The name "Cree" is derived from the Algonkian-language exonym "Kirištino˙", which the Ojibwa used for tribes around Hudson Bay. The French colonists and explorers, who spelled the term "Kilistinon", "Kiristinon", "Knisteneaux", "Cristenaux", and "Cristinaux", used the term for numerous tribes which they encountered north of Lake Superior, in Manitoba, and west of there. The French used these terms to refer to various groups of peoples in Canada, some of which are now better distinguished as Severn Anishinaabe (Ojibwa), who speak dialects different from the Algonquin. Depending on the community, the Cree may call themselves by the following names: the "nēhiyawak", "nīhithaw", "nēhilaw", and "nēhinaw"; or "ininiw", "ililiw", "iynu" ("innu"), or "iyyu".
Name
Cree
Cree | Name
The name is derived from the Algonkian-language exonym "Kirištino. The Cree are one of the largest groups of First Nations in North America and in Canada, over 350,000 people are Cree or have Cree ancestry. The Cree are one of the largest groups of First Nations in North America. As hunter-gatherers, the basic unit of organization for Cree peoples was the "lodge", a group of perhaps eight or a dozen people, usually the families of two separate but related married couples, who lived together in the same wigwam.
what is parnassius smintheus?
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It is a high-altitude butterfly found in the Rocky Mountains.
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where did this mountain take its name from?
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It is a translation of the Cree name ' is given as, "When seen from across the prairies, they looked like a rocky mass".
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what is the history behind this first mentioned name?
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The name of the mountains is a translation of an Amerindian name that is closely related to Algonquian; the Cree name ' is given as, "When seen from across the prairies, they looked like a rocky mass". The first mention of their present name by a European was in the journal of Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre in 1752, where they were called "'".
Rocky Mountains | Etymology
Names Hill was located near a heavily used crossing of the Green River. The earliest human recordings at the site are Native American pictographs. European American names began appearing as early as 1822 as mountain men crossed the river on their way to the beaver streams of the Western Rocky Mountains. In 1844, Caleb Greenwood and Isaac Hitchcock lead the first wagon train over what would later be called the Sublette-Greenwood Cutoff, along the way crossing the Green River at Names Hill. The wagon trains would rest at the Green River following a waterless trek across the prairie, providing an opportunity for travelers to add their names to the hill.
Names Hill | History
It was named in 1894 by Samuel E.S. Allen for the Stoney First Nations word for "windy". The mountain's current name became official in 1924 when the Geographical Names Board of Canada approved its name. The first ascent of the mountain was made in 1951 by T. Church, D. Pullin, W. Roubenheimer, and T. Whalley.
Wiwaxy Peak | History
Bow Peak was named in 1922 for its proximity to the headwaters of the Bow River which was known by the Cree as ""The place from which bows are taken"." The mountain's name became official in 1924 by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.
Bow Peak | History
According to some, the "Six Cailloux" name was appropriated to this region by Stephen Meek, another Hudson's Bay Company trapper who was known for his "discovery" of Scott Valley, in regard to a crossing on the Klamath River near Hornbrook. Still others attribute the name to a local tribe of Native Americans.
Siskiyou Mountains | Name origins
The origin of the word "siskiyou" is unclear. One version is that it is the Chinook Jargon word for "bob-tailed horse". According to historian Richard Mackie, "siskiyou" was a Cree word for a bob-tailed horse, one of which perished in 1829 during Alexander McLeod's journey over a pass later named for the "siskiyou" (today's Siskiyou Pass). The Cree were in the area as part of McLeod's Hudson's Bay Company expedition, and had been recruited far away in their homeland in eastern Canada. Another version, given in an argument before the State Senate in 1852, is that the French name "Six Cailloux", meaning "six-stones", was given to a ford on the Umpqua River by Michel Laframboise and a party of Hudson's Bay Company trappers in 1832, because six large stones or rocks lay in the river where they crossed.
Siskiyou Mountains | Name origins
The peak was first named by Mary Schäffer Warren in 1908, after William "Billy" Warren, her longtime friend and mountain guide who in 1915 would become her second husband. Mary "discovered" Maligne Lake and she named many of the mountains around it, including Mount Charlton, Mount Unwin, and Maligne Mountain. The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1946 by the Geographical Names Board of Canada. The first ascent of Mount Warren was made in 1928 by W.R. Hainsworth and M.M. Strumia.
Mount Warren (Alberta) | History
The Mitre was named in 1893 by Samuel E.S. Allen presumably because the mountain resembles a Bishop's mitre. The first ascent of the peak was made in 1901 by Christian Kaufmann, J. Pollinger, G. Collier, E. Tewes, and G. Bohren. The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1952 by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.
The Mitre (Alberta) | History
The Cree name actually means Spirit Lake, because its a very sacred place. Elders of Alexis Reserve recall their grandparents telling of how as children they would go out on the lake and peer down through the then clear water to the lake bottom in search of the monster. They would hope and fear that they might see its legendary form.
Lac Ste. Anne (Alberta) | History
Like the Siffleur Wilderness Area and Siffleur River, the mountain's name was chosen by James Hector in 1858 for the shrill whistles of the marmot which inhabit the area. The mountain's name became official in 1924 when approved by the Geographical Names Board of Canada. The first ascent was made in 1924 by Morrison P. Bridgland. Bridgland (1878-1948) was a Dominion Land Surveyor who climbed and named many peaks in the Canadian Rockies.
Siffleur Mountain | History
The name "Moose Factory" comes from its location on the Moose River, as well as from the fur trade era. The officer in charge of the trading post was referred to as the "factor." Another account is that the name originates from the name of the river and a furniture factory that was once located within the community.
Moose Cree First Nation | Name
In 1883, Albert Rogers, a nephew of Major A. B. Rogers, named the three summits for the first time: Initially called the "Three Nuns", they were later renamed the "Three Sisters". This last name first appeared on George Mercer Dawson's 1886 map, which apparently found the name, and was more appropriate in a spirit of Protestantism.
The Three Sisters (Alberta) | History
A publication of the Geological Survey of Canada, Summary Report from 1894, asserts the name-origin (p. 402B) to the Shuswap language of the Secwepemc people, meaning "perpetual root place". Secwepemc territory today begins in the basin of Hat Creek, which lies on the "inside" of the Clear Range to the northwest of Botanie Mountain. The mountain is, however, decidedly in Nlaka'pamux territory.
Botanie Mountain | Name
The Castelets was so named in 1920 on account of its outline, said to be shaped like two castles. The mountain's name was made official in 1924 by the Geographical Names Board of Canada. The first ascent of the mountain was made on July 9, 1923 by Conrad Kain and J. Thorington.
The Castelets | History
The peak was named in 1916 by Morrison P. Bridgland because of its reddish colored rock. Bridgland (1878–1948), was a Dominion Land Surveyor who named many peaks in Jasper Park and the Canadian Rockies. The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1951 by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.
Indian Ridge (Alberta) | History
The first ascent of the mountain was made in 1888 by Reverend William S. Green and Rev. Henry Swanzy. Mount Bonney, Bonney Glacier, and Bonney Névé were each named in 1888 by Reverend Green for Thomas George Bonney (1833–1923), president of the Geological Society of London and president of the Alpine Club of London. The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1932 when approved by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.
Mount Bonney | History
The mountain was given its descriptive name in 1899 by Rev. Charles Lathrop Noyes (1851-1923), a member of the Appalachian Mountain Club who climbed in the Rockies and made several first ascents, such as Mount Balfour, Mount Gordon, and Mount Lefroy. The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1924 by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.
Silverhorn Mountain | History
The mountain was named by James Hector in 1859 for Richard Hardisty (1831–1889), Chief factor at Rocky Mountain House, and later the first Metis Senator in Canada. The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1912 by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.
Mount Hardisty | History
The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1946 by the Geographical Names Board of Canada. The first ascent of Monkhead was made in 1950 by Mr. and Mrs. Rex Gibson, D. LaChapelle, and E. LaChapelle.
Monkhead | History
The earliest period literature refers to the site as "Russell's Hay Camp", probably operated by Jack Russell, a Métis riverman.
Ɂejëre Kʼelnı Kuę́ 196I | Name and etymology
The spelling was officially corrected and adopted April 29, 1983, by the Geographical Names Board of Canada to conform with the creek. The first ascent of the mountain was made in 1935 by Preston Tait, John Ronayne, and Ronald Ronayne.
Mount Sampson | Introduction
Before the arrival of Europeans, Campgaw Mountain was inhabited by Munsee (Minsi) Lenape. Evidence of the Lenape presence around Campgaw can be found in a former village that existed on the north side of the mountain, along the south bank of the Ramapo River. Reflecting on this Native American heritage, the mountain is named for a Lenape chief, "Kum-Kow", with the name "Campgaw" being a modern variation of the original spelling. Taken literally, the syllables in the name "Kum-Kow" probably translate to "goose-hedgehog". An historical account from 1834 indicates that Campgaw Mountain’s summits were once under extensive cultivation. This would seem to explain the numerous stone walls, apparently former property boundaries, running through the woods along the mountain.
Campgaw Mountain | History
Mount Outram was named in 1920 for James Outram (1864-1925), a mountaineer who made numerous first ascents in the Canadian Rockies including Mount Assiniboine, Chancellor Peak, Cathedral Mountain, and Mount Wilson. The first ascent of the mountain was made in 1924 by F.V. Field, W.O. Field, and L. Harris, with guides Edward Feuz Jr. and J. Biner. The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1924 by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.
Mount Outram | History
The mountain's name was officially adopted on September 2, 1930, by the Geographical Names Board of Canada. The first ascent of the mountain was made in 1950 by Roy Hooley, Jimmy Kilborn, and Ian Kirk.
Cheakamus Mountain | Introduction
According to James Hector and folklore, Bonhomme Miette, a French Canadian voyageur and gifted fiddler, made the first ascent by climbing it from its south side. (The Fiddle River and Fiddle Range are located immediately northeast of Roche Miette and Miette Range.) In 1907 Arthur P. Coleman wrote of it: ""The most impressive bit of architecture along the Athabasca, pushing its bold front out into the valley like a commanding fort with unscalable walls three thousand feet high, and a flat top somewhat parapeted and loop-holed."" The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1956 by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.
Roche Miette | History
The peak was first named by Mary Schäffer in 1911 because she thought one peak should bear the name of Maligne Lake. Mary "discovered" Maligne Lake and she named many of the mountains around it, including Mount Charlton, Mount Unwin, and Mount Warren. The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1946 by the Geographical Names Board of Canada. The first ascent of Maligne Mountain was made in 1930 by W.R. Hainsworth, J.F. Lehmann, M.M. Strumia, and N.D. Waffl.
Maligne Mountain | History
Through the centuries, less resistant units of sandstone, siltstone and shale eroded away, leaving the atoka formation which the white man called Sugar Loaf. Exactly where the mountain first got its name is a question nobody can answer today. The Indians called it Tonawanda or Ton-Wan-Dah. And from the top of Ton-Wan-Dah with its sparse growth of wind-stunted cedars and gnarled scrub oak they could see for miles in every direction. The Indian name, as tradition has it, was that of a family of renowned arrow makers. An abundance of flint chips and imperfect arrow heads remained on the mountaintop long after the white man arrived to attest to this storied past.
Sugarloaf Mountain (Cleburne County, Arkansas) | Sugarloaf Mountain
This mountain is named after Ernest Ross, who in 1940 was the first to drive a motorized vehicle from Rocky Mountain House to Saskatchewan Crossing, many years before a road was built. He was instrumental in promoting the construction of what has become the David Thompson Highway, and when it was completed in 1969, was honored for his efforts. The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1980 when approved by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.
Mount Ernest Ross | History
The mountain was named in 1895 by Messrs. Abbot, Fay, and Thompson, for the Reverend Henry Swanzy, who with the Reverend William Spotswood Green introduced the world to the Selkirk Mountains following their 1888 first ascents of Mount Bonney and others. The first ascent of the mountain was made in 1900 by Arthur Michael, Sydney Spencer, Edouard Feuz Sr, and Friedrich Michel. The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1932 when approved by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.
Mount Swanzy | History
The mountain was named Wilcox Peak by J. Norman Collie in 1899 after Walter D. Wilcox, an early explorer of the Canadian Rockies who also made the first ascent of the peak in 1896. The mountain's "Wilcox Peak" name was officially adopted in 1924 by the Geographical Names Board of Canada. The Board changed it to Mount Wilcox in 1928, until ultimately reverting to Wilcox Peak in 1956.
Mount Wilcox (Alberta) | History
The mountain was called the "Snowy Mountains" by John Work, one of the fur traders who were the first Europeans in the area. It was renamed in 1860 for United States Army Major Enoch Steen, who fought and drove members of the Paiute tribe off the mountain.
Steens Mountain | History
The mountain's name was officially adopted September 8, 1932, when approved by the Geographical Names Board of Canada. The first ascent of the mountain was made August 25, 1910, by Alexander A. McCoubrey and Ernest Feuz who climbed the south ridge and descended the north ridge.
Mount Green | Introduction
Mount McGillivray was named for Duncan McGillivray (1770-1808), one of the first white men along with David Thompson to see the Bow Valley. In November of 1800, McGillivray and Thompson rode south on a trip from the newly established fort at Rocky Mountain House and explored west into the Bow Valley as far as what is now Mount McGillivray in search of the headwaters of the Columbia River. The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1957 by the Geographical Names Board of Canada. During the Cold War, tunnels and vaults were constructed under the north slope of the mountain as part of a plan to safely store government documents, however the project was never completed.
Mount McGillivray | History
The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1956 by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.
Chetamon Mountain | Introduction
The word "Queets" is a derivation of the name of the "Quai'tso" (Queets) tribe. The first ascent of the mountain was made in 1890 by Harry Fisher (aka James B. Hanmore) and Nelson Linsley during the second O’Neil Expedition.
Mount Queets | History
The mountain's name was applied in 1916 by Morrison P. Bridgland (1878–1948), a Dominion Land Surveyor who named many peaks in Jasper Park and the Canadian Rockies. Bridgland was impressed with the dark colored cliffs of the northeast face of the mountain. The Greek word for "darkness" is "erebus". Bridgland would have also known about and Franklin's lost expedition. The mountain is located at the west margin of the Tonquin Valley, which is also named for another ill-fated ship, . The first ascent of the mountain was made in 1924 by L. Coolidge, G. Higginsnon, J. E. Johnson, and guide A.
Mount Erebus (Canada) | History
The gently sloping valley with its converging waterways and hardy native cottonwood trees attracted both the migratory bison herds which passed through the area, and humans who used the waterways and hunted the bison. Before Europeans arrived, the historic Blackfoot, Cree and Assiniboine nations used the area for hundreds of years, and were preceded for thousands of years by previous indigenous cultures. Beginning in 1971, archeological excavations supervised by scholars from Medicine Hat College (MHC) were conducted at what became known as Saamis Archeological Site along Seven Persons Creek, near a historic Blackfoot buffalo jump. These revealed numerous artifacts associated with bands of First Nations ancestors, known as the Old Women's Phase to archeologists.
Medicine Hat | Name origins and ancient history
These names are derived from the historical autonym "nēhiraw" (of uncertain meaning) or from the historical autonym "iriniw" (meaning "person"). Cree using the latter autonym tend to be those living in the territories of Quebec and Labrador.
Cree | Name
Ecaubert and J. Weber. The mountain's name became official in 1956 by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.
Leah Peak | History
The first ascent of the mountain was made in 1938 by E. Brooks, H. Brooks, R. Cross, and W. Marples. The mountain was named Hilda Peak in 1938. The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1985 when approved by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.
Hilda Peak | History
In 1979, the Cree Village Municipality, identified as Whapmagoostoo, was established. The Cree village itself was officially named Whapmagoostui in 1986, from then on replacing all other toponyms.
Whapmagoostui | History
The mountain was named in 1913 by The Interprovincial Boundary Survey for the word "naiset" which translates from the First Nations word for "sunset". The first ascent of Naiset Point was made in 1920 by H.E. Bulyea, N. Allen, M. Gold, D.J. McGeary, J. Stewart, E.L. Tayler, and C.G. Wates. The mountain's name became official in 1924 when approved by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.
Naiset Point | History
The name of the river became the basis for naming the Bighorn Mountains. Many peaks of the region were named by the Crow, including Sheep Mountain "Chíilapalawaache" (where the bighorn ram sits), Medicine Mountain "Awaxaammaaxpée" (Holy Mountain), the crest divide of the Bighorns "Awaxahátchke" (Long Mountain), Bald Mountain "Awaxaawammáakoo(2)" (High Mountain). The highest peak of the range, Cloud Peak, is "Awaxaawakússawishe", meaning extended mountain. The word "Bighorn Mountains" were also used by the Arapaho or Cheyenne: both tribes called today's Bighorn River "Mountain Sheep River," and it was common to name mountain ranges after nearby rivers. The Cheyenne term for the Bighorn Mountains is Ma'xekȯsáeho'honáéva with the element kȯsáeho meaning bighorn sheep.
Bighorn Mountains | Origins of name
Eagle Peak was named by Harry Perley, the manager of the Glacier House hotel, for a crag on the west ridge that appears like the head of an eagle. The first ascent of the mountain was made in 1893 by Samuel Allen and Walter Wilcox. Wilcox wrote of the climb in his 1896 book "Camping in the Canadian Rockies": ""The name of the mountain is derived from a great crag or cliff near the summit, which appears to lean out from a ridge, and bears a striking resemblance to the head of an eagle. When we were making our ascent we came suddenly on the Eagle itself, which now, on a nearer view, proved to be of colossal size, a great leaning tower, about sixty feet high.
Eagle Peak (British Columbia) | History
The original name of the mountain was Sentinel Peak when applied by Arthur Coleman in 1892. The shoulder of Elliott Peak, 1.6 km to the northwest, is now named Sentinel Mountain. It was renamed in 1907 for Elliott Barnes Jr. whose father Elliot Barnes Sr. owned a ranch in the North Saskatchewan valley near the foot of the mountain. Elliott Jr. made the first ascent of the peak in 1906 when he was only eight years old. The mountain's name was made official in 1924 by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.
Elliott Peak | History
Various groups of Native Americans have proposed renaming the mountain in 2017 and 2018, to First Peoples Mountain. The Great Plains Tribal Chairman's Association stated that Gustavius Doane should not be honored because of his role in leading the military to murder hundreds of Native American people, predominantly women and children who were recovering from smallpox, in the Marias Massacre. Hayden stated that he was proud of the Marias Massacre.
Mount Doane | Renaming proposal
The peak's name derives from the nearby lake with the same name, "Lake La Crosse". Members of the 1890 O'Neil Expedition named the body of water "Lake of the Holy Cross" because of a large tree with branches and trunk in the shape of a cross guarded the lake. Over the subsequent years the name transformed to "Lake of the Cross" and eventually to its present-day name. It is also spelled as "Mount LaCrosse". The first ascent of the mountain was made in 1928 by Richard Paulson, William Ryer, Paul Wiseman, and Frank Woodworth.
Mount La Crosse | History
During the winter of 1887-1888, James Willard Schultz, an early hunting guide in the St. Mary Lakes region, and his family built a cabin on the north shore of upper Saint Mary Lake. While hunting on Red Eagle Mountain with his Pikuni friend, Tail-Feathers-Coming-Over-the-Hill, Schultz gave this mountain the name it bears today. Warren Hanna, Schultz's biographer describes the naming thus: Alternatively, numerous Blackfeet Indian legends are credited with the origins of the mountains' name. Used by the Blackfeet as a location for vision quests, it is one of the most accessible major mountain peaks in Glacier National Park. According to several sources, the actual Blackfeet name for the mountain is "The-Face-of-Sour-Spirit-Who-Went-Back-to-The-Sun-After-His-Work-Was-Done Mountain", in explanation of the snowfields on the mountainside which, as viewed from the west, make the outline of a face.
Going-to-the-Sun Mountain | Origin of name
The first ascent of the north ridge was made in 1921 by Neal Carter, Tom Fyles, and Don Munday. The west ridge was first climbed by Georgia Engelhard and Ernest Feuz in 1933. The mountain's name was adopted in 1906, then re-approved September 8, 1932, by the Geographical Names Board of Canada. It was so-named because of its proximity above Bear Creek (since renamed Connaught Creek), and in keeping with the bear theme of other nearby features such as Ursus Major Mountain, Ursus Minor Mountain, Bruins Pass, and Balu Pass.
Grizzly Mountain (Canada) | Introduction
The name "Chic-Chocs" comes from the Mi'kmaq word "sigsôg", meaning "crags" or "rocky mountains." It has undergone many different spellings over time, including Chikchâks (1836), Shick-shock (1857), and Chick-Saws (1863).
Chic-Choc Mountains | History
Radio-carbon dating of a human burial site nearby suggests that the region has been occupied for at least 7000 years. The people of the region are called "Inninuwug". The first Europeans gave various names to people of the region including "Kiristinon" or "Kritinou" which was eventually shortened to "Cree". This reservation is located at the major head-water lake of the Fawn River and subsequently the Severn River to Hudson Bay. Consequently, it has been a traditional gathering place for centuries. The first recorded European trader was James Swain who, in 1807, was charged with establishing a trading post at "Trout Lake" for the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC).
Kitchenuhmaykoosib Inninuwug First Nation | History
The mountain was named in 1915 because of the "park-like" setting of the area. The Lake O'Hara area that the mountain is located in is a gem within a park, the best that the Canadian Rockies has to offer. The first ascent of the mountain was made in 1904 by a survey party. The mountain's name was made official in 1952 when approved by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.
Park Mountain | History
The mountain was named by Mary Schäffer in 1907 for the difficulty that climbers had descending down Tangle Creek from the ridge. The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1935 by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.
Tangle Ridge | History
MacKay in 1929 for the Nikanassin Range of the front-central ranges of the Canadian Rockies ("Nikanassin" means "first range" in Cree). Mackay did not designate a type locality for the formation, although he described outcrops near the hamlet of Brûlé, north of the Yellowhead Highway outside of Jasper National Park.
Nikanassin Formation | Introduction
The Texqakallt, a Secwepemc people and the earliest inhabitants of the area, call it Yexyexéscen (striped rock), spelled in Dawson 1891 as "Yuh-hai-has-kun", "The Mountain of the Spiral Road". Other unofficial names include Cloud Cap Mountain.
Mount Robson | Introduction
The Chief "Asiniiwin" (Chippewa) (English translation Stone Child, misnomer Rocky Boy, which conveys an incorrect meaning) and Chief Little Bear (Cree) and their bands were the founders of the Rocky Boy Indian Reservation in north central Montana. At the time, Chippewa-Cree lived throughout present-day Montana, on the Blackfeet and other reservations, as well as in the new towns developed by European-American settlers and immigrants. In January 1902 "Asiniiwin" petitioned President Theodore Roosevelt for a closed reservation so the landless Chippewa-Cree could settle and get an education. The members were counted in a 1909 census conducted by Thralls B. Wheat, a land allotment agent of the Department of the Interior.
Chippewa Cree | History
Mount Crandell was named in 1914 after Edward H. Crandell who was one of Calgary's first oilmen. The mountain's name was made official in 1943 by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.
Mount Crandell | History
The mountain was named by James Hector in 1859 for William J. Christie, a Canadian explorer and politician. Christie was the Chief factor at the Hudson's Bay Company in Fort Edmonton when Hector and the Palliser expedition wintered there in 1858–1859. The first ascent of the mountain was made in 1930 by W.R. Hainsworth, J.F. Lehmann, M.M. Strumia, and N.D. Waffl. The mountain's name was officially adopted as Mount Christie in 1947 by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.
Mount Christie (Alberta) | History
The origin of the mountain's name is uncertain, it is probably from the term Ash mountain, a once dominant tree species in the area. The Czech name for the mountain was first recorded in 1545 as "Jesstied" (pod horou Jesstiedem). The German form of the name, Jeschke, was first mentioned in 1565. As far back as 1838 the summit hosted a crude stone that serves as a landmark to this day. The first hut on the summit was erected as early as 1844. In the 1860s, the mountain ridge was Station No. 4 of the first order of the Royal Saxon triangulation.
Ještěd | History
In 1928, Morrison P. Bridgland suggested the name "Mount Huntington" for the mountain, but it was not adopted. However, the Huntington name endures as the name of the "Huntington Glacier" below the eastern aspect of the summit. The mountain was instead named Cirrus Mountain, and that became official in 1935. The first ascent of the mountain was accomplished in 1939 by C.B. Sissons, H.J. Sissons.
Cirrus Mountain | History
McKay is traditionally known as the "Thunder Mountain" ("Animikii-wajiw" in the Ojibwe language and locally written as "Anemki-waucheu"). The mountain is used by the Ojibwe for sacred ceremonies. Only with the construction of the road did non-First Nations people get access to this land. The English name "Mount McKay", evolved from "Mackay's Mountain" and later, "McKay's Mountain", after William Mackay, a Scottish free trader who resided in the Fort William area sometime between 1821 and 1857.
Mount McKay | History
The mountain was named in 1858 by James Hector for his friend William Sandys Wright Vaux (1818–1885), a resident antiquarian at the British Museum who helped secure funds to support Hector's Palliser Expedition report. The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1924 when approved by the Geographical Names Board of Canada. The first ascent of the mountain was made in 1901 by Charles E. Fay, James Outram, and J. Henry Scattergood, with Christian Hasler Sr. as guide. Outram described the view of the peak from Emerald Lake in his book, ""In the Heart of the Canadian Rockies"" as follows, ""The drive is a lovely one, particularly where the "long-drawn aisles" of stately firs open out a vista piercing the tall, tapering trees, that form a grand enshadowed avenue nearly a mile in length, beyond which the white sunlit crest of glacier-crowned Mt.
Mount Vaux | History
The mountain was named on July 8, 1863 by Walter Cheadle after Viscount Milton (1839–1877) whose father was William Wentworth-Fitzwilliam, 6th Earl Fitzwilliam. Milton and his personal physician Dr. Walter Cheadle were traveling together up the Athabasca River and may be the first "tourists" to travel through Yellowhead Pass. They later co-authored "The North-West Passage by Land" and " Voyage de l'Atlantique au Pacifique, à travers le Canada", which described their expedition in considerable detail. The mountain's name was officially adopted February 7, 1951, by the Geographical Names Board of Canada. It was labelled on Arthur O. Wheeler's 1911 topographic map of Mount Robson.
Mount Fitzwilliam | History
Peter Fidler, the first non-native to visit southern Alberta, took bearings on this identifiable peak as he traveled south across the prairies near present-day Calgary. He wrote of it: "a remarkable high cliff, very much resembling a pyramid - from which very near resemblance I shall call it by that name." This is the first known instance of a non-native naming a peak in the Canadian Rockies. However, the Pyramid name did not stick, and Mount Glasgow was named in 1922 for , a British warship involved in the Battle of the Falkland Islands during the First World War in the South Atlantic.
Mount Glasgow | History
Located within Wetʼsuwetʼen First Nations traditional territory, Naydeena Mountain is a place where Wet’suwet’en people would go to hunt caribou, marmot, and mountain goat. This feature was labelled as "Na-di-na Mtn" on George Mercer Dawson's 1879 Geological Survey of Canada map where it first appeared. In the Babine-Witsuwitʼen language, Na-di-na means "standing up alone", a reference to its prominent, free-standing isolation. The mountain's name was officially adopted October 6, 1936, by the Geographical Names Board of Canada. The nearby Nadina River takes its name from the mountain.
Nadina Mountain | History
The name Castlecrag Mountain comes from the appearance of the North aspect. The Geographic Board of the BC Geographic Names Office deemed Castle Crag too obscure, instead adopting Castlecrag Mountain in 1948.
Castlecrag Mountain | History
The mountain's name was submitted in 1917 by Dr. Harry B. Hinman, Chairman of The Everett Mountaineers. The name was officially adopted in 1918 by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names. The first ascent of the peak was made in 1912 by J.A. Juleen.
Del Campo Peak | History
It was named in 1915 by Morrison P. Bridgland (1878-1948), a Dominion Land Surveyor after Sir John French (1852-1925). French was Commander-in-chief of the British Forces (1914-1915) during the first 16 months of World War I, and in 1922 he was named the first Earl of Ypres. The first ascent was made in 1921 by M. Morton Jr. and H.S. Hall Jr., with Edward Feuz Jr. as guide. The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1924 by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.
Mount French (Alberta) | History
The mountain was named by George Mercer Dawson in 1884 after Sir Richard Temple who visited the Canadian Rockies that same year. Mt. Temple was the first peak to be climbed in the Canadian segment of the Rocky Mountains.
Mount Temple (Alberta) | History
In First Nations culture, the top of the mountain was called ȽÁU,WELṈEW̱, the high land that enabled them to survive the great flood-they anchored their canoe with a western red cedar rope to a tall arbutus tree at the summit. ȽÁU,WELNEW is best pronounced as Tlay-will-nook.
John Dean Provincial Park | First Nations
The Blackfoot name for the mountain is "Iinii Istako" and the Stoney Nakoda language name is "Eyarhey Tatanga Woweyahgey Wakân". The Stoney people called it "Sleeping Buffalo" for a long time, as it resembles a sleeping buffalo when viewed from the north and east. In 1858, James Hector named the small peak "The Hill", likely in reference to its status as the smallest peak adjacent to the Banff townsite. In the 1880s Canadian Pacific Railway surveyors had first considered blasting a tunnel through the mountain for the tracks through the Bow Valley. Even though they discovered another route for the train and the tunnel idea was abandoned, the name Tunnel Mountain stuck.
Tunnel Mountain | Etymology
By then additional Native Americans had migrated there and others had left. Fewer than 45 of the 451 names listed on the "Tentative Roll of the Rocky Boy Indian Reservation" (1917) were Chippewa from the earlier 1909 roll. Many were Cree, descendants of Little Bear's (Imasees) band, and Métis, descendants of the Louis Riel band of mixed-race peoples from the Red River of the North area. According to tribal traditions of absorbing war captives and protecting all children of tribal women, if residents identified as Cree or Chippewa, they were listed as Native American, regardless of whether they had other ancestry.
Chippewa Cree | History
The first ascent of the mountain was made in 1887 by James J. McArthur, and he named it "Odaray" which is the expression for "many waterfalls" in the Stoney language. Other reports have it being named in 1894 by Samuel Evans Stokes Allen for the Stoney Indian word for "cone". However, it is possible that McArthur only ascended the lesser secondary summit cone (2965 m) now known as "Little Odaray" which is southeast of the true summit. The mountain's current name became official in 1952 when the Geographical Names Board of Canada rescinded the name "Mount Odaray".
Odaray Mountain | History
A couple of French trappers called Longs Peak and Mount Meeker "Les Deux Oreilles" (French for "two ears") in 1799. The name Mount Meeker was first suggested in 1873 when the Hayden Survey was performed. Present were William Byers, Anna Dickinson, and Ralph Meeker, the son of Nathan Meeker. It was officially named Mount Meeker in 1911.
Mount Meeker | Historical names
The mountain was named in 1918 for General Maurice Sarrail (1856-1929), the commander of the French Third Army in World War I. The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1924 by the Geographical Names Board of Canada. The first ascent of the mountain was made in 1930 by Kate (Katie) Gardiner and Walter Feuz. The duo also made the first ascents of nearby Mount Foch and Mount Lyautey that same year.
Mount Sarrail | History
Lac Ste. Anne was first called "Wakamne", or God's Lake by the Nakota Sioux, and "Manitou Sakhahigan" (Lake of the Spirit) by the Cree first nations before the arrival of the settlers. First Nations and Metis peoples hunted buffalo and fished in the lake called Manitou Sakhahigan. Legends told of a large serpent that lived in the lake. As it moved it created dangerous, unpredictable currents that could easily capsize a canoe. Very few people saw the serpent, but when the Hudson's Bay Company came employees renamed the lake Devil's Lake, which was a mistaken translation of the Cree name for it.
Lac Ste. Anne (Alberta) | History
Pulpit Peak was named in 1898 by Charles Sproull Thompson (1869-1921), who participated in numerous first ascents in the Canadian Rockies. He believed the peak resembled a pulpit in a church. The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1924 by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.
Pulpit Peak | History
The Abenaki people called the mountain "Miccasadenauk", meaning "mountain with a black summit", which gave way to its original English name, "Black Mountain". The Abenaki name, and ultimately the English one, may have came about due to the mountain's long history of forest fires, the trees being destroyed leaving a rocky summit blackened by ash. The last of these great fires occurred in 1903. In 1935, the United States Forest Service requested the United States Board on Geographic Names to rename the mountain to distinguish it from six other "Black Mountains" in the White Mountain National Forest. The name suggested was "Jericho Mountain", after Jericho Brook near the base of the mountain.
Jericho Mountain | History
This mountain was named "Pic de Pigeons" in 1858 by Eugene Bourgeau, the French-born botanist while on the Palliser expedition, for flocks of pigeons seen near the mountain. Since pigeons are a species that has been introduced and would not have been present in the Bow Valley in 1858, it is unclear what species of bird Bourgeau observed. The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1956 by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.
Pigeon Mountain (Alberta) | History
The mountain was named by Canadian surveyor George Mercer Dawson in 1884 for the pinnacles and slabs which resembled tombstones near the summit. The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1924 by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.
Tombstone Mountain | History
The mountain was named in 1913 after William Wasbrough Foster, who that same year made the first ascent of Mount Robson, the highest point in the Canadian Rockies. In 1925 Foster was part of the first ascent team that climbed Mount Logan, the highest point in Canada. The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1927 by the Geographical Names Board of Canada. The first ascent of Foster Peak was made in 1933 by Kate (Katie) Gardiner and Ken Jones, with Walter Feuz as guide.
Foster Peak | History
Another name for Woods Cree is Rocky Cree, translated by Rossignol (1939) from the Cree word asini•ska•wiðiniwak. Rock Cree or Misinipi Cree was a ""r"" dialect of Cree but now have merged together with Woods Cree, together as the ""th"" dialect of Cree spoken by the group of people geographically located at the eastern foot of the Rocky Mountains.
Woods Cree | Classification
Mount Wilson honours Tom Wilson (1859–1933) who was an early explorer in the Canadian Rockies. The mountain was named in 1898 by Norman Collie. The first ascent of the mountain was made in 1902 by James Outram and Christian Kaufmann. The mountain's name was made official in 1924 by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.
Mount Wilson (Alberta) | History
Mount Thompson is named for Charles Sproull Thompson (1869-1921) who participated in numerous first ascents in the Canadian Rockies. In August of 1897, Charles Thompson, Hugh Stutfield, and J. Norman Collie camped on the shores of Bow Lake; then proceeded to climb the Bow Glacier, which at that time descended farther down into the valley; then crossed the Wapta Icefield to attain the summit of Mount Gordon. From Mount Gordon they were surrounded by unnamed mountains and named one of them Mount Thompson. The first ascent of Mount Thompson was made the following year (1898), by Norman Collie, Hugh Stutfield, and Herman Woolley.
Mount Thompson (Alberta) | History
The native-American name "kaskawulsh" was given to the river north of Yakutat Bay in 1890 when it was first written by British explorer Edward J. Glave as "Kaska Wurlch". Today, the Alsek River is assigned to what was known traditionally as the Kaska Wurlch. The Kaskawulsh River of today is now a tributary of the Alsek River. The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1981 by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.
Kaskawulsh Mountain | History
Charles Sproull Thompson (1869-1921) named the peak in 1898, for William H. Niles (1838-1910), president of the Appalachian Mountain Club and Professor of Geology at Massachusetts Institute of Technology who also did some mountaineering in the area. The first ascent of the mountain was made in 1898 by D. Campbell and Charles E. Fay. The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1924 when approved by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.
Mount Niles | History
Since Europeans first saw the mountain, probably on Samuel de Champlain's 1609 trip down Lake Champlain to the west, the mountain has had a number of names related to its distinctive shape. De Champlain named the mountain "Le Lion Couchant", a heraldic image which roughly translates as "The Resting Lion". Ira Allen later referred to the mountain as "Camel's Rump" on a map from 1798. It was not until 1830 that the name "Camel's Hump" came into usage. The Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) lists twelve variant names including "Tah-wak-be-dee-ee-so wadso" and Catamountain. While place names are determined by local usage the U.S.
Camel's Hump | Name
The Steeples was named in August 1858 by Thomas Blakiston of the Palliser Expedition as presumably it was believed to resemble church steeples. The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1950 when approved by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.
The Steeples | History
The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1956 by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.
Hawk Mountain (Alberta) | Introduction
James Spence, who cleared the ridge to the west (now known as Spence Field), was the first known permanent settler in the vicinity. While the extent of Spence's farm is unknown, cattle-grazing had rendered Thunderhead a grassy bald by the late-19th century. Thunderhead is one of the few mountains listed under its current name in Arnold Guyot's 1859 survey of the crest of the Smokies. Guyot measured Thunderhead's elevation at above sea level, missing the modern measurement by just seven feet (2 m). During the Civil War, a group of East Tennesseans attempted to form a wilderness settlement on the mountain's north slope known as "New World," although the settlement didn't last.
Thunderhead Mountain | History
The mountain was named by J. Norman Collie in 1902 for George Marsten Weed (1864-1948) of the Appalachian Mountain Club, who climbed in the Rockies and made several first ascents. Collie and Weed were together in a party which made the first ascent of Mount Forbes on August 10, 1902. The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1928 by the Geographical Names Board of Canada. The first ascent of the peak was made in 1936 by L. Gest, Mr. and Mrs. H. Kingman, H.S. Kingman Jr., W. Kingman, with Christian Hasler Jr. as guide.
Mount Weed | History
Hainsworth and M.M. Strumia The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1947 by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.
Samson Peak | History
The first ascent of the mountain was made in 1914 by Basil Darling and Alan Morkill via the southwest ridge. These two named the peak shortly after they made the ascent, alluding to Alpha, which is the first letter of the Greek alphabet, because the peak is the first (southeast) summit of the Alpha-Serratus-Tantalus-Zenith Ridge, and also because of its form. The mountain's name was officially adopted on June 6, 1957, by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.
Alpha Mountain | History
The first recorded ascent was made by botanist John Macoun in 1887. Macoun was a botanist to the Geological Survey of Canada. Mount Waddington was first seen from the peak of Mount Arrowsmith by Don and Phyllis Munday in 1925 (see also Mount Munday). The mountain was named about 1853 by Captain Richards for cartographers, Aaron Arrowsmith and his nephew John Arrowsmith. The mountain was known as "Kulth-ka-choolth", meaning "jagged face", in the Coast Salish language.
Mount Arrowsmith | History
The mountain was named in 1916 by Morrison P. Bridgland (1878-1948), a Dominion Land Surveyor who named many peaks in Jasper Park and the Canadian Rockies. The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1947 when approved by the Geographical Names Board of Canada. The first ascent of The Watchtower was made in 1951 by R.K. Irvin, J. Mowat, and R. Strong.
The Watchtower (Alberta) | History
Named by James Hector as he traversed the Mistaya Valley in September of 1858, Mount Murchison honors Sir Roderick Impey Murchison (1792-1871), a prominent English geologist and director of the Geological Survey of Great Britain. The mountain's name became official in 1924. The first ascent of the Northwest Peak was in 1902 by Norman Collie, H.E.M. Stutfield, G.M. Weed, and Hans Kaufmann. The first ascent of the Southeast Peak was made August 25, 1996, by Reg Bonney, Rick Collier, John Holmes, and Jerre Skvaril.
Mount Murchison (Alberta) | History
Mount Athabasca is located in the Columbia Icefield of Jasper National Park in Canada. The mountain was named in 1898 by J. Norman Collie, who made the first ascent on August 18 of that year. Athabasca is the Cree Indian name for "where there are reeds" which originally referred to Lake Athabasca.
Mount Athabasca | Introduction
The peak was named in 1916 by Morrison P. Bridgland because the shape of the contours of the mountain resemble the triskelion in the flag of the Isle of Man, the home of the Manx people. Bridgland (1878–1948), was a Dominion Land Surveyor who named many peaks in Jasper Park and the Canadian Rockies. The first ascent of Manx Peak was made in 1919 by R.T. Chamberlin and B. Herzberg. This mountain's name was officially adopted in 1951 by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.
Manx Peak | History
The first ascent of the mountain was made in 1887 by James J. McArthur of the Dominion Land Survey. The mountain was named in 1916 by Alexander MacKinnon Burgess for Lieutenant-Colonel John Stoughton Dennis (1820–1885), a Canadian surveyor who proposed the Dominion Land Survey system in 1869. The mountain's name was officially adopted in 1924 when approved by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.
Mount Dennis (Yoho) | History
The mountain was named in 1909 for Mary Schäffer Warren (1861–1939), an American-Canadian naturalist, illustrator, photographer, and writer. Other reports have it being named in 1894 by Samuel E.S. Allen for Dr. Charles Schaffer (1838-1903), who was Mary's husband. The first ascent of the Mount Schaffer was made in 1909 by M. Goddard and W. Richardson. The mountain's name was made official in 1924 when approved by the Geographical Names Board of Canada.
Mount Schaffer | History