The river, in its upper reaches, supports a wild brown trout population and the occasional grayling. Chub and perch dominate the middle reaches around Stamford, with pike, perch, zander, roach, bream, rudd, ruffe, gudgeon and eels inhabiting the lower lengths around Spalding. A collaboration between the Welland Rivers Trust, the Wild Trout Trust and the Environment Agency has resulted in the construction of a rock ramp, to allow migrating sea trout to pass up the river beyond the weir on the Maxey Cut, which was acting as a barrier. Some 300 tons of rock, with 50 tons of finer material forming a top layer, were used to create the ramp.
Wildlife
River Welland
River Welland | Wildlife
Sorry. I cannot find the answer based on the context. The Wash varies enormously in water temperature throughout the year. Sorry. I cannot find the answer based on the context. Sorry. I cannot find the answer based on the context.
where does the river welland start and finish
user
The river rises in the Hothorpe Hills, at Sibbertoft in Northamptonshire, then flows generally northeast to Market Harborough, Stamford and Spalding, to reach The Wash near Fosdyke
assistant
what is the total length of this watercourse?
user
Sorry. I cannot find the answer based on the context.
assistant
what are some of its tributaries?
user
Sorry. I cannot find the answer based on the context.
assistant
what are the names of the fishes found in the watercourse?
user
Wild brown trout, chub and perch
assistant
apart from the source and its mouth, what are some of the places this watercourse passes through?
user
It issues at Spring Croft, Church Street. Sibbertoft sits astride one of the principal watersheds in England. Within , the small stream forms the border between Northamptonshire and Leicestershire.
assistant
what are some of the birds or mammals found near the watercourse?
user
Swans and geese
assistant
with reference to the mouth of the river which you mentioned earlier, what is its water temperature?
user
The finer material ensures that water mainly flows over the ramp, rather than through it. The ramp also enables young eels or elvers to move up the river, and provides habitat for stone loach and bullheads. Large numbers of swans and geese use the river around Crowland, and out to sea. Smaller populations of each can be seen around the Stamford Meadows, and further upstream.
River Welland | Wildlife
Wildlife in the river varies along its length, the faster headwaters being a habitat for trout and the slower lower reaches for perch. The estuary conditions and flat landscapes beyond Fosdyke favour wading birds and migratory species.
River Welland | Introduction
Environment Agency Wales have monitored the temperature of the well since 2008, using a Solinst LTC logger. During this period the maximum recorded temperature was 22.12 °C and the average temperature 21.6 °C. The temperature varies +/- 0.5 °C about the average temperature of 21.6 °C. The temperature can, on the whole be described as constant, with lower temperatures on occasion being attributed to mixing with Taff water or groundwater after heavy rain. The average temperature at Taff's Well spring, 21.6 °C is over 10 °C warmer than the average groundwater temperature of 11.3 °C in Wales
Taff's Well Thermal Spring | Temperature
The river, in its upper reaches, supports a wild brown trout population and the occasional grayling. Chub and perch dominate the middle reaches around Stamford, with pike, perch, zander, roach, bream, rudd, ruffe, gudgeon and eels inhabiting the lower lengths around Spalding. A collaboration between the Welland Rivers Trust, the Wild Trout Trust and the Environment Agency has resulted in the construction of a rock ramp, to allow migrating sea trout to pass up the river beyond the weir on the Maxey Cut, which was acting as a barrier. Some 300 tons of rock, with 50 tons of finer material forming a top layer, were used to create the ramp.
River Welland | Wildlife
The average summer temperature is , with a winter average of and an average rainfall of .
Riverland | Introduction
Wintering wildfowl include large numbers of wigeon, teal and pochard, as well as goldeneye and ruddy duck, and Bewick's swan and goosander regularly use the reservoir as a roost, the swans feeding by day on Olway Meadows and the goosanders probably coming from the River Usk. Divers and rarer grebes are occasional visitors, as are sea duck (notably long-tailed duck). Numbers of common gull, herring gull and black-headed gulls roost, and siskin and redpoll occur in the waterside trees. Residents include great crested grebe, sparrowhawk and buzzard, while cormorant and grey heron are regular visitors, and merlin, peregrine and goshawk have been recorded.
Llandegfedd Reservoir | Birds
The river holds a variety of fish species, including roach, dace and chubb. White-clawed crayfish are known to be in the river, which puts them at risk, as invasive species of crayfish are known to be in the Welland.
River Chater | Wildlife
Summer is warm, with an average high temperature of 24.5 °C (76.2 °F) and, humid, with 251 mm (9.88in.) of total rainfall. Autumn is cool (average temperature of 4.3 °C (39.7 °F)) and wet (actually, the wettest of Welland's seasons) (273.7 mm 10.8 in.) of total precipitation. The extreme high and low temperatures are 37.8 °C (100 °F), recorded on 4 July 1911; 1 July 1931; 26 August 1948, and −32.8 °C (-27 °F), recorded on 25 January 1884. Daily precipitation extremes include a rainfall of 118.4 mm (4.66 in.) on 30 September 1959, and a snowfall of 81.3 cm (32.0 inches) on 1 March 1900.
Welland | Climate
The River Welland, with its tributaries, form a river system with a catchment area of . Within this area, of waterway are designated as "main river", and are therefore managed for flood control by the Environment Agency under the River Welland Catchment Flood Management Plan (CFMP). Of this total, the below Spalding are tidal, and have sea walls to protect the adjacent land from flooding, while are fresh water, but run through low-lying land, and are therefore embanked. Within the catchment area, are below sea level, and would be flooded without such defences. The basin runs in a broadly south-west to north-east direction, with an extension to the north around the West Glen and East Glen rivers.
River Welland | Geography
River mouth: The climate is temperate with around 650mm of rainfall that falls mainly during spring and autumn. Mean temperatures range from 12 °C to 24 °C with extremes as low as 2 °C or as high as 40 °C.
Great Fish River | Climate
The lake temperature at various depths varied over the period July 2012 to November 2014 between 2 and 25 Celsius as the air temperature (3 m above the surface) varied between -3 and 22 Celsius. Over the same period the pH varied from 6.4 to 9.8 and the dissolved oxygen ranged from 7 to 14 mg/l. Blelham Tarn and Bog, with a total area of 49 hectares, is designated a site of special scientific interest and Blelham Bog is designated a National Nature Reserve The bog contains various species of sphagnum moss, bog myrtle, cotton-grass and the white-beaked sedge; and rare caddis-flies and vertigo lilljeborgi.
Blelham Tarn | Introduction
Summer flow is typically in the range of . the pH has been measured at 8.26 (Hogan, 2006) and summer water temperature as 19 degrees Celsius in the area of the mouth. Water turbidity is moderate with a Secchi disc reading of 14 centimetres. Electrical conductivity at the mouth is high even at the verge of the tidal influence.
Couesnon | Hydrology and water quality
Over two hundred Bewick's swans have been recorded, making the site an internationally important wintering ground for this species. Raptor species such as short-eared owl, merlin and peregrine regularly hunt over the site in winter. Vertebrate species present include barred grass snake and common frog. Otters are regularly recorded on the site. Southlake Moor is another biological Site of Special Scientific Interest, this one covering near the junction of the Tone and Parrett at Burrow Mump and Burrowbridge. Southlake Moor is unusual in that, when conditions in the River Parrett are suitable, it may be deliberately flooded in winter by means of a sluice in the river floodbank.
River Tone | Ecology
The average rainfall was 622.9 mm of water in 2011.
Bogandé Department | Climate
King Charles I is believed to have stayed there before the Battle of Naseby. Three arms of a square moat surround the house, and the site is a scheduled ancient monument.
River Welland | Course
The underlying geology consists of Lias clays at the western end of the catchment, with Lincolnshire limestone in the centre, including the valleys of the Glen. The eastern third is mostly alluvial soils, and it is this part that relies on artificial pumping to prevent flooding. Rainfall over the area varies between per year, which is quite light, and because the land is efficiently drained during the winter months, there are few reserves, making the area prone to drought in the summer months. For much of its length the Welland forms the county boundary between Northamptonshire and Leicestershire or Rutland, and lower down between Lincolnshire and Cambridgeshire.
River Welland | Geography
The reservoir was immediately colonised by wildlife and a nature reserve was created at the western side of the reservoir. The nature reserve contains semi-natural ancient (at least 400 years old) woodlands and more recent plantation woodlands, grasslands and wetland habitats such as reedbeds, willow and open water. The reservoir has nationally important numbers of wintering great crested grebes, tufted ducks and coots, and of moulting mute swans in late summer. A pond has a population of the nationally uncommon warty newt.
Grafham Water | Introduction
The average temperature varies between 20 and 30 degrees Celsius (68 and 86 °F). It is notorious for its treacherous rivers that are choked with dangerous rapids and falls. The number of faunal species is not rich, and individual animals not common, though hunting game is prized as the fundamentally male mode of procuring food. Fish also, despite the many rivers, do not abound.
Barasana | Geography, ecology
When the water flow is restored, the water direction of the Welland River changes once again to flow towards the Niagara River.
Welland River | Geography
The lake is stocked with brown trout and rainbow trout, but there is a large head of coarse fish populated by water pumped in from the River Welland and River Nene, species include roach, bream, pike, zander, perch, eel, wels catfish and carp.
Rutland Water | Wildlife
At low tide there are vast areas of mudflats and saltings, all teeming with birds. Since the mid-80s, Breydon Water has been a nature reserve in the care of the RSPB. It has been a popular shooting area for centuries, and the shooting continues, but on a very much reduced scale. In the winter, large numbers of wading birds and wildfowl use it to overwinter, including 12,000 golden plovers, 12,000 wigeons, 32,000 lapwings and tens of thousands of Bewick's swans. Other species that have been noted there include dunlin, sanderling, Eurasian whimbrel, several (escaped) flamingos, pied avocets and on one occasion a glossy ibis.
Breydon Water | Features
Summer flow rates are typically in the range of at the river's mouth. July values for pH have been measured at 8.2 or slightly alkaline July water temperatures are about 11.9 degrees Celsius and electrical conductivity at Cowie Bridge near the mouth has been measured at a relatively low value of .07 micro-Siemens per meter. Turbidity measured exactly 24 hours after a moderate rainfall of one centimeter was 14 JTU in a July circumstance.
Cowie Water | Hydrology and water quality
Temperatures in the river have been measured as high as and average 5 to 10 °C (9 to 18 °F) higher than areas upstream of geothermal influence.
Firehole River | Description
The Welland rises in the Hothorpe Hills in the parish of Sibbertoft, Northamptonshire and it issues at Spring Croft, Church Street. Sibbertoft sits astride one of the principal watersheds in England. Within , the small stream forms the border between Northamptonshire and Leicestershire. It flows westwards, before looping round, passing through the grounds of Hothorpe Hall in Theddingworth, now a conference centre, to flow generally eastwards through Lubenham to Market Harborough. One of the driveways to Thorpe Lubenham Hall is carried over the river by an early nineteenth century ashlar bridge which is a Grade II listed structure. To the east of Lubenham, the river passes Old Lubenham Hall, part of an H-plan house built in the late sixteenth century and modified in the early eighteenth century.
River Welland | Course
Summer water temperature has tested at 17.5 degrees Celsius and electrical conductivity of the river tested to be .19 micro-siemens per centimetre. The waters are relatively clear with Secchi disc tests at Pont-Aven yielding a measurement of 65 centimetres.
Aven (river) | Introduction
Ecological data from thermal waters is limited in the UK however an Irish Survey has been undertaken which looks at both flora and fauna associated with thermal and warm waters. A survey of thermophillic cyanobacteria identified abundant growths of "Phormidium ambiguum" GOM which formed conophyton like pinnacles up to 40 cm high in the still water. During periods where the well floods, water flows out onto the park forming a shallow pond area adjacent to the well building. Algae flourishes in the overflow water which stand stationary exposed to light and oxygen, of which there is little in the thermal waters inside the well building.
Taff's Well Thermal Spring | Ecology
There is a gauging station at Marham, which records river data by measuring the flow over a flume. The catchment area of the river above this point is and the area receives an average of of rain each year. This results in an average daily flow of 22 million gallons (100 Megalitres (Ml)), although flows reached nearly twice this value in February 1977. The geology of the upper river consists of chalk covered by a layer of boulder clay, making it one of only a few remaining fenland chalk streams. At its source, the river is formed by surface runoff from the clay soils, but this is soon supplemented by springs in the chalk aquifer to the east of Litcham, which create a rapidly flowing chalk river.
River Nar | Hydrology
The upper reaches of the Fowey are mainly moorland giving way to woodland and farmland, predominantly livestock. This means that 63.6% of the catchment is grassland, with a further 18.3% woodland and 10.7% arable land. Of the remaining 7.5%, 2.6% is urban or built-up areas, 2.5% is mountain, heath and bog and the remainder is inland waters. The catchment area of the River Fowey covers a total of 41,800 acres (65.3 sq. miles) consisting of kaolinised granite on Bodmin Moor, Devonian slates and grits, and valley gravels. Data collected by the National Water Archive shows that average flow at the Restormel monitoring station is 4.78 cubic m/s and is affected by the reservoirs at Colliford and Sibleyback and by abstraction of water for public supply.
River Fowey | Geology and hydrology
Taff's Well Park (Parc Ffynnon Taf) is the site of the Taff's Well Thermal Spring, a well that reached its height of popularity for visitors to the village in the mid to late 1800s. It enjoys temperatures which average 21.6 degrees C. The Well at Taff's Well is Wales' only natural thermal spa..
Taff's Well | Thermal spring
Average temperature of the region is in the range of 15 °C to 42 °C.
Manjira Wildlife Sanctuary | Geography
Near the source at Chiselborough the typical level range for the depth of the river is to but has reached a maximum of . The mean flow rate is . By the time it reaches Gaw Bridge the normal level range is to and a highest reading of . At West Quay in Bridgwater where the river is tidal the highest astronomical tide level is above ordnance datum (AOD). For the purpose of water quality measurement the river is divided into five water body areas by the Environment Agency. Both the area from the source to Broad River around Crewkerne and the area from Broad River to Lopen Brook are rated good for chemical quality and moderate for ecological quality.
River Parrett | Hydrology and water quality
The River Welland is a lowland river in the east of England, some long. It drains part of the Midlands eastwards to The Wash. The river rises in the Hothorpe Hills, at Sibbertoft in Northamptonshire, then flows generally northeast to Market Harborough, Stamford and Spalding, to reach The Wash near Fosdyke. It is a major waterway across the part of the Fens called South Holland, and is one of the Fenland rivers which were laid out with washlands. There are two channels between widely spaced embankments with the intention that flood waters would have space in which to spread while the tide in the estuary prevented free egress.
River Welland | Introduction
The river mouth at Guilderton typically closes during the summer months due to insufficient water flow, creating a sandbar. The river has nine subcatchment areas and has a number of tributaries and lakes along the length of the river. The salinity levels in the river catchment vary from brackish to saline with the exception of Gingin Brook which remains fresh throughout the year.
Moore River | Geography
The Water of Feugh is a tributary of the River Dee, forming a confluence at Banchory. Classified in the Strahler Stream Order system the Water of Feugh is a second order river, with tributaries including the Burn of Curran and the Burn of Knock. The pH level of the greenish or orange-brown waters of the Water of Feugh is slightly alkaline with a pH of 8.19. Summer water temperatures near the mouth run approximately 14.1 degrees Celsius.
Water of Feugh | Hydrology
And now there are boars, foxes, hares. Occasionally come the wolves. There are a lot of birds: ducks, geese, herons, cranes. The climate in these places is continental. Winter is moderately mild, with a stable snow cover. The average temperature in January is -4 °C. there Are often frosts up to -40 °C. the Summer is hot, the average temperature in July is + 28 °C. Sometimes the air temperature rises to +45 °C. Precipitation falls up to 300 mm per year, mainly in spring and autumn. The life of the Wooden lake is short-lived, the reason for its disappearance will be sand.
Wooden Lake | Description
The site has a dry tropical climate. Rainfall is monsoonal, with the hot and humid wet season occurring from November to March. Wyndham has an average annual rainfall of 695 mm. The dry season is mild, with periods of steady south-easterly winds. The average maximum temperature varies from 30 °C in July to 39 °C in December.
Ord River Floodplain | Climate
Suchindram is noted for the wide variety of migratory waterbirds that winter there, including: near threatened painted stork and spot-billed pelicans. Also seen here are cattle egrets, great cormorants, darters, purple swamphen, and bronze-winged jacanas. Resident raptors include pied kingfisher, brahminy kite and marsh harrier. Other water birds are dabchick, grey heron, garganey, purple heron, cinnamon bittern, open bill stork, cotton pygmy goose, whiskered tern and little tern, black-winged stilt, greenshank, little ringed plover and the common sandpiper.
Suchindram Theroor Birds Sanctuary | Fauna
Daily temperatures in the area vary from about in July to in January, with an average annual rainfall of to .
Macquarie Marshes | Description
The river is stocked with brown trout, and also contains wild grayling, eels, stone loach, minnow, three-spined Stickleback and flounder. A few sea-trout run the river, and occasional Atlantic salmon are reported, although those from which scale samples have been obtained have turned out to be from other catchments. Until the weirs are either demolished or furnished with effective fish-passes, there is little chance of a population of salmon establishing themselves in this river again. Roe deer, badgers, otters and other mammals are occasionally seen. The river and its environs are the haunt of a wide variety of woodland and water birds, including kingfisher, grey heron, pied wagtail, great spotted woodpecker and white-throated dipper.
Water of Leith | Wildlife
The water level of the river varies with the seasons and the precipitation.
Bassin-de-Chambly | Introduction
Vernatt's Drain passes through a sluice to join the river, while the sluice that protects the entrance to the River Glen is navigable, to allow boats to reach Tongue End, some upstream from its mouth. There are pumping stations for Sea Dike and Lords Drain, and the outfalls of the Risegate Eau and Five Towns drainage channels before the final bridge at Fosdyke is reached. After it is joined by the Holbeach River, it is bordered by salt marshes, and finally flows into The Wash at "The Cots" in "Fosdyke Wash". Beyond the river banks, much of the fertile arable land is composed of marine silt, which suits the bulb-growing for which Spalding is famous.
River Welland | Spalding to the Wash
The average temperature in summer is 16.2 °C, and in winter is 5.9 °C.
Eyrewell Forest | Climate
The reserve lies in an area with wet summers and gets 150 to 300 mm of rain a year. Most of the rain falls from February to March. Summers average 28 °C but 40 °C temperatures are not unheard of. The average temperature in winter is 20 °C.
Witsand Nature Reserve | Climate
Brookdale Community College is located on the northern bank of the reservoir. Dorbrook Recreational Area and Thompson Park are also nearby the reservoir. There are several types of waterfowl and mergansers in the reservoir that migrate during the winter season. Other species include Canada geese, herons, vultures, American coots, swans, and different types of fish, including white perch, yellow perch, and smelts.
Swimming River Reservoir | Introduction
The river is known for its watercress farms and trout. Grey herons and little egrets are common sights.
Sydling Water | Introduction
Varied and plentiful wildlife can be found in the environs of the river. In Wicklow, herds of deer can be seen, as well as swans, dippers, wild ducks, herons and kingfishers. At dusk, bats, owls and otters may be seen, while the mudflats of the estuary are favoured by black-headed gulls, redshanks and oystercatchers. The rare goosander can be seen on the Slaney at Kildavin. In season, salmon and trout and pike are fished.
River Slaney | Wildlife
The area of the headwaters of the Tweed would have been frequented by wild boar in Anglo-Saxon times. The other example of wella in the watershed is "Twitchell". Brook Farm, west of Stoke Golding takes its name from the unnamed stream running north towards the Tweed at the foot of Ambion Hill.
River Sence | Names related to the watercourses
The source of the River Welland is in the parish and it issues as a spring at Spring Croft, Church Street. Sibbertoft sits astride one of the principal watersheds in England and the plateau of land towards Naseby contains the sources of four rivers flowing west, south and east. Coombe Hill Hollow, north of the village, is a Site of Special Scientific Interest.
Sibbertoft | Geography
Templand lies between the Corncockle woodland, a marsh, and the Kinnel Water. Geographically it is believed that the entire Templand area is on a massive slab of sandstone, due to the Annan river carrying sand down from the Moffat area.
Templand | Introduction
The wet well has three adjustable gates at various levels so that different temperature water can be mixed in the wet well to a desired temperature. The mixed water enters the existing regulating and penstock intakes. By controlling the temperature of the water released from the dam, the impacts on the McKenzie River are greatly reduced.
Cougar Dam | Temperature control tower
The site is home to red-necked wallabies and common wombats at the extreme western limit of their range. Rosenberg's goannas are present. Growling grass frogs and Yarra pygmy perch have been recorded.
Watervalley Wetlands | Other animals
Local bird and mammal species include: moorhen, mallard, mute swan, greylag goose, rabbit, barnacle goose, Canada goose, robin, blue tit, herring gull, sheep, cattle and grey wagtail. Most of the geese nest in the fenced off reservoir area. Rare freshwater mussels are also to be found in the quieter drains and streams that are in confluence with the Ouse.
Barcombe Mills | Local wildlife
The majority of the area is farmland with large rectangular fields bounded by hedgerow, mainly hawthorn with blackthorn; dog rose; elder and hazel, with very few areas of woodland. This area would have been marshland before the introduction of the drainage system and the Market Weighton Canal. Wildlife surveys of the river show evidence of European water vole, European otter, freshwater mussel and many amphibians.
River Foulness | Natural history
All rivers, and most streams, flowing into the lake have wide, deep, navigable mouths as a consequence of the rising waters drowning the river channels. 2017 data for the year prior from the NOAA shows the lake has a yearly average surface temperature of 2.5 degrees Celsius.
Lake Simcoe | Geology and physiography
The river is classified as being heavily modified, and much work has been undertaken by the Environment Agency and local volunteers to raise the watercourses' standard. Work by the Yorkshire Wildlife Trust has seen the return of many animals such as otters and herons. They have also installed logs in the river around the lakes in Staveley to provide shelter for fish. Whilst the presence of Cyprinid fish and brown trout in the watercourse is "likely", despite the poor chemical composition of the water,the river is noted for its Himalayan Balsam and Giant Hogweed. Mink faeces have also been observed on the river.
River Tutt | Natural history
The reservoir, which has an area of , is attractive to waterbirds, in particular wintering wildfowl and gulls. Wildfowl present regularly in winter include mallard ("Anas platyrhynchos"), gadwall ("Anas strepera"), tufted duck ("Aythya fuligula"), common pochard ("Aythya ferina"), Eurasian wigeon ("Anas penelope"), common goldeneye ("Bucephala clangula") and goosander ("Mergus merganser"). A large flock of coot ("Fulica atra") is present, and great crested grebe ("Podiceps cristatus") is also numerous. Because of its proximity to the Bristol Channel, storm-blown seabirds are occasionally found here, including shag, grey phalarope, and divers and grebes.
Cheddar Reservoir | Bird life
There is a monsoonal zone with dry season from late October to early May and wet season from May to October in the wetlands. Temperatures range from an approximate low of 13°C in January to a high of around 39°C in April. Average annual rainfall at the site is around 1800 mm with up to a third of the rainfall recorded during August. Water level varies significantly between wet and dry seasons.
Xe Champhone Wetlands | Climate
This confluence is located at:
Weller River | Geography
The availability of a suitable geological feature on which to build this bank determined the shape of the washes, and its location can be traced back through antiquity. To quote Wheeler: The right bank of the Welland between Crowland and Spalding is placed at a distance from the channel of the river varying from a quarter to half a mile leaving an area of about 2500 acres which is covered with water whenever the Welland is in flood. The depth of water in this land in high floods is as much as 5 feet. Originally, no doubt, the land by the side of the Wellland was little better than a Morass, and the banks were placed on the nearest firm ground.
New River (Fens) | Introduction
The river is 59.4 km long from its source in the Navarrese municipality of Goizueta, and 33 km of it runs through the province of Gipuzkoa. The average temperature is 13.5 °C (56.3 °F). The seasonal and year-to-year variations in water flow are less marked than in other basins of Gipuzkoa, and the natural regulation of this basin is very high. The quality of the water is fairly good, despite a slight deterioration downstream near the mouth (moderately good condition) where the city of Donostia lies. However, lately, works have been done on the treatment and cleaning of water resulting in an outstanding environmental recovery.
Urumea | Course of the river and water data
Westwater Reservoir is a Site of Special Scientific Interest and a Ramsar site. The reason for this is that in the autumn and winter the reservoir is host to a large roost of pink-footed geese which, in the years 2003–2008 had an average peak number of over 40,000 birds, almost 115 of the total population of this species. In addition to the pink-footed geese there is a diverse community of wildlife around the reservoir including breeding common gull, common ringed plover, dunlin and common tern. Other important wintering and passage species include common goldeneye, barnacle goose, tufted duck and Eurasian teal.
Westwater Reservoir | Conservation
Like most of the Top End parks, access can be restricted due to flooding in the wet season. The most comfortable period for visiting is between May and August when the temperature ranges from a maximum of 35 °C to a minimum of 10 °C.
Keep River National Park | Access
The normal range for the river there is between and in normal weather conditions. The highest level recorded was in November 2000, when the peak flow was measured at .
River Allen, Northumberland | Catchment and hydrometry
The river begins as a stream at Newbiggin, in the parish of Ravenstonedale, Cumbria, at St. Helen's Well (elevation of 238 metres above sea level) and some neighbouring springs. On the first two miles of its course, it is joined by four streams, two of them as short as itself, but two much longer. These are the Bessy Beck (short), the Dry Beck of 4.9 kilometres' (three miles) length at from St. Helen's Well, the Sandwath Beck (short) at , and the Weasdale Beck (5.58 km = 3½ mls) at 1.6 miles from the well. Weasdale Beck is the uppermost headwater of River Lune recorded in Environment Agency's Catchment Data Explorer.
River Lune | Springs
The water temperature of the lake ranges from about during the summer months to under during the winter months. In the summer, at a depth of , the water temperature is about cooler than at the surface. Surface water temperature is usually about during spring and fall months. As of 2001, the lakes' standard surface level was at above sea level, the maximum depth of the lake was , with an average depth of . The top of the Lake Thunderbird Dam was (and is) above sea level, above the standard level of the lake. The lakes' surface area was .
Lake Thunderbird | Reservoir details
Breeding birds include pochards, which are nationally scarce, mute swans, great crested grebe and grey herons. There are many more waterfowl in the winter. The site is also important for bats, and amphibians include the protected great crested newt. Aquatic plants include bogbean and frogbit, both of which are rare in London.
Lonsdale Road Reservoir | Ecology
With a total length of around 32 km, the river overcomes a height of 402 m. Numerous streams flow into the Kinnel Water on its course, but it has no significant inflows other than the Water of Ae that flows into Templand. The Kinnel Water runs through a sparsely populated region, so that it affects few towns, of which Templand is the most populous.
Kinnel Water | History
The low water table is tapped through bore-wells drilled to more than 100 meters depth. Even these dry up in the summer months, from April to September every year, when temperatures rise to a dry heat of 38 °C.
Bagepalli | Geography
Among the medieval forms of the name 'Welland' is Weolod; the river could have thus been named from its silty nature. In contrast, the Glen flowed from clays and limestone. Areas with clay-based soils tended to remain as woodland whilst the limestone areas provided grassland for pasture. Consequently, the River Glen did not carry much sediment. The modern Welsh for clean is "glân". The relative amounts of silt deposited in the fens around Maxey and around Thurlby respectively, by the two rivers, support this view.
River Glen, Lincolnshire | Naming
TQ 646 539 A large pond high in the Swanton valley may indicate the site of an old furnace mill. The head available being sufficient to power a large overshot waterwheel.
Wateringbury Stream | Swanton, Mereworth
The Kinnel Bridge spans the river near Templand and is protected as a Category A monument. The three-arch stone bridge was built in 1723 and was expanded around 100 years later. In Templand, the river also passes through the listed farmhouse Ross Mains. Next is upriver with Raehills House, a mansion of the Earl of Annandale and Hartfell near the right bank.
Kinnel Water | Structures
Ambion is the name of a deserted village by a headwater of the Saint rising in Cadeby. It is recorded as Anabein (ca 1270), Anne Beame in the Hollinshead Chronicle (1576), Anbein (1622) and Amyon by John Hutton (1788). The name seems to derive from Old English Āna-bēam, a One-Beam bridge, probably the hamlet's means of crossing the stream towards Market Bosworth. It is claimed as the traditional site of the Battle of Bosworth. Barwell, Barwalle (1043), Barewelle (1086), sometimes pronounced ‘Barrull’. The first element is Old English bār, ‘boar’. Old English wella signifies a spring or stream In west Leicestershire, it seems to mean the stream issuing from a spring rather than the spring itself.
River Sence | Names related to the watercourses
The Normal Tidal Limit is just below this at the footbridge near Shermanbury Church although a weir just above the confluence with the Western Adur means that only the highest tides reach here. Up to the early 1800s boats could navigate to Mock Bridge where the A281 crosses the Adur.
River Adur | Watercourse
The river flows under two navigable aqueducts: the Welland Recreational Waterway and the new alignment of the Welland Canal. An important tributary of the river is Coyle Creek, a picturesque and thickly forested creek that flows into the river on the north bank. A stream of the river branches off shortly before its mouth. This canal quickly turns an open-cut hydropower channel through the city of Niagara Falls on its way to the Sir Adam Beck Hydroelectric Generating Stations in Queenston. It drains an area of . The International Control Dam, a weir in the Niagara River, causes the Welland River to reverse its direction twice a day when the flow of water over the Niagara Falls is reduced overnight and the water heads back up the river as far back as Wellandport.
Welland River | Geography
The Environment Agency gauging station at Stanley has measured the mean flow of the river as , with a maximum recorded flow of on 30 October 2000 and a minimum of on 21 August 1976.
River Marden | Hydrology
To the south of the lake is the Grade II listed Fountain Dale House, dating from the mid-eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. At the outlet of the lake is a Grade II listed well head constructed of ashlar and red brick, called Friar Tuck's well, after which the river turns to the north-east to reach another artificial lake called Cave Pond. Passing under Blidworth Lane on the outskirts of Rainworth, it enters an 'L'-shaped lake, called "L Lake", the other branch of which is fed by Foulevil Brook. The main lake covers an area of and is a private fishery, stocked with bream, carp, pike, roach and tench.
Rainworth Water | River course
Despite its considerable length and the extent of its basin, the average flow of water at the river mouth is fairly low, less than .
Ofanto | Geography
When the ambient air temperature was , the water temperature at the stream's mouth was found to be . The pH of the stream at its mouth was 6.6 and the alkalinity was . The water hardness was and the specific conductance was 111 umhos.
Barnes Brook | Hydrology, geography, and geology
Water temperatures range between -0.5 °C and 24 °C over the year. Salinity and temperature patterns measured throughout the bay indicate a range of mixed to stratified conditions and the amount of time it takes for the total volume of fresh water in the bay to be equaled by the fresh water input (flushing time) varies from 40 days to 10 days, depending on freshwater input. Dissolved oxygen levels in Narragansett Bay are seasonal with lower levels in the summer and higher levels in the winter. This is due to warmer temperatures and higher biological demand for oxygen in the summer and the opposite in the winter.
Narragansett Bay | Water properties and phytoplankton distribution
The annual average daily temperature for the region is between 25 °C and 31 °C.
Jenkins's shrew tenrec | Habitat
The site is defined by the presence of habitat known to support Gouldian finches. Most of it consists of land within the Keep River National Park and the Newry Station pastoral lease in the Northern Territory, but it also includes some pastoral land in Western Australia. The area is dominated by grassland and by open savanna woodland containing an understorey of native grasses on sandstone. The climate is highly monsoonal, with an average annual rainfall of 873 mm (recorded at Newry Station) falling mainly from December to March. The ranges are drained by a network of ephemeral creeks, with the larger watercourses retaining pools of water through the dry season.
Keep River Important Bird Area | Description
The hydrological parameters of the river are regularly monitored around 500 m from the spring itself, which provides data about the hydrological parameters of the spring, but one must take into consideration the fact that the water temperature can be influenced by the surrounding air temperature in those 500 m of distance from the spring when analyzing the data. The discharge of the spring varies from a minimal 0,076 m/s recorded in 1987 to a maximal 98,1 m/s recorded in 2009., with the average discharge being 7,21 m/s. The total amount of water that flows out of the spring yearly ranges between 105×10 m and 350×10 m.
Una (Sava) | Source
The Important Bird Area (IBA) comprises the open water of the Tamar, with its intertidal mudflats and associated wetland vegetation, from Launceston downstream to Batman Bridge, halfway to the sea. The mudflats are fringed by saltmarsh and extensive reed beds, and the IBA is bordered by a landscape mosaic of farmland and production forests. It includes the 46 km Tamar River Conservation Area and overlaps the Native Point Conservation Reserve. The average maximum temperatures in the region are 13 °C in winter and 24 °C in summer.
Tamar Wetlands Important Bird Area | Description
In order for wildlife, particularly fish, to thrive, the quality of the water needs to be good. The Environment Agency used a six-stage rating scale, from 'A' to 'F', called the General Quality Assessment, to classify rivers. 'A' on the GQA was the best quality of water, while 'F' was the poorest. Factors which affect the quality are levels of ammonia, levels of dissolved oxygen and the Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), which measures the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by organisms to break down organic matter in the water. These factors are generally worse when the water is discharged from sewage treatment processes, and tend to be worse in summer, when such discharges make up a greater proportion of the total flow in the river.
River Ryton | Water quality
The upper reaches of the River Etherow pass through peat moorland, inhabited by red foxes, voles and an introduced population of mountain hare. Red grouse, ring ouzel, wheatear and golden plover may be seen. Kestrels, merlins and short-eared owls nest here. The reservoirs attract mallards, and also teal, pochard, common sandpipers, black-headed gulls and Canada geese. The woodlands are home to redstart, great spotted woodpecker, and spotted flycatcher. Water rail have been recorded at Etherow Country Park.
River Etherow | Natural history
Possibly the main influence on downstream water quality from Jindabyne Dam, is the influence on water temperature. Unlike many other dams were coldwater pollution is a concern, where water is released from the below the thermocline in the reservoir (i.e. the bottom water of the lake), the water is released from the surface waters of lake Jindabyne. The water temperature of the Snowy River downstream can reach temperatures of in summer. The Snowy River is on average 4 °C (7 °F) warmer than the surrounding unregulated snow melt rivers, with a peak difference of up to 8 °C (14 °F).
Snowy River | Influence of Jindabyne Dam on water quality
The river is bounded on the north and west by a bank, while the New River, a drainage channel to the south and east of it, is bounded by another bank. The land between the channels forms Crowland High Wash, Crowland Fodder Lots and Cowbit Wash. The southern bank is variously named Corporation Bank, Wash Bank and Barrier Bank. These wash lands were designed to be flooded "in extremis", although the building of the Coronation flood relief channel has made this purpose obsolete.
River Welland | Stamford to Spalding
Here, flood waters are retained until river levels recede below bankfull conditions. The rivers running through the moor make home for many wildlife, including wintering whooper swans.
Wet Moor | Introduction
The origin of the name for the river is unknown but appears to be Pre-English. In Old English the form was "Weolud" and may have changed to the Middle English form due to folk-etymology or Scandinavian influence. The Welland ("Weolud") is first mentioned in the "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle" for 921 AD. Richard de Rulos, who was Lord of Deeping Fen during the reign of William the Conqueror erected a strong embankment to prevent flooding of the meadows adjoining the river, which then became fertile fields and a pleasure garden. During the reign of Henry III (1207–1272), complaints were made that of the two channels below Crowland, the one to Spalding was more favourable to the passage of barges, but the Abbot of Crowland had obstructed and narrowed its course by planting willow trees.
River Welland | History
West Toad River is a River in Canada. It is located in the province of British Columbia, approximately 3,500 km west of the national capital, Ottawa, and about 1,170 km north of the provincial capital, Victoria. The area around the river is heavily pine forested and is almost uninhabited, with less than two inhabitants per square kilometre. It is part of the boreal climate zones, with annual average temperatures of approximately -5 °C. The warmest month is July, when the average temperature is 8 °C, and the coldest is January, with-18 °C.
West Toad River | Introduction
Its current purpose is to enrich local coldwater wildlife in the creek and relieve hydrostatic pressure. The area surrounding the outlet is stained red indicating a high iron content. The water flowing from it is naturally pure and cool, at around 6-9 degrees Celsius or 42-48 degrees Fahrenheit. During the discovery of the Laurentian Channel, a well was drilled to investigate further. While it was being drilled, a massive burst of water, silt and gravel suddenly rocketed out of the well. Somehow, the Laurentian Channel's flow to Lake Ontario has been blocked, causing a huge pressure buildup.
Laurentian River System | Introduction
Since 1974 the river levels and flows of the Seven have been measured at a weir near Normanby in its lower reaches. The forty year record shows that the catchment of to the gauging station yielded an average flow of . The catchment upstream of the station has an average annual rainfall of and a maximum altitude of . Land use is primarily rural, made up of grassland, forest and moorland in the upper reaches. The river has a natural flow regime, unaffected by direct artificial influences.
River Seven | Hydrology
They prefer a temperature in the range with a dH of 5-12 and a pH of 6.5-8.0.
Andinoacara stalsbergi | Water conditions
In 1980, Sydney Lake Lodge opened. Water temperatures in Sydney Lake range from 45 °F (7.2 °C) and 70 °F (21.1 °C) providing habitat for both cold water and warm water fish including walleye, northern pike, and lake trout. There are over 100 islands located throughout the lake and its connecting bays, streams, and coves. Wildlife present in the area include beavers, marmots, wolverines, black bears, grizzly bears, moose, bald eagles, various types of birds, and turtles. A section of the lake is in Woodland Caribou Provincial Park.
Sydney Lake | Description
The source of the river is the confluence of Foxup Beck and Cosh Beck at the hamlet of Foxup. To the east bank lays Hawkswick Moor and on the west bank lays Darnbrook Fell, Hawkswick Clowder and Pen-y-ghent Fell. The river meanders consistently south-east for approximately to the confluence with the River Wharfe.
River Skirfare | Course
The average annual temperature in the region can fall below freezing.
Shaksgam River | Geography
The water temperature in spring appears to be the greatly warmer than the surrounding snow melt rivers.
Snowy River | Influence of Jindabyne Dam on water quality
The river valley is home to wildlife including mallard, the dipper, the kingfisher, the long-tailed tit, grey heron and the wren. At Fox Hagg nature reserve on the south side of the river it is possible to see meadow and tree pipits, redstarts and linnets and a number of warblers.
River Rivelin | Wildlife
The river is fed by both snowmelt and rain. Average water flow is 120 m³/s. The highest level of flow has been observed in early May, and the lowest in the second half of September. The river usually freezes in the second half of November, while the ice thaws in late April.
Poronay | Hydrology
The river supports a number of habitats, and is described as a high quality watercourse. The river itself is a habitat for a number of species, including white-clawed crayfish and species of fish. The river also supports a number of other habitats, providing a source of water for communities of animals including the deer in the ancient deer park at Bradgate Park. The river is protected within a conservation area of the Leicestershire Wildlife Trust.
River Lin | Wildlife