In the "CIA World Factbook", the description of each country includes information about "Location" under the heading "Geography", where the country is classified into a region. The following countries are included in their classification "Southeast Europe": In this classification, Slovenia is included in Central Europe, Greece in Southern Europe, and Moldova in Eastern Europe.
"CIA World Factbook"
Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe | "CIA World Factbook"
The "CIA World Factbook" lists the countries included in this region. Sorry. I cannot find the answer based on the context. : In the "CIA World Factbook", the description of each country includes information about "Location" under the heading "Geography", where the country is classified into a region In the "CIA World Factbook", the description of each country includes information about "Location" under the heading "Geography", where the country is classified into a region.
where may have the mycenaeans ultimately ended up
user
Cyprus and the Levantine coast
assistant
where is the former place located?
user
In the Eastern Mediterranean - south of Turkey; west of Syria and Lebanon; north of Egypt, Israel, and Palestine; and southeast of Greece.
assistant
how was the place during the middle ages?
user
When the Roman Empire was divided into Eastern and Western parts in 395, Cyprus became part of the East Roman, or Byzantine Empire.
assistant
what cultural influence does it have?
user
Greek Cypriots have influences from Greece and Christianity, while Turkish Cypriots have influences from Turkey and Islam.
assistant
what is the aforesaid place which is located at the southern turkey?
user
Cyprus is an island country
assistant
where is the aforesaid eastern mediterranean located?
user
It is a loose definition of the eastern approximate half, or third, of the Mediterranean Sea.
assistant
which are the places it surrounds?
user
All of that sea's coastal zones in Southeast Europe, northern Egypt and far Western Asia.
assistant
how do you define the first one?
user
It is a geographical region of Europe, consisting primarily of the coterminous Balkan Peninsula.
assistant
what relation does it have with the cia?
user
In the "CIA World Factbook", the description of each country includes information about "Location" under the heading "Geography", where the country is classified into a region. The following countries are included in their classification "Southeast Europe": In this classification, Slovenia is included in Central Europe, Greece in Southern Europe, and Moldova in Eastern Europe.
Southeast Europe | "CIA World Factbook"
The CIA classifies seven countries as belonging to "Western Europe": The CIA also classifies three countries as belonging to "Southwestern Europe":
Western Europe | CIA classification
The Central Intelligence Agency needs to liaise with the United States Armed Forces, and a range of organizational structures have been used since the formation of the CIA to facilitate this liaison.
CIA's relationship with the United States Military | Introduction
Its existence was first revealed by a November 17, 2005, article by Dana Priest in "The Washington Post", who also broke the story concerning the existence of the CIA's "black sites". In the article, both the CIA and the French government declined to comment on Alliance Base, while all intelligence officers requested anonymity due to the sensitive nature of the project, in particular relating to its political and judicial dimensions. "No country wanted to be perceived as taking direction from the CIA," wrote Dana Priest, while France was the only European state willing to engage in more than simple information exchange.
Alliance Base | International cooperation between intelligence agencies
Its total area extends further into Central Asia than that of most agencies. The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is a quasi-independent agency of the United States Government. It appears to have multiple leadership. On the one hand its director is appointed by the president. It plays a significant role in providing the president with intelligence. On the other hand, Congress oversees its operations through a committee. The CIA was first formed under the National Security Act of 1947 from the army's Office of Strategic Services (OSS), which furnished both military intelligence and clandestine military operations to the army during the crisis of World War II.
Near East | Other regional systems
Europe and European Universities turned out to be in the epicenter of the Cultural Cold War.
CIA and the Cultural Cold War | Introduction
The American Committee on United Europe (ACUE), founded in 1948, was a private American organization that sought to counter communism in Europe by promoting European political integration. Its first chairman was William Joseph Donovan, who had left the government after the war and was in private law practice. The vice-chairman was Allen Dulles, who also had left the government and was in private practice. He later joined the CIA in 1951. A board member was Walter Bedell Smith, the U.S. ambassador to the Soviet Union, who later joined the CIA in 1950. The structure of the organization was outlined in early summer of 1948 by Donovan and Allen Welsh Dulles by then also reviewing the organization of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).
American Committee on United Europe | Introduction
In the 1980s, there were several reorganizations and renaming of the office. Near the end of the 1980s, the office was renamed the Office of Congressional Affairs and has kept that name, as of 2009.
CIA's relationship with the United States Congress | Introduction
In the "CIA World Factbook", the description of each country includes information about "Location" under the heading "Geography", where the country is classified into a region. The following countries are included in their classification "Northern Europe": as well as the dependent areas In this classification, stagnant since the Cold War era, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania are classified as being in Eastern Europe, while the UK and Ireland are included in Western Europe.
Northern Europe | "CIA World Factbook"
Various sources have claimed Papadopoulos underwent military and intelligence training in the United States during the 1950s, or that he had connections to the CIA. On 1 July 1973, "The Observer" published an article by Charles Foley claiming that the Central Intelligence Agency had engineered the coup and that unnamed senior officials in the Joint United States Military Aid Assistance Group in Athens regarded Papadopoulos as "the first CIA agent to become Premier of a European country". The source for much of Foley's story was Andreas Papandreou, the Minister of State in Charge of Intelligence in the government overthrown by Papadopoulos.
Georgios Papadopoulos | Claims of CIA involvement
According to Dana Priest's article, on which the CIA declined to comment at the time: The CTIC were modeled on the CIA's counternarcotics centers in Latin America and Asia. In the 1980s the CIA persuaded these states to let it select individuals for the assignment, pay them and keep them physically separate from their own institutions. Officers from the host stations serving in the CTICs are vetted by the CIA, and usually supervised by the CIA's Chief of Station and augmented by officers sent from the Counterterrorist Center at Langley. According to two intelligence officials interviewed by Dana Priest, "the first two CTICs were established in the late 1990s to watch and capture Islamic militants traveling from Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Egypt and Chechnya to join the fighting in Bosnia and other parts of the former Yugoslavia." The National Security Agency is a partner in the CTICs, and has established a Foreign Affairs Directorate that now handles sharing information and equipment with 40 countries.
Counterterrorist Intelligence Center | Description of CTIC
Associate Deputy Director of Operations for Military Affairs (ADDO/MA) This position 'faded off the org chart' after the creation of the ADCI/MS c. 1995 Associate Director of Central Intelligence for Military Support (ADCI/MS) or Associate Director of Military Support or Assistant Director for Military Support
CIA's relationship with the United States Military | Bureaucratic structure
In early 2012, Seymour Hersh reported that the CIA cooperated with Turkey in a covert operation named "the Rat Line", which obtained and transported armaments from Libya to rebel groups (later known as the Free Syrian Army (FSA)) in Syria via proxies and front organizations in southern Turkey. The CIA's involvement reportedly ended after the mass evacuation of CIA operatives from the American consulate in Benghazi, Libya, after the 2012 Benghazi attack. In January 2014, the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence reported specifically on "the CIA annex at Benghazi", that "all CIA activities in Benghazi were legal and authorized.
Turkey–United States relations | Syrian Civil War (territorial integrity, Rat Line)
Structurally, the CIAF had a presidency ("presidenza") and four subcommissions ("sottocommissioni") for the Army, Navy, Air Force and "General Affairs" ("Affari Generali"). The first representative of the army was General Carlo Vecchiarelli, of the navy Admiral Ildebrando Goiran and of the air force General Aldo Pellegrini. The French were represented at Turin by a delegation of their own (the "Délégation française à la Commission italienne d'Armistice" or DFCIA) and four subdelegations corresponding to the subcommissions. A Mixed Delegation ("Delegazione Mista") was sent to Corsica, where it was sidelined after the Italian occupation of Corsica in November 1942, when a Political and General Affairs Office ("Ufficio Politico e Affari Vari") was established there subordinate to the Fourth Army.
Commissione Italiana d'Armistizio con la Francia | Structure
Nevertheless, there are many indications from various sources which must be considered reliable, justifying the continuation of the analytical and investigative work." Nonetheless, the CIA's alleged programme prompted several official investigations in Europe into the existence of such secret detentions and unlawful inter-state transfers involving Council of Europe member states. A June 2006 report from the Council of Europe estimated 100 people had been kidnapped by the CIA on EU territory (with the cooperation of Council of Europe members), and rendered to other countries, often after having transited through secret detention centres ("black sites") used by the CIA, some located in Europe.
Black site | European investigations
While the CIA cooperates with its French counterpart, the DGSE, the countries do collect information on one another, especially in the economic and scientific areas.
CIA activities in France | Introduction
On April 21, 2006, The "New York Times" claimed that a European Union investigation, under the direction of the Swiss senator Dick Marty, has not proved the existence of secret CIA prisons in Europe. But, Dick Marty's report, published in June 2006, showed that 14 European countries had participated in the CIA's extraordinary renditions, using various airports and military bases (i.e. Ramstein Air Base in Germany, Lajes Field in the Azores, etc.). US President George W. Bush later acknowledged the existence of secret prisons operated by the CIA during a speech on September 6, 2006. Priest said that President Bush, former vice president Cheney and other National Security Council members personally tried to persuade the "Post" not to publish the story in a White House meeting, but that executive editor Leonard Downie made the decision to proceed.
Dana Priest | "Black sites"
The way the United States looks at Europe is changing too, given the last update of the CIA World Factbook. Its 2005 edition says the following about the European Union: "There have been some significant changes to the latest edition of the World Factbook. The European Union is now included as an "Other" entity at the end of the listing. The European Union continues to accrue more nation-like characteristics for itself and so a separate listing was deemed appropriate. A fuller explanation may be found under the European Union Preliminary statement."
Europatriotism | American views
After a media and public outcry in Europe concerning headlines about "secret CIA prisons" in Poland and other US allies, the EU through its Committee on Legal Affairs investigated whether any of its members, especially Poland, the Czech Republic or Romania had any of these "secret CIA prisons". After an investigation by the EU Committee on Legal Affairs and Human Rights, the EU determined that it could not find any of these prisons. In fact, they could not prove if they had ever existed at all. To quote the report, "At this stage of the investigations, there is no formal, irrefutable evidence of the existence of secret CIA detention centres in Romania, Poland or any other country.
Black site | European investigations
This time line is based on information found in Snider, "The Agency and the Hill", Chapter 4 (available online, see below under 'sources'). It lists the liaison, or the head of the liaison office, along with brief mentions of some significant events, reorganizations, and name changes.
CIA's relationship with the United States Congress | Timeline
The United States backed and supported the Fatherland and Liberty which funded and attempted the first coup of Allende's regime known as Tanquetazo. The CIA established links after the 1973 Chilean coup d'état however ties were cut after The Assassination of Orlando Letelier which former CIA agent Michael Townley was directly tied with which eventually led to the disbanding of The DINA in 1977.
Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional | Foreign involvement
The CIA was founded in 1947 and in 1950 created its first training establishment, the Office of Training and Education. In the 1990s, following the end of the Cold War, budget cuts forced the CIA to drastically reduce the size and scope of its education programs. During his tenure as Director of Central Intelligence, George Tenet decided the agency needed an expanded training program in order to help retain talented staff. Tenet authorized the creation of a new training school soon after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, and thus CIAU was established in 2002. Today, the CIAU campus is located within the Dulles Discovery office buildings in Chantilly, Virginia, which were constructed in 2007 and 2010.
CIA University | History
Using the CIA classification strictly would give the following calculation of Western Europe's population. All figures based on the projections for 2018 by the Population Division of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Using the CIA classification a little more liberally and including "South-Western Europe", would give the following calculation of Western Europe's population.
Western Europe | Population
With Europe stabilizing along the Iron Curtain, the CIA tried to limit the spread of Soviet influence elsewhere around the world. Much of the basic model came from George Kennan's "containment" strategy from 1947, a foundation of US policy for decades.
CIA activities in the Soviet Union | Introduction
The task force recommended "that positive efforts be made to foster relations of mutual confidence between the [CIA] and the several departments and agencies that it serves." This report stressed that the CIA "must be the central organization of the national intelligence system." It recommended a "... top echelon [of] an evaluation board or section composed of competent and experienced personnel who would have no administrative responsibilities and whose duties would be confined solely to intelligence evaluation." It also favored a civilian DCI with a long term in office.
Official reports by the U.S. Government on the CIA | 1949 Eberstadt Report (First Hoover Commission)
They noted "a possible military association with sub-Saharan political entities." This document showed how the country fit into the United States' broader concerns about the region for much of the second half of the 20th century.
CIA activities in the Democratic Republic of the Congo | Continued CIA activities in the Congo
The European Parliament's report, adopted by a large majority (382 MEPs voting in favor, 256 against and 74 abstaining) passed on February 14, 2007, concludes that many European countries tolerated illegal actions of the CIA including secret flights over their territories. The countries named were: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Although no clear evidence have been found against United Kingdom. The report: denounces the lack of co-operation of many member states and of the Council of the European Union with the investigation; Regrets that European countries have been relinquishing control over their airspace and airports by turning a blind eye or admitting flights operated by the CIA which, on some occasions, were being used for illegal transportation of detainees; Calls for the closure of [the US military detention mission in] Guantanamo and for European countries immediately to seek the return of their citizens and residents who are being held illegally by the US authorities; Considers that all European countries should initiate independent investigations into all stopovers by civilian aircraft [hired by] the CIA; Urges that a ban or system of inspections be introduced for all CIA-operated aircraft known to have been involved in extraordinary rendition.
Black site | The European Parliament's February 14, 2007, report
He was recognized as the first Euro-American to garner accoldates as All-CIAA and All-American at JCSU and at HBCU.
Chet Grimsley | Media
After the Central Intelligence Agency lost its role as the coordinator of the entire Intelligence Community (IC), special coordinating structures were created by each president to fit his administrative style and the perceived level of threat from terrorists during his term. The US has a different counter-terrorist structure than many of its close allies such as Australia, Canada, France, and the United Kingdom. Each has a structure that fits its particular legal system and culture. A contentious issue is whether there needs to be a domestic intelligence service separate from the FBI, which has had difficulty in breaking away from its law enforcement roots and cooperating with other intelligence services.
International counter-terrorism activities of the CIA | Introduction
"The Washington Post" claimed on November 2, 2005, that the United States was maintaining several secret jails (or "black sites") in Eastern Europe. Poland and Romania, however, have denied these allegations. Also, Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) planes carrying terror suspects would have made secret stopovers in several West European countries since 2001. Belgium, Iceland, Spain, and Sweden have launched investigations. "The Guardian" calculated on November 30 that CIA planes landed about 300 times on European air ports. Most planes would have landed in Germany and the United Kingdom as a transit point to East Europe, North Africa (possibly Morocco and Egypt), or the Middle East (possibly Syria and Jordan).
United States–European Union relations | Rendition
In 1944, Tania was asked to do a job for the OSS (the Office of Strategic Services, forerunner of the CIA) and was assigned to the headquarters of the First Army in Spa, Belgium, just over the border with the bit of Germany that was already occupied by US forces. "Because of my fluent German, I was supposed to uncover any attacks on the US troops, by such as the ‘Werewolves,’ a group of German youth who strung thin metal wires across the roads at night to cut the throats of GIs travelling by jeep, for instance, or dug trenches that would trap US transport.
Tania Long | Europe
According to the separate European Parliament report of February 2007, the CIA has conducted 1,245 flights, many of them to destinations where suspects could face torture, in violation of article 3 of the United Nations Convention Against Torture.
Black site | European investigations
A cornerstone of the Special Relationship is the collecting and sharing of intelligence. This originated during World War II with the sharing of code-breaking knowledge and led to the 1943 BRUSA Agreement, signed at Bletchley Park. After World War II the common goal of monitoring and countering the threat of communism prompted the UK-USA Security Agreement of 1948. This agreement brought together the SIGINT organizations of the US, UK, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand and is still in place today (see: Five Eyes). The head of the CIA station in London attends each weekly meeting of the British Joint Intelligence Committee.
Special Relationship | Intelligence sharing
Only thirteen years after the foundation of "FORVM" it became public, thanks to "Ramparts" and "Saturday Evening Post", that the financial sources derived from the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) with the aim to undermine liberal und leftist groups of intellectuals all over the world in order to position them against communism in the age of the Cold War. The CIA web site states that "[t]he Congress for Cultural Freedom is widely considered one of the CIA's more daring and effective Cold War covert operations." Other magazines funded by the CCF were "Der Monat" in Western Berlin, "Preuves" in Paris, "Tempo presente" in Italy, "Cuadernos" in Madrid, "Encounter" in London, as well as "Freedom First" in Bombay, "Solidarity" in the Philippines, "Quadrant" in Australia and "Examen" in Mexico.
FORVM | Editor Friedrich Torberg (1954–1965)
A fax intercepted by the Onyx Swiss interception system, from the Egyptian Foreign Ministry to its London embassy, stated that 23 prisoners were clandestinely interrogated by the U.S. at the base. In 2007, it was disclosed by Dick Marty (investigator) that the CIA allegedly had secret prisons in Poland and Romania. On April 22, 2015, Ion Iliescu, former President of Romania, confirmed that he had granted a CIA request for a site in Romania, but was not aware of the nature of the site, describing it as a small gesture of goodwill to an ally in advance of Romania's eventual accession to NATO.
Black site | Europe
In many respects, this was the beginning of the idea that what was to become the Directorate of Support had a far wider scope than the OSS and initial CIA term, Directorate of Administration. Smith presented the concept that the CIA would need a worldwide system of support bases, which usually could be tenant organizations on military bases. According to Smith's memo, A major logistical support base will consist of a CIA base headquarters, training, communications, medical accommodation for evacuees and storage for six months' hot war requirements as well as provide logistical support for CIA operational groups or headquarters ...
Organizational structure of the Central Intelligence Agency | Logistics and proprietaries
After World War II, Reinhard Gehlen acted under the tutelage of US Army G-2 (intelligence), but he wished to establish an association with the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). In 1947, in alliance with the CIA, the military orientation of the organization turned increasingly toward political, economic and technical espionage against the Eastern bloc and the moniker "Pullach" became synonymous with secret service intrigues. According to one report, the Org was for many years "the only eyes and ears of the CIA on the ground in the Soviet Bloc nations" during the Cold War. The CIA kept close tabs on the Gehlen group: the Org supplied the manpower while the CIA supplied the material needs for clandestine operations, including funding, cars and airplanes.
Gehlen Organization | Establishment
No holds barred.” It’s a significant problem for Weiner’s thesis that Wisner in 1956 actually had no direct involvement in RFE and that the memo was produced after the uprising was effectively over and dealt with rhetoric, not violence.
CIA activities in Hungary | Gray psychological operations
According to intelligence sources quoted by Seymour Hersh, in early 2012 the CIA set up in co-operation with Turkey what it called "the Rat Line", a covert operation to obtain and transport, using proxies and front companies, armaments from Libya to rebel groups in Syria via southern Turkey. The CIA's part in the operation reportedly ended as a result of the mass evacuation of CIA operatives from the American consulate in Benghazi, Libya, after the 2012 Benghazi attack. According to Hersh, the operation was run by David Petraeus, and the CIA could avoid reporting the operation's existence to US Congress intelligence committees since the involvement of Turkey allowed it to be classed as a liaison mission.
CIA activities in Turkey | Syria
The Intelligence College Europe operates on a two-tier organisation, comprising a decision-making body, representing the European member countries (the Steering Committee), and a body responsible for the implementation of decisions (the Permanent Secretariat). The presidency of the Steering Committee is held by one country, in annual rotation. Croatia is to take over the presidency for the first year, to be followed by the United Kingdom and Italy.
Intelligence College in Europe | Organization
Separate foreign intelligence agency as a descendant to czechoslovak "Office for Foreign Relations and Information of the Federal Ministry of the Interior" was not created in Slovakia. Its first director was Vladimír Mitro, who two years later asked the President of Slovakia to accept his resignation. Mitro later claimed that the reason for this was huge political pressure on him, especially the command to establish surveillance of certain journalists. The government of Vladimír Mečiar then changed the law to give the permission to name the SIS director to itself, rather than the President of Slovakia. Mečiar then named Ivan Lexa the director of SIS.
Slovenská informačná služba | History
An interim report was released in 2006, which stated that "the CIA or other US services have been directly responsible for the illegal seizure, removal, abduction and detention of terrorist suspects on the territory of member states". The Chairman of the committee, Carlos Coelho, claimed that the CIA's extraordinary renditions in Europe was carried out "with the knowledge and support of European national governments". In 2007, the final report of the committee was released, which revealed the existence of secret detention facilities in Europe. According to the report, over one thousand CIA-operated flights used European airspace from 2001 to 2005.
Temporary Committee on the alleged use of European countries by the CIA for the transport and illegal detention of prisoners | Final report
The CIA established its first training facility, the Office of Training and Education, in 1950. Following the end of the Cold War, the CIA's training budget was slashed, which had a negative effect on employee retention. In response, Director of Central Intelligence George Tenet established CIA University in 2002. CIA University holds between 200 and 300 courses each year, training both new hires and experienced intelligence officers, as well as CIA support staff. The facility works in partnership with the National Intelligence University, and includes the Sherman Kent School for Intelligence Analysis, the Directorate of Analysis' component of the university.
Central Intelligence Agency | Training
The WINACC provides CIA expertise in support of compliance with these missions, as well as with a number of bilateral treaties with the Russia or the former Soviet Union. These began with the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT), go through the various Strategic Arms Reduction Treaties (START I and START II), the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE and follow-ons) and the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF). These means include SIGINT (especially TELINT and FISINT), IMINT, and MASINT, where CIA scientific groups have had, or continue to have, responsibilities. Certain of these assignments were classified when first made, and the current responsibilities come from both public statements and declassified documents on earlier assignments.
CIA transnational activities in counterproliferation | International representation
Thus, many relationships were permitted to remain intact."
CIA activities in the United States | 1973
There have been various arrangements to handle the CIA's relationship with Congress. It began with a single position named the "legislative liaison" which later became the "legislative counsel". Eventually it became an office. In the 1970s, Congressional inquiries demanded a great increase in staffing and a reorganization. In the 1980s, several more reorganizations and renamings followed. Near the end of the 1980s, the office was named the Office of Congressional Affairs and as of 2009, has kept that name. See also CIA Office of Congressional Affairs
Organizational structure of the Central Intelligence Agency | Relationship with Congress
While Vetrov was recruited by the French, the Western counter-reaction came from the US. Safire was writing a series of hardline columns denouncing the financial backing being given to Moscow by Germany and Britain for the Trans-Siberian Pipeline, a major natural gas pipeline from Siberia to Europe. That project would give control of European energy supplies to the Communists, as well as generate US$8 billion a year to support Soviet computer and satellite research. The CIA mounted a counter-intelligence operation that transferred modified hardware and software designs over to the Soviets. They instigated an operation of disinformation and faulty technology transfer.
Farewell Dossier | CIA response
CIAT is composed of the tax administrations of 42 member countries and associate member countries – 31 countries from the Americas, 5 European countries, 2 African countries and 1 Asian country. South Africa and India are associate members.
Inter-American Center of Tax Administrations | Member states
A major source of tension between the two countries was Kim Philby, a senior UK SIS officer who was a Soviet agent. Philby, at one point, was the SIS liaison officer resident in the US. James Jesus Angleton, head of CIA counterintelligence, was surprised by Philby's activity, and, as a consequence, began hunts for moles within CIA.
CIA activities in the United Kingdom | Introduction
There is a long history of close cooperation between the United States and the United Kingdom intelligence services; see Clandestine HUMINT and Covert Action for World War II and subsequent relationships. There are permanent liaison officers of each country in major intelligence agencies of the other, such as CIA and Secret Intelligence Service ("MI6") (which is the British counterpart of the CIA), FBI and the Security Service (MI5), and National Security Agency (NSA) and Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ). Oleg Penkovsky, a Soviet military intelligence colonel, who was a defector in place, was a joint US-UK espionage operation. Much of Penkovsky's product is available online at the CIA FOIA Reading Room under the code name IRONBARK.
CIA activities in the United Kingdom | Introduction
General Gerardo Serravalle, who commanded the Italian Gladio from 1971 to 1974, related that "in the 1970s the members of the CPC [Coordination and Planning Committee] were the officers responsible for the secret structures of Great Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, Luxemburg, the Netherlands and Italy. These representatives of the secret structures met every year in one of the capitals... At the stay-behind meetings representatives of the CIA were always present. They had no voting rights and were from the CIA headquarters of the capital in which the meeting took place... members of the US Forces Europe Command were present, also without voting rights.
Operation Gladio | General Serravalle's statement
Few officers, even those stationed in country spoke the language of the people they were spying on. And the CIA had no capacity to send agents to respond to developing situations. The CIA analysis of Russia during the entire cold war was either driven by ideology, or by politics. William J Crowe, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff noted that the CIA "talked about the Soviet Union as if they weren't reading the newspapers, much less developed clandestine intelligence." The CIA was even caught unprepared when the Berlin Wall fell. Once again, CNN had scooped the CIA. One of the first acts of Bob Gates, the new DI, was National Security Review 29, a memo to each member of the Cabinet asking them what they wanted from the CIA.
History of the Central Intelligence Agency | Fall of the USSR
During the Cold War, an important asset was the Counter-Guerrilla, and the Grey Wolves; the paramilitary youth branch of the Nationalist Movement Party. Before the death of Counter-Guerrilla Alparslan Türkeş, the far-right paramilitary Grey Wolves were used to attack leftists. The CIA also maintains a cadre of moles inside Turkey's National Intelligence Organization, as acknowledged in 1977 by its former deputy director—and CIA recruit—Sabahattin Savasman. During the Cold War, the CIA set up a clandestine "stay behind" army network in Turkey. They were intended to conduct sabotage and espionage operations if required. Such networks were set up in many NATO European countries (the best known being Gladio), as well as in officially neutral countries in Europe; the network in Turkey was codenamed "Counter-Guerilla", elements of it were later accused of committing torture.
CIA activities in Turkey | Recruitment
The CIA described his cooperation as "an important and unique contribution to the United States".
Ion Mihai Pacepa | Introduction
The CIA is the Central Intelligence Agency, a civilian agency of the United States government. CIA may also refer to:
CIA (disambiguation) | Introduction
Jane Wallis Burrell was the first CIA officer to die in the Agency's service when an Air France DC-3 from Brussels crashed on approach to the Le Bourget Airport near Paris on January 6, 1948, killing all five crew members and 10 of the 11 passengers. She died only 110 days after the CIA was officially established the previous September. Burrell was never a candidate for a Star on the CIA's Memorial Wall because the Wall commemorates Agency employees who died in specific circumstances and deaths from commercial aircraft crashes have generally not qualified.
CIA Memorial Wall | First fatality
The CIA reacted strongly to the book A Correspondence with the CIA: "...high-ranking officials of the C.I.A have signed letters for publication to a newspaper and a magazine, granted a rare on-the-record interview at the agency's headquarters in McLean, Va." The C.I.A letters were to the "Washington Star" and were signed by William E. Colby and Paul C. Velte Jr. "a Washington-based official with Air America, a charter airline that flies missions for the CIA in Southeast Asia." CIA general counsel Lawrence R. Houston wrote the book's publishers Harper & Row and asked that they be given the galley proofs so that the CIA could criticize errors and rebut unproven accusations: "We believe we could demonstrate to you that a considerable number of Mr.
The Politics of Heroin in Southeast Asia | Publication
His investigation has found that no evidence exists establishing the existence of secret CIA prisons in Europe, but added that it was "highly unlikely" that European governments were unaware of the American program of renditions. However, Marty's interim report, which was based largely on a compendium of press clippings has been harshly criticised by the governments of various EU member states. The preliminary report declared that it was "highly unlikely that European governments, or at least their intelligence services, were unaware" of the CIA kidnapping of a "hundred" persons on European territory and their subsequent rendition to countries where they may be tortured.
Black site | Other European investigations
The Directorate also housed special groups for conducting counter-narcotics and counter-terrorism, for tracking nuclear proliferation, and other tasks.
Directorate of Operations (CIA) | Predecessors
Others have observed a return to Cold War-era alignments (MacKinnon, 2007; Lucas, 2008), this time with substantial changes between 1990–2015 in geography, the world economy and relationship dynamics between current and emerging world powers; not necessarily redefining the classic meaning of "First", "Second", and "Third World" terms, but rather which countries belong to them by way of association to which world power or coalition of countries — such as G7, the European Union, OECD; G20, OPEC, BRICS, ASEAN; the African Union, and the Eurasian Union.
Third World | Great Divergence and Great Convergence
Alfred McCoy, author of The Politics of Heroin in Southeast Asia, described CIA complicity in the Vietnam-era drug trade originating in Southeast Asia, and further described CIA attempts to interfere with publication of the book. On June 1 of this year an official of the US Central Intelligence Agency paid a visit to the New York offices of my publisher, Harper and Row, Inc. This CIA official was Mr. Cord Meyer, Jr. (now the CIA's Assistant Deputy Director of Plans; formerly the CIA official in charge of providing covert financial subsidies for organizations such as the National Student Association, Encounter Magazine, and the Congress for Cultural Freedom).
CIA transnational anti-crime and anti-drug activities | Southeast Asia
For example, the "CIA World Factbook" uses the word in its "Country name" field to refer to "a wide variety of dependencies, areas of special sovereignty, uninhabited islands, and other entities in addition to the traditional countries or independent states".
Country | Introduction
It publicized Project MKUltra, a CIA mind control study. It also studied issues relating to the John F. Kennedy assassination, specifically the head snap as seen in the Zapruder film (first shown on television in 1975), and the possible presence of E. Howard Hunt and Frank Sturgis in Dallas, Texas.
United States President's Commission on CIA Activities within the United States | Introduction
The CIA (and its predecessors) has a long history of placing selected collection and analytic functions (e.g., Foreign Broadcast Information Service intercept locations) in places where they can coordinate with regional intelligence agencies, and also have access to people with native-level understanding of languages and culture.
International counter-terrorism activities of the CIA | Regional analytic operations
The CIA was instrumental in the establishment of intelligence services in several U.S. allied countries, including Germany's BND. The closest links of the U.S. IC to other foreign intelligence agencies are to Anglophone countries: Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. Special communications signals that intelligence-related messages can be shared with these four countries. An indication of the United States' close operational cooperation is the creation of a new message distribution label within the main U.S. military communications network. Previously, the marking of NOFORN (i.e., No Foreign Nationals) required the originator to specify which, if any, non-U.S. countries could receive the information.
Central Intelligence Agency | Foreign intelligence services
Many studies of the analysis of, and countermeasures to, terrorism remain classified. Declassified CIA documents on terrorism date back to the late 1970s. According to a 1979 report Western Europe often had opposing terrorist groups in the same conflict at that time, such as nationalists and separatists in Northern Ireland, Spanish nationalists and Basque separatists in Spain and others like them in Turkey. Transnational terrorism was still unusual, although the report noted that the Basque group ETA was active in France as well as Spain.
International counter-terrorism activities of the CIA | Intelligence Community view of terrorism
The Confédération internationale des accordéonistes (CIA) is an international music association of accordion players. It was originally founded in Paris in 1935 as the Association Internationale des Accordéonistes by the countries of France, Germany, and Switzerland. Later it was re-formed as the CIA in Lausanne, Switzerland in May 1948. It is currently headquartered in Ikaalinen, Finland. The CIA has been a member of the International Music Council division of UNESCO since 1975. The CIA organizes World Accordion Day each May 6, including programming and live-streamed performances.
Confédération internationale des accordéonistes | Introduction
Historical Documents from the Foreign Relations of the United States series
CIA influence on public opinion | External links
The history of CI covert action had an ignominious start when, before the creation of the Office of Policy Coordination, "The New York Times" reported on CI's first covert action, noting the arrest of a CI agent in connection with his meeting with the Romanian National Peasants' Party, along with the arrest of the party's leaders on the charge of treason. On June 18, 1948, the National Security Council issued Directive 10/2 "[calling] for covert operations to attack the soviets around the world," and giving the CIA the authority to carry out covert operations "against hostile foreign states or groups or in support of friendly foreign states or groups but which are so planned and conducted that any U.S.
History of the Central Intelligence Agency | Office of Policy Coordination (Covert Action)
In 2006, Connie Bruck of "The New Yorker" wrote that "Pahlavi had CIA funding for a number of years in the eighties, but it ended after the Iran-Contra scandal". Andrew Friedman of Haverford College states that Pahlavi began cooperation with the CIA after he met director William J. Casey and received a monthly stipend, citing Pahlavi's financial advisor and other observers. Friedman also connects his residence in Great Falls, Virginia to its proximity to George Bush Center for Intelligence, headquarters of the service.
Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran | Alleged foreign support
The Counter-Guerrillas' existence in Turkey was revealed in 1973 by then-prime minister Bülent Ecevit.
CIA activities in Turkey | Recruitment
And that would have been contrary to the wishes of the K.G.B. So we are seeing some indications of independence."
CIA activities in Hungary | Counterintelligence
The name of the language comes from the negator "cia" "no". It is also known as Buton, Butonese, Butung, and in Dutch "Boetonees", names it shares with Wolio, and as South Buton or Southern Butung.
Cia-Cia language | Name
The CIA has an executive office and five major directorates:
Central Intelligence Agency | Organizational structure
The Temporary Committee on the alleged use of European countries by the CIA for the transport and illegal detention of prisoners, widely referred to as the CIA committee, was a Committee of the European Parliament that was set up in 2006 to investigate the alleged role of the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency in the extraordinary rendition of terrorists. The chairman of the committee was Carlos Coelho.
Temporary Committee on the alleged use of European countries by the CIA for the transport and illegal detention of prisoners | Introduction
This is where the relation between globalization, the EU, and First World countries arises. Especially during the 1990s when the EU focused on economic policies such as the creation and circulation of the Euro, the creation of the European Monetary Institute, and the opening of the European Central Bank. In 1993, at the Copenhagen European Council, the European Union took a decisive step towards expanding the EU, what they called the Fifth Enlargement, agreeing that "the associated countries in Central and Eastern Europe that so desire shall become members of the European Union". Thus, enlargement was no longer a question of if, but when and how.
First World | European Union
The first activity done by CDN was the Summer Camp 2003 "Peace and Reconciliation on the Balkan" in Jahorina, Bosnia and Herzegovina, with 80 young participants from all over Europe.
Cooperation and Development Network Eastern Europe | History
W. Bush to Greece and Turkey in July 1991. The matter of whether she actually had covert status is disputed. After the Persian Gulf War in 1991, the CIA sent her first to the London School of Economics and then the College of Europe, in Bruges, for Master's degrees. After earning the second degree, she stayed on in Brussels, where she began her next assignment under cover as an "energy consultant" for Brewster-Jennings. Beginning in 1997, Plame's primary assignment was shifted to the CIA headquarters in Langley, Virginia. During this time, part of her work concerned the determination of the use of aluminum tubes purchased by Iraq.
Valerie Plame | Career
The National Committee for a Free Europe, later known as Free Europe Committee, was an anti-communist Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) front organization, founded on June 1, 1949, in New York City, which worked for the spreading of American influence in Europe and to oppose the Soviet one.
National Committee for a Free Europe | Introduction
"Air America" was based on the Christopher Robbins book "Air America", which chronicled the history of CIA proprietary airlines in Southeast Asia.
CIA transnational anti-crime and anti-drug activities | Southeast Asia
The United States Army has, since the Second World War, maintained civil affairs units. Part of their function includes CIMIC tasks, however, they have a much broader function and a different focus from most other CIMIC organizations. In the mid-1990s, primarily in response to lessons learned in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo, most NATO members began developing their own CIMIC structures, which lead to the establishment of the Civil-Military Cooperation Centre of Excellence in The Hague in 2001. Germany maintains its own center
Civil-military co-operation | History
CIA involvement in Hungary from 1950-1957 and again in 1989 consisted of clandestine intelligence collection, gray psychological operations, and counterintelligence activities. As noted in the book "Broadcasting Freedom: The Cold War Triumph of Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty", an organization called Radio Free Europe (RFE), was funded at the time by the CIA to broadcast Hungary from at least from 1950 to 1956. However, RFE operated on no directives to foment revolution.
CIA activities in Hungary | Introduction
The CIA acts as the primary US HUMINT and general analytic agency, under the Director of National Intelligence, who directs or coordinates the 16 member organizations of the United States Intelligence Community. In addition, it obtains information from other U.S. government intelligence agencies, commercial information sources, and foreign intelligence services.
Central Intelligence Agency | Relationship with other intelligence agencies
CIA Security v Signalson and Securitel (1996) C-194/94 is an EU law case, concerning the conflict of law between a national legal system and European Union law.
CIA Security International SA v Signalson SA and Securitel SPRL | Introduction
On 27 June 2007 the CIA released two collections of previously classified documents which outlined various activities of doubtful legality. The first collection, the "Family Jewels," consists of almost 700 pages of responses from CIA employees to a 1973 directive from Director of Central Intelligence James Schlesinger requesting information about activities inconsistent with the Agency's charter. The second collection, the CAESAR-POLO-ESAU papers, consists of 147 documents and 11,000 pages of research from 1953 to 1973 relating to Soviet and Chinese leadership hierarchies, and Sino-Soviet relations.
Official reports by the U.S. Government on the CIA | 2007 documents
The crisis ended when China ended the shelling and both sides agreed to diplomatic talks; a second crisis in 1958 would end in a similar fashion. During the first crisis, the United States and the ROC signed the Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty, which committed the United States to the defense of Taiwan. The CIA also supported dissidents in the 1959 Tibetan uprising, but China crushed the uprising.
Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower | East Asia and Southeast Asia
Rockefeller was acquainted with Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) director Allen Dulles and his brother, Eisenhower administration Secretary of State John Foster Dulles—who was an in-law of the family—since his college years. It was in Rockefeller Center that Allen Dulles had set up his WWII operational center after Pearl Harbor, liaising closely with MI6, which also had their principal U.S. operation in the Center. He also knew and associated with the former CIA director Richard Helms as well as Archibald Bulloch Roosevelt Jr., a Chase Bank employee and former CIA agent whose first cousin, CIA agent Kermit Roosevelt Jr., was involved in the Iran coup of 1953.
David Rockefeller | Central Intelligence Agency ties
"A NIST normally is composed of personnel from DIA, NSA, NIMA, and the CIA who are deployed upon request by the military commander to facilitate the flow of timely all-source intelligence between a Joint Task Force (JTF) and Washington, DC, during crises or contingency operations."
CIA's relationship with the United States Military | National Intelligence Support Team
CIA University (CIAU) is the primary education facility of the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Founded in 2002 and located in Chantilly, Virginia, the school holds courses on various intelligence-related subjects, ranging from chemical weapons manufacturing to foreign languages. Students include CIA new hires, experienced officers, support staff, and individuals from other U.S. intelligence agencies. CIAU does not issue degrees.
CIA University | Introduction
We looked at photographs. We looked at timetables. We looked at who was where and when. It is wrong to say that we didn't look at it. In fact, we looked at it with extraordinary care and intensity and fidelity."
Mohamed Atta's alleged Prague connection | CIA
Back at CIA headquarters, then located in Washington near the Lincoln Memorial, de Silva in 1951 briefly worked in the "Foreign Intelligence Staff" under the veteran Eric Timm. de Silva was appointed chief of operations in the "Soviet Russia Division". At first the CIA possessed no assets (intelligence agents) in the USSR. Without much success, the CIA had been parachuting Russian-speaking volunteers into the Soviet Union, with false papers. Almost all of them, however, were being captured and forced to serve the Soviets; any further information received was doctored, or worthless. One CIA operation in Russia that did meet with success involved a joint reconnaissance mission with the Navy, sending a small team to a newly built Soviet airfield in eastern Siberia.
Peer de Silva | CIA Headquarters
This directorate includes the Office of Training, which starts with a Junior Officer Training program for new employees. So that the initial course might be taken by employees who had not received final security clearance and thus were not permitted unescorted access to the Headquarters building, a good deal of basic training has been given at office buildings in the urban areas of Arlington, Virginia. It is known, although not acknowledged by the US Government, that the CIA runs at least two operations training facilities. One is known as "The Farm", at Camp Peary, Virginia. The other is known as "The Point" at Harvey Point, North Carolina.
Organizational structure of the Central Intelligence Agency | Training
The EU also has close ties with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), according to the Berlin Plus agreement. This is a comprehensive package of agreements made between NATO and the EU on 16 December 2002. With this agreement the EU is given the possibility to use NATO assets in case it wanted to act independently in an international crisis, on the condition that NATO does not want to act itself – the so-called "right of first refusal". In fact, many EU member states are among the 28 NATO members. The Treaty of Brussels is considered the precursor to NATO.
European integration | Defence
This novel centers around Capt. James Cronley, the central character of the first novel of the series. Cronley has been promoted to be commander of a new unit in the new Central Intelligence Agency. As the chief of DCI Europe, Cronley has to deal with all sorts of intrigue, much of it involving U.S. government and military personnel unhappy with the creation and power of the new CIA. Cronley and the people working with and for him, have a new mission to bring the family of a Soviet informant out of East Germany and to freedom. In the process Cronley must fend off attempts to undermine his authority.
The Assassination Option | Plot
The agency had supply, training, and logistical centers on multiple Philippine islands. After their successful counterinsurgency against the Hukbalahap, the CIA reused this model in both Vietnam and Latin America. The CIA deployed psychological warfare in the Philippines as well as force. The Philippines, formally titled the Republic of the Philippines, is an archipelago nation in Southeast Asia between the Philippine Sea and the South China Sea to the east of Vietnam. It is the main "US imperial power [base] in Southeast Asia," according to Roland G. Simbulan of the University of the Philippines. Credible allegations exist revealing that the CIA has operated in support of the pro-American for big businesses such as Coca-Cola which is called Crony capitalism oligarchy in the Philippines, and uses its resources to advance the interests of American corporations such as Ford, Nike, and Coca-Cola.
CIA activities in the Philippines | Introduction
At Dataharvest 2015 and other networking events, discussions related to "establishing this European Network" started with "Jörg Schmitt, Jürgen Dahlkamp, Alfred Weinzierl and Klaus Brinkbäumer from "Der Spiegel" and Stefan Candea from the Romanian Centre for Investigative Journalism (CRJI). Stefan Candea, a founding partner explained how following the terrorist attacks, such as the November 2015 Paris attacks, journalists "started to bounce ideas off each other." This led to their first collaborative transnational investigation resulting in the series "Mapping the Weapons of Terror". Others joined the group, including, "Alain Lallemand from "Le Soir", John Hansen from "Politiken", Milorad Ivanovic from "Newsweek Serbia", Florian Klenk from "Falter", Paula Guisado from "El Mundo", Vlad Odobescu from The Romanian Centre for Investigative Journalism, Michael Bird from "The Black Sea", Fabrice Arfi from "Mediapart" and Vittorio Malagutti from "L'Espresso".
European Investigative Collaborations | History
Latin America was also a better region for KGB agents to get in touch with their informants from the CIA or other contacts from the United States than inside that country.
Salvador Allende | Relationships with the Soviet Union
Two weeks after news reports of the slaughter, the CIA sent a U-2 to photograph it. A week later the CIA completed its report on the matter. The final report came to the Oval Office on August 4, 1995. In short, it took three weeks for the agency to confirm that one of the largest mass murders in Europe since the Second World War had occurred. Another CIA mistakes in Balkan during Clinton presidency occurred in NATO bombing of Serbia. To force Slobodan Milošević to withdraw his troops from Kosovo. The CIA had been invited to provide military targets for bombings.
Central Intelligence Agency | President Clinton
The Soviet Union responded by sending planes that flew Lumumba's army into Katanga to prevent the secession. In order to stifle the spread of communism, the United States contributed aid as well.
CIA activities in the Democratic Republic of the Congo | United States' relationship with Belgium
A story by reporter Dana Priest published in "The Washington Post" of November 2, 2005, reported: "The CIA has been hiding and interrogating some of its most important alleged al Qaeda captives at a Soviet-era compound in Eastern Europe, according to U.S. and foreign officials familiar with the arrangement." According to current and former intelligence officials and diplomats, there is a network of foreign prisons that includes or has included sites in several European democracies, Thailand, Afghanistan, and a small portion of the Guantánamo Bay prison in Cuba—this network has been labeled by Amnesty International as "The Gulag Archipelago", in a clear reference to the novel of the same name by Russian writer and activist Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn.
Black site | "Washington Post" November 2005 article