Adelheid Luise "Adele" Spitzeder (; 9 February 1832 – 27 or 28 October 1895), also known by her stage name Adele Vio, was a German actress, folk singer, and con artist. Initially a promising young actress, Spitzeder became a well-known private banker in 19th-century Munich when her theatrical success dwindled. Running what was possibly the first recorded Ponzi scheme, she offered large returns on investments by continually using the money of new investors to pay back the previous ones. At the height of her success, contemporary sources considered her the wealthiest woman in Bavaria. Opening her bank in 1869, Spitzeder managed to fend off attempts to discredit her for a few years before authorities were able to bring her to trial in 1872.
Introduction
Adele Spitzeder
Adele Spitzeder | Introduction
Her own bank Spitzedersche Privatbank Spitzedersche Privatbank. Spitzedersche Privatbank also came to be known as "Dachauer Bank".
who was adele spitzeder?
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German actress, folk singer, and con artist.
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what was she accused of?
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She was convicted instead of bad accounting and mishandling customers' money.
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where was she born?
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Berlin
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apart from acting did she have other jobs?
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Yes, she was a banker.
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which bank?
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Another contemporary source, a 1872 article in the "Münchner Neueste Nachrichten" citing her indictment, claims her first money lending activities started in the spring of 1869.
Adele Spitzeder | Spitzedersche Privatbank
Spitzeder's banking services quickly became the talk of the town in Munich's poorer communities thanks to favorable word-of-mouth advertising and soon, more people gave her their savings. In 1869, she officially founded the Spitzedersche Privatbank. Because her customers were mostly workers from the northern outskirts of Munich, especially the town of Dachau, her bank also came to be known as "Dachauer Bank". Some farmers sold their farms to live off the interest alone. Many lower-class Christians mistrusted the Jewish moneylenders, preferring to bank with a Christian, and she soon had to rent additional rooms in her hotel to accommodate her up to forty employees.
Adele Spitzeder | Growth of business
One of her employees was Rosa Ehinger, whose beauty and charm Spitzeder used to attract young men to the bank. Spitzeder's business practices and accounting were unconventional and chaotic. Money was deposited in large sacks and in various cupboards. Her employees, all or almost all without training in accounting, regularly simply took money, with the accounting being restricted to recording the names of depositors and the amounts they paid in, often only signed with "XXX" by her illiterate customers. Her business relied solely on acquiring new customers quickly enough to pay existing customers with the newly acquired money. According to some sources, hers was the first known Ponzi scheme.
Adele Spitzeder | Growth of business
Spitzeder cultivated an image of a resolute, pious woman concerned for the public welfare. During banking hours at her house in Schönfeld Street she was often seen sitting on an elevated leather chair in the middle of her banking office wearing a red nightgown and a cross around her neck, demonstratively signing notes for the money she received. In the halls of the building, cutouts of the negative articles from the "Münchner Neueste Nachrichten" were posted in an attempt to demonstrate that she had nothing to fear from such coverage. The long lines of waiting customers were often entertained by musical groups playing outside the bank and she provided free meals and drinks at the tavern "Wilhelm Tell" next door.
Adele Spitzeder | Public image
Adelheid Luise "Adele" Spitzeder (; 9 February 1832 – 27 or 28 October 1895), also known by her stage name Adele Vio, was a German actress, folk singer, and con artist. Initially a promising young actress, Spitzeder became a well-known private banker in 19th-century Munich when her theatrical success dwindled. Running what was possibly the first recorded Ponzi scheme, she offered large returns on investments by continually using the money of new investors to pay back the previous ones. At the height of her success, contemporary sources considered her the wealthiest woman in Bavaria. Opening her bank in 1869, Spitzeder managed to fend off attempts to discredit her for a few years before authorities were able to bring her to trial in 1872.
Adele Spitzeder | Introduction
To circumvent the official ban on lending money, she allowed her workers to take money from the bank and lend it to customers under their own name. Some of her workers used this opportunity to enrich themselves, such as Franz Wagner, a scribe with a monthly salary of 60 gulden, who later bought a house for 59,000 gulden. The success of the Dachauer Bank led to customers withdrawing large amounts of funds from other banks, especially the Sparkassen, threatening their existence. The Munich Sparkasse's leadership first discussed the competition by Spitzeder in May 1871, having lost some 50,000 gulden to her bank.
Adele Spitzeder | Clashes with authorities and competition
Additionally, 60 customers, organized by rival private banks, visited her residence and demanded all of their money back, which was more than Spitzeder had available, leading to the bank's collapse. Ehinger tried to flee with 50,000 gulden that she claimed was a gift from Spitzeder but both women were arrested and the money seized. Spitzeder's house was closed by the police and soldiers and policemen were placed on the premises to safeguard the remaining items of value and prevent acts of aggression by the populace. During her bank's existence, 32,000 customers were defrauded of 38 million gulden, roughly 400 million euros in 2017 money.
Adele Spitzeder | Bankruptcy and criminal charges
She was arrested again in 1880 for attempting to open a new bank without having the necessary permits but later released without charges. Spitzeder performed as a folk singer, living off friends and benefactors, but she never left her criminal life completely behind her, resulting in further trials and periods of incarceration. She died of cardiac arrest on 27 or 28 October 1895 in Munich.
Adele Spitzeder | Introduction
On 7 November 1872, Munich's police also issued a lengthy statement detailing the bank's lack of reliability.
Adele Spitzeder | Clashes with authorities and competition
9 Schönfeld Street near the Englischer Garten which she bought for 54,000 gulden of her customers' money. Including bank employees, there were 83 people who worked from her house, many of whom were brokers who received a five-to-seven percent commission for each new customer. She soon expanded her business and started buying and selling houses and land throughout Bavaria, buying 17 houses in prime locations in Munich alone. By 1871, she received 50,000 to 60,000 gulden each day, although she had lowered her returns paid to 8% per month. Despite the size of her business, the bank had no premises of its own and all business was done first out of her hotel rooms and later her house.
Adele Spitzeder | Growth of business
She only allowed deposits after all payouts had been processed, which often took until noon, thereby creating long queues of waiting customers that enforced the impression that they should consider themselves lucky to be allowed to give her money. Customers who reached her were treated with crass and direct language, with Spitzeder telling them that she did not call them nor would she give them any securities. Her flaunted honesty combined with her demonstrative warnings and the focus on entertaining her customers served to enhance her standing with the common people. Spitzeder made generous donations to the Church, ostensibly for charity, and partook in regular pilgrimages to the Shrine of Our Lady of Altötting.
Adele Spitzeder | Public image
From 1871, the authorities tried to find legal reasons to stop her business but since she was fulfilling her obligations to her customers as promised, she avoided official intervention. While the city of Munich began taxing her as a "Bankier 2. Klasse" ("second class banker"), she avoided calls to be entered into the register of companies at this time. In 1872, the Munich Commerce Court decided that she had to enter her business in the register of companies, revising its earlier decision, which included rules about proper accounting. Since the court's ruling only applied to her money-lending business, she instead stopped lending and focused on taking in money.
Adele Spitzeder | Clashes with authorities and competition
The "Münchner Neueste Nachrichten" started a new attack on Spitzeder in the fall of 1872, repeating the warnings of the authorities, explaining the possible ways the government might intervene and prophesying the immediate demise of the bank. In November 1872, the withdrawals clearly exceeded the investments, forcing Spitzeder to limit withdrawals to an hour between six and seven in the morning, with no withdrawals on Wednesdays and Saturdays. The police persuaded 40 of her customers to present their claims to the district court, which then ordered a review of the bank's books. On 12 November 1872, a five-person inquiry commission arrived at the bank to perform a court-ordered review.
Adele Spitzeder | Bankruptcy and criminal charges
Her "masculine" behavior is generally highlighted, such as her cigar smoking and surrounding herself with beautiful young women. Unable to restrict her lifestyle, she began to live at the expense of her creditors and accrued significant debt in Hamburg and Zurich while working there. In 1868, she returned to Munich with her girlfriend Emilie to await job offers from theatrical agents but did not receive any she wanted. Dejected and penniless, she only had her mother's stipend of 50 gulden to live on. The money, however, was not sufficient to pay for her lifestyle of residing in hotels and inns with her girlfriend and six dogs.
Adele Spitzeder | Acting career
Spitzeder soon had to borrow money from moneylenders to maintain her lifestyle. In late 1869, she met a carpenter's wife in Munich's Au district, then the city's poor neighborhood. After gaining her trust, Spitzeder claimed she knew someone who would pay the woman a return of 10 percent each month on her investments. The wife gave her 100 gulden and immediately received 20 gulden, two months of returns, with the promise of another 110 gulden within three months. According to a contemporary story in "Harper's Weekly", Spitzeder also placed an advertisement in the city's major newspaper, the "Münchner Neueste Nachrichten", asking to borrow 150 gulden with the promise of 10 percent interest after two months.
Adele Spitzeder | Spitzedersche Privatbank
Because Ponzi schemes were not yet illegal, she was convicted instead of bad accounting and mishandling customers' money and sentenced to three years in prison. Her bank was closed and 32,000 people lost 38 million gulden, the equivalent of almost 400 million euros in 2017 money, causing a wave of suicides. Her personal fortune in art and cash was stripped from her. After her release from prison in 1876, Spitzeder lived off benefactors and unsuccessfully tried to act again in Altona and Berlin. She left Germany for Vienna but police there prevented her engagement, so she returned to Munich in 1878 to publish her memoir.
Adele Spitzeder | Introduction
During her trial, the court's president emphasized the intimate relationship between both women, who shared a bed "breast to breast". The relationship continued into Spitzeder's banking career which Stier was actively supporting, with the "Münchner Neueste Nachrichten" soon reporting on "two tricksters that take people's money". However, the romantic relationship ended abruptly when after a fight Stier left the premises head over heels; the reason for their fight is unknown to this day. The end of the relationship depressed Spitzeder who locked herself in her rooms and only recovered because her customers, wishing to be able to invest in her bank again, cared for her until she recovered.
Adele Spitzeder | Personal life
After review, only assets corresponding to 15 percent of the investments were recovered. A wave of suicides by people who lost everything followed.
Adele Spitzeder | Bankruptcy and criminal charges
Spitzeder withstood the pressure levied against her by the authorities and the "Münchner Neueste Nachrichten" for a while, mainly because banking laws and financial regulations were non-existent and because a few years prior, Bavaria had introduced legislation that allowed almost any business to operate with almost no oversight. In February 1872, an attempt by the "Münchner Neueste Nachrichten" to discredit her made a lot of customers ask for their investments back, but also brought a rise in new customers. In March 1872, Munich's police director had to admit that the attack, which the police had hoped would end Spitzeder's business, had failed.
Adele Spitzeder | Bankruptcy and criminal charges
Contemporaneous English-language publications such as "Harper's Weekly" referred to it as the "Spitzeder swindle". In her doctoral thesis, Hannah Davies recounts the case of Johann Baptist Placht, who in 1874 was indicted for running a Ponzi scheme in Vienna and notes that contemporaries compared his business model to Spitzeder's. Unlike Placht and other fraudsters, Spitzeder never made claims of investing the money and explicitly gave no securities, which paradoxically led customers to trust her more. By October 1871, the proprietor of the hotel in which she was living and working was no longer willing to tolerate the customer traffic. Spitzeder moved into the house at No.
Adele Spitzeder | Growth of business
In need of a new companion, Spitzeder placed an advertisement in the local newspapers for a "Gesellschafterin" ("lady's companion"), a code that was known to refer to women seeking a female romantic partner. Out of a large number of applicants, she chose a French woman who however apparently did not understand the code and thus left her house after only a few weeks. Shortly afterwards, Rosa Ehinger moved into the house next door with her mother. Originally from Augsburg, Ehinger had dreams of becoming an actress, so Spitzeder, 19 years her senior, took the young woman, who soon started working in her bank, in and showered her with lavish gifts.
Adele Spitzeder | Personal life
Nevertheless, she took one last engagement in Altona. During one of her engagements, she met Emilie Stier, stage name Branizka, a fellow actress with whom she soon began a romantic relationship. Despite multiple engagements over a period of many years, she failed to achieve lasting success on the stage. The contemporary source "Der Neue Pitaval" attested that she had the necessary talent but attributed her lack of success to her appearance. In his biography of Spitzeder, Julian Nebel cites a contemporary describing her as having a "not very beautiful, square face with rough traits, out of which a long, broad nose protrudes; the mouth is broad, the chin pointy, the gray eyes hard to read, a real butch".
Adele Spitzeder | Acting career
She lived in Bad Wildbad for ten months where she started writing music for the pianino. She met the director of a theater in Altona who offered her a guest role but she was received negatively. The local "Altonaer Generalanzeiger" newspaper commissioned the production of small whistles which they sold as "Spitzeder-whistles" for people to use at her next performance. Spitzeder however refused to act on the stage in Altona again and left the town for Berlin where people waited in anticipation to see the famous fraudster. However, before she could perform, the Berlin police prevented her performance and forced her to depart the city the same day, so she returned to Munich.
Adele Spitzeder | Later life and death
Pauline Allen-Dean is a former banker in The Bahamas. She was the first woman to become manager of a commercial bank and the first woman to serve as managing director of a commercial bank.
Pauline Allen-Dean | Introduction
No longer able to find work in Germany, she left for Vienna but the authorities there forbade any contact between her and the theater's director. Unable to perform under her own name, she began composing music and performing as Adele Vio. In 1878, she published her memoir entitled "Geschichte meines Lebens" (Story of my life). In it, she had formulated plans for after her release from prison, such as opening a brewery in the Au, a large restaurant in western Munich, and a horse racing track near Nymphenburg Palace, none of which came to fruition. After releasing her memoir, she again began to give out promissory notes that now contained explicit warnings that she was not providing any security and that the creditor has to be willing to waive any rights of reimbursement if she was not able to pay them back.
Adele Spitzeder | Later life and death
According to her autobiography, her success there led to conflicts with the other actors which in turn led her to leave the engagement after six months for health reasons. She then returned to Munich for six months to recuperate. Despite her mother's urging, she returned to acting at Nuremberg where she was engaged for a year. Afterwards, she played in Frankfurt, Bern, Zürich, Mainz and Karlsruhe. After returning to Munich to visit her mother, she was offered an acting job in Pest with annual salary of 3,000 gulden which she turned down at her mother's wishes. Her mother offered her 50 gulden per month for life if she turned the job down.
Adele Spitzeder | Acting career
Adele was born in St. Louis to Adolph Burgdorfer and Mary Elizabeth Frederick, both of whom were immigrants from Germany. Before moving to Los Angeles at the age of 16, she worked in a movie theater, where she got to watch countless films. Once she arrived in L.A., she got a job selling tickets at a theater in Hollywood; she worked as a treasurer for several theaters during this time period.
Adele Buffington | Early life
Amyot was appointed president of the bank, and in the end it was merged with Banque d'Hochelaga, with Amyot as vice president of the new bank.
Georges-Élie Amyot | Politics
By 1871, Spitzeder was in possession of multiple millions of gulden and artwork valued at several million. According to a contemporary report in "Harper's Weekly", at the height of her fortune in 1872 she was considered to be the wealthiest woman in Bavaria.
Adele Spitzeder | Growth of business
In late May 1995, he announced that the bank's profits for 1994 (2.64 billion CFA francs) were 18% higher than its profits for 1993, and he expressed hope that there would be similar growth in 1995.
Richard Auguste Onouviet | Early administrative career
She wanted the job of bank officer, which at that time was a job only for men, so she spent 14 years going to night school to get three certificates from the American Banker's Society. Then she went to Ohio State University Graduate School of Banking to study real estate finance. After this, she returned to Guaranty Bank and again moved up the ranks. During this time, she trained new bank presidents and regularly performed duties of acting president, so at one point, she asked the board president why he didn't give her the job of bank president. He said it was because Denver wasn't ready for a woman bank president and because she didn't have grey hair.
B. LaRae Orullian | Introduction
Well-known bankers of the Danatbank and its predecessors are (in alphabetical order):
Danatbank | Well known figures
The South Bank Show is a television arts magazine show that was produced by ITV between 1978 and 2010, and by Sky Arts from 2012. Adele has been nominated once. ! !scope="row"| 2012
List of awards and nominations received by Adele | South Bank Sky Arts Awards
Many well-known personalities have worked as bank tellers including:
Bank teller | Celebrities who are former Bank Tellers
Adele Neuhauser (born 17 January 1959 in Athens, Greece) is an Austrian actress. She began her career as a theater actress. Later she also worked for television and cinema. She is a member of the Akademie des Österreichischen Films.
Adele Neuhauser | Introduction
A French movie, "La Banquière" ("The Lady Banker"), by Francis Girod, was made in 1980, starring Romy Schneider as "Emma Eckhert", a thinly fictionalized Hanau.
Marthe Hanau | Legacy
The bank has its roots back to 1845, and today's modern bank is a result of several mergers of local savings banks through the history. The last found place in 2017 when Bank 1 Oslo Akershus AS was merged in.
Sparebanken Hedmark | History
On 31 March 1830, Paul Frédéric Bonna left the firm to start his own bank, Bonna & Cie. The bank remained active for almost a century, before being absorbed into Hentsch & Cie in 1920. In 1830, Jean-Gédéon Lombard (aged 66), handed over the bank to his eldest son Jean-Eloi Lombard. He then appointed Charles Odier as associate manager on 1 April 1830, and the bank became Lombard, Odier & Cie. Charles Odier, who was 25 years old at the time, had learned the banking profession from the firm Gabriel Odier & Cie, which was managed by his Parisian cousin, and held significant assets from the success of the company F.
Bank Lombard Odier &amp; Co | Lombard, Odier & Cie
She has been the vice-president of the bank since 1995. She has headed several foundations and received several awards for her work.
Nicole Ménard | Introduction
Vrablic began her career as a bank teller, before moving into in private banking in 1989, working for Citigroup and then Bank of America, joining Deutsche Bank in 2006. She got her start in private banking in 1989 when she was still a bank teller, living with her parents in Scarsdale, New York, after a chance two-hour train conversation with Howard Ross, the then-chief credit officer of Bank Leumi.
Rosemary Vrablic | Career
As an accountant, Geller became an executive of the Jerusalem-based King Solomon Bank.
Ada Geller | Biography
At a young age Banks became interested in musical theater, dancing, acting and singing. At age 16, she starred in a production of the comedy-noir musical "City of Angels", where she was found by an agent who sent her to auditions for TBS, Nickelodeon, and "Law & Order", all without success. At this point Banks decided to end her pursuit of an acting career, citing the stiff competition and overall sense of unfulfillment. Because of this unfulfillment, she began writing rap and R&B songs as a creative outlet. She never finished high school, instead choosing to follow her dream of becoming a recording artist.
Azealia Banks | Early life and career beginnings
Blood financed a summer stock company and leased the auditorium of the Bronxville High School for plays. The plays were scheduled to run for six weeks, but closed in three weeks. Both mother and daughter appeared in the casts.
Adele Blood | Legacy
Born in Zurzach, he was an economist by education, who earned a Ph.D from the University of St. Gallen, a research university in St. Gallen. Widmer was hired by Julius Baer in 2005 from his previous position as head of private banking at Credit Suisse, succeeding Walter Knabenhans. He had been the head of the bank's private banking business before assuming responsibility for the entire bank, including asset management and investment products. Widmer had been appointed as chief executive of Julius Baer in November 2007, where he expanded the bank's offices into such places as Jakarta, Indonesia and Moscow, places where new wealth could be found.
Alex Widmer | Biography
Wanting to follow in her parents' footsteps and against her mother's wishes, Spitzeder studied with Munich actresses Konstanze Dahn and Charlotte von Hagn. In 1856 or 1857, she debuted at the Hofbühne in Coburg to great acclaim playing Deborah and Mary Stuart. In her memoirs, she claims that the Duke of Coburg and the Duke of Württemberg both praised her talent. Since there were no vacancies at Coburg, she left the Hofbühne to take an engagement at Mannheim before returning to Munich for a few guest roles at the National Theatre. Despite being offered a contract to play there, she knew that she would only be tasked with playing supporting roles due to fierce competition and thus decided to instead work at the theater of Brno.
Adele Spitzeder | Acting career
She replaced James Gatera, who resigned after nearly nine years at the helm of Rwanda's largest commercial bank by assets.
Diane Karusisi | Career
Tolstedt grew up in Kimball, Nebraska, where she says she first became interested in banking from following her father, a baker, to the local bank after work. She graduated from the University of Nebraska–Lincoln.
Carrie Tolstedt | Early life
Contemporary reports on the trial pointed to similarities to the case of Adele Spitzeder, who had run a similar business in Munich until November 1872; Spitzeder, however, unlike Placht, never claimed to invest the money people gave her or in fact explained how she intended to make a profit at all. In both cases, the customers were mainly from the lower classes of society.
Johann Baptist Placht | Similar cases
Adele Buffington (born Adele Burgdorfer, and sometimes billed as Jess Bowers) was an American screenwriter of the silent and sound film eras of Hollywood.
Adele Buffington | Introduction
Nivedita Kulkarni (born March 5, 1987) is an American actress, model, writer, and comedian. She performs regularly at the Upright Citizens Brigade Theater, and is best known as the national face of Bank of America. She is a part of the ensemble cast of "The Untitled Web Series That Morgan Evans Is Doing", which was nominated for a Writers Guild Award in 2013.
Nivedita Kulkarni | Introduction
Banks' reluctance to use social media is often noted by journalists. Although she has stated she lets her "management run that stuff", the singer did give out her telephone number on her Facebook fanpage. She has since become more active on her Instagram and Twitter accounts.
Banks (singer) | Public image
While the bank places emphasis on confidentiality and never reveals its clientele, it is widely believed that numerous aristocrats, politicians, entrepreneurs and media figures hold accounts with the bank.
Duncan Lawrie | Clientele
In a later interview with the "Western Mail" after his election, Gill commented: The company collapsed into administration with debts of £116,000, after its main bankers HSBC withdrew its borrowing facility, owing to the financial crisis of 2007–2008.
Nathan Gill | Early life and career
Other conservative Catholic newspapers, especially "Das Bayerische Vaterland" published by Johann Baptist Sigl, also supported her and characterized criticism of Spitzeder as attempts by "Jewish capital" to discredit a pious and hard-working woman, tapping into the widespread antisemitism of the times.
Adele Spitzeder | Public image
She was arrested on 13 February 1880 with her new companion, Marie Riedmayer, who had cared for her after her release from prison. However, the local prosecutors determined that people who were still willing to give her money after all that had happened did not need to be protected and Spitzeder was released.
Adele Spitzeder | Later life and death
Banks, for "more than fifteen years".
Bernard Baars | Introduction
Fellesbanken was a Norwegian bank that existed between 1920 and 1985 with offices in Oslo, Norway. It was created as a central bank for the Norwegian savings banks as well as functioning as a commercial bank. It merged with Sparebanken Oslo/Akershus in 1985 to form Sparebanken ABC. It is now part of DnB NOR.
Fellesbanken | Introduction
The following is the complete filmography of American actress, director, writer, and producer Elizabeth Banks.
Elizabeth Banks filmography | Introduction
In Australia, Banks pursued an acting career through studies in Shakespearean Training at the Old Tote Theatre Company (now NIDA – National Institute of Dramatic Arts). He had small acting roles in television series Number 96 and the Old Tote Theatre Company's production of Macbeth at the Sydney Opera House in 1974. Banks bought into the Red Pavilion Bar and Restaurant in Woolloomooloo, Sydney with restaurateur Soren Luno as partner. Its sale fourteen months later was when Banks realised his first capital. Banks married his Australian girlfriend, Andrea in 1974 and following an overseas honeymoon, decided to pursue more stable employment.
Andrew Banks | Early career
This bank was set up to help financing films.
Reichsfilmdramaturg | Introduction
Servon worked as a teller for several months at both a check casher and a payday lender seeking to shed light on why people are turning away from banks. The resulting work is called "The Unbanking of America: How the New Middle Class Survives".
Lisa J. Servon | Career
Báez then became bank assistant manager.
Lázaro Báez | Bank jobs
Lautenschläger began her career in banking supervision in 1995 at the Federal Banking Supervisory Office, the predecessor to today's Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (BaFin) and served as a member of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision between 2008 and early 2014.
Sabine Lautenschläger | Career
In 1890 Hirsch bought Bath House, Piccadilly in London.
Maurice de Hirsch | Banking career
Otting started his career at Bank of America, where he held positions in branch management, preferred banking, and commercial lending. From 1986 to 2001, Otting was with Union Bank, where he held roles including deputy regional vice president, senior vice president, executive vice president, and group head of commercial banking.
Joseph Otting | Bank of America and Union Bank
Spitzeder was released from prison on 9 September 1876 in poor health, being hemiplegic and unable to walk stairs on her own. During and after her stay in prison, those who had profited from her abandoned her and the newspapers that previously defended her made money by publishing exposés about her. However, some former customers, despite their losses, helped her; she found a place to stay with the widow of a judge and was given money. Her doctor prescribed her a stay at the sanatorium in Bad Wildbad where she went at her benefactors' expense. Shortly after arriving, she was surrounded by fans and received publicity in local newspapers.
Adele Spitzeder | Later life and death
After World War I, the bank slowly began to consider branch banking. In 1919 the bank acquired Hollywood National Bank and Citizens Savings Bank of Hollywood. It operated both as the Hollywood Branch. In 1920, it opened a third branch at Seventh and Grand. By the end of 1920, now a $100 million bank, Security engaged with 30 other banks to more thoroughly study branch banking. After their report was received, the banks began expanding. Sartori, always careful, expanded cautiously. Acquisitions included seven in 1922; eleven in 1923 and thirteen in 1924, including his old firm, the First National Bank of Monrovia.
Joseph Francis Sartori | Branch banking
Harkey has served as a vice-president in the banking industry and has had a 30-year career in corporate banking and finance.
Diane Harkey | Banking career
A scene is then focused around the atmosphere outside a fictional bank named "La Banca dei Fortunati", as the girls begin to arrive. The name of the bank director is "Benito Berlusconi". The scene then shifts to an ATM where money is seen ejecting. Lewis and Nicole then walk into the bank holding whips. Natalie comes through another entrance with her glasses on her head. With security all around, Natalie acts innocent by pretending to be doing her make-up while she waits for Nicole and Lewis to act out the robbery. The latter ones are then seen sitting down at a table making a deal with the bank managers.
Rock Steady (All Saints song) | Music video
Banks has been based in Brooklyn for much of her career.
Ellen Banks | Career
Born in Stockport, Banks graduated with a BA in Business Studies from Manchester Polytechnic. He went on to train as an Associate of the Chartered Institute of Bankers. From 1984 to 1987 he worked at Midland Bank, being promoted to Corporate Finance Executive. He became General Manager of Liverpool-based Girobank, a national-owned bank run through the Post Office network, in 1987. Girobank was taken over by Alliance & Leicester in 1990 and Banks stayed on as Girobank's Director of Corporate Banking until 1996 and then Managing Director until 2000. During this time he was also a director of VISA UK from 1992 to 1994.
Richard Banks (banker) | Banking career
The successful years were interrupted by the "seizure of power" of the Nazis. Since the Aufhäusers belonged to the Jewish faith, the bank was subjected to massive reprisals and it lost a large part of its customers - by coercive measures (Jew boycott etc.), emigration or deportation. The Bankhaus H. Aufhäuser was "forcefully Aryanized " as a result of the so-called Pogrom Night in early November and, in December 1938, Friedrich Wilhelm Seiler took over the bank. H. Aufhäuser was thus one of the last private banks and one of the most important ones that was aryanized in this way.
Hauck &amp; Aufhäuser | Aryanization
Banks began her career as a theatre and television producer who produced projects including the Broadway theatre production of "I Got a Girl for You! (The Frankenstein Musical)" and "American Playhouse" specials "True West" and "The Dining Room". She is an executive producer of the Cannes Film Festival winning documentary "Freedom to Choose". She received her Masters of Arts in Spiritual Psychology from the University of Santa Monica. In 1996, she authored "It Works For Me". She was also a contributing editor for several books including "Chicken Soup for the Soul". As a relationship expert, Banks makes regular television appearances on networks including ABC and CBS and CNN.
Heide Banks | Career
brought Adele Spitzeder's story to the stage as a play for marionettes in the 1870s. In 1972, Martin Sperr wrote a television movie that was directed by Peer Raben and starred Ruth Drexel as Spitzeder. The play "Die Spitzeder" by Sperr was first performed on 11 September 1977. In 1992, the Bayerischer Rundfunk broadcast the documentary "Adele Spitzeder oder das Märchen von den Zinsen" ("Adele Spitzeder or the fairy tale about the interest") by . Xaver Schwarzenberger adapted the story again as a television movie titled "Die Verführerin Adele Spitzeder" ("The seducer Adele Spitzeder"). It was produced by the Bayerischer Rundfunk and the ORF, starred Birgit Minichmayr as Adele Spitzeder and was first broadcast on 11 January 2012.
Adele Spitzeder | In popular culture
In January 1907, he retired from United Savings and Banking Co. of Cleveland, where he had become president, following his involvement in many Cleveland area banks.
Hannes Tiedemann | Businesses
In 1978 Cohen started his career at Republic National Bank of New York under Edmond Safra. In 1985 he became head of private banking for Banque Safra-Luxembourg and in 1991 head of Republic National Bank of New York. When the bank was acquired by HSBC in 1999 and renamed to HSBC Private Bank Monaco he became its managing director. In 2016 he resigned.
Gérard Cohen | Career
She worked as secretary at the American Counsulate in Peru, later becoming a stunt journalist when other women writers were relegated to society and fashion pages.
Elizabeth Banks (journalist) | Introduction
The new commercial bank was launched officially in January 2014.
Annet Nakawunde Mulindwa | Career
Rose was born in 1969. She grew up overseas in a military family. She earned a bachelor's degree in History from Durham University.
Alison Rose (banker) | Early life
Lombard, Lullin & Cie were heavily affected by the economic environment during the bank's first few years. From 1800, the bankruptcy of the firm Corsanges in Lyon resulted in Jean-Gédéon Lombard losing 30,000 francs, causing Jean-Jacques Lullin to go bankrupt. In spite of this, the firm was able to continue in business. Jean-Jacques Lullin left the bank on 31 December 1815, but continued as a limited partner until his death in 1837. Therefore, from 1816 the firm took the name Jean-Gédéon Lombard & Cie until 1 January 1826, when Jean-Gédéon Lombard partnered with Paul-Frédéric Bonna. The bank then took the name Lombard, Bonna & Cie.
Bank Lombard Odier &amp; Co | Lombard, Odier & Cie
Banks".
Luke Baines | Career
Adelheid Luise Spitzeder was born on 9 February 1832 in Berlin. Her parents were the actors and singers Josef Spitzeder and Elisabeth "Betty" Spitzeder-Vio. She had six half-siblings from her father's first marriage to Henriette Schüler. Her parents met in Berlin where both were engaged at the Königsstädtisches Theater, Josef as a director and Betty as an actress; they married in 1831. That year, he performed as a guest at the National Theater in Munich to critical acclaim. King Ludwig I offered him and his wife a salary of 6,000 gulden yearly if they took a permanent engagement at the National Theater, which led to the family moving to Munich.
Adele Spitzeder | Early life
Liautaud established an investment bank, Liautaud & Cie in 2000. Previously she was a banker with Banque Indosuez. She was appointed a Chevalier de la Legion d’Honneur in 2011.
Martine Liautaud | Introduction
He began his career as a banker with First National Bank of Boston (1981–1984) in Boston and London, focusing on specialist debt and equity lending to the cable TV and film business. Subsequently, he joined Booz Allen & Hamilton as an associate in 1984. He became a partner in 1990. He focused on a broad range of strategic, financial and operating projects with numerous financial institutions working in Ireland, France, USA, Australia, UK and Saudi Arabia.
Clive Bannister | Career
On 26 November 2010. Turkey’s Savings Deposit Insurance Fund, or SDIF, has turned down BankPozitif’s offer to buy Adabank at an auction. Savings Deposit Insurance Fund expected $90 million as sale price and BankPozitif offer of $46 million was rejected as too low. Bank Pozitif, majority-owned by Israel’s Bank Hapoalim, was the sole bidder for the small Turkish lender Adabank. Bank Hapoalim, Israel's second-largest bank, bought a 57.6 percent stake in Turkey's Bank Pozitif in 2006 and raised its stake to 65 percent in 2008.
Adabank | Introduction
Under her stewardship, the company grew into the Otero Savings and Loan Association and, by 1983, had assets of $20 million. During this time, Ortega garnered numerous academic and business accolades for her efforts.
Katherine D. Ortega | Banking career
He entered N M Rothschild & Sons in London, the family's banking business. On the death of his uncle Baron Mayer de Rothschild in 1874, he became head of the family's banking business in London and took over most of his uncle's public offices. He also inherited Ascott House in Ascott, Buckinghamshire.
Leopold de Rothschild | Banking career
After the bank holiday, all financially sound banks would resume business. For persons who were unable to access their accounts, another part of the act authorized the executive branch to reorganize failed banks in order to free up frozen assets. The RFC was empowered to invest financial institution through their preferred stocks. Seventy percent of America's banks reopened after just six days. Jones's task as the new chair of the RFC was to reopen another 2,000 banks. He began with the reorganization of two of Detroit's largest banks by collaborating with Alfred P. Sloan of General Motors. They formed a new bank with matching investments from the RFC and General Motors, but more significantly, the RFC covered the deposits of the 800,000 frozen accounts from both failed banks with a loan of $230 million ().
Jesse H. Jones | Reconstruction Finance Corporation
The foremost of her critics was the liberal "Münchner Neueste Nachrichten" which in 1870 began calling Spitzeder a fraudster and kept questioning her honesty and business practices until the end. In reaction to it, she placed an ad in every major newspaper – except the "Münchner Neueste Nachrichten", which refused to print it – challenging her critics to demonstrate that she enticed her customers to give her money or that they were being disadvantaged. After attempts to bribe the "Münchner Neuste Nachrichten"'s editor in chief, August Napoleon Vecchioni, to cease their criticism failed, Spitzeder turned to the newspaper's main rival, the Catholic-conservative "Volksbote." A newspaper circulated in similar numbers as the "Münchner Neueste Nachrichten", the "Volksbote" was in serious financial troubles which it solved with a 13,000 gulden loan from Spitzeder; in turn, the "Volksbote" responded to each criticism in the "Münchner Neueste Nachrichten".
Adele Spitzeder | Public image
Elisabeth Bleyleben-Koren (born 9 October 1948) is an Austrian bank manager. In 2008 she was awarded the Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria.
Elisabeth Bleyleben-Koren | Introduction
After school, Loewenstein worked as a stockbroker for Bache & Co. In 1963, he was part of a consortium formed to buy the merchant bank Leopold Joseph & Sons, along with fellow Oxford graduates Jonathan Guinness, Richard Cox-Johnson and Louis Heyman, and he became a director of the resulting firm. Leopold Joseph had previously been family owned by the Josephs, and carried out only specialised lines of banking business. Following the acquisition, the business was substantially expanded to include advice on issues and mergers, investment advice, and particularly currency trading. By 1971, the firm had become one of the principal dealers in London in investment dollars.
Prince Rupert Loewenstein | Banking
This performance led the "Evening Standard" to ask if he was "Britain's best banker".
Richard Banks (banker) | UK Asset Resolution
As screenwriter: As actress:
Bessie Banks (actress) | Selected filmography
The American Bankers Association and political conservatives criticized the study.
Alicia Munnell | Federal Reserve Bank of Boston
The FDIC in turn named MB Financial Bank as the institution receiving Broadway Bank's deposit accounts. The FDIC announced that it and MB Financial Bank would share $878.4 million in losses, for a cost of $394.3 million to the federal Deposit Insurance Fund. Broadway Bank was one of seven Illinois banks that were closed on the same day; the others were Chicago banks Citizens Bank & Trust Co., Lincoln Park Savings Bank, and New Century Bank; Amcore Bank in Rockford; and Peotone Bank and Trust Co.
Broadway Bank (Illinois) | Collapse
He was the first Jew to be a Director of the Bank of England, and, after his departure, no other Jew was on the directorate for more than fifty years.
Alfred de Rothschild | Banking career
Previously, she worked for the investment bank Lehman Brothers.
Mary Ellen Iskenderian | Introduction
Alex W. Widmer (May 1, 1956 – December 3, 2008) was a Swiss banker who had been the chief executive officer of the Julius Baer Group, one of the world's largest providers of private banking services.
Alex Widmer | Introduction
Another of Hugues Darier's sons, Jean-Louis Darier (1766–1825), earlier on contributed to the beginnings of the bank Ferrier, Lullin & Cie in 1795, but this organisation remains without any link to what is now Lombard Odier.
Bank Lombard Odier &amp; Co | The founding families
Lawton Wehle Fitt (born July 1953) is an American banker. She completed college at Brown University, majoring in European history. After working in Burkina Faso with the Peace Corps, she studied at the University of Virginia's Darden School of Business. From 1979 to 2002, Fitt was a banker with Goldman Sachs.
Lawton Fitt | Introduction