The Double Seven Day Scuffle was a physical altercation on July 7, 1963, in Saigon, South Vietnam. The secret police of Ngô Đình Nhu—the brother of President Ngô Đình Diệm—attacked a group of US journalists who were covering protests held by Buddhists on the ninth anniversary of Diệm's rise to power. Peter Arnett of the Associated Press (AP) was punched on the nose, and the quarrel quickly ended after David Halberstam of "The New York Times", being much taller than Nhu's men, counterattacked and caused the secret police to retreat. Arnett and his colleague, the Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist and photographer Malcolm Browne, were later accosted by policemen at their office and taken away for questioning on suspicion of attacking policemen.
Introduction
Double Seven Day scuffle
Double Seven Day scuffle | Introduction
Yes. Yes, they were Yes Arnett has New Zealand and US citizenship, Browne is US journalist
what is the double seven day scuffle?
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A physical altercation on July 7, 1963.
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between who?
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The secret police of Ngô Đình Nhu—the brother of President Ngô Đình Diệm—and a group of US journalists.
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who was arrested?
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Browne and Arnett.
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who was interrogated?
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Browne and Arnett.
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why did it take place?
user
Because of the Huế Phật Đản shootings.
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was anybody injured or harmed?
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Yes, nine unarmed Buddhist civilians were killed.
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were browne and arnett the us journalists?
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After their release, the journalists went to the US embassy in Saigon to complain about their treatment at the hands of Diệm's officials and asked for US government protection. Their appeals were dismissed, as was a direct appeal to the White House. Through the efforts of US Ambassador Frederick Nolting, the assault charges laid against the journalists were subsequently dropped. Vietnamese Buddhists reacted to the incident by contending that Diệm's men were planning to assassinate monks, while Madame Nhu repeated earlier claims that the US government had been trying to overthrow her brother-in-law. Browne took photographs of Arnett's bloodied face, which were published in newspapers worldwide.
Double Seven Day scuffle | Introduction
American pressmen had been alerted to an upcoming Buddhist demonstration to coincide with Double Seven Day at Chanatareansey Pagoda in the north of Saigon. The nine-man group, which included Arnett, Browne, AP photographer Horst Faas, David Halberstam, Neil Sheehan of "United Press International", and CBS's Peter Kalischer and photographer Joseph Masraf waited outside the building with their equipment. After an hour-long religious ceremony, the Buddhist monks, numbering around 300, filed out of the pagoda into a narrow alley along a side street, where they were blocked and ordered to stop by plain-clothed policemen. The Buddhists did not resist, but Arnett and Browne began taking photos of the confrontation.
Double Seven Day scuffle | Incident
The Double Seven Day Scuffle was a physical altercation on July 7, 1963, in Saigon, South Vietnam. The secret police of Ngô Đình Nhu—the brother of President Ngô Đình Diệm—attacked a group of US journalists who were covering protests held by Buddhists on the ninth anniversary of Diệm's rise to power. Peter Arnett of the Associated Press (AP) was punched on the nose, and the quarrel quickly ended after David Halberstam of "The New York Times", being much taller than Nhu's men, counterattacked and caused the secret police to retreat. Arnett and his colleague, the Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist and photographer Malcolm Browne, were later accosted by policemen at their office and taken away for questioning on suspicion of attacking policemen.
Double Seven Day scuffle | Introduction
The police, who were loyal to Ngo Dinh Nhu, thereupon punched Arnett in the nose, knocked him to the ground, kicked him with their pointed-toe shoes, and broke his camera. Halberstam, who won a Pulitzer Prize for his coverage of the Buddhist crisis, was a tall man, standing around taller than the average Vietnamese policeman. He waded into the fracas swinging his arms, reportedly saying "Get back, get back, you sons of bitches, or I'll beat the shit out of you!" Nhu's men ran away without waiting for a Vietnamese translation, but not before Browne had clambered up a power pole and taken photos of Arnett's bloodied face.
Double Seven Day scuffle | Incident
The police smashed Browne's camera, but his photographic film survived the impact. The other journalists were jostled and rocks were thrown at them. Photos of Arnett's bloodied face were circulated in US newspapers and caused further ill-feeling towards Diem's regime, with the images of the burning Thich Quang Duc on the front pages still fresh in the minds of the public. Halberstam's report estimated that the altercation lasted for around ten minutes and also admitted that the pressmen had tried to apprehend the policeman who had smashed Browne's camera but were shielded by the rock-wielding policeman's colleagues. He also claimed that the secret policemen had also tried to seize equipment from Masraf and Faas.
Double Seven Day scuffle | Incident
This drew further negative attention to the behaviour of the Diệm régime amidst the backdrop of the Buddhist crisis.
Double Seven Day scuffle | Introduction
Browne and Arnett in turn filed charges against the police over the altercation, and demanded compensation for the damage to their photographic equipment. Arnett and Browne were temporarily released in the evening, after which the whole Saigon press corps stormed the US embassy. Browne and Arnett were called in for five hours of questioning on the following day. Arnett was accompanied by a British embassy official who, reflecting Arnett's New Zealand citizenship, provided consular assistance on behalf of Wellington. In the end, Diem agreed to have the charges against Browne and Arnett dropped after hours of heated argument with US Ambassador Frederick Nolting, who had returned from his vacation.
Double Seven Day scuffle | Arrest and interrogation
The indignant reporters stridently accused the Diem regime of causing the altercation, whereas the police claimed that the journalists threw the first punch. Embassy official John Mecklin noted that even Diem's media officials were privately skeptical about the veracity of the testimony of Nhu's men. In a heated meeting at the embassy, the press corps demanded that William Trueheart, the acting US Ambassador to South Vietnam in the absence of the vacationing Frederick Nolting, deliver a formal protest to Diem on behalf of the American government. Trueheart angered them by refusing to do so and blaming both sides for the confrontation.
Double Seven Day scuffle | Reaction
Later on the same day, the US State Department released a statement in Washington DC, announcing that the Saigon Embassy had informally complained to and asked Diem's regime for an explanation regarding the incident, and said that officials were studying various accounts of the incident and that it was American policy to look out for the interests of their citizens regardless of their background or occupation. Since the embassy was unwilling to provide government protection against police aggression, the journalists appealed directly to the White House. Browne, Halberstam, Sheehan and Kalischer wrote a letter to US President John F. Kennedy, asserting that the regime had begun a full-scale campaign of "open physical intimidation to prevent the covering of news which we feel Americans have a right to know", which was noted by the press secretary Pierre Salinger.
Double Seven Day scuffle | Reaction
Later on during the day of the altercation, the police collected Browne and Arnett from the AP bureau in Saigon and took the pair to what they described as a "safe house". The police interrogators said that they would be arrested but were unspecific about the charges. One charge was that of assaulting two police officers, but the interrogators hinted that more serious offences such as organising illegal demonstrations were being considered. The officers conversed among themselves in French, a language which the reporters did not speak, but Arnett thought that they mentioned the word "espionage". After four hours of questioning, the pair were charged with assault.
Double Seven Day scuffle | Arrest and interrogation
He said that he did not believe a formal protest was possible given that it could not be proven that the violence was pre-meditated but claimed to believe the journalists' version of events. He also noted that Vietnamese officials had claimed that incident was simply a matter of "a few people lost their heads". In his report to Washington, Trueheart asserted that the uniformed policemen had tacitly helped their plainclothed counterparts, but he also had "no doubt that [the] reporters, at least once [the] fracas had started, acted in [a] belligerent manner towards [the] police". Trueheart contended that since the journalists had a long history of bad blood with the Diem regime, their word could not be taken over that of the Vietnamese police.
Double Seven Day scuffle | Reaction
The incident occurred during a period of popular unrest by the Buddhist majority against the Roman Catholic rule of Diệm. Buddhist discontent had grown since the Huế Phật Đản shootings on May 8, 1963. The government decided to selectively invoke a law, prohibiting the display of religious flags, by banning the use of the Buddhist flag on Vesak, the birthday of Gautama Buddha. One week earlier, the Vatican flag had been flown at a celebration for Archbishop Ngô Đình Thục, Diệm's brother. The Buddhists defied the ban, flying their flags on Vesak and holding a demonstration, which was ended with government gunfire and eight or nine deaths.
Double Seven Day scuffle | Background
Diem's address on Double Seven Day worsened the mood of Vietnamese society. He stated that the "problems raised by the General Association of Buddhists have just been settled." He reinforced perceptions that he was out of touch by attributing any lingering problems to the "underground intervention of international red agents and Communist fellow travelers who in collusion with fascist ideologues disguised as democrats were surreptitiously seeking to revive and rekindle disunity at home while arousing public opinions against us abroad". The remark about fascists was seen as a reference to the conspiratorial Dai Viet Quoc Dan Dang who had long been enemies of Diem, but his address attacked all those who had criticised him in the past.
Double Seven Day scuffle | Incident
He no longer trusted anyone outside his family and considered himself to be a martyr.
Double Seven Day scuffle | Incident
The night of July 6, 1963, had started in a festive mood as Diệm awarded decorations to military officers at a ceremony. Among those in the audience were Generals Trần Văn Đôn and Dương Văn Minh, the Chief of Staff of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam and the Presidential Military Advisor, respectively. They had returned from observing SEATO military exercises in Thailand, where they had been informed about the regional disquiet over Diem's policies towards the Buddhists.
Double Seven Day scuffle | Background
7 July was the ninth anniversary of Diệm's 1954 ascension to Prime Minister of the State of Vietnam. American pressmen had been alerted to a Buddhist demonstration to coincide with Double Seven Day at the Chanatareansey Pagoda in northern Saigon. When the Buddhists filed out of the pagoda into an adjacent alley, they were blocked by Nhu's secret police. When Peter Arnett and Malcolm Browne began taking photos, the police punched Arnett in the nose, floored him, threw rocks and broke his camera. Browne took photos of Arnett's bloodied face, and while the police smashed his camera, the film survived.
Ngô Đình Nhu | Buddhist crisis
The killings sparked nationwide protests by South Vietnam's Buddhist majority against the policies of Diệm's regime. The Buddhists demanded that Diệm give them religious equality, but with their demands unfulfilled, the protests increased in magnitude. The most notable of these was the self-immolation of Thích Quảng Đức on June 11, which was iconically photographed by the media and became a negative symbol of the Diệm régime. Known as Double Seven Day, July 7 was the ninth anniversary of Diệm's 1954 ascension to Prime Minister of the State of Vietnam. In October 1955, following a fraudulent referendum, Diệm established the Republic of Vietnam, generally known as South Vietnam, and declared himself President.
Double Seven Day scuffle | Background
During his early years in journalism, Arnett worked in Southeast Asia, largely based in Bangkok. In 1960 he started publishing a small English-language newspaper in Laos. Eventually, he made his way to Vietnam, which the French had abandoned after being defeated at Dien Bien Phu by communists from North Vietnam. Arnett became a reporter for the Associated Press, based in Saigon in the South, in the years when the United States began to get involved in the civil conflict and through the Vietnam War. On 7 July 1963, in what became known as the Double Seven Day scuffle, he was injured in a widely reported physical altercation between a group of western journalists and South Vietnamese undercover police.
Peter Arnett | Vietnam
Photos of Arnett's bloodied face were circulated in US newspapers and caused further embarrassment for Diệm and Nhu. The Saigon press corps officially protest Nhu's "open physical intimidation to prevent the covering of news which we feel Americans have a right to know". There were persistent reports that Nhu was seeking to usurp real power from Diệm and would attack the Buddhists. In a media interview, Nhu said that if the Buddhist crisis was not resolved, he would stage a coup, quickly demolish the Xá Lợi Pagoda, where the Buddhists were massing to coordinate their activities, and head a new anti-Buddhist government.
Ngô Đình Nhu | Buddhist crisis
Peter Arnett of the Associated Press (AP) was punched in the nose, but the quarrel quickly ended after David Halberstam of "The New York Times", being much taller than Nhu's men, counterattacked and caused the secret police to retreat. Arnett and his colleague, the Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist and photographer Malcolm Browne, were later accosted by police at their office and taken away for questioning on suspicion of attacking police officers. In the end, Diem agreed to have the charges against Browne and Arnett dropped after intervention from the US Embassy. On the same day, Diem publicly claimed that the "problems raised by the General Association of Buddhists have just been settled." He reinforced perceptions that he was out of touch by attributing any lingering problems to the "underground intervention of international red agents and Communist fellow travelers who in collusion with fascist ideologues disguised as democrats were surreptitiously seeking to revive and rekindle disunity at home while arousing public opinions against us abroad".
Buddhist crisis | July 1963
Fifteen internees died in the "Kenpeitai"s cells during the Double Tenth inquisition. The suffering spread to the entire civilian population of Changi Prison; rations were cut, and games, concerts, plays, and school lessons were forbidden for months.
Double Tenth incident | Innocent victims
On the night of 4 August, a "Tokyo Shimbun" cameraman and a Japanese TV reporter, along with two Hong Kong reporters making reports near the police post were detained by security. The two Hong Kong reporters were not harmed; however, the Japanese reporters were beaten and punched. All four were released after two hours of detention. The Japanese government protested the Chinese actions, although it has made no formal statement as there was no confirmation. Chinese officials and police in Kashgar have apologised for the incident, but accused the two men of breaking rules.
2008 Kashgar attack | Detention of media
The people killed included Mangudadatu's wife, his two sisters, journalists, lawyers, aides, and motorists who were witnesses or were mistakenly identified as part of the convoy. The Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) has called the Maguindanao massacre the single deadliest event for journalists in history. At least 34 journalists are known to have died in the massacre. Even before the Maguindanao massacre, the CPJ had labeled the Philippines the second most dangerous country for journalists, second only to Iraq.
Maguindanao massacre | Introduction
On the day the No Gun Ri killings began, the Eighth Army ordered all units to stop refugees from crossing their lines. In subsequent articles, the AP reported that many more South Korean civilians were killed when the U.S. military blew up two Naktong River bridges packed with refugees on August 4, 1950, and when other refugee columns were strafed by U.S. aircraft in the war's first months. The AP team (Sang-hun Choe, Charles J. Hanley, Martha Mendoza and Randy Herschaft) was awarded the 2000 Pulitzer Prize for Investigative Reporting for their reporting on No Gun Ri, along with receiving 10 other major national and international journalism awards.
No Gun Ri massacre | Associated Press story
Nicholas (aged 14) and Paul (aged 15) were killed by the blast and the others were seriously injured. Doreen, Dowager Lady Brabourne (aged 83), died from her injuries the following day.
Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma | Assassination
military Apache helicopter in Baghdad. During 2004, cameramen Adlan Khasanov in Chechnya and Dhia Najim in Iraq were also killed. In April 2008, cameraman Fadel Shana was killed in the Gaza Strip after being hit by an Israeli tank. While covering China's Cultural Revolution in Peking in the late 1960s for Reuters, journalist Anthony Grey was detained by the Chinese government in response to the jailing of several Chinese journalists by the colonial British government of Hong Kong. He was released after being imprisoned for 27 months from 1967 to 1969 and was awarded an OBE by the British Government.
Reuters | Journalists
On 3 May, World Press Freedom Day, around 100 Burundian journalists marched into Bujumbura to demonstrate support for Kavumbagu. On 13 May, Kavumbagu was acquitted of treason, but found guilty on the charge of publishing an article "likely to discredit the state or economy". He was sentenced to eight months' imprisonment and released for time served. Human Rights Watch and the Committee to Protect Journalists protested the verdict, the latter reiterating its belief that "Burundi should decriminalize press offenses and allow journalists to speak and write freely without fear of harassment or arrest".
Jean-Claude Kavumbagu | Bombing response and second trial
Various reports from the period say that two of those who were seriously wounded died two months later, but these could not be corroborated by formal media outlets given the limitations on freedom of the press in the Philippines at the time.
Daet massacre | Introduction
Sathasivam Baskaran was killed during the relaxation of the strict curfew. Jaffna is under virtual martial raising questions as how assailants could kill him or a series of other journalists and escape. This led to accusations that the killing was carried out by Security forces or paramilitary allied with them.
Sathasivam Baskaran | Incident
In reaction to the journalist's deaths, people opened their eyes to the dangers that these men face on a day-to-day basics just trying to do their jobs. Precautions were starting to be made in these foreign countries when journalists were traveling. In the time of their death, they had no security as they could walk around freely. They had no form of protection, but from each other. There was demand for better protection. Now, journalists have security whether it be where they are staying or following them around as they work. Not only are the journalist's put into danger, but there camera crew or people helping them as well.
Shootings of Gabriel Grüner and Volker Krämer | Reactions
His death drew criticism from several press freedom organizations, including Reporters Without Borders, the Committee to Protect Journalists, and the International Federation of Journalists. There were multiple calls for justice and a nationwide protest. More than a month after the killing, Maoist Deputy Commander Janardan Sharma Prabhakar apologized on behalf of his party, which had previously claimed innocence.
Birendra Shah | Reactions
Eric Campbell, who is a journalist for ABC TV, blamed Mullah Krekar, a Salafist of Ansar al-Islam, for the attack. Koïchiro Matsuura, the director of UNESCO, said, "In a war that also includes a fierce media battle, the task of seeking independent information is especially vital if world public opinion is to avoid being the target of manipulation and propaganda" and the killing of journalists like Moran was a violation of Article 79 of the Protocol Additional to the Geneva Convention.
Paul Moran (photojournalist) | Reactions
The newspaper pointed out western media sources such as The Washington Post used pictures of baton-wielding Nepalese police in clashes with Tibetan protesters in Kathmandu, claiming that the officers were Chinese. The article stated that Chinese citizens had been angered by what they saw as biased and sometimes dishonest reporting by Western media. There was also criticism of CNN's use of a cropped picture that shows only the military truck but not rioters who were attacking it. John Vause, who reported this story, responded to the criticism saying, "technically it was impossible to include the crashed car on the left".
2008 Tibetan unrest | Media coverage
On 3 September 2018, the two journalists were found guilty by a court and sentenced to seven years in prison, despite international criticism. An appeal was filed on 5 November 2018 by the journalists' lawyers.
Inn Din massacre | Arrest of Reuters journalists
Seven of the commandos were killed and three were injured.
Celal Başkale | Introduction
According to Chinese sources, the Japanese soldiers broke his leg, smashed his teeth, cut out his tongue, and shot him. 16 other members of his negotiation team were also mutilated and killed on the same day.
Cai Gongshi | Introduction
One of Browne's photographs remains affixed to the sedan in which Quảng Đức was riding and is part of a tourist attraction in Huế. For Browne and the AP, the pictures were a marketing success. Ray Herndon, the United Press International (UPI) correspondent who had forgotten to take his camera on the day, was harshly criticized in private by his employer. UPI estimated that 5,000 readers in Sydney, then a city of around 1.5–2 million, had switched to AP news sources.
Thích Quảng Đức | Political and media impact
Since the 1990s, there have been a spate of unsolved attacks against journalists and media owners who are not aligned with the Chinese Government. In 1996, journalist Leung Tin-wai was stabbed; in 1998, broadcaster Albert Cheng was accosted by a gang when leaving his office and was stabbed. In June 2013, Chen Ping, the publisher of "iSun Affairs", a weekly magazine banned on the mainland, was beaten by two men armed with batons. Three masked men with knives threatened workers at Next Media, publisher of "Apple Daily", and set thousands of copies of the paper on fire. Its proprietor, Jimmy Lai, a fervent supporter of the Pan-democracy camp, had the gate of his home rammed with a stolen car; the attacker left weapons at the scene and fled.
Knife attack on Kevin Lau | Violence against journalists and media owners
Reuters employs some 2,500 journalists and 600 photojournalists in about 200 locations worldwide. Reuters journalists use the "Reuters Handbook of Journalism" as a guide for fair presentation and disclosure of relevant interests, to "maintain the values of integrity and freedom upon which their reputation for reliability, accuracy, speed and exclusivity relies". In May 2000, Kurt Schork, an American reporter, was killed in an ambush while on assignment in Sierra Leone. In April and August 2003, news cameramen Taras Protsyuk and Mazen Dana were killed in separate incidents by U.S. troops in Iraq. In July 2007, Namir Noor-Eldeen and Saeed Chmagh were killed when they were struck by fire from a U.S.
Reuters | Journalists
One civilian was also killed and two others were wounded in the clash.
7 October Movement | Introduction
In 2012, he was awarded the International Press Freedom Award of the US-based Committee to Protect Journalists. He served his full six-year sentence and was released from prison on 5 June 2014.
Dhondup Wangchen | Introduction
The first Vietnamese journalist attacked in the United States survived. In January 1980, the Vietnamese-language magazine office of "Van Nghe Tien Phong" located in Arlington, Virginia, was set fire by an explosion but publisher Nguyen Thanh Hoang lived. In 1990, when the last of five journalists was killed, the victim also worked for "Van Nghe Tien Phong" and the publication reported that victim Triet Le was one of 10 of its staff attacked by gunfire inside of one year. After the assassinations of the five and violence that affected other intellectuals, and not only journalists, police in the crime areas had no evidence to pin the murders on any person other than claims made by a group calling itself Vietnamese Party to Exterminate the Communists and Restore the Nation, or VOECRN.
Assassination of Vietnamese-American journalists in the United States | Background
The FBI was brought in once it was determined that the motive was political. The three journalists belong to the group of eleven race and ethnic community journalists to be killed in the United States since 1977.
Assassinations of Little Haiti journalists | Introduction
Several incidents of mobs attacking journalists were reported during the riots. A journalist of "JK 24x7 News" was shot by Anti-CAA protestors on 25 February while reporting in the Maujpur area. Two journalists of "NDTV" along with a cameraman were attacked by the mob while they were recording the torching of a mosque in the area. One of the journalists sustained severe injuries. A journalist involved in the same incident had to intervene and convince the mob that the journalists were Hindus to save them from further assault. On 25 February, a photojournalist for "The Times of India" was heckled by the Hindu Sena members while taking pictures of a building that had been set on fire.
2020 Delhi riots | Attacks on journalists
Students Allison Beth Krause, 19, Jeffrey Glenn Miller, 20, Sandra Lee Scheuer, 20, and William Knox Schroeder, 19, were killed and nine others were injured, one of whom suffered permanent paralysis. All died at the scene except Schroeder, who was pronounced dead at Robinson Memorial Hospital in nearby Ravenna shortly afterward. Krause and Miller were among the upward of 300 students who gathered to protest the expansion of the Cambodian Campaign, which President Richard Nixon had announced in an April 30 television address one week earlier. Scheuer and Schroeder were in the crowd of several hundred others who had been observing the proceedings at distances of more than 300 feet from the firing line; like most of the observers, they were watching the protest during a break between their classes.
Kent State shootings | Introduction
Sayle became the newspaper's chief foreign correspondent, reporting on the Vietnam War, the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, and the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, He received the Journalist of the Year award in the Grenada Press Awards for his reports from Vietnam. In 1968, he opened an eye-witness account of an all-night Viet Cong attack as follows:"I was sound asleep in the guest hut of the province chief's compound when I was awakened by an exchange of automatic small arms fire. I picked out the pop-pop-pop of a Browning automatic rifle followed by the steady bang of American 30-calibre machine guns and then the unmistakable three-second bursts like silk being loudly torn of Chinese AK 47s.
Murray Sayle | War correspondent
Initial US Army reports stated: A battle damage assessment, the initial reports, said that what they saw were four people killed—a woman and two children and an enemy—and they detained an enemy. ... A man suspected of being a "foreign fighter facilitator" was taken into coalition custody and is being questioned. ... I saw those [autopsy] photos and it didn't appear there were any handcuffs. A US Army press briefing on March 15, 2006 referred to the incident:
Ishaqi incident | US Military response
Journalist Frank Gardner and cameraman Simon Cumbers were assigned to report on the aftermath of the May 2004 Yanbu attack and Khobar massacre terrorist attacks in Saudi Arabia, both of which had British casualties. The British Foreign Office had restricted nonessential travel there. On Sunday morning, the team arrived in the As-Suwaidi neighbourhood of Riyadh, an ultraconservative area where Al-Qaeda was known to have a presence. The team was in place reporting between 10 and 30 minutes and a man, later identified as Adel al-Dhubaiti, greeted the journalists and then opened fire on them. This was followed by shooting from five others who were waiting inside a van.
Simon Cumbers | Death
IFJ General Secretary Aidan White said, "It is imperative that we have answers about these incidents otherwise speculation about targeting media will persist. The Israeli authorities must make it clear to military commanders that unarmed journalists and media are non-combats. They must not come under fire." The statement drew a sharp response for the national affiliate of the IFJ in Israel when the leader of the National Federation of Israeli Journalists "suspended" the relationship and said the IFJ was biased against Israel. The international organization continued to press Israel about the six attacks, including two deaths, it had counted against media.
Layal Najib | Reactions
He was killed a day after writing an article about alleged abuses committed by para-military groups aided by the Real IRA, reported Free Media Movement (FMM), Reporters Without Borders and the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ). According to RSF, Sugirdharajan named the Eelam People's Democratic Party (EPDP) among several groups in his article that allegedly committed human rights violations in the Trincomalee region. The newspaper he worked for also ran photos taken by Sugirdharajan showing that five Trincomalee students who were shot dead at point-blank range on 2 January 2006, disproving the army's claim that they were killed by a grenade explosion.
Subramaniyam Sugirdharajan | Background
In his study on the incident, historian Narasingha Sil concluded the government's overall attitude was that the Ananda Marga members had "got themselves killed because they were so sinfully invidious."
Bijon Setu massacre | Initial press reports and reactions
Six others were killed in the attack. The death of reporter Power James Raeth happened under similar circumstances as he was caught in the crossfire between two rival groups in the city of Akobo. The groups were listed as rival factions however suspension of government intervention still hangs heavily over the entire case. A university student was also killed in the same attack.
List of journalists killed in South Sudan | Context
According to official figures, around 15 protestors were killed while around 40 were injured. However, Khudai Khidmatgar sources maintained that around 699 were killed and 400 were injured.
Babrra massacre | Background
Civilians were shot, killed and burnt with their houses. Over 30 people were confirmed to have been killed. And over 70 others who have been arrested or have been forcibly disappeared were not accounted for. Several others who attempted to escape and those who sought refuge at temples were also killed.
1985 Muttur massacre | Casualties
He said that he and a Nepalese man had held off the attackers while the guests he had roused escaped. Five guests, three attackers, and two of the guest house guards died during the attack.
John Christopher Turner | Biography
Police began a wave of repression: more than fifty journalists were arrested, many publications were banned outright.
Kantipur Publications | History
Korti Metammeh: A battle at Metammeh occurred after the British had established a base at Korti and after the Battle of Abu Klea. Two were killed while other war correspondents escaped death but were injured in the same attack, including Bennet Burleigh, Harry Pearse, and Frederic Villiers. Suakin
List of journalists killed during the Mahdist War | 1885
The fourth journalist to be assassinated came two years later, when Nhen Trong Do was shot dead in his car in Fairfax County, Virginia. In this case, there were no suspects in the killing. He was a layout designer for "Van Nghe Tien Phong".
Assassination of Vietnamese-American journalists in the United States | Nhan Trong Do
While dispersing demonstrators, the police attacked a news crew from Network Seven, a major Australian media outlet. Cameraman Timothy Myers was hit with a riot shield and punched by police, while a different officer attempted to attack reporter Amelia Brace with a baton as she fled. Both Myers and Brace were also shot with rubber bullets and attacked with tear gas. The police actions were criticized by both Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison and Opposition Leader Anthony Albanese. Morrison said the event was "troubling" and directed the Australian Embassy to investigate and to express "strong concerns" to U.S. authorities. The Media, Entertainment and Arts Alliance, which represents Australian journalists, submitted a letter to the U.S.
Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church | Australian response to attack on Australian journalists
Kevin Lau, who had been chief editor of the journal until January 2014, was attacked in the morning of 26 February 2014 as he was about to take breakfast at a restaurant in Sai Wan Ho, Hong Kong. He was seriously injured in a targeted knife attack. Journalists and press of the world saw the attack as an attack on press freedom. Thousands of people, led by leading journalists, attended a rally to denounce violence and intimidation of the media.
Media of Hong Kong | Violent assault on editor
He was also involved in a scuffle with Nhu's secret police after they punched fellow journalist Peter Arnett while the news men were covering a Buddhist protest. Seeing Arnett lying on the ground being punched and kicked by policemen, Halberstam ran to his rescue, shouting in fury, "Go back, get back you sons of bitches or I'll beat the shit out of you!" As Halberstam spoke in English, the policemen did not understand him, but as he was much taller than the diminutive Vietnamese, the sight of him running at them, red-faced and furious, was enough to cause them to run away.
David Halberstam | Vietnam
Five people were killed and two others were injured in the attack. Those killed were: According to the Committee to Protect Journalists, the Capital Gazette shooting was one of two incidents in which multiple journalists were killed in the United States since the organization began compiling data in 1992. The other incident was the murders of Alison Parker and Adam Ward during a live television interview in 2015.
Capital Gazette shooting | Victims
The body of the Japanese journalist, Kenji Nagai, was returned to Japan. An autopsy would be carried out; Japanese officials said that he was not shot accidentally as Burmese authorities have said, but was shot at close range. APF News, who employed Nagai, demanded that the camera he held when he was killed be returned; to that date only his second camera, thought to be a back-up, had been returned. Toru Yamaji, the head of APF News, said: "Our biggest task now is to confirm and report on what's in his camera and what he wanted to tell the people on his last day".
Saffron Revolution | 4 October 2007
The Al Jazeera television network was criticized for bias in coverage of the massacre, failing to note that the victims were attending a bat mitzvah and that the gunman crashed the event at a crowded banquet hall, and failing to mention the number of people killed by Raed Karmi when covering his assassination several days earlier, which would have provided context for the story.
Bat Mitzvah massacre | Media coverage
On 11 May 2008 photojournalist Ashok Sodhi was killed while photographing an armed confrontation between terrorists and security forces in the Samba District of Jammu and Kashmir. He had moved closer to capture better coverage of the confrontation when a stray bullet hit him.
Daily Excelsior | Journalist death
Press reports state that 3 people were killed 22 schoolchildren wounded, or that two DFLP fighters were killed, and a civilian and 23 of 75 primary age schoolchildren wounded by shrapnel. Later that year Israeli jets again attacked in apparent retaliation for rocket attacks on Northern Israel.
Ainab | History
Reports on the exact number of deaths were difficult due to the expelling of journalists while China admitted to shooting, on 20 March, but to only injuring four people. Also in Ngawa county in Aba Town on Friday 21 March, after days of non-violent protests held by the 3000 monks and 300 nuns, 27 of the nuns at Kirti Monastery were arrested by Chinese police forces at 5am. Photographs of killed protestors near Kirti were circulated.
2008 Tibetan unrest | Kham & Amdo/Sichuan
The pagoda was vandalized, monks beaten, and the cremated remains of Thích Quảng Đức, which included a heart which had not disintegrated, were confiscated. Simultaneous raids were carried out across the country, with the Từ Đàm Pagoda in Huế being looted, the statue of Gautama Buddha demolished, and the body of a deceased monk stolen. When the populace came to the defense of the monks, the resulting clashes saw 30 civilians killed and 200 wounded. Notably, President Diem sent his sister-in-law a letter asking her not to talk in public about the clashes as her "barbecue" remarks had been a public relations disaster for his regime, both at home and abroad.
Madame Nhu | Buddhist crisis
They asserted that elderly men, women and children were killed. Akhtyar Gul, a local reporter who witnessed the shooting, claimed that the Marines sprayed civilians with machine gun fire even though the Marines were not under attack. These assertions would be disputed during the subsequent US Marine Corps court of inquiry. According to Associated Press and Afghan journalists, US troops confiscated photos and videos of the incident and its aftermath. A freelance photographer working for the Associated Press claimed that two Marines and a translator asked him: "Why are you taking pictures? You don't have permission." Another photographer claimed that he had been told by US troops, through an interpreter: "Delete them [your photos], or we will delete you."
2007 Shinwar shooting | Sequence of events
On 12 December 2017, members of Myanmar's police force arrested Reuters journalists Wa Lone and Kyaw Soe Oo at a restaurant in Yangon after inviting them to dinner. The pair was charged with possessing classified documents in violation of the colonial-era Official Secrets Act, which carries a possible sentence of 14 years in prison. The two journalists were independently investigating the mass grave found in Inn Din prior to their arrest. A police witness, Moe Yan Naing, later testified that their arrest was a case of entrapment, and that their arrest was intended to intimidate journalists. After the court held its final preliminary hearing of their case, on 8 February 2018, Reuters released all the findings in their journalists' investigation.
Inn Din massacre | Arrest of Reuters journalists
Reporters Without Borders, or RSF, complained in its report that, The Press Freedom Organization added, The report concluded that only the presence of the local Roman Catholic bishop that confirmed the death of civilians.
Padahuthurai bombing | Reporters without borders
During nomination day on 3 April 2007, a scuffle occurred between DAP and BN supporters. Two DAP supporters were injured in the scuffle, which erupted after some name-calling and sloganeering. Following the incident, police arrested a man after receiving four reports, two from the injured man, and two each from a journalist and a photographer from the Tamil dailies "Malaysian Nanban" and "Makkal Osai", respectively.
2007 Machap by-election | Nomination day scuffle
Those who have entered the country regardless have been targeted. Within a month of the protests taking off, at least seven local and international journalists were detained, and at least one of them was beaten. 'Citizen journalist' Mohammed Abdelmawla al-Hariri was arrested in April 2012, tortured in prison, and sentenced to death in May 2012 for giving an interview for Al Jazeera. Jordanian Salameh Kaileh was tortured and detained in deplorable conditions before being deported.
Media coverage of the Syrian Civil War | Attacks on journalists
Two journalists, Asfandyar Abid Naveed (ca. 1976 – 11 June 2011), also reported as Asfandyar Khan, a career journalist working for "Akhbar-e-Khyber", and Shafiullah Khan (ca. 1983 – 17 June 2011), of The News, were killed as a result of covering the double suicide bombing in Peshawar. Naveed died at the scene from the second blast. His death in the attack prompted calls among Pakistan's professional journalism organisations for more attention to be placed on the safety of journalists and for more action by police. Shafiullah Khan was a trainee reporter for the daily The News (Pakistan). He was from Palangzai village, North Waziristan.
June 2011 Peshawar bombings | Death of two journalists
14 persons were reported injured and nine were taken to hospital. The demonstration that had been coordinated with the police presence was then disbanded, thus some people fled to the National Gallery while inviting journalists to come to the rescue. The head of the public relations department of police headquarters, the Inspector General Abubakar Nataprawira denied the police had made any negligence on the escort of the demonstrators.
Monas incident | Introduction
During the dispersal, journalists covering the event were trapped. Four of them were killed, while others were injured or detained. According to the Committee to Protect Journalists, it was the deadliest day for journalists in Egypt since the organization began keeping records in 1992. Veteran Sky News camera operator Michael "Mick" Deane, 61, was killed. Deane was an experienced journalist who had previously worked for CNN before working for Sky News for 15 years. Photos of Deane's body showed that he was wearing a helmet that clearly identified him as a journalist. The CPJ said Deane was the 1000th journalist it had confirmed killed worldwide.
August 2013 Rabaa massacre | Attack on journalists
Bob Dietz, Asia program coordinator for the Committee to Protect Journalists, said, "Indian officials must fully explain the circumstances of this killing, and hold all of those responsible fully accountable. It is the only way to improve the police response to such public outcries in the future." William Horsley, Centre for Freedom of the Media at the University of Sheffield, said, "What is needed is the public and the press to make the world's populations understand the link between the killing of journalists and the undermining of the rule of law and stability in whole societies."
Bwizamani Singh | Reactions
Two journalists, one from "Aaj News" and the other from "Dawn News", died in the Quetta Civil Hospital attack while working.
August 2016 Quetta attacks | Incident
At the time, CBS President Sean McManus said Iraq was "the most dangerous place on Earth right now." The Paris-based Reporters Without Borders, an international press freedom organisation, said in reaction, "The security situation is becoming more and more alarming for the press in Iraq. Although better protected, embedded journalists are not completely isolated from the dangers. A total of 96 journalists and media assistants (22 of them foreigners) have been killed since the start of the war. Only six of them were embedded with the US-led coalition forces." The New York-based NGO Committee to Protect Journalists, reiterated their Parisian counterpart, "The news profession has lost nearly 100 people in this devastating war – 71 journalists and 26 support staffers.
Paul Douglas (cameraman) | Context
Roberts, Foulsham, Murphy, sports editor Gerry Spratt, business editor Michael Todd, Hulse, presentation editor Colin Powers, reporter Scott Hadly and Brantingham received an "Ethics in Journalism" award from the Society of Professional Journalists on August 11, 2006. McCaw argued in a letter that the Society was being "used by this group to further their own political and personal agendas." The entire editorial staff was awarded the Payne Award for Ethics in Journalism given at the University of Oregon in spring 2007.
Santa Barbara News-Press controversy | Public response
A scuffle at an Or Akiva shopping mall between Jewish and Arab citizens resulted in an attack on the responding police and the throwing of a Molotov cocktail.
October 2000 riots | 7 October
A reporter with Asahi Shimbun was reportedly beaten by security forces while taking photographs of protesters "under attack by police."
Qidong protest | Protest
On the evening of April 9, the fighters invited American journalists to a house in Givat Shaul, where they served tea and cookies while explaining the attacks. A spokesman said he regretted the casualties among the women and children, but they were inevitable because every house had to be reduced by force. Ten houses had been blown up entirely, he said, though historians doubt if that was true. Other houses had their doors blown off and hand grenades thrown inside.
Deir Yassin massacre | Irgun–Lehi press conference
The crowd cheered for Khalistan, and openly threatened to kill Punjab’s moderate chief minister, Surjit Singh Barnala. A guard was killed and seven people were injured. Many journalists, about a dozen, witnessed the guard’s death and remained mute spectators.
Bimal Kaur Khalsa | Introduction
This is a list of journalists killed in Assam. Since 1987, 23 editors, correspondents and reporters were killed in Assam.
List of journalists killed in Assam | Introduction
I call on all parties to respect fully the civilian status of media workers, in keeping with the Geneva Conventions” – Irina Bokova, Director General of UNESCO. Bilal Sharaf al-Deen “We hold the coalition responsible for the death of our colleague who died in a bombing that was targeting a residential neighborhood yesterday evening in the city of Sanaa” – International Federation of Journalists.
List of journalists killed in Yemen | Reactions
They were shuttled about the battlefield, with a doughty few electing to be convoyed in to the GM 30 positions. While there, a few mortar shells dropped in nearby. When a medevac helicopter came in, the unhurt journalists barged aboard before a wounded Thai officer could be loaded. A later medevac had to be called in for the wounded major after the reporters departed. The journalists changed their mind about an overnight stay at Long Tieng, and were flown back to Vientiane later that day.
Campaign Z | Media reaction
Since 1990, the total number of journalists who have been killed in Jammu and Kashmir is 19. The first major killing in Jammu and Kashmir by militants was of Lassa Kaul, the Director of Srinagar Doordarshan in February 1990, outside his house in Bemina. This was followed by the killing of P.N. Handoo of the State Information Department. Militant and terrorist groups also "imposed a ban on the distribution of national newspapers and Kashmir Times and Daily Excelsior, both published in English from Jammu". Ghulam Muhammad Lone and his eight year old son were killed in 1994 by gunmen. On 10 August 2000, a grenade killed seven journalists including Pradeep Bhatia, a journalist from Hindustan Times.
Media in Jammu and Kashmir | Attacks on journalists in the Kashmir conflict
The RSF in its annual report in 2018 documented deadly violence and misbehavior against reporters saying for one year 80 reporters have been killed, 348 detained, and 60 taken hostage which indicates an unprecedented hostility against media staff. This organization recognizes Iran as one of the five states which is called "prison of reporters" along with China, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Turkey. Based on this report Iran is ranked 144th and is still one of the greatest prisons for journalists.
Freedom of the press | World ranking 2018
Seven students, four security officials, two watchmen and a journalist were among the injured. The Inter-Services Public Relations said two soldiers were injured in the attack and moved to the Combined Military Hospital for treatment.
2017 Peshawar Agriculture Directorate attack | Attack
The government said that it would pay five million riel, or US$1,250, to the families of each of the dead, as well as paying a million riel ($250) to each of the injured. On 24 November, the government announced it planned to construct a stupa as a memorial to those killed in the incident. On 23 November, the day after the incident, around 500 Buddhist monks visited the site of the stampede to chant prayers for those who had died.
Phnom Penh stampede | Reaction
CNN broadcast Arnett's extended call live for several hours, with a picture of Arnett as video. Soon the other journalists left Iraq, including the two CNN colleagues, which left Arnett as the sole remaining reporter. His accounts of civilian damage caused by the bombing were not well received by the coalition war administration. Its spokesmen had emphasized terms such as "smart bombs" and "surgical precision" in their public statements, in an effort to project keeping civilian casualties would be at a minimum. White House sources would later attack Arnett, saying that he was being used as a tool for Iraqi disinformation.
Peter Arnett | Gulf War
Military vehicles fitted with loudspeakers patrolled Rangoon's streets blaring: "We have photographs. We are going to make arrests." Some 80 monks and 149 women thought to be nuns, who had been detained during part of the military's crackdown on protesters, were freed, Reuters reported. Riot police and soldiers were reported to be scouring Yangon with photographs to identify and arrest participants in last week's protests.
Saffron Revolution | 3 October 2007
Two of the civil guards were killed instantly, while the other two were seriously injured, with one of them dying in hospital four days later.
October 1978 Getxo attack | Introduction
He was shot dead in Myanmar (also known as Burma) during the Saffron Revolution. Nagai continued to take photographs as he lay wounded on the ground, later dying from gunshot injuries to the chest. He was the only foreign national killed in the protests.
Kenji Nagai | Introduction
Irina Bokova, director-general of UNESCO, said the murder of the couple was "is an intolerable attack on the profession and on the fundamental human right for freedom of expression." The International Federation of Journalists released the following statement: "Journalists in Bangladesh have waged a long and arduous battle to improve security conditions and the IFJ believes that this terrible double murder threatens to set back gains achieved in recent months and years." Information Minister Hasanul Haq Inu said, "The killing of all the journalists, including Sagar-Runi, is disgraceful for democracy, and our duty is to remove it."
Murder of Sagar Sarowar and Meherun Runi | Reactions
On 5 July 2005, five terrorists attacked the makeshift Ram temple at the site of destroyed Babri Mosque in Ayodhya, India. All five were shot dead in the ensuing gunfight with the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF), while one civilian died in the grenade attack that the attackers launched in order to breach the cordoned wall. The CRPF suffered three casualties, two of whom were seriously injured with multiple gunshot wounds.
2005 Ram Janmabhoomi attack | Introduction
Birhamani is survived by a wife, two sons, and a daughter. His name has been added to the Journalists Memorial, which is part of the Newseum, Washington, D.C.
Ghulam Rasool Birhamani | Personal
According to the Reporters without Borders (RSF) released, its annual report on 2017, 65 journalists, including 50 professional journalists killed, 326 prisoners and 54 journalists have taken hostage. China, Turkey, Vietnam, Iran and Syria are the largest prisons for journalists and media activists. In 2017, over 65 journalists, Citizen Correspondents and media colleagues killed worldwide.
Reporters Without Borders | Report 2017
On 10 December 2010 several Hong Kong journalists were at Zhao's apartment in Daxing Beijing to interview his supporters. About 40 members of a "Neighbourhood Management Committee" tried to stop the journalists. The journalists were kicked, struck and had their cameras blocked. An ATV journalist's camera was hit. A female RTHK reporter was slapped. The Hong Kong Journalists Association expressed concern about the incident. Hong Kong director of broadcasting Franklin Wong Wah-kay (黃華麒), head of the public broadcaster RTHK, condemned the attack and said the journalists were legally covering the case under mainland law. On 29 December 2010 the director of the Hong Kong and Macau office of the State Council Wang Guangya said that under the One country, two systems principle Hong Kong should not interfere.
Zhao Lianhai | 2010 Hong Kong journalists assaulted