Despite the recent awareness and admiration of Leonardo as a scientist and inventor, for the better part of four hundred years his fame rested on his achievements as a painter. A handful of works that are either authenticated or attributed to him have been regarded as among the great masterpieces. These paintings are famous for a variety of qualities that have been much imitated by students and discussed at great length by connoisseurs and critics. By the 1490s Leonardo had already been described as a "Divine" painter. Among the qualities that make Leonardo's work unique are his innovative techniques for laying on the paint; his detailed knowledge of anatomy, light, botany and geology; his interest in physiognomy and the way humans register emotion in expression and gesture; his innovative use of the human form in figurative composition; and his use of subtle gradation of tone.
Painting
Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo da Vinci | Painting
Yes his main achievement is as a painter Yes,  A handful of works that are either authenticated or attributed to him have been regarded as among the great masterpieces. Yes, the better part of four hundred years his fame rested on his achievements as a painter. Yes, he is a renowned painter, described as a "Divine" painter.
what does patterns in nature refer to?
user
They are visible regularities of form found in the natural world.
assistant
what patterns does it include?
user
It includes symmetries, trees, spirals, meanders, waves, foams, tessellations, cracks and stripes.
assistant
what is it caused by?
user
Causes can be in the mathematics that governs what patterns can physically form, and among living things in the effects of natural selection, that govern how patterns evolve.
assistant
were these indicated in any books?
user
Sorry. I cannot find the answer based on the context.
assistant
can you name anyone from history who has done such researches on this?
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Leonardo da Vinci
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where was he born?
user
In the Tuscan hill town of Vinci
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was he into painting?
user
Leonardo da Vinci (; 14/15 April 14522 May 1519) was an Italian polymath of the High Renaissance who is widely considered one of the greatest painters of all time. The "Mona Lisa" is the most famous of his works and the most famous portrait ever made. "The Last Supper" is the most reproduced religious painting of all time and his "Vitruvian Man" drawing is also regarded as a cultural icon. He is also known for his notebooks, in which he made drawings and notes on science and invention; these involve a variety of subjects including anatomy, cartography, painting, and palaeontology.
Leonardo da Vinci | Introduction
Leonardo's collective works compose a contribution to later generations of artists rivalled only by that of his contemporary Michelangelo. Properly named Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci, Leonardo was born out of wedlock to a notary, Piero da Vinci, and a peasant woman, Caterina, in Vinci, in the region of Florence, Italy. Leonardo was educated in the studio of the renowned Italian painter Andrea del Verrocchio. Much of his earlier working life was spent in the service of Ludovico il Moro in Milan, and he later worked in Rome, Bologna and Venice. He spent his last three years in France, where he died in 1519.
Leonardo da Vinci | Introduction
Leonardo (1452–1519) spent his formative years training in the Florence workshop of Verrocchio before moving to Milan, where he worked from 1482 to 1499 before spending 1500 to 1506 back in Florence. Because of the scope of his interests and the extraordinary degree of talent that he demonstrated in so many diverse areas, he is regarded as the archetypal "Renaissance man". But it was first and foremost as a painter that he was admired in his own time, and as a painter, he drew on the knowledge he gained from his other interests. Leonardo was a scientific observer. He learned by looking at things.
Italian Renaissance painting | Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo da Vinci (April 15, 1452 – May 2, 1519) was an Italian Renaissance painter and polymath who achieved legendary fame and iconic status within his own lifetime. His renown primarily rests upon his brilliant achievements as a painter, the "Mona Lisa" and "The Last Supper", being two of the most famous artworks ever created, but also upon his diverse skills as a scientist and inventor. He became so highly valued during his lifetime that the King of France bore him home like a trophy of war, supported him in his old age and, according to legend, cradled his head as he died.
Cultural references to Leonardo da Vinci | Introduction
The manuscript, which now appears to be incomplete, is considered a particularly useful source for the study of the history of Italian art since it is the most comprehensive biographical source before the 1550 edition of Vasari's Lives, which was being compiled over the same period. The account of the life of Leonardo da Vinci is especially detailed, and much used by later authors. One particular point, a later addition to the manuscript, has been much discussed. This states that Leonardo painted a portrait from life of "Piero Francesco del Giocondo" (or possibly just "Francesco del Giocondo"), respectively the son and the husband of Lisa del Giocondo, usually considered the sitter for the "Mona Lisa".
Anonimo Gaddiano | Contents
In particular, he studied the human form, dissecting thirty or more unclaimed cadavers from a hospital in order to understand muscles and sinews. More than any other artist, he advanced the study of "atmosphere". In his paintings such as the "Mona Lisa" and "Virgin of the Rocks", he used light and shade with such subtlety that, for want of a better word, it became known as Leonardo's "sfumato" or "smoke".
Florentine painting | Leonardo da Vinci
It is a complex composition, of about Leonardo did numerous drawings and preparatory studies, including a detailed one in linear perspective of the ruined classical architecture that forms part of the background. In 1482 Leonardo went to Milan at the behest of Lorenzo de' Medici in order to win favour with Ludovico il Moro, and the painting was abandoned.
Leonardo da Vinci | Paintings of the 1480s
In Florence, Leonardo lived at premises of the Servite Community, and at that time drew the large cartoon for the "Madonna and Child and St Anne", which attracted a lot of popular attention. He is also reported to have had a job to do for King Louis XII of France. Between 1506 and 1513 Leonardo was once again based mostly in Milan. In 1507 Francesco Melzi joined his household as an apprentice, and remained with him until his death. In 1513 Leonardo left Milan for Rome and was employed by the Medici family. In 1516 he went to France as court painter to King Francis I.
Personal life of Leonardo da Vinci | Biography
He studied and drew the flowers of the fields, the eddies of the river, the form of the rocks and mountains, the way light reflected from foliage and sparkled in a jewel. In particular, he studied the human form, dissecting thirty or more unclaimed cadavers from a hospital in order to understand muscles and sinews. Leonardo achieved a degree of realism in the expression of human emotion, prefigured by Giotto but unknown since Masaccio's "Adam and Eve". Leonardo's "Last Supper", painted from 1495 to 1498 in the refectory of the Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie (Milan), became the benchmark for religious narrative painting for the next half millennium.
Italian Renaissance painting | Leonardo da Vinci
It is thought that Leonardo never made a painting from it, the closest similarity being to "The Virgin and Child with St. Anne" in the Louvre. Other drawings of interest include numerous studies generally referred to as "caricatures" because, although exaggerated, they appear to be based upon observation of live models. Vasari relates that if Leonardo saw a person with an interesting face he would follow them around all day observing them. There are numerous studies of beautiful young men, often associated with Salaì, with the rare and much admired facial feature, the so-called "Grecian profile." These faces are often contrasted with that of a warrior.
Leonardo da Vinci | Drawings
It is attributed to Leonardo by a number of historians of Art: Prof. Hoehnsttatt Peter (University of Parma), Alessandro Tomei (D'Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara), Maria Cristina Paoluzzi (D'Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara and Milan), Jan Royt (University of Prague), David Bershad (University of Calgary) and Orest Kormashov (University of Tallinn)..
Lucan portrait of Leonardo da Vinci | Attribution
Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) was an Italian Renaissance polymath. Da Vinci may also refer to:
Da Vinci (disambiguation) | Introduction
Carone was born June 4, 1917 into an Italian-American family in New York City. They moved to Hoboken, New Jersey, where he grew up. He began formal art studies at the age of eleven at the Leonardo da Vinci School located at St. Mark's Church on E. 10th St. He studied at the National Academy of Design under Leon Kroll, Art Students League of New York, Hans Hofmann School of Fine Arts, and the Rome Academy of Fine Arts. In 1941 he won the Rome Prize and in 1949 a Fulbright Fellowship. Both gave him an opportunity to study art in Italy.
Nicolas Carone | Biography
Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) was an Italian Renaissance polymath. Leonardo da Vinci may also refer to:
Leonardo da Vinci (disambiguation) | Introduction
Vasari says of the child Leonardo "He would have been very proficient in his early lessons, if he had not been so volatile and flexible; for he was always setting himself to learn a multitude of things, most of which were shortly abandoned. When he began the study of arithmetic, he made, within a few months, such remarkable progress that he could baffle his master with the questions and problems that he raised... All the time, through all his other enterprises, Leonardo never ceased drawing..." Leonardo's father, Ser Piero, realising that his son's talents were extraordinary, took some of his drawings to show his friend, Andrea del Verrocchio, who ran one of the largest artists' workshops in Florence.
Personal life of Leonardo da Vinci | Interests
https://archive.org/details/VinciOperaArtaserseLOperaDeNancy20121110
Leonardo Vinci | External links
According to Vasari, Verrocchio, on seeing the beauty of the angel that his young pupil had painted, never painted again. Florence was at this time a Republic, but the city was increasingly under the influence of a single powerful family, the Medici, led by Lorenzo de' Medici, who came to be known as "Lorenzo the Magnificent". In 1481 Leonardo commenced an important commission, the painting of a large altarpiece for the church of San Donato in Scopeto. The work was never completed. Leonardo left Florence and travelled to Milan carrying a gift from Lorenzo to the regent ruler, Ludovico Sforza.
Personal life of Leonardo da Vinci | Biography
All these qualities come together in his most famous painted works, the "Mona Lisa", the "Last Supper", and the "Virgin of the Rocks".
Leonardo da Vinci | Painting
Da Pistoia was born in the city of Pistoia, Tuscany, and died in Naples. According to Benezit, he is often confused with Leonardo di Francesco di Lazzaro Malatesta (ca. 1483 – after 1518). Both men were known as "Leonardo da Pistoia" or as "Malatesta." In Naples, da Pistoia was also known as "Guido da Napoli" or as "Guelfo dal Celano." Early in his career, da Pistoia worked in Rome under Gianfrancesco Penni (also known as "il Fattore"). He was a copyist of Raphael's paintings. He and Penni later relocated to Naples. While there, da Pistoia painted for the churches of Santa Maria del Parto a Mergellina, San Domenico Maggiore, and Monte Oliveto.
Leonardo da Pistoia | Biography
Leonardo Da Besozzo or Leonardo Dei Molinari (15th century) was an Italian painter, active in Lombardy and Naples.
Leonardo da Besozzo | Introduction
Since then he has traveled around Europe, Asia and South America where he further cultivated his art skills. He began painting at a very young age after his grandmother taught him the technical aspects of drawing and painting. His main sources of inspiration are traveling, famous people who have changed the world, music, american culture, photography, history and the magic of everyday life and people.
Leonardo Hidalgo | Introduction
However, he was still hesitant about painting. He remembers that one day he was walking in the historic center of Mexico City and found an artist's supply shop and thought about taking up painting as a hobby, but then thought he could not because of lack of preparation.
Leonardo Nierman | Life
Leonardo was born to unmarried parents on 15 April 1452, "at the third hour of the night" in the Tuscan hill town of Vinci, in the lower valley of the Arno River in the territory of the Republic of Florence. He was the out-of-wedlock son of the wealthy Messer Piero Fruosino di Antonio da Vinci, a Florentine legal notary, and an orphaned girl, Caterina di Meo Lippi. His full birth name was "Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci", meaning "Leonardo, (son) of (Mes)ser Piero from Vinci". The inclusion of the title "ser" indicated that Leonardo's father was a gentleman. Leonardo spent his first five years in the hamlet of Anchiano in the home of his mother, then from 1457 lived in the household of his father, grandparents and uncle, Francesco, in the small town of Vinci.
Personal life of Leonardo da Vinci | Biography
Leonardo is the son of Michelino Molinari da Besozzo, a prominent painter in Lombardy in the early, 15th century. Born in Besozzo, he also worked in Naples with Perinetto da Benevento in the fresco decoration of the church of San Giovanni a Carbonara.
Leonardo da Besozzo | Biography
Leonardo was born on 14/15 April 1452 in the Tuscan hill town of Vinci, in the lower valley of the Arno river in the territory of the Medici-ruled Republic of Florence. He was the out-of-wedlock son of Messer Piero Fruosino di Antonio da Vinci, a wealthy Florentine legal notary, and a peasant named Caterina, identified as Caterina Buti del Vacca and more recently as Caterina di Meo Lippi by historian Martin Kemp. There have been many theories regarding Leonardo's mother's identity, including that she was a slave of foreign origin or an impoverished local youth. Leonardo had no surname in the modern sense—da Vinci simply meaning "of Vinci"; his full birth name was Lionardo di ser Piero da Vinci, meaning "Leonardo, (son) of ser Piero (from) Vinci." Leonardo spent his first years in the hamlet of Anchiano in the home of his mother, and from at least 1457 lived in the household of his father, grandparents and uncle in the small town of Vinci.
Leonardo da Vinci | Early life
Leonardo Coccorante was born in Naples, Italy. He studied or worked under Nicola Casissa, the Flemish landscape painter Jan Frans van Bloemen (1662–1749), Angelo Maria Costa (1670–1721), and finally with Gabriele Ricciardelli (active between 1741 and 1777). From 1737 to 1739, he was employed decorating the royal palace of Naples. Coccorante died in Naples in 1750.
Leonardo Coccorante | Life
Leonardo was accepted for apprenticeship and "soon proved himself a first class geometrician". Vasari says that during his youth Leonardo made a number of clay heads of smiling women and children from which casts were still being made and sold by the workshop some 80 years later. Among his earliest significant known paintings are the "Annunciation" in the Uffizi, the angel that he painted as a collaboration with Verrocchio in "The Baptism of Christ", and a small predella of the "Annunciation" to go beneath an altarpiece by Lorenzo di Credi. The little predella picture is probably the earliest. The diversity of Leonardo's interests, remarked on by Vasari as apparent in his early childhood, was to express itself in his journals which record his scientific observations of nature, his meticulous dissection of corpses to understand anatomy, his experiments with machines for flying, for generating power from water and for besieging cities, his studies of geometry and his architectural plans, as well as personal memos and creative writing including fables.
Personal life of Leonardo da Vinci | Interests
At 14 years of age, he moved to Pavia to study design with the engraver Giovita Garavaglia; but wishing to study painting, after two years he moved to Milan where he stayed 1832 to 1839. His mother supported his studies in painting, by selling all her possessions. But he was not able to complete his studies. In penury, his friends were able to sustain him till August 1839, when he finished his first large canvas: "San Rocco visits those sick with the plague", which had been commissioned by a confraternity of Garlasco, and now is in the church of the same name.
Francesco Sampietro | Biography
Vasari also says: In the normal course of events many men and women are born with various remarkable qualities and talents; but occasionally, in a way that transcends nature, a single person is marvellously endowed by heaven with beauty, grace and talent in such abundance that he leaves other men far behind... Everyone acknowledged that this was true of Leonardo da Vinci, an artist of outstanding physical beauty who displayed infinite grace in everything he did and who cultivated his genius so brilliantly that all problems he studied were solved with ease. While painting "The Last Supper", Leonado wrote, "Wine is good, but water is preferable at table.
Personal life of Leonardo da Vinci | Character
Leonardo, because of the scope of his interests and the extraordinary degree of talent that he demonstrated in so many diverse areas, is regarded as the archetypal "Renaissance man". But it was first and foremost as a painter that he was admired within his own time, and as a painter, he drew on the knowledge that he gained from all his other interests. Leonardo was a scientific observer. He learned by looking at things. He studied and drew the flowers of the fields, the eddies of the river, the form of the rocks and mountains, the way light reflected from foliage and sparkled in a jewel.
Florentine painting | Leonardo da Vinci
His kneeling form takes on a trapezoid shape, with one arm stretched to the outer edge of the painting and his gaze looking in the opposite direction. J. Wasserman points out the link between this painting and Leonardo's anatomical studies. Across the foreground sprawls his symbol, a great lion whose body and tail make a double spiral across the base of the picture space. The other remarkable feature is the sketchy landscape of craggy rocks against which the figure is silhouetted. The daring display of figure composition, the landscape elements and personal drama also appear in the great unfinished masterpiece, the "Adoration of the Magi", a commission from the Monks of San Donato a Scopeto.
Leonardo da Vinci | Paintings of the 1480s
He was not to see this project fully realized, but gathered the "Codex Urbinas".
Personal life of Leonardo da Vinci | Pupils
The painting was found in 2008 by Nicola Barbatelli, director of the Museo delle Antiche Genti di Lucania, in the private collection of an aristocratic family at Acerenza (population 3,000), a village on the river Bradano near Potenza in Basilicata. The family, who asked to remain anonymous, believed it to be a portrait of Galileo. According to Professor Peter Hohenstatt of the University of Parma, the portrait is listed on page 116 of "Napoli Antica e Moderna", (1815) edited by Abate Domenico Romanelli, as being the work of Leonardo da Vinci and located in the Palazzo Baranello nella strada Cedronia of the Duke of Baranello, of the noble family Russo.
Lucan portrait of Leonardo da Vinci | Provenance
In 1516 at aged 64 Leonardo da Vinci left Rome and traveled through Italy, armed with his sketchbooks and 3 of his most famous paintings: "Mona Lisa", "The Virgin and Child", "with St. Anne" and "St. John the Baptist". They are now conserved in the Musée du Louvre, Paris. His disciples Francesco Melzi and Salaì followed him throughout his travels, as did his servant, Batista of Vilanis. Benvenuto Cellini wrote that king Francis I gave Leonardo da Vinci a pension of 700 gold ecus, as well as buying his artwork allowing him to live and work in the Clos Lucé.
Clos Lucé | Leonardo da Vinci’s years at the Clos Lucé
Leonardo was commissioned in 1503 to paint one long wall with a battle scene celebrating a famous Florentine victory. He was always trying new methods and materials and decided to mix wax into his pigments. Da Vinci had finished painting part of the wall, but it was not drying fast enough, so he brought in braziers stoked with hot coals to try to hurry the process. As others watched in horror, the wax in the fresco melted under the intense heat and the colors ran down the walls to puddle on the floor. A legend exists that Giorgio Vasari, wanting to preserve Da Vinci's work, had a false wall built over the top of "The Battle of Anghiari" before painting his fresco.
Palazzo Vecchio | Salone dei Cinquecento
He was born in Naples. His father, Cesare, was a businessman who loved music, art and the theater. He was, in fact, a close friend of Verdi, who attended Giuseppe's baptism. As a result, contrary to the experience of many other aspiring artists, his family encouraged his desire to become a painter. In 1872, he was enrolled at the Accademia di Belle Arti, where he studied with Domenico Morelli, Filippo Palizzi and Gioacchino Toma. After graduating, he went abroad, painting in London and Paris where, thanks to a recommendation by Morelli, he worked for Goupil & Cie and created a series of female portraits (many done with the same model) that have become his best-known works.
Giuseppe De Sanctis | Biography
Leonardo da Vinci chose only very handsome boys, as was Francesco, to be his pupils and cared for them considerably as if they were family. In addition to Francesco Melzi, some of his pupils were Cesare da Sesto, Boltraffio and Andrea Salaí. However, as they were chosen based on attractiveness rather than talent, they were not very skilled painters, and therefore it is easy to identify paintings they worked on based on their lower quality. Because of the general workshop practice where multiple artists work on one painting, it has become common practice to ascribe Leonardo's pupils to his less known (or lower quality) works.
Francesco Melzi | Selected works
Salaì was born in 1480 as son of Pietro di Giovanni, a tenant of Leonardo's vineyard near the Porta Vercellina, Milan. He joined Leonardo's household at the age of ten as an assistant. Vasari describes Salaì as "a graceful and beautiful youth with curly hair, in which Leonardo greatly delighted". Although Leonardo described him as "a liar, a thief, stubborn and a glutton" and he stole from Leonardo on at least five occasions, he kept him in his household for more than 25 years, in which he trained as an artist. Salaì became a capable, although not very impressive, painter, who created several works, including the "Monna Vanna", a nude version of the "Mona Lisa" which may be based on a charcoal sketch by Leonardo.
Salaì | Early life
Leonardo started his study in the anatomy of the human body under the apprenticeship of Verrocchio, who demanded that his students develop a deep knowledge of the subject. As an artist, he quickly became master of "topographic anatomy", drawing many studies of muscles, tendons and other visible anatomical features. As a successful artist, Leonardo was given permission to dissect human corpses at the Hospital of Santa Maria Nuova in Florence and later at hospitals in Milan and Rome. From 1510 to 1511 he collaborated in his studies with the doctor Marcantonio della Torre. Leonardo made over 240 detailed drawings and wrote about 13,000 words towards a treatise on anatomy.
Leonardo da Vinci | Anatomy and physiology
Leonardo di Bisuccio (15th century) was an Italian painter of the Renaissance period, who painted in the style of the school of Milan. Bisuccio was born in Milan. He is best known for his frescoes of "Christ Crowning the virgin" in the memorial chapel for Giovanni Carracciolo in "San Giovanni a Carbonari" in Naples.
Leonardo di Bisuccio | Introduction
Anne is a full generation older than Mary. Freud also points out that, in the painting, the outline of a vulture can be seen. This is connected to the original fantasy involving the vulture in Leonardo da Vinci's crib.
Leonardo da Vinci, A Memory of His Childhood | Interpretation of "The Virgin and Child with St. Anne"
This image was repeated in the woodcut designed for the first edition of Vasari's "Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects". In a 2008 TED talk, artist Siegfried Woldhek, based on Leonardo's features allegedly featured in Andrea del Verrocchio's bronze statue of "David", proposed that Leonardo may have done three self-portraits: "Portrait of a Musician", the "Vitruvian Man", and the aforementioned "Portrait of a Man in Red Chalk".
Personal life of Leonardo da Vinci | Portraits
It is the first [documented] time where a landscape was drawn just for the sake of it." Among his famous drawings are the "Vitruvian Man", a study of the proportions of the human body; the "Head of an Angel", for "The Virgin of the Rocks" in the Louvre; a botanical study of "Star of Bethlehem"; and a large drawing (160×100 cm) in black chalk on coloured paper of "The Virgin and Child with St. Anne and St. John the Baptist" in the National Gallery, London. This drawing employs the subtle "sfumato" technique of shading, in the manner of the "Mona Lisa".
Leonardo da Vinci | Drawings
Leonardo Domenici was born in Florence in 1955, later graduating in moral philosophy from the University of Florence.
Leonardo Domenici | Biography
The son of Italian immigrants, Daniel Celentano was born into a large family within an Italian neighborhood of Manhattan. A childhood polio attack left him with only partial use of his right leg. Made homebound by this disability he was unable to attend school and, recognizing his artistic skill while he was still a boy, his parents were able to arrange for art teachers to tutor him at home. Through hard work and perseverance he regained control over his leg by the age of twelve and at that time became the first pupil of the social realist painter Thomas Hart Benton.
Daniel Celentano | Art training
He was born in Milan. After picking up the basics in the studio of the painter Gaetano Fasanotti, Bazzaro enrolled at the Brera Academy in Milan, where he was awarded the Fumagalli Prize in 1875. He painted a series of perspective views set in Milanese churches and mansions. Among his works during the years 1881 to 1887 are the "Interior of the Church of the Carmine", (Brera), "Interior of the Choir of San Vittore", Interior of Sala Verri", The "Ponte dei Sospiri", "Investiture of Monks in Monastery", "Canal near Corsico", and "Scena sul Naviglio". The success achieved with the public and critics alike at a number of major national and international events prompted him to take an interest also in portraiture and in both rural landscape and cityscape painting; for the latter, his favorite settings were Venice and Chioggia.
Leonardo Bazzaro | Biography
Leonardo always loved nature. One of the reasons was because of his childhood environment. Near his childhood house were mountains, trees, and rivers. There were also many animals. This environment gave him the perfect chance to study the surrounding area; it also may have encouraged him to have interest in painting. Later in life he recalls his exploration of an ominous cavern in the mountains as formative.
Personal life of Leonardo da Vinci | Love of nature
The Lucan portrait of Leonardo da Vinci is a late 15th- or early 16th-century portrait of a man that was discovered in 2008 in a cupboard of a private house in Italy. It strongly resembles a portrait of Leonardo da Vinci by Cristofano dell'Altissimo held by the Uffizi Gallery. The painting was previously thought by its owners to represent Galileo but on its discovery a claim was made that it is a self-portrait by Leonardo da Vinci. Alessandro Vezzosi, director of the Museo Ideale Leonardo da Vinci at Vinci said in 2011 that he had excluded the possibility that it was a self-portrait, but that the painting "remains intriguing because it adds a new element to the Leonardo puzzle".
Lucan portrait of Leonardo da Vinci | Introduction
In 1505 Leonardo was commissioned to paint "The Battle of Anghiari" in the Salone dei Cinquecento (Hall of the Five Hundred) in the Palazzo Vecchio, Florence. Leonardo devised a dynamic composition depicting four men riding raging war horses engaged in a battle for possession of a standard, at the Battle of Anghiari in 1440. Michelangelo was assigned the opposite wall to depict the Battle of Cascina. Leonardo's painting deteriorated rapidly and is now known from a copy by Rubens. Among the works created by Leonardo in the 16th century is the small portrait known as the "Mona Lisa" or "La Gioconda", the laughing one.
Leonardo da Vinci | Paintings of the 16th century
Leonardo da Vinci School, (1930 - 1938) New York University School of Architecture and Allied Arts. Bachelor of Fine Arts, magna cum laude, 1940 Yale University School of Art, MFA, 1942
Robert Borgatta | Education
As Leonardo became successful as an artist, he was given permission to dissect human corpses at the Hospital of Santa Maria Nuova in Florence. Later he dissected in Milan at the hospital Maggiore, and in Rome at the Ospedale di Santo Spirito (the first mainland Italian hospital). From 1510 to 1511 he collaborated in his studies with the doctor Marcantonio della Torre. I have removed the skin from a man who was so shrunk by illness that the muscles were worn down and remained in a state like thin membrane, in such a way that the sinews instead of merging in muscles ended in wide membrane; and where the bones were covered by the skin they had very little over their natural size.
Science and inventions of Leonardo da Vinci | Dissection
Leonardo Cremonini was the son of a railway worker who taught him the basics of painting. In 1935, his father had to relocate to Calabria for professional reasons. The Tyrrhenian coast where Cremonini would grow up would have a profound impact on his later work. Supported by a grant from the Collegio Venturoli he studied from 1932 to 1936 at the Academy of Fine Arts in Bologna, and then at the Brera Academy in Milan. In 1948 he had his first exhibition in Verona. In Bologna he met Giorgio Morandi. Through him he received another scholarship, which in 1951 enabled him to stay in Paris.
Leonardo Cremonini | Life
He was born in Verona, and trained there under Giambettino Cignaroli, his maternal uncle. He painted sacred subjects and portraits, including one of the young Mozart. He painted frescoes for the Casa Niccolini in Verona. He sent an "Annuciation" to the Catholic church in St Petersburg, Russia. He became a member of the Accademia Clementina in Bologna. In 1806, he wrote a book titled "Scuola veronese di pittura", where he lists himself as professor of painting, member of the Accademia Clementina, Director of the Academy of painting, sculpture, in Verona.
Saverio Dalla Rosa | Biography
Born in Naples, Italy, Castelluccio moved with his family to Paterson, New Jersey, when he was three years old. In 1982, Castelluccio was awarded a full scholarship to the School of Visual Arts in New York City, where he earned a BFA in painting and media arts. Prior to winning the scholarship, he received an opportunity to create a painting for actor George Burns.
Federico Castelluccio | Early life
The "universal genius" Leonardo da Vinci was to further perfect the aspects of pictorial art (lighting, linear and atmospheric perspective, anatomy, foreshortening and characterisation) that had preoccupied artists of the Early Renaissance, in a lifetime of studying and meticulously recording his observations of the natural world. His adoption of oil paint as his primary media meant that he could depict light and its effects on the landscape and objects more naturally and with greater dramatic effect than had ever been done before, as demonstrated in the "Mona Lisa". His dissection of cadavers carried forward the understanding of skeletal and muscular anatomy, as seen in the unfinished "Saint Jerome in the Wilderness".
Renaissance art | High Renaissance in Italy, 1495–1520
C. Pedretti (ed.), "Leonardo Da Vinci on Painting: A Lost Book (Libro A)" (Los Angeles, 1964). C. Pedretti, "Leonardo: A Study in Chronology and Style" (Los Angeles, 1973). C. Pedretti, "Leonardo: The Machines" (Florence, 1999) (transl. Catherine Frost).
Carlo Pedretti | Selected bibliography
Luciano Nezzo (Badia Polesine, September, 1856 – Urbino, 1903) was an Italian painter, painting both history and genre subjects. The genre subjects are often poignant and dramatic. He was born in the Province of Rovigo in the Veneto. He showed an inclination to arts since a young age, and had locally as a first master Marco Vallerini. A local patron, sponsored his education at the Academy of Fine Arts of Venice, where he studied for ten years. At the age of twenty, he had already won a gold medal for his composition: "Tasso at Eleonora d'Este's deathbed" and "Leonardo da Vinci painting the Madonna Lisa".
Luciano Nezzo | Introduction
The painter's birthplace in Pieve di Cadore, in a locality named "Arsenale" between the castle and the village Sotto Castello, is open to visitors. Titian's wife, Cecilia, was also born in Cadore, the daughter of a barber.
Cadore | Introduction
In the mid-1460s, Leonardo's family moved to Florence, which at the time was the centre of Christian Humanist thought and culture. Around the age of 14, he became a "garzone" (studio boy) in the workshop of Andrea del Verrocchio, who was the leading Florentine painter and sculptor of his time. This was about the time of the death of Verrocchio's master, the great sculptor Donatello. Leonardo became an apprentice by the age of 17 and remained in training for seven years. Other famous painters apprenticed in the workshop or associated with it include Ghirlandaio, Perugino, Botticelli, and Lorenzo di Credi.
Leonardo da Vinci | Verrocchio's workshop
Leonardo Sconzani (1695-1735) was an Italian painter of the late-Baroque period.
Leonardo Sconzani | Introduction
He was born in Florence. After training with Agostino Veracini and Francesco Conti (painter) in Florence, Trabellesi studied architecture under Antonio Galli-Bibiena. He widened his experience by studying painting based on the works of Antonio da Correggio of Parma and those of painters from Bologna. In 1775, he became professor of painting at the Brera Academy of Milan, where his style reflected the reigning neoclassicism of Mengs. He painted in Milan for the residences of the Busca and Serbelloni. Among his pupils at the academy was Andrea Appiani. His drawings for the collection of portraits of illustrious Florentines was engraved by Giuseppe Allegrini and others.
Giulio Traballesi | Biography
Dies was born in Hanover (baptized 11 February 1755), and began his studies there. For one year he studied in the academy of Düsseldorf, and then he started at the age of twenty with thirty ducats in his pocket for Rome, studying briefly on the way in Mannheim and Basel. In Rome he lived a frugal life till 1796; his son Johannes (Giovanni) was born there in 1776. Copying pictures, chiefly by Salvator Rosa, for a livelihood, his taste led him to draw and paint from nature in Tivoli, Albano and other picturesque places in the vicinity of Rome. Naples, the birthplace of his favorite master, he visited more than once for the same reasons.
Albert Christoph Dies | As painter
Born in Turin, he painted historical works in the manner of Gaudenzio Ferrari. He was the brother of Marquis Massimo d'Azeglio. He became director of the Turin Gallery, and wrote several books on art. He died in his birthplace. The diplomat Vittorio Emanuele Taparelli d'Azeglio was his son.
Roberto d'Azeglio | Life
Leonardo da Vinci and A Memory of His Childhood () is a 1910 essay by Sigmund Freud about Leonardo da Vinci. It consists of a psychoanalytic study of Leonardo's life based on his paintings.
Leonardo da Vinci, A Memory of His Childhood | Introduction
Leonardo Borgese (20 December 1904 – 17 June 1986) was an Italian painter. His work was part of the painting event in the art competition at the 1932 Summer Olympics.
Leonardo Borgese | Introduction
The painting is now at the Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna in Rome. In 1913, he was awarded another gold medal for the "Torso of a Young Woman at an Exposition at Munich in Bavaria. In 1915, he won the Principe Umberto prize for a painting of "The Deposition". He painted portraits of "Signora Albanese" (Gold medal in 1924, Monza), "Wally Toscanini", "Padre Giovanni Semeria", "cleric Saule Radaelli", and "Maresciallo Enrico Caviglia". He had been named professor emeritus for the Academies of Genoa and Parma. He became a professor of painting at the Brera Academy.
Pietro Gaudenzi | Biography
He was born in Cagli and trained under Sebastiano Conca. He painted a "Birth of Venus" for the ceiling of the Palazzo Borghese in Rome.
Gaetano Lapis | Biography
Here we have Leonardo depicted as a middle-aged, blue-eyed man." Since that time the focus of attention and research has been directed at proving the painting to be the work of Leonardo da Vinci. The Vaglia Basilicata City Council then funded an investigation by a team of scientists, many of whom were from non-art related disciplines, to report upon anything which could be tested to either support or deny the attribution to Leonardo.
Lucan portrait of Leonardo da Vinci | Analysis
He was born in Florence, where he initially studied ornamentation with Vincenzo Saccardi, and at the age of 12 years, he apprenticed with Alessandro Maffei at the Academy of Fine Arts of Florence. At the age of 14, his right arm was amputated during a hunting accident. He then began to paint with his left arm, and by eighteen years of age, began to paint ceiling decorations. He studied figure painting with Paolo Sarti. In 1857, Baldancoli moved to Livorno to paint various ceilings in the Palazzi Papudoff and Maurocordato. Returning to Florence, he decorated the rooms for Conte Fossombroni with a design that recalled the Florentine Renaissance.
Pietro Baldancoli | Biography
He had already embarked on a serious attempt to teach himself how to paint when he was just twelve, and he was now inspired by the Senese countryside to resume his artistic studies through both practical endeavour and reading. Back in Florence he became a regular presence in the Gabinetto Vieusseux (library) where his energetic autodidacticism was again to the fore. He discovered the works of Gabriele D'Annunzio, a dominating presence in early twentieth century literature. He also ingested parts of the multi-volume compendium "la Storia della pittura in Italia" ("The History of Painting in Italy"), by Cavalcaselle and Crowe.
Emilio Cecchi | Provenance and early years
Bacchus, formerly Saint John the Baptist, is a painting in the Musée du Louvre, Paris, France, based on a drawing by the Italian Renaissance artist Leonardo da Vinci. It is presumed to have been executed by an unknown follower, perhaps in Leonardo's workshop. Sydney J. Freedberg assigns the drawing to Leonardo's second Milan period. Among the Lombard painters who have been suggested as possible authors are Cesare da Sesto, Marco d'Oggiono, Francesco Melzi, and Cesare Bernazzano. The painting shows a male figure with garlanded head and leopard skin, seated in an idyllic landscape. He points with his right hand off to his left, and with his left hand grasps his thyrsus and also points down to earth.
Bacchus (Leonardo) | Introduction
He painted a "Madonna and Child with young St John," now in the Pinacoteca Provinciale of Salerno.
Leonardo Antonio Olivieri | Biography
Painted in tempera grassa on panel, , it depicts a man in three-quarter view, with a long beard and wearing a dark hat. In 2019 it is being exhibited in Madrid along with other material related to Leonardo. It is usually in the Museo delle Antiche Genti di Lucania (Museum of the Ancient People of Lucania) in Vaglio Basilicata, a region of Southern Italy. In 2008 Nicola Barbatelli, Director of the Museo, discovered the painting, attributed it to Leonardo, and gave it the name "Lucan portrait", from Lucania, the ancient name of Basilicata. In 2010 a conference was held at which a team comprising David Bershad, Professor at University of Calgary (Canada), Peter Hohenstatt, Professor at the University of Parma, Felice Festa, Professor of Orthodontics and Gnathology at the D'Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara, and Nicola Barbatelli, presented the findings in support of Barbatelli's attribution.
Lucan portrait of Leonardo da Vinci | Introduction
He was "striking and handsome" and "marvellously endowed by heaven with beauty, grace [and] outstanding physical beauty", and "displayed infinite grace in everything he did".
Personal life of Leonardo da Vinci | Physical characteristics
Leonardo Brescia (1520–1582) was an Italian painter of the Renaissance period. He was born and active in Ferrara, and worked with Bastianino. He painted an "Assumption of the Virgin" for the church of II Gesu, an "Annunciation" for the Madonna del Buon Amore; and a "Resurrection" for Santa Monica. He also painted the "Virgin Mary" for the church of III Gesu, which was an "Annunciation" for the "Leonardo Da Vinci".
Leonardo Brescia | Introduction
Shaun Leonardo was born and raised in Queens, New York. His mother is from the Dominican Republic and his father is from Guatemala. "Growing up in Queens with immigrant parents Leonardo looked to pop culture for his role-models." Leonardo attended an all boys Jesuit Highschool. He earned his BA in Visual Arts, painting from Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine. Leonardo played American football while at Bowdoin. He went on to receive his Masters in Fine Art in Painting from the San Francisco Art Institute in 2005.
Shaun Leonardo | Early life and education
Upon its discovery by Nicola Barbatelli, the painting was subjected to an initial examination by Alessandro Vezzosi, director of the Museo Ideale Leonardo da Vinci at Vinci, who confirmed that the painting appeared to be from the Renaissance period. Vezzosi was reported, in February 2009, as investigating whether the painting was the work of a minor 16th-century artist Cristofano dell'Altissimo. Altissimo executed numerous portraits of famous men for Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, some of them after the Giovio Series, including a profile of Leonardo based on the red chalk profile drawing in the Royal Collection attributed to Leonardo's companion Francesco Melzi.
Lucan portrait of Leonardo da Vinci | Analysis
He was born in Ceneda, Vittorio Veneto. He was a pupil at the Academy of Fine Arts of Venice, where he won a number of awards. Forced into exile to avoid conscription into the Austrian armies, he fled to Florence in May 1866. With the end of the conflict, he returned to Venice, and began to paint portraits, genre, and historical subjects. He exhibited frequently from 1867 to 1882 at the yearly exhibitions of the Venetian Promotrice di Belle Arti. Among his works are: "Una cameriera", "Torquato Tasso", "Raffaello e la Fornarina", "Le donne al pozzo" (won first prize in 1872 at the Regional Exhibition at Treviso), "Le analfabete" (the illiterate), "L'orfanella", "Una calle a Venezia", "Dopo la messa", "Dopo il lavoro", and "Lettura".
Luigi da Rios | Biography
Onorio Ruotolo of the Leonardo da Vinci Art School in New York recognized Robert's talents as a child painter and accepted him as the youngest student in the school at nine years of age. Robert traveled alone daily to the school via the elevated subway from Maspeth, Queens then back home nine hours later. Carlos located the school through his acquaintance with Ruotolo, also from northern Italy. The School emphasized traditional European art training with extensive time spent drawing life size plaster casts of classical Greco Roman sculptures and extensive instruction on human anatomy. Robert was trained as Italian artists are trained as in the tradition of the Renaissance, where emphasis is first placed on drawing from classical Greek and Roman sculpture, before graduating to life model drawing and the study of perspective and then on to art history.
Robert Borgatta | Childhood
In January 1478, Leonardo received an independent commission to paint an altarpiece for the Chapel of St. Bernard in the Palazzo Vecchio, an indication of his independence from Verrocchio's studio. An anonymous early biographer, known as Anonimo Gaddiano, claims that in 1480 Leonardo was living with the Medici and often worked in the garden of the Piazza San Marco, Florence, where a Neoplatonic academy of artists, poets and philosophers organized by the Medici met. In March 1481, he received a commission from the monks of for "The Adoration of the Magi". Neither of these initial commissions were completed, being abandoned when Leonardo went to offer his services to Duke of Milan Ludovico Sforza.
Leonardo da Vinci | Professional life
Francesco Melzi, or Francesco de Melzi (1491–1570), was an Italian painter born into a family of the Milanese nobility in Lombardy. He was one of Leonardo da Vinci’s pupils.
Francesco Melzi | Introduction
This painting was to be his largest and most substantial work. Since he had a bad experience with fresco painting ("The Last Supper"; refectory of Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan), he wanted to apply oil colours on the wall. He began also to experiment with such a thick undercoat (possibly mingled with wax), that after he applied the colours, the paint began to drip. Trying to dry the painting in a hurry and save whatever he could, he hung large charcoal braziers close to the painting. Only the lower part could be saved in an intact state; the upper part couldn't dry fast enough and the colours intermingled.
The Battle of Anghiari (Leonardo) | History
He was born in Pantanolungo di Carolei in 1932, resides in Amantea. At 16 he won first prize at the "Fiera Campionaria" in Cosenza with a scholarship offered by the Chamber of Commerce. He achieved his maturity at the Art Institute and his drawing diploma at the "Liceo Artistico Mattia Preti" in Reggio Calabria under the guidance of the illustrious Art Historian prof. Alfonso Francipane. Then he dedicated himself to the teaching of artistic disciplines such as: Drawing and History of Art at the Higher Middle Schools and Artistic Education at the Middle Schools. He carried out and carries out his activity as a painter in his studio in Amantea where he still resides.
Orfeo Reda | Biography
Guido Cagnacci was born on 19 January 1601 in the small city of Santarcangelo di Romagna to Matteo Cagnacci, a tanner and furrier, and Livia Serra. His mother (Serra) came from the province of Cesena; the origins of his paternal family, however, are altogether uncertain. Some documents suggest that the Cagnacci came from Castel Durante, but it is also possible that they hailed from Rimini, where Matteo moved in 1618. Not much is known about Guido's early life or training as a painter, though he is widely characterized as an autodidact. According to Giovan Battista Costa (the artist's eighteenth-century biographer), Cagnacci "had been given such marvelous talent from nature to become a painter that he began to practice this noble art all by himself and one could say almost without master." It was probably due to this precocious talent that Matteo Cagnacci ultimately decided to send his son away his birthplace for more formal training.
Guido Cagnacci | Biography
This is a list of things named after Leonardo da Vinci.
List of things named after Leonardo da Vinci | Introduction
He was born in Rome. Few details are known of his life. He trained in Rome, and earned a living painting portraits for foreign visitors including Oswald von Mering of Cologne (1793), C.W. Schuller of Rotterdam, and the French prefect Fauchet. He painted also sacred subjects including two canvases for the Livorno Cathedral, depicting the "Sacrifice by Abraham", and "Moses ascends Mount Sinai". In Pisa there is a canvas depicting the "Capture of Troy".
Francesco Pascucci | Biography
Leonardo was given an allowance of 33 ducats a month, and according to Vasari, decorated a lizard with scales dipped in quicksilver. The pope gave him a painting commission of unknown subject matter, but cancelled it when the artist set about developing a new kind of varnish. Leonardo became ill, in what may have been the first of multiple strokes leading to his death. He practiced botany in the Gardens of Vatican City, and was commissioned to make plans for the pope's proposed draining of the Pontine Marshes. He also dissected cadavers, making notes for a treatise on vocal cords; these he gave to an official in hopes of regaining the pope's favor, but was unsuccessful.
Leonardo da Vinci | Old age and death
Sherman Drexler was born in Brooklyn, New York in 1925. He spent his infancy in Seagate, Coney Island but he grew up mainly in the Bronx. Drexler began painting at an early age; he took up and painting in earnest when he was 17 years old, modelling his work after Henri Matisse and Amadeo Modigliani. He was admitted to University of California, Berkeley as an English major, but began studying the works of Old Masters, Da Vinci in particular, and left Berkeley without completing his studies there. He earned his degree a decade later when he returned to receive a B.F.A.
Sherman Drexler | Early life
The Death of Leonardo da Vinci is an 1818 painting by the French artist Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres, showing the painter Leonardo da Vinci dying, with Francis I of France holding his head. It was commissioned by the Pierre Louis Jean Casimir de Blacas, the French ambassador in Rome, and now hangs in the Petit Palais in Paris.
The Death of Leonardo da Vinci | Introduction
Ferrulli was born in Brindisi on 1 January 1918. In 1935, he enrolled in the air force, entering flight training at the Benevento Flight School before the age of 18 years. After completing his training as a military pilot, he was assigned to the 4° Stormo.
Leonardo Ferrulli | Early life
Bistolfi was born in Casale Monferrato in Piedmont, north-west Italy, to Giovanni Bistolfi, a sculptor in wood, and to Angela Amisano. In 1876 he enrolled in the Brera Art Academy in Milan, where his teacher was Giosuè Argenti. In 1880 he studied under Odoardo Tabacchi at the Accademia Albertina in Turin.
Leonardo Bistolfi | Biography
He emigrated from Naples to New York in 1892 and New York remained his base for the next 27 years. He became a naturalized U.S. citizen in 1895. Painting commissions and teaching led him to other American cities including Boston, Massachusetts; San Francisco, California; Indianapolis, Indiana, and Brattleboro, Vermont. He returned to Italy in 1919 to live full-time, though he continued to travel to the U.S. for work until 1931. Wherever he was based, he always went back to the other country to work for extended periods.
Donatus Buongiorno | Residences and nationality
Francesco was born in Catanzaro, Calabria. By age 19, he had joined the army but soon sought scholarships to study art. Unsuccessful, he emigrated to Paris, where he frequented the École des Beaux-Arts as a student of the sculptors Thomas and Injalbert. Funding his study as a laborer and handyman, he encountered the painters Picasso, Matisse, and Modigliani; yet his style would remain more classic and academic. In 1909, he first exhibited with the "Salon des Artistes Français"; he would continue exhibiting in this forum, including works such as "The Poverty" (1911); "Victory of David" and "Napoleon on Horseback" (1912); "The Heroes of the Sea" (1913); "The Last Effort" (1914); "The Pain", "Solitude", and "Love Disarmed" (1920); portraits (1923); a bust (1924); "Faunesse enviree" (1927); and "La baccante" (1930).
Francesco La Monaca | Biography
He was born in Villafranca di Verona near Verona. He initially studied under Saverio della Rosa, and afterwards in the Academy of Milan, and was a prominent portrait miniature painter of his day.
Jacopo Tumicelli | Biography
Leonardo was a prolific draughtsman, keeping journals full of small sketches and detailed drawings recording all manner of things that took his attention. As well as the journals there exist many studies for paintings, some of which can be identified as preparatory to particular works such as "The Adoration of the Magi", "The Virgin of the Rocks" and "The Last Supper". His earliest dated drawing is a "Landscape of the Arno Valley", 1473, which shows the river, the mountains, Montelupo Castle and the farmlands beyond it in great detail. According to art historian Ludwig Heydenreich, this is "The first true landscape in art." Massimo Polidoro says that it was the first landscape "not to be the background of some religious scene or a portrait.
Leonardo da Vinci | Drawings
He was born at Rovato, in Brescian territory, and studied first under Fioravante Ferramola. Others state he trained with Vincenzo Foppa. His brothers Pietro and Jacopo were also painters. He may have apprenticed with Titian in Venice and modelled his earlier portrait-painting on the Venetian style. On the other hand, the style also resembles that of Giorgione or late Bellini. He conceived a great enthusiasm for Raphael, though he never traveled to Rome; on the other hand, his classical serenity resembles that shown by Leonardo and his followers in Lombardy such as Bramantino. He may have consulted with his contemporary Girolamo Savoldo.
Moretto da Brescia | Biography
In the style of Leonardo he also painted a "St. John", which is now in the Zecca at Milan. Among his early paintings there is, besides the altar-piece, a "Last Supper" in the Dominican monastery, and a "Madonna" in fresco in Santa Anastasia at Verona. He died of the plague at Mantua. Another brother of Francesco, Fra Cherubino Bonsignori, excelled in miniature painting.
Girolamo Bonsignori | Life
Leonardo da Pistoia, also known as Leonardo Grazia, (1502 – ca. 1548) was an Italian painter of the Mannerism school.
Leonardo da Pistoia | Introduction
He began as a student of architecture, but then studied painting, only to join the military, and later, law. He studied painting with Francesco Mancini (1830-1905). By 1869, he settled again to paint, and among his works are "Orlando Furioso" (exhibited at Florence); "L'arrivo alla barriera", (exhibited at Rome) ; "A Field of Goats" and "A Market" (exhibited at the Promotrice of Naples); "La caccia alle farfalle" e "Una rosa fra le spine" (exhibited at 1887 Exposition of Naples).
Salvatore Guidotti | Biography
The painting, in tempera grassa on a wooden panel made of poplar is of a man dressed in a dark garment, wearing a black hat with a small upturned brim. The man's skin is pale, his eyes blue and his hair and beard greying. The figure is set against a dark greyish monochrome background and is brightly lit from the left of the picture, illuminating the right-hand side of the sitters face, and casting a shadow across the left-hand side. The gaze of the figure is turned towards the viewer. The identification of this portrait as Leonardo da Vinci is based upon comparison with several representations of the artist including a very similar portrait in the Uffizi, the red chalk portrait in Turin and the red chalk portrait by Francesco Melzi in Windsor and others.
Lucan portrait of Leonardo da Vinci | Description