The beneficiaries of the trustees and beneficiaries of the trust soon became engaged in litigation. The failure of the Degetau trust to achieve its objective was caused in part because the U.S. institution known as a "foundation" did not exist in the Puerto Rican civil code. As a result, Degetau's will was never firmly established, and the corpus was almost completely lost.
Federico Degetau | Aftermath
The law was suspended on September 12 by the Constitutional Court of Spain after accepting an appeal from the Spanish government.
Law of juridical transition and foundation of the Republic | Introduction
Alberto and Elena Cortina Foundation ("Fundación Alberto y Elena Cortina" in Spanish) is a nonprofit organization, of Spanish nationality, founded by Alberto Cortina and his wife Elena Cué, on July 8, 2011. The foundation goal is to promote, create, develop and aid individuals and projects with all kinds of charity and education aims, and with a special focus on children. 100% of the funds used by the Foundation for the development, management and maintenance of projects, come exclusively from contributions from the two founding partners, Mr. Alberto Cortina and Mrs. Elena Cue Cortina. In Haiti, the foundation provided assistance to families affected by the earthquake of 2010, in the refugee camp of Tabarre ( in the outskirts of Puerto Príncipe), The foundation helped more than 1200 people, 400 of whom were children.
Alberto and Elena Cortina Foundation | Introduction
The piers were made of concrete mixture deposited in detachable forms. The piers were built in two sections, separated by horizontal "collars" that surrounded them. After the piers were built, the rest of the foundation was excavated by hand to a depth of below the curb to provide space for the basement vaults. The walls of the adjacent buildings were shored up during these excavations. Distributing girders, which supported the superstructure's columns, were located deep, slightly beneath the subbasement floor. The vault walls to the east and south were made of concrete poured thick and reinforced with vertical rods whose centers were spaced apart.
Liberty Tower (Manhattan) | Foundation
The constitutive convention of the Movimiento Renovador Sandinista (MRS) was held on 21 May 1995 on the occasion of Augusto C. Sandino's births centenary (18 May 1895). The convention approved the MRS's foundational documents: Principles, program, statutes, and elected its first national authorities. These foundation documents proceeded to be the guiding principles in this establishment. From its birth, the founders of the MRS declared their commitment to the postulates of democracy, peace, social equity, and civic struggle.
Sandinista Renovation Movement | History
In the mid-1950s, John Gardner, F. Emerson Andrews, and other foundation leaders created a "strategic gathering place for knowledge about foundations," positing that transparency would be the best defense against congressional inquiries about private foundation activities and spending. Board chair of Carnegie Corporation of New York at that time, Russell Leffingwell, told a McCarthy-era Congressional hearing that "We think that the foundation should have glass pockets." This statement helped to define the purpose of Foundation Center – known then as the Foundation Library Center – as it opened in New York City on November 26, 1956. Its founding president was F.
Foundation Center | History
The book also noted that Hari Seldon was a social scientist, not a physical one. When the two Foundations were founded, they could be described as being at opposite "social" ends of the Galaxy, with Trantor at the very center of galactic power and prestige, and Terminus at the other extreme, something the First Foundation failed to realize because its members were inclined to analyze Seldon's statement in physical terms.
Second Foundation | "Part II: Search By the Foundation"
Foundation of Freedom ("Fondazione della Libertà") was a liberal-conservative think tank connected to The People of Freedom, a political party in Italy. Founded in 2010 by Altero Matteoli, it can be seen as a continuation of New Alliance, a major faction within National Alliance (merged into PdL in 2009), through the PdL. However, while New Alliance represented the wing of National Alliance closer to the leader Gianfranco Fini, Matteoli and his group distanced from Fini, after that he started to criticize Silvio Berlusconi, and are now much more closer to the latter. Foundation of Freedom is thus a keen supporter of Berlusconi's leadership and opposes the moves of Generation Italy, the minority faction around Fini.
Foundation of Freedom | Introduction
Barberi, with the permission of the Passionist General, visited the site in November 1840, though Ignatius Spencer warned Barberi that the situation in England would mean this would not be a favourable time to make such a foundation. Barberi set out for England once more in October 1841, where he was greeted with stares and suspicion, not only as a Catholic priest, but for the strange garb of the Passionist habit. J. Brodrick SJ, in his work on the "Second Spring" of Catholicism in England, says of FBarberi's arrival, "The second spring did not begin when Newman was converted nor when the hierarchy was restored.
Dominic Barberi | Foundations in Belgium and England
The site was excavated between 27 August and 31 December. On 13 January 1862 the first concrete foundations were poured, starting at the front and progressing sequentially toward the back, with the laying of the substructure masonry beginning as soon as each section of concrete was cast. The opera house needed a much deeper basement in the substage area than other building types, but the level of the groundwater was unexpectedly high. Wells were sunk in February 1862 and eight steam pumps installed in March, but despite operating continuously 24 hours a day, the site would not dry up. To deal with this problem Garnier designed a double foundation to protect the superstructure from moisture.
Palais Garnier | Laying of the foundation
The ARM, then known as the Australian Republican Movement, was founded on 7 July 1991. Its first chairman was novelist Thomas Keneally, with other founding members including lawyer Malcolm Turnbull, later Prime Minister, former Australian cricket captain Ian Chappell, and film director Fred Schepisi. It is currently headed by journalist and author Peter FitzSimons.
Australian Republic Movement | Foundation
The Favaloro Foundation ("Fundación Favaloro para la Investigación y la Docencia Médica") is an Argentine scientific institution dedicated to medical teaching and research. It was founded in 1975 by René Favaloro with the support of the Cleveland Clinic in the United States where Favaloro worked for many years.
Fundación Favaloro | Introduction
On 8 July 1948 the "María Eva Duarte de Perón Foundation" was established. Its name was later changed to the simpler "Eva Perón Foundation". Its opening charter declared that it was to remain "‘in the sole hands of its founder… who will… possess the widest powers afforded by the State and the Constitution.’" The Foundation's aims were to provide monetary assistance and scholarships to gifted children from impoverished backgrounds, build homes, schools, hospitals and orphanages in underprivileged areas and "‘to contribute or collaborate by any possible means to the creation of works tending to satisfy the basic needs for better life of the less privileged classes.’" Initially work began with nothing more than garden parties for single mothers or Evita’s personal trips to the ghettoes of Buenos Aires to hand out aid parcels.
Eva Perón Foundation | The Foundation's Beginnings
The Carlos de Amberes Foundation (Spanish: "Fundación Carlos de Amberes") is a charitable foundation located in Madrid, Spain. It was founded when Carlos de Amberes donated his goods in 1594 to create a hostel; Carlos was a native of Antwerp (Amberes in Spanish), and bequeathed all his property to support people from the Low Countries visiting Spain. The emphasis has now shifted to cultural projects, although the original purpose was assisting pilgrims and people visiting court. Among others the Foundation is composed of: His Majesty King Juan Carlos, the Belgian Ambassador to Madrid, the President of the Community of Madrid, the Mayor of Madrid, the Head of His Majesty's Office, the President of the Association of Friends of the "Foundation Carlos de Amberes" in Belgium, the Ambassador of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg to Madrid, the Ambassador of the Kingdom of The Netherlands to Madrid, the President of the Council of State, the Director General of the Spanish Heritage at the Council of Europe, the President of the Spanish Olympic Committee, the Director of the Prado Museum and the Manager of the Royal Tapestry Factory and representatives of Spanish and Benelux institutions and companies.
Fundación Carlos de Amberes | Introduction
The stone foundations of an unidentified adobe on the east edge of Mission Hill in Santa Cruz was first discovered in 1978. Prior to any excavations an extensive archival research program was carried out. After no mention was found in the written record, the foundations were given the name the "Lost Adobe". Archaeological excavations (from 1981–84) indicated the presence of 18+ rooms structural foundations extending west toward the original church and cemetery. Artifacts found were a diverse collection of Spanish Mission Era/ Mexican Republic materials including glass beads, Majolica ceramic fragments and phoenix buttons. These findings suggest that the structure was used to house the neophyte community of "Yokut" and "Ohlone" families living at the Mission in the 1820s and 1830s.
Mission Santa Cruz | Unidentified adobe foundations
Victoria Kent and Margarita Nelken founded the Foundation for Women () in 1918. Foundation for Women was a radical socialist organization at its inception, and aligned themselves with PSOE. The organization opposed women's suffrage, even as its founders sat in Spain's Cortes. The belief was if women were given the right to vote, most women would vote as their husbands and the Catholic Church told them to. This would fundamentally damage the secular nature of the Second Republic, by bringing in a democratically elected right wing government.
Women in the Second Spanish Republic | Foundation for Women
In her will, Elvira Badaracco donated her assets to the Study Center, naming Annarita Buttafuoco as the life guarantor of the economic, scientific and political heritage she left behind, requiring the transformation of the Center into a Foundation. The Elvira Badaracco Foundation was established in December 1994 and Marina Zancan was named president. On the death of Annarita Buttafuoco in 1999, the role of guarantor passed to Marina Zancan.
Elvira Badaracco | Center for Historical Studies
After the Philippines, foundations were established in China, the United States, the Belgian Congo. De Meester returned to Belgium in 1923 and in 1928 died in Heverlee (now part of the city of Leuven) at the age of 71.
Marie Louise De Meester | Foundress
In 1997 he founded the José Antonio Primo de Rivera Foundation. In 1999, together with Ángel Carrera Zabaleta and Luis Manuel Rodríguez Jamet, he founded the Ramiro Ledesma Ramos Foundation, of which he was president. The last century abandoned political party militancy.
Gustavo Morales | Falangist Period
The Second Foundation was founded by Hari Seldon as a budding colony of psychologists and mentalics, people with telepathic abilities, located "at Star's End", an intentionally obscure term used by Seldon, which is later revealed to refer to the planet Trantor. In "Forward the Foundation", the original Second Foundation is revealed to also include Hari's own granddaughter, Wanda Seldon, and his bodyguard Stettin Palver. The establishment, location and development of this Foundation was a secret, "drowned in silence" to increase its effectiveness and security. Whilst the First Foundation was strong in the physical sciences, the Second Foundation was strong in the mental sciences, including the continued development of psychohistory.
Second Foundation | The organization
The Foundation funded the refurbishment of his ancestors’ house in Metsovo, which today is a folk art museum, as well as the reconstruction of the town’s elementary school which had burned down in 1947. The Foundation also funded the construction of a hospital, a sawmill, a creamery, a gym, a ski center and many other public benefit and development projects. Furthermore, the Foundation funded the completion of more than 107 schools in Epirus as well as the construction of a student dorm in Kato Kifissia (Athens suburb) for university students from Epirus.
Foundation of Baron Michael Tositsas | The activity of the Foundation
The foundations of Hadrianopolis were first discovered in 1984 when upper sections of the amphitheater were noticed by local farmers. Italian and Albanian archaeologists subsequently excavated much of the site, revealing a full amphitheater, Roman baths, and changing rooms. The site of the agora (forum) has been detected using ground radar, and excavation is expected in the period 2018 onwards. In the amphitheater, there are post holes for iron railings on first row seats. Also some "changing rooms" - originally for actors - were converted to holding pens for wild animals. This was a site where Romans fed enemies of the state to wild animals.
Dropull | History
POR-Masas was blocked from joining FRI. Óscar Zamora Medinaceli was the funding chairman of FRI, and politically FRI was under the control of PCB(ML). Lidia Gueiler Tejada was the vice president of FRI. The declaration of principles of FRI read FRI is the political instrument of the masses, which enables the accumulation of forces in order to defeat the dictatorship, impose democratic freedoms and achieve national liberation...
Revolutionary Left Front (Bolivia) | Foundation
The idea for the foundation of a Belgian historical institute in Rome for the identification and publishing of Italian sources relating to Belgian history came from the ecclesiastical historian Alfred Cauchie, professor at the Catholic University of Leuven. He published a pamphlet to this effect in 1896. The institute was founded in 1902, in the Palazzo Rusticucci-Accoramboni, with Ursmer Berlière as its first director.
Belgian Historical Institute in Rome | Foundation
The organization was structured through services or departments to which they should develop the tasks entrusted. This structure was not stable and permanent, but, although it suffered several modifications, always maintained the foundational purposes. The founding law pointed to the existence of a physical education advisor and another of religion, whose first holders were Lieutenant General Joaquín Agulla and Jiménez-Coronado, and the Patriarch Leopoldo Eijo y Garay, respectively.
Frente de Juventudes | Organization and structure
The next day in the Time Vault the holographic video of Hari Seldon in his wheelchair appears. He reveals that the Encyclopedia Galactica is actually a distraction intended to make the colony's creation possible. The true purpose of the Foundation is to form one nucleus of a Second Galactic Empire and shorten the predicted period of chaos to a mere thousand years, rather than thirty thousand years.
Foundation (Asimov novel) | "The Encyclopedists"
The Ruiz-Mateos Foundation was created in 1978 under the sponsorship of the Ruiz-Mateos family, for the stated purpose of developing cultural pursuits, especially the visual arts, music and literature. The foundation runs competitions annually, and awards a prize called the "Villa de Rota" in each of these three areas. The Foundation's collection of contemporary art is funded by the competition entrance fees and by the donations of exhibitors who use its exhibition rooms. Among other artists, the museum exhibits works by Manuel Benitez Reyes, Wenceslao Robles and Francisco Luque. The Foundation museum, created in 2005, is located in an old family house built in 1865.
José María Ruiz-Mateos | Foundation Ruiz Mateos
Foundation works commenced in 2007 and was completed in 2012.
Un Chau Estate | Background
These 37 young people were the founding members in the steering committee meeting, where Vicente Otero was established as the first president of the institution.
Club Villa Mitre | Foundation
Sister Mary Ann and Mother Hyacinth were looking for property in Blauveltville, when they came across a "For Sale" sign in front of the Eustace property on Western Highway. They decided to stop and look at the house and property. As they entered the parlor, they were surprised to see an original Grellet painting of the founder of their Order, Saint Dominic, raising a dead child to life—a miracle which had occurred at Saint Sixtus in Rome in the 13th century. For the two nuns, this was a sign and Sister Mary Ann exclaimed, "Here we shall be."
Dominican Sisters of Blauvelt | Early foundations
He was ahead of his time by giving strong support to the laity as well as promoting various media. He founded the "Revista la Cruz" which continues to be edited. Besides being a great Egyptologist, he dedicated himself to the creation and promotion of schools and hospitals.
Félix de Jesús Rougier | Foundations
Project Dignity was first announced on March 24, 2019. On January 22, 2020, the party was officially certified as the 5th political party running in the 2020 general election. Afterwards in May, César Vázquez Muñiz, cardiologist; and Ada Norah Henriquez, attorney at law, were nominated for Governor and Resident Commissioner respectively.
Proyecto Dignidad | Foundation
It was founded in 1995 by Ferdinando Adornato and Ernesto Galli della Loggia, as a liberal-democratic inspiration foundation that bridged between the left opposition (formed by the Democratic Party of the Left) and that of the Centre (composed by the Italian People's Party), to build a new alternative to the Centre-right coalition of Silvio Berlusconi. The first steering committee included: Ferdinando Adornato, Antonio Baldassarre, Augusto Antonio Barbera, Rodolfo Brancoli, Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, Franco Debenedetti, Diego Della Valle, Ernesto Galli della Loggia, Alfio Marchini, Mino Martinazzoli, Vittorio Merloni, Angelo Panebianco, Sergio Romano, Cesare Romiti, Giorgio Rumi and Marco Tronchetti Provera. The official organ of the foundation was the monthly "Liberal".
Liberal Foundation | History
The foundation stone was laid on 6 November 1927. A charter written in the Church Slavonic language, with signatures of the members of the association (all female), was built into the foundations. The charter was placed in the bottle filled with oil which was then placed in a tin box. The foundations were consecrated by the Bishop of Timok, . Representative of the Ministry was poet Veljko Petrović.
Cvijeta Zuzorić Art Pavilion | Construction
Before the school was founded, a small school affiliated with the church had existed on the current parking lot grounds of the church. This early school was housed in a wooden structure that was destroyed when Hurricane Philip struck Puerto Rico in 1928. This early school had only been an elementary school that had added a new grade every year.
Academia Interamericana Metro | Before foundation
The Francisco Franco National Foundation (Spanish: Fundación Nacional Francisco Franco, FNFF for short) or National Francisco Franco Foundation is a foundation created in 1976 which promotes a positive interpretation of the Spanish dictator Francisco Franco. The only child of Franco, Carmen Franco (1926-2017) led the organisation and later became its honorary president. In 2017 200,000 people signed a petition, calling on the Spanish government to ban the organisation. In 2018, after new Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez promised that Franco's remains would be removed from the Valley of the Fallen, the Foundation collected a petition with 24,000 signatures to oppose the proposal, with its leader, General Juan Chicharro Ortega, calling the site a "monument to reconciliation".
Francisco Franco National Foundation | Introduction
The 1963–65 excavations revealed that the mound under the demolished later era priest home, contained the brick foundation for a sanctum ("garbhagriya") and pillared halls ("mandalas") of an elliptical temple. Further excavations below the foundation revealed a different foundation of likely a more ancient temple. These ancient temple foundation, layout and structures were similar to those discovered at Chittorgarh (Rajasthan). A more comprehensive excavation underneath the pillar and around the pillar led to the discovery that the pillar itself was much deeper, had a metal-stone interface, features Cunningham's early report had missed, and that secondary foundations were added over time to match the new ground level after major floods.
Heliodorus pillar | Fourth survey in 1963-1965
The Arranz-Bravo Foundation is an area dedicated to contemporary art in L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, the aim of which is twofold: to disseminate the art of painter Eduard Arranz-Bravo (Barcelona, 1941) and promote contemporary creation among youth. While it awaits the opening of its final location, the old L'Hospitalet mill, the Foundation is provisionally located in the old warehouses of the Tecla Sala textile factory, a project designed by architect Jordi Garcés. The Foundation is part of the Barcelona Provincial Council Local Museum Network.
Arranz-Bravo Foundation | Introduction
Despite this, instability problems developed after the Palace was completed, and settlement led to a need for a painstaking restoration project which was begun in 1970. The excavations for the foundations unearthed several archaeological finds, including some sarcophagi. In one of these was found the skeleton of a young woman, Crepereia Tryphaena, together with a superbly crafted articulated ivory doll, now conserved in the "Centrale Montemartini" museum.
Palace of Justice, Rome | History
Perhaps this and other facts have survived in the collective memory and over the passage of time, this has become the year considered the foundation of the community.
Tres Valles | Foundation
The underground network was active until the Velvet Revolution saw the overthrow of the Communist Party in 1989. The Foundation continued to support education in the new Czech Republic. In October 1998 at Magdalen College, Oxford, President Václav Havel awarded the Foundation, Kathy Wilkes and Barbara Day Commemorative Medals of the President of the Republic. Roger Scruton was awarded the Medal of Merit (First Class) of the Czech Republic. A plaque was unveiled at the Faculty of Divinity at Cambridge in October 2018 to commemorate the faculty's support, and in November 2019 the British ambassador to the Czech Republic, Nick Archer, unveiled a plaque on the building in Keramická Street, in the Letná area of Prague, in which the early underground seminars were held.
Jan Hus Educational Foundation | Velvet Revolution