Born in 1879 to a family in Tokyo, Shinobu Ishihara began his education at the Imperial University where he attended on a military scholarship. Ishihara had just completed his graduate studies in ophthalmology in Germany when war broke out in Europe and World War I had begun. While holding a military position related to his field, he was given the task of creating a color blindness test. Ishihara studied existing tests and combined elements of the Stilling test, named after the German ophthalmologist Jakob Stilling, with the concept of pseudo-isochromaticism to produce an improved, more accurate and easier to use test.
History
Ishihara test
Ishihara test | History
Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo Tokyo, Japan.
when was the idea of an atom first developed describe this theory
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According to this idea, if one were to take a lump of matter and cut it into ever smaller pieces, one would eventually reach a point where the pieces could not be further cut into anything smaller.
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who talked about this theory for the first time?
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John Dalton
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apart from this theory, what were his other contributions to science?
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Colour blindness.
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what happens when someone has this condition?
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It is the decreased ability to see color or differences in color. It can impair such tasks as selecting ripe fruit, choosing clothing, and reading traffic lights. People may also be uncomfortable in bright environments and have decreased visual acuity.
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how is it diagnosed?
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"The Ishihara Color Test"
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who is named after?
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Shinobu Ishihara
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where was he from?
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Born in 1879 to a family in Tokyo, Shinobu Ishihara began his education at the Imperial University where he attended on a military scholarship. Ishihara had just completed his graduate studies in ophthalmology in Germany when war broke out in Europe and World War I had begun. While holding a military position related to his field, he was given the task of creating a color blindness test. Ishihara studied existing tests and combined elements of the Stilling test, named after the German ophthalmologist Jakob Stilling, with the concept of pseudo-isochromaticism to produce an improved, more accurate and easier to use test.
Ishihara test | History
Shinobu Ishihara (石原 忍, "Ishihara Shinobu", Tokyo, September 25, 1879 – Izu Peninsula, January 3, 1963) was a Japanese ophthalmologist who created the Ishihara color test to detect colour blindness. He was an army surgeon.
Shinobu Ishihara | Introduction
Ishihara was appointed the professor and chairman, to succeed Komoto, at the Ophthalmology Department of the Imperial University of Tokyo in 1922 and served until March 1940.
Shinobu Ishihara | Ishihara color vision test
The name Ishihara is known worldwide because of the color vision test he designed in 1918, where a subject is shown a coloured pattern and asked what numerals they see there. Subjects with different forms of color blindness give different answers to those without. Ishihara also developed a Japanese visual acuity chart and an apparatus for determining the near point, both currently in wide use in Japan. He also made significant contributions to the study of trachoma and myopia. In 1908, Ishihara entered the postgraduate course in ophthalmology at the Imperial University of Tokyo, studying under Jujiro Komoto. Subsequently, he studied in Germany under Professors Wolfgang Stock, Theodor Axenfeld and Carl von Hess.
Shinobu Ishihara | Ishihara color vision test
Ishihara graduated from medicine in 1905 on a military scholarship and immediately joined the Imperial Japanese Army as a doctor, serving mainly as a surgeon. He later changed specialties to ophthalmology. In 1908 he returned to the University of Tokyo where he dedicated himself to ophthalmic research. In 1910 he became an instructor at the Army Medical College. There, in addition to seeing patients, he conducted research on "battlefield ophthalmology" and how to select superior soldiers. While working at the Military Medical School he was asked to devise a test to screen military recruits for abnormalities of color vision. His assistant was a color blind physician who helped him test the plates.
Shinobu Ishihara | Early life and career
Ishihara led a very modest life, with no interest in material possessions. He was greatly revered by his students who, after his retirement, built a cottage for him near a hot spring on the Izu Peninsula. There he served as a country doctor, conducting clinics for his neighbors, asking no payment. As was the custom in those days, patients left tokens of their gratitude in home-grown produce and small sums of money. After covering his expenses, Ishihara returned all remaining money to the villagers. These funds were used to build a library and a study room for the village children, a fitting tribute to the highly respected benefactor who came to live in their midst until his death in 1963.
Shinobu Ishihara | Personal life
Kazuyuki Ishihara was born in 1958, in Nagasaki Prefecture. When he was 22 he began studying "ikenobō"-school "ikebana".
Kazuyuki Ishihara | Biography
Ishihara was born on 15 January 1962 in Zushi, Kanagawa. He entered Keio University in 1980 to study Economics. He is a self-proclaimed railway enthusiast.
Yoshizumi Ishihara | Biography
The plates make up several different test designs:
Ishihara test | Plates
Ihara is a Japanese person of Korean descent, born on November 6, 1963, in Kitakyūshū as Yun Yu-gu (윤유구/尹惟久) and who grew up in Ikuno-ku, Osaka. He is a graduate of Imamiya Senior High School, Naniwa-ku, Osaka.
Tsuyoshi Ihara | Biography
Born in Osaka, Japan Lives in Beaverton, Oregon.
Hideshi Hamaguchi | Personal history
He was born in Hokkaido in 1965. He graduated from the University of Tokyo Medical Department with a Ph.D.
Itaru Ishii | Personal
The first charts were hand painted by Ishihara in water colors using hiragana symbols.
Shinobu Ishihara | Early life and career
Next year he was awarded Fukuoka Prize and is currently works at the 13th Congress of the International Association of Historians of Asia. In 1995 he became a President at the Kanda University and received Medal of Honor with the Purple ribbon, and five years later became a fellow at the Sophia University.
Yoneo Ishii | Biography
Due to containment issues and ethical constraints, human experimentation could not be conducted in his laboratory in native Tokyo. In 1932 the Japanese Imperial Army invaded Manchuria following the Manchurian Incident. The subsequent occupation of Manchuria provided an environment conducive to Ishii's research as human test subjects "could be plucked from the streets like rats." Ishii relocated his laboratory to a military facility near Harbin. However, the facility's highly populated surroundings threatened to compromise the secrecy of the ongoing human experimentation. Consequently, a second site, about 100 kilometers to the south of Harbin at the village of Beiyinhe, was selected.
Zhongma Fortress | Background
The Ishihara test is a color perception test for red-green color deficiencies, the first in a class of successful color vision tests called pseudo-isochromatic plates ("PIP"). It was named after its designer, Shinobu Ishihara, a professor at the University of Tokyo, who first published his tests in 1917. The test consists of a number of colored plates, called Ishihara plates, each of which contains a circle of dots appearing randomized in color and size. Within the pattern are dots which form a number or shape clearly visible to those with normal color vision, and invisible, or difficult to see, to those with a red-green color vision defect.
Ishihara test | Introduction
9971 Ishihara ("prov. designation": ) is a stony Flora asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately in diameter. It was discovered by Japanese amateur astronomers Kin Endate and Kazuro Watanabe at Kitami Observatory on 16 April 1993, and named after Takahiro Ishihara, president of the astronomical society at Hiroshima.
9971 Ishihara | Introduction
Though both media use the same plates, they require different methods for an accurate diagnosis.
Ishihara test | Test procedures
Shigeru Nakayama (中山茂) (1928–2014) was a Japanese historian of science.
Shigeru Nakayama | Introduction
Kenji Ishihara (28 February 1895 – 11 July 1984) was a Japanese architect. His work was part of the architecture event in the art competition at the 1932 Summer Olympics.
Kenji Ishihara | Introduction
Jun Ishiwara or Atsushi Ishihara (石原 純; January 15, 1881 – January 19, 1947) was a Japanese theoretical physicist, known for his works on the electronic theory of metals, the theory of relativity and quantum theory. Being the only Japanese scientist who made an original contribution to the old quantum theory, in 1915, independently of other scientists, he formulated quantization rules for systems with several degrees of freedom.
Jun Ishiwara | Introduction
Shozo Ishihara (; 10 August 1910 – 19 July 1993) was a Japanese speed skater who competed in the 1932 and 1936 Winter Olympics. He was born in the Tochigi Prefecture. In 1932 he participated in the 500 metres competition, in the 1500 metres event, in the 5000 metres competition, and in the 10000 metres event, but was eliminated in the heats in all four contests.
Shozo Ishihara | Introduction
The anthropologist Alfred Kroeber gave him this name because in the Yahi culture, tradition demanded that he not speak his own name until formally introduced by another Yahi. When asked his name, he said: "I have none, because there were no people to name me," meaning that there was no other Yahi to speak his name on his behalf. Ishi was taken in by anthropologists at the University of California, Berkeley, who both studied him and hired him as a janitor. He lived most of his remaining five years in a university building in San Francisco. His life was depicted and discussed in multiple films and books, notably the biographical account "Ishi in Two Worlds" published by Theodora Kroeber in 1961.
Ishi | Introduction
His expertise in ethnography was quickly turned to profitable uses on his return, and he finally received employment as member of a government organization interested in research on folk minorities in East Asia. In 1941, he surveyed the tribes of southern Sakhalin/Karafuto, such as the Gilyak (Nivkhs), the Ainu and the Oroks.
Ishida Eiichirō | Biography
Yujiro Ishihara was so popular that his films and music are still followed by lovers of the Shōwa period. On the anniversary of his death, 17 July, his mourning ceremony is often rebroadcast on television. His grave is a granite gorintō, at Sōji-ji temple in Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa. A memorial museum opened on June 21, 1991, in Otaru, Hokkaido. He was remembered in 1996 by his brother, Shintaro, in the Mainichibungakusho Special Prize winning biography "Otōto" (弟), ("Younger brother"), this was the basis of a 2004 TV Asahi television drama.
Yūjirō Ishihara | Legacy and memorials
Junichiro Ishikawa (1897 – 1987) was a Japanese architect. His work was part of the architecture event in the art competition at the 1936 Summer Olympics.
Junichiro Ishikawa | Introduction
This minor planet was named after Takahiro Ishihara (born 1961), an observer of comets, communicator of astronomy, and former president of the astronomical society at Hiroshima (1987–1997). The was published by the Minor Planet Center on 6 January 2003 ().
9971 Ishihara | Naming
1902 – Born. Son of a small country landowner in Tottori Prefecture (Japan). Won appointment to the Military Academy. 1923 – Graduated from Military Academy. Assigned to 54th Infantry Regiment. 1925 – Assigned to 63rd Infantry Regiment.
Hiromichi Yahara | Yahara chronology
Studied by the university, Ishi also worked as a janitor and lived in an apartment at the museum for most of the remaining five years of his life. In June 1915, he temporarily lived in Berkeley with the anthropologist Thomas Talbot Waterman and his family. Waterman and Alfred L. Kroeber, director of the museum, studied Ishi closely over the years and interviewed him at length in an effort to reconstruct Yahi culture. He described family units, naming patterns, and the ceremonies that he knew. Much tradition had already been lost when he was growing up, as there were few older survivors in his group.
Ishi | Captured into American society
Jun Ishiwara was born in the family of Christian priest Ryo Ishiwara and Chise Ishiwara. In 1906, he completed his studies at the Department of Theoretical Physics at the University of Tokyo, where he was a student of Hantaro Nagaoka. Since 1908, Ishiwara taught at the Army School of Artillery and Engineers, and in 1911 received the position of Assistant Professor at the College of Science of Tohoku University. From April 1912 to May 1914 he trained in Europe – at the University of Munich, ETH Zurich and Leiden University, where he worked with Arnold Sommerfeld and Albert Einstein. After returning to his homeland, Ishiwara received a post of professor at Tohoku University, and in 1919 for his scientific work was awarded the Imperial Prize of the Japan Academy.
Jun Ishiwara | Biography
Yoshiaki Ishizawa (born 1937, Obihiro, Hokkaido) is a Japanese academic and a professor at Sophia University. He is a recipient of Ramon Magsaysay Award 2017 for "restoration of Angkor Wat since the time of civil war nurturing human resources and specialists of Cambodia to conserve the heritage site resulting Cambodian people to regain the pride for their own cultural heritage".
Yoshiaki Ishizawa | Introduction
In the December 2014 general elections he was a candidate for the Party for Future Generations, but was defeated. Following this, he retired from politics.
Shintaro Ishihara | Party for Future Generations
Minobe was 71 at the time, and Ishihara criticized him as being "too old".
Shintaro Ishihara | Political career
Zeljko Cipris, Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2003). In 1946, he unsuccessfully ran for a seat in the lower house of the Diet of Japan in the 1946 Japanese general election. Ishikawa continued to be an active writer after the war, and in 1969, he won the Kikuchi Kan Prize ("Kikuchi Kan Shō" 菊池寛賞) for his contributions to Japanese literature. He was an active member of the Japan Art Academy. He died in Tokyo in 1985.
Tatsuzō Ishikawa | Biography
Ishikawa was born in the Asakusa district of Tokyo as the son of a banker. He graduated from the Tokyo School of Foreign Languages (, later Tokyo University of Foreign Studies) with a degree in French literature. After graduation, he served a tour of duty in the Imperial Japanese Navy from 1922–1923, following which he was hired by Fukuoka University as a professor of French literature. His early career involved translating works such as Anatole France’s "Le lys rouge" and author André Gide’s "L'Immoraliste" into Japanese. The next year, he was resigned from the university due to controversy over his participation in student protest movements.
Jun Ishikawa | Early life
Hitoshi Kihara was born on 21 October 1893 in Tokyo, Japan. He graduated from the Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido Imperial University and served as a professor at the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University from 1927 to 1956 and the National Institute of Genetics from 1955 to 1969, and also served at Kihara Institute for Biological Research from 1942 to 1984. He was elected a member of the Japan Academy. Since 1983, the Genetics Society of Japan (GSJ) has awarded the Kihara Prize to researchers who made a considerable achievement in the field of genetics in honor of Hitoshi Kihara who contributed on a global scale to the field of genetics and study of evolution with his research centering on wheat.
Hitoshi Kihara | Biography
Takayoshi Ishihara (石原 崇兆, born November 17, 1992) is a Japanese football player.
Takayoshi Ishihara | Introduction
Yoshiyuki Ishihara (石原 慶幸, born September 7, 1979 in Gifu, Japan) is a Japanese professional baseball player for the Hiroshima Toyo Carp in Japan's Nippon Professional Baseball. He played in 2009 World Baseball Classic.
Yoshiyuki Ishihara | Introduction
, also known as , was a Japanese ethnologist, linguist, folklorist, novelist, and poet. As a disciple of Kunio Yanagita, he established an original academic field named , which is a mixture of Japanese folklore, Japanese classics, and Shintō. He produced many works in a diversity of fields covering the history of literature, folkloric performing arts, folklore itself, Japanese language, the classics study, Shintōology, ancient study, and so on. Yukio Mishima once called him the "Japanese Walter Pater".
Shinobu Orikuchi | Introduction
He unsuccessfully sought re-election in the general election of November 2014, and officially left politics the following month.
Shintaro Ishihara | Introduction
He was born in Gunma Prefecture and graduated from Gunma Prefectural Maebashi High School and the department of humanities at Tokyo University of Education. He started a master's degree at the same university but did not complete it. After serving as a teacher in the faculty of education of Utsunomiya University, he has worked regularly since 1999 at the Nanjing Massacre Research Center of Nanjing Normal University as a visiting professor and, since 2000, in the same capacity in the department of history at Nankai University. He is a researcher on the Nanjing Massacre that occurred in the early stages of the Second Sino-Japanese War.
Tokushi Kasahara | Life and career
With his experience in the engineering field, Ishii became involved in many of the Japanese postwar industries. He contributed into the founding of the Subaru Motors, and the revival of Ishikawajima Harima's shipbuilding division. Ishii died on 16 January 1951, in his home in Osaka at age 63.
Tsunejirō Ishii | After the War
The Archaeological Institute of Kashihara was established in 1938 in connection with Kashihara Jingū's preparations for the 2,600th anniversary celebrations of the legendary foundation of Japan in 660 BC by Emperor Jimmu. In 1940 the opened and in 1949 this was renamed the . With the of 1951, it gained the status of a museum-equivalent facility. Its formal registration as a museum proper was in 1968, a year after the move to a new building. In 1970 it was renamed the , and in 1973 the , becoming the a year later. In April 1980 the Museum gained its current name.
The Museum, Archaeological Institute of Kashihara, Nara Prefecture | History
In general, traditional Japanese historiography did not pay much attention to Mitsunari's legacy, as he lost and Tokugawa won; he was often portrayed as a weak bureaucrat. His reputation has somewhat recovered since then, with later historians noting his skill in planning and earlier battlefield victories, and that Sekigahara could easily have gone the other way had a few more lords on his side stayed loyal.
Ishida Mitsunari | Death
Hisao Ishibuchi from the Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan, was named Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2014 "for contributions to evolutionary multiobjective optimization and fuzzy rule-based classifier design".
Hisao Ishibuchi | Introduction
Roy Hidemichi Akagi was a Japanese-American scholar and historian. He was born in Yokohama, Japan in 1892.
Roy Hidemichi Akagi | Introduction
Shinmura was born in Yamaguchi prefecture on October 4, 1876. He graduated from the Tokyo Imperial University in 1899 where he studied philology under the instruction of Ueda Kazutoshi. Between 1906 and 1909 he studied abroad in England, Germany, and France where he studied linguistics. In 1919 he received a Doctor of Letters.
Shinmura Izuru | Background
Ishii was born in Tokyo, Japan. After excepting a recommendation by his teacher in learning a Thai language, he went to Thailand. There, he was enrolled into the Chulalongkorn University and joined Ministry of Foreign Affairs shortly after. In 1958, due to his knowledge in history and religion of the region, he spent three months as a Buddhist priest at the Wat Bowonniwet temple in Bangkok. Later on, as a professor he joined Japanese Society of Ethnology and Osaka City University. From there, he traveled to such countries as Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam in each one of which he studied cultures of those nations.
Yoneo Ishii | Biography
, was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II.
Nishizō Tsukahara | Introduction
Source "Kai Kokushi". Matsudaira Sadayoshi. 1814. Japan.(Aduchi-Momoyama period part) "Kwansei-choshu Shokafu". Hotta Masaatsu, Hayashi jyussai. 1799. Japan.(Aduchi-Momoyama period part) "Osamuraichu Senzogaki-keizucho"(Edo period part)
Itagaki Nobukata | Genealogy
In 1968, Ishihara ran as a candidate on the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) national slate for the House of Councillors. He placed first on the LDP list with an unprecedented 3 million votes. After four years in the upper house, Ishihara ran for the House of Representatives representing the second district of Tokyo, and again won election. In 1973, he joined with thirty other LDP lawmakers in the anti-communist "Seirankai" or "Blue Storm Group"; the group gained notoriety for sealing a pledge of unity in their own blood. Ishihara ran for Governor of Tokyo in 1975 but lost to the popular Socialist incumbent Ryokichi Minobe.
Shintaro Ishihara | Political career
Eiichiro Azuma (born 27 September 1966 in Tokyo) is an American historian, and Professor of History and Asian American Studies at the University of Pennsylvania.
Eiichiro Azuma | Introduction
Not too far from the "honjin" is the preserved house of Nobutsuna Sasaki, a famous "tanka" poet and scholar who was born in 1872.
Ishiyakushi-juku | Famous Persons
He was awarded his BA (liberal arts) from International Christian University in 2002 and Ph.D. (Linguistics) from University of Massachusetts Amherst in 2007 under the supervision of John Kingston.
Shigeto Kawahara | Introduction
The school was named after Kitasato Shibasaburō. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1901. The 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Satoshi Ōmura, a professor at Kitasato University.
Kitasato University | History
After returning to Japan in 1891, he founded the Institute for Study of Infectious Diseases with the assistance of Fukuzawa Yukichi. One of his early assistants was August von Wassermann. Kitasato demonstrated how dead cultures can be used in vaccination. He also studied the mode of infection in tuberculosis.
Kitasato Shibasaburō | Biography
The following sentences are based on the four sources stated in the "References" section.
Shinichiro Sakurai | History
Born in Tokyo, the oldest of the eight sons of Ichiro Ishikawa. In 1937 he graduated TATIUC with an engineering degree in applied chemistry. After graduating from the University of TATIUC he worked as a naval technical officer from 1939–1941. Between 1941-1947 Ishikawa worked at the Nissan Liquid Fuel Company. In 1947 Ishikawa started his academic career as an associate professor at the University of Tokyo. He undertook the presidency of the Musashi Institute of Technology in 1978. In 1949, Ishikawa joined the Japanese Union of Scientists and Engineers (JUSE) quality control research group. After World War II Japan looked to transform its industrial sector, which in North America was then still perceived as a producer of cheap wind-up toys and poor quality cameras.
Kaoru Ishikawa | Biography
Fukuhara was born in Shiga Prefecture, Japan. He holds a bachelor's degree at Chuo University in Faculty in 1977 and also graduated from Chuo Graduate School of Law in 1984 honored with PhD.
Tadahiko Fukuhara | Education
Ishihara remained in the lead in polls through voting day, despite a prominent gaffe in which he characterized the disasters as "divine punishment" for "egoism" in Japanese society. His victory was owed in large part to his crisis management presence following the disasters, such as drinking Tokyo tap water on camera in order to demonstrate that it was safe from radiation.
2011 Tokyo gubernatorial election | Introduction
Yet, in the gubernatorial election of 2011 (part of the unified regional election), Ishihara was safely reelected for a fourth term.
2009 Tokyo prefectural election | Aftermath
He was born in Kobe into a long line of physicians originally from Nagasaki. He was a descendant of Chinzan Narabayashi who had studied Western medicine with Dutch physicians at Dejima in the 17th century. He received his medical degree from the Tokyo University School of Medicine in 1946 and his Ph.D. from Tokyo University in 1955. In the same year, he was appointed Associate Professor, Department of Neuropsychiatry, at the Juntendo University School of Medicine in Tokyo. He was promoted to Full Professor in 1964. From 1968 to 1988, he was Professor and Chairman of the Department of Neurology at the Juntendo University School of Medicine.
Hirotaro Narabayashi | Introduction
He wrote a memoir of his journey, "Nanbei Odan Ichiman Kiro". From 1966 to 1967, he covered the Vietnam War at the request of "Yomiuri Shimbun", and the experience influenced his decision to enter politics. He also was mentored by the influential author and political “fixer” Tsûsai Sugawara.
Shintaro Ishihara | Early life and artistic career
Itami was born Yoshihiro Ikeuchi in Kyoto. The name Itami was passed on from his father, Mansaku Itami—who was a renowned satirist and film director before World War II. He was the brother-in-law of Kenzaburō Ōe and uncle of Hikari Ōe. He played the father Ishihara in the comic TV program "Cometa-san". At the end of the war, when he was in Kyoto, Itami was chosen as an prodigy and educated at Tokubetsu Kagaku Gakkyū (; "the special scientific education class") as a future scientist who was expected to defeat the Allied powers. Among his fellow students were the sons of Hideki Yukawa and Sin-Itiro Tomonaga.
Juzo Itami | Early life
He graduated from UCLA, receiving a B.A. in Oriental Languages in 1952.
Hiroshi Kashiwagi | Biography
Matsusaburo Fujiwara (, "Fujiwara Matsusaburō", 14 February 1881, Tsu, Mie – 12 October 1946, Fukushima) was a Japanese mathematician and historian of mathematics.
Matsusaburo Fujiwara | Introduction
Now the evil of misrule by the warriors since the Kamakura period has been overcome and imperial government has been restored. Therefore we wish that an office of historiography ("shikyoku") be established, that the good custom of our ancestors be resumed ... In 1929, the Meiji period office of historiography was renamed the Historiographical Institute ("Shiryo Hensan-jo").
Historiography of Japan | History
Joseph Yoshisuke Kurihara (1895–1965) was a Japanese American internee at Manzanar and then Tule Lake who renounced U.S. citizenship under the Renunciation Act of 1944 in protest of the internment. After the end of World War II, he emigrated to Japan, where he lived until his death.
Joseph Kurihara | Introduction
Hisashi Wakahara (born 21 April 1945) is a Japanese equestrian. He competed in two events at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
Hisashi Wakahara | Introduction
As was the case with earlier lines, the public was initially polled to select a name; however, Ishihara rejected the chosen name, , on the grounds that it would not initially form a complete loop, and that calling it such would cause confusion with the Yamanote Line and the Osaka Loop Line.
Toei Ōedo Line | History
He was born in the north of Ōmi Province (which is now Nagahama city, Shiga Prefecture), and was the second son of Ishida Masatsugu, who was a retainer for the Azai clan. His childhood name was Sakichi (). The Ishida withdrew from service after the Azai's defeat in 1573. According to legend, he was a monk in a Buddhist temple before he served Toyotomi Hideyoshi, but the accuracy of this legend is doubted since it only came about during the Edo period.
Ishida Mitsunari | Early life
Noboru Ishizaki (October 20, 1893 – August 9, 1959) was a Japanese rear admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. Ishizaki commanded the 8th Submarine Squadron during the Battle of Madagascar in 1942. Ishizaki was serving as the commander of Submarine Squadron 11 when he arranged for the new submarine to test an experimental air-search radar borrowed from Kure Naval Air Station while she was conducting work-ups in the "Iyo-nada" in the Seto Inland Sea on 13 and 14 November 1943. After he reported the results of the tests, he was rebuffed because he conducted them without the approval of the Navy Technical Departmment.
Noboru Ishizaki | Introduction
Mizuhara was elected to the Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame in 1977.
Shigeru Mizuhara | Introduction
The name "Funabashi" is mentioned in the Kamakura period chronicle "Azuma Kagami." However, the name itself is even more ancient, dating from before the Nara period and the Yamatotakeru mythology. Archaeologists have found stone tools from the Japanese Paleolithic period and shell middens from the Jōmon period in the area, indicating continuous inhabitation for thousands of years. A number of Shinto shrines and Buddhist temples in the area claim to have been founded in the Nara period or Heian period. During the Muromachi periods, the area was controlled by the Chiba clan. During the Sengoku period, the Chiba clan fought the Satomi clan to the south, and the Later Hojo clan to the west.
Funabashi | History
Tomonaga was born in Tokyo in 1906. He was the second child and eldest son of a Japanese philosopher, Tomonaga Sanjūrō. He entered the Kyoto Imperial University in 1926. Hideki Yukawa, also a Nobel Prize winner, was one of his classmates during undergraduate school. During graduate school at the same university, he worked as an assistant in the university for three years. In 1931, after graduate school, he joined Nishina's group in RIKEN. In 1937, while working at Leipzig University (Leipzig), he collaborated with the research group of Werner Heisenberg. Two years later, he returned to Japan due to the outbreak of the Second World War, but finished his doctoral degree (Dissertation PhD from University of Tokyo) on the study of nuclear materials with his thesis on work he had done while in Leipzig.
Shin'ichirō Tomonaga | Biography
Hinohara was born in Yoshiki District, Yamaguchi Prefecture and graduated from the school of medicine at Kyoto Imperial University in 1937. During his career Hinohara was known for working during many medical emergencies such as the firebombing of Tokyo during World War II and the Tokyo subway sarin attack. He was also on Japan Airlines Flight 351 when it was hijacked by the Japanese Red Army Faction. Hinohara became an honorary member of the Japanese Cardiovascular Society and received the Second Prize and the Order of Culture. He was honored by Kyoto Imperial University, Thomas Jefferson University and by McMaster University by receiving an honorary doctorate.
Shigeaki Hinohara | Biography
Proper testing technique is to give only three seconds per plate for an answer, and not allow coaching, touching or tracing of the numbers by the subject. The test is best given in random sequence, if possible, to reduce the effectiveness of prior memorization of the answers by subjects. Some pseudo-isochromatic plate books have the pages in binders, so the plates may be rearranged periodically to give a random order to the test. Since its creation, the Ishihara Color Blindness Test has become commonly used worldwide because of its easy use and high accuracy. In recent years, the Ishihara test has become available online in addition to its original paper version.
Ishihara test | Test procedures
He was a member of the Japanese team that won the gold medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal. He is a professor at Niigata University.
Hisato Igarashi | Introduction
The Institute finds its origin in the , founded in 1793 by the blind monk Hanawa Hokiichi. In 1869, Emperor Meiji issued an Imperial rescript which explained the importance of historiography: Historiography is a for ever immortal state ritual ("taiten") and a wonderful act of our ancestors. But after the Six National Histories it was interrupted and no longer continued ... Now the evil of misrule by the warriors since the Kamakura period has been overcome and imperial government has been restored. Therefore we wish that an office of historiography ("shikyoku") be established, that the good custom of our ancestors be resumed ...
Historiographical Institute of the University of Tokyo | History
Born in Noshiro, Akita, Ishida entered Waseda University, where he majored in political science and economics. After graduating in 1939, he joined Chugai Shogyo Shimpo (later renamed Nihon Keizai Shimbun) and was appointed as its chief correspondent in Shanghai.
Hirohide Ishida | Early life
During Ishihara's tenure, the number of those who starved to death or went on welfare in the 23 wards doubled." He was alone among the candidates who said that they would reconsider Tokyo's bid for the 2020 Olympics, and criticized Ishihara's rash decisions such as his attempt to purchase the Senkaku Islands, which caused much friction between China and Japan. In addition, he said that he wanted to pressure the central government to abolish nuclear power, and also to do more to provide assistance for victims of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.
Kenji Utsunomiya | 2012 campaign
His father wanted him to become a physician, but Chiune deliberately failed the entrance exam by writing only his name on the exam papers. Instead, he entered Waseda University in 1918 (Taishō 7) and majored in English language. At that time, he entered Yuai Gakusha, the Christian fraternity that had been founded by Baptist pastor Harry Baxter Benninhof, to improve his English. In 1919 (Taishō 8), he passed the Foreign Ministry Scholarship exam. From 1920 to 1922 (Taishō 9 to 11), Sugihara served in the Imperial Army as a second lieutenant with the 79th Infantry, stationed in Korea, then a Japanese colony.
Chiune Sugihara | Early life and education
Yoshihara was born in Satsuma Domain (modern Kagoshima Prefecture as the son of a samurai retainer to the Shimazu clan. As a youth, he was the youngest of the "Sonnō jōi" samurai to participate in the "Terada-ya Incident", an assassination attempt against Sakamoto Ryōma at the Terada-ya inn in Kyoto. During the Anglo-Satsuma War of 1863, he fought alongside Ōyama Iwao and Saigō Tsugumichi. After the end of the conflict, he was sent to Edo, and then to Hakodate, where he was ordered to study "rangaku" and western customs under Takeda Ayasaburō. He then went to Yokohama to learn English from Samuel Robbins Brown.
Yoshihara Shigetoshi | Early life
Akira Iriye was born in Tokyo, in 1934, and graduated from Seikei High School. He received a B.A. from Haverford College in 1957, and a Ph.D. in history from Harvard in 1961. He was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1974. Iriye began as an instructor and lecturer in history at Harvard, then taught at the University of California at Santa Cruz, the University of Rochester, and the University of Chicago before accepting an appointment as professor of history at Harvard University in 1989, where he became Charles Warren Professor of American History in 1991. He was director of the Edwin O.
Akira Iriye | Biography
Ishii was born in Mobara city, Kazusa Province (present-day Chiba Prefecture). He graduated from the Law Department of Tokyo Imperial University and joined the Foreign Ministry. His first posting was as an attaché to Paris in 1891, and he was later sent to Chemulpo, Korea in 1896 and to Beijing, China in 1897. During the Boxer Rebellion he served as Japanese diplomatic liaison with the various foreign interventionist armies, spending six months on the front with the Imperial Japanese Army's 5th Infantry Division. Ishii was appointed Vice Minister for Foreign Affairs under the 1st and 2nd Katsura administrations from 1908-1912, and was created a baron ("danshaku") in the "kazoku" (peerage) on 24 August 1911; he had previously been appointed a Grand Cordon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure on 13 June.
Ishii Kikujirō | Biography
In 1985, the Kihara Memorial Yokohama Foundation for the Advancement of Life Sciences was established in Yokohama, to commemorate Hitoshi Kihara and to promote life sciences.
Hitoshi Kihara | Biography
Hagihara graduated from Tokyo Imperial University with a degree in astronomy in 1921 and became an assistant professor of astronomy there two years later. In 1923 the Japanese government sent him abroad as a traveling scholar. Hagihara went to Cambridge University in England to study under the mathematician H.F. Baker and also visited the University of Göttingen and the Sorbonne. He returned to Japan in 1925 but left for the United States three years later to study dynamical systems theory at Harvard University under G. D. Birkhoff on a Rockefeller Foundation Fellowship. Hagihara finished his studies at Harvard in 1929 and returned again to the University of Tokyo where, in 1930, he completed a D.Sc.
Yusuke Hagihara | Biography
The site of the Battle of Sekigahara was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1931. The site encompasses the sites of the initial position of Tokugawa Ieyasu (徳川家康最初陣地), the final position of Tokugawa Ieyasu (徳川家康最後陣地), the position of Ishida Mitsunari (石田三成陣地), the Okayama beacon (岡山烽火場), the grave of Ōtani Yoshitsugu (大谷吉隆墓), the east "kubizuka" (東首塚), and the west "kubizuka" (西首塚)
Battle of Sekigahara | Sekigahara Battlefield
He was given the name "Ishi", meaning "man" in the Yana language, by Kroeber as a practical necessity; he was forbidden to say his own name by a traditional taboo, and his original name was never discovered. Ishi was described in the media as the "last wild man in the West", and became an object of public curiosity. He was befriended and studied by Kroeber, Waterman, and Saxton Pope, a physiologist at the University Medical School in San Francisco. Five years after he was found in Oroville, Ishi died of tuberculosis. The biographical account "Ishi in Two Worlds" was written by Theodora Kroeber.
Ishi in Two Worlds | Background and writing
Heijiro Nakayama was born in 1871 in Kyoto City to a family of physicians. In 1874, he moved to Tokyo. During secondary school days, he was interested in archaeology and found remains, possibly, Yayoi pottery. He graduated from the Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Imperial University and studied in Germany between 1903 and 1906. In the same ship was Sunao Tawara, also a pathologist. Nakayama became Professor of Pathology, Kyushu Medical University of Kyoto Imperial University, now Kyushu University at age 35. Nakayama's elder brother, Morihiko Nakayama served as Professor of Surgery at the same school. Nakayama's students included a Chinese physician Guo Moruo and Hakaru Hashimoto.
Heijiro Nakayama | Life
Ishida Mitsunari (, 1559 – November 6, 1600) was a Japanese samurai and military commander of the late Sengoku period of Japan. He is probably best remembered as the commander of the Western army in the Battle of Sekigahara following the Azuchi–Momoyama period of the 16th century. He is also known by his court title, "Jibu-no-shō" (治部少輔).
Ishida Mitsunari | Introduction
Ihara (written: or ) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Ihara | Introduction
In his early years Ishihara was more interested in soccer, and was a member of the kendō team in middle school. He started sumo in high school, and in his third year contributed to his team taking the championship in a national tournament. He chose to join Tamanoi stable when he graduated high school.
Yoshiazuma Hiroshi | Early life and sumo background
Born in his mother's family house in Hokkaidō, Ishimoda was raised in what is now Ishinomaki city, Miyagi Prefecture, where his father was mayor. He enrolled in the faculty of philosophy at Tokyo Imperial University, but switched to Japanese history. On graduation he became a journalist for the Asahi Shimbun, then professor at Hosei University. In 1973 he was diagnosed as suffering from Parkinson's disease.
Ishimoda Shō | Life
He started his travels after the death of his blind daughter.
Ihara Saikaku | Biography
Yasutaka Ihara (伊原 康隆, "Ihara Yasutaka"; born 1938, Tokyo Prefecture) is a Japanese mathematician, professor emeritus at the Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences, working on number theory who introduced Ihara's lemma and the Ihara zeta function. Ihara received his PhD at the University of Tokyo in 1967 with thesis "Hecke polynomials as congruence zeta functions in elliptic modular case". In 1965/66 he was at the Institute for Advanced Study. He was a professor at the University of Tokyo and then at the Research Institute for Mathematical Science (RIMS) of the University of Kyōto. In 2002 he retired from RIMS as professor emeritus and then became a professor at Chūō University.
Yasutaka Ihara | Introduction
The reconstruction was designed by Gaijiro Fujishima, then a professor at the University of Tokyo, in 1957.
Kurihara Ruins | History
Ishiwara (written: ) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Ishiwara | Introduction
Shirō Ishii was born on 15 June 1892 in Shibayama in Chiba Prefecture, Japan, the fourth son of Katsuya Ishii, a local landowner and sake maker. Ishii attended the Chiba Imperial School in Chiba City and the Fourth High School in Kanazawa, Ishikawa Prefecture before studying medicine at Kyoto Imperial University. In 1921, Ishii was commissioned into the Imperial Japanese Army as a military surgeon with the rank of Army Surgeon, Second Class (surgeon lieutenant). In 1922, Ishii was assigned to the 1st Army Hospital and Army Medical School in Tokyo, where his work impressed his superiors enough to gain him post-graduate medical schooling at Kyoto Imperial University two years later.
Shirō Ishii | Early years
In 1993, a Hyogo-based civilian group got information about a Japanese man living in Henan Province. DNA testing identified the man as Ishida. He returned to Japan the same year. His family said Ishida had been suffering from amnesia after receiving a bullet wound to the head during the war. He died of pneumonia in 2009.
Tōshirō Ishida | Introduction