The most notable strike organised by Fernandes, when he was President of the All India Railwaymen's Federation, was the All India Railway strike of 1974, where the entire nation was brought to a halt. The strike was the result of grievances by railway workers that had been built up over two decades before the strike. Though there were three Pay commissions between 1947 and 1974, none of them increased the standard of living of the workers. In February 1974, the National Coordinating Committee for Railwaymen's Struggle (NCCRS) was formed to bring all the railway unions, the central trade unions and political parties in the Opposition together to prepare for the strike to start on 8 May 1974.
1974 railway strike
George Fernandes
George Fernandes | 1974 railway strike
It was organised by him and was President of the All India Railwaymen's Federation. He organized the All India Railway strike of 1974 when he was President of the All India Railwaymen's Federation He organized the 1974 railway strike Sorry. I cannot find the answer based on the context.
who was the first president of india to be elected unopposed
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Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
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was he involved in freedom struggle?
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Yes, he joined the Indian struggle for independence.
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which other political posts did he have?
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President of the Indian National Congress, Union Minister of Steel and Mines, Union Minister of Transport, Civil Aviation, Shipping and Tourism, speaker of the Lok Sabha, etc.
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which political party was he associated with?
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Indian National Congress Party in the Indian independence movement and Janata Party as a candidate for Parliament.
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when was the second political party established?
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23 January 1977
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what was its role during emergency?
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A state of emergency enabled the central government to issue executive decrees without requiring the consent of Parliament.
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what was the party's major economic policy?
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t launched the Sixth Five-Year Plan, aiming to boost agricultural production and rural industries.
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who was instrumental in founding the party?
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Jayaprakash Narayan, Jivatram Kripalani, George Fernandes, Morarji Desai, etc.
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what was the role of the third leader in the railway strike?
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Becoming a trade union leader, Fernandes organised many strikes and "bandhs" in Bombay in the 1950s and 1960s while working with the Indian Railways. He defeated S K Patil of Indian National Congress in the 1967 parliamentary elections from the Bombay South constituency. He organised the 1974 Railway strike, when he was President of the All India Railwaymen's Federation. Fernandes went underground during the Emergency era of 1975, while challenging Prime Minister Indira Gandhi for imposing a state of emergency, but in 1976 he was arrested and tried in the infamous Baroda dynamite case. In 1977, after the Emergency had been lifted, Fernandes won the Muzaffarpur seat in Bihar in absentia and was appointed as Union Minister for Industries.
George Fernandes | Introduction
During his tenure as a minister in the Janata Party, he continued to be uncomfortable with certain elements of the broad-based Janata coalition, especially with the leaders of the erstwhile Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Jan Sangh in the Union Cabinet. In a debate preceding a vote of confidence two years into the government's tenure in 1979, he vehemently spoke out against the practice of permitting members to retain connections to the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) while being in the ministry in the Janata Party. The leaders of the Bharatiya Jan Sangh, among them Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Lal Krishna Advani, refused to give up their allegiance with the RSS, leading to a split within the Janata Party.
George Fernandes | Party memberships and railway ministry
The most notable strike organised by Fernandes, when he was President of the All India Railwaymen's Federation, was the All India Railway strike of 1974, where the entire nation was brought to a halt. The strike was the result of grievances by railway workers that had been built up over two decades before the strike. Though there were three Pay commissions between 1947 and 1974, none of them increased the standard of living of the workers. In February 1974, the National Coordinating Committee for Railwaymen's Struggle (NCCRS) was formed to bring all the railway unions, the central trade unions and political parties in the Opposition together to prepare for the strike to start on 8 May 1974.
George Fernandes | 1974 railway strike
D. Deve Gowda and Inder Kumar Gujral. After the collapse of the United Front ministry led by Gujral, BJP and its allies won a slender majority in the 1998 general elections. The government lasted only for 13 months, due to the non-co-operation of All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) leader Jayalalitha.
George Fernandes | Party memberships and railway ministry
A month later, the railway-employees union, the largest union in the country, went on a nationwide railways strike. This strike which was led by the firebrand trade union leader George Fernandes who was the President of the All India Railwaymen's Federation. He was also the President of the Socialist Party. The strike was brutally suppressed by the Indira Gandhi government, which arrested thousands of employees and drove their families out of their quarters.
The Emergency (India) | Political unrest
K. Jaffer Sheriff, but lost the election by a margin of 40,000 votes. He then decided to shift his base to Bihar in 1989, when an anti-Congress wave was sweeping the country in the wake of the Bofors scandal, and won Muzaffarpur in the 1989 and 1991 general elections, He later joined the Janata Dal, a party which was formed from the Janata Party at Bangalore in August 1988. His second tenure as Minister of Railways in the V. P. Singh's government from 1989 to 1990, though short-lived, was quite eventful. He was one of the driving forces behind the Konkan Railway project, the first major development in the history of rail transport in India since independence.
George Fernandes | Party memberships and railway ministry
In Bombay, electricity and transport workers, as well as taxi drivers joined the protests. In Gaya, Bihar, striking workers and their families squatted on the tracks. More than 10,000 workers of the Integral Coach Factory in Madras marched to the Southern Railway headquarters to express their solidarity with the striking workers. Similar protests erupted across the country. The strike, which started on 8 May 1974, at the time of economic crisis, provoked strong government reactions and massive arrests. According to Amnesty International, 30,000 trade unionists were detained, most held under preventive detention laws. Those arrested included not only members of the strike action committee and trade unionists, but also railwaymen who participated in the strike.
George Fernandes | 1974 railway strike
George Mathew Fernandes (3 June 1930 – 29 January 2019) was an Indian trade unionist, statesman, journalist, and member of Rajya Sabha from Bihar for a short while, and a member of Lok Sabha for a very long period, starting from Bombay (present-day Mumbai) in 1967 but mostly representing Bihar. He was a key member of the Janata Dal and the founder of the Samata Party. He held several ministerial portfolios including communication , industry, railways, and defence. A native of Mangalore, Fernandes was sent to Bangalore in 1946 to be trained as a priest. In 1949, he moved to Bombay, where he joined the socialist trade union movement.
George Fernandes | Introduction
Fernandes broke away from the erstwhile Janata Dal and formed the Samata Party in 1994, which became a key ally of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), a party which is the current form of the erstwhile Bharatiya Jana Sangh. BJP formed a short-lived government in the 1996 general elections along with the Samata Party and other allies. The government survived only for 13 days, since the BJP could not gather enough support from other parties to form a majority. Fernandes later served in the opposition along with BJP during the two United Front governments (1996–1998) led by Janata Dal ministers H.
George Fernandes | Party memberships and railway ministry
The issue of "dual membership" caused Morarji Desai to lose the vote of confidence, and his government was reduced to a minority in the "Lok Sabha". After the Janata Party started disintegrating in 1979, Charan Singh left it to form the Janata (Secular) Party and with support from the Congress Party, replaced Desai as Prime Minister. In the seventh general elections held in 1980, the Janata (Secular) ministry failed to maintain a majority in the "Lok Sabha", and Congress once again became the ruling party. Fernandes retained his Parliamentary seat from Muzaffarpur in 1980, and sat in the opposition. He contested for the "Lok Sabha" in 1984 from Bangalore North constituency against future Railway minister and Congress candidate C.
George Fernandes | Party memberships and railway ministry
The strike was called off unilaterally on 27 May 1974 by the Action Committee. As explained later by Fernandes, "the strike was called off because those conducting the strike had started speaking in different voices." Although large number of prisoners were released, among them Fernandes, thousands remained in detention, charged with specific offences. The strike led to a sense of insecurity and threat that led to Indira Gandhi's imposition of the Emergency era in 1975. Previous strikes were aimed at companies or industries, but this strike was aimed at the government and from its ramifications proved to be the most successful of disastrous industrial actions in Indian history.
George Fernandes | 1974 railway strike
This was not the first railways strike in India, the earliest having occurred in British India in 1862 in Howrah, and a number of strikes having occurred in the private railway companies that operated in British India, most of them becoming part of the Indian freedom struggle. As President of the All India Railwaymen's Federation, George Fernandes led the strike.
1974 railway strike in India | Reasons for the strike
The moment that thrust Fernandes into the limelight was his decision to contest the 1967 general election. He was offered a party ticket for the Bombay South constituency by the Samyukta Socialist Party against the more popular S. K. Patil of the Indian National Congress in Bombay. Patil was a seasoned politician, with two decades of experience. Nevertheless, Fernandes won by garnering 48.5 per cent of the votes, thus earning his nickname, "George the Giantkiller". The shocking defeat ended Patil's political career. Fernandes emerged as a key leader in the upsurge of strike actions in Bombay during the second half of the 1960s but, by the beginnings of the 1970s, the impetus of his leadership had largely disappeared.
George Fernandes | Life in Bombay
Past AIRF presidents include Peter Alvares (1968–73), George Fernandes (1973-76) and Priya Gupta (1976–79). In May 1974, AIRF President George Fernandes led a nationwide railway strike that was suppressed by the Government of India. The strike lasted from 8 to 27 May 1974. The 20 day strike by 1.7 million (17 lakh) workers is the largest recorded industrial action in the world. In 2007, Indian Railways was ordered by courts to hold secret ballot elections for the first time to determine union representation in each of its seventeen zones. The court case was precipitated by the then BJP-led government's decision in 2002 to unilaterally grant recognition to its affiliate Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh.
All India Railwaymen's Federation | Introduction
Pillai, President of the Central Committee was arrested on 25 July followed by T.K. Naidu, Secretary of the Engineering Workshop Labour Union, P. Mudaliar, General Secretary and V. Aujar, Vice President of the Central Committee, on 26 July. On 27 July, nine more leaders of the strike were arrested. The very same day, M. Pillai, Union Secretary at Tinnevely, called off the strike. The strike, however, continued in Trichinopoly and Madura till 30 July 1928, when Krishnamachari, the Secretary of the South Indian Railway Workers' Union, and Pillai, treasurer of the South Indian Railway Local Labour Union, issued a statement formally calling off the strike Minor incidents occurred till 2 August 1928, when the South Indian Railway Workers' Union was officially outlawed.
1928 South Indian railway strike | End of the strike
Later, he joined the socialist trade union movement. He rose to prominence as a trade unionist and fought for the rights of labourers in small scale service industries such as hotels and restaurants. Emerging as a key figure in the Bombay labour movement in the early 1950s, Fernandes was a central figure in the unionisation of sections of Bombay labour in the 1950s. As a labour organiser, he served many prison terms when his workforce engaged in fights with company goons. He served as a member of the Bombay Municipal Corporation from 1961 to 1968. He won in the civic election in 1961 and, until 1968, continuously raised the problems of the exploited workers in the representative body of the metropolis.
George Fernandes | Life in Bombay
30 and repeal of Circular No. 202. The management responded with a lockout. The strike also encountered opposition from some of the union leaders, too, notable among them being S. V. Aiyar, editor of the Indian Railway Magazine and President of the Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway Employees Union and Ernest Kirk, General Secretary of the Madras Labour Union who commented The striking workers responded by accusing them of "betraying the interests of the workers" and "working against the Central Committee." At a meeting in Trichinopoly on 1 July 1928, Mukundlal Sircar, Secretary of the All India Labour Union, blamed British imperialism for widespread unemployment in India and exhorted railway workers to join hands with the Indian National Congress and participate in the Indian Independence Movement.
1928 South Indian railway strike | Events
Giri was closely associated with the labour and trade union movement in India throughout his career. Giri was a founding member of the All India Railwaymen's Federation which was formed in 1923 and served as its general secretary for over a decade. He was elected president of the All India Trade Union Congress for the first time in 1926. Giri also founded the Bengal Nagpur Railway Association and in 1928 led the workers of the Bengal Nagpur Railway in a non violent strike for the rights of retrenched workers. The strike succeeded in forcing the British Indian government and the management of the railway company to concede the workers' demands and is regarded as a milestone in the labour movement in India.
V. V. Giri | Role in the labour movement
During his tenure as union minister, he ordered American multinationals IBM and Coca-Cola to leave the country, due to investment violations. He was the driving force behind the Konkan Railway project during his tenure as railway minister from 1989 to 1990. He was a defence minister in the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) Government (1998–2004), when the Kargil War broke out between India and Pakistan, and India conducted its nuclear tests at Pokhran. A veteran socialist, Fernandes has been dogged by various controversies, including the Barak Missile scandal and the Tehelka affair. George Fernandes won nine Lok Sabha elections from 1967 to 2004.
George Fernandes | Introduction
George Fernandes' June 25 schedule in Berhampur city was packed. He attended a meeting of the Berhampur University Employees Association, a meeting with socialist leaders and workers and a gathering of intellectuals in the evening. He was scheduled to attend a meeting of the Railways Workers Association of Odisha on June 26 in Berhampur City but before that he hid himself there secretly. A warrant was issued in Fernandes' name and subsequently he went underground to escape arrest and prosecution. When the police failed to capture him, they arrested and tortured his brother, Lawrence Fernandes, to reveal his brother's whereabouts.
George Fernandes | Emergency era and union ministry
After the emergency was subsided in January 1977, so that elections could be held on 21 March 1977 in India. The Congress Party, led by Indira Gandhi, suffered a defeat at the hands of the Janata Party, a coalition created in 1977 out of several small parties that opposed Gandhi's Emergency era. The Janata Party and its allies came to power, headed by Morarji Desai, who became the first non-Congress Prime Minister of India. Fernandes won the Muzaffarpur seat in Bihar by an over 300,000 vote margin in 1977 from jail where he was lodged in the Baroda dynamite case, despite his not even visiting the constituency.
George Fernandes | Union Minister and Muzaffarpur MP post-1977
Snehalata Reddy, a chronic asthmatic was arrested for being in touch with George Fernandes and, as she was not given adequate care in the prison, died soon after her release. In July 1975, Fernandes arrived in Baroda. There, he met Kirit Bhatt, who was president of Baroda Union of Journalists, and Vikram Rao, a staff correspondent of "The Times of India" at Baroda, both who opposed the Emergency. They used to meet and discuss on what could be done to topple the autocratic Indira Gandhi Government. An industrialist friend, Viren J. Shah, managing director of Mukand Ltd., helped them find contacts for procuring dynamite, used extensively in quarries around Halol (near Baroda).
George Fernandes | Emergency era and union ministry
In 1969, he was chosen General Secretary of the Samyukta Socialist Party, and in 1973 became the Chairman of the Socialist Party. After the 1970s, Fernandes failed to make major inroads in Bombay's growing private-sector industries.
George Fernandes | Life in Bombay
The Leader of the Opposition, P. Upendra was a General Secretary of the Front at its formation. In 1991, Jharkhand Mukti Morcha became a part of the Front. TDP split in 1995, with a minority faction siding with N. T. Rama Rao and the majority faction choosing to side with Chandrababu Naidu. The Front collapsed before the Lok Sabha elections of 1996, when NF tried to rope in both DMK and AIADMK, resulting in the DMK walking out. After NTR died of a heart attack in January 1996, Janata Dal stood by Rama Rao's widow Lakshmi Parvathi while Left parties formed an alliance with Chandrababu naidu.
Third Front (India) | National Front (1989–1991)
& S. Factory, Kanpur after the strike on 27 January 1956; sent to jail again in connection with Lal Imli Workers' agitation in 1957; took active part in 1960 and also in 1968 Central Government strikes and was sent to jail; took active part during State Government Employees' strike in 1967 in U.P. and was sent to jail. He was a member of (1) All India Post & Telegraph Council, (2) Telephone Advisory Council, Kanpur, and (3) Divisional Northern Railway Council. He was president of (1) All India Defence Employees' Federation, (2) Government of India Press Workers' Federation, (3) All India Linemen and Class IV Union, (4) U.P., M.E.S.
S. M. Banerjee | Political career
N. Chandrababu Naidu of the Telugu Desam Party served as the convener of United Front. The Indian general election in 1996 returned a fractured verdict. With the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) emerging as the largest party, with 161 of 543 seats, it was invited first to form a government. It accepted the offer, and Atal Bihari Vajpayee was sworn in as prime minister. However, he was unable to muster a majority on the floor of the house, and the government fell 13 days later. At a meeting of all the other parties, the Indian National Congress, with a substantial 140 seats, declined to head the government and along with the Communist Party of India (Marxist), agreed to extend outside support to a coalition with the Janata Dal at its head, named the "United Front".
Third Front (India) | United Front (1996–1998)
K. Gujral, who was Prime Minister from 21 April 1997 – 19 March 1998. Following the collapse of his government, fresh elections were called, and the United Front lost power.
Third Front (India) | United Front (1996–1998)
The Party described the former Minister of Defence George Fernandes as the "International Torch-bearer of Socialism" in view of his longstanding association with socialist movement. Party also spearheads a movement for separate Union Territory for Karaikal within Indian Union.
Dravida Peravai | Introduction
Other members of the front included the Samajwadi Party, Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, Asom Gana Parishad, Tamil Maanila Congress, Communist Party of India and Telugu Desam Party. With the approval of the Congress and CPI(M), the sitting Chief Minister of Karnataka, H. D. Deve Gowda, was asked to head the coalition as Prime Minister after V. P. Singh, Chandra babu Naidu and Jyoti Basu declined. His term was from 1 June 1996 – 21 April 1997. The Congress revoked its support to Deve Gowda amidst discontent over communication between the coalition and the Congress. It compromised to support a new government under I.
Third Front (India) | United Front (1996–1998)
Lawrence Fernandes (1932-14 November 2005) was a socialist political leader from India. He was brother of George Fernandes. Lawrence Fernandes was born on 1932 to John Joseph Fernandes and Alice Martha Fernandes ("née" Pinto), in Mangalore to a Mangalorean Catholic family. He was the second of six children, his siblings are George, Michael, Paul, Aloysius, and Richard. During the Emergency, he was arrested on 1 May 1976 by the Government and brutally tortured and held in illegal custody before being transferred to the Bangalore Central Jail, to extract from him whereabouts of his elder brother George Fernandes. Madhu Dandavate, who was arrested and was in the same jail wrote a letter to Indira Gandhi that he is being inhumanely tortured and may even die.
Lawrence Fernandes | Introduction
It was reported that George Fernandes was angry with Nitish Kumar as Sharad Yadav was elected as the party president of JD(U) and he believed that this humiliation had been engineered by Nitish Kumar. It was also reported that there were indications that Fernandes may revive the Samata Party as he felt that the rank and file of the party had been ignored following the party's merger with JD(U). George Fernandes returned to the party in 2007.
Samta Party | Return of George Fernandes
He first contested Lok Sabha election in 1967 as a socialist, and defeated the Congress stalwart Sa Kaa Patil in Bombay in a famous upset, earning the sobriquet 'George the Giant-killer'. He contested from Muzaffarpur, Bihar in 1977 while still in jail as a Janata Party candidate, and won. He was made minister in the first non-Congress govt in India. In 1979, he resigned from Janata Party, joined Charan Singh's breakaway Janata Party (S), and won again from Muzaffarpur in 1980. In 1984 he fought from Bangalore on Janata Party's ticket but lost to Jaffar Sharif of Congress. He lost a bye-poll from Banka in 1985 and again in 1986.
George Fernandes | Brief history of participating in elections
National Front (NF) was a coalition of political parties, led by the Janata Dal, which formed India's government between 1989 and 1990 under the leadership of N. T. Rama Rao, popularly known as NTR, as President of national front and V. P. Singh as Convener. The coalition's prime minister was V. P. Singh later succeeded by Chandra Shekhar. The parties in the Front were: Janata Dal at national level, Telugu Desam Party of Andhra Pradesh, Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam of Tamil Nadu, and Asom Gana Parishad of Assam and Indian Congress (Socialist). They were supported from outside by the Left Front and the Bharatiya Janata Party.
Third Front (India) | National Front (1989–1991)
In 1948, after Independence, he was jailed again. In 1949 he organised the first clandestine conference of the CPI in Rajputana.
Swami Kumaranand | Labour and communist leader
After returning from his North Indian tour Singaravelar was drawn into another railway employees' strike. In 1927, the workers of the South Indian Railways were resisting measures by the management to retrench them through a fresh assessment of their skills. Also the management had decided relocating employees working in different railway workshops to one near Tiruchirapalli(Trichy). The workers demanded the withdrawal of both these measures. When the management refused to accede to their demands, the workers went on strike from 19 July 1928. All the railway employees, irrespective of their seniority, joined the strike. from 21 July 1928 the trains were stilled.
Malayapuram Singaravelu | South Indian Railway Strike
In 1941 when Rangoon was bombarded during Second World War, Latchanna in spite of being underground, arranged “Burma refugee’s conference” at Narasannapeta, presided by N.G. Ranga to assist the Indian labourers in Burma who fled to their native land, India. As a result of this conference, the then Madras government was obliged to provide relief to the evacuees by constituting "Burma evacuees relief committee". He was the founder and president of the Andhra State Unit of the Indian National Trade Union Congress, which he continued till 1955. He was the president of Shipyard Labour Union at Visakhapatnam and was instrumental in organising strikes, getting pay scale hikes and introduction of service grades for the workers.
Gouthu Latchanna | Leader for weaker sections
In 1950 Ranadive was deposed from his role as general secretary, and the Andhra cadres led by C. Rajeshwara Rao took over the leadership of the party.
1964 split in the Communist Party of India | Second Party Congress and the Zhdanov Doctrine
The strike eventually failed. Singaravelar along with a prominent leader of the strike, Sakkarai Chettiar, and a number of employees were arrested.Singaravelar was sentenced the ten years imprisonment, which was reduced to 18 months on appeal.
Malayapuram Singaravelu | South Indian Railway Strike
It was unclear whether the Indian National Congress (INC), currently India's largest opposition party, would be a part of this alliance, as INC President Rahul Gandhi did not appear at the United India rally. Instead, Gandhi sent the floor leader of the INC in the Lok Sabha, Mallikarjun Kharge, to attend the rally on his behalf.
Third Front (India) | Federal Front (2019)
Employees of various railway systems in India, the North-Western Railway, Bengal Nagpur Railway, and The East Indian Railway went on to strike demanding better working conditions and for better treatment by the management.Singaravelar went on a tour to north India to extend his support to the striking railway employees. In February 1927 he reached Bhopal and met the striking workers. In Howrah and Bengal 30,000 workers were on strike. Singaravelar along with a group of workers from Madras State also took part in the strike.
Malayapuram Singaravelu | Singaravelar and railway employees' strike
Jayaben Desai (2 April 1933 – 23 December 2010) was a prominent leader of the strikers in the Grunwick dispute in London in 1976.
Jayaben Desai | Introduction
On the third day after his marriage, he was obliged to proceed to Rangoon to get the Indian labourers released who were in the concentration camps aftermath the assassination of Aung San.
Gouthu Latchanna | Leader for weaker sections
Ghosh was named Minister for Labour in the second United Front government of West Bengal, formed in 1969. As Labour Minister, Ghosh sought to support labour in its confrontation with corporate interests. With the CPI(M) in charge of both the Home and Labour departments, the police were instructed not to intervene against striking workers. "Gherao"s were effectively legalized. Salaries of workers increased as a result. In the first six months of the second United Front government there were 551 strikes and 73 lock-outs across the state, affecting some 570,000 workers.
Krishnapada Ghosh | United Front ministry
He began to work with plantation workers. When the CPI was divided in 1964, J. Hemachandran sided with the Communist Party of India (Marxist). In the same year he was arrested under DIR and was imprisoned during fourteen months. When the Centre of Indian Trade Unions was formed, he became a leading figure of the organisation in the state. He led struggles of coir, textile, plantation workers, amongst other. He was district secretary and later state secretary of the CITU Transport Workers' Federation. He would also become Vice President of the All India Plantation Workers Federation.
J. Hemachandran | Introduction
However, there was speculation that the AGP and BJD were still in preparatory talks to re-join the NDA. A consensus on a prime ministerial candidate, however, was not achieved. Though CPI(M) has sought to build what it terms a "secular and democratic alternative" to the INC and BJP, general secretary Prakash Karat discarded the notion that these moves would result in a Third Front electoral alliance. He also suggested a possible Third Front would only emerge after the election.
2014 Indian general election | Third Front
The reigning Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi, declared a state of emergency on 25 June 1975 due to internal political disturbances. Accordingly, all fundamental rights enjoyed in the Indian Constitution were suspended. Political dissidents, newspaper reporters, opposition leaders who opposed the emergency were jailed. George Fernandes, along with like-minded leaders, opposed what he saw as a blatant misuse of power. A day before the emergency George Fernande had arrived in Berhampur City in Odisha (on June 24, 1975) and was staying at his father-in-law Humayun Kabir's house on Gopalpur-On-Sea beach near Berhampur City, Odisha. Humayun Kabir was the Education Minister in former Prime Minister Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru's cabinet.
George Fernandes | Emergency era and union ministry
His response was to organise what may have been the first strike action by agricultural workers in the region, who withdrew their labour from the fields that were owned by the upper castes until the government acceded to a complete removal of restrictions on education.
Ayyankali | Education
Like rest of the world, it was a period of great unrest in India too.In India throughout 1928 and 1929 there was a strong wave of strikes, on the railroads, in ironworks and in the textile industry. 31 million working days lost in 1928, through industrial disputes. Trade union numbers and organisation grew rapidly during this period." Muzaffar Ahmed, Usmani and Dange joined these later campaigns on their release from jail.
Shripad Amrit Dange | Comintern's involvement
The first strike of workers in Alleppey had been organised by the TLA around 1925-1926, some time after the demand for legislative representation had been made. A later general strike, when under the influence of the CSP in 1938, lasted more than three weeks, involving many thousands of workers as well as numerous CSP activists who had moved from the neighbouring area of Malabar. The strike had protested the autocracy of Travancore's maharajah, then Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma, and a decision to ban the state's Indian National Congress (INC) party, The strike ended due to the negotiations by the INC and the Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana (SNDP).
Travancore Labour Association | Politicisation
The Left's position was that the role of the Indian National Congress was not entirely negative, but that it was reactionary and should be opposed. The Left argued that CPI should work for People's Democracy, and build unity among democratic forces under working class leadership. Namboodiripad represented a third position, that bourgeoisie was divided between monopoly capital (foreign and domestic) and an anti-imperialist/anti-feudal sections. Per Namboodiripad the CPI should seek to win over the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal sectors of bourgeoisie. The question of election of the party leadership involved complexities regarding the party hierarchy. Namboodiripad was again the identified the default acting general secretary but Dange had a strong position as the Lok Sabha leader of the party.
1964 split in the Communist Party of India | Sixth Party Congress: Vijayawada
But his electoral victory and the role he played as the leader of the largest parliamentary opposition faction significantly increased his political stature. And being present at the parliament in Delhi, in the vicinity of the central party headquarters, enabled Dange to emerge as a potential candidate to act as the replacement for the general secretary during Ghosh's medical absences. Coincidentally, Ghosh had no periods of absence during Namboodiripad's tenure as Chief Minister of Kerala.
1964 split in the Communist Party of India | 1957 elections
In March 2018, Chief Minister of West Bengal Mamata Banerjee and Chief Minister of Telangana K. Chandrashekhar Rao called for a coalition urging all regional parties to form a "Federal Front" for the 2019 Indian general election. While Rao indicated a non-BJP non-Congress coalition, Banerjee avoided a direct answer. On 19 January 2019, opposition leaders from across the country, including former Prime Minister H.D. Deve Gowda, Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister Chandrababu Naidu, Karnataka Chief Minister H.D.Kumaraswamy, Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal as well as Samajwadi Party leader Akhilesh Yadav, Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam leader M. K. Stalin, Bahujan Samaj Party Secretary-General Satish Chandra Mishra, Jammu and Kashmir National Conference leader Farooq Abdullah, Nationalist Congress Party leader Sharad Pawar, Rashtriya Janata Dal leader Tejashwi Yadav, Rashtriya Lok Dal leader Ajit Singh, Jharkhand Mukti Morcha leader Hemant Soren, Loktantrik Janata Dal leader Sharad Yadav, All India United Democratic Front leader Badruddin Ajmal, former Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh Gegong Apang, former Union Ministers Arun Shourie and Yashwant Sinha and BJP rebel MP Shatrughan Sinha assembled in Kolkata for the United India rally organised by West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee, in the first major show of strength of the newly-minted Mahagathbandhan alliance for the 2019 Indian general election.
Third Front (India) | Federal Front (2019)
On 28 June 1928, the Central Committee of the South Indian Railway Workers Union telegraphed the management authorities demanding their response to the union's petition to withdraw Circular No. 202 dealing with retrenchment and a general pay raise for both skilled and unskilled workers. The management refused to raise the pay and explained that the lay offs were the result of a government inquiry. On 29 June 1928, about 8,000 workers in the South Indian Railway workshops in Negapatam, Trichinopoly and Podanur struck work. The union demanded a total wage increase of 25 percent, a minimum wage threshold of Rs.
1928 South Indian railway strike | Events
Dange was elected to the Lok Sabha by wide margin. After the election Dange was elected as the new CPI group leader in the Lok Sabha. The outcome of the 1957 elections would impact the roles of Dange and Namboodiripad within the party hierarchy. During the period of 1953-1956 Namboodiripad was seen as the number two in the party, and he was accepted by all factions as the default acting general secretary during Ghosh's medical leaves. But once he took charge as Chief Minister, he was no longer able to exercise organizational functions at the Delhi party headquarters. Generally Dange had been perceived as the number three in the party hierarchy.
1964 split in the Communist Party of India | 1957 elections
During Joshi's period as general secretary, the group around Ranadive organized opposition towards him. When Ranadive held the general secretaryship, Joshi and C. Rajeshwara Rao undermined Ranadive's leadership. During 1949-1950 rumours were actively circulated in the party, accusing Dange of being a government agent. Rao, in turn, was undermined by the Ranadive faction during 1950-1953.
1964 split in the Communist Party of India | From armed struggle to parliamentary politics
Basu who was the leader of the upper caste as he himself belonged to upper-caste Kayastha community didn't see the matter properly and there were also upcoming Elections in the West Bengal. Later Basu made the decision against the Commission and that led to inner break in the Communist Party of India (Marxist) as the Kerela unit was in favour of the decision and after Basu also known to be a portal of "Anti-Dalits". And his Chief ministership was vandalised and he was called upon even for the Marichjhapi massacre for which his votes of the Dalit was challenged.
Jyoti Basu | Third Term (1987–1991)
The Janata Dal (United) did not field any candidate against him, which led to his being elected unopposed. He was sworn in on 4 August 2009.
George Fernandes | After the defence ministership
However soon afterwards, he also became involved in organising railway workers, planning strikes and is described to have preferred direct action over ballot box in the initial years. In 1941, Basu was appointed as the party secretary of the Bengal Assam Railway and tasked with organising a workers union. By May 1943, he had become the representative of the Calcutta Port Engineering Worker's Union in the All India Trade Union Congress, while the Bengal Assam Railway Workers Union under him increased its membership to over 4,000 with union members present in Dacca, Calcutta, Kanchrapara, Mymensingh, Rangpur and Assam. Although by this time, he had also become a widower with the early death of his wife, Basanti Basu, just two years into their marriage.
Jyoti Basu | Independence movement
In 1963, he led a strike in the Colombo port that escalated into an all-island general strike and defied the government of Sirima Bandaranaike when it invoked its emergency powers. When the LSSP left the Fourth International to join the Bandaranaike government in 1964, Tampoe became a central leader of the Lanka Sama Samaja Party (Revolutionary), which the United Secretariat of the Fourth International recognised as its section.
Bala Tampoe | Trade union activities
At the Second Round Table Conference, Giri was present as a representative of the industrial workers of India. Giri worked towards getting the trade unions to support the freedom movement in India and was twice president of the AITUC which was closely allied with the Indian National Congress.
V. V. Giri | Role in the labour movement
During the Emergency in India, he went underground for a year and a half and was declared a wanted fugitive under the Maintenance of Internal Security Act. He was arrested in November 1976 and detained until the lifting of the Emergency. Anandan was the leader of three state marches (കാല്‍നട ജാഥകള്‍) of the Coir Worker's Union: in 1973 to protest against the local police killing of Comrade Ammu, a coir worker at Vazhamuttom in Thiruvananthapuram district; in 1974 to press for better work and wages; and the famous Coir Strike in 1975.
Anathalavattom Anandan | Political career
R. Venkatraman and B. Srinivasa Rao. They had already organized workers and formed unions in industrial towns such as Madurai and Coimbatore when they were functioning as socialists. Jeevanandham was in the forefront of efforts to build a strong labor movement based on Marxism. His oratory and writings helped him fulfill the task. But these leaders suffered police repression and were imprisoned several times. Jeevanandham visited sensitive areas and kept the workers’ fighting spirit alive. Alongside industrial workers, agricultural laborers and small farmers were also organized in Thanjavur and other districts. Jeevanandham and Ramamurthi inspired thousands of people through powerful speeches.
P. Jeevanandham | Communist years (before Indian independence)
In 1943 he was elected to the central committee of the party. In February 1946 BTR played a major role in organizing a general strike in support of the Naval ratings revolt. At its 2nd Party Congress held in Calcutta in February, 1948 the party elected BTR in place of P.C. Joshi as its general secretary. BTR was the general secretary of CPI 1948-1950. During that period the party was engaged in revolutionary uprisings, such as the Telangana armed struggle. In 1950 BTR was deposed, and denounced by the party as a "left adventurist".
B. T. Ranadive | Introduction
Many students left Raj-sponsored public schools during the non-cooperation movement, and many lawyers abandoned their practices. Many Indian national schools were established during this period under Thakur Pyarelal's supervision, including the Madhyamik School in Rajnandgaon. His father, Mr. Dindayal Singh was Deputy Inspector of Schools for Rajnandgaon, Kawardha, and Chuikhadan. In 1923, the Flag Satyagrah Movement was announced by Congress, and Thakur Pyarelal led this movement in various regions of Chhattisgarh (formerly known as Madhya Pradesh). Innumerable satyagrahis from all over the state joined him in generating public awareness. In 1924, a second mill workers' strike in Rajnandgaon led by Thakur Pyarelal Singh saw violent demonstrations against the British Government resulting in further concessions to the workers.
Thakur Pyarelal Singh | Role in freedom struggle
Kumaranand organised a trade union of textile mill workers in 1931, the Mill Mazdoor Sabha, with workers from three mills. This union was short-lived, as it met stern resistance from mill owners. In 1936 Kumaranand founded the Textile Labour Union. This union also failed to make any major impact. At the Indian National Congress session of 1939, Kumaranand supported the candidature of Subhas Chandra Bose. Kumarand was arrested in 1943, following civil disobedience actions. Following his release from prison, he joined the Communist Party of India in 1945. In the same year, he became the founding president of the Central India and Rajputana Trade Union Congress.
Swami Kumaranand | Labour and communist leader
The NDA Government lost power to the Congress-led United Progressive Alliance (UPA) in the 2004 general elections. Later, political observers alleged that Fernandes was locked in a bitter party rivalry with his one-time friend, Samata Party co-founder, Nitish Kumar. In the 2009 general elections, he contested from Muzaffarpur as an independent candidate after being denied a ticket by the Janata Dal (United) on health grounds, but he lost the election. On 30 July 2009, Fernandes filed his nomination as an independent candidate for the mid-term poll being held for the Rajya Sabha seat vacated by Janata Dal (United) president Sharad Yadav.
George Fernandes | After the defence ministership
Dr. Oscar Fernandes (born 27 March 1941) is an Indian politician, a senior Indian National Congress leader and was the Union Cabinet Minister for Transport, Road and Highways and Labour and Employment, Government Of India in UPA government. He is one of the closest confidants of the present Congress President Rahul Gandhi and one of the major leaders in the taking of important decisions of Congress Party. He is also the Chairman of Central Election Authority of the All India Congress Committee. He was previously the AICC General Secretary, the Minister of State (Independent charge) of the Ministry of Labour and Employment in Dr.
Oscar Fernandes | Introduction
Manohar Parrikar chaired the first meeting of his third Ministry on 17 March 2017. The third Manohar Parrikar Ministry consists of Cabinet Ministers drawn from the Bharatiya Janata Party, Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party, Goa Forward Party and also an Independent.
Third Manohar Parrikar Ministry | Introduction
Deben Sen was a very effective trade union organiser, spreading his activities in Calcutta of the mid-thirties across railways, tramways and electric supply organisations. In 1937, he organized a historic jute industry strike. In 1956, he led a strike of 56,000 workers in Asansol for 27 days. He visited many countries in connection with trade union work and was leader of the Indian delegation to the London Trade Union Conference in 1948.
Deben Sen | Trade Union activities
After the 1996 elections, Janata Dal, Samajwadi Party, Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, Telugu Desam Party, Asom Gana Parishad, All India Indira Congress (Tiwari), Left Front (4 parties), Tamil Maanila Congress, National Conference, and Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party formed a 13 party United Front (UF). The coalition formed two governments in India between 1996 and 1998. The Prime Minister was first from Janata Dal - H. D. Deve Gowda, then later succeeded by I. K. Gujral, after Jyoti Basu, N. Chandrababu Naidu and V. P. Singh declined to become the Prime Minister. Both governments were supported from outside by the Indian National Congress under Sitaram Kesri.
Third Front (India) | United Front (1996–1998)
Dinkar Mehta took part in mobilizing mill workers to join the strike. After the hartal and strike, Mehta and party leaders were arrested. In their absence the Dange loyalists constituted themselves as the new Gujarat State Secretariat of the party. The Dange-led party headquarters immediately recognized the new State Secretariat.
1964 split in the Communist Party of India | Gujarat
He also led strikes at the Times and the Galle Face Hotel which strikes too were not successful. Though the strikers failed, trade unionism gained ground in Ceylon at unprecedented levels. The unsuccessful strike at Lake House in 1929 where Indian workers were brought in to diminish the strike, marked the decline of his power as a trade union leader. The Marxists, thereafter took over the trade union movement, and holds it hitherto. During Colonial period in which Ceylon was ruled by the British Empire, Gunasinha was brave and courageous to meet any eventuality to fight for the rights of the workers, and due to his daring qualities, he was known among Workers as the ""Maha Kalu Sinhaya"".
A. Ekanayake Gunasinha | Galle Face Hotel and Lake House strikes
S.V. Deshpande was a freedom fighter and General Secretary of the Communist Party of India in 1931 to 1933 when others were in Meerut jail. And he was the president of AITUC.
S.V. Deshpande | Introduction
Sir Nowroji Saklatwala, (also spelt Saklatvala; 10 September 1875 – 21 July 1938) was an Indian businessman who was the third chairman of the Tata Group from 1932 till his sudden death in 1938. He was born in Bombay into a Parsi family, the son of Bapuji Saklatwala and Virbaiji Tata. His maternal uncle was Jamsetji Tata, founder of the Tata Group. He completed his studies at St. Xavier College, joined the Tata Group in 1899 as a clerk in Svadeshi Mills in Bombay. Within twenty years, he rose to be the head of the firm. He worked closely with Dorabji Tata, the second chairman.
Nowroji Saklatwala | Introduction
The Secretary of Labor, and the company under which the workers operated, refused to accept Vallejo to the position. The Ministry of Interior demanded the previous leaders be reinstated, effectively overruling the convention vote. In defiance of the ruling, the workers called for a strike on July 31, 1958. The strike lasted 2 hours and was supported by the Electrical Workers Union (SME) and members of the teachers union. The government responded to the strikes, on August 3, 1958, police were sent in to seize the Railroad Workers' union halls and arrest dissident members. The government followed the raids with a proposal to the workers, a bonus and raise if they would return to work.
Demetrio Vallejo | Foundation
Mr. Gunasinha led a series of successful strikes, and the first General Strike occurred in February 1923, when the Government Railway struck, and was joined by numerous other Unions. In total 25,000 workers were supplied with free meals for 56 days. The Strike was a great success, and a Commission appointed by the British Governor Sir William Henry Manning, recommended a 20% increase in Salaries and Casual & Sick leave grants. But the government was hard on the strikers and severe punishments were imposed on them upon returning to work. That resulted in nearly 25,000 workers in the Colombo Harbour, Colombo Municipality, Wellawatte Spinning & Weaving Mills, Government Factory and several government departments coming out on strike.
A. Ekanayake Gunasinha | Government Railway strike (1923)
On 4 February 1969, Judge Henry Rolph of San Francisco Superior Court ordered the San Francisco State AFT local to end the strike. Nathan Hare and George Mason Murray were both not rehired for the second year and strikes continued.
Third World Liberation Front | February
The strike which continued for nearly five weeks ended eventually, with the workers trekking back to work.
A. Ekanayake Gunasinha | Government Railway strike (1923)
He subsequently held the portfolio of Union Minister for Food and Agriculture in Mr Nehru's cabinet from December 1954 to August 1959. He became President of the U.P. Congress Committee in May 1961. When Rafi Ahmed Kidwai formed the All India Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party owing to ideological differences with the then Congress president Purushottam Das Tandon, Jain handed in his resignation to Nehru in solidarity with Kidwai. Nehru however turned it down. He succeeded V V Giri as the third governor of Kerala serving from 2 April 1965 to 6 February 1966 during which time the state remained under President's rule.
Ajit Prasad Jain | Political career
Later, when the Madras Provincial Congress Socialist Party was formed in 1937, Jeevanandham became its first secretary. He joined the Communist Party of India (CPI) two years later along with P. Ramamurthi, another veteran of the movement.
P. Jeevanandham | Gandhian and Congress Worker
Ministers in the Madras government and ruling party members supported the strike. On 29 August 1921, the police opened fire and killed six of the workers on the spot. Top Justice Party leaders like O. Thanikachalam Chetti severely censured the police for the measures they adopted. The main reason was that the police was under the control of the governor and the government was looking for an opportunity to harass the executive. Another probable reason was that the striking workers had the caste sympathies of the Justice Party government whose ministers and chief whips were caste Hindus like themselves. The Justice Party leaders were extremely vociferous in their attacks on Paraiyars and the Labour Department.
Panaganti Ramarayaningar | B & C Mills strike of 1921
The party whip Ron Barclay heard that Arthur Faulkner who was known to be indecisive expected to become deputy on the first ballot. He persuaded Warren Freer (who did not want the job) to stand and split the vote so that Faulkner would be defeated by Bob Tizard or Colin Moyle; either being preferable to Faulkner. So there were five candidates, including Joe Walding who dropped out first. Then Moyle and Freer were eliminated on the second and third ballots, and on the fourth ballot Tizard won by 28 votes to 26, as one of Faulkner's supporters failed to keep their promise.
Third Labour Government of New Zealand | Leadership
Both Charan Singh and Jagjivan Ram were accorded the title of deputy prime minister. Charan Singh became the Minister of Home Affairs, the second-most important position in the Council of Ministers, while Jagjivan Ram took charge of the Ministry of Defence. BJS leaders Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Lal Krishna Advani were respectively given charge of the Ministry of External Affairs and the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. Raj Narain was appointed Minister of Health, Madhu Dandavate was to head the Ministry of Railways and trade unionist George Fernandes was made the Minister of Communications. Jurist Shanti Bhushan was appointed Minister of Law and Justice.
Janata Party | Government formation
In 1989 and 1991, he shifted back to Bihar and won both times from Muzaffarpur as Janata Dal candidate. In 1994, he left Janata Dal after differences with Lalu Yadav and formed Samata Party which allied with BJP. In 1996 and 1998 elections, he won from Nalanda as Samata Party candidate. Samata Party merged with Janata Dal (United) and he won again from Nalanda in 1999. In 2004 he won from Muzaffarpur. In 2009 he was denied ticket by his party, contested from Muzaffarpur as an independent and lost. Later he was elected to Rajya Sabha in 2009. In the 2010s he was afflicted for many years with Alzheimer's and died in January 2019.
George Fernandes | Brief history of participating in elections
The Madurai Party Congress elected a 39-member Central Committee. G. Adhikari defeated the official candidate Hajra Begum for a seat in the Central Committee.
1964 split in the Communist Party of India | Third Party Congress: Madurai
Dinkarrao Javalkar (, born - 1898, died - 1932 ) was a social activist and a leader of non-brahmin movement in Maharashtra. He, along with Keshavrao Jedhe, first emerged as a young leader of non-brahmin movement in Pune, and later gained state-wide reputation for his scathing critic of Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Vishnushastri Chiplunkar in his book "Deshache Dushman (Enemies of the Country)." Started as a principled follower of Mahatma Phule, he further turned more towards communism and worked to bring communist principles together with teachings of Satyashodhak Samaj.
Dinkarrao Javalkar | Introduction
At that time, George Fernandes, chairman of the Socialist Party of India, who had faced prosecution for conspiracy against the government of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, sought to obtain funding from the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency and the French government in order to organize underground sabotage activities. After an initial request to seek funding from the French government was turned down, U.S. diplomatic cables showed that he was "prepared to accept money from the CIA". After the Emergency, the Socialist Party joined with a number of other groups to form the Bharatiya Lok Dal, which fused in 1977 into Janata Party as an omnibus opposition to Congress Party rule.
Socialist Party (India) | Praja Socialist Party
Madhu Dandavate (21 January 1924 – 12 November 2005) was an Indian physicist and socialist politician, who served as Minister of Railways in the Morarji Desai ministry, and as Minister of Finance in the V P Singh ministry. Born in Ahmednagar, Bombay Presidency, Dandavate studied and was employed as a physicist in Bombay, before participating in the Quit India Movement in 1942. After independence, he served as a Member of Parliament from Rajapur in Maharashtra from 1971 to 1991. As an opposition politician, Dandavate was jailed during the Emergency. Serving as Railway Minister from 1977 to 1979, he initiated a number of improvements, most notably providing more comfortable cushioned seats to second-class passengers, a measure that "helped hundreds of millions of people".
Madhu Dandavate | Introduction
The 1928 South Indian railway strike was a general strike by the South Indian Railway Workers Union against plans of the South Indian Railway Company to lay off over 3,100 workers in order to reduce the expenditures of the company. The strike lasted from 29 June – 2 August 1928, and severely affected the transportation of people and goods across South India. The Madras government and the South Indian Railway Company responded with a crackdown. Most of the leaders of the strike were arrested and recognition to the union was withdrawn.The Government of Madras recorded it as the "most important event of the year".
1928 South Indian railway strike | Introduction
In 1935, he became a member of the Communist Party of India. As of 1936, the CPI placed him in charge of leading the party in Gujarat. He served as joint secretary of the Congress Socialist Party between 1936 and 1938. He was suspended from the CSP membership in 1938 for disobeying its general secretary's instructions. He organised trade unions and other mass organizations. He spent the years of 1940–1942 underground. Mehta was arrested in 1948, but managed to escape from jail the following year. He would remain underground until 1951. Mehta stood as the CPI candidate in the Ahmedabad III constituency in the 1952 Bombay Legislative Assembly election, standing against Congress candidate Indumati Chimanlal.
Dinkar Mehta | In the Communist Party
Thondaman has been the dominant trade union leader of the Indian Tamil workers for nearly four decades. As president of the Ceylon Indian Congress, he contested the Nuwara Eliya seat at the 1947 general election and won. His party put forward eight candidates in the plantation electorates and seven of them were returned, they were Thondaman, S. M. Subbaiah (Badulla), G. R. Motha (Maskeliya), K. Rajalingam (Nawalapitiya), K. Kumaravelu (Kotagala), C. V. Velupillai (Talawakelle) and D. Ramanujam (Alutnuwara).
Ceylon Workers' Congress | History
He became the Secretary of CSP in Tamil Nadu and was a member of the All India Congress Committee. In 1936 he began organising trade unions. Ramamurti was elected to the Madras Legislative Assembly in 1952 from the Madurai North Constituency. At the time he was in jail. In total P. Ramamurti spent eight years in jail and five years underground. Ramamurti was affectionately referred to as PR within the party and the larger Indian Left. He was the first Leader of the Opposition of the Madras State in 1952 in a House of 375. This was before the First States Re-organisation in 1956, which led to the creation of Tamil Nadu and Kerala.
P. Ramamurthi | Introduction
However the Congress party, which formed the coalition government at the centre after the elections, had majority in the Lok Sabha with the support of the Communist parties. As a result, Yadav could not play any significant role at the centre, Yadav resigned from the Lok Sabha and chose to continue as chief minister of Uttar Pradesh until the 2007 elections, when he lost to the BSP.
Mulayam Singh Yadav | Third term
H. V. Sheshadri (हो वे शेषाद्रि , 1926 - 2005) was an Indian author and social activist. He was one of the most significant leaders of the Hindu nationalist Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh. He joined RSS in 1946 and rose through the ranks. Like most RSS pracharak-s, he was a lifelong bachelor. He was present in Ayodhya when Babri Masjid was demolished on 6 December 1992, and made repeated appeals through the public speaking system that the agitated activists should leave the place. During Rajju Bhaiya's reign as the RSS Chief, from 1994 to 2000, Seshadri was the second in command, called Sar-kaaryawaaha.
H. V. Sheshadri | Introduction
T. K. Rangarajan (born 30 September 1941) is an Indian communist politician and trade unionist. He is a Central Committee member of the Communist Party of India (Marxist), Tamil Nadu State Executive Committee member of CPI(M), All India Vice-president of the Centre of Indian Trade Unions. He is a member of Rajya sabha from Tamil Nadu for two terms. He is the Leader of the Parliamentary group of CPI(M) in Rajya Sabha, since the retirement of Sitaram Yechury, the General Secretory of the party, from the Rajya Sabha.
T. K. Rangarajan | Introduction
The chief reason for the collapse was the demand by the duo and other left-leaning members, like Madhu Limaye, Krishan Kant, and George Fernandes that no member of the Janata party could simultaneously be a member of an alternative social or political organisation. This attack on "dual membership" was directed specifically at members of the Janata party who had been members of the Jan Sangh, and continued to be members of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, the Jan Sangh's ideological parent.
Morarji Desai | Intra-party squabbles and collapse of Janata government
The strike was brutally suppressed by the government. When about 5000 striking workers in Mayavaram lay on the tracks blocking trains, the police arrested nine workers and stopped the train. Five were killed by the police in Mayavaram in response to an incident of stone throwing and a shepherd named Kone was bayoneted during another stone throwing incident in Tuticorin. Six were killed and twenty-two wounded during a third incident in Viluppuram. A public meeting called by the Madras District Congress Committee in Madras city was prohibited. Singaravelu Chetty and Mukundlal Sircar were arrested on 23 July 1928. D. K.
1928 South Indian railway strike | End of the strike
Sharma was a Railway Union Leader. Because of his career as a trade union leader, he was invited by Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of independent India, to run for the Parliamentary elections from the constituency of Buxar, Bihar. He ran and won in 1962 and again in 1971. In 1966, he became the President of Bihar Pradesh Congress Committee (PCC). In 1974, he was made the Minister of State for Industry, Government of India, under the Prime Ministership of Indira Gandhi. Thereafter, he went on to become the Union Minister for Ministries including Communications, Surface Transport, Shipping and Civil Aviation in Government of India.
Anant Sharma | Career
Samant demanded that along with wage hikes, the government should scrap the Bombay Industrial Act, 1947 and de-recognize the RMMS as the only official union of the city industry. While fighting for greater pay and better conditions for workers, Samant and his allies also sought to capitalise and establish their power on the trade union scene in Mumbai. Although Samant had links with the Congress, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi considered him a serious political threat. Samant's control of the mill workers made Gandhi and other Congress leaders fear that his influence would spread to the port and dock workers and make him the most powerful union leader in India's commercial capital.
Dutta Samant | 1982 strike
In 1934, the Congress ended its boycott of the legislatures and put up candidates, and Pant was elected to the Central Legislative Assembly. He became deputy leader of the Congress party in the Assembly. In 1940, Pant was arrested and imprisoned for helping organise the Satyagraha movement. In 1942 he was arrested again, this time for signing the Quit India resolution, and spent three years in Ahmednagar Fort along with other members of the Congress working committee until March 1945, at which point Jawaharlal Nehru pleaded successfully for Pant's release, on grounds of failing health.
Govind Ballabh Pant | In the freedom struggle