In 1817, after the castle had been abandoned for nearly a century and had suffered severe damage in the Battle of Mir (1812), owner Dominik Hieronim Radziwiłł died of battle injuries and the castle passed to his daughter Stefania, who married Ludwig zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg. Later the castle became a possession of their daughter Maria, who married Prince Chlodwig Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst. Their son, Maurice Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst, sold the castle to Mikalaj Sviatapolk-Mirski, of the Bialynia clan, in 1895. Nikolai's son Michael began to rebuild the castle according to the plans of architect Teodor Bursze. The Sviatapolk-Mirski family owned the castle until 1939, when the Soviet Union occupied eastern Poland.
History
Mir Castle Complex
Mir Castle Complex | History
Dominik Hieronim Radziwiłł, Stefania, Maria, etc. Mikołaj Krzysztof "the Orphan" Radziwiłł, Dominik Hieronim Radziwiłł, Mikalaj Sviatapolk-Mirski Sorry. I cannot find the answer based on the context. Dominik Hieronim Radziwiłł, his daughter Stefania,  Chlodwig Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst.
what is 'my belarusy'?
user
It is the national anthem of Belarus.
assistant
who composed it?
user
Sakalowski
assistant
when was it adopted?
user
1955
assistant
can you extract any one line from this?
user
Sorry. I cannot find the answer based on the context.
assistant
in which continent does that country belong to?
user
Europe
assistant
what is the capital of that country?
user
Minsk
assistant
what languages are spoken in that country?
user
Russian and Belarusian
assistant
can you name a few heritage sites there?
user
Mir Castle Complex, the Nesvizh Castle, the Belovezhskaya Pushcha and the Struve Geodetic Arc.
assistant
where exactly is the first place mentioned above located?
user
It is located in the town of Mir, in the Kareličy District of the Hrodna voblast
assistant
approximately in which century or which year was it constructed?
user
16th century
assistant
can you name a few people who lived in that?
user
Duke Juryj Ivanavič Illinič () began construction of the castle near the village of Mir after the turn of the 16th century in the Polish Gothic style. Five towers surrounded the courtyard of the citadel, the walls of which formed a square of on each side. In 1568, when the Ilyinich dynasty died out, the Mir Castle passed into the hands of Mikołaj Krzysztof "the Orphan" Radziwiłł, who refitted it with a two-winged, three-story stately residence along the eastern and northern inner walls of the castle. Plastered facades were decorated with limestone portals, plates, balconies and porches in the Renaissance style.
Mir Castle Complex | History
When German forces invaded the Soviet Union in 1941, they occupied the castle and converted it to a ghetto for the local Jewish population, prior to their murders. Between 1944 and 1956, the castle was used as a housing facility, resulting in damage to the castle's interior. In December 2000, the Mir Castle was listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.
Mir Castle Complex | History
In 1817, after the castle had been abandoned for nearly a century and had suffered severe damage in the Battle of Mir (1812), owner Dominik Hieronim Radziwiłł died of battle injuries and the castle passed to his daughter Stefania, who married Ludwig zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg. Later the castle became a possession of their daughter Maria, who married Prince Chlodwig Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst. Their son, Maurice Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst, sold the castle to Mikalaj Sviatapolk-Mirski, of the Bialynia clan, in 1895. Nikolai's son Michael began to rebuild the castle according to the plans of architect Teodor Bursze. The Sviatapolk-Mirski family owned the castle until 1939, when the Soviet Union occupied eastern Poland.
Mir Castle Complex | History
The Mir Castle Complex (, Łacinka: Mirski zamak, , ) is a historic fortified castle and a UNESCO World Heritage site in Belarus. It is located in the town of Mir, in the Kareličy District of the Hrodna voblast, at , north-west of another World Heritage site, Niasviž Castle. Mir Castle Complex is above sea level. Erected in the 16th century in the late Polish Gothic style, it is one of the few remaining architectural monuments of the former Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in contemporary Belarus.
Mir Castle Complex | Introduction
The origins of Miren Castle is an tale which is famous among the citizens of Miren. Long ago there lived a noble and glorious king known as Miren. He was a man of a kind heart who built the settlement of Miren to serve as homes for peasants who were struggling from poverty. Now he is regarded as an ancient hero.
Miren Castle | Castle building
There is evidence that the area was used by humans as far back as 1800 to 550 BC, with discovery of some ancient burial mounds. There is evidence of banks being built in the Western Mire, but it is not possible to date exactly when they were built The land was owned by the Bramshill estate until 1952, when it was sold. The land was last owned by a manufacturer of quarry equipment before the council purchased the site. In the early 20th century two cottages were built on the north border of the reserve. Used until the 1960s, they are now ruins.
Castle Bottom NNR | History
Mirów Castle () is a 14th-century castle, now ruined, located in the Mirów village, Silesian Voivodeship, Poland. It changed owners multiple times, and was finally abandoned in 1787.
Mirów Castle | Introduction
The present castle was built around 1530 by Sir James Hamilton of Finnart, who also constructed nearby Craignethan Castle. James Hamilton, 3rd Earl of Arran was confined here in April 1566 after four years in Edinburgh Castle, for an alleged plot against Mary, Queen of Scots. Following her escape from Lochleven Castle in 1568, Mary, Queen of Scots, stayed here. As a result it was destroyed by forces of the Earl of Mar, regent for James VI, in the late 16th century, as retaliation against the Hamiltons for their support of Mary. It was partially rebuilt in the 18th century, to serve as a folly within the Duke's park.
Cadzow Castle | The 16th-century castle
The castle was purchased by Count Robin Mirrlees in 1962 or 1963. Renovation work was possibly undertaken in 1965 by architect Oliver Hill, although his undated drawings may not have been fully implemented. After visiting the property in 1966, Nigel Tranter, author and historian, reported that work had begun on the structure but described it as a "ruinous shell of a house". Some structural restoration work was undertaken and the castle was slightly repaired, sufficient to have made it "wind and watertight" by 1971. But it was then abandoned again, and further deterioration occurred; it had been uninhabitable since 1836, and Mirlees never lived in it.
Inchdrewer Castle | Later history
It is not clear when and who built the castle. Archeological discoveries on the place revealed large amount of ceramic fragments, dating from the beginning of the 2nd millennium B.C. to the late medieval times. The large tower of the castle was built in the early medieval period. The large size of the castle presumes that it belonged to a rich prince, probably of Panaskerteli family, who settled in the castle in the 15th century.
Samtsevrisi Castle | History
The castle was first constructed in the 14th century. Around 1559, the castle's protective walls surrounding the castle underwent a reconstruction to better ward off enemies from attempting to capture the village or the castle. The castle belonged to several families including the Balog, Pongrác and Bakošov families. At the beginning of the 19th century, a part of the castle was remodeled into a more period manor house.
Vodný Hrad | History
The path to Miren Castle features Stations of the Cross designed by the architect Ivan Vurnik in 1931. By the last station there stands the architecturally unique Chapel of the Scala Sancta, (), the floor of which is made of 28 stepped platforms. It was blessed in 1757 by the Gorizia archbishop Karl Michael von Attems.
Miren Castle | Other
Just southeast of the village (at grid 172/199) is a site where sherds mainly from the Persian era have been found. Pottery sherds from the early and late Roman, Byzantine, early Muslim and Medieval eras have been found at the village site.
Mirka | History
Over the centuries, a series of churches have occupied the site. The first recorded was the Church of Our Lady, built in 1488, rebuilt in 1753, and destroyed on 30 May 1914. Between 1700 and 1756, Grad was inhabited by hermits. The summit of Grad is now dominated by a monastic church dedicated to Our Lady of Sorrows (). It was built in 1886, and was completely destroyed and rebuilt during and after each World War. In 1958, its interior was decorated with frescoes by Tone Kralj. The entrance gate bears the inscription "Ite in domum Matris Vestræ" 'Go into the house of your mother'.
Miren Castle | Our Lady of Sorrows Church
Repairs were carried out in 1840. From 1842 until 1977 the castle was uninhabited, though maintained, preserving the 18th-century rooms. Restoration began in 1977 and the castle has been a private residence since. It was sold in July 2011 to Tom Cross, former chief executive of Dana Petroleum, for £2.8 million. The 16th- or 17th-century walled garden, with bee boles in the walls, is also a category A listed building, along with the 18th-century sundial.
Midmar Castle | History
In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1320.
Mirkovce | History
Once a Carinthian estate of the Counts of Ortenburg and their successors, the Counts of Celje, a "red tower" () at the site above the Drava Valley may have existed since the 11th century. A castle is documented in 1478, when the area was held by the Meinhardiner House of Gorizia. The present-day Renaissance building with its chapel was erected from the early 16th onwards, it was acquired by Christoph Khevenhüller about 1525 and afterwards in the possession of several local nobles over the centuries. Today the owners run the castle as a lodging establishment.
Burgruine Rothenthurn | History
The castle from the 16th century is part of the village. The castle was built in the Renaissance style by Jan Rafael Chroustenský of Malovary. Chroustenští lost his property in 1624 when the chateau was handed over to the Collalto family. The chateau underwent a Baroque reconstruction in the 18th century which mainly concerned interiors. Collaltos owned the castle until 1918, when the property was confiscated by the government. After 1948 the chateau was owned by the municipality, and social and cultural events were held there. At the beginning of the 1990s the building underwent restitution but after a short time the castle was sold to the new owner.
Černá (Žďár nad Sázavou District) | History
It is situated on a relief pier, at the extreme edge of the Upper Hill (). Mirna Pond (), used as a swimming pool in the past and now primarily by fishermen, is situated under the castle. It was created at the end of the 1960s by damming of the Vejar. A jogging path leads past it. There are also the confluence of the Mirna and the Vejar and a bridge across the Mirna. A plain with flood-meadows stretches from the castle to the village.
Mirna, Mirna | Geography
The fortress walls surrounding the complex were built in the 17th–18th centuries.
Noravank | Noravank Complex
Nobles of Cimburk owned it at the end of the 15th century. At that time a representative chivalric hall was built. In the year 1511 the castle was given to a private holder, and from the 16th to 18th century various Moravian clans changed its ownership. The most important were the nobles of Žerotín, Zástřizl and Petřvald. Constructional work continued in Renaissance style. Some parts of the castle were added in baroque style. However, in 1701, the Buchlovice Castle was finished and in 1751 the owners, the Berchtold noble family, occupied it for more than two centuries.
Buchlov | History
Tower of Mirian () is a tower built by the King of Georgia Mirian III in the 4th century. Famous Georgian monk Gabriel during his last years lived in the tower of King Mirian.
Tower of Mirian | Introduction
According to tradition, when the archduke was caught in a sudden storm in the Gulf, he took shelter in the little harbour of Grignano and he chose that bare rocky spur of limestone origin as the setting for his home. The whole complex, purchased for the first time at the beginning of March 1856, was called "Miramar", after the name of Prince Ferdinand of Saxony’s residence in Pena, Portugal. Designed in 1856 by Carl Junker, an Austrian architect, the architectural structure of Miramare was finished in 1860. The style reflects the artistic interests of the archduke, who was acquainted with the eclectic architectural styles of Austria, Germany and England.
Miramare Castle | Miramare Castle
Residential complex - contains a castle, outbuilding, arcaded house and a park. Not existing today wooden mansion, probably built where originally a hunting mansion of dukes of Mazovia stood. It was demolished in the early 20th century. Castle - situated on a hill in a landscaped park. The construction of the castle started in 1828 ordered by Wincenty Krasiński (owner of a castle from 1811). It was probably designed by a Henryk Marconi. The building was finished in 1843. The castle was offered as a gift from Wincenty to his son Zygmunt, on his marriage with Eliza Branicka. Before 1843 the castle was extended from the north with two big chambers.
Opinogóra Górna | History
The original castle was built by the Stewart Earls of Mar. The Erskines gained the earldom in 1565. It bore the date 1494. Up to 1866 there were remains of walls on the site, but are thought not to be strong enough to have belonged to the castle. It was altered considerably in the middle of the 19th century to form houses and shops.
Mar's Castle | History
Mirów Castle is a castle located in Książ Wielki which currently housing the Wincenty Witos Institution and an Agricultural School. There is a museum in the castle. The castle is located in Książ Wielki, Lesser Poland Voivodeship; in Poland. The castle was the residence of the House of Myszkowski. It was designed and built in between 1585-1595 by Santi Gucci, by an order of the Bishop of Kraków Piotr Myszkowski. During the first quarter of the eighteenth century, the castle went into the hands of the Wielkopolski family, and was reconstructed in a Baroque style. The castle is part of a tourist trail and program called the "Trail of the Renaissance in Lesser Poland" ("Szlak Renesansu w Małopolsce", Polish), made by the Association of Justus Ludwik Decjusz.
Mirów Castle in Książ Wielki | Introduction
A mill and dam built at this site in late Roman/early Byzantine period were repaired in Crusader times. The mill was mentioned in Crusader sources in 1158/9 C.E. Excavations of the mill have recovered several 14th-century coins, which indicate that it was in use in the Mamluk period.
Al-Mirr | History
The settlement was attested in written sources in 1494 as "Merinach an der Wippach", and in 1523 as "Japinitz oder Merina". The name is believed to have arisen through ellipsis of a noun phrase (e.g., *"miren grad" 'walled castle'), leaving the adjective *"miren" 'walled' (< *"myrьnъ"). If so, the name refers to the walls of Miren Castle above the settlement. A less likely theory derives the name from *"Marijin" 'Mary's', referring to the pilgrimage church above the settlement.
Miren | Name
The castle is filled with an extensive collection of ceramics embedded in the concrete of the house, as well as other artifacts from his world travels, including cuneiform tablets discovered in Mesopotamia dating back to over 2300 BCE. The home also contains around 1,000 prints from Mercer's extensive collection, as well as over six thousand books, almost all of which were annotated by Mercer himself. The Castle was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972, and was later included in a National Historic Landmark District along with the Moravian Pottery and Tile Works and the Mercer Museum.
Fonthill (house) | History
On 24 February 1867 the Italian government established that the urban belt of the city of Mirandola ceased to be considered as a fortified work, thus ceasing to be subject to military servitude the land adjacent to the works themselves. At the beginning of the 20th century, around the 1930s, the city council attempted to rebuild the ancient keep of the castle (destroyed by fire in 1714), creating a massive neo-Gothic tower overlooking on the main square. The modern tower is characterized by dovetail merlons, typical of the pro-Imperial faction of the Ghibellines. After the Second World War the castle was inhabited by 52 families (about 200 people), while the lounges were used for parties and carnivals.
Castle of the Pico | Modern era
The castle complex initially consisted simply of a courtyard surrounded by defensive walls, and the keep, with its 4 to 8-metre thick walls. Inside the walls half-timbered buildings were constructed as living quarters, store rooms, and stables. Of these only what we now know as the "arched cellar" survives.
Rieneck Castle | History
From this moment Brȋncoveneşti became John Kemény's property for three hundred years. From the summer of 1926 on, writers of the "Erdélyi Helikon" had their annual meeting in the Castle. At the end of World War II the local population completely ransacked the building, all the valuables were taken. Following its earlier nationalization, it became a reformatory, and it was then converted into a home for women and children with disabilities. As a result, the building was not open for a long time.
Kemény Castle (Brâncovenești) | History
It is unknown exactly when the castle was built. The design of the chapel entered Rätien by the end of the Carolingian era (9th Century) and remained in use until the early 12th Century. Based on the construction of the chapel, the foundation of the castle was likely about 1100. The knights of Marmels were first mentioned as "ministerialis", or unfree knights, in the service of the "Freiherren" (or Baron) of Tarasp in 1160. The castle is first mentioned in 1193. Andreas von Tarasp granted Andreas von Marmels, who already held a fiefdom over half of Tarasp Castle, a position as a "ministerialis" to the Bishop of Chur.
Marmels Castle | History
Miren Castle (, also known as ' 'castle' and ' 'Our Lady beneath the Karst'; or "") is an elevation above the settlement of Miren near Nova Gorica, in southwest Slovenia. Its Slovene name reflects the fact that the hill was once occupied by a castle; it is currently dominated by a collection of ecclesiastical buildings.
Miren Castle | Introduction
The remains of its small castle can be seen on a ridge west of the village which was probably built further to a royal decree after the Mongol invasion of 1241-42. Its history is not known. According to the local tradition, the friars of the Csíksomlyó Franciscan Monastery had lived in the castle before their monastery was built. The village was mentioned in 1566 as Chijchijo. David Petky was occupied and destroyed by Imperial General Acton. here in 1706. The village used to have a chapel which stood on the hilltop and was named in the honour of St. Francis.
Ciceu | History
In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1567.
Nižný Mirošov | History
In 1423 Rudolf von Juvalt was ordered to continually live in the castle, but by 1440 they had moved to the more accessible lower castle. However, they added a third story to the tower in the late 15th century. In 1462 Barbara von Juvalt sold the castle to her brother in law Pedrutt von Wannis. A few decades later it was abandoned and by 1570 was described as a ruin.
Innerjuvalt Castle | History
The core of the castle was built here: the "Barborka Tower" (a round five-storied tower with an edge turned toward the driveway), the castle palace and the courtyard protected by the rampart. These parts were completely covered by later extensions, only the high tower Barborka still projects over the complex of castle buildings. The builder of the castle is unknown. The first historically recorded ancestor of the Pernštejn family can be considered Stephen of Medlov, a significant Moravian personality from the beginning of the 13th century. It as probably he who transferred the family property from the southern Moravia to the Uplands.
Pernštejn Castle | 13th to 15th centuries
The castle was built in the middle of the 12th century by Akhsitan I, son of the Manuchihr III. It was erected after the victory of Akhsitan I. The castle was used as a shelter and observation point of feudals.
Quadrangular castle (Mardakan) | History
The Romanesque foundations of the castle are still evident in some places. The castle complex is centered on a prominent 13th-century round keep, around which a substantial Baroque residential tract was later developed, all surrounded with Renaissance defensive walls and 16th century corner turrets. The older structures contain some Gothic elements, notably the castle chapel. The building took its current shape in the 17th/18th centuries, when it was turned into a Baroque residence. Significant remodeling was carried out in the 19th century as well, notably the romantic crenellations of the walls. A partially preserved walled garden once occupied the south slope below the castle.
Branik Castle | Architecture
The Farquharson family settled in the area in the 14th century, and constructed a tower house in the 16th century. A vaulted basement within the present building dates from this time, although the tower house was remodelled in the late 17th century. Further alterations were made through the 18th and 19th centuries, and in 1875 the castle was extensively remodelled by John Thomas Wimperis in the Scots Baronial style. The house retains many Victorian furnishing and paintings.
Invercauld Castle | History
It is not known exactly when the Curtea Domnească complex was built, but it certainly replaces an old manor house still in place by the 15th century during the reign of Mircea I of Wallachia. Nevertheless, the first documentary mentions of the Curtea Domnească date from 1403 and 1409. It is therefore believed that the construction works started during the first reign of Vlad the Impaler, but that the complex remained unfinished. Archaeological excavations conducted in the mid-20th century have revealed that the Chindia Tower dates from the second half of the 15th century leading historians to propose that it is the "castle" referred to in the November 11, 1476, account of Hungarian nobleman Stephen V Báthory.
Chindia Tower | History
The previous town houses on the site were sold by Maximilian von Wallenstein to the Morzin family in 1668. In 1713 Václav Morzin (1676-1737) commissioned Jan Blažej Santini-Aichel to create one palace on the site, and building work was completed the following year. It remained in the Morzin family until 1881.
Morzin Palace | History
Over its 450-year history, the design of the castle has changed and evolved according to the times, tastes, requirements and finances of successive aristocrats. The immediate environs of the castle is known as the Castle Park.
Měšice Castle | History
Within the complex there was space for soldiers. It is not known precisely when, but the entire complex was completed before 1348.
Frankopan Castle | History
Conolly, is an extensive fabric...The great hall is entered from a terrace, by a portico of eight Doric columns, which support a dome, painted in fresco with the signs of the Zodiac and other devices. This room was ornamented with antique and modern busts, placed on pedestals of variegated marble, and has three windows of stained gloss, in one of which is an escutcheon of the Loftus arms, with quarterings finely executed. Several other apartments exhibited considerable splendour of arrangement, and contained, until lately, numerous family portraits, and a valuable collection of paintings by ancient masters. But, when it is mentioned, that this structure has been for years a public dairy, and the grounds to the extent of converted to its uses, some notion may be formed of their altered condition." In 1852 it was bought by the Lord Chancellor, Francis Blackburne whose family resided there for three generations.
Rathfarnham Castle | The nineteenth and twentieth centuries
The only inscription carved on the mortar surface of the water storage of the castle indicates the lunar date of 1217 and suggests that the building was repaired by an artisan named "Abosaeid Jaiki" in the early Qajar era. The studies made on the local history of the region is also greatly in consistency with the dates and the sovereignty of Mirza Bakhakhan and after him, his children and his offspring especially the second Mirza Rafi Khan and the third Mirza Rafi Khan certifies the foregoing matters. However, there is little documented information on the matter that whether the castle had been existed before sovereignty of Rafiei family as the local governors or not.
Furg Citadel | History
The chronicler Miron Costin (1633–1691) had a country seat here.
Ciutulești | History
The exact construction time is not known, and presumable dates to the 17th-18th century, when Ksani eristavs lead the rebellion against Iran. In 1732 Kartli was fighting against lezgins, who were completely defeated under the walls of Ikorta castle. In 1736 Iranian troops of Nader shah were defeated by Ksani eristav Shanshe by the castle.
Ikorta castle | History
Datable to the 15th century, it was always the property of the Julia family, who inherited it from father to son. It was built in two different eras: the first period is dated in the sixteenth-sixteenth century and the second at the end of the eighteenth century. The building stands on three floors, and has a very rich library, consisting of over five thousand volumes, with texts from the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and some rare ancient editions.
Acri | Palaces
The present building has the form of a palace and it was built on the ruins of a fortress destroyed in the year 1511 Idrija earthquake. The construction had started in 1517 and the works had lasted for 50 years. The external decoration of the palace and the paintings in the Parliament Hall are due to Giovanni da Udine, one of the pupils of Raphael.
Udine Castle | History
He lived in the 14th century. Historians have not been able to unveil details of Mir Ali's life yet. It is known that he lived in Tabriz and was a poet as well as an adept calligrapher (see Dehkhoda dictionary).
Mir Ali Tabrizi | Early life
The castle was probably built in the 16th century on the site of an earlier manor house, though it was rebuilt around 1650 for Johann Rudolf von Diesbach. Von Diesbach had been a colonel in the Swiss Guards in France and after returning to Switzerland was governor of Lenzburg. Due to Muri's proximity to Bern and good weather, it was a popular place for patricians to build mansions. Between 1650 and 1652 von Deisbach bought up land and built the castle. The earliest known picture of the castle, by Kauw in 1670, shows the compact main building with a pointed stair tower.
Muri Castle | History
The Nesvizh Castle complex, maintained by the family between the 16th century and 1939, is a UNESCO World Heritage site.
Radziwiłł family | Introduction
It is already known that it has existed since the beginning of the nineteenth century, yet, there are no exact data on the very year of the construction. However, there are some information that Serbian writer Joakim Vujić left to us indirectly, through his records on his journey through Serbia in 1826. While going through Obrenovac Vujić noticed the following: “After arriving here to spend the night, I came to Mr Dimitrije Mihajlović, who politely and joyfully admitted me to his honourable home, and then offered me dinner and coffee“, so it can be concluded that the house was already built in 1826.
Mihajlović Family House | History
In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1572.
Miroľa | History
It was most likely constructed in the close of the 12th century or beginning of the 13th, by Havel of Markvartice. First major reconstruction was conducted in 16th century which gave a renaissance appearance to the castle, second one took place in the baroque period in the 17th century.
Lemberk Castle | History
The craftsman Franz Hofmann and his son, Julius, were entrusted with the furnishing and decorations. Hofmann, who worked in the city of Trieste, was a skilful artisan who was willing to follow Maximilian’s suggestions. Both the artisan and his patron had a similar cultural formation and they were well acquainted with the eclectic tendencies of the time.
Miramare Castle | Miramare Castle
The castle's architectural features date it to the 13th century; it is first mentioned in 1256, under the Latin name "castrum Mannesperch". Later, the name is given differently, as "vest vnd turn Mannesperch" and "geslos Monsperg" in 1340 and 1478 respectively. In 1635 the castle fell to a peasant revolt and was burned; it burned down again in 1695, but was each time rebuilt. Through the years, the castle belonged to several noble families, including the houses of Moscona, Jurič, and Hohenwart. In 1885 the castle had been uninhabited for years and was already in a state of severe disrepair; by the end of the 19th century much of it had collapsed.
Majšperk Castle | History
Miramare Castle (; ; ; ) is a 19th-century castle direct on the Gulf of Trieste between Barcola and Grignano in Trieste, northeastern Italy. It was built from 1856 to 1860 for Austrian Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian and his wife, Charlotte of Belgium, later Emperor Maximilian I and Empress Carlota of Mexico, based on a design by Carl Junker. The castle's grounds include an extensive cliff and seashore park of designed by the archduke. The grounds were completely re-landscaped to feature numerous tropical species of trees and plants.
Miramare Castle | Introduction
In the 18th century, the economic life moved from the castle to the folwark which had an alcohol distillery and a mill. In the early 19th century, descendants of the Giedraičiai (Giedroyć) family sued the congregation for the property. Court document collected at the time provide valuable information about the castle's history. The congregation owned the deteriorating castle until the beginning of the 19th century when it was confiscated by the Tsarist authorities pursuant to the Russification policies and given to an Eastern Orthodox monastery. In 1923, after the , the property was divided and sold to farmers. In the early 20th century, a farmhouse was built in the southwestern corner of the former castle.
Baltadvaris Castle | History
Vitturi Castle was built by the aristocratic family Vitturi from Trogir, at the end of the 15th century. Two noblemen from Trogir, Nikola and Jerolim Vitturi, built the castle in order to provide protection not only for the Vitturi family but also for the population of the nearby village of Ostrog. The castle was built in the style of a luxurious renaissance palace and it was completed in 1564. It consisted of a residential building and two defence towers and it was connected to the mainland with a drawbridge. In the 18th century the drawbridge was replaced with a stone bridge.
Vitturi Castle | History
The castle would have been originally held by the De Morville family. In 1527 Cuthbert Cunninghame is said to have lived at both Jocksthorn and The Place, ""assuming that Jocksthorn is indeed Kilmaurs Castle and that the now ruined late-16th or early-17th range at The Place was itself preceded by an earlier building. After the building of the later Place, the castle must have quickly fallen into disuse and decay."" The map by Timothy Pont from circa 1600 shows a typical tower castle within an enclosure with a second area of enclosed woodland running up beside the Carmell Water. A mill is indicated and the dwelling of 'Karmel-Wood' is marked, a farm of that name surviving today (2015).
Kilmaurs Castle | History
The first fortifications on the site were a ring wall and part of the chapel and its bell tower. In the 13th century a large palas with thick walls was built west of the chapel, becoming the center of the castle. The residential wings probably were also built in the 13th century. In the 16th and 17th centuries the castle was attacked several times and burned twice. The residence wings in particular were rebuilt and renovated several times during those centuries. The lower floors were given vaulted ceilings, new windows were cut through the rock walls and they were decorated in wood.
Tarasp Castle | Castle site
Since the 12th century the area had been occupied by a Cistercians monastery. In 1325 the Fiamberti family of Pavia acquired goods and lands in the area and between 1325 and 1341 they built the original castle. In the sixties of the fourteenth century, Galeazzo II Visconti acquired the castle from the Fiamberti. The castle was completed by the Visconti family and incorporated in the Parco Visconteo.
Mirabello Castle | History
Since 1945 the castle is used to house a museum. In the years of 1954 to 1958 a number of archaeological excavations were carried out. In the 1950s and 1960s the castle was renovated and stopped the castle from becoming a ruin. The gatehouse and nearby living quarters were reconstructed.
Międzyrzecz Castle | History
The site was deserted in the 16th century, and the magnificent structures eventually fell into ruin.
Muristan | Later medieval period
The castle was built by the counts of Ferrette who lived at Altkirch in the 11th century The castle could have been built in the 12th century or at the start of the 13th: its first documented mention is from 1231. The discovery of 15th century documents from Milan has prompted several authors to say that the keep only dates from the 15th century. Situated on the edge of a spur overlooking the valley of the River Ill, the castle lost its strategic importance in the 16th century and slowly declined. After 1659, the owners (Mazarin and his heirs) showed little interest in the structure and some external buildings were put aside (prison, keeper's house).
Château d'Altkirch | History
Minard Castle and estate was built to the south of Minard Bay, which itself is south of the village of Minard, on the headland of Minard Point. Minard Castle dates from the 18th century, when it was built by the Campbell family as Knockbuie House and renamed Minard Castle in the mid-nineteenth century, when a new castellated front was added. The house was reconstructed as a Tudor Revival style of mansion in 1842 by John Thomas Rochead. In 1850, William Hamilton extended the house, adding a facade consisting of a number of large rooms to the front of the old mansion.
Minard Castle | History
The castle was built in the mid-16th century by Baron Johann Jakob Khisl. Later owners included the families of Moscon, Ravbar, Apfaltrer, Auersperg, and Pagliaruzzi. The building was renovated in 1952 by the architect Jože Plečnik in his late period. The castle garden is currently used as a concert setting.
Kranj | Kieselstein Castle
The modern village was founded during the reign of the Mahmud II (1808–39), the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, and was also known as "Al Mahmudiyya". In 1856 the village was named "el Mir" on the map of Southern Palestine that Heinrich Kiepert published that year. In 1870 Victor Guérin visited and described the village (which he called "Ma'moudieh"): "It contains at most two hundred inhabitants, who live in houses built of adobe. Several mills are set in motion by the cascading waterfalls along the Nahr el-A'oudjeh. A small bridge over the river makes it possible to cross it at this point".
Al-Mirr | Ottoman era
Formerly known as Forray Castle, Săvârșin was owned by various Hungarian noble families for three centuries during the territory owned by the Kingdom of Hungary until the Union of Transylvania with Romania. In mid-18th century, at the center of the estate on which the current Royal Castle lies, there was a building raised in western baroque style (dating from 1680), that belonged to the Edelspacher de Gyorok noble family. After having been set on fire in November 1784 by the peasants in the uprise led by Horia, Closca and Crisan, and needed being restored from the foundations, the castle had various owners, till 1858 when it became the possession of Leopold Count family Nádasdy, the one who re-built it in its present form in 1860.
Săvârșin Castle | History
The castle complex served as a control for the Thur river valley. It has been rebuilt several times. The oldest part, the fortified tower dates from the 13th century. In his later years, the painter Felix Meyer (1653-1713) lived here. In 1903, the castle became the home of Max Huber. Today, his descendants occupy the castle. It is a private residence.
Wyden Castle | History
Vila Ravijojla collected medicinal herbs from the Miroč mountain and treated his wounds. Koroglaš Monastery was built on the location in the 14th century. The mountain is known for its quality honey. The surrounding area is rich in animal life, especially deer and wild boar, and there are protected hunting, like Vratna and Ploče.
Miroč | Introduction
The area of the mire was originally , of which consisted of small lakes. It was a significant habitat for water birds and the lakes were used for fishing. A suggestion about draining the mire was first presented in 1898. The mire was drained in 1902–10. Some of the lakes that dried up were "Tunngansträsk", "Storträsk", "Nydträsk", "Risalaträsk" and "Eskesträsk". Just south of the mire is the Havor Iron Age hillfort. At the time it was built, the mire was still lakes and the fort was located on the shore of one of these. In 1961, an archaeological excavation of the hillfort lead to the discovery of the Havor hoard.
Mästermyr | Geography
The last remaining resident in the castle was Demir Pasha.
Peqin | History
Šilentabor Castle was a 15th-century castle, of which only few ruins are visible today. Archaeological excavations have revealed the remains of a medieval defence structure and yielded numerous artifacts, confirming construction and life within the castle complex from the 15th to 17th centuries, as mentioned in historical sources. It had more than fifty granaries. A model of a castle can be found in the Pivka Park of Military History.
Šilentabor | Castle
Some alterations of Chateau buildings were made at the end of the 18th century (in 1783 the chapel was erected, in 1791–92 two-pair staircases were built in the court and in the northern garden and ground arcades were walled at the same time.)
Krásný Dvůr Castle | History
The castle, built during the 17th century by the family of nobles Amilakhvari, was north of a larger complex that has now almost completely disappeared. It is now not possible to tell how the castle originally looked. According to an 18th-century historian, there were "large palaces" here. Indeed, Kvemo Chala originally had three rather different castles: the main one in the western part of the village, and two smaller in the eastern. North-east of the entire complex there was also a sauna. The church inside of the main castle, according to the writing on its eastern facade, was built in the last third of the 17th century by aznauri Papuna Karumidze.
Amilakhvari castle | History
There are many versions to the dating of this fort. The first historical vision the Mirjan Fort was built initially by a Nawayath asper Ibn_Battuta book this fort was first built by Nawayath Sultanates early 1200, then it came under the Vijayanagara Empire. Then the fort was refurbished in 1608 (Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) refers to its building over a period of 1608–1640) on the south east coastal part of the Tadri Creek. Another vision that is traced to the period 1552–1606 is that the Mirjan Fort was built initially by Queen Chennabhairadevi. She was from the Tuluva-Saluva clan and ruled for a long period (for 54 years) under the protection of the Vijayanagara Empire (the queen preferred to be subordinate ("mahamandaleshwara") of Vijayanagar rulers), as the queen of Gersoppa (a small town on the northern banks of the Sharavati River).
Mirjan Fort | History
In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1567.
Vyšný Mirošov | History
The present mansion was built in 1510 by Carniolan nobleman Georg (Jurij) Egkh, general administrator of Habsburg private estates in the Duchy of Carniola. It was initially built in the Renaissance style, but has been frequently renovated since. In the 18th century, it was bought by Michelangelo Zois, father of the Carniolan Enlightenment patron of the arts and natural scientist Sigmund Zois. In the 19th century, it changed hands several times, with its interior being completely renovated. In the first decades of the 20th century it fell into decay until it was bought by Prince Paul of Yugoslavia in 1935.
Brdo Castle near Kranj | History
Even though extensive research has been carried out through the years, historians have been unable to fully explain all aspects of the complex. No documents have been preserved that have enabled the determination of either the date of commencement of the castle's construction or the date of its completion. The name of the architect is also unknown. Krzysztof Ossoliński was enamoured with black magic; while the unique symmetry of the castle is evident even in its ruined state, the hidden meanings that may have been incorporated into virtually every part of the castle are not obvious. The very name of the complex is a mysterious one.
Krzyżtopór | Design
The castle was built by the rulers of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia on the foundations of a fourth-century Roman castle. Designed to protect against pirates, it was repaired during the Byzantine era and during the Crusades. When Alaattin Keykubat I of Seljuk Turks captured the ruins of the castle in 1221, he built a larger castle using elements of the earlier fortifications. Later, it was controlled by the Karamanid dynasty (which was a Turkmen principality in Anatolia). Although the exact date is uncertain, according to an inscription by İbrahim II of Karaman in 1450, the castle was captured during Mahmut's reign (1300–1311).
Mamure Castle | History
The castle was then burned down by the rebels around 1635. Then, in 1700, the castle burned down again when it was hit by a lightning and then demolished by the French in Napoleonic wars 100 years later. The end of the castle was also described by Miroslav Vilhar (1818–1871) in his work "Silni Tabor". The village used to have eleven houses, but now it has only seven houses, of which four are inhabited.
Šilentabor | History
It was built in 1556 by Ali Ibn Ahmed Ibn Lawand Al-Burayki, the Ottoman governor of the time. The castle was renovated in 1801 by the Saudi governor Ibrahim Ibn ‘Ufaysan. Several historians believe that the castle was named after him .
Qasr Ibrahim | History
Around 1505, there were less than 87 residential homes in Salir.
Castle of Salir | History
The retreating Russians, withdrawing east, abandoned the town and destroyed the castle with gunpowder. During the Middle Ages it was first located in the Principality of Polotsk, after the Battle on the river Nemiga in the Principality of Minsk, then was taken over by Kievan Rus' but after the Mongol Invasion the Rus' rule diminished and since 1242 Mir belonged to the expanding and dynamic Duchy of Lithuania. In 1569, along with the rest of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Mir became a part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. In 1795, Mir was acquired by the Russian Empire as a result of the Third Partition of Poland.
Mir, Belarus | History
The Huszar Castle, former Bornemisza, situated in Apalina dates from the 13th–14th centuries and was restored in the 19th century. In the old mansion of the castle lived between 1584 and 1592 Gyulai Pál of Apalina (1559–1592). He was a royal diplomat, historian, chronicler, doctor and classical poet. The castle was built in the Renaissance style with baroque elements. In 1953 the castle was taken over and used by different educational institutions for disabled persons. It has recently been returned to its owners according to the new laws of property.
Reghin | Architecture
Barr Castle was constructed in the 15th or early 16th century. It passed into the hands of the Hamiltons of Ferguslie at the end of the 16th century. They retained the castle until the late 18th century, when they sold and abandoned it for a new mansion. The castle is protected as a scheduled monument.
Barr Castle | History
The castle was built from a medieval fortress, which was first mentioned in 1401. From this year comes the tabular record of the hearing succession of Jan z Cách, owner of the nearby Čelákovice. This record is the first mention of the fortress, but its origin is not known. Until the 1970s, it was presumed that the remains of the fort had not been preserved, but later findings revealed that parts of the castle corresponded to the Gothic tower fortress. On them the southern part of the east wing was built. The possibility of further research is therefore very limited.
Dolní Počernice (château) | From the 15th to the 20th century
The word "castrum" used in the document in question attests to such a complex in what was then the legal sense. This first documentary mention and the continuous accounts thereafter, based on solid sources, lead to the conclusion that the village’s founding came about in the earlier half of the 13th century, which would also match what is classically believed to be the castle’s building date: 1200-1250. The said continuous habitation, however, is in no way to be disregarded. How this complex or possible forerunner building might have looked is utterly unknown, as is the area over which it held sway.
Grumbach | Municipality’s layout
The complex consists of the main castle with its tower, residential tract and secondary buildings surrounded by a ring wall and a southern outer ward which is surrounded by another ring wall in varying thickness. The two parts were connected by the gateway, through which a vaulted passage led into the courtyard of the main castle. Numerous masonry joints and differences in the wall structure indicate that the building must have taken place in several stages. The oldest part is part of the ring wall on the southeast which may date to before 1200. The main tower to the north may be from before 1200 or the early 13th century.
Tschanüff Castle | Castle site
This is a later alteration; the original doorway was on the first floor, reached by a stairway. Window openings survive on all four sides of the building. Also visible on the tower walls are several elements which indicate later alterations, probably in the late 17th century, when the tower was converted into a larger residence. Little now survives of the courtyard as drawn by McGibbon & Ross in the 19th century. Extant photographs and plans indicate that the courtyard supported various subsidiary buildings, including a wing attached to the southern wall of the tower, now gone.
Barr Castle | Architecture
Nothing is known of the history of the castle site. Castle researchers previously thought that the castle was built in early part of the 14th century. More recent research now doubts, however, that the site was a castle at all. Ceramic finds date the settlement of the area to the 14th century. It could have served as a place that miners used as a place to live and work, where iron ore was processed and smelted. Old names such as Zlatý potok ("Goldbach" or "Gold Stream") or Železná jáma ("Eisengrube" or "Iron Pit"), have survived to the present day in the surrounding area, which indicates medieval mining took place here.
Kyjovský hrádek | History
The existence of an original fortress on the site of today's château is assumed from sometime around the middle of the 14th century. It was built on a rocky granite outcrop, which, after the damming of a stream and the filling up of a fishpond, became an island. The first written source is an entry into the land records from 1465, mentioning the division of the property of deceased Ctibor of Zásmuk between his two sons Petr and Václav. The fortress then might have been sold into the ownership of Diviš Boubínský of Újezd, who sold it to the knightly family of Káb of Rybňan sometime around 1530.
Červená Lhota Castle | History
It is notable for a ballroom with stucco decoration, and for the Red Salon lined with silk Chinese-style wallpaper. The English-style park of the palace includes the burial place of the last reigning Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, who died in 1918. The grand-ducal tomb is situated in the Gothic Church of Saint John, which was rebuilt after its complete destruction in 1945.
Mirow | History
This owner also developed mining, especially iron ore, which reached its peak between the second half of the 16th and the beginning of the 17th centuries. This era of peace and prosperity left its prints in the castle structures even today. The last lord of Sovinec, in the beginning of the 16th century, altered the central core of the castle by adding late gothic gate wings to it. Key examples of this architectural change are the gothic gate which leads to the inner palace built in the castle's fifth courtyard, and the surrounding buildings, as shown in the engraved insignia of Ješek and Jan Pňovský.
Sovinec | 16th and 17th centuries
It is not certain when the village was established, but it was some time during the Mongol invasion of Europe, or the earlier Hungarian invasion (). The first record of the village is in 1392 and the Monaky family owned it in the 13th century . The name of the village comes from Slavic "monoh" meaning "monk". During the Ottoman Empire the village was razed and in 1567 it was recorded as being just barren fields. Towards the end of this century the village was reinhabited and around 1570 a small castle was built in the Renaissance style. Later, the village was owned by the Andrássy family who renovated the castle, but because it was too small they built another nearby in the Classical style.
Monok | History
After that, the castle passed to brother of Jindřich's mother: Lord Zikmund Smiřický of Smiřice. In about 1545 he started reconstructing the old castle and modernised it into a Renaissance residence. During this reconstruction he probably built the western range with arcades and the building on the eastern side of the courtyard. During the inheritance procedure after his death, his sons divided the large family property so that Jaroslav became the owner of Škvorec, Albrecht received Náchod and Miletín and Jindřich got Hrubá Skála and Hořice. But not much earlier than 1560, Albrecht is also mentioned as the owner of Škvorec.
Škvorec Chateau | Early modern history