Croatia (, ; , ), officially the Republic of Croatia (, ), is a country at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe on the Adriatic Sea. It borders Slovenia to the northwest, Hungary to the northeast, Serbia to the east, and Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro to the southeast, and it shares a maritime border with Italy. Its capital, Zagreb, forms one of the country's primary subdivisions, along with twenty counties. Croatia has an area of and a population of 4.07 million, most of whom are Catholics. The Croats arrived in the area in the 6th century and organised the territory into two duchies by the 9th century.
Introduction
Croatia
Croatia | Introduction
Zagreb Zagreb Zagreb Zagreb
which cities in croatia are famous for their protective walls and forts
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Dubrovnik
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in which country is this state located in ?
user
Sorry. I cannot find the answer based on the context.
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which country is this city located in ?
user
Croatia
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how is the weather in this country ?
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Moderately warm and rainy continental climate
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what is the capital of the country ?
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Most of Croatia has a moderately warm and rainy continental climate as defined by the Köppen climate classification. Mean monthly temperature ranges between in January and in July. The coldest parts of the country are Lika and Gorski Kotar where snowy forested climate is found at elevations above . The warmest areas of Croatia are at the Adriatic coast and especially in its immediate hinterland characterised by the Mediterranean climate, as the temperature highs are moderated by the sea. Consequently, temperature peaks are more pronounced in the continental areas. The lowest temperature of was recorded on 3 February 1919 in Čakovec, and the highest temperature of was recorded on 4 August 1981 in Ploče.
Croatia | Climate
Croatia proper has a moderately warm and rainy continental climate (Dfb) as defined by the Köppen climate classification. Mean monthly temperatures range between (in January) and (in July). Temperature peaks are pronounced in the region compared to parts of Croatia closer to the Adriatic Sea, because of the absence of its moderating effect. The lowest temperature of was recorded on 3 February 1919 in Čakovec, and the highest temperature of was recorded on 5 July 1950 in Karlovac. Gorski Kotar and Lika represent the coldest parts of Croatia as mean annual temperature there ranges between at lower elevations and at greater elevations.
Croatia proper | Hydrology and climate
The sunniest parts of the country are the outer islands, Hvar and Korčula, where more than 2700 hours of sunshine are recorded per year, followed by the middle and southern Adriatic Sea area in general, and northern Adriatic coast, all with more than 2000 hours of sunshine per year.
Croatia | Climate
Most of Croatia has a moderately warm and rainy oceanic climate (Cfb) as defined by the Köppen climate classification. Mean monthly temperatures range between (in January) and (in July). The coldest parts of the country are Lika and Gorski Kotar where a snowy forested climate is found at elevations above . The warmest areas of Croatia are at the Adriatic coast and especially in its immediate hinterland, which are characterised by a Mediterranean climate since temperatures are moderated by the sea. Consequently, temperature peaks are more pronounced in the continental areas: the lowest temperature of was recorded on 4 February 1929 in Gospić, and the highest temperature of was recorded on 5 August 1981 in Ploče.
Geography of Croatia | Climate
The sunniest parts of the country are the outer islands, Hvar and Korčula, where more than 2,700 hours of sunshine are recorded per year, followed by the southern Adriatic Sea area in general, northern Adriatic coast, and Slavonia, all with more than 2,000 hours of sunshine per year.
Geography of Croatia | Climate
The office is located in the Presidential Palace in the Pantovčak area of Zagreb. The Constitution of Croatia defines the appearance and use of the presidential standard, which is flown on the buildings of the Office of the President, the residence of the president, any vehicles in use by the president, and in other ceremonial occasions.
President of Croatia | Introduction
Continental Croatia is one of the two NUTS-2 Regions of Croatia. The region forms the continental part of the country. The most populated cities in the region are Zagreb, Osijek, Slavonski Brod, Karlovac, Sisak and Varaždin. It accounts for 56% of the country's territory and 67% of the population.
Continental Croatia | Introduction
Croatia (, ; , ), officially the Republic of Croatia (, ), is a country at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe on the Adriatic Sea. It borders Slovenia to the northwest, Hungary to the northeast, Serbia to the east, and Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro to the southeast, and it shares a maritime border with Italy. Its capital, Zagreb, forms one of the country's primary subdivisions, along with twenty counties. Croatia has an area of and a population of 4.07 million, most of whom are Catholics. The Croats arrived in the area in the 6th century and organised the territory into two duchies by the 9th century.
Croatia | Introduction
With 840 mm of precipitation per year, Zagreb is Europe's 9th wettest capital, receiving less precipitation than Luxembourg but more than Brussels, Paris and London. Autumn in its early stage often brings pleasant and sunny weather with occasional episodes of rain later in the season. Late autumn is characterised by an increase in rainy days as well as by steadily falling temperature averages. Morning fog is common from mid-October to January, with northern city districts at the foothills of the Medvednica mountain as well as the districts along the Sava river being more prone to all-day fog accumulation. Winters are relatively cold with a precipitation decrease pattern.
Zagreb | Climate
In Spring and Autumn maximum temperatures are typically between and . Winters are among the mildest of any Croatian city, with daytime temperatures around in the coldest months. Snow in Dubrovnik is very rare.
Dubrovnik | Climate
There are 2620 sunshine hours annually (1961–1990 average). Annual precipitation level of is the lowest of all Croatia. Maritime winds temper air temperatures compared with the mainland, with average summer daily highs of ; on the other extreme, winter average daily lows are .
Palagruža | Climate
The Presidential Palace (, also referred to by the metonym "Pantovčak") in Zagreb is the official workplace of the President of Croatia since late 1991. However, the president does not reside in the building and it is instead used to house the Office of the President, while the president continues to reside in his or her private residence during the duration of their term of office. Even so, welcoming ceremonies for visiting foreign dignitaries, state functions commemorating national holidays and consultations with leaders of parliamentary parties during post-election government formation processes, among others, are all usually held at the palace.
Presidential Palace, Zagreb | Introduction
Croatia proper () is one of the four historical regions of the Republic of Croatia, together with Dalmatia, Slavonia, and Istria. It is located between Slavonia in the east, the Adriatic Sea in the west, and Dalmatia to the south. The region is not officially defined, and its borders and extent are described differently by various sources. In contemporary geography, the terms Central Croatia () and Mountainous Croatia () are used to describe this area. Croatia proper is the most significant economic area of the country, contributing well over 50% of Croatia's gross domestic product. The capital of the Republic of Croatia, Zagreb, is the largest city and most important economic centre in Croatia proper.
Croatia proper | Introduction
Zagreb is the capital and largest city in Croatia. Zagreb may also refer to:
Zagreb (disambiguation) | Introduction
Croatia is a Mediterranean country, lying to the east of Italy, across the Adriatic Sea. Towards the north lie the Alps, and to the north-east the country forms the western end of the great Pannonian Plain. The interior of Croatia has a continental climate, with cold winters, and hot summers with enough rain to make it a major agricultural area. Winegrowing is concentrated in the hilly areas bordering on the Pannonian Plain. The Dalmatian Coast is typically Mediterranean in climate, though the Dinaric Alps mountain range creates pockets of alpine climate at higher altitudes. The coastline of the Adriatic Sea is ideal for grape cultivation with its hot, humid summers and mild winters.
Croatian wine | Geography and climate
Situated on the western coast of Istria and cooled by sea breezes, the local climate is relatively mild and free of oppressive summer heat. The month of July is the hottest, with a maximum air temperature of 30°C in conditions of low humidity, while January is the coldest with an average of . There are more than 2,400 hours of sun a year, an average of more than 10 hours of sunshine during the summer days. Sea temperatures can reach , higher than one might expect compared to the coast of southern Croatia where the air temperatures are higher. The average annual rainfall of is more or less equally distributed throughout the year, although July and August are very dry.
Poreč | Climate
The Presidential Palace (, also referred to by the metonym "Pantovčak") in Zagreb is the official workplace of the president. The president does not actually live in the building, as it is used as the Office of the President of Croatia rather than as a residence. The structure covers . It had been used as the official residence since then-president Franjo Tuđman moved there following the October 1991 bombing of Banski dvori. In addition to the original building, there is also an annex built in 1993, an ancillary structure housing office security services and a bomb shelter predating the 1990s.
President of Croatia | Presidential Palace
Lika and Gorski Kotar are part of the Dinaric Alps, and contain five out of eight mountains in Croatia higher than . Karst topography predominates in that area, resulting in specific landforms and hydrology because of the interaction of the karst and the region's watercourses—this is exemplified by the Plitvice Lakes. Most of the region has a moderately warm and rainy continental climate, although there is considerable seasonal snow at greater elevations. The region belongs almost exclusively to the Black Sea drainage basin and includes most of the large rivers flowing in Croatia. The boundaries of Croatia proper were shaped by territorial losses of medieval Croatia to the Republic of Venice and the Ottoman conquest starting in the 15th century.
Croatia proper | Introduction
The capital city of Zagreb has the status equal to županija (county), whereas all other cities and municipalities are under a county jurisdiction. Historically, Croatian cities became independent by being named a "royal free city".
Independent city | Croatia
Mean annual precipitation ranges between and depending on geographic region and prevailing climate type. The least precipitation is recorded in the outer islands (Biševo, Lastovo, Svetac, Vis) and in the eastern parts of Slavonia. However, in the latter case, it occurs mostly during the growing season. The maximum precipitation levels are observed on the Dinara mountain range and in Gorski kotar. Prevailing winds in the interior are light to moderate northeast or southwest, and in the coastal area, prevailing winds are determined by local area features. Higher wind velocities are more often recorded in cooler months along the coast, generally as the cool northeasterly bura or less frequently as the warm southerly jugo.
Croatia | Climate
The climate of the region is temperate continental, with mild and warm summers, refreshed by the wind coming down the Balkan Mountain, and snowy winters. The average January temperature is (with an absolute minimum of ). The average July temperature is (with an absolute maximum of ). Average total annual rainfall is , being highest in the summer , and lowest in the winter .
Karlovo | Climate
The mean annual precipitation is depending on the geographic region and prevailing climate type. The least precipitation is recorded in the outer islands (Vis, Lastovo, Biševo, and Svetac) and in the eastern parts of Slavonia; however, in the latter case it is mostly during the growing season. The most precipitation is observed on the Dinara mountain range and in Gorski Kotar, where some of the highest annual precipitation totals in Europe occur. The prevailing winds in the interior are light to moderate northeast or southwest; in the coastal area, the prevailing winds are determined by local area features. Higher wind velocities are more often recorded in cooler months along the coast, generally as cool northeasterly buras or, less frequently, as warm southerly jugos.
Geography of Croatia | Climate
It is the 127th largest country in the world. Elevation ranges from the mountains of the Dinaric Alps with the highest point of the Dinara peak at near the border with Bosnia and Herzegovina in the south to the shore of the Adriatic Sea which makes up its entire southwest border. Insular Croatia consists of over a thousand islands and islets varying in size, 48 of which are permanently inhabited. The largest islands are Cres and Krk, each of them having an area of around . The hilly northern parts of Hrvatsko Zagorje and the flat plains of Slavonia in the east which is part of the Pannonian Basin are traversed by major rivers such as Danube, Drava, Kupa, and Sava.
Croatia | Geography
Regions of Croatia
Outline of Croatia | Regions of Croatia
With around 2600 hours of sunshine a year, the island of Lošinj is a tourist destination for Slovenians, Italians, and Germans in the summer months. Average air humidity is 70%, and the average summer temperature is and during the winter. The interior regions Gorski kotar, Velebit and Lika have mountain peaks, forests and fields, many animal species including bears, and the national parks of Risnjak and Plitvice Lakes. The Plitvice Lakes National Park lies in the Plitvice plateau which is surrounded by three mountains part of the Dinaric Alps: Plješevica mountain (Gornja Plješevica peak 1,640 m), Mala Kapela mountain (Seliški Vrh peak at 1,280 m), and Medveđak (884 m).
Tourism in Croatia | Kvarner and Highlands
Although Risnjak is of only a modest altitude, it is nevertheless a very significant climatic and vegetational barrier between coastal and continental parts of Croatia. Adriatic and continental weather patterns collide here and play a significant role in determining the park's climate. It has pleasantly warm summers and an average temperature of up to 22 °C; springs and autumns are rainy, and the winter is long and snowy. The average year-round temperature at the Risnjak mountain lodge is 2.5 °C with an annual rainfall of 3600 mm, which is amongst the highest in the country, and an average snow depth of between 122 and 448 cm.
Risnjak National Park | Climate
Areas of the Croatian Littoral further away from the coast enjoy a moderately warm and rainy oceanic climate (Cfb), similar to the continental climate of most inland regions of Croatia. The mean monthly temperature varies throughout the region. On the mainland coast it ranges between (in January) and (in July). On the Kvarner Gulf islands the mean monthly temperature is somewhat higher; it ranges from (in January) to (in July), while at higher elevations, in the mountains found along the northern and eastern peripheral areas of the region, temperatures range between (in January) and (in July). The lowest air temperature recorded in the region, , was measured in Senj, on 10 February 1956.
Croatian Littoral | Hydrology and climate
The climate of Zagreb is classified as an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification "Cfb"), but with significant continental influences and very closely bordering on a humid continental climate ("Dfb") as well as a humid subtropical climate (Cfa). Zagreb has four separate seasons. Summers are generally warm, sometimes hot. In late May it gets significantly warmer, temperatures start rising and it is often very warm or even hot with frequent afternoon and evening thunderstorms. Heatwaves can occur but are short-lived. Temperatures rise above on an average 14.6 days each summer. Rainfall is abundant in the summertime and it continues to be in autumn as well.
Zagreb | Climate
Furthermore, it has become somewhat customary for the outgoing president and the president-elect to hold a bilateral meeting and a joint press conference in the palace on the former's last day in office, before his or her final departure from the palace grounds and the beginning of the latter's term of office at midnight. The structure covers and in the 2009 government budget, it was allocated 54 million kuna ( 7.3 million euro). As of May 2008, the office employed 170 staff with the maximum staffing level set at 191 by the Regulation on Internal Organisation of the Office of the President of Croatia.
Presidential Palace, Zagreb | Introduction
The islands of Lošinj, Cres, Krk, and Rab receive the most sunshine during the year—with 217 clear days per year on average. Seawater temperatures reach up to in summer, while dipping to in spring and autumn and as low as in winter. The predominant winter winds are the bora and jugo. The bora is significantly conditioned by wind gaps in the Dinaric Alps bringing cold and dry continental air—the point where it reaches its peak speed is at Senj, with gusts of up to . The jugo brings humid and warm air, often carrying Saharan sand that causes rain dust.
Croatian Littoral | Hydrology and climate
Today, chief occupations are farming, leather (footwear), textiles plant, printing, and wood processing mill. Fishing and hunting are very important tourist attractions in the city with some of the best natural habitats found in this part of Europe. Hrvatska Kostajnica is underdeveloped municipality which is statistically classified as the First Category Area of Special State Concern by the Government of Croatia.
Hrvatska Kostajnica | Economy
A temperature of was recorded on the since defunct Borongaj Airfield in February 1940.
Zagreb | Climate
The President of the Republic () is the head of state; he or she is directly elected and serves a five-year term. The president is the commander in chief of the armed forces, has the procedural duty of appointing the prime minister with the consent of the Sabor (Parliament) through a majority vote (majority of all MPs), and has some influence on foreign policy. The most recent presidential election was held on 11 January 2015 and was won by Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović. She took the oath of office on 15 February 2015. The constitution limits holders of the presidential office to a maximum of two terms and prevents the president from being a member of any political party.
Politics of Croatia | Executive
The capital city of Zagreb may be attributed the status of a county by law.
Constitution of Croatia | Local and regional self-government
Croatia is divided into 20 counties and the capital city of Zagreb, the latter having the authority and legal status of a county and a city at the same time. The counties subdivide into 127 cities and 429 municipalities.
Local government | Croatia
Gorski Kotar mountain peaks of Risnjak and Snježnik receive the greatest precipitation in Croatia— per year. Overall, the region has no arid periods of the year. Gorski Kotar also receives the least sunlight—1,700 hours per year on average.
Croatia proper | Hydrology and climate
On 22 March, Zagreb, the capital of Croatia, was hit by the strongest earthquake in 140 years, causing problems in enforcement of social distancing measures set out by the Government, as the country engaged in a period of lockdown in the spring of 2020. On 5 July, a parliamentary election was held in the country, and in general the country was mostly reopened during the 2020 summer tourist season.
COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia | Introduction
In addition to being the commander in chief of the armed forces, the president has the procedural duty of appointing the prime minister with the consent of the parliament, and has some influence on foreign policy. The most recent presidential elections were held on 5 January 2020, when Zoran Milanović became the new president. He took the oath of office on 19 February 2015. The Government is headed by the Prime Minister, who has four deputy prime ministers and 16 ministers in charge of particular sectors of activity. As the executive branch, it is responsible for proposing legislation and a budget, executing the laws, and guiding the foreign and internal policies of the republic.
Croatia | Politics
Rovinj is one of nine settlements officially designated as towns in Istria County in western Croatia. It has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: "Cfa"), with an average temperature of in January and in July. The average annual temperature is . The sea temperature is more than from the mid-June to September. The average annual sea temperature is . From May to September Rovinj receives more than 10 sunshine hours a day. The rainfall averages a year and average air humidity is 72 percent. Originally the peninsula on which the city lies was an island, separated from the mainland by a channel.
Rovinj | Climate
The majors cities and towns are:
Capital Country | Introduction
The landmarks include the Zagreb Cathedral, founded in 1093 and rebuilt numerous times since, the last major reconstruction being after the 1880 earthquake. The cathedral is the tallest structure in Croatia. Zagreb is the most significant centre of scientific work and education in the region and the entire country. It is the site of the University of Zagreb—the oldest place of higher education in Croatia and Southeast Europe, operating continuously since 1669. It is also home to the Ruđer Bošković Institute—the leading Croatia's scientific research institute—and to the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts.
Croatia proper | Culture
After the collapse of Yugoslavia, local government system in Croatia was significantly changed and today Croatian Podunavlje in widest sense can be described as a region that is overlapping with the territory of Vukovar-Syrmia and Osijek-Baranja counties. In this sense region include the gravitation regions of towns of Našice and Županja and is significantly bigger and cover the area of 6.597 kilometres or 11,7% of territory of Croatia with 348 settlements and 598.434 inhabitants in 1991 (12,5% of total population of Croatia at that time). Climate in the region can be described as Continental climate with warm and hot summers and cold winters.
Podunavlje | Geography and demographics
Geography of Croatia
Outline of Croatia | Introduction
A climate protest attended by thousands of youth held at the European Square in Crotia's capital city of Zagreb, where protesters shouted "Time is now" and "Eco, not ego," while heading towards the city St. Mark's Square (Markov Square).
September 2019 climate strikes | Croatia
In the following decade, during the succession crisis, the city was the permanent residence of a local lord Petar Svačić, who contested the crown of Croatia until his defeat by king Coloman of Hungary in 1096. At that point, it came into possession of the Hungarian Arpad dynasty, and since then, it ceased to be a permanent royal residence but remained as a political and administrative center of the kingdom. The parish church dedicated to king Saint Stephen is thought to have been built during this period. In 1178, it is for the first time mentioned as "civitates" (city) in a contemporary local source.
Knin | Middle Ages
All survived the attack. On the following day, the Croatian Parliament declared independence of Croatia from Yugoslavia. In 1992, the President moved its residence to the Presidential Palace.
Banski dvori | Introduction
The closest cities include Varaždin, Koprivnica and Bjelovar in Croatia, Lendava, Murska Sobota and Maribor in Slovenia, as well as Nagykanizsa in Hungary and Graz in Austria. The Croatian capital of Zagreb is about 90 kilometers south-west of Čakovec. There are slopes of the Alpine foothills in the north-western part of the county, the Upper Međimurje, making it suitable for vineyards. The south-eastern part of the county, the Lower Međimurje, touches the flat Pannonian Plain. The flat parts of the region are also largely used for agriculture, which mostly includes fields of cereals, maize and potato, as well as orchards, which are mostly planted with apple trees.
Međimurje County | Introduction
He became chief editor of the affiliated paper. Meanwhile, the political climate in the South Slav state roughened due to the assassination of Stjepan Radić, the leader of the Croatian Peasant Party. King Alexander suspended the constitution and dissolved the parliament.
Branimir Jelić | Political activities in Croatia
The office is headed by a chief of staff (), who is appointed by the president. The presidents declare bylaws regulating composition of the office. The office employs advisors to the president and comprises eight departments, four councils, presidential pardon commission and two decorations and awards commissions.
President of Croatia | Office of the President
Insolation exceeds Zagreb's by about 100 hours annually. This difference manifests itself during the colder period of the year, from October to March, when more fog occurs in Zagreb.
Medvednica | Temperature
The karst field or polje is a common feature of the landscape. On the Adriatic and Aegean coasts the climate is Mediterranean, on the Black Sea coast the climate is humid subtropical and oceanic, and inland it is humid continental. In the northern part of the peninsula and on the mountains, winters are frosty and snowy, while summers are hot and dry. In the southern part winters are milder. The humid continental climate is predominant in Bosnia and Herzegovina, northern Croatia, Bulgaria, Kosovo, northern Montenegro, the Republic of North Macedonia, the interior of Albania and Serbia, while the other, less common climates, the humid subtropical and oceanic climates, are seen on the Black Sea coast of Bulgaria and Balkan Turkey (European Turkey); and the Mediterranean climate is seen on the coast of Albania, the coast of Croatia, Greece, southern Montenegro and the Aegean coast of Balkan Turkey (European Turkey).
Balkans | Nature and natural resources
Crkvice is within the Mediterranean subtropical belt. While summers are hot and sunny, autumn, winter and spring are rainy seasons. A peculiarity of the littoral Dinarids is the precipitation regime as the settlements of Orjen receive more precipitation than any others in Europe. Like the monsoon rain it is seasonally distributed, thus November thunderstorms sometimes pour 2000 liters of water in several days, while August is frequently completely dry, leading to forest fires. With a maximum discharge of 350 m³/s water one of the biggest karst springs, the Sopot spring near Risan, is a remarkable indicator of this seasonality. Most of the time it is inactive but after heavy rain a remarkable waterfall appears 20 m above the Bay of Kotor.
Crkvice | Climate
Iž belongs to the area which has a borderline humid subtropical and mediterranean climate. Summers are dry, warm or hot and winters are mild and rainy. Average annual air temperature on the island is 15 degrees Celsius (59 degrees Fahrenheit). The island is relatively low and spatially small so that significant day and night winds can form there. It is relatively far from the mainland, surrounded on all sides by the sea and protected by neighboring higher islands. The most common winds are bora (Croatian: "bura") during winter, sirocco (Croatian: "jugo") during spring, autumn and winter and "maestral" - a constant humid breeze of moderate intensity - during summer.
Iž | Climate
The vast majority of the region is encompassed by the Black Sea drainage basin. The area includes all the largest rivers flowing in the country—Sava, Drava, Mura, and Kupa—except the Danube. The largest lakes in Croatia proper are Lake Dubrava and Lake Varaždin reservoirs, both near Varaždin, through which the Drava River flows. Croatia proper has a wealth of wetlands. Two out of the four Croatian wetlands included in the Ramsar list of internationally important wetlands are located in the region—Lonjsko Polje along the Sava and Lonja rivers near Sisak, and Crna Mlaka near Jastrebarsko. A high degree of karstification of the terrain in the Dinaric Alps has resulted in an increased permeability of soil and rocks and the formation of travertine barriers and waterfalls.
Croatia proper | Hydrology and climate
The current wife of the prime minister is [[Ana Maslać Plenković]].
First Lady | Croatia
Zagreb is the largest city in Croatia proper, followed by Rijeka, Karlovac, Varaždin, Sisak, and Velika Gorica. Other cities in Croatia proper have populations below 30,000. According to the 2001 census, Croats account for 92.0 percent of population of the region, and the most significant ethnic minority are Serbs, comprising 3.4 percent of the population. The largest proportion of the Serb minority was recorded in the Sisak-Moslavina and Karlovac counties (11.7 percent and 11.0 percent respectively), while a significant Czech minority was observed in Bjelovar-Bilogora county, comprising 5.3 percent of population of the county.
Croatia proper | Demographics
Ploče is the location of Croatia's high temperature record, measured at on 4 August 1981.
Ploče | Climate
This article details the history of the Croatian Air Force. The Republic of Croatia is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of Central Europe, the Mediterranean, and the Southeast Europe. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers 56,594 square kilometres (21,851 square miles). Croatia's Adriatic Sea coast contains more than a thousand islands. The country's population is 4.29 million. The Croatian Air Force was established on 12 December 1991, during the Croatian War of Independence. After 2003 almost the whole fleet was modernized or completely overhauled.
History of the Croatian Air Force | Introduction
Hvar town enjoys a sunny Mediterranean climate, typical of the southern Adriatic, with mild wet winters and hot dry summers. During June to September, the average temperature is higher than , dropping below in just two months of the year (January and February). Winter days see highs between and lows from . Daytime high temperatures in the summer months range from and from for the overnight lows. During the summer, the westerly mistral wind blows through the Pakleni channel, providing welcome cooling during the day. Rain is rare here during spring and summer, though plentiful in autumn and winter months.
Hvar (city) | Climate
The climate is continental. Summers are quite hot. Daily temperatures during the summer months usually range between 20 °C and 30 °C, but can reach as high as 40 °C in July and August, when they can also stay above 30 °C for several days. Thunderstorms and rapid weather changes are common throughout the summer months, as well as in late spring, with a particularly stormy period being between mid-June and mid-July, when they often occur on a daily basis. Springs and autumns are usually calm, although rapid weather changes can also be common during the two seasons. Winters can be very severe, with early-morning temperatures sometimes reaching as low as -20 °C.
Međimurje County | Climate
Most of Croatia has a moderately warm and rainy continental climate as defined by the Köppen climate classification. The mean monthly temperature ranges between and . Croatia has a number of ecoregions because of its climate and geomorphology, and the country is consequently among the most biodiverse in Europe. There are four types of biogeographical regions in Croatia: Mediterranean along the coast and in its immediate hinterland; Alpine in the elevated Lika and Gorski Kotar; Pannonian along the Drava and Danube; and Continental in the remaining areas. There are 444 protected natural areas in Croatia, encompassing 8.5% of the country; there are about 37,000 known species in Croatia, and the total number of species is estimated to be between 50,000 and 100,000.
Geography of Croatia | Introduction
February is the driest month, averaging 39 mm of precipitation. On average there are 29 days with snowfall, with first snow usually falling in early December. However, in recent years, the number of days with snowfall has decreased sharply. Springs are generally mild and very pleasant with frequent weather changes and are windier than other seasons. Sometimes cold spells can occur, mostly in its early stages. The average daily mean temperature in the winter is around (from December to February) and the average temperature in the summer is . The highest recorded temperature at the Maksimir weather station was in July 1950, and lowest was in February 1956.
Zagreb | Climate
Croatia is located in Central and Southeast Europe, on the coast of the Adriatic Sea. It borders Hungary to the northeast, Serbia to the east, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro to the southeast, and Slovenia to the northwest. It lies mostly between latitudes 42° and 47° N and longitudes 13° and 20° E. Part of the territory in the extreme south surrounding Dubrovnik is a practical exclave connected to the rest of the mainland by territorial waters, but separated on land by a short coastline strip belonging to Bosnia and Herzegovina around Neum. The territory covers , consisting of of land and of water.
Croatia | Geography
Sirocco is a warm humid rain and is important as it brings heavy rain. It appears throughout the year but is usually centered in autumn and spring. * monthly and yearly precipitation ranges in Dalmatia, Herzegovina and Montenegro
Orjen | Climate
This is a list of the cities proclaimed free royal cities in Croatia's history.
List of free royal cities of Croatia | Introduction
Zagreb ( , , ; ) is the capital and the largest city of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb lies at an elevation of approximately above sea level. The estimated population of the city in 2018 was 804,507. The population of the Zagreb urban agglomeration is 1,086,528, approximately a quarter of the total population of Croatia. Zagreb is a city with a rich history dating from Roman times. The oldest settlement in the vicinity of the city was the Roman Andautonia, in today's Ščitarjevo.
Zagreb | Introduction
Adriatic Croatia is one of the two NUTS-2 Regions of Croatia. The region forms the coastal part of the country. The five most populated cities in the region are Split, Rijeka, Zadar, Pula and Šibenik. It accounts for 44% of the country's territory and 33% of the population.
Adriatic Croatia | Introduction
Karancsalja, typically for its Central European location, has a humid continental climate.
Karancsalja | Climate
Municipalities of Croatia
Outline of Croatia | Municipalities of Croatia
Koprivnica () is a city in northern Croatia. It is the capital of the Koprivnica-Križevci county. In 2011, the city's administrative area of 90.94 km² had a total population of 30,854, with 23,955 in the city proper.
Koprivnica | Introduction
The country's capital, Prague, has a similar average temperature, although this is influenced by urban factors.
Czech Republic | Climate
The president of Croatia () is the head of state, commander in-chief of the military and chief representative of the Republic of Croatia both within the country and abroad. The President is the holder of the highest office in Croatia. However, the president is not the head of the executive branch ("non executive president") as Croatia has a parliamentary system in which the holder of the post of Prime Minister is the most powerful person within the country's constitutional framework and everyday politics. The president maintains the regular and coordinated operation and stability of the national government system, and safeguards the independence and territorial integrity of the country.
President of Croatia | Introduction
The executive branch is responsible for proposing legislation and a budget, executing the laws, and guiding the country's foreign and domestic policies. The government's official residence is at Banski dvori. As of 19 October 2016, the prime minister is Andrej Plenković.
Politics of Croatia | Executive
The Croatian constitution and legislation provides for regular elections for the office of the President of the Republic, parliamentary, county prefects, county assemblies, city and municipal mayors and city and municipal councils. The President of the Republic is elected to a five-year term by a direct vote of all citizens of Croatia. A majority vote is required to win. A runoff election round is held in cases where no candidate secures the majority in the first round of voting. The presidential elections are regulated by the constitution and dedicated legislation; the latter defines technical details, appeals and similar issues. 140 members of parliament are elected to a four-year term in ten multi-seat constituencies, which are defined on the basis of the existing county borders, with amendments to achieve a uniform number of eligible voters in each constituency to within 5%.
Politics of Croatia | Elections
The endorsements are required in form of a list containing name, address, personal identification number and voter signature. The presidential elections are regulated by an act of the parliament. The constitution requires that the president-elect resign from political party membership. The president-elect is also required to resign from the parliament as well. Before assuming presidential duty, the president-elect is required to take an oath of office before the judges of the Constitutional Court, swearing loyalty to the Constitution of Croatia. The inauguration ceremony is traditionally held at St. Mark's Square in Zagreb, in front of the St. Mark's Church, midway between the building of the Parliament of Croatia and Banski dvori—the seat of the Government of Croatia.
President of Croatia | Election and taking office
The average urbanisation rate in Croatia stands at 56%, with a growing urban population and shrinking rural population. The largest city and the nation's capital is Zagreb, with an urban population of 686,568 in the city itself. Zagreb's metropolitan area encompasses 341 additional settlements and, by the year 2001, the population of the area had reached 978,161; approximately 60% of Zagreb County's residents live in Zagreb's metropolitan area, as does about 41% of Croatia's urban population. The cities of Split and Rijeka are the largest settlements on the Croatian Adriatic coast, with each city's population being over 100,000. There are four other Croatian cities exceeding 50,000 people: Osijek, Zadar, Pula and Slavonski Brod; the Zagreb district of Sesvete, which has the status of a standalone settlement but not a city, also has such a large population.
Geography of Croatia | Urbanisation
Primorje-Gorski Kotar and Lika-Senj are included in the Adriatic Croatia NUTS unit. The ten counties and Zagreb cover of land, corresponding to 50% of the territory of Croatia, and have a population of 2,418,214 yielding a population density of .
Croatia proper | Geography
The terms "Supruga Predsjednika Republike" (Wife of the president of the Republic) or "Suprug Predsjednice Republike" (Husband of the president of the Republic) are most commonly used in Croatia, while the terms "Prva dama" (First Lady) and "Prvi gospodin" (First Gentleman) are rarely used, except by foreign sources. The current wife of the president of Croatia is [[Sanja Musić-Milanović. The wife of the prime minister has occasionally, in exceptionally rare cases, also been referred to as the "First Lady" of Croatia, however as the spouses of prime ministers have often maintained a low profile and have almost never been public figures, the title "Supruga Predsjednika Vlade" (Wife of the Prime Minister) has been used in cases when such a reference is needed.
First Lady | Croatia
The climate of Petrovo Polje has the elements of both the cooler and harsher continental climate of the north and the warmer climate predominant in the south. In the winter, jugo and bora winds are common. The average number of frost days per year is 30, between October and April. Summers are dry.
Petrovo Polje, Croatia | Climate
In Croatia the base is a continental breakfast with a variety of pastries with or without fillings (marmalade, chocolate, cheese, ham, nuts, poppy) and fermented milk products (yogurt, soured milk, soured cream). Cold cuts, such as prosciutto, ham, salami, kulen, bacon, and various cheeses, are also favored. Fried eggs or omelet and Vienna sausage with mayonnaise, mustard or ajvar are very often consumed. In continental parts "sir i vrhnje" (cottage cheese with soured cream and some spices) is traditional. Coffee is much preferred over tea (mostly herbal tea).
Breakfast | Croatia
Northern Croatia or North Croatia (, ) is a region in the northern part of Croatia, which encompasses Varaždin, Međimurje, Zagorje and Koprivnica-Križevci counties, including the cities of Varaždin, Čakovec, Krapina, Koprivnica and Križevci. The Kajkavian dialect is spoken there. It shares borders with Hungary and Slovenia. The term is not used in official capacity but is present as a regional designation. Until 2012, the region's borders coincided with the NUTS-2 region "Northwest Croatia" ("Sjeverozapadna Hrvatska" in Croatian). This NUTS-2 region has since been deprecated and the corresponding region has merged with "Central and Eastern Croatia" ("Središnja i Istočna Hrvatska") forming the NUTS-2 region Continental Croatia.
Northern Croatia | Introduction
During summer and winter, temperature inversion is sometimes present. An anticyclone forms above the cold continent during winter. When its center is close to Croatia, the weather is cold and gloomy in Zagreb and warmer at Sljeme. The mean annual air temperature on Medvednica is , compared with in Zagreb. The mean temperature in summer months is on average lower by than in Zagreb. On average, 15 days have temperatures below , eight days a year have average daily maxima higher than , and only one day reaches above . The coldest month is January with a mean monthly air temperature of , while the warmest month is July with an average temperature of .
Medvednica | Temperature
Parg has a cool and wet humid continental climate ("Dfb") due to its geographical position in the Gorski kotar region of Croatia, facing the Adriatic Sea. It's much cooler than either the coast or inland Croatia because of its elevation of 863 m above sea level.
Parg | Climate
A further eleven cities are populated by more than 20,000.
Geography of Croatia | Urbanisation
Vis experiences warm and temperate winters with warm to hot summers. The landward breeze makes it the most moderate climate in Croatia. The climate allows for tropical and Mediterranean vegetation, including palms, carobs, olives, grapes and lemons. The average rainfall is about per square meter. The island of Vis has a number of natural sources of drinking water from natural spring water reservoirs. It is also home to 12 distinct types of island vegetation. The World Organization for Environmental Protection has named Vis one of the 10 environmentally best-preserved islands in the Mediterranean.
Vis (town) | Climate
Its town council is located in Kaštel Sućurac.
List of cities and towns in Croatia | List of cities and towns
Varaždin represents the best preserved and richest urban complex in continental Croatia. The Old Town (fortress) is an example of medieval defensive buildings. Construction began in the 14th century, and in the following century the rounded towers, typical of Gothic architecture in Croatia, were added. Today it houses the Town Museum. The fortress is depicted on the reverse of the Croatian 5 kuna banknote, issued in 1993 and 2001. The Old and Contemporary Masters Gallery is located in the Sermage Palace, built in the rococo style in 1750.
Varaždin | Monuments and sights
The island of Krapanj is situated in the central part of the Croatian littoral and is characterised by a warm, dry Mediterranean climate. According to data from the nearest weather station, in Šibenik, for the period from 1986 to 1996 the average annual temperature was and the average annual precipitation .
Krapanj | Climate
In March and October, it is also common for the temperature to drop below 0 °C over night, even when the daily temperature is in the range between 10 °C and 15 °C.
Međimurje County | Climate
Makarska experiences a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: "Csa"). Winters are warm and wet, while summers are hot and dry. Makarska is one of the warmest towns in Croatia. Vegetation is the evergreen Mediterranean type, and subtropical flora (palm-trees, agaves, cacti) grow in the town and its surroundings.
Makarska | Climate and vegetation
Politics of Croatia
Outline of Croatia | Government and politics of Croatia
The constitution has since been amended several times. The first modern parties in the country developed in the middle of the 19th century, and their agenda and appeal changed, reflecting major social changes, such as the breakup of Austria-Hungary, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, dictatorship and social upheavals in the kingdom, World War II, the establishment of Communist rule and the breakup of the SFR Yugoslavia. The President of the Republic () is the head of state and the commander in chief of the Croatian armed forces and is directly elected to serve a five-year term. The government (), the main executive power of Croatia, is headed by the prime minister, who has four deputy prime ministers who serve also as government ministers.
Politics of Croatia | Introduction
The municipality lies at an altitude of 668 metres and covers an area of 3.426 km². It has a population of about 200 people.
Bobrovček | Geography
The municipality lies at an altitude of 370 metres and covers an area of 5.821 km². It has a population of about 420 people.
Hubošovce | Geography
Komiža experiences warm and temperate winters with warm to hot summers with the landward breeze making it the most moderate climate in the Republic of Croatia. The climate allows for Tropical and Mediterranean vegetation, including palms, carobs, olives, grapes and lemons. The average rainfall is about per square meter. The island of Vis has a number of natural sources of drinking water from the natural spring water reservoirs. The island is also home to twelve distinct types of island vegetation. Vis has been marked as one of the ten most environmentally preserved islands in the Mediterranean by the World Organization for Environmental Protection.
Komiža | Climate
The city extends over east-west and around north-south.
Zagreb | Introduction
The politics of Croatia are defined by a parliamentary, representative democratic republic framework, where the Prime Minister of Croatia is the head of government in a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the Government and the President of Croatia. Legislative power is vested in the Croatian Parliament (). The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. The parliament adopted the current Constitution of Croatia on 22 December 1990 and decided to declare independence from Yugoslavia on 25 May 1991. The Constitutional Decision on the Sovereignty and Independence of the Republic of Croatia came into effect on 8 October 1991.
Politics of Croatia | Introduction
Sports in Croatia
Outline of Croatia | Sports in Croatia
The Republic of Croatia is a unitary state using a parliamentary system of governance. With the collapse of the ruling communist party in SFR Yugoslavia, Croatia organized its first multi-party elections and adopted its present constitution in 1990. It declared independence on 8 October 1991 which led to the break-up of Yugoslavia and countries international recognition by the United Nations in 1992. Under its 1990 Constitution, Croatia operated a semi-presidential system until 2000 when it switched to a parliamentary system. Government powers in Croatia are divided into legislative, executive, and judiciary powers. The President of the Republic () is the head of state, directly elected to a five-year term and is limited by the Constitution to a maximum of two terms.
Croatia | Politics
Although the town is located on the eastern side of Gran Sasso and then exposed to currents mitigatrici of the Adriatic Sea, contrary to what you might think, they are not sufficient to reach this area, which therefore present the typical mountain climate, with cold winters, dry and snowy, thanks to the current Balkan sometimes cold, and summers are dry and hot, with a low moisture content, as opposed to the coastal cities, even increased as a result of summer storms rinfescanti. These climatic conditions, characteristic of the Mediterranean climate allows the cultivation of extensive olive groves and vineyards present extensively throughout the country.
Civitella Casanova | Climate