Beyond this distance, slope angles are about 27°, which is caused by an increase in scoria. Mid-flank slope angles decrease from 23° to less than 10° in the piedmont. Scientists have identified four distinct phases of volcanic activity in the formation of Mount Fuji. The first phase, called "Sen-komitake", is composed of an andesite core recently discovered deep within the mountain. "Sen-komitake" was followed by the ""Komitake" Fuji", a basalt layer believed to be formed several hundred thousand years ago. Approximately 100,000 years ago, "Old Fuji" was formed over the top of "Komitake" Fuji. The modern, "New Fuji" is believed to have formed over the top of Old Fuji around 10,000 years ago.
Geology
Mount Fuji
Mount Fuji | Geology
Yes, Scientists have identified four distinct phases of volcanic activity in the formation of Mount Fuji. The first phase, called "Sen-komitake", is composed of an andesite core recently discovered deep within the mountain. Yes, second-highest volcano Yes it is the second-highest volcano located on an island in Asia Yes, it is the second-highest volcano located on an island in Asia
where do jet streams occur in the atmosphere
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On Earth, the main jet streams are located near the altitude of the tropopause and are westerly winds
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how were they discovered?
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In 1920s, Wasaburo Oishi, detected the jet stream from a site near Mount Fuji.
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where is this mountain located?
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It is  located on the island of Honshū, is the highest mountain in Japan
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how do people climb this mountain?
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Climbers usually start at the fifth stations, as these are reachable by car or by bus. The summit is the tenth station on each trail. The stations on different routes are at different elevations
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is it a volcanic mountain?
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Mount Fuji is the tallest volcano in Japan, and also the highest peak. The mountain as it appears now is the "New Fuji volcano", which began to erupt about 10,000 years ago. Under the "New Fuji volcano" lies the "Old Fuji volcano", which was active between 100,000 years ago and 10,000 years ago, and the "Komitake volcano", which became active 700,000 years ago.
Historic eruptions of Mount Fuji | Introduction
Volcanoes are formed when a plate is pushed below another plate, or at a mid-ocean ridge or hotspot. At a depth of around 100 km, melting occurs in rock above the slab (due to the addition of water), and forms magma that reaches the surface. When the magma reaches the surface, it often builds a volcanic mountain, such as a shield volcano or a stratovolcano. Examples of volcanoes include Mount Fuji in Japan and Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines. The magma does not have to reach the surface in order to create a mountain: magma that solidifies below ground can still form dome mountains, such as Navajo Mountain in the US.
Mountain | Volcanoes
, or Mount Kaimon, is an undissected volcano – consisting of a basal stratovolcano and a small central volcano, part of the Ibusuki field – which rises to a height of 924 metres above sea level near the city of Ibusuki in southern Kyūshū, Japan. The last eruption occurred in the year 885. Kaimondake is sometimes referred to as "the Fuji of Satsuma".
Mount Kaimon | Introduction
Movements of tectonic plates create volcanoes along the plate boundaries, which erupt and form mountains. A "volcanic arc system" is a series of volcanoes that form near a subduction zone where the crust of a sinking oceanic plate melts and drags water down with the subducting crust. Most volcanoes occur in a band encircling the Pacific Ocean (the Pacific Ring of Fire), and in another that extends from the Mediterranean across Asia to join the Pacific band in the Indonesian Archipelago. The most important types of volcanic mountain are "composite cones" or "stratovolcanoes" (Vesuvius, Kilimanjaro and Mount Fuji are examples) and "shield volcanoes" (such as Mauna Loa on Hawaii, a hotspot volcano).
Mountain formation | Volcanic mountains
There has been volcanic activity in the vicinity of Mount Fuji for several million years. The earliest geologically known volcano was that became active 700,000 years ago. Another volcano to the south-east of Mount Fuji—known as —was also highly active throughout the period. The peak of Komitake is about above sea-level on the north face of Mount Fuji (at the fifth station). Komitake entered another period of activity around 100,000 years ago. This created a new volcano known as that reached a height of . It created many explosive eruptions that threw out large amounts of scoria, volcanic ash and lava.
Historic eruptions of Mount Fuji | Komitake and Old Fuji
Geologically, the mountain is a cinder cone of andesite, formed by volcanic activity. It is thought that the mountain is a dormant vent to a still active volcano (designated Iō-tō, the name of the island as a whole). From 1889 to 1957, the Japanese government recorded sixteen eruptions on the peak. One eruption lasted for sixty-five minutes, and created a crater with a diameter of 35 meters and a depth of fifteen meters on the runway near the former airfield from World War II. The Japanese Meteorological Agency reported that on May 2, 2012, a small eruption caused water discoloration to the northeast, and confirmed the appearance of a new fumarole.
Mount Suribachi | Geology
Flank eruptions, mostly in the form of parasitic cinder cones, ceased in 1707. The largest cone, Omuro-Yama, is one of more than 100 cones aligned NW-SE and NE-SW through the summit. Mt. Fuji also has more than 70 lava tunnels and extensive lava tree molds. Two large landslides are at the head of the Yoshida-Osawa and Osawa-Kuzure valleys.
Mount Fuji | Geology
The volcano takes the form of a lava dome that was built above a ridge of a Tertiary mountain range, near the Japanese coast. The volcano is one of the youngest in Japan, its age is estimated at only 3100 years old. The top of the lava dome is cut by fissures where mild phreatic eruptions have taken place in recent historical times.
Niigata-Yakeyama | Morphology
Pre-Komitake started erupting in the Middle Pleistocene in an area north of Mount Fuji. After a relatively short pause, eruptions began again which formed Komitake Volcano in the same location. These eruptions ended 100,000 years ago. Ashitake Volcano was active from 400,000 to 100,000 years ago, and is located southeast of Mount Fuji. Mount Fuji started erupting 100,000 years ago, with Ko-Fuji (old-Fuji) forming 100,000 to 17,000 years ago, but which is now almost completely buried. A large landslide on the southwest flank occurred about 18,000 years ago. Shin-Fuji (new-Fuji) eruptions in the form of lava, lapilli and volcanic ash, have occurred between 17,000 and 8,000 years ago, between 7,000 and 3,500 years ago, and between 4,000 and 2,000 years ago.
Mount Fuji | Geology
Daisetsuzan National Park consists of three volcanic mountain groups. The groups consist of stratovolcanoes piled on top of each other. As one vent becomes active, it builds a peak then stops until a new vent appears. These groups are: These volcanic groups lie around a central highlands dominated by Mount Tomuraushi. The park is also known for its alpine meadows and remote backcountry.
Daisetsuzan National Park | Mountain groups
Scientists study the activity of the magma rising by measuring CO emissions in the deeper parts of the volcano. Studies from before the Tohoku earthquake show the CO emissions below 5 gCO/m/day, which is the detection limit. If the emissions rise above 5 gCO/m/day then seismic activity is occurring and an eruption could possibly take place. According to a five-stage evolutionary model for the release of volcanic gas, Mt. Fuji would be considered stage I. Magma is at a considerable depth and no emissions of gases can be observed regularly. Following the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, much attention was given to the volcanic reaction of Mount Fuji.
Historic eruptions of Mount Fuji | Current eruptive danger
Beyond this distance, slope angles are about 27°, which is caused by an increase in scoria. Mid-flank slope angles decrease from 23° to less than 10° in the piedmont. Scientists have identified four distinct phases of volcanic activity in the formation of Mount Fuji. The first phase, called "Sen-komitake", is composed of an andesite core recently discovered deep within the mountain. "Sen-komitake" was followed by the ""Komitake" Fuji", a basalt layer believed to be formed several hundred thousand years ago. Approximately 100,000 years ago, "Old Fuji" was formed over the top of "Komitake" Fuji. The modern, "New Fuji" is believed to have formed over the top of Old Fuji around 10,000 years ago.
Mount Fuji | Geology
The volcanoes are stratovolcanos that are 1 million to 200,000 years old. The rock is mainly basalt, dacite, and andesite. Mount Yoko has shown the most recent activity and is now considered an active volcano. It last erupted about 800 years ago. In 888 a debris avalanche on the East side of the volcanic massif caused Lake Matsubara to form. The Tateshina-kogen plateau was formed by a large lava flow.
Northern Yatsugatake Volcanic Group | Geology and volcanic activity
The following table lists the mountains in the volcanic group.
Tomuraushi Volcanic Group | List of volcanoes
It is the worst volcanic disaster in the country's recorded history. Mount Fuji is a dormant stratovolcano that last erupted on 16 December 1707 till about 1 January 1708. The Hōei eruption of Mount Fuji did not have a lava flow, but it did release some of volcanic ash. It spread over vast areas around the volcano and reached Edo almost away. Cinders and ash fell like rain in Izu, Kai, Sagami, and Musashi provinces. In Edo, the volcanic ash was several centimeters thick. The eruption is rated a 5 on the Volcanic Explosivity Index. There are three VEI-7 volcanoes in Japan.
Geography of Japan | Volcanic eruptions
After Mount Fuji and Mount Ontake, Mount Norikura is the third tallest volcano in Japan. It is a stratovolcano and hardened lava flows can still be seen near the peak. There are eight plains and 12 crater lakes on the mountain that were formed by volcanic activity. The Norikura Skyline is a road through the mountain, but it has to be closed for much of the year because of heavy snow fall. Even in the summer, some snow remains on the northeastern face of the mountain.
Mount Norikura | Nature
, is a volcanic mountain in Tottori Prefecture, Japan. It has an elevation of 1,729 metres. This mountain is the highest in the Chūgoku region, and the most important volcano on the Daisen volcanic belt: a part of Southwest Honshu volcanic arc, where the Philippine Sea Plate is subducting under the Amurian Plate.
Mount Daisen | Introduction
Mount Daisen is a complex volcano, made by repeated volcanic activity over thousands of years. Eruptions in this area started 1.8 million years ago and resulted in "Old Daisen" some 500,000 years ago. The Mount Daisen of today, "New Daisen", resulted from a second group of eruptions which started 50,000 years ago and ended 10,000 years ago in the caldera of Old Daisen. 50,000 years ago, this mountain had a plinian eruption from which volcanic ash can be found as far away as the Tohoku Region of Japan. Daisen is one of the 100 famous mountains in Japan, and also one of the Chūgoku 100 mountains.
Mount Daisen | Outline
The mountain has been selected by the Volcanic Eruption Prediction Council as a volcano that requires a complete monitoring and observation system for volcanic disaster prevention. It is a volcano that has a depression due to erosion between Mt. Shirane and Mt. Goshiki, which are composed of old Neogene volcanic rocks around the highest peak, Mt. Okushirane. This is a newly formed lava dome where there are mountains of the Shirane volcano group such as Maeshirane, Goshikiyama, Sotoyama, and Shiranekakuzan, which are stratovolcanoes. About 5300 years ago, there have been several large-scale eruptions, and it is believed that there are more than four eruptions that left sediments in the vicinity.
Mount Nikkō-Shirane | Volcanic History and Activity
Mount Fuji is located at a triple junction trench where the Amurian Plate, Okhotsk Plate, and Philippine Sea Plate meet. These three plates form the western part of Japan, the eastern part of Japan, and the Izu Peninsula respectively. The Pacific Plate is being subducted beneath these plates, resulting in volcanic activity. Mount Fuji is also located near three island arcs: the Southwestern Japan Arc, the Northeastern Japan Arc, and the Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc. Mt. Fuji's main crater is in diameter and in depth. The bottom of the crater is in diameter. Slope angles from the crater to a distance of are 31°–35°, the angle of repose for dry gravel.
Mount Fuji | Geology
Mount Kengamine (剣ヶ峰 "Kengamine"), one peak on the mountain, was formed in two eruptions 9,600 and 9,200 years ago. Mount Ebisu (恵比寿岳 "Ebisu-dake"), another peak, was formed during an eruption 2,000 years ago. Though the volcano has lost some of its eruptive power, volcanic gas is still escaping through the Yū River (湯川 "Yū-gawa") and there are many spa areas in the surrounding area.
Mount Norikura | Geological features
The Hakkōda Mountains are two clusters of stratovolcanoes in the Northeastern Japan Arc that consists of lava flows, debris flows, and pyroclastic ejecta and flows arranged into southern and northern groups. The volcanic peaks are made of non-alkali mafic rock; mostly andesite, dacite, and basalt. Although both groups of mountains formed in the Pleistocene, the southern group is older than the northern group. The southern group is made from rock that is 700,000 to 1,700,000 years old, while the northern group is made from rock that is 13,000 to 700,000 years old along the southwestern rim of an older caldera.
Hakkōda Mountains | Geology
The following table lists the mountains in the volcanic group. Other peaks include:
Tokachi Volcanic Group | List of volcanoes
, located on the island of Honshū, is the highest mountain in Japan, standing . It is the second-highest volcano located on an island in Asia (after Mount Kerinci on the island of Sumatra), and seventh-highest peak of an island on Earth. Mount Fuji is an active stratovolcano that last erupted from 1707 to 1708. The mountain stands about southwest of Tokyo and is visible from there on clear days. Mount Fuji's exceptionally symmetrical cone, which is snow-capped for about five months of the year, is commonly used as a cultural icon of Japan and it is frequently depicted in art and photography, as well as visited by sightseers and climbers.
Mount Fuji | Introduction
Mount Tateshina is a typical complex volcano. About the origin of the name of this mountain, "tate" means water-pepper, and "shina" means steps or high places. So "Tateshina" is literally a high mountain of water-peppers. The other name of this mountain "Suwa Fuji", literally, "Mount Fuji of the Suwa region". Mount Tateshina is an important part of Yatsugatake-Chūshin Kōgen Quasi-National Park.
Mount Tateshina | Outline
Mount Hōei ( = Hō-e-i-zan) is a flank volcano on the southeastern side of Mount Fuji ( above sea level). It emerged as the results of the 1707-08 Hōei eruption of Mount Fuji. Its height is 2,693 meters above sea level, and its name comes from the Hōei era. Mount Hōei, compared to Mount Fuji, is easier to climb and, at the same time, allows the climbers to enjoy the grandeur of Mount Fuji.
Mount Hōei | Introduction
On the Pacific side are steep mountains 1,500 to 3,000 meters high, with deep valleys and gorges. Central Japan is marked by the convergence of the three mountain chains—the Hida, Kiso, and Akaishi mountains—that form the Japanese Alps ("Nihon Arupusu"), several of whose peaks are higher than 3,000 meters. The highest point in the Japanese Alps is Mount Kita at 3,193 meters. The highest point in the country is Mount Fuji (Fujisan, also erroneously called Fujiyama), a volcano dormant since 1707 that rises to above sea level in Shizuoka Prefecture. On the Sea of Japan side are plateaus and low mountain districts, with altitudes of 500 to 1,500 meters.
Geography of Japan | Mountains and volcanoes
Mount Asahi is an active stratovolcano, in height that arose southwest of the Ohachi-Daira caldera. The Japan Meteorological Agency gave the region rank C in volcanic activity. The volcano consists mainly of andesite and dacite, Holocene volcanic non-alkali mafic rock less than 18,000 years old. In addition to the main peak, there is a smaller volcano emerging from the southeast shoulder of the mountain, .
Asahi-dake | Geology
These mountains consist of older eroded complex volcanoes, which were made by repeated volcanic eruptions over many thousands years. The last eruption was estimated from 600 to 800 years ago at Mount Kitayoko of North Yatsugatake Mountains. This is the only remaining active volcano. The other volcanoes are extinct. The volcanoes consist mostly of pyroxene andesite. Yatsugatake also lies nearby to the Fossa Magna ().
Yatsugatake Mountains | Geology
Its large summit is dominated by the Level Mountain Range, a small mountain range with prominent peaks cut by deep valleys. These valleys serve as a radial drainage for several small streams that flow from the volcano. Meszah Peak is the only named peak in the Level Mountain Range. The mountain began forming about 15 million years ago, with volcanism continuing up until geologically recent times. There have been four stages of activity throughout the long volcanic history of Level Mountain. The first stage commenced 14.9 million years ago with the eruption of voluminous lava flows; these lavas created a large shield volcano.
Level Mountain | Introduction
Mount Asama sits at the conjunction of the Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc and the Northeastern Japan Arc. The mountain is built up from non-alkali mafic and pyroclastic volcanic rocks dating from the Late Pleistocene to the Holocene. The main rock type is andesite and dacite. Scientists from the University of Tokyo and Nagoya University completed their first successful imaging experiment of the interior of the volcano in April 2007. By detecting sub-atomic particles called muons as they passed through the volcano after arriving from space, the scientists were able gradually to build up a picture of the interior, creating images of cavities through which lava was passing deep inside the volcano.
Mount Asama | Geology
The Ōu Mountains began to form in the Pliocene. They sit over the middle of the inner arc of the Northeastern Japan Arc. This is the result of the Pacific Plate subducting under the Okhotsk Plate. A chain of Quaternary volcanoes along the range forms the volcanic front.
Ōu Mountains | Geology
In 864 (the 6th year of the "Jōgan" era) there was an eruption on the north-east side of Mount Fuji, which produced a great amount of lava.
Historic eruptions of Mount Fuji | Jōgan eruption
The are an active volcanic complex in south-central Aomori Prefecture, Japan, in Towada-Hachimantai National Park. Often called or simply , the mountains are collectively one of the 100 Famous Japanese Mountains. Its peak, Mount Ōdake, lies southeast of central Aomori and west of central Towada and has an elevation of . The Hakkōda Mountains are located in the Ōu Mountains and are part of the Northeastern Japan Arc, a segment of the Pacific Ring of Fire. The volcanic complex consists of fourteen stratovolcanoes and lava domes arranged into two volcanic groups. The Northern Hakkōda Volcanic Group emerges from the rim of an caldera that dates back to the Pleistocene.
Hakkōda Mountains | Introduction
Mount Iwate consists of a younger eastern symmetrical stratovolcano (Higashi-Iwate, "East Iwate") overlapping an older western stratovolcano (Nishi-Iwate, "West Iwate") which has collapsed to form a caldera. Nishi-Iwate was formed approximately 700,000 years ago, and forms two-thirds of the mountain body. Nishi-Iwate was a later (300,000 years ago) parasitic volcano, which now forms the summit of the mountain. The oval-shaped, 1.8 x 3 km caldera of Nishi-Iwate has a 0.5 km wide crater, partially filled by a crater lake called Lake Onawashiro. Several somma including Yakushidake, the largest, surround the more recent Higashi Iwate crater rim. During the historical period, Mount Iwate erupted in 1686-1687 with a pyroclastic surge; however, the eruption of 1732 was much larger and resulted in a substantial lava flow on the northeast slopes of the mountain.
Mount Iwate | Geology
A University of Tokyo volcano observatory is located on the mountain's east slope. Volcanic gas emissions from this volcano are measured by a Multi-Component Gas Analyzer System, which detects pre-eruptive degassing of rising magmas, improving prediction of volcanic activity.
Mount Asama | Geology
Volcano Mountain is the youngest volcano in the Fort Selkirk Volcanic Field and one of the youngest in the northern section of the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province. The lava at Volcano Mountain is olivine nephelinite, which is an uncommon type of lava. This type of lava is believed to have come from much deeper inside the Earth than basaltic lava. The last eruption from Volcano Mountain produced young nephelinitic lava flows that remain unvegetated and appear to be only a few hundred years old. However, dating of sediments in lake impounded by the lava flows indicate that the youngest flows could not be younger than mid-Holocene and could be early Holocene or older.
Volcano Mountain | Geology
, is a volcanic mountain located on the border of Nichinan, Tottori Prefecture and Shōbara, Hiroshima Prefecture. The mountain has an elevation of . The name of Mount Dōgo in Japanese is formed from two kanji. The first, , means "road" and the second, , in this context means "behind" or "to the rear". Due to its scenery mountain is known as the "Queen of the Chūgoku Mountains."
Mount Dōgo | Introduction
Mount Tsurumi is a lava dome. It has several peaks, including, Mount Kuranoto, Mount Uchi, Mount Garan. This mountain is one of Japan 300 mountains, and a part of Aso Kujū National Park.
Mount Tsurumi | Outline
The mountainous islands of the Japanese archipelago form a crescent off the eastern coast of Asia. They are separated from the continent by the Sea of Japan, which serves as a protective barrier. Japan has 108 active volcanoes (10% of the world's active volcanoes) because of active plate tectonics in the Ring of Fire. The Japanese islands are the summits of mountain ridges uplifted near the outer edge of the continental shelf. About 73 percent of Japan's area is mountainous, and scattered plains and intermontane basins (in which the population is concentrated) cover only about 27 percent. A long chain of mountains runs down the middle of the archipelago, dividing it into two halves, the "face", fronting on the Pacific Ocean, and the "back", toward the Sea of Japan.
Geography of Japan | Mountains and volcanoes
Volcanism took place during the Plio-Pleistocene and into the Quaternary. The volcano has two summits, the high eastern Small Hasan Dagi and the high Big Hasan Dagi; both are located within a caldera and consist of lava domes and lava flows. Big Hasan Dagi has two nested craters with an wide and high inner cone that is the source of a lava flow. Fossil rock glaciers are found on the volcano. The volcano as a whole rises almost around the surrounding terrain and covers an area of with of rocks. The terrain of Mount Hasan is formed by phreatomagmatic breccias, ignimbrites, lahar deposits, lava domes, lava flows and pyroclastic flow deposits.
Mount Hasan | Geography and geomorphology
Mount Ōkueyama (大崩山), also known as Mount Ōkue, is a volcanic mountain on the Japanese island of Kyushu. Part of an ancient volcanic formation known as the Okueyama Volcano-plutonic Complex, Mount Ōkueyama (and possibly several nearby volcanoes) experienced a massive eruption ~13.7 million years before present (13.7 Ma); it has been postulated that this eruption measured 8.0 on the Volcanic Explosivity Index, making the Ōkueyama eruption one of the largest eruptions in recorded history. The mountain is now considered to be extinct. In 1990, the area around the mountain was designated a Forest Ecosystem Reserve, and In 2017 Mount Ōkueyama was declared part of a UNESCO biosphere reserve.
Mount Ōkueyama | Introduction
The is a range of volcanic mountains in central Hokkaidō, Japan. The mountain range is made up from the Daisetsuzan Volcanic Group and the Tomuraushi Volcanic Group. The volcanoes are part of the Kurile arc of the Pacific ring of fire.
Ishikari Mountains | Introduction
It exhibits a range of representative eruptions.
Historic eruptions of Mount Fuji | New Fuji
A volcano is a geological landform usually generated by the eruption through a vent in a planet's surface of magma. Volcano may also refer to:
Volcano (disambiguation) | Introduction
Mount Mitoku was formed from a volcanic eruption approximately 15 million years ago in the Pleistocene period. The layers of granite and other conglomerates at the base of the mountain were transformed by a volcano into large pyroxene deposits. Mount Mitoku eroded over time by wind and rain. Erosion on the southern side of the mountain created steep cliffs of to . Two rivers emerge from the slopes of Mount Mitoku: the Kotori River, which forms a deep valley, and one small unnamed river. The steep slopes of Mount Mitoku have created three waterfalls: namely, the Fudō, the Mahebi, and the Ryūtokuin.
Mount Mitoku | Geography
Following the Old Fuji period, there were about 4,000 years of inactivity, ending at around 5,000 years ago, when Mount Fuji became active again; this period is known as , and continues to the present day. Eruptions of New Fuji exhibit phenomena such as lava flows, magma, scoria, volcanic ash, collapses and side eruptions, leading it to be called "a department store of eruptions". Ash from New Fuji is often black, and eruptions are new in terms of geological layers. Valuable data on the activity of Mount Fuji is recorded in Japanese historical documents dating from the 8th century onwards.
Historic eruptions of Mount Fuji | New Fuji
The starting point of the hiking course going through those rocks is Nakano-dake shrine (). The most famous temple of the divine mountain, Myōgi Shrine (), is located on Hakuun-zan, on the east slope of Mount Myōgi. During Edo period, people thought that the god of the mountain protected the population from fire and lightnings. Mount Fuji is located south of Mount Myōgi. Mount Myōgi is made out of volcanic rocks (dacite, tuff) and conglomerates. It was formed 3 million years ago, at the same time as Mount Arafune located south-west, after a volcanic caldera. Later, the soft sedimentary layer is thought to have been eroded which gave the mountain its current rugged appearance.
Mount Myōgi | Overview
Mount Iwaki is a roughly symmetrical andesitic stratovolcano, rising in relative isolation from the plains at the base of Tsugaru Peninsula. Its summit crater is two kilometers wide, and it has three lava domes on the western and southern flanks. The mountain had been frequently active in historic times, with very frequent activity consisting mostly of small to moderate phreatic explosions during the Edo period. The last known eruption was on 23 March 1863. Hirosaki University has maintained an observatory with 18 telemetering stations on the mountain since 1981.
Mount Iwaki | Geology
Volcanic belts are similar to a mountain range, but the mountains within the mountain range are volcanoes, not mountains that are formed by faulting and folding by the collision of tectonic plates.
Volcanic belt | Introduction
This four-kilometre long lava flow ("Yakebashiri Lava Flow") has been designated a Natural Monument by the Japanese government. Mount Iwate has largely been quiet since 1732, with a small emission of steam and ash in 1919 and a series of volcanic earthquakes from 1998 to 2003.
Mount Iwate | Geology
The mountain is an andesitic volcano. The volcano had a minor mud eruption in January 1914. In October 1949 the summit crater produced an ash cloud. The rock of the mountain is non-alkali mafic rock produced in the last 18,000 years. Sulphur mining took place on the southeast flank until 1944. During the rainy season, the summit crater fills with water. The volcano last erupted in 2007
Otake (Nakanoshima) | Introduction
In late 2012 the mountain became quite active, spewing volcanic ash. In November 2012, and continuing into 2013, a 3 km exclusion zone was set up and residents living around the mountain were evacuated or moved to Maumere city on the main island of Flores. In the first 8 months of 2013 there was regular activity from the lava dome including repeated ash plumes – generally reaching altitudes of 2–3 km – dome collapses, explosions, avalanches and pyroclastic flows.
Paluweh | 2012–2013
Summits in the volcano include Boubou, Chebedo, Godoon, Kazena Lulli, Kégueur Tédi, Mouskorbé, Tarso Adar, Tarso Aozi, Tarso Chididemi, Tarso Goziydi, Tarso Kozen and Tarso Toudougou. Of these Mouskorbé reaches a height of .
Tarso Emi Chi | Introduction
Mount E consists of non-alkali, mafic, volcanic rock. The andesitic volcano is topped with a lava dome.
Mount E | Geology
The mountain comprises two principal components: a voluminous basal shield volcano and an eroded stratovolcano cap. The lower but more extensive basal shield volcano rises from an elevation of above the surrounding forested lowlands much like an inverted dishware plate. It consists of four distinctive stratigraphic units comprising thin mafic lava flows. Individual flows have an average thickness of but can range from less than to more than thick. They are separated by thin discontinuous breccias, sporadic tuff horizons and local lenses of fluvial, lacustrine and glacial sediment. This volcanic edifice forms a broad, oval-shaped, north-south trending lava plateau that local streams flow on.
Level Mountain | Structure
Japan has 108 active volcanoes. That's 10% of all active volcanoes in the world. Japan has stratovolcanoes near the subduction zones of the tectonic plates. During the 20th century several new volcanoes emerged, including Shōwa-shinzan on Hokkaido and Myōjin-shō off the Bayonnaise Rocks in the Pacific. In 1991, Japan's Unzen Volcano on Kyushu about east of Nagasaki, awakened from its 200-year slumber to produce a new lava dome at its summit. Beginning in June, repeated collapse of this erupting dome generated ash flows that swept down the mountain's slopes at speeds as high as . Unzen erupted in 1792 and killed more than 15,000 people.
Geography of Japan | Volcanic eruptions
Geologically this region is in the Fossa Magna, a large depressed zone that divides northeastern from southwestern Japan. It consists of sedimentary, volcanic, and pyroclastic rocks, and has numerous volcanos and hot springs. Mount Asama, at the south end of a chain of volcanos, is an active volcano that has erupted repeatedly in modern times. A large lava field on its north side dates from an eruption in 1783.
Jōshin'etsu region | Geography
Following the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake, there was speculation in the media that the shock may induce volcanic unrest at Mount Fuji. In September 2012, mathematical models created by the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NRIESDP) suggested that the pressure in Mount Fuji's magma chamber could be 1.6 megapascals higher than it was before its last eruption in 1707. This was interpreted by some media outlets to mean that an eruption of Mount Fuji could be imminent. However, since there is no known method of directly measuring the pressure of a volcano's magma chamber, indirect calculations of the type used by NRIESDP are speculative and unverifiable.
Mount Fuji | Current eruptive danger
The mountain is made from non-alkali mafic rock. The rock is 7-15 million years old. The rock was extruded on the sea floor during the Neogene and then pushed up and onto the island of Honshu when the Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc collided with the rest of Japan.
Mount Ōyama (Kanagawa) | Geology
The latest eruption, in 1707 (the 4th year of the "Hōei" era), was known as the great "Hōei" eruption. It followed several weeks after the Great "Hōei" earthquake, an 8.7 on the Richter scale. The earthquake severely damaged the city of Osaka, but more than that, it created enough seismic activity to compress the magma chamber 20 km deep in the inactive Mt. Fuji. Due to the compression of the magma chamber, basaltic lava rose from the bottom to the higher dacitic magma chamber at 8 km deep. The mixing of the two different types of magma caused a Plinian eruption to occur.
Historic eruptions of Mount Fuji | Hōei eruption
The area surrounding Mount Haku is one of the few in Japan that contains outcroppings from the Jurassic period of the Mesozoic era. Many of Japan's typical examples of dinosaur fossils were found in this area. One of the major rock outcrops is in the Kuwashima area and is known as the "Kuwashima Fossil Wall" (桑島化石壁 "Kuwashima Kasekikabe"). Because the mountain is a dormant volcano, it is well known for its many onsen.
Mount Haku | Geological features
Mount Takahe was first visited in 1957–1958 and again in 1968. The volcano rises above the ice level to a maximum elevation of . It is an undissected nearly perfect cone, a shield volcano with an exposed volume of about . The subglacial part, which might bottom out at below sea level, could have an even larger volume and is elongated in an east–west direction. On its summit lies a flat, snow-filled caldera with a and volcanic neck. A lava dome may crop out inside the caldera. Radial fissure vents are found around the volcano, and vents also occur around the caldera rim.
Mount Takahe | Geography and geomorphology
Between these two peaks are over 20 flank volcanoes and pyroclastic cones.
Hachijō-jima | Geology
The most common perception of a volcano is of a conical mountain, spewing lava and poisonous gases from a crater at its summit; however, this describes just one of the many types of volcano. The features of volcanoes are much more complicated and their structure and behavior depends on a number of factors. Some volcanoes have rugged peaks formed by lava domes rather than a summit crater while others have landscape features such as massive plateaus. Vents that issue volcanic material (including lava and ash) and gases (mainly steam and magmatic gases) can develop anywhere on the landform and may give rise to smaller cones such as Puu Ōō on a flank of Hawaii's Kīlauea.
Volcano | Volcanic features
The western site suffered a large collapse sometime in its history, evident by a large slump, that likely carried away a significant part of the volcano's caldera.
Daikakuji Guyot | Geology
In English, the mountain is known as Mount Fuji. Some sources refer to it as "Fuji-san", "Fujiyama" or, redundantly, "Mt. Fujiyama". Japanese speakers refer to the mountain as "Fuji-san". This "san" is not the honorific suffix used with people's names, such as Watanabe-san, but the Sino-Japanese reading of the character used in Sino-Japanese compounds. In Nihon-shiki and Kunrei-shiki romanization, the name is transliterated as "Huzi". Other Japanese names for Mount Fuji, which have become obsolete or poetic, include , , , and , created by combining the first character of , "Fuji", and , "mountain".
Mount Fuji | Variations
Guallatiri is a high complex volcano formed mainly by lava flows but also featuring dacitic or andesitic lava domes, such as Domo Tinto on the southern flank. The volcano is wide and above the basement rocks. The total volume of the volcano cannot be known with certainty, as it varies, but it amounts to between 40-86 cubic kilometers. The volcano's foot covers a surface of about . The summit is formed by a pyroclastic cone; alternative interpretations see it as a lava dome or a hydrothermally altered, scree-covered lava plug. The vent lies south of the summit and the summit crater is breached westwards and northwards.
Guallatiri | Geology
Extensive volcanic activity began to take place in the oligocene, about 35 million years ago. Glacier Peak, a stratovolcano that is southwest of Chiwawa Mountain, began forming in the mid-Pleistocene. Due to Glacier Peak's proximity to Chiwawa Mountain, volcanic ash is common in the area.
Chiwawa Mountain | Geology
The volcano that makes up Kyūroku-jima formed about 3.32 million years ago. The rock that is above the ocean surface is made up of dark-colored alkali basalt and a yellow tuff, each of which are distinctly visible to visitors. The islets of Kurokushima are the peaks of a horseshoe-shaped caldera that rises about from the surrounding seafloor. It is comparable to nearby Mount Iwaki, which also has a prominence of around relative to Shirakami-Sanchi.
Kyūroku-jima | Geology
Following the emplacement of late Pliocene lava domes, lesser activity continued into the Quaternary period (2.58 million years ago to present). Initial volcanism began on the summit of the volcano, depositing lava in and adjacent to the Level Mountain Range. This activity is indirectly dated as Pleistocene age , on the bases of the presence of subglacial and/or intraglacial deposits. Meszah Peak, the highest point of both Level Mountain and the Level Mountain Range, was volcanically active during this eruptive period. More recent volcanic eruptions have been a topic of debate among scientists. Several small basaltic vents on the broad summit of Level Mountain were considered by T.
Level Mountain | Quaternary stage
The Volcano is the southernmost of 10 volcanoes comprising the Iskut-Unuk River Cones volcanic field, as well as the most recent to erupt. Its structure is poorly formed and has been reduced by erosion from alpine glacial ice found at its elevation and latitude. It represents one of the few historically active volcanoes in the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province, with a base elevation estimated to be . Like most cinder cones, The Volcano consists of a pile of loose volcanic ash, lapilli-sized tephra and volcanic bombs. These were deposited during periods of lava fountain activity. The vent area contains volcanic bombs up to long and small deposits of sulfur precipitated from volcanic gases.
The Volcano (British Columbia) | Geology
Red Mountain is a cinder cone in the San Francisco volcanic field that is noted for its red color and U shape when viewed from above. The cone was erupted from a volcanic vent that now sits under the intact material that comprises the U shape of the mountain. Overall, the pattern of volcanism is not symmetric about the vent suggesting either that lava was erupted under conditions of a strong west to east wind or late stage lava flows emanating from the vent may have rafted material out to the east. The origin of the large amphitheater that sits within the U is unclear.
Red Mountain (Coconino County, Arizona) | Geology
The mountain is an extinct volcano. Although it is geologically separate from the neighboring mass of Mount Sipylus ("Spil Dağı"), their flora, fauna and history have very much in common, and the two mountains have sometimes been viewed as extensions of each other.
Yamanlar | Mountain
Other indicators suggestive of heightened eruptive danger, such as active fumaroles and recently discovered faults, are typical occurrences at this type of volcano.
Mount Fuji | Current eruptive danger
Over 70 volcanic cones form the Kunlun Volcanic Group. They are not volcanic mountains, but cones. As such, they are not counted among the world volcanic mountain peaks. The group, however, musters the heights of above sea level (). If they were considered volcanic mountains, they would constitute the highest volcano in Asia and China and second highest in the Eastern Hemisphere (after Mount Kilimanjaro) and one of Volcanic Seven Summits by elevation. (Mount Damavand is the highest volcano in Asia, not the Kunlun cones.) The last known eruption in the volcanic group was on May 27, 1951.
Kunlun Mountains | Kunlun Volcanic Group
As a result, the entire Hachimantai Plateau (including Mount Hachimantai) in its list of active volcanoes in Japan.
Mount Hachimantai | History
This leads to widespread and intensive volcanism. Most volcanoes on Io have little relief; those that can be considered mountains are generally smaller than the mountains formed by tectonic processes, averaging only in height and in width. Several geodynamic models of Io exist but the tectonic mountain-building process is still obscure and debatable. However, it is thought to be related to stresses caused by the rapid volcanic resurfacing of the body.
Mountains of Io | Introduction
, or Mount Hakusan (commonly referred to as simply Hakusan), is a dormant volcano. The stratovolcano is located on the borders of Gifu and Ishikawa (which are in Honshu) prefectures in Japan. It is thought to have first been active 300,000 to 400,000 years ago, with the most recent eruption occurring in 1659. Along with Mount Tate and Mount Fuji, it is one of Japan's .
Mount Haku | Introduction
Nevado del Ruiz is generally poorly forested because of its high elevation, and its forest cover decreases with increasing elevation. At lower elevations, well-developed mesic forests (20–35 meters / 66–110 ft high) are present. Above these but below the tree line, parts of the volcano are covered with dwarf forests high. Above the tree line, in the Páramo zone, the vegetation is dominated by plants such as bunchgrass and Espeletia. Regional vegetation consists of different families of woody plants, including Rubiaceae, Leguminosae, Melastomataceae, Lauraceae, and Moraceae. Flowers such as "Polypodiaceae s.l.", Araceae, Poaceae, Asteraceae, Piperaceae, and Orchidaceae are also present in the region.
Nevado del Ruiz | Flora and fauna
Volcanic is an adjective used for things and concepts related to volcanos. It may also refer to:
Volcanic (disambiguation) | Introduction
Mount Yake is the most active of all the volcanoes in the Hida Mountains. Its two main peaks are the northern and southern peaks, but visitors can only ascend to the northern peak, as the southern peak is currently a restricted area. A crater lake lies between the two peaks. High viscosity lava flowing from the upper regions of Mount Yake has led to the build up of a lava dome. The heat from the volcano produces many onsen in the surrounding area.
Mount Yake | Geography
At the midpoint of the interior is a low central rise, with a craterlet at the summit, giving the appearance of terrestrial volcano, although the peak is probably not volcanic.
Kant (crater) | Introduction
When stratigraphy is considered in detail, it tells about the different parts of this eruption: The eruption thawed the glacier ice and formed a subglacial lake in which the volcano continued to develop. The water very soon touched the magma within the vent and caused explosive activity. Tephra set down in layers into the subglacial lake. With time, the tephra built up a hill and small elongated mountain over the vent(s). When such an eruption is continued over a longer time span, the water in the end does not reach the vent(s) any more and lava begins to flow. In the top region of Keilir, there is a small cap of lava (area of lava cap 0,020 km2) which could mean that the volcanic mountain is a tuya (the lava being from subaerial eruptions at the end of the eruption series) or perhaps just represents a volcanic plug (the lava cooled and plugged up the vent).
Keilir (mountain) | Eruptions under the <a href="Weichselian">Weichselian</a> glaciers on Reykjanes Peninsula
Mount Funagata is an active stratovolcano formed from the end of the Tertiary period to the beginning of the Quaternary when the Ōu Mountains were raised from the sea. Mount Izumigatake is the oldest peak, created around 1.2 million years ago. The current main mountain body was completed by repeated volcanic activity from 600,000 to 850,000 years ago. Mount Funagata is made up of andesite, which is easily distinguished from the pigeonite basalt that erupted from Mout Kurohana. The crater that produced Mount Izumigatake is located on a ridge between Izumigatake and Kita-izumigatake (North Izumigatake).
Mount Funagata | Geology
The volcano rises above the jungles of the western Amazon basin and the flanks are densely clad in forests. The volcano has a caldera that is across; there is a wide gap in the caldera wall to the east, formed by a collapse of the structure. There is an unvegetated stratovolcano rising about from inside the caldera, and this is the main seat of current volcanic activity. The lavas are andesitic. On March 30, 2007, the mountain ejected ash again. The ash reached a height of about . No injuries or damages were reported.
Reventador | Introduction
The volcanoes are stratovolcanoes that are 1 million to 200,000 years old. The rock is mainly basalt and andesite.
Southern Yatsugatake Volcanic Group | Geology
Hiuchi initially formed around 350,000 years ago. Around 160,000–170,000 years ago, Hiuchi erupted, creating a large pyroclastic flow deposit. At the summit of the volcano lie two lava domes, Akanagure (赤ナグレ) and Mi-ike (御池岳). Akanagure, the southern dome, produced a series of viscous lava flows that flowed down the southern and western parts of the volcano about 3500 years ago. Mi-ike is responsible for the only recorded activity.
Hiuchigatake | Morphology
, also known as , is a mountain located in the Daisetsuzan Volcanic Group of the Ishikari Mountains, Hokkaidō, Japan.
Mount Midori | Introduction
The Mount Damavand is a very large isolated stratovolcano with over of topographic prominence. There are more than 70 volcanic vents known as the Kunlun Volcanic Group in Tibet at higher elevations than Damavand's summit, the highest of which has a reported elevation of (). Peaks in this volcanic group are not considered volcanic mountains but instead a type of pyroclastic cone. Information about these cones is extremely scarce and the listed elevations and prominences is of unknown accuracy and reliability. It is disputed whether any of these cones have a prominence greater than . The volcanoes in the list below all have prominences far exceeding that threshold.
Volcanic Seven Summits | Asia
The second stage began 7.1 million years ago to form a structurally complicated stratovolcano located centrally atop the shield. A series of lava domes were established during the third stage, which began 4.5 million years ago. This was followed by the fourth and final stage with the eruption of lava flows and small volcanic cones in the last 2.5 million years. A wide range of rock types were produced throughout these stages, of which alkali basalts and ankaramites are the most voluminous. They were deposited by different types of volcanic eruptions characterized by fluid lava flows and explosivity. Level Mountain can be ecologically divided into three sections: an alpine climate at its summit, an "Abies lasiocarpa" forest on its flanks and a "Picea glauca" forest at its base.
Level Mountain | Introduction
Specimen Mountain is a red-tinted, extinct volcano that was last active around 27 million years ago. At that time, it was probably more conical in shape and much higher than it is now. Roadcuts near Poudre Lake contain some of the yellowish ash its eruptions spewed out.
Specimen Mountain | Geology
The edifice of Mount Fee is the remains of a volcanic feature that has been significantly eroded by glacial ice. It likely represents a dissected stratovolcano (also known as a composite volcano) that was larger in area and higher in elevation than its current form. Stratovolcanoes can reach heights of and consist of alternating layers of lava flows, volcanic ash, cinders, blocks and bombs. During the glacial periods, much of the volcano's original outer cone of pyroclastic material was eroded away by moving layers of ice and rock. The removal of the ejected volcanic material has exposed the dacite lava that forms the narrow north-south trending ridge of Mount Fee.
Mount Fee | Geology
The , commonly called Mount Zaō, are a group of complex volcanoes on the border between Yamagata Prefecture and Miyagi Prefecture in Japan. They consist of a cluster of stratovolcanoes and are the most active volcanoes in northern Honshu. The central volcano of the group includes several lava domes and a tuff cone, Goshiki-dake, which contains a crater lake named "Okama" (). Also known as the "Five Color Pond" (, "goshiki numa") because it changes color depending on the weather, it lies in a crater formed by a volcanic eruption in the 1720s. The lake is in diameter and deep, and is one of the main tourist attractions in the area.
Mount Zaō | Introduction
In a general sense, the Hachimantai plateau is an ancient volcanic shield, levelled by erosion or deformed by landslides or lateral overlaps, or covered by products of more recent volcanic activity. The deepest layer is composed of Tertiary bedrock resting on a layer of Paleozoic sedimentary rocks containing Cretaceous granite blocks. The lithospheric layer is composed of acid pyroclastic rock of the Lower Pleistocene [and of the Holocene. On the surface, the volcanic extent is composed of magmatic rocks: ignimbrite and volcanic cones of andesite, dacite, and basalt. On the Hachimantai plateau and in its immediate periphery, the relief is marked by two chains of volcanic cones, aligned one along a north–south axis and the other a west–east axis, and which intersect at the site of the Mount Hachimantai.
Mount Hachimantai | Geology
Hachijō-jima is a compound volcanic island that is in length with a maximum width of . The island is formed from two stratovolcanoes. —also called —has a height of and was active from 100,000 BC to around 1700 BC. It has eroded flanks and retains a distinctive caldera. —also called —has a height of . It is the highest point on the island and the tallest peak in the Izu island chain. The summit is occupied by a shallow caldera with a diameter of and a depth of around . It is rated as a Class-C active volcano by the Japan Meteorological Agency with recent eruptions recorded in 1487, 1518–1523, and 1605, with seismic activity as recently as 2002.
Hachijō-jima | Geology
Mount Ryōzen is part of the basalt volcanic plateau known as the Abukuma Highlands in northern Fukushima. It was regarded as a sacred mountain and was once known as a center for the "Shugendō" mountain religion.
Mount Ryōzen | The mountain
Volcano Mountain is a cinder cone in central Yukon Territory, Canada, located a short distance north of Fort Selkirk, near the confluence of the Pelly and Yukon Rivers. Volcano Mountain is called Nelrúna in the Northern Tutchone language.
Volcano Mountain | Introduction
The volcano is located in Washington, and is one of the five major stratovolcanoes there. Situated in the Cascade Volcanic Arc, the volcano was created by subduction of the oceanic Juan de Fuca Plate under the North American Plate. Convergence between the two continues at a rate of per year. This range has been volcanically active for about 36 million years, and the rocks that make up its volcanoes are between 55 and 42 million years old. Eruptions within the range are irregular and do not occur all at once. In an attempt to organize the volcanoes by age, scientists typically divide them into the High Cascades, younger volcanoes, and the Western Cascades, consisting of the older volcanoes.
Glacier Peak | Tectonic setting
Hiuchi, also Hiuchigatake () is a 2,356m tall stratovolcano mountain in Oze National Park, and located in Hinoemata Village, Minami-Aizu gun, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. This is the highest mountain in Tōhoku region. The volcano rises in the north of . It is one of the 100 Famous Japanese Mountains.
Hiuchigatake | Introduction