NOAA traces its history back to multiple agencies, some of which were among the oldest in the federal government: The most direct predecessor of NOAA was the Environmental Science Services Administration (ESSA), into which several existing scientific agencies such as the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, the Weather Bureau and the uniformed Corps were absorbed in 1965. NOAA was established within the Department of Commerce via the Reorganization Plan No. 4 and formed on October 3, 1970, after U.S. President Richard Nixon proposed creating a new agency to serve a national need for "better protection of life and property from natural hazards… for a better understanding of the total environment… [and] for exploration and development leading to the intelligent use of our marine resources".
History
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | History
Sorry. I cannot find the answer based on the context. Sorry. I cannot find the answer based on the context. United States Within the United States Department of Commerce
what is the scientific name of blacknose shark?
user
Carcharhinus acronotus
assistant
where is it commonly found?
user
Tropical and subtropical waters of the western Atlantic Ocean
assistant
who described it first?
user
Felipe Poey
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can you describe their habitat?
user
They inhabits the continental and insular shelves off the eastern coast of the Americas, as far north as North Carolina and as far south as southern Brazil.
assistant
what can you tell me about its conservation status?
user
the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration announced that it being overfished, and proposed new conservation measures.
assistant
how are its interactions with human?
user
They have never been implicated in an attack on humans.
assistant
what can you tell me about the aforesaid administration?
user
It is an American scientific agency.
assistant
what is its function?
user
Sorry. I cannot find the answer based on the context.
assistant
what services do they offer?
user
Data and Information Service (NESDIS), the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), the National Ocean Service (NOS), to name some.
assistant
when was its formation?
user
October 3, 1970
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where is it located?
user
Nixon as the Office of Minority Business Enterprise. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) was created on October 3, 1970.
United States Department of Commerce | Organizational history
NOAA traces its history back to multiple agencies, some of which were among the oldest in the federal government: The most direct predecessor of NOAA was the Environmental Science Services Administration (ESSA), into which several existing scientific agencies such as the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, the Weather Bureau and the uniformed Corps were absorbed in 1965. NOAA was established within the Department of Commerce via the Reorganization Plan No. 4 and formed on October 3, 1970, after U.S. President Richard Nixon proposed creating a new agency to serve a national need for "better protection of life and property from natural hazards… for a better understanding of the total environment… [and] for exploration and development leading to the intelligent use of our marine resources".
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | History
This structure remained through the transition of the commission's placement within the U.S. Commerce Department's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), in 1970.
National Marine Fisheries Service | History
On 3 October 1970, a major reorganization occurred which formed the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under the United States Department of Commerce. As part of the reorganization, the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries was removed from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and placed under NOAA, and ships of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries fleet joined those of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey in forming the new NOAA fleet. At first, the major ships that were to constitute the new fleet reported to separate entities, with former Coast and Geodetic Survey ships subordinate to the National Ocean Survey (the Coast and Geodetic Survey's successor organization within NOAA), while former BCF ships like "George B.
NOAAS George B. Kelez (R 441) | NOAA
The only major subsequent change to the Sea Grant Act was with a 1970 Reorganization Plan, whereby the Office of Sea Grant was transferred from the National Science Foundation to the newly organized National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, where it still resides today.
National Sea Grant College Program | History of the Sea Grant College Program
President Richard Nixon formed the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in 1970, bringing C&GS into the new scientific agency. Today, the Office of Coast Survey provides the nation with navigation products and information for improving commerce and security, and for protecting coastal environments. Among other products and services the Office produces the U.S. nautical charts and the "United States Coast Pilot".
Office of Coast Survey | Recent history
July 1971 Environment Agency established November 1971 NIES Founding Committee established March 1974 National Institute for Environmental Studies established
National Institute for Environmental Studies | History
Established in 1961, the NODC was originally an interagency facility administered by the U.S. Naval Hydrographic (later Oceanographic) Office. The NODC was transferred to NOAA in 1970 when NOAA was created by Executive Order by then-President, Richard Nixon. In the words of its charter, the NODC serves to "acquire, process, preserve, and disseminate oceanographic data." Its primary mission is to ensure that global oceanographic data sets collected at great cost are maintained in a permanent archive that is easily accessible to the world science community and to other users.
National Oceanographic Data Center | History
The official website of NASOH
North American Society for Oceanic History | External links
On July 13, 1965, the Environmental Science Services Administration (ESSA), was established and became the new parent organization of both the Coast and Geodetic Survey and the United States Weather Bureau. At the same time, the Coast and Geodetic Survey Corps was removed from the Surveys direct control, subordinated directly to ESSA, and renamed the Environmental Science Services Administration Corps, or "ESSA Corps." As the ESSA Corps, it retained the responsibility of providing commissioned officers to man Coast and Geodetic Survey ships. On October 3, 1970, ESSA was expanded and reorganized to form the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
U.S. National Geodetic Survey | ESSA and NOAA years
In 1970, with the formation of NOAA, the libraries of the National Weather Service, the Coast Survey, and National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) merged to become the NOAA Central library. Part of the NOAA Central library collection is from the former United States Weather Bureau library, itself descended from the United States Signal Corps library. The library was previously located in Rockville, Maryland just northwest of Old Georgetown Road until 1993, when it moved to its current location in Silver Spring, Maryland. Its website was established in 1995.
NOAA Central Library | History
At the ocean floor and below consists of several layers including nannomarls (1), clays (2), multicolored silty clay (3), that level located 5,000 meters deep, below are black shales (4a and 4b) and nano-limestones (5a and 5b). Below is the oceanic crust composing basalt (7) just below around 5,800 metres deep. The top part were formed during the Pleistocene and Miocene age, the second unit were formed during the Late Eocene age, the b subunit were also formed during the Late Paleocene age. The lower units were formed during the Valangian, Oxfordian and Kimmeridgian ages.
DSDP 367 | Stratigraphy
After its foundation in 1969, Oceanic Society grew rapidly in the San Francisco Bay Area through membership drives, citizen science programs involving Bay Area yacht owners, and an Expeditions program. The organization's initial focus was on environmental issues in the Pacific Ocean, but the Bay Area chapter simultaneously sought to create a model that would be re-created by chapters worldwide. In 1974, Christopher du Pont Roosevelt, grandson of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, took on the leadership of Oceanic Society and served as the organization's president, CEO, and trustee until 1985. Under Roosevelt's leadership the organization moved its headquarters to Stamford, Connecticut and expanded nationally to more than 60,000 members in 5 chapters.
Oceanic Society | Early history
The agency was organized in the following departments.
State Oceanic Administration | Administration
On 3 October 1970, a major reorganization occurred which formed the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under the United States Department of Commerce. As part of the reorganization, the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries was removed from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and placed under NOAA, and ships of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheres fleet joined those of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey in forming the new NOAA fleet. At first, the major ships that were to constitute the new fleet reported to separate entities, with former Coast and Geodetic Survey ships subordinate to the National Ocean Survey (the Coast and Geodetic Survey's successor organization within NOAA), while former Bureau of Commercial Fisheries ships reported to the Bureau's successor within NOAA, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS).
MV Pribilof | NOAA
The university was founded in 1886 as a business school in Roanoke, Virginia. It later expanded to a national business school and developed multiple campuses.
American National University | History
On 3 October 1970, a major reorganization occurred which formed the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under the United States Department of Commerce. As part of the reorganization, the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries was removed from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and placed under NOAA, and ships of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries fleet joined those of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey in forming the new NOAA fleet. At first, the major ships that were to constitute the new fleet reported to separate entities, with former Coast and Geodetic Survey ships subordinate to the National Ocean Survey (the Coast and Geodetic Survey′s successor organization within NOAA), while former BCF ships reported to the BCF's successor within NOAA, the National Marine Fisheries Service.
NOAAS Murre II | NOAA
NASOH also houses the U.S. Commission on Maritime History which is a constituent member of the International Commission for Maritime History. NASOH's organizational records are deposited in the Joyner Library at East Carolina University.
North American Society for Oceanic History | Introduction
In 1934, a tabulation unit was established in New Orleans, Louisiana to process past weather records. Climate records and upper air observations were punched onto cards in 1936. This organization was transferred to Asheville, North Carolina in 1951, where the National Weather Records Center (NWRC) was established. It was housed in the Grove Arcade Building in Asheville, North Carolina. Processing of the climate data was accomplished at Weather Records Processing Centers at Chattanooga, Tennessee, Kansas City, Missouri, and San Francisco, California, until January 1, 1963 when it became consolidated with the NWRC. This name was maintained by the agency through 1967.
National Climatic Data Center | History
Opened in 1844 in Foggy Bottom north of the present site of the Lincoln Memorial and west of the White House (see: Old Naval Observatory), the observatory moved in 1893 to its present location on a 2000-foot circle of land atop Observatory Hill overlooking Massachusetts Avenue. These facilities were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2017.
United States Naval Observatory | History
It re-located in 1905 to the La Jolla area on the head above La Jolla Cove, and finally in 1907 to its present location. In 1912 Scripps became incorporated into the University of California and was renamed the "Scripps Institution for Biological Research." Since 1916, measurements have been taken daily at its pier. The name was changed to Scripps Institution of Oceanography in October 1925. During the 1960s, led by Scripps Institution of Oceanography director Roger Revelle, it formed the nucleus for the creation of the University of California, San Diego on a bluff overlooking Scripps Institution. The Old Scripps Building, designed by Irving Gill, was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1982.
Scripps Institution of Oceanography | History
On 3 October 1970, a major reorganization occurred which formed the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under the United States Department of Commerce. As part of the reorganization, the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries was removed from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and placed under NOAA, and ships of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheres fleet joined those of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey in forming the new NOAA fleet. At first, the major ships that were to constitute the new fleet reported to separate entities, with former Coast and Geodetic Survey ships subordinate to the National Ocean Survey (the Coast and Geodetic Survey′s successor organization within NOAA), while former Bureau of Commercial Fisheries ships like "Oregon" reported to the Bureau′s successor within NOAA, the National Marine Fisheries Service.
NOAAS Oregon (R 551) | NOAA
For a time during the 1960s, the Weather Bureau's Office of Climatology was located in Suitland, Maryland. In 1970, various federal weather and climate functions were consolidated into the National Weather Service (NWS) and placed in a new agency called the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). In the 1980s the National Weather Service established the Climate Prediction Center, known at the time as the Climate Analysis Center (CAC). The CPC is best known for its United States climate forecasts based on El Niño and La Niña conditions in the tropical Pacific.
Climate Prediction Center | History
The Office of Administration was formed by merging the administrative functions of ten entities that were present in the Executive Office by the signing of by President Jimmy Carter on December 12, 1977.
Office of Administration | History
The system then continued to weaken as it moved northward, before finally merging with another low pressure system on February 10 to the south of it which had also exited from the East Coast.
Early February 2016 nor'easter | Meteorological history
The first international organization of oceanography was created in 1902 as the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. In 1903 the Scripps Institution of Oceanography was founded, followed by Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in 1930, Virginia Institute of Marine Science in 1938, and later the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University, and the School of Oceanography at University of Washington. In Britain, the National Oceanography Centre (an institute of the Natural Environment Research Council) is the successor to the UK's Institute of Oceanographic Sciences. In Australia, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research (CMAR), is a leading centre. In 1921 the International Hydrographic Bureau (IHB) was formed in Monaco.
Oceanography | Oceanographic institutions
By late on October 8, the system merged with a cold front while located about 405 mi (650 km) east of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. The remnants accelerated northeastward and became unidentifiable north of Bermuda on October 9.
Subtropical Storm Four (1974) | Meteorological history
Accordingly, it recommended the creation of an independent "National Oceanic and Atmospheric Agency" to administer the principal civil marine and atmospheric programs of the United States, and that the new agency be composed of the United States Coast Guard from the United States Department of Transportation; ESSA and its subordinates, the National Weather Service and U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, from the U.S. Department of Commerce; the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries and the functions of the Bureau of Sport Fisheres and Wildlife dealing with marine and migratory fishes from the United States Department of the Interior′s United States Fish and Wildlife Service; the National Sea Grant Program from the National Science Foundation; elements of the United States Lake Survey from the United States Department of the Army; and the National Oceanographic Data Center from the United States Department of the Navy.
Environmental Science Services Administration | Disestablishment and replacement by NOAA
In 1927, a National Academy of Sciences committee concluded that it was time to "consider the share of the United States of America in a worldwide program of oceanographic research." The committee's recommendation for establishing a permanent independent research laboratory on the East Coast to "prosecute oceanography in all its branches" led to the founding in 1930 of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. A $2.5 million grant from the Rockefeller Foundation supported the summer work of a dozen scientists, construction of a laboratory building and commissioning of a research vessel, the ketch "Atlantis", whose profile still forms the Institution's logo.
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution | History
Since 2001, the organization has hosted the senior staff and recent chair, Susan Solomon, of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's working group on climate science.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
In the US, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration keeps records of weather modification projects on behalf of the Secretary of Commerce, under authority of Public Law 92-205, 15 USC § 330B, enacted in 1971.
Weather modification | US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Immediately after liberation, on July 10, 1946, it was founded as the Central Meteorological Organization, an organization under the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of the North Korean Provisional People's Committee. In September 1952, it was directly under the cabinet. It was transformed into a State Hydro-Meteorological Administration in March 1961. In May 1975, it became an official member of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), joined the Intergovernmental Oceanography Committee in November 1978, the International Hydrology Program (IHP) in 1980, and the Antarctic Treaty in November 1987. On 26 August 2020, Korean Central Television (KCTV) broadcast through the night, for the first time, to monitor the progress of Typhoon Bavi.
State Hydro-Meteorological Administration | History
The structure was determined shortly thereafter in 1938.
Tocopherol | History
The radio station was founded on 29 March 1960. The Headquarters building has been a registered historic landmark since 2009.
National Education Radio | History
Navy and NOAA, the National Ice Center was formed in 1995 when the U.S. Coast Guard became a partner. The National Ice Center produces global sea ice charts and various cryospheric GIS products. They also name and track Antarctic icebergs if greater than on its longest axis. Icebergs must be a minimum of 19 kilometers in length to be tracked by the NIC.
National Ice Center | Introduction
It might have formed either through erosion of surrounding sediments by ocean currents or through isostatic subsidence.
Anton Dohrn Seamount | Geography and geomorphology
Senator Warren G. Magnuson of Washington. The commission began its work in early 1967, and on 9 January 1969 it issued its final report, entitled "Our Nation and the Sea: A Plan For National Action". The Commission determined that "because of the importance of the seas to this Nation and the world, our Federal organization of marine affairs must be put in order," and that fulfilling the U.S. ocean policy declared in the 1966 act and making "full and wise use of the marine environment" required the study of both the ocean and the atmosphere and their interactions with one another.
Environmental Science Services Administration | Disestablishment and replacement by NOAA
The NOAA flag is a modification of the flag of one of its predecessor organizations, the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey. The Coast and Geodetic Survey's flag, authorized in 1899 and in use until 1970, was blue, with a white circle centered in it and a red triangle centered within the circle. It symbolized the use of triangulation in surveying, and was flown by ships of the Survey. When NOAA was established in 1970 and the Coast and Geodetic Survey's assets became a part of NOAA, NOAA based its own flag on that of the Coast and Geodetic Survey.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | Flag
USNORTHCOM was established on 25 April 2002 when President George W. Bush approved a new Unified Command Plan, and attained initial operating capability on 1 October 2002.
United States Northern Command | Creation
NSTA was formed by the merger of two existing professional organizations, the American Science Teachers Association and the American Council of Science Teachers, at a July 1944 meeting in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The organization was initially headquartered at Cornell University. This first permanent headquarters, purchased in 1972, was located on Connecticut Avenue in Washington, D.C and then moved to Arlington, Virginia in 1994.
National Science Teaching Association | History
It ultimately moved northeastward along the coast and reached its lowest barometric pressure of 964 mb late on January 20, while situated east of New England. Widespread heavy snow fell from West Virginia and Virginia through Massachusetts and southern New Hampshire, with lighter amounts spreading into Maine. Totals of over were recorded from eastern Pennsylvania through central New England. Snowfall amounts were similar to that of a winter storm in February 1958. Following the storm, an anticyclone in the central United States maintained the cold air.
January 1961 nor'easter | Synoptic history
The island was formed about 6000 years ago following the rise of sea levels at the start of the Holocene. The island consists of an exposed calcarenite layer. The waters surrounding the island are less than in depth.
Unnamed island, Baird Bay | Formation, geology and oceanography
The National Historic Site was authorized on November 2, 1966. As an historic area administered by the National Park Service, it was automatically listed on the National Register of Historic Places the same day.
Theodore Roosevelt Inaugural National Historic Site | Administrative history
On 3 October 1970, a reorganization occurred which created NOAA under the United States Department of Commerce. Under the reorganization, the BCF came under the control of the new National Marine Fisheries Service NMFS, an element of NOAA, and via a phased process during 1972 and 1973 the ships of the NMFS and of another element of NOAA, the National Ocean Survey – successor to the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, which was abolished upon the 1970 creation of NOAA – were brought together to form a consolidated NOAA fleet. "John N. Cobb" became a part of the new NOAA fleet via this process and was redesignated NOAAS "John N.
NOAAS John N. Cobb | NOAA
The National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) was one of the national environmental data centers operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of the U.S. Department of Commerce. The main NODC facility was located in Silver Spring, Maryland and was made up of five divisions. The NODC also had field offices collocated with major government or academic oceanographic laboratories in Stennis Space Center, MS; Miami, FL; La Jolla, San Diego, California; Seattle, WA; Austin, Texas; Charleston, South Carolina; Norfolk, Virginia; and Honolulu, Hawaii. In 2015, NODC was merged with the National Climatic Data Center and the National Geophysical Data Center into the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI).
National Oceanographic Data Center | Introduction
When first formed it consisted of 13,350 personnel, 10,200 civilian staff and 3,150 military staff.
Naval Bases and Supply Agency | History
Thus, the National Geodetic Survey's ancestor organizations are also the ancestors of today's NOAA Corps and Office of Coast Survey and are among the ancestors of today's NOAA fleet. In addition, today's National Institute of Standards and Technology, although long since separated from the Survey, got its start as the Survey's Office of Weights and Measures.
U.S. National Geodetic Survey | Introduction
The National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) was created by NOAA to operate and manage the US environmental satellite programs, and manage NWS data and those of other government agencies and departments. NESDIS's National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) archives data collected by the NOAA, U.S. Navy, U.S. Air Force, the Federal Aviation Administration, and meteorological services around the world and comprises the Center for Weather and Climate (previously NOAA's National Climatic Data Center), the Center for Coasts, Oceans, and Geophysics (created by a merger of NOAA's National Coastal Data Development Center (NCDDC), National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), and the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC)).
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA ) is an American scientific agency within the United States Department of Commerce that focuses on the conditions of the oceans, major waterways, and the atmosphere. NOAA warns of dangerous weather, charts seas, guides the use and protection of ocean and coastal resources and conducts research to provide the understanding and improve stewardship of the environment.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | Introduction
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Historical Advisory Committee was established in 1964.
NASA Historical Advisory Committee | Introduction
As of that date, Moran became an officer of the new ESSA Corps. On 3 October 1970, ESSA was abolished and replaced by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Under the reorganization that accompanied the creation of NOAA, the Coast and Geodetic Survey was abolished and its functions were transferred to various parts of the new NOAA organization. The ESSA Corps became the new National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps (NOAA Corps), and Moran became a NOAA Corps officer. Moran served as chief of NOAA's Pacific Tides Party and as NOAA liaison to the United States Navy from 1970 to 1973.
Francis D. Moran | Career
The position of Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere was created by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Marine Fisheries Program Authorization Act of 1985. The position was created to serve as the Administrator of NOAA. It also created an Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere to serve as Deputy Administrator of NOAA. William Evans was the first person to have the title of Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere. The position of Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration was created earlier by the Reorganization Plan No. 4 of 1970.
Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere | History
President Barack Obama designated the Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument (NCSMNM) on September 21, 2016. Signing Proclamation 9496, which was found under section 320301 of title 54 of the United States Code, or the Antiquities Act of 1906, this made the Monument, which is located off the coast of New England, the first and only fully protected marine sanctuary in the Atlantic Ocean. According to a White House press release, the Monument was created in response to half a century of calls to protect the area, due to its importance as a biodiversity hotspot, habitat for numerous rare and endangered species, and a valuable scientific and historical site.
Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument | Creation
From 1966 through the summer of 1995, the Environmental Data Service, which became the National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, published the magazine. Within the United States National Weather Service (NWS), forecast weather maps began to be published by offices in New York City, San Francisco, and Honolulu for public use. North Atlantic forecasts were shifted from a closed United States Navy endeavor to a National Weather Service product suite via radiofacsimile in 1971, while northeast Pacific forecasts became publicly available by the same method in 1972. Between 1986 and 1989, the portion of the National Meteorological Center (NMC) known as the Ocean Products Center (OPC) was responsible for marine weather forecasting guidance within the NWS.
Ocean Prediction Center | History
The idea for forming an oceanographic society was hatched by a group of scientists, who approached both the American Geophysical Union and the American Meteorological Society with the idea. The two groups both responded positively, leading to several oceanographical events at the time. However, the need developed for the creation of an independent community, resulting in the formation of the Oceanography Society in March 1988. These early developments by the society were paralleled by developments in the Challenger Society for Marine Science.
The Oceanography Society | History
Five buildings would be built in 1904, 1915, 1919, 1934, and another one in the early 1930s. In 1938, NIH moved to a new campus in Bethesda, Maryland. The Office of Strategic Services and its successor the Central Intelligence Agency were located on the campus from WWII until 1961. In 1963, multiple buildings were demolished to construct the E Street Expressway. The facility housed the Navy's Bureau of Medicine and Surgery from 1942 until 2012.
Old Naval Observatory | History
This unit co-located with the WBAN analysis center to form the National Weather Analysis Center, which was located in Suitland, Maryland. When the two units merged, the name changed to the National Meteorological Center (NMC) in January 1958. When the JNWPU dissolved in 1961, NMC became an independent organization from Global Weather Central and Fleet Numerical Weather Central. Research and computer processing abilities increased over the years, which allowed for the first global forecast model to run by June 1966. By January 1975, much of the facility, minus the computers, moved to the World Weather Building, located in nearby Camp Springs, Maryland.
Weather Prediction Center | History
Designed by the Maritime Administration, "Researcher" was built of welded steel with an ice-strengthened hll as an "ocean survey ship" (OSS) for the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey by the American Shipbuilding Company at Toledo, Ohio. Launched in October 1968, she was delivered in June 1970 to the Coast and Geodetic Survey at the Atlantic Maritime Center in Norfolk, Virginia, and accepted there on 18 June 1970 by the Survey, which planned to commission her as USC&GS "Researcher" (OSS 03). She had not yet been commissioned when the Coast and Geodetic Survey and other United States Government agencies merged to form NOAA on 3 October 1970.
NOAAS Researcher (R 103) | Construction and commissioning
The National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program was established in 1988 by the US Congress following the success of similar scholarship opportunities in the oceanic Sea Grant and agricultural Land Grant fields. The catch-all term Space Grant refers back to these previous federal programs. In 1989, the program was given over to NASA, which now administers it in the same way that NOAA administers Sea Grant. The first meeting of the National Council of Space Grant Directors took place from January 16, 1990 to January 19, 1990 at the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory in Columbia, Maryland, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in La Cañada Flintridge, California.
National Space Grant College and Fellowship Program | History
The original ancestor organization of the NOAA Corps, the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Corps, existed from 1917 to 1965, then went through a transitional period as the Environmental Science Services Administration Corps (ESSA Corps) from 1965 to 1970 before becoming the NOAA Corps. Like NOAA Corps personnel today, Coast and Geodetic Survey Corps officers were eligible for the Department of Commerce awards described above, as well as awards such as the above-mentioned Colbert and Karo Medals and the awards and decorations of other uniformed services with which they served. The Coast and Geodetic Survey had no awards of its own until 1945, when the following awards – all now obsolete but part of the heritage of the NOAA Corps – were authorized in recognition of service during World War II, the national emergency preceding it, or its aftermath:
Awards and decorations of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | United States Coast and Geodetic Survey decorations and awards
NASA was created in 1958 from the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), formed 1915) and other related organizations, as a result of the Space Race between the United States and the Soviet Union in the 1950s, .
Creation of NASA | Introduction
V.C. Kelley divided the formation into members in 1971.
San Andres Formation, United States | History of investigation
WAS*IS was established in 2005 at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) located in Boulder, Colorado. WAS*IS was founded by Dr. Eve Gruntfest, a geographer at the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, and Julie Demuth, an atmospheric scientist at NCAR, as part of NCAR's Societal Impacts Program. Dr. Gruntfest was inspired by the comments of physical scientists she met during her career who were interested in integrating meteorology and social science but were unsure how to do the work, and did not know anyone else involved in societal impacts research or practice. WAS*IS has received support from the US Weather Research Program, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA, NCAR's Societal Impacts Program, the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, and NCAR's Institute for the Study of Society and Environment.
Weather and Society Integrated Studies | History
In 1914, the commission's work resulted in the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, of which the United States is one of the original signatories. In 1957, in order to help address marine issues, the United States Weather Bureau started to publish the "Mariners Weather Log" bi-monthly publication to report past weather conditions primarily over Northern Hemisphere oceans, information regarding the globe's tropical cyclone seasons, to publish monthly climatologies for use of those at sea, and to encourage voluntary ship observations from vessels at sea. From 1957 through 1966, the United States Weather Bureau's Office of Climatology published the Log.
Ocean Prediction Center | History
Constitutional changes to effect this organization were subsequently completed in early 1963.
Association of Environmental &amp; Engineering Geologists | History
Thereafter, the Coast and Geodetic Survey operated as an entirely civilian organization until May 1917.
U.S. National Geodetic Survey | Later 19th century and early 20th century
MIT Guyot formed during the Cretaceous about 123 million years ago. Based on paleomagnetic data, the seamount formed at a latitude of 11.5 ± 2.3 degrees south and is at least 118 million years old. A paleolatitude of 32.8 degrees south may also be possible and would be consistent with that of the Macdonald hotspot.
MIT Guyot | Geologic history
As the U.S. Coast Survey and U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, the agency operated a fleet of survey ships, and from 1917 the Coast and Geodetic Survey was one of the uniformed services of the United States with its own corps of commissioned officers. Upon the creation of the Environmental Science Services Administration (ESSA) in 1965, the commissioned corps was separated from the Survey to become the Environmental Science Services Administration Corps (or "ESSA Corps"). Upon the creation of NOAA in 1970, the ESSA Corps became the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps (or "NOAA Corps"); the operation of ships was transferred to the new NOAA fleet; geodetic responsibilities were placed under the new National Geodetic Survey; and hydrographic survey duties came under the cognizance of NOAA's new Office of Coast Survey.
U.S. National Geodetic Survey | Introduction
President's National Advisory Committee on Oceans and Atmosphere in 1978. He was instrumental in the founding of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). He received many awards including the AMS Meisinger Award in 1962 and the AMS Half Century Award in 1975.
Louis J. Battan | Career
At the start of October 2016, a broad area of atmospheric convection persisted, to the east-southeast of Anderson Air Force Base on Guam. The system was located within a favourable environment for further development, with low vertical wind shear and warm sea surface temperatures. Over the next couple of days the system moved north-westwards and started to consolidate, as it developed a low level circulation centre. It was subsequently classified as a tropical depression during October 4, by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), while it was located about to the northeast of Manila in the Philippines, to the east to the Babuyan Group of Islands.
Tropical Storm Aere (2016) | Meteorological history
The deposits of the formation were formed during the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO), just after the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum.
Itaboraí Formation | Age
The origins of NOAA Research date back more than 200 years with the creation of the Survey of the Coast in 1807 by Thomas Jefferson. The Coast Survey, which became the U.S. Lake Survey office in 1841, was developed to undertake "a hydrographic survey of northwestern [Great] lakes." Research executed by the scientists of this group was innovative and holistic: the first current meters were developed to understand water flow rates, and forecasting techniques were greatly enhanced to predict water levels and the relationship to lakefront property. The same traits of world class, long-term research continue to define NOAA Research today.
Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research | Introduction
In 1992, the previously separate "Naval Oceanographic and Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NOARL)", with centers in Bay St. Louis, Mississippi, and Monterey, California, was merged into NRL. Since then, NRL is also the lead Navy center for research in Oceanographic and Atmospheric Sciences, with special strengths in physical oceanography, marine geosciences, ocean acoustics, marine meteorology, and remote oceanic and atmospheric sensing.
United States Naval Research Laboratory | Modern era
In July 1954, the Joint Numerical Weather Prediction Unit (JNWPU) was created to test out numerical weather prediction techniques by computer. Operational numerical weather prediction in the United States began in 1955 under the JNWPU. This unit co-located with the Weather Bureau-Air Force-Navy (WBAN) analysis center to form the National Weather Analysis Center, which was located in Suitland, Maryland. When the two units merged, the name changed to the National Meteorological Center (NMC) in January 1958. When the JNWPU dissolved in 1961, NMC became an independent organization from Global Weather Central and Fleet Numerical Weather Central. Research and computer processing abilities increased over the years, which allowed for the first global forecast model to run by June 1966.
Environmental Modeling Center | History
Typhoon Nancy originated from a large area of convection situated in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, which, while drifting westward, began to consolidate on October 8 within a favorable environment aloft. The convection separated from an upper-level low embedded within a tropical upper-tropospheric trough (TUTT). Later that day, the area of convection degenerated into a "random area of cloudiness." The TUTT drifted west while the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) reported that a tropical depression formed within the area of convection that was now located south of the TUTT. Early on October 10, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) started watching the system.
Typhoon Nancy (1982) | Meteorological history
In 1970, President Richard Nixon transferred the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries and almost all its functions from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to the Department of Commerce. Simultaneous with its transfer, the office was renamed the National Marine Fisheries Service. It was placed under the control of NOAA, which was created as a component of the Department of Commerce on October 3, 1970 primarily through a reorganization of the Environmental Science Services Administration, which NOAA replaced.
National Marine Fisheries Service | U.S. Fish Commission placement within NOAA
In August 1980, the National Earth Satellite Service (NESS) was removed from the Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Services and became a principal agency line organization in NOAA with an Assistant Administrator who reported directly to the Administrator. This move reflected the increasing importance of satellite observations to NOAA's environmental science and service responsibilities. It was largely precipitated by a decision by the Carter Administration in November 1979 to assign NOAA management responsibility for all civil operational remote sensing from space. NESDIS was formed in 1982 with the merger of NESS and the Environmental Data Service. NESDIS has managed operational polar orbiting satellites (POES) since 1966.
National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service | History
Beginning in 1981, the Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere data set (COADS) began construction within the United States. In April 1985, the first version of this database was created, including 70 million reports covering the years of 1854 through 1979. Each year thereafter, recent data was added to the dataset to extend its length towards the present. In November 1996, the first gridded datasets were created, using a one degree latitude by one degree longitude grid for the years 1960 through 1993. The following November, they were revised and extended to cover years through 1995. In November 1999, they were extended into 1997.
International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set | History
Army Corps of Engineers began construction in 1948.
President's Island | History
Today, all organizations are collocated in the new National Weather Center facility, which was completed in 2006 at a cost of $69 million.
Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies | National Weather Center
The AIAA was founded in 1963 from the merger of two earlier societies: the American Rocket Society (ARS), founded in 1930 as the American Interplanetary Society (AIS), and the Institute of the Aerospace Sciences (IAS), founded in 1932 as the Institute of the Aeronautical Sciences. Paul Johnston was the first executive director of the organization. Jim Harford took his seat after 18 months. The newly-formed structure gathered 47 technical committees and one broad technical publication, the "AIAA Journal". The "AIAA Student Journal" was also launched in 1963. The merger also led to the sale of the organizations' former headquarter buildings, and the relocation in the Sperry Rand Building.
American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics | History
Prior to the merge, federal programs were deemed to be redundant. This merger would save the government money and allow one entity to control national weather products. The merger also moved weather operations to the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration in Suitland, Maryland.
6th Space Operations Squadron | History
The Beta site launched to the broader public on June 2, 2010 as part of the celebration of World Oceans Day on June 8.
Smithsonian Ocean Portal | History
The first chartered chapter was the Annapolis, Maryland chapter.
National Naval Officers Association | History
The same month, the Pacific Wing Command was established in Honolulu.
Naval Air Transport Service | Formation, 1941–42
In 1967, the Technical Committee on Space and Atmospheric Science launched a study to capture the opinion of its members in California on the UFO phenomenon. In April 2017, John Langford, CEO of Aurora Flight Sciences, was elected President of the AIAA.
American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics | History
The NGDC, was located in Boulder, Colorado as a part of the US Department of Commerce (USDOC), National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service (NESDIS).
National Geophysical Data Center | Location and controlling bodies
It was located 1'.6 west and 0'.7 north of the nucleus.
IC 5201 | Introduction
Coast and Geodetic Survey of the Environmental Science Services Administration (ESSA, forerunner of NOAA). The following year the Institute was relocated to Miami for a variety of reasons, including the presence already in Miami of meteorological research groups of ESSA dedicated to hurricane research, and air-sea interaction was a hot topic of the time in weather research. All of these groups were reorganized as the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories (AOML) and by 1973 took occupancy in the new laboratory constructed on Virginia Key. New projects include expansion of the use of satellite and locally operated remote sensing techniques to enhance the coverage and detail of observations.
Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory | History
The NCDC was then housed at the Veach-Baley Federal Complex in downtown Asheville where it moved after the building's completion in 1995. In 2015, NCDC merged with the National Geophysical Data Center and the National Oceanographic Data Center to form the National Centers for Environmental Information.
National Climatic Data Center | History
This represents one of the largest Federal agreement terminations for cause in history. The NSF chose Battelle in March 2016 to complete the construction of the Observatory in place of NEON, Inc.
National Ecological Observatory Network | History
Subtropical Storm Alpha was initially well-defined as it moved southwestward. The very small center was located along the eastern edge of the convection, while low-level cloud bands formed east of the center. At the time, the temperature structure was more typical of a winter storm, although it was expected to become more like a subtropical storm typical during the summer months. The winds decreased steadily as it turned more westward on May 27, and the heavy rainfall persisted mostly to the north and west of the center. The National Hurricane Center initially thought the center might not have been at the surface, and the agency indicated low forecasting confidence, as they could not determine a circulation center.
Subtropical Storm Alpha (1972) | Meteorological history
The ARC was established in 1972 as part of the Department of Geology at Victoria University. Its first director was Professor Peter Barrett.
Antarctic Research Centre | History
The Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) has existed since 1977 for the purpose of fostering research collaboration between National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR) and the University of Washington (UW). Dr. John K. Horne is the current director. It is one of 16 NOAA Cooperative Institutes (CIs). The JISAO research themes are:
Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean | Introduction
By late on November 17, a small eye feature about 19 km (12 mi) in diameter had formed, and at 0000 UTC the next day it was situated just offshore southwestern Hainan.
Typhoon Nepartak (2003) | Meteorological history
While located off the New Jersey coast, the storm stopped strengthening and slowly moved northward. The center was situated near central Long Island at 2100 UTC. Across eastern Long Island and parts of eastern New England, snow mixed with and, in some cases, changed over to rain. The surface low had moved into eastern Connecticut by early on December 31. As it continued to head northeastward, a new center of low pressure developed near Boston and moved towards coastal Maine. The storm system had abated by January 1.
December 2000 nor'easter | Synoptic history
Department of Commerce Science and Technology Fellowship Program, where she spent 10 months in a policy-making office in the federal government.
Evelyn J. Fields | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NIWA was formed as a stand-alone organisation in 1992 as part of a government initiative to restructure the New Zealand science sector. Its foundation staff came mainly from the former Department of Scientific, Industrial Research and the Meteorological Service. The Fisheries Research Division of the former Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries joined NIWA in 1995. NIWA is currently structured as a limited liability company under the Crown Research Institutes Act 1992
National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research | History
The legal basis for the establishment of the agency was the Disaster Prevention and Protection Act enacted in 2000. The agency was officially established in July 2003. In 2014, it became an administrative entity under the Ministry of Science and Technology.
National Science and Technology Center for Disaster Reduction | History
Efforts to involve sea surface temperature in model initialization began in 1972 due to its role in modulating weather in higher latitudes of the Pacific.
Atmospheric model | Initialization