Mauna Kea's coastline is dominated by the Hamakua Coast, an area of rugged terrain created by frequent slumps and landslides on the volcano's flank. The area includes several recreation parks including Kalopa State Recreation Area, Wailuku River State Park and Akaka Falls State Park. There are over 3,000 registered hunters on Hawaii island, and hunting, for both recreation and sustenance, is a common activity on Mauna Kea. A public hunting program is used to control the numbers of introduced animals including pigs, sheep, goats, turkey, pheasants, and quail. The Mauna Kea State Recreation Area functions as a base camp for the sport.
Recreation
Mauna Kea
Mauna Kea | Recreation
Recreation parks, hunting, multiple hiking trails, Star Gazing. The area includes several recreation parks including Kalopa State Recreation Area, Wailuku River State Park and Akaka Falls State Park. The area includes several recreation parks including Kalopa State Recreation Area, Wailuku River State Park and Akaka Falls State Park. Kalopa State Recreation Area, Wailuku River State Park and Akaka Falls State Park.
when was the last time mauna loa volcano erupted
user
March 24 to April 15, 1984.
assistant
what is the main entity?
user
It is one of five volcanoes that form the Island of Hawaii in the U.S. state of Hawaiʻi in the Pacific Ocean.
assistant
what is its weather like?
user
It has a tropical climate with warm temperatures at lower elevations and cool to cold temperatures higher up year-round.
assistant
who monitors this volcano?
user
The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, a branch of the United States Geological Survey.
assistant
who founded it ?
user
Thomas A. Jaggar.
assistant
where is it located?
user
A temporary offices located in Hilo on the Island of Hawaii.
assistant
mention few volcanoes it monitors?
user
Kīlauea, Mauna Loa, Hualālai, and Haleakalā.
assistant
name few dangers of the second?
user
It is a sudden, massive collapse of the volcano's flanks,  large earthquakes could trigger rapid flank collapses along these lines, creating massive landslides and possibly triggering equally large tsunamis.
assistant
any recent updates seen in the third?
user
The 2006 Kiholo Bay earthquake.
assistant
where did this natural calamity occur?
user
The epicenter was just to the north in Kiholo Bay near Māhukona.
assistant
mention few destructions it caused?
user
Significant structural damages at least 61 buildings were destroyed and red-tagged by officials, roads and bridges collapsed or had deep cracks.
assistant
any electrical failure associated with it?
user
Power plants automatically shut off power to prevent damage, and generators tripped on Oahu, causing overloads in the electrical grid.
assistant
any observatory body associated ?
user
Yes, a number of the telescopes at the Mauna Kea Observatories sustained minor damage, primarily Kecks 1 and 2 at the W. M. Keck Observatory, and the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope.
assistant
where is the last situated?
user
It is located near the summit of Mauna Kea mountain on Hawaii's Big Island.
assistant
how is the weather of the mountain just mentioned?
user
It has an alpine climate, the average monthly temperature remains above freezing throughout the year.
assistant
mention few leisure places ?
user
Mauna Kea has an alpine climate. Due to the influence of its tropical latitude, temperature swings are very low in spite of its high elevation. Frosts are common year round, but the average monthly temperature remains above freezing throughout the year. Snow may fall at an altitude of and above in any month, but occurs most often from October to April. A weather station was operated from 1972 to 1982; however, only 33 months within this period have temperature records; many months have data for only two years. The temperatures presented below are smoothed averages, not the raw numbers recorded by NOAA.
Mauna Kea | Climate
Birdwatching is also common at lower levels on the mountain. A popular site is "Kīpuka Puu Huluhulu", a kīpuka on Mauna Kea's flank that formed when lava flows isolated the forest on a hill. Mauna Kea's great height and the steepness of its flanks provide a better view and a shorter hike than the adjacent Mauna Loa. The height with its risk of altitude sickness, weather concerns, steep road grade, and overall inaccessibility make the volcano dangerous and summit trips difficult. Until the construction of roads in the mid-20th century, only the hardy visited Mauna Kea's upper slopes; hunters tracked game animals, and hikers traveled up the mountain.
Mauna Kea | Recreation
The summit of Mauna Kea is so high that tourists are advised to stop at the visitor station for at least 30 minutes to acclimate to atmospheric conditions before continuing to the summit, and scientists often stay at Hale Pōhaku for eight hours or more before spending a full night at observatories on the summit, with some telescopes requiring observers to spend one full night at Hale Pōhaku before working at the summit.
Mauna Kea Observatories | Location
One study reported that around a third of visitors and two thirds of professional astronomers working on the mountain have experienced symptoms of acute altitude sickness; visitors traveling up the volcano's flanks are advised to stop for at least half an hour and preferably longer at the visitor center to acclimate to the higher elevation. It is strongly recommended to use a four-wheel drive vehicle to drive all the way to the top. Brakes often overheat on the way down and there is no fuel available on Mauna Kea. A free Star Gazing Program was previously held at the VIS every night from 6-10 pm, with the program canceled due to both a change in operating hours and closure due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
Mauna Kea | Recreation
The Mauna Kea Trail, also known as the Humuʻula Trail, is a hiking route leading from the Onizuka Center for International Astronomy to the summit of Mauna Kea, the highest volcano on the island of Hawaii. The trail is a long, unmaintained dirt and scree path with two short road sections, about at the beginning and about near the summit. Cairns and reflective posts mark the route above . The summit region is typically very cold, and winter storms can deposit up to of snow in January and February. Astronomical instruments are located near the summit since the atmosphere is substantially thinner at higher elevations than at sea level.
Mauna Kea Trail | Introduction
Temperatures vary widely on the summit plateau, with extremes of 13.5 and 37.5 °C recorded over a five-day period.
Maringma-tepui | Introduction
Mauna Loa has a tropical climate with warm temperatures at lower elevations and cool to cold temperatures higher up year-round. Below is the table for the slope observatory, which is at in the alpine zone. The highest recorded temperature was and the lowest was on February 18, 2003 and February 20, 1962, respectively.
Mauna Loa | Climate
The Keck Observatory on the summit has a visitor gallery which is usually open between 10am and 4pm on weekdays, and free tours of the Subaru Telescope can be reserved on its web site, but otherwise only observatory staff and visiting scientists are allowed inside observatory facilities. Some commercial tours continue from the center to the summit daily, from morning twilight before sunrise until it is closed to the public after sunset. Other Mauna Kea recreation opportunities include Mauna Kea State Recreation Area, and the Mauna Kea Trail which leads from the VIS through the Mauna Kea Ice Age Reserve to the summit.
Onizuka Center for International Astronomy | Related sites
Between 5,000 and 6,000 people visit the summit of Mauna Kea each year, and to help ensure safety, and protect the integrity of the mountain, a ranger program was implemented in 2001.
Mauna Kea | Recreation
Historical records suggest the Mauna Kea silversword was once dominant on Mauna Kea, adapting particularly well to wind-swept exposed alpine desert at altitudes of . In this region, humidity is virtually zero and precipitation is generally in the form of winter snow. Mean annual rainfall is less than per year, chiefly during the winter, with extreme drought during the summer. There is no shade from the hot tropical sun nor protection from nighttime temperatures which fall below freezing any time of year. The soil is thin, rocky, volcanic cinder. At the upper ranges of this habitat, no other plants grow.
Mauna Kea silversword | Original habitat
The weather on the mountain can be very erratic, sometimes severe. The annual average temperature at the peak is . During summer, temperatures of about or higher can be reached, and during winter temperatures can drop to . The lowest record temperature was on 2 January 1997. The average temperature is about in January, and in July, remaining below freezing for eight months of the year. The average wind speed is , peaking at . The relative humidity averages 74%.
Paektu Mountain | Climate
Mauna Kea's coastline is dominated by the Hamakua Coast, an area of rugged terrain created by frequent slumps and landslides on the volcano's flank. The area includes several recreation parks including Kalopa State Recreation Area, Wailuku River State Park and Akaka Falls State Park. There are over 3,000 registered hunters on Hawaii island, and hunting, for both recreation and sustenance, is a common activity on Mauna Kea. A public hunting program is used to control the numbers of introduced animals including pigs, sheep, goats, turkey, pheasants, and quail. The Mauna Kea State Recreation Area functions as a base camp for the sport.
Mauna Kea | Recreation
The location is near ideal because of its dark skies from lack of light pollution, good astronomical seeing, low humidity, high elevation of , position above most of the water vapor in the atmosphere, clean air, good weather and low latitude location.
Mauna Kea Observatories | Introduction
On the "Big Island" of Hawaiʻi, Mauna Kea is considered the highest island mountain in the world. While the summit is often covered with snow, the air is extremely dry. Kuiper began looking into the possibility of an observatory on Mauna Kea. After testing, he discovered the low humidity was perfect for infrared signals. He persuaded Hawaiʻi Governor John A. Burns to bulldoze a dirt road to the summit where he built a small telescope on Puu Poliahu, a cinder cone peak. The peak was the second highest on the mountain with the highest peak being holy ground, so Kuiper avoided it.
Mauna Kea Observatories | Origin and background
Mauna Kea's summit is one of the best sites in the world for astronomical observation due to favorable observing conditions. The arid conditions are important for submillimeter and infrared astronomy for this region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The summit is above the inversion layer, keeping most cloud cover below the summit and ensuring the air on the summit is dry, and free of atmospheric pollution. The summit atmosphere is exceptionally stable, lacking turbulence for some of the world's best astronomical seeing. The very dark skies resulting from Mauna Kea's distance from city lights are preserved by legislation that minimizes light pollution from the surrounding area; the darkness level allows the observation of faint astronomical objects.
Mauna Kea | Summit observatories
Mauna Kea State Recreation Area also known as Mauna Kea State Park, is a state of Hawaii protected area at the southern base of Mauna Kea. The park is administered by the Hawai'i Department of Land and Natural Resources. The park is located on Saddle Road (Route 200) west of Hilo, at with about elevation. Facilities include restrooms, cabins and camping, trash cans, and a picnic area. water improvements are planned. Wild pigs and sheep can be hunted in the area. The dry shrublands get cold at night due to the elevation. The nearby Bradshaw Field, a military airstrip on the Pohakuloa Training Area, and artillery practices can disturb the quiet of the site.
Mauna Kea State Recreation Area | Introduction
The summit of Mauna Kea is a bleak, cold apparently lifeless place with cinder cones on a plateau of lava, but there are a number of organisms that have adapted to the inhospitable environment. These include lichens, algae, mosses, insects, spiders and other small arthropods. There are at least twelve species of endemic arthropods living there, and the community is largely dependent on the wind-blown insects that are deposited there. Unlike most other lygaeids, which eat seeds, the wēkiu bug has adapted to feed on insects that are blown up to the top of the mountain and die. This is not as small a resource as it might seem; snow packs at the summit are often covered with hundreds of them.
Nysius wekiuicola | Ecology
There is a tented camp on the west bank of the lake which provides accommodation for tourists. Due to the high altitude, the climate is extreme in the winter; temperatures below -40 °C (-40 °F) are not uncommon. In the summer the temperature rises above 30 °C (86 °F), with extreme fluctuations during the day. Precipitation in the form of either rain or snow is extremely rare.
Tso Kar | Geography and climate
The reserve was established in 1981. In 1998, the area leased to the Mauna Kea Observatory (called the Kea Science Reserve) was modified to exclude the Ice Age reserve. Another small parcel surrounding the rocky cinder cone called Puu Pōhaku at , contains a rare example of permafrost in the tropics. A 2004 study found the rare wēkiu bug ("Nysius wekiuicola") in the reserve.
Mauna Kea Ice Age Reserve | Location
The summit of Mauna Kea lies above the tree line, and consists of mostly lava rock and alpine tundra. An area of heavy snowfall, it is inhospitable to vegetation, and is known as the Hawaiian tropical high shrublands. Growth is restricted here by extremely cold temperatures, a short growing season, low rainfall, and snow during winter months. A lack of soil also retards root growth, makes it difficult to absorb nutrients from the ground, and gives the area a very low water retention capacity. Plant species found at this elevation include "Styphelia tameiameiae", "Taraxacum officinale", "Tetramolopium humile", "Agrostis sandwicensis", "Anthoxanthum odoratum", "Trisetum glomeratum", "Poa annua", "Sonchus oleraceus", and "Coprosma ernodiodes".
Mauna Kea | Alpine environment
Mauna Kea can be ecologically divided into three sections: an alpine climate at its summit, a "Sophora chrysophylla"–"Myoporum sandwicense" (or māmane–naio) forest on its flanks, and an "Acacia koa"–"Metrosideros polymorpha" (or koa–ōhia) forest, now mostly cleared by the former sugar industry, at its base. In recent years, concern over the vulnerability of the native species has led to court cases that have forced the Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources to eradicate all feral species on the volcano. With its high elevation, dry environment, and stable airflow, Mauna Kea's summit is one of the best sites in the world for astronomical observation.
Mauna Kea | Introduction
The mountaintop has a borderline alpine climate (Köppen climate classification "ET") along with Subtropical Highland climate (Köppen "Cwc"/"Cwb") in the nearby surroundings terrain.
Nat Ma Taung | Climate
These travelers used stone cabins constructed by the Civilian Conservation Corps in the 1930s as base camps, and it is from these facilities that the modern mid-level Onizuka Center for International Astronomy telescope support complex is derived. The first Mauna Kea summit road was built in 1964, making the peak accessible to more people. Today, multiple hiking trails exist, including the Mauna Kea Trail, and by 2007 over 100,000 tourists and 32,000 vehicles were going each year to the Visitor Information Station (VIS) adjacent to the Onizuka Center for International Astronomy. The Mauna Kea Access Road is paved up to the Center at .
Mauna Kea | Recreation
In Hawaiian mythology, the summit of Mauna Kea was seen as the "region of the gods", a place where benevolent spirits reside. Poliahu, deity of snow, also resides there. "Mauna Kea" means "white mountain," in reference to its seasonally snow-capped summit.
Mauna Kea | Native history
Phu Kradueng National Park is in the area around the mountain. Average daily temperature is 20 °C in the daytime. Between December and January the nightly temperature can sink to 2 °C. The mountaintop is covered in mist both during the rainy season as well as during the cooler months. The park is closed to visitors during the rainy season (1 June - 30 September).
Phu Kradueng | Protected area
The summer temperature very rarely reaches 100 degrees Fahrenheit on the mountaintop and the hottest average temperature during the summer in the park is 90 degrees Fahrenheit.
Mount Magazine | Summer
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Nagishlamina is located in a subarctic climate zone, with long, cold, snowy winters, and cool summers. Temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C. This climate supports the Harpoon and Capps Glaciers surrounding the peak. Precipitation runoff from the mountain and meltwater from its glaciers empties into Cook Inlet. The months May through June offer the most favorable weather for viewing or climbing the peak.
Mount Nagishlamina | Climate
However, vehicular access to the summit was practically impossible until the construction of a road in 1964, and it continues to be restricted. Today, multiple trails to the summit exist, in various states of use.
Mauna Kea | Ascents
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Hayes is located in a subarctic climate zone with long, cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C. This climate supports glaciers on its slopes including the Hayes Glacier. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into tributaries of the Tanana River drainage basin. The months May through June offer the most favorable weather for climbing or viewing.
Mount Hayes | Climate
The park is generally cool all year round, with temperatures rarely rising above 25° Celsius. The temperature occasionally drops below freezing.
Phu Hin Rong Kla National Park | Climate
The altitude and isolation in the middle of the Pacific Ocean makes Mauna Kea one of the best locations on earth for ground-based astronomy. It is an ideal location for submillimeter, infrared and optical observations. The seeing statistics show that Mauna Kea is the best site in terms of optical and infrared image quality; for example, the CFHT site has a median seeing of 0.43 arcseconds. Accommodations for research astronomers are located at the Onizuka Center for International Astronomy (often called Hale Pōhaku), by unpaved steep road from the summit at above sea level. An adjacent visitor information station is located at .
Mauna Kea Observatories | Location
The climate is tropical, typical of medium elevations, with the dry period of the year occurring between July and October and the wet period occurring between November and March. The average elevation is above sea level.
Paraúna | Climate
Trade winds blow from east to west across the Hawaiian islands, and the presence of Mauna Loa strongly affects the local climate. At low elevations, the eastern (windward) side of the volcano receives heavy rain; the city of Hilo is the wettest in the United States. The rainfall supports extensive forestation. The western (leeward) side has a much drier climate. At higher elevations, the amount of precipitation decreases, and skies are very often clear. Very low temperatures mean that precipitation often occurs in the form of snow, and the summit of Mauna Loa is described as a "periglacial" region, where freezing and thawing play a significant role in shaping the landscape.
Mauna Loa | Climate
On May 21, 1981 it was added to the state register as site 10-23-4136. Lake Waiau is located even further up the trail within the reserve.
Mauna Kea Ice Age Reserve | Quarry
This ecosystem is a likely haven for the threatened uau ("Pterodroma sandwichensis") and also the center of a study on wēkiu bugs ("Nysius wekiuicola").
Mauna Kea | Alpine environment
The mountain now contains several guest houses built to resemble French villas, some are abandoned, but a few still remain operational as of May 2017. The top of the mountain is a popular picnicking location with locals who come there to take photographs on the mountain top.
Mount Mẫu Sơn | Introduction
In the alpine zone, annual precipitation decreases to . The average temperature in the summit area is approximately . Nighttime surface temperatures on the Northern Ice Field (NIF) fall on average to with an average daytime high of . During nights of extreme radiational cooling, the NIF can cool to as low as .
Mount Kilimanjaro | Climate
Mauna Kea ( or , ) is a dormant volcano on the island of Hawaii. Its peak is above sea level, making it the highest point in the state of Hawaii. Most of the volcano is underwater, and when measured from its underwater base, Mauna Kea is the tallest mountain in the world, measuring in height. Mauna Kea is about a million years old, and has thus passed the most active shield stage of life hundreds of thousands of years ago. In its current post-shield state, its lava is more viscous, resulting in a steeper profile. Late volcanism has also given it a much rougher appearance than its neighboring volcanoes due to construction of cinder cones, decentralization of its rift zones, glaciation on its peak, and weathering by the prevailing trade winds.
Mauna Kea | Introduction
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Eielson is located in a subarctic climate zone with long, cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C. The months May through June offer the most favorable weather for climbing or viewing. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains north into tributaries of the McKinley River, which in turn is part of in the Tanana River drainage basin.
Mount Eielson | Climate
In the winter, temperatures have been known to drop down to the 30s and 40s at Kōkeʻe state park, which holds an unofficial record low of recorded in February 1986 at Kanaloahuluhulu Meadow. Precipitation in Kauai's mountainous regions averages annually. Situated about southeast of Kōkeʻe state park at an elevation of , is the Mt. Waialeale rain gauge. Mt. Waialeale is often cited in literature as being the wettest spot on earth, although this has been disputed. Based on data for the period from 1931 through 1960, the average yearly precipitation was (U.S. Environmental Science Services Administration, 1968). Between 1949 and 2004, the average yearly precipitation at Mt.
Kauai | Climate
The summit of Mount Emei has an alpine subarctic climate (Köppen "Dwc"), with long, cold (but not severely so) winters, and short, cool summers. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from in January to in July, and the annual mean is . Precipitation is common year-round (occurring on more than 250 days), but due to the influence of the monsoon, rainfall is especially heavy in summer, and more than 70% of the annual total occurs from June to September.
Mount Emei | Climate
During the dry season the mountain almost always follows the same daily weather pattern. Large daily temperature fluctuations occur which led Hedberg to exclaim "winter every night and summer every day." There is variation in minimum and maximum temperatures day to day, but the standard deviation of the mean hourly pattern is small. A typical day is clear and cool in the morning with low humidity. The mountain is in direct sunlight which causes the temperatures to rise quickly with the warmest temperatures occurring between 0900 and 1200. This corresponds to a maximum in the pressure, usually around 10 am.
Mount Kenya | Daily pattern
There is no meteorological station at the mountain itself and the closest one is located at the village of Papingo. The overall climate of the Vikos–Aoös National Park which includes the mountain is Mediterranean, transitioning to continental. The Mediterranean character is characterized by the annual distribution of precipitation, high in the winter months and experiencing a drought period of two to three months in summer. The continental climatic element is attributed to the high amplitude of annual temperature variation, to such a degree that the difference between mean maximum and mean minimum annual temperature, exceeds . Extremely low temperatures occur in the area during the winter months.
Tymfi | Climate
Bookings for the hut are also made through Te Rūnanga o Ngāti Porou. Visitors are advised to be cautious of the mountain's unpredictable weather, and to bring clothing suitable for all weather conditions. Hunting of introduced species is permitted in the nearby Raukumara Forest Park.
Mount Hikurangi (Gisborne District) | Recreation
This peak is covered with snow in the winter season and temperature falls below zero degrees Celsius. In the summer season it seems green.
Malika Dhuri | Introduction
The reserve is accessed from the Saddle Road (Hawaii Route 200), about northwest of Hilo. At , the Mauna Kea access road leads to the north at about elevation. The road was unofficially named for John A. Burns who was Governor of Hawaii when it was built in 1964. The land is part of the Natural Area Reserves System administered by the Hawaiʻi Department of Land and Natural Resources. The reserve lies above the Onizuka Center for International Astronomy, to the west of the road starting at an elevation of about at . It extends to just below the summit area of Mauna Kea Observatory, at about elevation at .
Mauna Kea Ice Age Reserve | Location
Keanapuka Mountain is a mountain located on the Hawaiian Island of Kauai. It rises 4,000 ft above the ocean floor and is located near the border of Na Pali Coast State Park. Due to its location, the mountain receives intense amounts of rain.
Keanapuka Mountain | Introduction
Ecosystems on the mountain form concentric rings along its slopes due to changes in temperature and precipitation with elevation. These ecosystems can be roughly divided into three sections by elevation: alpine–subalpine, montane, and basal forest. Contact with Americans and Europeans in the early 19th century brought more settlers to the island, and had a lasting negative ecological effect. On lower slopes, vast tracts of koa–ōhia forest were converted to farmland. Higher up, feral animals that escaped from ranches found refuge in, and damaged extensively, Mauna Kea's native māmane–naio forest. Non-native plants are the other serious threat; there are over 4,600 introduced species on the island, whereas the number of native species is estimated at just 1,000.
Mauna Kea | Background
It is located in the hills with an altitude of 200–860 meters. Its highest point is on Mount Ketra (860 m). Datar has a tropical climate with dry and rainy seasons. Daytime temperatures range from 23 - 31 degrees Celsius.
Datar, Cilacap | Geography
During the dry season the mountain almost always follows the same daily weather pattern. Large daily temperature fluctuations occur which led Hedberg to exclaim "winter every night and summer every day." There is variation in minimum and maximum temperatures day to day, but the standard deviation of the mean hourly pattern is small. A typical day is clear and cool in the morning with low humidity. The mountain is in direct sunlight which causes the temperatures to rise quickly with the warmest temperatures occurring between 9 am and midday. This corresponds to a maxima in the pressure, usually around 10am.
Climate of Mount Kenya | Daily pattern
Thera are several Mountain hut around Mount Kasa. Around Shin-Hotaka-Onsen, there are many hot spring (Onsen) to take the tiredness and to relax.
Mount Kasa | Mountain hut
Temperatures range annually from .
Keo Seima Wildlife Sanctuary | Landscape and climate
Mauna Kea Observatory on the summit, an ideal location for astronomical seeing, is under the jurisdiction of the University of Hawaii Institute for Astronomy.
Hawaii Route 200 | Saddle Road
The temperature of Mount Kinabalu usually stands from −4 °C to 8 °C in December to January, and 3 °C to 12 °C in June to September. Due to the coldness of the mountain in December to January, sometimes frost and ice appears at the summit of Mount Kinabalu. However, occurrence of snow has been recorded once at the end of 20th century.
Mount Kinabalu | Temperature
The lowest temperature recorded in a mountain was estimated at 7 °C below zero, in the winter of 1917, and the maximum temperature recorded in the summer of 1996, which reached 45 °C, and if we moved to the climatic factor, we find that the largest amount of rain known between the period from 1913 to 1973. N'Gaous has cold and rainy winters and heat and drought in the summer, indeed the coldness is mentioned by ancient historians.
N'Gaous | Climate
Wanaka is host to outdoor recreation and tourism activities with hiking, mountain biking, mountaineering, rock climbing, fishing, paragliding, kayaking, rafting, jetboating, and environmental activities. Wanaka has a sunny climate and serves as an access point to the highest New Zealand mountain outside of the Mount Cook region: Mount Aspiring/Tititea. Mount Aspiring National Park is popular for mountaineering and hiking. Tourists enjoy day trips into the park and many tourists go hiking in the park for up to a week at a time. Parts of the Matukituki Valley on the road to the park are popular for rock climbing, and for day walks.
Wanaka | Summer
According to the Köppen climate classification system, Lassen Volcanic National Park has a Mediterranean-influenced warm-summer Humid continental climate ("Dsb"). According to the United States Department of Agriculture, the Plant Hardiness zone at Kohm Yah-mah-nee Visitor Center at elevation is 6b with an average annual extreme minimum temperature of . Since the entire park is located at medium to high elevations, the park generally has cool-cold winters and warm summers below . Above this elevation, the climate is harsh and cold, with cool summer temperatures. Precipitation within the park is high to very high due to a lack of a rain shadow from the Coast Ranges.
Lassen Volcanic National Park | Climate
Ma'an has a cold desert climate (Köppen climate classification "BWk"), with hot summers and mild to cold winters due to its high altitude (above 1000 meters). Rainfall is extremely rare with an average of 44 mm a year only.
Ma'an | Climate
Based on the Köppen climate classification, it is located in a subarctic climate with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Temperatures can drop below -20 C with wind chill factors below -30 C. Weather conditions during summer months are optimum for climbing.
Mount Lady Macdonald | Climate
The mountain's geochemistry differs from its neighbors. Griggs has active sulfurous fumaroles. Snowy Mountain is a small volcano tall, with ten significant glaciers covering almost all of the mountain. Roughly a third to half of the mountain has been eroded by glacial action. The volcano has two vents about apart, and active fumaroles at the tallest summit. Mount Denison is a peak with four related vents at the head of three glaciers, the tallest point in the park. Mount Kukak is another ice-covered volcano, tall. It has a strong fumarole field near the summit. Devils Desk is a heavily eroded stratovolcano, high.
Katmai National Park and Preserve | Volcanoes
From the area is predominantly a'a lava flows and is not as steep. At the road forks, with one path going to Lake Waiau and the other fork to the summit. At , the trail intersects and follows the Mauna Kea Access Road, including two switchbacks, to the Mauna Kea Observatories at . A final trail segment leads to the summit. Since the mountain is considered sacred to the Native Hawaiians, a sign is posted asking visitors to not access the summit cinder cone, which is named Puʻu Wekiu. The sign reads:
Mauna Kea Trail | Introduction
This led the Department of Land and Natural Resources to prepare an initial management plan, drafted in 1977 and supplemented in 1980. In January 1982, the UH Board of Regents approved a plan to support the continued development of scientific facilities at the site. In 1998, were transferred from the observatory lease to supplement the Mauna Kea Ice Age Reserve. The 1982 plan was replaced in 2000 by an extension designed to serve until 2020: it instituted an Office of Mauna Kea Management, designated for astronomy, and shifted the remaining to "natural and cultural preservation". This plan was further revised to address concern expressed in the Hawaiian community that a lack of respect was being shown toward the cultural values of the mountain.
Mauna Kea | Summit observatories
The monument is cool and moist year round with average daytime temperatures between 40 and 70 degrees Fahrenheit (). Rainfall is heavy during the winter and summers are almost completely dry with the exception of fog drip caused by the fog passing through the trees. Annual precipitation in the park ranges from 39.4 inches (1,000 mm) in the lower valley to 47.2 inches () higher up in the mountain slopes.
Muir Woods National Monument | Climate
Phu Kradueng is a cool and comfortable all year round. The average temperature is 15 °C. In the cool season, temperatures on the coldest nights reach freezing. In the rainy season, the weather can change quickly. Fog and low clouds tend to hang low over the landscape. Cliffs may collapse under their own weight after the soil which underlies the sandstone cap is eroded by heavy rain. Heavy rains can also cause flash floods in the streams which run down the mountain. Thus, the park is closed between June and September every year for visitor safety and forest rejuvenation.
Phu Kradueng National Park | Climate
At Whakapapa Village (1119 m) the average annual rainfall is about 2200 mm, in Ohakune (610 m) about 1250 mm and in higher altitudes, such as Iwikau Village (1770 m), about 4900 mm. In winter there is snow to about 1500 m. Temperatures vary dramatically, even within one day. In Whakapapa, they can fall below the freezing point all year round. The average temperature is 13 °C, with a maximum of 25 °C in summer and a minimum of -10 °C in winter. In some summers the summits of the three volcanoes are covered with snow; on top of Mount Ruapehu, snow fields can be found every summer and the summit is glaciated.
Tongariro National Park | Climate
Based on the Köppen climate classification, this mountain is located in a subarctic climate zone with long, cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C. The months May through June offer the most favorable weather for climbing or viewing.
The Rooster Comb | Climate
The area falls within the warm temperate climatic zone. Meteorological data is not available. The regular climate is molly to -2 degrees Celsius.
Mount Tai | Climate
Of the 13 major summits of Hawaii, Mauna Kea has of topographic isolation and four peaks exceed of topographic isolation.
List of mountain peaks of Hawaii | Most isolated major summits
In late 2012 the mountain became quite active, spewing volcanic ash. In November 2012, and continuing into 2013, a 3 km exclusion zone was set up and residents living around the mountain were evacuated or moved to Maumere city on the main island of Flores. In the first 8 months of 2013 there was regular activity from the lava dome including repeated ash plumes – generally reaching altitudes of 2–3 km – dome collapses, explosions, avalanches and pyroclastic flows.
Paluweh | 2012–2013
Testing also determined Mauna Kea to be superb for nighttime viewing due to many factors including the thin air, constant trade winds and being surrounded by sea. Jefferies would build a 2.24 meter telescope with the State of Hawaii agreeing to build a reliable, all weather roadway to the summit. Building began in 1967 and first light seen in 1970.
Opposition to the Mauna Kea Observatories | Background
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount O'Neel is located a subpolar oceanic climate zone, with long, cold, snowy winters, and cool summers. Westerly winds coming off the North Pacific Ocean are forced upwards by the Chugach Mountains (orographic lift), causing heavy rainfall. Temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C. This climate supports the Childs Glacier to the south, and Grinnell Glacier to the north. The months May through June offer the most favorable weather for viewing and climbing.
Mount O'Neel | Climate
Menzies made a third attempt to summit Mauna Loa in February 1794. This time the botanist consulted King Kamehameha I for advice and learned that he could take canoes to the south and follow the ʻAinapō Trail, not knowing of its existence beforehand. Significantly better prepared, Menzies, Lieutenant Joseph Baker and Midshipman George McKenzie of "Discovery", and a servant (most likely Jonathan Ewins, listed on the ship's muster as "Botanist's L't") reached the summit, which Menzies estimated to be high with the aid of a barometer (consistent with a modern value of ). He was surprised to find heavy snow and morning temperatures of , and was unable to compare the heights of Mauna Loa and Kea but correctly supposed the latter to be taller based on its larger snow cap.
Mauna Loa | European summiting attempts
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Fifi is located in a subarctic climate with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Temperatures can drop below -20 C with wind chill factors below -30 C. Weather conditions during summer months are optimum for climbing.
Mount Fifi | Climate
Temperatures at sea level generally range from highs of during the summer months to during the winter months. Rarely does the temperature rise above or drop below at lower elevations. Temperatures are lower at higher altitudes. During the winter, snowfall is common at the summits of Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa on Hawaii Island. On Maui, the summit of Haleakalā occasionally experiences snowfall, but snow had never been observed below before February 2019, when snow was observed at and fell at higher elevations in amounts large enough to force Haleakalā National Park to close for several days. The record low temperature in Honolulu is on January 20, 1969.
Climate of Hawaii | Temperature
It is believed that the mountain has astronomical significance due to its ties with the summer solstice.
Mauna Lahilahi | Astronomy
Haleakalā's summit experiences a cold-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen classification "Csc"), one of the few locations in the world with this climate type. The Haleakalā Ranger station, at a lower elevation, lies in the subtropical highland climate zone.
Haleakalā | Climate
Mauna Kea Anaina Hou ("People who pray for the mountain",) and its sister group, Mauna Kea Hui, are indigenous, Native Hawaiian, cultural groups with environmental concerns located in the state of Hawaii.
Mauna Kea Anaina Hou | Introduction
The climate found is maritime polar or tundra (Köppen: "ET") for subpolar oceanic climate ("Cfc").
Mount Ruapehu | Climate
During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but, due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer. Because of maritime influence, snow tends to be wet and heavy, resulting in high avalanche danger. The months July through September offer the most favorable weather for viewing or climbing this peak.
Mount Hermann | Climate
Although "white mountain" is a translation in the Hawaiian language of the name Mauna Kea, the other main peak on the island of Hawaii, snow often covers Mauna Loa in winter as well. Reverend Kaiseki Kodama arrived in 1918 and started construction of the current temple in 1920. On May 27, 1921, a Buddha image was enshrined in the main hall in a dedication ceremony. The temple is a blend of traditional Japanese architectural forms adapted to local Hawaiian building methods. It was designed by first-generation immigrant (Issei) Yoshisuke Sasaki who owned a store nearby in Keauhou, and constructed by head carpenter Teruyoshi Ikenouchi and others.
Daifukuji Soto Zen Mission | History
Based on the Köppen climate classification, this mountain is located in a subarctic climate with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C.
Mount Niblock | Climate
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Hungabee is located in a subarctic climate with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Temperatures can drop below −20 C with wind chill factors below −30 C.
Mount Hungabee | Climate
The city is located above sea level, at the boundary between the Serra do Mar and the plateau. As a result, the city's climate is considered subtropical, with average temperature during the year at around , rarely exceeding in summer. In winter the average is .
Mauá | Climate
The headwaters of many small streams, which later turn into large rivers, gouge deep serrated valleys through the unconsolidated ash and pumice-rich earth. The climate here is harsh and alpine, with close to 270 ground frosts per year in comparison with less than 30 in the coastal regions of Hawke's Bay, to the east. Heavy snowfalls - rarely seen in the rest of the island - are also a common occurrence in winter. Trampers and climbers in the area should be mindful of the extreme chill effect of the cold south wind which can produce wind chill factors lowering the temperature below 0°c (32°F) for days on end.
Rangipo Desert | Introduction
The continental island rises to 116 m (380'). The landscape features granite boulders, closed scrub, open paperbark scrub and wind-sheared heath.
Maʼalpiku Island National Park | Environment
Due to the increased altitude and the wind on the mountain it is cooler than the city and is susceptible to fog, especially in the mornings. The height of the upper station is enough to cause symptoms of altitude sickness in some individuals. The visitor centre at the base includes the VulQano Park amusement park, restaurants and food court, the world's highest go kart track, and other attractions.
TelefériQo | Climate
The Mauna Kea Ice Age Natural Area Reserve is a Hawaii state natural reserve that includes the Mauna Kea Adz Quarry, on the southern slope of Mauna Kea on the island of the Hawaii.
Mauna Kea Ice Age Reserve | Introduction
Spring and fall are the most favorable seasons to visit Mount Tukuhnikivatz. According to the Köppen climate classification system, it is located in a Cold semi-arid climate zone, which is defined by the coldest month having an average mean temperature below 32 °F (0 °C), and at least 50% of the total annual precipitation being received during the spring and summer. This desert climate receives less than of annual rainfall, and snowfall is generally light during the winter.
Mount Tukuhnikivatz | Climate
This climate supports a small ice remnant on the east side of the pek, and another in the northwest cirque. During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer. The months July through September offer the most favorable weather for viewing or climbing this peak.
Iron Cap Mountain | Climate
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Goode is located in a subarctic climate zone with long, cold, snowy winters, and cool summers. Temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C. This climate supports the Knik Glacier which surrounds the mountain. The months May through June offer the most favorable weather for climbing.
Mount Goode | Climate
Only two months of the year are free of frost. In the winter, up to of snow may accumulate in drifts on north-facing slopes in the pass. Writing in 1884 about a proposed sheep ranch, Thomas Keam said, "The mountain plain was very pleasant in summer, but entirely impracticable in winter, as it is one of the coldest places on the reservation. [I] was told that it was one of the coldest places on the reservation ... in winter ... it is often covered with two feet of snow."
Narbona Pass | Climate
During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but, due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer. The months July through September offer the most favorable weather for viewing or climbing this peak.
Mount Kent (Washington) | Climate
During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer. The months July through September offer the most favorable weather for viewing or climbing this peak.
Mount Thomson | Climate
The months July through September offer the most favorable weather for viewing or climbing this peak.
Mount Mathias | Climate
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Cairnes is located in a subarctic climate with long, cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C. Precipitation runoff from the peak and meltwater from its pocket glaciers drains into tributaries of the Kaskawulsh River.
Mount Cairnes | Climate
Winters are relatively cold, and sometimes snowy with average temperatures ranging from , and rarely drop below . Spring and autumn are generally cool to mild.
Kaunas | Climate
One notable species is Mauna Kea silversword ("Argyroxiphium sandwicense" var. "sandwicense"), a highly endangered endemic plant species that thrives in Mauna Kea's high elevation cinder deserts. At one stage reduced to a population of just 50 plants, Mauna Kea silversword was thought to be restricted to the alpine zone, but in fact has been driven there by pressure from livestock, and can grow at lower elevations as well. The Mauna Kea Ice Age Reserve on the southern summit flank of Mauna Kea was established in 1981. The reserve is a region of sparsely vegetated cinder deposits and lava rock, including areas of aeolian desert and Lake Waiau.
Mauna Kea | Alpine environment
Using the Köppen climate classification the climate of the mountain is humid continental climate (Dfb). Summers are cool with temperatures rarely reaching 25 °C (77 °F) and summer lows fall below 10 °C (50 °F) regularly. There are heavy rainstorms from June to October. Winters are very cold with maximum high reaching 0 °C (32 °F) and reaching a maximum low of -31 °C (-24 °F). Winter snowstorms with high winds are common and typically over 1 meter (~3 ft) of snow per season.
Cerro Mohinora | Climate
Based on the Köppen climate classification, the mountain is located in a subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C.
Isabelle Peak | Climate
Temperatures in Mount Cook Village range from to , and typically fall just over 1 °C for every 200 metres of altitude. Rainfall is similarly variable, with the driest months receiving around precipitation per month, but recorded maxima of in one day and in a single month. Snow falls on about 21 days per year. During the coldest months of the year, Mueller Glacier Lake, Hooker Lake, and Tasman Lake usually freeze over at least partially.
Aoraki / Mount Cook National Park | Climate