In law and government, de facto ( ; , "in fact") describes practices that exist in reality, even though they are not officially recognized by laws. It is commonly used to refer to what happens in practice, in contrast with "de jure" ("by law"), which refers to things that happen according to law.
Introduction
De facto
De facto | Introduction
It means practices that exist in reality, even though they are not officially recognized by laws. It  describes practices that exist in reality, even though they are not officially recognized by laws In law and government, de facto describes practices that exist in reality, even though they are not officially recognized by laws. In law and government, de facto describes practices that exist in reality, even though they are not officially recognized by laws.
date of japanese surrender in world war ii
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September 2, 1945
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what were the divisions within their leadership?
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Suzuki's military-dominated cabinet favored continuing the war. For the Japanese, surrender was unthinkable—Japan had never been successfully invaded or lost a war in its history. Only Mitsumasa Yonai, the Navy minister, was known to desire an early end to the war.
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why did they surrender then?
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August 28, 1945 Japanese Instrument of Surrender was signed
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what happened at hiroshima in this context?
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United States detonated an atomic bomb over the Japanese city of Hiroshima.
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and nagasaki?
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Hours later, the United States dropped a second atomic bomb, this time on the Japanese city of Nagasaki.
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were there any further surrenders followed after this?
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It was broadcasted later that Japan was indeed unconditionally surrendering to the allies.
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which interesting places are there in the former mentioned city?
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Itsukushima Island, also known as Miyajima
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how is the weather here?
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Has a humid subtropical climate characterized by cool to mild winters and hot, humid summers.
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who used to rule this place during 1589 to 1871?
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Mōri Terumoto
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who is this person?
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He was a Japanese "daimyō".
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whom did he provide his service to?
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Toyotomi Hideyoshi
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is this person another ruler?
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He is  the "de facto" leader
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what does this second last term means?
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Later, he resumed his dictatorship, which was soon challenged by other Habshi generals.
Ibrahim Adil Shah II | De facto rulers
De facto leaders sometimes do not hold a constitutional office and may exercise power informally. Not all dictators are de facto rulers. For example, Augusto Pinochet of Chile initially came to power as the chairperson of a military junta, which briefly made him de facto leader of Chile, but he later amended the nation's constitution and made himself president until new elections were called, making him the formal and legal ruler of Chile. Similarly, Saddam Hussein's formal rule of Iraq is often recorded as beginning in 1979, the year he assumed the Presidency of Iraq. However, his de facto rule of the nation began earlier: during his time as vice president; he exercised a great deal of power at the expense of the elderly Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, the de jure president.
De facto | Politics
A de facto government is a government wherein all the attributes of sovereignty have, by usurpation, been transferred from those who had been legally invested with them to others, who, sustained by a power above the forms of law, claim to act and do really act in their stead. In politics, a de facto leader of a country or region is one who has assumed authority, regardless of whether by lawful, constitutional, or legitimate means; very frequently, the term is reserved for those whose power is thought by some faction to be held by unlawful, unconstitutional, or otherwise illegitimate means, often because it had deposed a previous leader or undermined the rule of a current one.
De facto | Politics
He participated in debates but did not vote, as he did not represent the entire colony. That changed after July 1775, when a provincial Congress decided to send delegates to the Continental Congress and to adopt a ban on trade with Britain.
Second Continental Congress | "De facto" government
The leader of the party with the second-most seats usually becomes the Leader of Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition (presently Peter Bevan-Baker) and is part of an adversarial parliamentary system intended to keep the government in check.
Prince Edward Island | Government and politics
In 1459, the oldest son of Lê Thái Tông, Nghi Dân, staged a coup. He and some 100 men secretly entered the palace late in October and killed the king. The next day, Nguyễn Thị Anh, facing certain death at the hands of Nghi Dân's men, allowed herself to be killed by a loyal servant.
Nguyễn Thị Anh | De facto ruler
Giving the President more powers may sound like a good idea on paper but in practice it will be sheer stupidity.”
Franco Debono | The President to be appointed by two-thirds majority
The peerage "de facto" ended in 1680 when the Kangxi Emperor ordered Lanbu to be posthumously removed from the peerage.
Prince Jingjin | Introduction
Thus, Egypt was by Ottoman law "de jure" a province of the Ottoman Empire, but "de facto" was part of the British Empire. In U.S. law, particularly after "Brown v. Board of Education" (1954), the difference between "de facto" segregation (segregation that existed because of the voluntary associations and neighborhoods) and "de jure" segregation (segregation that existed because of local laws that mandated the segregation) became important distinctions for court-mandated remedial purposes. In a hypothetical situation, a king or emperor could be the "de jure" head of state. However, if they are unfit to lead the country, the prime minister or chancellor would assumedly become the practical, or "de facto" leader, with the king remaining the "de jure" leader.
De jure | Examples
In politics, a figurehead is a person who "de jure" (in name or by law) appears to hold an important and often supremely powerful title or office, yet "de facto" (in reality) exercises little to no actual power. This usually means that they are head of state, but not head of government. The metaphor derives from the carved figurehead at the prow of a sailing ship.
Figurehead | Introduction
However, it is said that all of the ordinary faculties such as speaking and movement are transferred to the new state.
État second | Concept
Schober let himself be persuaded and was made chancellor for a second time the very next day.
Second Schober government | Personalities
In a broader sense, a head of government can be used loosely when referring to various comparable positions under a dominant head of state (especially is the case of ancient or feudal eras, so the term "head of government", in this case, could be considered a contradiction in terms). In this case, the prime minister serves at the pleasure of the monarch and holds no more power than the monarch allows. Some such titles are diwan, mahamantri, pradhan, wasir or vizier. However, just because the head of state is the "de jure" dominant position does not mean that he/she will not always be the "de facto" political leader.
Head of government | Under a dominant head of state
The difficulty of securing enough revenues to pay a large number of bureaucrats who are often inefficient and corrupt has been a major problem for the country ever since.
David Dacko | First term as President
In finance, the World Bank has a pertinent definition: A "de facto government" comes into, or remains in, power by means not provided for in the country's constitution, such as a coup d'état, revolution, usurpation, abrogation or suspension of the constitution. A de facto state of war is a situation where two nations are actively engaging, or are engaged, in aggressive military actions against the other without a formal declaration of war.
De facto | Other uses of the term
Denard was acquitted for a lack of evidence as the judge ruled that the prosecution made only a circumstantial case that Denard was behind Abdallah's murder. Djohar took control of the country the next day. Denard tried to prevent Djohar from assuming the presidency, but this time, France, which found Denard an embarrassment, sent in military forces to gently usher Denard and his mercenaries out of the Comoros.
Ahmed Abdallah | Second presidency
After this last step Selim III resigned (or forced to resign by a fetwa of Ataullah) on 29 May 1807. The new sultan was Mustafa IV.
Kabakçı Mustafa | Kabakçı Mustafa as the de facto ruler of the empire
A president elected to a second term is sometimes seen as a lame duck from early in the second term, since term limits prevent them from contesting re-election four years later. However, not personally having to face the electorate again makes a second-term president more powerful than they were in their first term as they are thus freer to take politically unpopular actions. However, this comes with caveats, as the de facto leader of their political party, the president's actions affect how the party performs in the midterm elections two years into the second term, and, to some extent, the success of that party's nominee in the next presidential election four years in the future.
Lame duck (politics) | United States
Regardless of the truth of these claims, the next year saw repression against violent Dakar student protests in May 68, and the introduction of constitutional changes, approved by the referendum of 22 February 1970, which created a Presidential system, greatly expanding presidential powers in what had become a "de facto" one party state.
Demba Diop | Death
Second, some people are excluded from the line of succession. They are:
Monarchy of the Netherlands | Succession
However, by the time British Colonial Secretary Lord Dartmouth received the petition, King George III had already issued a proclamation on August 23, 1775, in response to the news of the Battle of Bunker Hill, declaring elements of Britain's continental American possessions to be in a state of "open and avowed rebellion". As a result, the king refused to receive the petition. Georgia had not participated in the First Continental Congress and did not initially send delegates to the Second. Even so, the people of St. John's Parish (present-day Liberty County) sent Lyman Hall to the gathering on their behalf.
Second Continental Congress | "De facto" government
The Red Party, the most powerful party, which ruled for six consecutive years, was led by Buenaventura Báez.
Second Republic (Dominican Republic) | Introduction
A head of state may seize power by force or revolution. This is not the same as the use of force to "maintain" power, as is practised by authoritarian or totalitarian rulers. Dictators often use democratic titles, though some proclaim themselves monarchs. Examples of the latter include Emperor Napoleon I of France and King Zog of Albania. In Spain, general Francisco Franco adopted the formal title "Jefe del Estado", or Chief of State, and established himself as regent for a vacant monarchy. Uganda's Idi Amin was one of several who named themselves President for Life.
Head of state | By force or revolution
This proclamation was signed by Zuazo, Cervantes, de la Torre, Sotomayor, Rodrigo de Paz (a relative of and steward for Cortés, and a member of the ayuntamiento), and the clerk Pérez. Salazar and Almíndez soon ousted Zuazo, and began a tyrannical and criminal government.
Rodrigo de Albornoz | Second period in government
This was continued by his successors, although with little real success.
Royal Question | Monarchy and the constitution
A dictator is a ruler who does not rule through democratic means. Dictator may also refer to:
Dictator (disambiguation) | Introduction
However, on 3 July, the Chamber rejected the law and voted down the government; third cabinet of Depretis therefore had to resign after only six months of troubled political life and the next government was again led by Cairoli, on 14 July.
Agostino Depretis | Second term
The second decree directed that Salazar and Almíndez replace Estrada and Albornoz, and continue governing with Zuazo.
Rodrigo de Albornoz | First period in government
Oliver Cromwell, the "de facto" dictator, later found it convenient to re-establish a second chamber to reduce the power of the Commons. About sixty writs of summons, resembling those issued to peers sitting in the House of Lords, were issued. The individuals so summoned were called Lords, but their dignities were not hereditary. But soon after the establishment of this body, Cromwell dissolved Parliament, taking power into his own hands as Lord Protector.
History of the British peerage | Stuart monarchs
This usually takes 10-15 years. The leader is no longer a Prophet, but is now deified. There is a purge of followers, and bureaucratization of the state and party. The economy is nationalized, and totally mobilized in support of the ideocracy. There will be scapegoating of enemies and terrorizing of dissidents.
Ideocracy | Stabilization
De facto is a Latin expression that means "by [the] fact". De Facto may also refer to:
De facto (disambiguation) | Introduction
This may be a common crime, a political sin, or an act by which he or she violates such provisions as an established religion mandatory for the monarch. By similar procedure, an original mandate may be declared invalid.
Head of state | Loss
The Second Protectorate Parliament was preceded by the First Protectorate Parliament and succeeded by the Third Protectorate Parliament.
Second Protectorate Parliament | Succession
An owner of 512 square meters is lord of that manor, just as the so-called Land Barons are the lords of their much larger ones.
Economy of Second Life | Government
The tendency of some observers to describe Latin American heads of state who ruled by decree as 'de facto' Presidents may be seen in this light. Others would seek to discount Demicheli's association with the Colorado Party.
Alberto Demicheli | Historical background
This is the list of individuals that serve the office.
Head of the Republic of Adygea | List
With the rejection of the Decimation Tax, it was clear that government through the Major-Generals could not continue. In February 1657 Cromwell was offered the crown and a new constitution called the Humble Petition and Advice.
Second Protectorate Parliament | Introduction of the Humble Petition and Advice
Although minor parties are "de jure" allowed to rule, they are "de facto" required to accept the leadership of the dominant party.
Elections in Equatorial Guinea | Introduction
In autocracies, both "de jure" and "de facto" political powers are concentrated in one person or a small elite that will promote institutions for keeping the "de jure" political power as concentrated as the de facto political power, thereby maintaining autocratic regimes with extractive institutions.
Autocracy | Maintenance
If there is no possibility to inherit the throne automatically due to the death of the predecessor king (as king Ferdinand was still alive), but the monarch wants to reliquish his throne and appoint an other king before his death, technically only one legal solution has remained: the parliament had the power to dethronize the king and elect his successor as the new king of Hungary. Due to the legal and military tensions, the Hungarian parliament did not make that favor for Franz Joseph. This event gave to the revolt an excuse of legality. Actually, from this time until the collapse of the revolution, Lajos Kossuth (as elected regent-president) became the de facto and de jure ruler of Hungary.
Lajos Kossuth | Regent-President of Hungary
Take 'president' to be the variable 'y'. In the sentence "For every 'y', 'y' is the leader of their nation." This is an example of the universal quantifier.
Deductive language | Formal Logic
He is said to have died while still in office, thus making him (if true) one of two formal dictators to die in office in history, with the other being Julius Caesar.
Quintus Hortensius (dictator) | Introduction
He was the sole candidate in the party elections. He won 2 seats in the 2016 and 1 in the 2017 elections.
Sovereign People | Introduction
There is, second, limited democracy. This democracy exists only when there is a conflict among the state elites ... People can criticise one faction of the 'powers that be' and be protected by the opposite faction ... However, when the conflict within the elite is over, this democratic space will probably disappear also."
Arief Budiman | Introduction
It is traditionally used to describe the position of the British Prime Minister, since in the British Constitution the position of prime minister has no official existence, and the office holder is simply the 'most powerful' of the Queen's advisors in Cabinet.
First Among Sequels | Explanation of the novel's title
In 1923, Miguel Primo de Rivera came to power in a military coup, ruling Spain as dictator. Gradually, Primo de Rivera's support faded, and he resigned in January 1930. General Dámaso Berenguer was ordered by the king to form a replacement government, which annoyed Sanjurjo, who considered himself far better qualified. Berenguer's dictablanda dictatorship failed to provide a viable alternative to Primo de Rivera. In the municipal elections of 12 April 1931, little support was shown for pro-monarchy parties in the major cities, and large numbers of people gathered in the streets of Madrid. Asked if the government could count on the support of Sanjurjo's Civil Guard, he rejected the suggestion.
José Sanjurjo | During the Second Republic
The office was created in 682. The titles, as modified from time to time to reflect the names in changes of the legislative and examination bureaus, included: It was often referred to in brief as "Tong Pingzhangshi" (同平章事).
Chancellor of the Tang dynasty | Chancellors de facto of the second grade
Mustafa Pasha was dismissed from the office of governor for the second and final time on 16 May 1626.
Kara Mustafa Pasha (governor of Egypt) | Second term
This marked the end of the Protectorate and the start of a second period of rule by the Rump Parliament as the legislature and the Council of State as the executive.
The Protectorate | Introduction
Unless otherwise indicated, the ruler is the son of his predecessor.
Song (state) | Rulers of the state
The King is no longer the head of government of his nominal territory. The monarchy was originally supplanted when the area was colonized by the Netherlands. Following the end of colonial rule, it retained its ceremonial role.
Mangkunegara IX | Existence dilemma
It was automatically dismissed on 21 November 2011 as a consequence of the 2011 general election, but remained in acting capacity until the next government was sworn in.
Second government of José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero | Introduction
said The corruption of the Government, the brutality of the police, the government's indifference to the needs of the people for education, medical care, housing, for social justice and economic justice ... is an open invitation to revolution.
Fulgencio Batista | Military coup and second presidency (1952–1959)
Second spouse is a title sometimes used in reference to the spouse of a vice president or a lieutenant governor, and if no office of vice president or lieutenant governor exists, of a prime minister or premier/chief minister of a republic, and to the deputy prime minister or deputy premier/deputy chief minister of a monarchy, styled relative to the title of First spouse, the spouse of a president or governor of a republic or of a prime minister or premier/chief minister of a monarchy. Second gentleman is the term for males. Second lady is the term for females. In countries which have more than one Vice Presidential position (e.g.
Second lady | Introduction
When Republican Rome turned into a "de facto" monarchy in the second half of the 1st century BC, at first there was no name for the title of the new type of monarch. Ancient Romans abhorred the name Rex ("king"), and it was critical to the political order to maintain the forms and pretenses of republican rule. Julius Caesar had been Dictator, an acknowledged and traditional office in Republican Rome. Caesar was not the first to hold it, but following his assassination the term was abhorred in Rome. Augustus, considered the first Roman emperor, established his hegemony by collecting on himself offices, titles, and honours of Republican Rome that had traditionally been distributed to different people, concentrating what had been distributed power in one man.
Emperor | Classical Antiquity
But where is ruler? Had ruler fallen asleep? Ruler had lost the force and ruler is not support to us". The same situation was in Russia in 1917. There was not one sane and imperious minister, ecrepit Ivan Goremykin, incompetent Boris Stürmer, mad Alexander Protopopov and mad Vasily Virubov is the entire gallery of mediocre rulers and cynical dwarfs, this is the result of the complete degeneration of elite. History "suffers" cruel and injurious governments until they are able to operate the state, but history will carry severe verdict to powerless and parasitic governments. The degeneration of elite becomes inevitable, when elite converts into the caste, when social "lifts" are switched off and way is closed for the innate rulers to upward with help of artificial barriers on the way of circulation into the members of elite.
Sociology of Revolution | The disorganization of authority and social control as the second reason for revolution
The government has changed from a monarchy to a democracy by order of a king who had ascended to the throne by succession. While the people have now attained the right to vote, the only candidates are the king's twenty-four sons, who will each serve for terms lasting two years. In the successive reign of each brother, oppression and injustice abound, and they spend their terms feasting, pillaging and plundering the country as much as possible, lining their pockets with enough cash to live out their days in luxury. Each time heading up to the new election, the people take refuge in their wishful thinking that the administration of the “next” prince will make things better.
Democracy or Demo Crazy | Synopsis
Carlos organized and led the Third Carlist War. Between 1872 and 1876 he effectively ruled much of peninsular Spain, having as much legitimacy as the Presidents of the First Republic.
Infante Carlos, Duke of Madrid | "De facto" king
president to have served more than two terms.
Dutch Empire | Dutch diaspora
"The present emperor being a fool" (according to English Ambassador Sir Thomas Roe), he was compared unfavorably with his predecessor. In fact, it was his mother Halime Sultan the de facto-co-ruler as Valide Sultan of the Ottoman empire.
Mustafa I | Second reign (1622–1623)
Parliament then went into recess for the summer.
Second Protectorate Parliament | Acceptance of the Humble Petition and Advice
A term limit is a legal restriction that limits the number of terms an officeholder may serve in a particular elected office. When term limits are found in presidential and semi-presidential systems they act as a method of curbing the potential for monopoly, where a leader effectively becomes "president for life". This is intended to protect a republic from becoming a de facto dictatorship. Sometimes, there is an absolute or lifetime limit on the number of terms an officeholder may serve; sometimes, the restrictions are merely on the number of "consecutive" terms he or she may serve.
Term limit | Introduction
The essence of the concept is that the second largest political party (or coalition) opposes the governing party (or coalition), while still remaining loyal to the state and its democratic principles.
Democracy | Parliamentary
Saldanha's government fell for two main reasons. The first had to do with a heavily-contested decree of 3 November which auctioned off publicly owned estuarine lands of the Tejo and Sado River. The other was the sending of the Auxiliary Division to Spain at the request of its government to support Isabel II against her uncle Carlos, who was claiming the throne. The members of this government were:
Devorismo | Second government: <a href="Jo%C3%A3o%20Carlos%20de%20Saldanha%20Oliveira%20e%20Daun%2C%201st%20Duke%20of%20Saldanha">Duque de Saldanha</a>
Once destooled from office, his sanctity and thus reverence are lost as he cannot exercise any powers he had as king; this includes Chief administrator, Judge, and Military Commander. The now previous king is disposed of the Stool, swords and other regalia which symbolizes his office and authority. He also loses the position as custodian of the land. However, despite being destooled from office, the king remains a member of the Royal Family from which he was elected.
Impeachment | Etymology and history
This phrase is used to describe the official constitutional status of the British Prime Minister within his Cabinet.
First Among Equals (TV series) | Introduction
For a while, he retreated from political life and dedicated himself to business.
Rodrigo de Quiroga | First government
It was automatically dismissed on 30 October 1989 as a consequence of the 1989 general election, but remained in acting capacity until the next government was sworn in.
Second government of Felipe González | Introduction
After stepping down as Diyawadana Nilame following his second term, he went into active politics.
Neranjan Wijeyeratne | Politics
Dictablanda is a dictatorship in which civil liberties are allegedly preserved rather than destroyed. The word "dictablanda" is a portmanteau of the Spanish words "dictadura" ("dictatorship") and "blanda" ("soft"). There is an element of punning in the expression, involved in that "blanda" replaces "dura", meaning "hard". The term was first used in Spain in 1930 when Dámaso Berenguer replaced Miguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja as the head of the ruling dictatorial government and attempted to reduce tensions in the country by repealing some of the harsher measures that had been introduced by the latter. It was also used to refer to the latter years of Francisco Franco's Spanish State, and to the hegemonic 70-year rule of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) in Mexico, or by Augusto Pinochet when he was asked about his regime and the accusations about his government.
Dictablanda | Introduction
Lèse-majesté ( or ;), a French term meaning "to do wrong to majesty", is an offence against the dignity of a reigning sovereign or against a state. This behaviour was first classified as a criminal offence against the dignity of the Roman Republic of ancient Rome. In the Dominate, or Late Empire period, the emperors eliminated the Republican trappings of their predecessors and began to equate the state with themselves. Although legally the "princeps civitatis" (his official title, meaning, roughly, 'first citizen') could never become a sovereign because the republic was never officially abolished, emperors were deified as divus, first posthumously but by the Dominate period while reigning.
Lèse-majesté | Introduction
It is possible to have multiple simultaneous conflicting ("de jure") legalities, possibly none of which is in force ("de facto"). After seizing power in 1526, Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi made his brother, Umar Din, the lawful ("de jure") Sultan of Adal. Ahmad, however, was in practice ("de facto") the actual Sultan, and his brother was a figurehead. Between 1805 and 1914, the ruling dynasty of Egypt ruled as "de jure" viceroys of the Ottoman Empire, but acted as "de facto" independent rulers who maintained a polite fiction of Ottoman suzerainty. However, from about 1882, the rulers had only "de jure" rule over Egypt, as it had by then become a British puppet state.
De jure | Examples
An "Index.hu" analysis argued that the government had not been able to find a suitable successor for Balog's ministry and that Áder had not actually caused any "big trouble" during his first term, since the president had supported the government's "most important" measures. Áder's re-election thus "did not represent a significant political risk" to Orbán. Áder was re-elected for a second five-year term by the Hungarian parliament by a vote of 131–39 on 13 March 2017. His opponent was legal scholar László Majtényi, an independent candidate supported by a coalition of left-wing opposition parties. Áder thus became the second two-term post-communist head of state of Hungary (after Árpád Göncz, who served as President from 1990 to 2000).
János Áder | Second term
This is because a second tax has had to be imposed at the behest of the war-mongering General Conchas, who plans manoeuvres on the border with Ucqua. Juan is called up into the army, and, to earn money for a replacement cow, Juanita goes into the city to work as a prostitute at Madame Odette's establishment. Jones and Ximenes conspire to replace Mendez as President by Conchas, who organises a putsch and takes power.
Der Kuhhandel | Act 1
Shortly after independence, the three parties united as the "Front d'Action Patriotique" (Patriotic Action Front, or F.A.P.), and reorganised Dahomey into one electoral constituency. It was proposed that there would be an agreed list of electoral candidates, and that all of the legislative seats would be given to the party with the highest number of elected representatives from that list. This arrangement did not last long; Ahomadégbé-Tomêtin broke from the union and, using the discontent among people over the increasing rarity of jobs in the country, incited demonstrations that lasted from September to October 1960. He nevertheless tried to disassociate himself from the rioting.
Hubert Maga | "De facto" president
Support for governing parties according to the popular vote.
Andrej Babiš' Second Cabinet | Popular mandate
On May 15 a mob with red flags invaded the chamber, demanding a much more radical government. Another unsuccessful attempt to seize the government was launched by in June 1848. A new National Assembly was elected, and a new President, Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, the nephew of the Emperor, who had lived most of his life in exile. On December 2, 1851, when the Assembly to refused to change the Constitution to allow him to run for a second term, Louis Napoleon organized a coup d'état, took power, and had himself proclaimed Emperor Napoleon III, bringing an end to the Second Republic.
Palais Bourbon | The Second Republic and Second Empire (1848–1870)
Rulers of Sant were: The line is nominally continued.
Sant State | List of Rulers
He was re-elected on 26 2011 and was sworn in as Governor for his second term in office on May 29, 2011; completing 8 years as a Governor. According to The Tribune Newspaper, Babatunde Raji Fashola remains a reference point in 21st century Governance.
Babatunde Fashola | Political limbo
', officially the ' (; ), is a in the province of , . According to the , it had a population of people.
Daguioman | Introduction
On his father's death he became the Titular Mexican Emperor and he would be a claimant to his father's empire for forty years until the Second Mexican Empire was established under Maximilian I of Mexico.
Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte | Post monarchy
During the inauguration ceremony, the President of the Government takes an oath of office over an open Constitution next to the Bible. The oath as taken by President Zapatero on his second term in office on 17 April 2004 was:
Monarchy of Spain | The king, the government, and the Cortes Generales
As the wife of the President, Eva, of course, held the title of First Lady.
Spiritual Leader of the Nation of Argentina | "De facto" and "de jure" offices and titles
If a second round was required, the number of candidates going through was double the number of seats available.
Agostino Depretis | Third term
He would be replaced as president by a three-man junta consisting of two Liberals and one Conservative while he retained control of the National Guard. Somoza and his triumvirate drew up a new constitution that was ratified by the triumvirate and the cabinet on April 3, 1971. He stepped down as president on May 1, 1972. However, as head of the National Guard, he remained the "de facto" ruler of the country.
Anastasio Somoza Debayle | Presidency
For the next two weeks, the country was in chaos.
Vilbrun Guillaume Sam | Presidency
This is a list of heads of state, government leaders, and other rulers in any given year.
Lists of state leaders by year | Introduction
During his term, he was the second youngest state leader in the world, after Kim Jong-un.
Irakli Garibashvili | Introduction
The term "Second Family" is often used to refer to the deputy head of state, usually a vice-president, or, in some countries, the family of the prime minister, in deference to a first family or royal family. The spouse is called the "Second Lady" or "Second Gentleman".
First Family | Related terms
Later that year the sentence was reduced to five years plus a fine. In July 1986, he was barred for life from holding public office. At the same time, his sentence was reduced to a three-year term.
Wilberforce Juta | Second Republic and subsequent military regime
He won the subsequent elections, becoming constitutional president on 15 September 1845.
José Joaquín de Herrera | First and second terms as president
A notable example was the entry on Francisco Franco, written by Luis Suárez Fernández, in which Franco is defined as an autocratic head of state rather than a dictator. In contrast, the dictionary reportedly defame individuals such as Juan Negrín, the last prime minister of the Second Republic. The dictionary sparked an outcry. Most objections came from voices on the left such as the party United Left and the newspaper "Público". For his part, Green party senator Joan Saura asked for publication of the dictionary to be stopped and the offending volumes withdrawn. There was also a call for corrections from the Ministry of Education.
Real Academia de la Historia | Biographical dictionary
A deputation of the locals claim he has acted unconstitutionality, citing the (presumably native) Sub-Judge. Michele replies that he is the effective Government, and the deputation "bowed their heads".
His Chance in Life | Introduction
List of Colonial Heads of Cuba Dates in italics indicate "de facto" continuation of office. For continuation after independence "see" List of Presidents of Cuba.
List of colonial governors of Cuba | Introduction
The post of "first president" ("premier président"), however, could only be held by the King's nominees. The "Parlements" were abolished by the French Revolution. In modern France the chief judge of a court is known as its president ("président de la cour"). The word "presidents" is also used in the King James Bible at Daniel 6:2 to translate the Aramaic term סָרְכִ֣ין "(sā·rə·ḵîn)", a word of likely Persian origin, meaning "officials", "commissioners", "overseers" or "chiefs".
President (government title) | Description
This is a list of rulers and office-holders of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and predecessor states.
List of office holders of the United Kingdom and predecessor states | Introduction
Hussein Dey was the last ruler of Ottoman Algeria. Hussein Dey may also refer to:
Hussein Dey (disambiguation) | Introduction
Therefore, as long as the blood is alive in the veins of these royal houses, "de jure" sovereignty is alive as well—which means they can still bestow titles of nobility. However, the practical implications of this claim is unclear, e.g., in the case of usurpation of titles by other members of the bloodline. Heads of Dynasties (even the deposed ones) belong to one of the three kinds of sovereignty that has been existing in human society. The other two are: Heads of States (of all forms of government, e. g., monarchy, republican, communist, etc.), and Traditional Heads of the Church (both Roman Catholic and Orthodox).
Datu | Precolonial Polities and Fons honorum
However, a contemporary account from a consortium of London publishers, The Annual Register for 1875, reports, "the deceased President was a ruler more feared than loved in the Republic whose destinies he had guided for nearly fifteen years, having governed it rather as a military dictator than as the head authority of a Liberal Constitution.”
Gabriel García Moreno | Introduction
One of its first actions was to formally depose Gamsakhurdia as President. It reconstituted itself as a State Council and, without any formal referendum or election, in March 1992 appointed Gamsakhurdia's old rival Eduard Shevardnadze as chairman, who then ruled as "de facto" president until the formal restoration of the presidency in November 1995.
Zviad Gamsakhurdia | Coup d'état