Following on his success portraying the archaeologist Indiana Jones, Ford also plays a part in supporting the work of professional archaeologists. He serves as a General Trustee on the Governing Board of the Archaeological Institute of America (AIA), North America's oldest and largest organization devoted to the world of archaeology. Ford assists them in their mission of increasing public awareness of archaeology and preventing looting and the illegal antiquities trade.
Archaeology
Harrison Ford
Harrison Ford | Archaeology
Yes, he serves as a General Trustee on the Governing Board of the Archaeological Institute of America. Yes, he supports the work of professional archaeologists; serves as a General Trustee on the Governing Board of the Archaeological Institute of America (AIA) Yes,  He serves as a General Trustee on the Governing Board of the Archaeological Institute of America (AIA). He serves as a General Trustee on the Governing Board of the Archaeological Institute of America (AIA), North America's oldest and largest organization devoted to the world of archaeology.
when was kingdom of the crystal skull filmed
user
2008
assistant
what is its genre?
user
Sorry. I cannot find the answer based on the context.
assistant
what is the significance of the crystal skull in the film?
user
It was believed that it belonged to an alien life form and holds great psychic power, and finding more skulls will grant the Soviet Union the ability to rule the world through the use of telepathy.
assistant
who played the role of jones?
user
Harrison Ford.
assistant
how is he related to aviation?
user
He is a licensed pilot of both fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters.
assistant
was he into archaeological expeditions as well?
user
Following on his success portraying the archaeologist Indiana Jones, Ford also plays a part in supporting the work of professional archaeologists. He serves as a General Trustee on the Governing Board of the Archaeological Institute of America (AIA), North America's oldest and largest organization devoted to the world of archaeology. Ford assists them in their mission of increasing public awareness of archaeology and preventing looting and the illegal antiquities trade.
Harrison Ford | Archaeology
Richard John Harrison (born August 1949) is an archaeologist and Professor in the University of Bristol, England. Harrison studied at Selwyn College, Cambridge, and gained his Bachelor’s degree in Archaeology and Anthropology from the University of Cambridge in 1970. He held a Prize Fellowship at Harvard from 1970 to 1975, and was awarded his PhD in Anthropology from Harvard University in 1975. His first employment was in the Department of Prehistoric and Roman-British Antiquities at the British Museum, from where he moved to the University of Bristol as a lecturer in 1976. In 1977 he was elected a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London, and in 2003 to be a Corresponding Fellow of the Deutsches Archaeologisches Institut in Frankfurt, Germany.
Richard J. Harrison | Introduction
James Alfred Ford was an American archaeologist. He was born in Water Valley, Mississippi, on February 12, 1911. He became interested in work on Native American mound research while growing up in Mississippi.
James A. Ford | Introduction
Accident reports, such as the official US Air Force Accident Report Form 14 becomes the foundation of archaeology research. From there, newspaper articles, county clerk records, sheriff & coroner reports, and library records all aid an aviation archaeologist in their research.
Aviation archaeology | History of aviation archaeology and current issues
The subsequent achievements of the RNZAF and the fine position we are in today with regard to civil aviation are themselves monuments to his early efforts.” His first cousin was Leslie R. H. Willis, engineer and archaeologist who excavated an Iron Age settlement at the hamlet of Dainton, at Ipplepen, Teignbridge, Devon.
T. M. Wilkes | Introduction
Its aim is to use the aDNA preserved in ancient skeletons to determine patterns of kinship, immigration and residence.
Richard J. Harrison | Introduction
He wrote many articles for archaeological journals and notable books on "Scotland's Ruined Abbeys" (1900) and "The Story of Athens" (1902). Expedition documents include “Architecture,” Part II of "Publications of American Expedition to Syria" (1903) and “Ancient Architecture in Syria,” in Division II of "Publications of Princeton Expedition to Syria".
Howard Crosby Butler | Works
This article can be related to the field and study of archaeology in many ways. As will be explained, it relates to the field in relation to the appeal of adventure and the fashion. As noted in Timothy Clack and Marcus Brittain's book "Archaeology and the Media", in the clip one can see that both Roy and Hank match the description. Both brothers are seen throughout the clip dressed in typical colonial wear. The action of hunting the mosquitoes is also greatly dramatized to give it more of an archaeo-appeal. The hunt is also very glamorized and portrayed as being very dangerous.
Archaeology Today | Archaeological perspective
According to Ford, it had been flown in the CIA's Air America operations, and was riddled with bullet holes that had to be patched up.
Harrison Ford | Aviation
Chapman's research concentrates on the material remains in paleoethnobotony, museology and public archaeology in the southeast United States and Americas.
Jefferson Chapman | Research emphases
Kelley, and Yale University with a MPhil, and PhD, where he studied with Michael D. Coe. During his time at Yale he was a MacArthur Fellow, at the age of 33.
Peter Mathews (archaeologist) | Introduction
Aviation history sites on land that can be subject to archaeological survey or excavation can include airports (which can contain hangars, terminal, other facilities, etc.), crash sites, monuments, or even properties associated with important persons or events in aviation history. Some examples of potential and current archaeological sites:
Aviation archaeology | Terrestrial sites
Of this time, MacNeish writes: "My energy was boundless: I dug, I hiked, I climbed cliffs, I learned, I went to dances, I mixed cement by hand, I caught rattlesnakes, I packed mules. Most important, I did and talked archaeology morning, noon, and night – and loved every moment of it". He continued to be influenced by Dr. Kidder, and refined his field archaeology methods under George Brainerd, eventually forming his personal excavation technique La Perre. At the urging of several Southwestern archaeologists, MacNeish prepared to transfer to the University of Chicago to study under Fay-Cooper Cole. Before doing so, however, he had an unrelated feat to achieve.
Richard MacNeish | Early life and education
The winter of 1877-78 he spent in Egypt seeking evidence of the paleolithic age in that country. The results of his investigations were presented at the International Congress of Anthropological Sciences, held in Paris in 1878, where he was rewarded with a medal and a diploma, and his paper was afterward published in the "Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences". Returning to the United States Haynes settled in Boston, where he became a member of the school-board and a trustee of the Boston Public Library. He continued to devote most of his time to archaeology, however, collecting primarily in the American Southwest and Mexico, and contributing to scientific and literary journals.
Henry Williamson Haynes | Introduction
Binford first became dissatisfied with the present state of archaeology while an undergraduate at UNC. He felt that culture history reflected the same 'stamp collecting' mentality that had turned him away from biology. At Michigan, he saw a sharp contrast between the "excitement" of the anthropology department's cultural anthropologists (which included Leslie White) and the "people in white coats counting their potsherds" in the Museum of Anthropology. His first academic position was as an assistant professor at the University of Chicago, where he taught New World archaeology and statistical methods in archaeology. Shortly after his appointment he wrote his first major article, "Archaeology as Anthropology" (1962), which was stimulated by problems in archaeological methodology that had become apparent with the use of radiocarbon dating to verify the dates and cultural typologies generated with relative dating techniques such as seriation.
Lewis Binford | New Archaeology
Jeffrey Quilter, an archaeologist with Harvard University said, "You can go up three metres and photograph a room, 300 metres and photograph a site, or you can go up 3,000 metres and photograph the entire valley."
Archaeology | Drones
During the project, Harrington met archaeologist Edgar Lee Hewett and his excavation crew at the Gran Quivira ruins. There Harrington's interest in archaeology began to develop. Harrington returned to New Mexico following his graduation, taking a job with the New Mexico Highway Department and later a mining company. While there, Harrington visited a number of archaeological sites, including Alfred V. Kidder's excavations at what is now Pecos National Historical Park near Pecos, New Mexico. Following his sister's death, Harrington returned east, taking a position with an architect in South Bend, Indiana until it dissolved in 1932. The Great Depression led Harrington to reconsider his career path, and he enrolled as a graduate student in archaeology at the University of Chicago.
J. C. Harrington | Education
He leads tours to Jordan for Far Horizons Archaeological and Cultural trips
Gary O. Rollefson | Archaeological Tours
Roosevelt recalls that, inspired by her mother, through reading and a trip to Mesa Verde, she became interested in archaeology at the age of nine. She graduated from Stanford University in 1968 with a Bachelor of Arts in History, Classics, and Anthropology. In 1977, she earned a Ph.D. degree in anthropology from Columbia University. From 1975 to 1985, she worked as a curator at the Museum of the American Indian. Roosevelt was a guest curator at the American Museum of Natural History from 1985 to 1989. She was later a curator of archaeology at the Field Museum of Natural History.
Anna Curtenius Roosevelt | Education and career
The artifacts returned from these expeditions would form the core of the University’s holdings in classical archaeology and papyrology and papyrological studies was established under Kelsey’s professorship. For this reason, the University's museum of archaeology was named after Kelsey in 1953.
Francis Kelsey | Legacy
Harrison was born in Teddington, Middlesex, England, on 9 June 1927. He received a 1st class degree from Trinity College, Cambridge, where he read natural sciences. At Cambridge, he became interested in anthropology after attending a lecture on "Australopithecus" by paleontologist Robert Broom. He received his DPhil from the University of Oxford for his work on the adaptation of mice to warm environments, which he conducted under the supervision of Joseph Weiner.
G. Ainsworth Harrison | Early life and education
Cushing, the expedition's director, brought along his wife, Emily, and her sister, Margaret Magill, as artist. The anthropologist, Frederick Webb Hodge was employed by the Bureau of American Ethnology. Magill and Hodge fell in love and married in 1891. The journalist and "Boston Herald" editor, Sylvester Baxter, served as the expedition's secretary-treasurer. Adolph Francis Alphonse Bandelier was a historian. Herman Frederik Carel ten Kate served as the physical anthropologist. Charles A. Garlick, a former topographer with the U.S. Geographical Survey, served as the field manager. Dr. Jacob Lawson Wortman, of the Army Medical Museum, was brought on to preserve the finds of the skeletal remains.
Hemenway Southwestern Archaeological Expedition | Personnel
In addition to his work on scripts and linguistics, he worked on calendrics and archaeoastronomy, particularly on application of archaeoastronomical data to the Maya calendar correlation problem. Kelley and Eugene Milone co-authored "Exploring Ancient Skies: An Encyclopedic Survey of Archaeoastronomy" (Springer, 2005).
David H. Kelley | Work and interests
CAHS' flagship program is the Aviation Archaeology (AvAr) Program. The Program was designed in 2005 and its inaugural class was held in 2006. The rudiments of aviation archaeology training subjects include preliminary project research of accident reports, federal/state laws, simple orienteering, site documentation and investigation. Graduate Field Agents visit aircraft crash sites, old missiles facilities, former aircraft manufacturing facilities, abandoned airfields and airstrips. There are over 800 military aircraft crash sites in Colorado.
Colorado Aviation Historical Society | Aviation Archaeology Program
[[Category:Historical archaeology]] [[Category:History of spaceflight]]
Space archaeology | External links
Harrison was president of the Royal Anthropological Institute from 1969 to 1970. He was also chair of the Society for the Study of Human Biology and of the Biosocial Society, as well as a member of many learned societies.
G. Ainsworth Harrison | Professional affiliations
Like his father, Haynes entered the USAF; he served for almost four years 1951–1954. During this time, he was posted to air bases in Fairbanks, Austin, El Paso and in Albuquerque. At each station he indulged his interest in archaeology, and sought contact with some of the early researchers studying Paleoindian traces. He was interested in rocketry and guided missiles, and was posted to special weapons units, including a stint at Sandia Base adjoining Albuquerque. In the Albuquerque area on his days off, he explored early human settlement sites with an Air Force colleague. After his military stint, Haynes returned to the Colorado School of Mines, earning his Bachelor of Science degree in geology and archaeology in 1956.
Vance Haynes | Early life
The industry magazine "Archaeology" named eight past and present archaeologists who they felt "embodied [Jones'] spirit" as recipients of the Indy Spirit Awards in 2008. That same year Ford himself was elected to the Board of Directors for the Archaeological Institute of America. Commenting that "understanding the past can only help us in dealing with the present and the future," Ford was praised by the association's president for his character's "significant role in stimulating the public's interest in archaeological exploration." He is perhaps the most influential character in films that explore archaeology. Since the release of "Raiders of the Lost Ark" in 1981, the very idea of archaeology and archaeologists has fundamentally shifted.
Indiana Jones (character) | Archaeological influence
Ford is a student and collector of Native American culture and is interested in genealogical research, with membership in the Society of Mayflower Descendants, Society of Colonial Wars, Society of the Sons of the Revolution, The Baronial Order of the Magna Charta, the Order of the Crusades (with 11 Crusaders in his direct line), the Crown of Charlemagne (Charlemagne is Peter's 38th Great Grandfather) and The Order of Founders and Patriots of America. He also collects movie memorabilia from Hollywood's Golden Age, and maintains The Glenn Ford and Eleanor Powell Library and Archives and as a writer, he has published numerous articles.
Peter Ford (actor) | Hobbies and interests
Other bases, like the Arlington Auxiliary Army Airfield reverted to farming and ranching. In 1990, 1994, and 1998, archaeologists investigated, using airborne remote sensing studies and limited excavation, a vintage hangar of the Huffman Prairie Flying Field Site at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. The investigations were “designed to provide information needed for site management by Wright-Patterson Air Force Base and the Dayton Aviation Heritage National Historical Park of the National Park Service. The geophysical and remote sensing investigations revealed magnetic, electromagnetic, and ground penetrating radar anomalies and infrared thermal images associated with the hangar structure. The archaeological excavations located an in situ wood post, posthole features, and artifacts which represent archaeological remains of the actual hangar”.
Aviation archaeology | Abandoned airfields
David Kennedy’s research focus is on the Roman Near East, with an emphasis on Jordan. His interests encapsulate Roman landscape studies, military studies, as well as Roman infrastructure in the Near East. Kennedy established (1978) and directed (until 2018) the Aerial Photographic Archive for Archaeology in the Middle East (APAAME), a project designed to investigate, document and photograph archaeological sites throughout this region using remote sensing. This includes historical imagery and mapping, satellite imagery and aerial photography. The project is designed both to develop a methodology suited to the region and to illuminate settlement history in the Near East. Between 1997 and 2018 Kennedy conducted annual aerial reconnaissance over Jordan - the Aerial Archaeology in Jordan (AAJ) project, as part of the Aerial Archaeology in Jordan project.
David L. Kennedy | Scholarship
His theories over the origin of the Poverty Point culture later became obsolete, his samples and results of radiocarbon dating were inaccurate due to the very early stages of that technology. In 1958 he excavated the Menard-Hodges Site in southeastern Arkansas. James A. Ford died of cancer on February 25, 1968 in Gainesville, Florida.
James A. Ford | Archaeological work
He has now retired from full-time field archaeology, but still appears on television and writes books as well as being a working sheep farmer.
Francis Pryor | Introduction
Barbara J. Heath (born 1960) is a professor in the Department of Anthropology at The University of Tennessee, Knoxville who specializes in historical archaeology of eastern North America and the Caribbean. Her research and teaching focus on the archaeology of the African diaspora, colonialism, historic landscapes, material culture, public archaeology and interpretation, and Thomas Jefferson.
Barbara J. Heath | Introduction
Dr Harrison later became interested in biogeography and the museum's avian paleontological collection, on which he published a number of articles with Cyril Walker. He studied and published on different aspects of bird behaviour, on plumage patterns, and on the bone structure of modern and fossil birds. He identified "Eostrix vincenti" in 1980.
Colin Harrison (ornithologist) | Introduction
In 1929 he learned to fly and purchased a red De Havilland Puss Moth, which he named "Maid of the Mist", the first privately owned aeroplane in Oxford, which he kept at his own airfield at Clifton Hampden. Piloting his aircraft and using a hand‐made camera, he made aerial pictures mostly taken between 1933 and 1938 of known, and previously unknown, unrecorded archaeological sites. He took about 2000 photographs, mostly oblique, taken from an altitude of only 300–450 metres, a contribution that enabled interpretation by O. G. S. Crawford of archaeological sites in Wiltshire, Hampshire, Kent, Somerset, Hertfordshire, Dorset, Gloucestershire and Lincolnshire, but most especially in Oxfordshire.
George W. G. Allen | Aerial photography of archaeological sites
Rafinesque made a notable contribution to North American prehistory with his studies of ancient earthworks of the Adena and Hopewell cultures, especially in the Ohio Valley. He was the first to identify these as the "Ancient Monuments of America". He listed more than 500 such archaeological sites in Ohio and Kentucky. Rafinesque never excavated; rather, he recorded the sites visited by careful measurements, sketches, and written descriptions. Only a few of his descriptions were published, with his friend John D. Clifford's series "Indian Antiquities", eight long letters in Lexington's short-lived "Western Review and Miscellaneous Magazine" (1819–1820). Clifford died suddenly in 1820, ending his contributions.
Constantine Samuel Rafinesque | Study of prehistoric cultures
James Penrose Harland (1891–1973) was an American archaeologist of the ancient Aegean. Harland earned his BA (1913), MA, and PhD from Princeton University and also completed service with the United States Navy during World War I. In addition to Princeton, he studied at the University of Bonn (1913–14). He would teach archaeology at the University of Michigan and the University of Cincinnati before joining the faculty of Classics at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1922 as an Assistant Professor of Classics. Harland became associate professor of archaeology in 1927 and professor of archaeology in 1929. He retired in 1963.
James Penrose Harland | Introduction
Frank Cumming Hibben (December 5, 1910 – June 11, 2002) was a well-known archaeologist whose research focused on the U.S. Southwest. As a professor at the University of New Mexico (UNM) and writer of popular books and articles, he inspired many people to study archaeology. He was also controversial, being suspected of scientific fraud during his studies of Paleo-Indian cultures.
Frank C. Hibben | Introduction
Jeremy "Jerry" Arac Sabloff (born 1944) is an American anthropologist and past president of the Santa Fe Institute. Sabloff is an expert on ancient Maya civilization and pre-industrial urbanism. His academic interests have included settlement pattern studies, archaeological theory and method, the history of archaeology, the relevance of archaeology in the modern world, complexity theory, and trans-disciplinary science. Sabloff received his Bachelor's degree from the University of Pennsylvania and his PhD in 1969 from Harvard, where his doctoral supervisor was archaeologist Gordon Willey. He was the Christopher H. Browne Distinguished Professor of Anthropology at the University of Pennsylvania, as well as the Williams Director of the University of Pennsylvania Museum (1994–2004) and interim director of the museum (2006–2007).
Jerry Sabloff | Introduction
In response, he offered that archaeologists should focus more on quantitative data and spatial distributions of artifacts and features within sites. Part of this new focus on sites as units of analysis would require the collection of what might have appeared as trivial data, as well as paying better attention to things like paleoenvironmental data. All this was done with the aim of developing comparative approaches at the site level and beyond. Taylor's "A Study of Archaeology" provided a number of early impacts. First, it was a history of Americanist archaeology. Alongside V. Gordon Childe and especially Grahame Clark, he envisaged an archaeology that saw the necessary goal of archaeology as the reconstruction of prehistoric lifeways with a focus on cultures as "functioning entities embracing social, political, and ideological as well as economic components that the archaeologist must try to study holistically from the inside".
Conjunctive archaeology | "A Study of Archaeology"
Although many archaeologists agreed that their research was integral to anthropology, Taylor's program was never fully implemented. One reason was that his three-tier model of inferences required too much fieldwork and laboratory analysis to be practical. Moreover, his view that material remains were not themselves cultural, and in fact twice-removed from culture, in fact left archaeology marginal to cultural anthropology. In 1962, Leslie White's former student Lewis Binford proposed a new model for anthropological archaeology, called "the New Archaeology" or "Processual Archaeology," based on White's definition of culture as "the extra-somatic means of adaptation for the human organism." This definition allowed Binford to establish archaeology as a crucial field for the pursuit of the methodology of Julian Steward's cultural ecology:
American anthropology | Archaeology
He was associated with Columbia University and the U.S. Geological Survey. During the Hemenway Southwestern Archaeological Expedition, he met and later married Margaret Magill, sister of Emily Tennison Magill Cushing, wife of the expeditionary leader, Frank Hamilton Cushing. He was the director of the Southwest Museum of the American Indian in Los Angeles. He served as executive officer at the Smithsonian Institution, chairman of the Committee of Editorial Management and the Committee dealing with the Linguistic Families North of Mexico. He was a member of the Committee on Archaeological Nomenclature, the Committee of Policy, the National Research Council, and the Laboratory of Anthropology, School of American Research, Journal of Physical Anthropology, and the Museum of the American Indian in New York City.
Frederick Webb Hodge | Career
In general, most recent-day (since the 1980s) aircraft crashes are removed entirely, due to environmental regulations, leaving very little to indicate the existence of a wreck. For example, military crashes in Arizona originate from numerous air bases, past and present. Because of the warm and sunny weather, much of the U.S. Army Air Forces flight training was located in the state, both during and after WWII. Numerous air bases dotted the states – creating conditions for numerous training accidents. Old abandoned US Army Air Corp auxiliary fields and those converted to city municipal airports provide archaeological sites to be researched and investigated.
Aviation archaeology | History of aviation archaeology and current issues
Harrison has degrees in history and anthropology at the University of South Florida. He was influenced towards skepticism by thinking about Erich von Däniken's book "Chariots of the Gods?", which theorized that Earth had been visited by aliens during antiquity.
Guy P. Harrison | Early life and education
Those were exciting and revelatory tours for Lee, who until then had ignored the Old World and concentrated his efforts on New World archaeology. Long fascinated by the massive stone structures of Peru and Easter Island, Lee became intrigued by ancient Old World societies, with their massive buildings and monuments, such as those of Rome, Egypt, Greece, and Crete. The trip inspired him to embark on a whole new field of study — megalithic building technology utilizing massive stone blocks.
Vince Lee (explorer) | Southwest archaeologist
During his teaching career, professor Wright directed three archaeological expeditions:
G. Ernest Wright | Archaeological expeditions
Aerial archaeology is the predominant form of research being undertaken in order to discover more about the Khatt Shebib, as it suits best to the expansive region. These archaeological projects are led by multiple organisations, including the 'Aerial Archaeology in Jordan Project'. Another organisation involved in this process of researching the Khatt Shebib is the 'Aerial Photographic Archive for Archaeology in the Middle East', which has an archive of over 115,000 photographs. These projects photograph and survey the ancient wall from above and on the ground. Using this they study the wall through methods such as comparing the modern remains to historical imagery and maps mainly from the 1940s and 1950s.
Khatt Shebib | Aerial archaeology
The activity dates to post-World War II Europe when, after the conflict, numerous aircraft wrecks studded the countryside. Many times, memorials to those involved in the crashes were put together by individuals, families, landholders, or communities. Crash sites vary in size and content; some may have fuselages, engines, and thousands of parts and debris. Other sites, like in civilian/commercial crashes, the Federal Aviation Administration and the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) will have almost all of the aircraft and debris removed; which makes aviation archaeology more challenging. Remains of military aircraft crash sites may also be removed by various aircraft restoration groups, particularly if the aircraft was found largely intact.
Aviation archaeology | History of aviation archaeology and current issues
Most anthropology scholars dismiss hyperdiffusionism for a variety of reasons. The theory assumes that humanity is singularly uninventive and can rarely create tools to meet the challenges of the environment. Hyperdiffusionism also assumes that if artifacts are similar in appearance, they must be related in some manner. Similarities between tool shape, size, and manufacturing processes could simply be coincidental, making it impossible to assume relatedness. Carter's theory that ancient people visited the New World by boat is possible, but there is no reasonable evidence to support it. For example, the Kensington Runestone, discovered in 1898 in Minnesota, was purportedly left by an exploratory party of Vikings.
George F. Carter | Hyperdiffusionism
His current research interests are New World and Mesoamerican civilizations, landscape archaeology, remote sensing, geographic information systems (GIS) applied to archaeology, Mesoamerican iconography and religion, the evolution of complex societies, and archaeology in pop culture.
William Saturno | Introduction
Charles Harrison McNutt (born December 11, 1928 in Denver, Colorado) is an American archaeologist and a scholar of the prehistoric Southeastern United States. He has conducted fieldwork and published works on the archaeology of the American Southwest and the Great Plains in South Dakota. His work emphasizes on a strong understanding of cultural history and statistical analysis.
Charles H. McNutt | Introduction
Henry Tutwiler Wright (born 1943) is an American archeologist and educator. Wright has had significant contributions to the field of archaeology through his fieldwork, publications, and teaching. He serves as the Albert Clanton Spaulding Distinguished University Professor of Anthropology in the Department of Anthropology, and Curator of Near Eastern Archaeology in the Museum of Anthropology at the University of Michigan. He is also an External Professor at the Santa Fe Institute and a member of the Santa Fe Institute's Science Board.
Henry T. Wright | Introduction
Robert Norman Zeitlin (born 1935) is an American professor emeritus of anthropology at Brandeis University. He has a B.A. in psychology from Cornell University, a B.S. in aeronautical engineering from Boston University, an M.A. in anthropology from City University of New York, and a M.Phil. and Ph.D. in anthropology from Yale University. Zeitlin is a specialist and well-regarded expert in the archaeology of Mexico and Central AmericaMesoamerica, in particular of the Zapotec and other cultures of pre-Columbian Oaxaca and the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, as well as on the political economies of ancient societies in general. Originally educated as an aeronautical engineer his interests turned to anthropology and archaeology after a stint as a naval officer and subsequent travel in Southeast Asia.
Robert N. Zeitlin | Introduction
In 1933 Ford built a tentative chronology of the cultures on the lower Mississippi River. Between 1933 and 1934, he worked at the Ocmulgee National Monument in Macon, Georgia, under Arthur Randolph Kelly. Also in 1934, he investigated the Tabby ruins at Elizafield Plantation near Brunswick, Georgia. From August 1 to September 1, 1934, he worked for the Georgia State Parks Service; and later that year, from September 2 to October 15, he worked for the Southeast Fair Association to develop an American Indian Exhibition in Atlanta, Georgia. In 1937, he became involved in a restoration project of an earthen lodge at Ocmulgee National Monument for the National Park Service.
James A. Ford | Archaeological work
Kidder then analyzed trends and changes in pottery styles in association with changes in the Pecos people’s culture and established a basic chronology for the Southwest. With Samuel J. Guernsey, he established the validity of a chronological approach to cultural periods. Kidder asserted that deductions about the development of human culture could be obtained through a systematic examination of stratigraphy and chronology in archaeological sites. This research laid the foundation for modern archaeological field methods, shifting the emphasis from a "gentlemanly adventure" adding items such as whole pots and cliff dwellings to museum coffers to the study of potsherds and other artifacts in relation to the cultural history.
Alfred V. Kidder | Archaeological career
During the Second World War, he applied his schooling in physical anthropology to research for gas mask design. He was granted a Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1948 based on his work with the School of American Research in Mexico and west Texas: "Jumano and Patarabueye, Relations at La Junta de los Ríos". the chairman of his doctoral committee was Clyde Kluckhohn. In 1949 Kelley began a short stint as the curator of the Archaeology Museum at the University of Texas-Austin. The next year he moved to Southern Illinois University-Carbondale (SIU) to direct that university's museum, which he was charged with modernizing, and to create an anthropology department.
J. Charles Kelley | Introduction
Francis Willey Kelsey (May 23, 1858 – May 14, 1927) was a classics scholar, professor, and archaeologist that would go on to lead the first expedition to the Near-East done by the University of Michigan (U of M). His papyrus findings and the collection of antiquities he acquired for the university brought him fame not only among University of Michigan faculty but around the world. Originally hailing from New York, he would teach at Lake Forest University, in Illinois, eventually coming to the University of Michigan. He was the secretary of the Archaeological Institute of America, Vice President, and eventually President, of the American Philological Association while he was at U of M.
Francis Kelsey | Introduction
Aviation archaeology is a recognized sub-discipline within archaeology and underwater archaeology as a whole. It is an activity practiced by both enthusiasts and academics in pursuit of finding, documenting, recovering, and preserving sites important in aviation history. For the most part, these sites are aircraft wrecks and crash sites, but also include structures and facilities related to aviation. It is also known in some circles and depending on the perspective of those involved as aircraft archaeology or aerospace archaeology and has also been described variously as crash hunting, underwater aircraft recovery, wreck chasing, or wreckology .
Aviation archaeology | Introduction
Archaeological explorations were conducted in Peru and British Honduras. These focussed on ancient pottery from Trujillo, textiles of the early Nazca period and an osteological study of Nasca trophy heads collected by A.L. Kroeber.
Captain Marshall Field Expeditions | Archaeological explorations in Peru and British Honduras
While flying from Cairo to Baghdad in the 1920s, he took some of the earliest archaeological aerial photographs of sites in eastern Transjordan (now Jordan), and published several articles in "Antiquity" and the journal of the Palestine Exploration Fund. He is considered a father of the archaeological studies of this remote area, and a pioneer of aerial archaeology. He was also an accomplished sailor.
Lionel Rees | Introduction
Harrington contributed largely to the development and legitimization of historical archaeology as a discipline. He published the first summary of the field in 1952 in "Archaeology of Eastern United States" (edited by J. B. Griffin, pp. 335–344), entitled "Historic Site Archaeology in the United States." This was followed by "Archaeology as an Auxiliary Science to American History," published in "American Anthropologist" in 1955 (57(6, pt. 1):1121-1130), which examined the contributions historical archaeology could make to understanding the recent past. Harrington also published a booklet for the Society for State and Local History, "Archaeology and the Historical Society", in 1965. This publication addressed an audience outside the field of archaeology, giving an idea of the types of questions that historical archaeology could address to augment historical research.
J. C. Harrington | Scholarship
David Leslie Kennedy (born on 25 April 1948) is an archaeologist and historian of the Roman Near East, with a focus on Aerial Archaeology, Roman landscape studies and the Roman military. He is Emeritus Professor and Senior Honorary Research Fellow in Roman Archaeology and History at the University of Western Australia.
David L. Kennedy | Introduction
in 1900 (no small journey at the time) and befriended the prominent anthropologist Alice Cunningham Fletcher among others. In 1902, he wrote a pointed complaint about the pot-hunting practices, which he believed were destroying resources at Chaco Canyon. Wetherill and the Hyde Expedition were forbidden to excavate there.
Edgar Lee Hewett | Antiquities Act
Heath is currently an associate professor in the Department of Anthropology at the University of Tennessee, where she has worked since 2006. Previously, she directed the archaeology program at Thomas Jefferson's Poplar Forest (1992-2006), and worked as an archaeologist Monticello (1988-1991), the James River Institute for Archaeology(1987-1988), the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation (1985-1986), and the College of William and Mary (1983-1986).
Barbara J. Heath | Employment history
Several of the songs were actually older Innes songs that were dusted off and given the 'Rutles' treatment. The reunion was blessed by George Harrison, who encouraged The Pre-Fab Four to proceed. (When approached, he told Innes, 'Sure. It's all part of the "soup"...', an encounter that Innes related in interviews in 1996.)
Archaeology (album) | Introduction
Rather than take a simple technological or evolutionary approach, he realized that the task was to determine in which periods the artifacts had been made. Thomsen decided to map out which kinds of phenomena co-occurred in deposits and which did not, as this would allow him to discern any trends that were exclusive to certain periods. In this way he discovered that stone tools were found in connection with amber, pottery, glass beads, whereas bronze was found with both iron and gold, but silver was only found in connection with iron. He also found that bronze weapons did not occur with iron artifacts - so that each period could be defined by its preferred cutting material.
Christian Jürgensen Thomsen | Contributions to archaeology
In 1928 the Harleys were visited by George Schwab and his wife, a missionary couple involved in anthropological research. Schwab helped introduce Harley to the anthropologist Earnest Hooton of Harvard, the start of a long professional relationship. Harley studied anthropology and tropical medicine as a graduate student at Harvard in his first furlough from Liberia (1930–31), and was appointed a field associate for Harvard. He held this position for the rest of his missionary career. He spent his subsequent furloughs in 1938, 1944, 1948 and 1952 at the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology at Harvard where he worked with the displays of artifacts, wrote and studied.
George Way Harley | Anthropologist
Herbert Joseph Spinden (1879–1967) was an American anthropologist, archeologist and art historian who specialized in the study of Native American cultures of the US and Mesoamerica. In 1936 he was president of the American Anthropological Association. He was born in Huron, South Dakota. He obtained his Ph.D. in 1909 at Harvard where he specialized in Maya art under the direction of Alfred Tozzer, he then worked American Museum of Natural History where he undertook archeological studies in Mexico and Central America. While working as an archeologist in Central America he and Sylvanus G. Morley were among the American scientists gathering intelligence for the US Army.
Herbert Spinden | Introduction
Macdonald was involved in archaeological excavations from 1902, when he excavated Bar Hill Fort with Alexander Park. One of his obituaries says "scholarship is not incompatible with administrative ability". He employed "scientific method and equipment" in his fieldwork and excavations, resulting in new discoveries in the discipline of Romano-British history. Macdonald's father had also an interest in Roman archaeology.
George Macdonald (archaeologist) | Life
He also became involved with the recovery of archaeological material from tombs on Okinawa that were to be removed to make way for a military base. Though he had no training in archaeology, Binford found himself excavating and identifying these artifacts, which were then used to restock the destroyed museum in Shuri. After leaving the military Binford went to study anthropology at the University of North Carolina (UNC). The military subsidy he received was not enough to fund his study completely, so Binford used the skills in construction he learned from his father (a carpenter) to start a modest contracting business.
Lewis Binford | Early life and education
For three seasons early in the 1970s, he was in charge of the archaeological summer school that excavated the Roman fort at Strageath, near Crieff, in Perthshire. Between 1955 and 1961 he excavated at Verulamium. He then became Professor of the Archaeology of the Roman Provinces at the University of London from 1961 to 1966 before becoming Professor of the Archaeology of the Roman Empire at Oxford University, where his communicative lectures at the Archaeological Institute, almost always illustrated with visual tools, on Iron Age and Roman Britain and the Rhine frontier of the Roman Empire were well attended. He was married in 1961 to Janet, daughter of Edward Graham Hoare, and had two children, Sarah Barbara Ruth (born 1962) and Bartle Henry David Hoare (born 1963).
Sheppard Frere | Biography
His earliest work was influenced by Smith's belief that all of human civilisation originated in ancient Egypt. In his first book, "Ancient Mariners" (1928), Forde traced the origins of shipbuilding and maritime navigation to Egypt, whence he supposed it was carried around the world in ancient voyages: Smith and Forde also collaborated on the excavation of a Bronze Age tumulus near Dunstable. The main focus of his research in the anatomy department, however, was the megalithic cultures of prehistoric western Europe. In this he was influenced by the culture historical theories of V. Gordon Childe, who would become a lifelong friend and collaborator.
Daryll Forde | Education and early career
Lucas came to be recognized by his contemporaries as an authority on ancient animals. His description of himself was that of "all round" naturalist, a type specimen he regarded regretfully as fast disappearing. Because of his associations at the National Museum he was able to meet and associate with many men of this type, Hornaday, Akeley, Ward, Howell, etc., people whose recognition was based on their writings as explorers rather than as academicians. He never regarded as himself as deficient in that respect. After instruction in the techniques of scientific writing and manuscript preparation by a friend early in his career, he published more than 350 articles, primarily in the area of avian osteology but also relating to natural history and the role of the museum and public education.
Frederic Augustus Lucas | Legacy
Other interests of his include studies of the Quaternary extinction event, the Pleistocene–Holocene transition in which megafauna died off in great numbers. Haynes has studied both modern and historic climate change, human occupation of the Sahara, and battlefield archaeology.
Vance Haynes | Archaeology
He therefore turned his attention to the problems of getting these sites preserved, as the number of national monuments created under the Antiquities Act began to climb. In 1907 the Archaeological Institute of America gave Hewett an additional platform, by establishing the School of American Archaeology, later the School of American Research, in Santa Fe. Hewett's friend Alice Fletcher, by then the doyenne of American archaeology, was one of the prime backers of the School; Hewett became its first director, a position he would hold until his death in 1946. The School would provide Hewett not only with a mouthpiece, but also a base for his increasingly professional (if still controversial) research activities and students and collaborators to do the work.
Edgar Lee Hewett | Building the national monuments
Hale earned his undergraduate degree at Yale, where he was on the rowing team, and where he was influenced by military historian Donald Kagan. He earned his PhD at Cambridge, where his dissertation was on Viking longboats.
John R. Hale (archaeologist) | Early life and education
1947 "The Cultural Affiliations and Chronological Position of the Clear Fork Focus," "American Antiquity" 13: 97-109. Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/275682. Accessed 2012.12.31.197. 1952 "Factors Involved in the Abandonment of Certain Peripheral Southwestern Settlements," "American Anthropologist" 54: 356-387. DOI: 10.1525/aa.1952.54.3.02a00080. Accessed 2012.12.31. 1956 "The American Southwest: A Problem in Cultural Isolation," "Memoirs of the Society for American Archaeology" No. 11, "Seminars in Archaeology: 1955": 59-127 Jesse D. Jennings, Erik K. Reed, James B. Griffin, J. Charles Kelley, Clement W. Meighan, Stanley Stubbs, Joe Ben Wheat and Dee C. Taylor. Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/25146637. Accessed 2012.12.31.197.
J. Charles Kelley | Selected publications
George Willcox (born 1949) is an archaeobotanist who specialises in the origins of agriculture in the Near East. He has been employed as researcher with the CNRS (Centre national de la recherche scientifique)France since 1989. He has dual French and British nationality. He studied environmental archaeology under the late Prof. Dimbleby at the Institute of Archaeology in London during the early 1970s and was then was employed as environmental archaeologist by the Museum of London. In 1977 he married and left his job to follow his interest in Near Eastern archaeobotany. An interest which he had acquired as an undergraduate working with Gordon Hillman in Turkey.
George Willcox | Introduction
He said: My initial interest in archaeology began when I was a student at the Reali school in Haifa, under the influence of the principal Dr. Arthur Biram, who taught us Bible combined with ancient history. During those days we went on many hikes, and we loved to hike with the Bible in hand. Among other places, we visited ancient Samaria and the archaeological digs of the American expedition; we visited Jerusalem, the Western Wall, Hebron and the Cave of the Patriarchs. I think that these were the seeds that later sprouted when Professor Albright, one of the great archaeologists, invited me to come study with him.
Avraham Biran | Biography
In America, aviation archaeologists, crosstrained in other areas of study, are found in the employ of Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command (JPAC), traveling to former war zones throughout the world, to search for the remains of American servicemen and women that have been lost. Many of these losses involve aircraft mishaps in remote and difficult to reach areas. A group of volunteers, under the banner of "The BentProp Project", have pursued American military wreck sites and remains without disturbing them; their findings are forwarded to JPAC. In Australia and in some other parts of the world, where there are human remains involved, a tendency has been for the armed forces to secure the services of forensic anthropologists and crash investigators.
Aviation archaeology | As a profession
It was during his later schooling in Colorado that Morley first developed an interest in archaeology, and in particular Egyptology. However his father—a man trained in the hard sciences and who had graduated at the top of his class in civil engineering at PMC—was initially unsupportive of his ambitions. Seeing little scope for employment opportunities in archaeology, the Colonel encouraged his son to study engineering instead. Sylvanus duly enrolled in a civil engineering degree at PMC, graduating in 1904. Nonetheless immediately upon graduating from PMC Sylvanus got his wish, and was able to attend Harvard University in pursuit of an undergraduate degree in archaeology.
Sylvanus Morley | Early life, education and first expeditions
He subsequently worked on the faunal remains back in Cambridge, assisted by the much-respected lab technician, Don Allen. This investigation became the focus of a series of influential papers on the Haua Fteah faunal sequence, specifically examining the relationship between the animal bones identified there and the environmental setting of the site.
Eric Sidney Higgs | Becoming an archaeologist
Excavators also found dung along with other parts of the skeleton. Harrington came to the controversial conclusion that humans and the ground sloth had existed at the same time and dated them to 8500 BC. Later studies showed he was in the correct range for the animal bones, but badly mistaken about the human artifacts, which were dated to 900-400 BC. His dating for another site at Tule Springs, near Las Vegas, has equally been called into question. Harrington found a spear point in an apparent fire pit alongside the bones of several ancient animals, which led him to assert in a published article that they were contemporaries and that the site was between 10,000 and 25,000 years old.
Mark Raymond Harrington | Southwest Museum
Binford criticised what he saw as a tendency to treat artifacts as undifferentiated traits, and to explain variations in these traits only in terms of cultural diffusion. He proposed that the goal of archaeology was exactly the same as that of anthropology more generally, viz. to "explicate and explain the total range of physical and cultural similarities and differences characteristic of the entire spatio-temporal span of man's existence." This would be achieved by relating artifacts to human behavior, and behavior to cultural systems (as understood by his mentor, cultural anthropologist Leslie White). Several other archaeologists at Chicago shared Binford's ideas, a group their critics began calling the "New Archaeologists".
Lewis Binford | New Archaeology
Brennan while looking for "Icepick" at a model airplane enthusiasts gathering. Unaware of Zack's interest in planes, Booth comments every "airplane freak" in the area was at the event, and Zack corrects him by saying the enthusiasts prefer to be called "pilots." Zack mentions forensic anthropology is only one of his areas of study; he received a second doctorate in applied engineering, and he is extremely adept in practical aeronautics.
Zack Addy | Characterization
Mainstream archaeology scholars dismissed many of Carter's lithic artifacts to be geofacts, rocks that have a similar appearance to human-worked stone tools due to natural weathering processes. Carter's theories about the early peopling of the New World could have been influencing his observations. Because of Carter's tendency to exhibit questionable artifacts as data, some scholars began to call any dubious artifacts "cartifacts".
George F. Carter | Artifacts vs. geofacts
The objects found in these deposits were in various conditions of preservation, from those which looked fresh and almost new, to those which could be hardly distinguished from the briny peat mire where they were embedded. They consisted of wood, cordage and like perishable materials associated with implements and ornaments of more enduring substances, such as shell, bone and horn. Only a few shaped of stone were encountered during the entire search. Articles of wood far outnumbered all others. Many of these had been painted with black, white, gray-blue, and brownish-red pigments. Unique to archaeology as these things were, Cushing was distressed to feel that even by merely exposing and inspecting them, the expedition was dooming so many of them to destruction, rather than preserving them as permanent examples of primitive art.
Pepper–Hearst expedition | Operations at Key Marco
Frank Harold Hanna Roberts (1897–1966) was an American archaeologist and anthropologist, who was the final director of the Bureau of American Ethnology of the Smithsonian Institution. He worked largely in the American West, including field research at the Lindenmeier Site in Northern Colorado and Pueblo Bonito in New Mexico. A 1951 recipient of the Viking Fund Medal, he served as associate editor of the "American Anthropologist" from 1932 to 1944 and as assistant editor of "American Antiquity" from 1935 to 1950. He was a member of several scientific societies, including the American Geographical Society, Anthropological Society of Washington (president, 1936), Washington Academy of Sciences (president, 1949), American Anthropological Association (vice president, 1944), Society for American Archaeology (president, 1950), and the American Association for the Advancement of Science (vice president, 1952).
Frank H. H. Roberts | Introduction
The archaeology laboratory at his university is named after him.
James B. Stoltman | Introduction
His research has explored how cultural ecology can help explain the rise of civilizations and how cultures affect each other. Adams has proposed, based on his excavations in Mesopotamia, that there was no single condition behind the complex societies of ancient cities and states; they were a product of numerous interrelated conditions, especially social organization and craft specialization. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1957. Adams received the Gold Medal Award for Distinguished Archaeological Achievement in 2002 from the Archaeological Institute of America.
Robert McCormick Adams Jr. | Scholarly research
In 1947 he worked for the Smithsonian Institution River Basin Surveys, where he became familiar with the Smithsonian nomenclature for archaeological site numbering, a method in which he made useful later in his career at the Yellow Jacket Colorado excavation site. Wheat attended the University of Arizona where he advanced his studies in Anthropology and earned his M.A. in 1949 and Ph.D. in 1953. During that time, he also worked as an Instructor of Anthropology and Field Foreman at the Archaeological Field School for the university. From 1952 to 1953 he was a Ranger and Archaeologist with the U.S. National Park Service at the Grand Canyon.
Joe Ben Wheat | Early years
Harriet "Hattie" Siliman Cosgrove (1887–1970) was an archaeologist trained in the Southwestern United States. Her fascination for archeology first started when she moved to Silver City, New Mexico, in 1906 with her husband Cornelius. In 1919 the Cosgroves bought land in Grant County, New Mexico and began excavating Mimbres Valley ceramics. The Mimbres Valley has pre-Columbian culture dating from 200AD to 1150AD. The Cosgroves reportedly spent their free time exploring the Mimbres Valley with their son, Burton Cosgrove, Jr. In the 1920s the Cosgroves met Alfred Vincent Kidder (1885–1963), at the time curator of North American Archeology at Harvard's Peabody Museum.
Harriet Cosgrove | Introduction
In 1966 they presented a set of papers at a meeting of the Society for American Archaeology which were later collected in the landmark "New Perspectives in Archaeology" (1968), edited by Binford and his then wife Sally, also an archaeologist. By the time this volume was published he had left Chicago – dismissed, according to Binford, because of increasing tension between himself and the senior archaeologists in the faculty, particularly Robert Braidwood. He moved to the University of California, Santa Barbara for a year and then on to UCLA. He did not like the atmosphere at UCLA's large faculty, and so took the opportunity to relocate to the University of New Mexico in 1969.
Lewis Binford | New Archaeology
James M. Adovasio was born in Youngstown, Ohio in 1944. He received his B.A. in Anthropology from the University of Arizona in 1965. He spent a year in the University of Arizona's graduate program in anthropology before pursuing his Ph.D., which he received in 1970 from the University of Utah. During his graduate studies, Adovasio worked on multiple excavations and ecological and archaeological mapping projects in Utah; he also performed basketry and textile analyses for Danger Cave and Hogup Cave. By his own admission, Adovasio was "programmed to be an archaeologist." He developed a passion for archaeology at a young age.
James M. Adovasio | Background
Jefferson Chapman (born 1943) is an archaeologist who conducted extensive excavations at sites in eastern Tennessee, recovering evidence that provided the first secure radiocarbon chronology for Early and Middle Archaic period assemblages in Eastern North America. He also is a research professor in anthropology and the Director of the Frank H. McClung Museum at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Chapman’s professional interests include Southeastern archaeology, paleoethnobotany, museology and public archaeology.
Jefferson Chapman | Introduction
Professor Pete Wilson, on behalf of English Heritage's Portico Properties Research Project, has suggested questions for future research and investigation of the site, including: excavation to establish its date and function; examination of historic documentation for medieval mention of use of the monument as a route or in a boundary dispute; and analysis of the site via a detailed aerial survey, lidar or other remote sensing technique to establish the extent of the monument beyond the length so far excavated. The possibility also exists to apply newer techniques such as optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) testing to attempt to date any bricks, pottery, or other fired materials found in situ in the structure, a method that was successfully used in the identification of a suspected Roman road near Bayston Hill in Shropshire.
Wade's Causeway | Future archaeological work
The expedition's agenda was to conduct archaeological and anthropological investigations in Fort Wingate, New Mexico and the Salt River Valley, near Phoenix, Arizona.
Hemenway Southwestern Archaeological Expedition | Background
in anthropology in 1972. As a youth, he was fascinated by natural history and science, and was always interested in American Indian cultures. In high school, he began reading anthropology and popular books on archaeology, and was initially interested in cultural anthropology. After attending an archaeological field school his senior year in college he decided to focus on archaeology in graduate school.
Gerald F. Schroedl | Introduction
Army surgeon Washington Matthews took care of the medical needs of the team. Fewkes was an ethnologist.
Hemenway Southwestern Archaeological Expedition | Personnel