The oribi has been classified as Least Concern by the IUCN. The total population (as of 2008) is estimated at 750,000. However, the subspecies "O. o. haggardi" is listed as Vulnerable because, as of 2008, the total population is estimated at less than 10,000 mature individuals, and is feared to be declining. Hunting is a relatively minor threat, since the oribi shows some tolerance to hunting. Nevertheless, the steep fall of 92% in oribi populations in Comoé National Park (Côte d'Ivoire) has been attributed to poaching. Numbers have also declined due to agricultural expansion and competition from livestock. The oribi occurs in a number of protected areas throughout its range, such as: Gashaka Gumti National Park in Nigeria, the Pendjari and W National Parks (Benin); Aouk Hunting Zone (Chad); Benoue, Bouba Njida and Faro National Parks (Cameroon); Manovo-Gounda St.
Threats and conservation
Oribi
Oribi | Threats and conservation
They are estimated as Vulnerable. Hunting is a relatively minor threat,  numbers have also declined due to agricultural expansion and competition from livestock. Not yet, it is classified as Least Concern by the IUCN. The oribi has been classified as Least Concern by the IUCN. Yes, the total population is estimated at less than 10,000 mature individuals, and is feared to be declining.
what is an oribi?
user
It is a small antelope.
assistant
where is it found?
user
Eastern, southern and western Africa from savannahs, floodplains and tropical grasslands
assistant
how does it look like?
user
This antelope features a slightly raised back, and long neck and limbs. The glossy, yellowish to rufous brown coat contrasts with the white chin, throat, underparts and rump. The bushy tail, brown to black on the outside, has white insides.
assistant
what family does it belong to?
user
It was the sole member of its genus
assistant
can you tell me about its diet?
user
Oribi prefers fresh grasses and browses occasionally. Grasses can constitute up to 90% of the diet; preferred varieties include "Andropogon", "Eulalia", "Hyparrhenia
assistant
is it under threat of extinction?
user
The oribi has been classified as Least Concern by the IUCN. The total population (as of 2008) is estimated at 750,000. However, the subspecies "O. o. haggardi" is listed as Vulnerable because, as of 2008, the total population is estimated at less than 10,000 mature individuals, and is feared to be declining. Hunting is a relatively minor threat, since the oribi shows some tolerance to hunting. Nevertheless, the steep fall of 92% in oribi populations in Comoé National Park (Côte d'Ivoire) has been attributed to poaching. Numbers have also declined due to agricultural expansion and competition from livestock. The oribi occurs in a number of protected areas throughout its range, such as: Gashaka Gumti National Park in Nigeria, the Pendjari and W National Parks (Benin); Aouk Hunting Zone (Chad); Benoue, Bouba Njida and Faro National Parks (Cameroon); Manovo-Gounda St.
Oribi | Threats and conservation
Since most of the secondary forest on this island has either been cut down or burnt, it is possible that this species is either close to extinction or perhaps already extinct.
Drupadia hayashii | Introduction
The conservation status of this species was changed from near threatened to vulnerable in the 2008 World Conservation Union (IUCN) Red List because the species has declined at least 30% over the past 30 years (three generations) due to hunting and habitat loss. This is considerably better than the 1994 assessment which found it to be endangered, followed by the 2003 assessment which found the species to be near threatened. Although the conservation status has improved, actual population numbers are on a decreasing trend. Since it only lives in white water flooded forests, it is very susceptible to human impact (i.e.: land acquisition for agriculture and/or pastures).
Bald uakari | Conservation
Deforestation and forest degradation are the most likely threats within the range of the Albertine owlet. The forest in the Itombwe Mountains and Kahuzi-Biéga National Park is under increasing pressure from agricultural clearance and grazing, timber cutting, mining and hunting. The range lies within a conflict ridden region with thousand of refugees in camps but this also seems to have resulted in outward emigration, leaving areas depopulated as well. More needs to be known about the biology and status of this taxon.
Albertine owlet | Conservation status
It is feared that the species might now be extinct. The precise reasons for this dramatic decline are not known, but climate abnormalities and chytridiomycosis are possible factors.
Atelopus petersi | Habitat and conservation
The species has been classified as extinct (and as of mid-2017, remains listed as such, pending an update by the IUCN), due to huge declines probably related to the disease chytridiomycosis, climate change and habitat loss. The species was not recorded between 1989 and 2016, despite some searching in historical localities. It was rediscovered in March 2016 when four adults (two males and two females) were located in Imbabura in two small forest patches in an area heavily modified for agriculture and livestock. These individuals tested negative for chytridiomycosis and were brought to the Jambatu Research and Conservation Center in the hope of establishing a captive breeding population.
Atelopus longirostris | Status and rediscovery
The species is listed as critically endangered by the IUCN. It is found in one area and its population is continuing to decline. It is under threat by increased urbanisation, effluents from agricultural and forestry, and livestock ranching. It occupies an area less than 10 km. There are no conservation measures in place.
Campanula aghrica | Conservation
It is classed as vulnerable by the IUCN because most of its habitat has been destroyed over the last 60 years, and it is now thought to live in an area as small as 20,000 km², of which only around 2,000 km² are occupied by this species. It is thought that habitat destruction is not the only cause for the decreasing population trend, but that they are also still hunted for food and collected for the pet trade. It may be more threatened than initially estimated, since the northern population were confirmed to be of different species ("V. bitatawa") in 2010.
Gray's monitor | Threats
The species is listed as near-threatened, and almost meets the criteria for vulnerable (having extent of occurrence (EOO) of less than 15,504 km²).The species shows no sign of continued decline in population. The species, like other island species, faces threats from natural disasters like hurricanes and volcanic eruptions. It may also face a threat from change in land cover, and agricultural use.
Sturnira angeli | Conservation
The reasons for the historic decline of the hirola are not known but is likely a combination of factors including disease (particularly rinderpest), hunting, severe drought, predation, competition for food and water from domestic livestock and habitat loss caused by bush encroachment as a result of the extirpation of elephants within its range. This hartebeest prefers areas that are used by livestock which puts them at increased risk from diseases like tuberculosis. It might be vulnerable to poaching, and is also subject to the natural phenomena of predation and competition with other wild herbivores, particularly topi and Coke's hartebeest, which the IUCN also calls 'threats'.
Hirola | Threats
It is probably threatened by loss of closed-canopy forests. It is present in the Moukalaba-Doudou National Park and probably in some other protected areas too.
Alexteroon obstetricans | Introduction
Once common, this frog is now rare and considered endangered by the IUCN. During a survey in 2012 it was only found at about 10% of the visited sites and in low densities, leading to the suggestion of recognizing it as critically endangered. The primary threats to the species are capture for human consumption, predation by introduced trout, pollution from mining, agriculture and human waste, and water fluctuations caused by the Upamayo Dam. These factors have also contributed to the decline of the native "Orestias" pupfish, historically an important part of the diet of the frog, but not recorded in a recent study of its diet.
Telmatobius macrostomus | Conservation and threats
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species lists this species as vulnerable. It is believed to have declined by 30% over the last 24 years and has low densities in fragmented populations in a range of about of mountain territory. It is threatened by habitat loss as the forests in which it lives are being felled for timber.
Bufo eichwaldi | Status
The oribi occurs in a variety of habitats – from savannahs, floodplains and tropical grasslands with tall grasses to montane grasslands at low altitudes, up to above the sea level. Recently burnt areas often attract groups of oribi. The choice of habitat depends on the availability of cover needed to escape the eyes of predators. Population densities typically vary between 2 and 10 individuals per km; however, densities as high as 45 individuals per km have been recorded in tropical grasslands that receive over of annual rainfall and open floodplains. The oribi's range overlaps with those of larger grazers such as the African buffalo, hippopotamus, hartebeest, Thomson's gazelle and topi.
Oribi | Distribution and habitat
This species has an extremely large range, estimated at 5 million square kilometres (1.9 million square miles) which is not believed to declining or fragmentating. Although its population is unknown, it is not thought to be declining. For these reasons the species is evaluated as Least Concern by the IUCN.
Ibisbill | Conservation status
This species is threatened because of habitat destruction. At the Forêt du Day site, 95% of its preferred juniper habitat is dead or dying and is unable to support this bird. While an overarching reason behind this destruction remains unknown, overgrazing by cattle, camels, and goats is believed to have been a significant contributor, along with rain, climate change, and a fungal disease. Hunting, the gathering of firewood, egg collecting, and general human disturbance are also believed to be threats. At the Mabla Mountains site, the habitat is also being degraded by the collection of firewood and overgrazing. In 1937, part of the Forêt du Day site was set aside as Day Forest National Park; this designation is no longer valid.
Djibouti spurfowl | Conservation
"C. stejnegeri" is classified as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species with the following criteria: B1ab(iii) (v3.1, 2001). A species is listed as such when the best available evidence indicates its extent of occurrence is estimated to be less than 20,000 km (7,720 mi), estimates indicate it is severely fragmented or known to exist at no more than 10 locations, and a continuing decline has been observed, inferred, or projected in its area, extent, and/or quality of habitat. Therefore, it is considered to be facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. The population trend was down when assessed in 2007.
Crotalus stejnegeri | Conservation status
In the 1990s this was considered a rather unknown species, being cryptic and easily overlooked, and it was believed not to be threatened and probably more common, but at the same time possibly endangered with extinction. Nonetheless, it has a restricted range, and in 1996 its conservation status was assessed as 'vulnerable' by the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI). In 2009 this was upgraded to 'endangered', but as of 2019 it is considered 'near threatened' by SANBI, with a population decreasing in numbers. Near threatened is because SANBI has inferred that the total population will be reduced in 2049 by 21-27%, based on the recent rate of habitat loss.
Protea decurrens | Conservation
Floris National Park (Central African Republic); Garamba, Upemba and Kundelungu National Parks (Congo-Kinshasa); Omo National Park (Ethiopia); Masai Mara Game Reserve and Ruma National Park (Kenya); Golden Gate Highlands National Park (South Africa); Serengeti National Park (Tanzania); Kidepo Valley, Lake Mburo and Murchison Falls National Parks (Uganda); Kafue and Liuwa Plain National Parks and Bangweulu Swamp (Zambia).
Oribi | Threats and conservation
According to the IUCN Red List the population is vulnerable and decreasing; threats include development, livestock farming, fire, invasive species and logging. Its conservation status has not been evaluated by any other source.
Boophis fayi | Conservation status
The species is classified as near threatened by the IUCN. Though still fairly common locally, its populations have decreased due to habitat loss, accelerated by massive logging operations, deforestation, cattle grazing, and mining. Illegal trapping for the local and international cage-bird trade is considered to be the main threat to this species, as it is adaptable and can tolerate some habitat modification if left unmolested. Heavy trapping pressure and habitat fragmentation due to forest clearing are thought to be responsible for some localised extinctions of this species.
Toucan barbet | Conservation
Some efforts being made for this species include – aggressive reforestation, trying to get a captive population, the removal of feral ungulates, and collecting of data about its life to help with the three other plans. Conservationists have yet to obtain the eggs of this species, which will be needed to create a breeding population in captivity. Moreover, adults will be needed to keep up what little populations are still left. It is threatened by habitat loss and predation by invasive species.
ʻAkiapolaʻau | Conservation and threats
Its natural habitats are stream margins in premontane and lower montane rainforests. It was formerly abundant but has seen a drastic population decline. Last seen in 1986, it might already be extinct. Its decline is likely to have been caused by chytridiomycosis, although climate change, pet trade, and pollution are also possible threats.
Atelopus senex | Habitat and conservation
Although the Knysna woodpecker has not yet been classified as endangered, the IUCN Red List lists them as Near Threatened as of 2012. Habitat shifting and alteration are predicted to occur in the future, affecting more than 90% of the population and causing rapid decline. A range contraction in KwaZulu-Natal in the 19th century has been attributed to the clearance of coastal bush for sugar-cane farming and township development. Some conservation actions, such as increasing knowledge and understanding about this species are already underway. For example, an estimated 1,000-1,500 individuals are thought to occur in reserves with these objectives like the Oribi Gorge Nature Reserve.
Knysna woodpecker | Conservation status and threats
The species is listed as near-threatened by the IUCN. The main threats it faces, like most other island species, is the chance of natural disasters like hurricanes and volcanic eruptions. It is also threatened by the change in land use and agriculture.
Sturnira paulsoni | Conservation
The Balikun jerboa has a wide range and is presumed to have a large total population. No specific threats have been identified and there are several protected areas within its range, so the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of "least concern".
Balikun jerboa | Status
Although not yet detected in "T. macrostomus", some of its relatives have strongly declined due to diseases like chytridiomycosis and "Ranavirus". Mass deaths have occurred in "T. macrostomus", with a particular large one in 1996, but the reason for this is unknown. Much of its range is within reserves, but protection is insufficient. Local and national groups, partially funded internationally, have started monitoring and conservation projects for this species, and education for the people living in its range. In 2008, an experimental captive breeding program was initiated at two centers at Lake Junin and it resulted in a few thousand tadpoles, but this project ceased in 2012.
Telmatobius macrostomus | Conservation and threats
This species population may be vulnerable to the loss of meadows of "Halimeda"due to the acidification of oceans, however, it can use other habitats and is listed as Least Concern by the IUCN. Internationally, it is also listed in Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) this means that it is on the list of species not necessarily threatened with extinction, but in which trade must be controlled in order to avoid utilization incompatible with their survival.
Hippocampus pontohi | Conservation status
Local droughts, possibly related to global climate change, have appeared to have further compromised the breeding habitat and behaviour of the species. Some conservation efforts have been undertaken, including protecting nests by the installation of metal belts that prevent predators from accessing them, but the protection of ideal habitat and the increasing human populations in Cambodia continues to be a vexing challenge. Increasing ecotourism in the region and education to local people is clearly required for the species to successfully recover from the brink of extinction. The current population is estimated at 100 pairs, with a total population (including young and juveniles) of fewer than 500 individuals.
Giant ibis | Status
"Atelopus planispina" inhabit humid montane forests at elevations of above sea level. Breeding probably takes place in streams. This species was last recorded in 1985 or in 1988, despite later searches. If the species still persists, the remaining population is likely to be very small. The past population decline was probably caused by chytridiomycosis. Current major threat are habitat loss caused by agriculture, logging, mining, and infrastructure development, as well as agricultural pollution. Its range overlaps with a number of protected areas.
Atelopus planispina | Habitat and conservation
"Mediusella bernieri" is in decline due to habitat destruction from activities such as agriculture, mining, fires and wood harvesting. In 2019, it was assessed by the IUCN as Endangered. Although four (of nine) subpopulations of the species are within the protected areas of Andavakoeira-Andrafiamena and Loky Manambato, the species' decline continues due to the above activities.
Mediusella bernieri | Threats
This species is classified by the IUCN as critically endangered and possibly extinct. Recent surveys have failed to find any specimens and the sublittoral zone, which was the species original habitat, is almost completely terrestrial nowadays, as a result of over-extraction of water from Lake Amvrakia; however, there remains a possibility that the species may survive in a small remnant of lake shore.
Islamia graeca | Conservation status
In 2009 the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) assessed the conservation status of the species as being 'near threatened'. In 2011 they reaffirmed this judgement, basing this on a suspected larger former population, based itself on the small extant populations. Although SANBI states that there is no evidence that the population is declining, they judge that the population is decreasing or will decrease in the future, giving as main reason climate change. It is feared that the development of fruit orchards on the Gydoberg is ongoing habitat loss for the plants found there, but this only a single subpopulation.
Protea effusa | Conservation
The IUCN classifies the okapi as endangered. It is fully protected under Congolese law. The Okapi Wildlife Reserve and Maiko National Park support significant populations of the okapi, though a steady decline in numbers has occurred due to several threats. Other areas of occurrence are the Rubi Tele Hunting Reserve and the Abumombanzi Reserve. Major threats include habitat loss due to logging and human settlement. Extensive hunting for bushmeat and skin and illegal mining have also led to population declines. A threat that has emerged quite recently is the presence of illegal armed groups around protected areas, inhibiting conservation and monitoring actions.
Okapi | Threats and conservation
The holotype was collected in a wild banana ("Ensete") in a forested hill to the west of Amani, at approximately above sea level. Other information on the species' habitat and ecology is not available. Considering that many surveys undertaken in the area, without positive records, and the extent of habitat loss in the area (first by tea plantations and at present by small-scale agriculture), it is possible that this species is extinct. Theoretically, it might be present in the Amani Nature Reserve, although intensive sampling has not revealed any specimens.
Parhoplophryne | Habitat and conservation
This species has been classified as having the "Data Deficient" conservation status under the New Zealand Threat Classification System.
Gymnobathra origenes | Conservation status
In 2006, the population in Ogaden was estimated at 1,500. The scenario is grim in Somalia: the dibatag have been overhunted, and their habitat faces destruction due to farming practices such as livestock grazing. They are also threatened by drought. It had nearly disappeared from most of the country by the early 1980s. Though locals claimed to have seen it in the central coastal hinterland even in the late 1980s, no clear surveys have been conducted since then to support this. Captive populations are not known.
Dibatag | Threats and conservation
The dibatag has been identified as Vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). It has not been listed under the Washington Convention (CITES). There are no protected areas in its range. No population estimates or surveys could be made in the three decades from the 1960s to the 1990s due to political unrest and armed conflicts in the areas covering the range. The total surviving population is not known. In 1998, Rod East gave an estimate that the populations must be in only a few thousand given a total remaining range of and a population density of 0.1 to 0.3 per square kilometer.
Dibatag | Threats and conservation
These separate species often occur in close proximity to each other, increasing predator vigilance. This antelope is highly sporadic in distribution; it occurs mainly in eastern, southern and western Africa, ranging from Nigeria and Senegal in the west to Ethiopia and Eritrea in the east and southward to Angola and the Eastern Cape (South Africa). It is feared to be extinct in Burundi.
Oribi | Distribution and habitat
It is currently evaluated as near-threatened by the IUCN. Its most recent assessment in 2016 was a down-listing from its 2008 assessment as vulnerable. It meets the criteria for near-threatened because its habitat quality and extent is decreasing rapidly, which may negatively affect its population. While there was a suspected population decline from 2001–2015, it is suspected that it was less than 30%.
Platyrrhinus ismaeli | Conservation
It is not in danger of extinction. It has declined somewhat in the Drakensberg foothills due to habitat loss caused by agriculture, timber plantations and expanding rural settlements. It may be locally extinct in Lesotho. Nonetheless it is widespread and common in the Drakensberg Mountains of KwaZulu-Natal and adjacent areas in the Free State Province. It is rare in Zimbabwe.
Protea dracomontana | Conservation
About 26% of this species' habitat is irreversibly modified, and habitat loss continues. Most of this loss is due to urban expansion and agricultural development. Much of its habitat has also been destroyed on the lower slopes of mountains to plant forests for use as timber. The population is thus thought to be decreasing as of 2019. SANBI infers a population reduction of 23-28% based on the projected habitat loss over the past three generations. Nonetheless, most of its remaining habitat is in mountainous areas where the land is being developed at a significantly lower rate than in the lowlands, thus it is considered very difficult to give an estimation of how fast the population may reduce in the future.
Protea acaulos | Conservation
This species is currently listed on the IUCN red list of endangered species because of habitat loss due to human activity. It is estimated that fewer than 1,000 exist today in their natural habitat and only 4% of their natural habitat remains. Most of the loss of its original habitat is due to the clearing of the rainforests in Indonesia. Only 4% of its original habitat remains and the population has decreased by at least 50% in the last ten years. Of the two subspecies of "P. comata", the "frediricae" subspecies is among the rarest and most at risk for extinction, located in one of the most highly populated areas on the island and near an active volcano.
Javan surili | Conservation
The species "M. barbouri" is classified as Endangered (EN) on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species with the following criteria: B1ab(iii) (v3.1, 2001). A species is listed as such when the best available evidence indicates that the geographic range, in the form of extent of occurrence, is estimated to be less than 5,000 km² (1,930 mi²), estimates indicate the population is severely fragmented or known to exist at no more than five locations, and a continuing decline has been observed, inferred or projected in the area, extent and/or quality of habitat. It is therefore considered to be facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild.
Mixcoatlus barbouri | Conservation status
The species is classified as Near Threatened by the IUCN. It is under pressure from habitat loss through expansion of agriculture, timber and coal production, and settlements, as well as the spread of invasive plants like eucalypts.
Spinomantis bertini | Conservation
It is evaluated as near threatened by the IUCN. It meets the criteria for this designation because its population is likely in significant decline, but the decline is probably not greater than 30% over 10 years. There is also widespread habitat loss throughout its known range. The IUCN notes that the species is close to qualifying for vulnerable status. Specific threats to this species include deforestation for timber harvest and conversion to farmland.
Dark-brown serotine | Conservation
The possible reasons for the decline include disease and parasites (e.g., chytridiomycosis), abnormal climatic conditions, and habitat destruction and degradation caused by agricultural development and human settlement. Traditionally, species in the genus "Telmatobius" have also been collected for food. Parts of the historic range fall within national parks, notably El Cajas National Park.
Telmatobius niger | Habitat and conservation
The conservation status for this species was updated to critically endangered in 2008 due to a rapid decrease in population over the preceding decade. The 2012 population was estimated under 5,000 individuals and in 2016 fewer than 1,000.
ʻAkekeʻe | Threats
As of 2016, it is evaluated as a data deficient species by the IUCN. It meets the criteria for this designation because basic details of its biology and ecology are yet unknown. The extent of its geographic range is also poorly understood, as are any threats that it may be facing. It is possibly impacted by the deforestation of the Tumbes-Chocó-Magdalena region, though.
Sturnira koopmanhilli | Conservation
Currently, this species is not listed on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species nor in any of the CITES Appendices. In 2004, a proposal was submitted by Kenya to have it listed in CITES Appendix II on the grounds that the species has a very limited geographic range and suffers from rapid habitat loss. It is also threatened by illegal trade due to demand from reptile collectors in Europe and North America. Apparently this proposal was not accepted. The Commission of European Communities considered the arguments weak, saying that they did not demonstrate significant trade, and that the species is already protected in Kenya.
Atheris desaixi | Conservation status
The Arabian oryx was known to be in decline since the early 1900s in the Arabian Peninsula. By the 1930 there were two separate populations isolated from each other. In 1960, Lee Talbot reported that Arabian oryx appeared to be extinct in its former range along the southern edge of Ar-Rub' al-Khali. He believed that any oryx still existing would be exterminated within the next few years and recommended that a captive breeding program be started to save the species.Talbot, Lee: "A Look at Threatened Species". Fauna and Flora Preservation Society, 1960. Michael Crouch, then Assistant Adviser in the Eastern Aden Protectorate, drew attention to the fact that each spring, small groups of oryx still emerged onto the gravel plains in the northeast corner of the Protectorate, where he thought a capture attempt would be possible.
Arabian oryx reintroduction | Decline of a species
The World Conservation Union (IUCN) has noted the following as threats to the species: a period of hunting by humans during the Great Leap Forward, entanglement in fishing gear, the illegal practice of electric fishing, collisions with boats and ships, habitat loss, and pollution. Further studies have noted that a lack of information on the baiji's historical distribution or ecology, the environmental impact of the construction of the Three Gorges Dam on the living space of the baiji, and the failure to act for the protection of the baiji are also threats to the species. During the Great Leap Forward, when traditional veneration of the baiji was denounced, it was hunted for its flesh and skin, and quickly became scarce.
Baiji | Causes of decline
The subspecies "enastri" of the Gove Peninsula is classified as "endangered". Males have been collected from glades in rainforest and females from adjacent paperbark swampland. It is threatened by habitat destruction and degradation by water buffalo and feral pigs, and by invasion of its environment by the yellow crazy ant ("Anoplolepis gracilipes").
Euploea alcathoe | Conservation
Another threat is potential introduction of fish to Lake Oku. Although a large portion of the species' small range (14 km²) is within Kilum-Ijim Plantlife Sanctuary, livestock grazing and agricultural expansion occurs within the area.
Phrynobatrachus njiomock | Habitat and conservation
Several factors contribute to the projected decline of the species, including predation, habitat destruction, and hunting. The kipunji has only two known predators: crowned eagles ("Stephanoaetus coronatus") and leopards ("Panthera pardus"). The biggest threats to the species come from human activities. Logging for timber and charcoal production are the most prominent threats, but locals are also known to hunt the kipunji due to its crop-destroying habits or simply as a food source. Continued habitat loss is anticipated to cause a loss of the Bujingijila Corridor that links two populations in the Mount Rungwe and Livingstone forests. The species was included in the list of "The World's 25 Most Endangered Primates" in 2006 and 2008.
Kipunji | Conservation
The IUCN lists this species as Vulnerable. Continuous destruction of primary and secondary forests, conversion of fertile lands to agricultural and residential areas, as well as indiscriminate human killings can threaten the survival of this animal.
Dryophiops philippina | Conservation status
This species is classified as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List with the following criteria: B1ab(v) (v3.1, 2001). This means that the best available evidence indicates it is considered to be facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild because its geographic range is estimated to be less than 100 km, it exists at only a single location, and a continuing decline has been observed, inferred, or projected in the number of mature individuals. It was assessed in 2007. It is threatened due to collecting and the introduction of alien predator species, such as feral cats.
Crotalus catalinensis | Conservation status
This species is classified as Vulnerable (VU) on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species with the following criteria: B1ab(iii,v) (v3.1, 2001). A species is listed as such when the best available evidence indicates that the extent of occurrence is estimated to be less than 20,000 km², the population to be severely fragmented or known to exist at no more than 10 locations, and that a continuing decline has been observed, inferred or projected in the area, extent and/or quality of habitat and in the number of mature individuals. It is therefore considered to be facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
Bothriechis aurifer | Conservation status
This species is classified as critically endangered (CR) on the IUCN Red List for the following criteria: CR B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii) (v3.1 (2001). This means that the "geographic range" is estimated to be less than 100 km², that this area is severely fragmented or known to exist at only a single location, and that a continuing decline has been observed, inferred or projected for the area, extent and/or quality of the habitat. Furthermore, the "area of occupancy" is estimated to be less than 10 km². The population trend is stable. Year assessed: 2004.
Bothrops insularis | Conservation status
This species is only found in the northern mountains of Ethiopia. Once widespread in the Semien Mountains, the numbers dropped during the 20th century. Only 200–250 animals were surviving in 1994–1996, but recently the population has somewhat increased to about 500 individuals in 2004. Habitat loss and hunting are major threats to the species. The encroaching settlement, livestock grazing, and cultivation are also big problems. Road construction is also fragmenting their habitat. The most important stronghold for their survival is now the sized Semien National Park which was established in 1969. The Walia ibex is considered to be vulnerable by the IUCN and needs further conservation measures to survive.
Walia ibex | Threats
In 2015, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) assessed "Telmatobius dankoi" as being critically endangered. Its range is very small, and the habitat is affected by water pollution from mining activities. Additional threats are abstraction of surface water for human consumption and agriculture, as well as recreational activities. In 2019, a team of conservationists and indigenous leaders visited the type locality of the species and found that it had been devastated by water extraction by mining, agriculture, and real estate development, with the creeks completely dry and the vegetation parched. The lack of dead frogs indicated that the change had happened a long time prior to their arrival.
Telmatobius dankoi | Conservation
This species has a wide range and a large population, but it has experienced population reduction of more than 30% over the last 90–100 years due to exploitation of the plant for medicinal purposes and the loss of habitat due to deforestation by logging and agricultural expansion. The reduction is likely to continue, so this species is listed as Vulnerable based on the past declines.
Cephalotaxus oliveri | Status
This antelope is highly sporadic in distribution, ranging from Senegal in the west to Ethiopia and Eritrea in the east and southward to Angola and the Eastern Cape (South Africa). The oribi has been classified as Least Concern by the IUCN; numbers have declined due to agricultural expansion and competition from livestock.
Oribi | Introduction
The population is estimated at between and individuals, the majority of which live in swamps in South Sudan, Uganda, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Zambia. There is also a viable population in the Malagarasi wetlands in Tanzania. BirdLife International has classified it as Vulnerable with the main threats being habitat destruction, disturbance and hunting. The bird is listed under Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).
Shoebill | Status and conservation
This common species has a large range, with an estimated extent of 50,000-100,000 km². The population size is believed to be large, and the species is not believed to approach the thresholds for the population decline criterion of the IUCN Red List (i.e. declining more than 30% in ten years or three generations). For these reasons, the species is evaluated as least concern.
Drakensberg prinia | Conservation status
The known sites are all forest reserves (Kwamgumi, Segoma and Mtai Forest Reserves), but they are not well protected. Because of the very small range and threats to the habitat, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) assessed this species as "Critically Endangered" in 2016.
Mertensophryne usambarae | Habitat and conservation
In 1996 "Achalinus werneri" was classified as Near Threatened on the IUCN. This is because its range is estimated to be less than 20,000 km² (7,722 sq mi), or its area of occupancy is estimated to be less than 2,000 km² (772 sq mi), and estimates indicate its range is severely fragmented, or known to exist at no more than ten locations, and that a continuing decline has been inferred, observed or projected in the area, extent and/or quality of its habitat.
Achalinus werneri | Conservation status
Habitat loss (small-scale agriculture) and human disturbance (local tourism) are the primary threats to this species. It is considered endangered by the IUCN. The body is orangish with a pale color on the ventral surface. Side brown patches can be seen on occasion. Its skin is dry and has warts, and there are three pale stripes between the eyes.
Duttaphrynus kotagamai | Introduction
Since then, Ansow Gunsalam has established a nursery close to the Mesilau Lodge at the base of Kinabalu Park to protect the endangered species of that area, including "N. burbidgeae". The conservation status of "N. burbidgeae" is listed as Endangered on the 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species based on an assessment carried out in 2000. This does not agree with an informal assessment made by Charles Clarke in 1997, who classified the species as Vulnerable based on the IUCN criteria. However, Clarke noted that since all known populations of "N. burbidgeae" lie within the boundaries of Kinabalu National Park and are inaccessible to collectors, they "are unlikely to become threatened in the foreseeable future".
Nepenthes burbidgeae | Threats and conservation status
Due to the wide range and abundance of "A. barackobamai", the species is not considered to be a threatened species overall, though some isolated populations (such as those local to the Sutter Buttes) may be vulnerable.
Aptostichus barackobamai | Conservation status
It is threatened by habitat loss caused by agricultural encroachment, extraction of wood, and human settlement.
Craugastor xucanebi | Threats
The Madagascan population has been markedly declining mainly through unsustainable harvesting of eggs, nest site disturbance and wetland habitat degradation. Human interference and habitat loss also pose threats to the "abbotti" race. Because nesting individuals are apparently fearless of humans, this species is an easy target for hunters. Habitat loss and degradation pose another serious threat to the population. Important areas of this species’ habitat are threatened with pollution, sedimentation and encroachment of alluvial sands. Such sedimentation is caused by soil erosion from slash and burn cultivation (Birdlife International, 2013). Its mangrove habitat is also threatened with destruction for charcoal production.
Malagasy sacred ibis | Threats and survival
The species "B. rowleyi" is classified as Vulnerable (VU) on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species with the following criteria: B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii) (v3.1, 2001). A species is listed as such when the best available evidence indicates that the extent of occurrence is estimated to be less than , that estimates indicate the population to be severely fragmented or known to exist at no more than 10 locations, and that a continuing decline has been observed, inferred or projected, in the area, extent and/or quality of habitat. In addition, the area of occupancy is estimated to be less than . It is therefore considered to be facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
Bothriechis rowleyi | Conservation status
"R. orlovi" is threatened by habitat loss.
Rhacophorus orlovi | Conservation status
"D. ursinus" has a very limited range and is declining in numbers; the population is thought to have diminished by at least 30% within the last three generations (thirty years). The two main threats it faces are habitat destruction as forests are cleared to provide farming land, and hunting by indigenous peoples for food. Historically, it used to be present in lowland forests, but now it only occurs in mountain forests. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being "vulnerable".
Ursine tree-kangaroo | Status
These species have all experienced rapid population declines due to land conversion for agriculture and industry causing habitat loss and environmental pollution that some species exhibit sensitivities to. Painted Stork ("Mycteria leucocephala"), is classified as Near Threatened, have been recorded at the site in the past (Parr 1994), however it is now on the verge of extinction in Thailand. Similarly, Black-headed Ibis ("T. melanocephalus") populations are also in decline due to habitat destruction, degradation and fragmentation, currently listed by the IUCN as Near Threatened, however large populations continue to breed in the wetlands between April to July, with over 20,000 individuals recorded in May 2002.
Thale Noi Non-Hunting Area | Birds
Historically much of its habitat in the mountains around Barberton was destroyed and fragmented in order to plant forests for timber exploitation, and at present, some 26% of the habitat has been irreversibly modified, mainly in this region. However, loss of range to afforestation is no longer occurring. According to the IUCN in 1998, the main threats to the survival of "P. comptonii" were the harvesting of the bark for herbalism and unsustainable browsing by native herbivores (game). As of 2019 game remains an important problem in Ithala. Although "P. comptonii" is not directly affected, in Songimvelo overgrazing by livestock is causing the grasslands to degrade and encouraging the spread of invasive plants.
Protea comptonii | Threats
Droughts and habitat degradation are the major threats across the range. In Somalia, conservation measures have been hindered by lack of political stability due to conflicts over two to three decades in the latter half of the 20th century. During this period its habitat was adversely affected by over-exploitation of wildlife, prevalence of weapons and deforestation. In Ethiopia hunting is the most severe threat to the dibatag; locals have claimed that dibatag meat is preferred due to its excellent taste. However its brown pelage and alertness and timidity make hunting for it in dense bushes considerably difficult compared to other antelopes.
Dibatag | Threats and conservation
The population of this species may be dense within its restricted geographic range. It is vulnerable to habitat degradation, by slash-and-burn cultivation of maize, burning for charcoal, commercial timber and for construction. which is happening in most of its range apart from to the north of Manombo. The birds are also taken by dogs, by hunting, and introduced rats ("Rattus" sp) may also be a problem. In 2002 there was an estimated population 115,000 and it is estimated that numbers are falling. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has classified the conservation status of this bird as ″vulnerable″.
Subdesert mesite | Status
It is threatened by habitat loss due to subsistence agriculture, timber extraction, charcoal manufacture, spread of invasive eucalyptus trees, livestock grazing, and expanding human settlements.
Platypelis tsaratananaensis | Conservation
The species was declared critically endangered by the IUCN since its population underwent a 90% population decline over twenty years. The Djibouti spurfowl preferred dense African juniper woodland with a closed canopy, and mostly on a plateau when this species of tree was in abundance. It has now adopted to live in the boxwood ("Buxus sempervirens") and woody shrub ("Clutia abyssinia"). The bird remains hidden in the dense undergrowth of boxwood and clutia during the day. It roosts on these trees which grow to height. They search for food in the evenings and mostly feed on figs, small fruits and also termites and insects.
Wildlife of Djibouti | Birds
The total population of "S. oenpelliensis" is poorly surveyed, and no study has been made of the rate of its decline. This is partly due to the inaccessibility of the region, a factor that may help the preservation of the species. The conservation status of "Simalia oenpelliensis" is listed by the Northern Territory Government as vulnerable to extinction. This has been evaluated by known threatening factors, such as altered land use and fire regimes, and population inferred from the relative abundance of its prey. This is estimated to be below 10,000, which is inferred from several factors. As a large predator, the species is particularly vulnerable to declines in available prey.
Oenpelli python | Conservation status
There is currently no evidence of distribution or abundance decline, however they are preyed upon by a wide range of species. Indigenous predators include lizards, birds and tuataras. Remains of "D. fallai" have been found in the Harrier ("Circus approximans"), which is diurnal, indicating that "D. fallai" are accessible during the day and the harrier hawk is a main daytime predator. Although these predators do not seem to threaten the populations, special care must be taken to ensure any future introduction of insectivorous animals do not negatively impact the viability of "D. fallai" populations.
Deinacrida fallai | Threats
Coatis face unregulated hunting and the serious threat of environmental destruction in Central and South America. The absence of scientifically sound population studies of "Nasua" or "Nasuella" in the wild is probably leading to a severe underestimation of the ecological problems and decline in numbers affecting the species.
Coati | Status
"P. ayeaye" is currently under threat due to habitat loss. Human-related threats include mining for materials in Brazil, fires that ravage the landscape, and pollution from industries and military operations. The pollutants in the water causes a decline in the population. Ecotourism and urbanization also affect the breeding areas of this species. Non-human threats include climate change and erosion, which causes streams to be filled with sediment.
Pithecopus ayeaye | Threats
Their past extinction was due to tigers—precisely, the Balinese tiger—and humans hunting them for their antlers and pelts. Their main predators now are humans, leopards, dholes (the Asiatic wild dog), pythons, and crocodiles. Another cause for population decline is human related habitat loss. The land on which the deer live is cleared for agriculture and buildings.
Bawean deer | Conservation threats
This common species has a large range, with an estimated extent of 670,000 km². The population size is believed to be large, and the species is not believed to approach the thresholds for the population decline criterion of the IUCN Red List (i.e. declining more than 30% in ten years or three generations). For these reasons, the species is evaluated as Least Concern.
Karoo prinia | Conservation status
This species has the "Nationally Critical" conservation status under the New Zealand Threat Classification System.
Orocrambus ornatus | Conservation Status
The type series from was collected from a flood plain. Presumably the habitat of this species is floodplain grassland and the tadpoles are aquatic. Threats to "Sclerophrys reesi" are poorly known, but agricultural encroachment, overgrazing by livestock, and expanding human settlements are potential threats. It is present in the poorly protected Kilombero Game Controlled Area.
Sclerophrys reesi | Habitat and conservation
It seems likely that this subpopulation has become extinct, but further visits are required to substantiate this; just because this area seems to be extinct does not mean the entire species is extinct. The cause for this disappearance is as yet unknown, but change in water quality is suspected as a possible reason. This is most likely due to urbanization. The main threat is habitat loss due to urban and recreational development, afforestation, invasive vegetation, agricultural expansion and chemical pollution. These threats are likely to act locally on breeding sites. Droughts may cause additional stresses for this species.
Knysna banana frog | Population
No reduction in numbers nor any obvious threat have been reported and the species is often seen within bigger cities like Addis Ababa, not much disturbed by human activity. Therefore, it is not considered to be of conservation concern, since the population is rather large.
Wattled ibis | Threats
The current populations of "K. pfeilii" are thought to be in deterioration, with possible causes advanced being over-harvesting, climate change or the land practices used in "K. pfeilii" habitats.
Kalaharituber | Conservation
There is no data on population size, but it is unlikely to be smaller than 10,000. The species is assessed as least concern due to its large extent of occurrence and the fact that its population is unlikely to be declining at the rate required to be listed as a threatened species. Possible threats to the species include habitat loss and decrease in forest cover due to agriculture. Some of the records of this species are from protected areas.
Hipposideros rotalis | Conservation
Researchers have worried for years that declines have been greater than assumed. In January 2020, researchers from the University of New South Wales presented evidence that the platypus is at risk of extinction, due to a combination of extraction of water resources, land clearing, climate change and severe drought. The study predicted that, considering current threats, the animals' abundance would decline by 47%–66% and metapopulation occupancy by 22%–32% over 50 years, causing "extinction of local populations across about 40% of the range". Under projections of climate change projections to 2070, reduced habitat due to drought would lead to 51–73% reduced abundance and 36–56% reduced metapopulation occupancy within 50 years respectively.
Platypus | Status and threats
Total population size is not known, but it is estimated that there may be fewer than 2,500 mature individuals. It is threatened by habitat loss through deforestation, overcollection through an unregulated exploitation for the pet trade, and it is even hunted by humans as a food item.
Ctenosaura quinquecarinata | Threats
edwardsiana". The conservation status of "N. edwardsiana" is listed as Vulnerable on the 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The species has also been classified as Vulnerable by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre. However, Charles Clarke notes that since all known populations of "N. edwardsiana" lie within the boundaries of Kinabalu National Park and are inaccessible to collectors, they "are unlikely to become threatened in the foreseeable future". Taking this into account, Clarke suggests a revised assessment of Conservation Dependent based on the IUCN criteria.
Nepenthes edwardsiana | Threats and conservation status
The population is probably declining because of habitat loss caused by logging and land conversion. The IUCN Red List has assessed it as a near-threatened species.
Green iora | Status
It is currently evaluated as endangered by the IUCN. It meets the criteria to be listed as endangered because its extent of occurrence is less than , its range is severely fragmented, and its habitat is projected to decline in extend and quality. It is believed that its population size is declining. Some of the main threats facing this species are habitat destruction and forest fragmentation.
Frosted myotis | Conservation
This species was classified as extinct in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in 1994. It disappeared apparently in the 17th century following the introduction of predatory species to Mauritius.
Madatyphlops cariei | Extinction
Its natural habitats are undisturbed montane forests. It is only known from two sites, one near the Mazumbai Forest Reserve at above sea level, and the other one in the Shume-Magambo Forest Reserve at asl. The only known breeding site is a small forest swamp that is bordering a small stream in Mazumbai (suitable swamp also exists in Shume-Magambo). This species is believed to be decreasing because of habitat loss, caused by agricultural expansion, logging and expanding human settlements. While it occurs in or near protected areas, additional habitat protection would be needed. Because the species is only known from two sites in one location suffering from habitat loss, it has been assessed as "Critically Endangered" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
Hyperolius tanneri | Habitat and conservation