Trade winds blow from east to west across the Hawaiian islands, and the presence of Mauna Loa strongly affects the local climate. At low elevations, the eastern (windward) side of the volcano receives heavy rain; the city of Hilo is the wettest in the United States. The rainfall supports extensive forestation. The western (leeward) side has a much drier climate. At higher elevations, the amount of precipitation decreases, and skies are very often clear. Very low temperatures mean that precipitation often occurs in the form of snow, and the summit of Mauna Loa is described as a "periglacial" region, where freezing and thawing play a significant role in shaping the landscape.
Climate
Mauna Loa
Mauna Loa | Climate
It has a tropical climate with warm temperatures at lower elevations and cool to cold temperatures higher up year-round. Mauna Loa has a tropical climate with warm temperatures at lower elevations and cool to cold temperatures higher up year-round. It has a tropical climate with warm temperatures at lower elevations and cool to cold temperatures higher up year-round. Trade winds blow from east to west across the Hawaiian islands, and the presence of Mauna Loa strongly affects the local climate. At low elevations, the eastern (windward) side of the volcano receives heavy rain; the city of Hilo is the wettest in the United States.
when was the last time mauna loa volcano erupted
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March 24 to April 15, 1984.
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what is the main entity?
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It is one of five volcanoes that form the Island of Hawaii in the U.S. state of Hawaiʻi in the Pacific Ocean.
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what is its weather like?
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Trade winds blow from east to west across the Hawaiian islands, and the presence of Mauna Loa strongly affects the local climate. At low elevations, the eastern (windward) side of the volcano receives heavy rain; the city of Hilo is the wettest in the United States. The rainfall supports extensive forestation. The western (leeward) side has a much drier climate. At higher elevations, the amount of precipitation decreases, and skies are very often clear. Very low temperatures mean that precipitation often occurs in the form of snow, and the summit of Mauna Loa is described as a "periglacial" region, where freezing and thawing play a significant role in shaping the landscape.
Mauna Loa | Climate
Mauna Loa has a tropical climate with warm temperatures at lower elevations and cool to cold temperatures higher up year-round. Below is the table for the slope observatory, which is at in the alpine zone. The highest recorded temperature was and the lowest was on February 18, 2003 and February 20, 1962, respectively.
Mauna Loa | Climate
Hawaii's climate is typical for the tropics, although temperatures and humidity tend to be less extreme because of near-constant trade winds from the east. Summer highs usually reach around during the day, with the temperature reaching a low of at night. Winter day temperatures are usually around ; at low elevation they seldom dip below at night. Snow, not usually associated with the tropics, falls at on Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa on Hawaii Island in some winter months. Snow rarely falls on Haleakalā. Mount Waialeale on Kauai has the second-highest average annual rainfall on Earth, about per year. Most of Hawaii experiences only two seasons; the dry season runs from May to October and the wet season is from October to April.
Hawaii | Climate
Snow, although not usually associated with tropics, falls at higher elevations on the Big Island, on Mauna Loa as well as Mauna Kea, which reaches an altitude of in some winter months. Snow only rarely falls on Maui's Haleakala. Mount Waiʻaleʻale ("Waialeale"), on the island of Kauai, is notable for its extreme rainfall, as it has the second highest average annual rainfall on Earth, with . Storm systems affect the state with heavy rains between October and March. Showers are common across the island chain, but thunderstorms are relatively rare. Local climates vary considerably on each island due to their topography, divisible into windward ("Koolau") and leeward ("Kona") regions based upon location relative to the higher mountains.
United States rainfall climatology | Hawaii
Temperatures at sea level generally range from highs of during the summer months to during the winter months. Rarely does the temperature rise above or drop below at lower elevations. Temperatures are lower at higher altitudes. During the winter, snowfall is common at the summits of Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa on Hawaii Island. On Maui, the summit of Haleakalā occasionally experiences snowfall, but snow had never been observed below before February 2019, when snow was observed at and fell at higher elevations in amounts large enough to force Haleakalā National Park to close for several days. The record low temperature in Honolulu is on January 20, 1969.
Climate of Hawaii | Temperature
Annual mean rainfall ranges from on the summit of Mauna Kea to in Big Bog. Windward slopes have greater rainfall than leeward lowlands and tall mountains.
Climate of Hawaii | Precipitation
Mauna Kea has an alpine climate. Due to the influence of its tropical latitude, temperature swings are very low in spite of its high elevation. Frosts are common year round, but the average monthly temperature remains above freezing throughout the year. Snow may fall at an altitude of and above in any month, but occurs most often from October to April. A weather station was operated from 1972 to 1982; however, only 33 months within this period have temperature records; many months have data for only two years. The temperatures presented below are smoothed averages, not the raw numbers recorded by NOAA.
Mauna Kea | Climate
The climate of Oceania's islands is tropical or subtropical, and range from humid to seasonally dry. Wetter parts of the islands are covered by tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, while the drier parts of the islands, including the leeward sides of the islands and many of the low coral islands, are covered by tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests and Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands. Hawaii's high volcanoes, Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa, are home to some rare tropical montane grasslands and shrublands.
Oceanian realm | Climate
The city is located above sea level, at the boundary between the Serra do Mar and the plateau. As a result, the city's climate is considered subtropical, with average temperature during the year at around , rarely exceeding in summer. In winter the average is .
Mauá | Climate
Mauna Loa is a typical shield volcano in form, taking the shape of a long, broad dome extending down to the ocean floor whose slopes are about 12° at their steepest, a consequence of its extremely fluid lava. The shield-stage lavas that built the enormous main mass of the mountain are tholeiitic basalts, like those of Mauna Kea, created through the mixing of primary magma and subducted oceanic crust. Mauna Loa's summit hosts three overlapping pit craters arranged northeast-southwest, the first and last roughly in diameter and the second an oblong feature; together these three craters make up the summit caldera Mokuʻāweoweo, so named for the Hawaiian ʻāweoweo fish ("Priacanthus meeki"), purportedly due to the resemblance of its eruptive fires to the coloration of the fish.
Mauna Loa | Structure
There is little rainfall, and what does fall is quickly transported away from the surface by the volcanic soil. The area is washed by the tradewinds, and temperatures vary between a 17 °C average in January and 23 °C in August. In addition the area has a very high rate of days of sunshine, upwards of 2,500 hours per year. The relative humidity hovers around 70%.
Malpaís de Güímar | Climate
They are also called "lehua winds" after the "ōhia lehua" ("Metrosideros polymorpha"), whose red blossoms fill the air when these strong winds blow. They issue from canyons at the base of the western Maui mountains, where steeper canyon slopes meet the more gentle piedmont slope below. These winds only occur every 8 to 12 years. They are extremely violent, with wind speeds of or more.
Climate of Hawaii | Winds
These towering clouds form along the mountains where the incoming trade wind air converges as it moves up a valley and is forced up and over the mountains to heights of several thousand feet. On days without an inversion, the sky is almost cloudless (completely cloudless skies are extremely rare). In leeward areas well screened from the trade winds (such as the west coast of Maui), skies are clear 30 to 60 percent of the time. Windward areas tend to be cloudier during the summer, when the trade winds and associated clouds are more prevalent, while leeward areas, which are less affected by cloudy conditions associated with trade wind cloudiness, tend to be cloudier during the winter, when storm fronts pass through more frequently.
Climate of Hawaii | Cloud formation
Tropical savanna climates have monthly mean temperature above 18 °C (64 °F) in every month of the year and typically a pronounced dry season, with the driest month having precipitation less than 60mm (2.36 in) of precipitation.
Kalaeloa, Hawaii | Climate
On Maui, the cloudiest zones are at and just below the summits of the mountains, and at elevations of on the windward sides of Haleakala. In these locations the sky is cloudy more than 70 percent of the time. The usual clarity of the air in the high mountains is associated with the low moisture content of the air.
Climate of Hawaii | Cloud formation
The climate of the Hawaiian Islands is characterized by a two-season year, tropical and uniform temperatures everywhere (except at high elevations), marked geographic differences in rainfall, high relative humidity, extensive cloud formations (except on the driest coasts and at high elevations), and dominant trade-wind flow (especially at elevations below a few thousand feet). Maui itself has a wide range of climatic conditions and weather patterns that are influenced by several different factors in the physical environment: Maui displays a unique and diverse set of climatic conditions, each of which is specific to a loosely defined sub-region of the island. These sub-regions are defined by major physiographic features (such as mountains and valleys) and by location on the windward or leeward side of the island.
Maui | Climate
During the summer months the average temperature is about 84 °F (29 °C), in the winter months it is approximately 78,8 °F (26°C). As the temperature is relatively constant over the year the probability of dangerous thunderstorms is approximately low.
Hawaiian Islands | Climate
Laguna del Maule lies at the interface between a semi-arid, temperate climate and a colder montane climate. Average yearly temperatures from 2007 to 2013 ranged from . Precipitation related to cold fronts falls during autumn and winter, although occasional summer storms also contribute to rainfall. Laguna del Maule is subject to the rain shadow effect of mountains farther west, which is why the numerous summits more than high around the lake are not glaciated. Most of the lake water comes from snowmelt; for much of the year the landscape around the lake is covered with snow. The area of Laguna del Maule was glaciated during the last ice age, with a glacial maximum occurring between and years ago.
Laguna del Maule (volcano) | Climate and vegetation
The park includes of land. Over half of the park () was designated the Hawaii Volcanoes Wilderness area in 1978, providing solitude for hiking and camping. Wilderness designation covers the northwestern extension of the National Park, including Mokuaweoweo, the summit of the volcano Mauna Loa. In the southwestern portion of the park, a large chunk of wilderness includes several miles of coastline and a small portion southeast of the visitors center. The park encompasses diverse environments from sea level to the summit of the Earth's most massive active volcano, Mauna Loa, at . Climates range from lush tropical rain forests, to the arid and barren Kaū Desert.
Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park | Environment
Kauai's climate is tropical, with generally humid and stable conditions year-round, although weather phenomena and infrequent storms have caused instances of extreme weather. At the lower elevations, the annual precipitation varies from an average of about on the windward (northeastern) shore to less than on the (southwestern) leeward side of the island. The average temperature in Lihu'e, the county seat, ranges from in February to in August and September. Kauai's mountainous regions offer cooler temperatures and provide a pleasant contrast to the warm coastal areas. At the Kōkeʻe state park, ASL, day temperatures vary from an average of in January to in July.
Kauai | Climate
The climate is tropical, typical of medium elevations, with the dry period of the year occurring between July and October and the wet period occurring between November and March. The average elevation is above sea level.
Paraúna | Climate
The climate is hot for most of the year, turning to between cool and cold between November and February.
Tamuín | Climate
"See also: Climate of Hawaii" Hawaii has 11 different climate zones, influenced by altitude and topographical effect on wind and rainfall. These include tropical at sea level, arid, semi-arid, temperate, and alpine at the highest elevations. Snow sometimes occurs in high mountain areas.
Climate of the United States | Hawaii
The hardiness zone is 11a.
Volcano, Hawaii | Geography and climate
Temperatures of and above are uncommon (with the exception of dry, leeward areas). In the leeward areas, temperatures may reach into the low 90s several days during the year, but temperatures higher than these are unusual. The highest temperature ever recorded on the islands was on April 27, 1931 in Pahala. The surface waters of the open ocean around Hawaii range from between late February and early April, to a maximum of in late September or early October. In the United States, only Florida has warmer surf temperatures. The Pacific High, and with it the trade-wind zone, moves north and south with changing angle of the sun, so that it reaches its northernmost position in the summer.
Climate of Hawaii | Temperature
Moaña has a mild oceanic climate. Temperatures are not extreme, having an annual average of 15 °C. Precipitation ranges between 1300 and 1500 mm per year.
Moaña | Climate
The climate of the region is classified as tropical of altitude, having light summers and cold and dry winters. In the winter, from June to August, temperature can go from -2 °C to 13 °C (28 °F - 55 °F). The summer presents rain frequently, mainly evening rains, with temperatures varying from 8 °C to 27 °C (46 °F - 80 °F).
Visconde de Mauá, Resende | Weather
Annual rainfall ranges from along the coast, to along the mauka (upland) boundary. There is distinct seasonal variability in rainfall, with much of the precipitation from winter storms. The highest point in the reserve is Kalua O Lapa at . The deepest water is . Solar radiation here is among the highest in the State. The dark color of the lava absorbs solar radiation creating warmer conditions within the reserve than in surrounding areas (500 calories/m2/day).
ʻĀhihi-Kīnaʻu Natural Area Reserve | Climate
Mamou has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen climate classification "Aw").
Mamou | Climate
Cà Mau has a tropical monsoon climate with a lengthy wet season and a relatively brief dry season. The wet season lasts from April–December with the highest rainfall in August with 366 millimeters. The dry season lasts from January–March, the driest month being February with an average of 12 millimeters. Temperatures are high year round, but rise noticeably before the arrival of the monsoons in April.
Cà Mau | Climate
Island wind patterns are very complex. Though the trade winds are fairly constant, their relatively uniform air flow is distorted and disrupted by mountains, hills, and valleys. Usually winds blow upslope by day and downslope by night. Local conditions that produce occasional violent winds are not well understood. These are very localized, sometimes reaching speeds of and are best known in the settled areas of Kula and Lahaina on Maui. The Kula winds are strong downslope winds on the lower slopes of the west side of Haleakala. These winds tend to be strongest from above mean sea level. The Lahaina winds are also downslope winds, but are somewhat different.
Climate of Hawaii | Winds
The climate is humid subtropical with a tendency to low temperatures, the annual average is 15 °C, with a maximum of 40 °C and a minimum of -3 °C. Rainfall is abundant, with an annual average of nearly 1,700 mm, recorded throughout most of the year except in July and August.
Itapúa Department | Climate
The climate, moderated by a warm Pacific current from Japan, is generally mild with no extremes in temperature, oceanic ("Cfb"). Annual temperature varies only 20 degrees Celsius but is variable and unpredictable - even within a 24-hour period. Average rainfall is with snowfall of and there is generally a breeze, most often out of the southeast when it is raining, and the northwest when it is sunny. Summer temperatures are in the range and the days are long - May, June, July boasting 18 hours of daylight. August and May general have the most sun but there is a fair degree of rain throughout the summer months.
Masset | Climate
The climate of the Hawaiian Islands is tropical but it experiences many different climates, depending on altitude and weather. The islands receive most rainfall from the trade winds on their north and east flanks (the windward side) as a result of orographic precipitation. Coastal areas in general and especially the south and west flanks or leeward sides, tend to be drier. In general, the lowlands of Hawaiian Islands receive most of their precipitation during the winter months (October to April). Drier conditions generally prevail from May to September. The tropical storms, and occasional hurricanes, tend to occur from July through November.
Hawaiian Islands | Climate
The warmest months of the year are January and February, with an average high temperature of 22°C. The coldest month of the year occurs in July, when the average high temperature is 10°C. Monthly rainfall ranges between an average of 35mm in January to 62mm in July.
Hororata | Climate
Hawaii differs from many tropical locations with pronounced wet and dry seasons, in that the wet season coincides with the winter months (rather than the summer months more typical of other places in the tropics). For instance, Honolulu's Köppen climate classification is the rare "As" wet-winter subcategory of the Tropical wet and dry climate type. Major storms occur most frequently in October through March. There may be as many as six or seven major storm events in a year. Such storms bring heavy rains and can be accompanied by strong local winds. The storms may be associated with the passage of a cold front, the leading edge of a mass of relatively cool air that is moving from west to east or from northwest to southeast.
Climate of Hawaii | Precipitation
The climate is dry and mild and it has an average annual temperature of 18 C.
Atuntaqui | Climate
The Hawaiian Islands receive most of their precipitation from October to April. Drier conditions generally prevail from May to September. Due to cooler waters around Hawaii, the risk of tropical cyclones is low for Hawai'i.
Climate of Hawaii | Introduction
Layou has a seasonal tropical climate with a wet season lasting from May to November and a dry season lasting from January to May.
Layou | Climate
Whatì has a subarctic climate (Dfc) with mild to warm summers and long cold winters.
Whatì | Climate
Under trade wind conditions, there is very often a pronounced moisture discontinuity between . Below these heights, the air is moist; above, it is dry. The break (a large-scale feature of the Pacific High) is caused by a temperature inversion embedded in the moving trade wind air. The inversion tends to suppress the vertical movement of air and so restricts cloud development to the zone just below the inversion. The inversion is present 50 to 70 percent of the time; its height fluctuates from day to day, but it is usually between . On trade wind days when the inversion is well defined, the clouds develop below these heights with only an occasional cloud top breaking through the inversion.
Climate of Hawaii | Cloud formation
The climate in Huai'an is mild, and generally warm and temperate. Winters are much drier than in summer. The climate is classified as Cwa (humid subtropical climate with dry winters) by the Köppen climate classification.
Huai'an | Climate
The climate is oceanic tropical with high temperatures and humidity. The heaviest rainfall occurs between the months of November and April, and cyclones, which are relatively frequent, are most likely to occur during these same months. Two cyclones, Cyclone Ofa (1990) and Cyclone Valerie (1991) caused extensive damage on the north and west coast of Savaii.
Savaiʻi | Climate
Ma'an has a cold desert climate (Köppen climate classification "BWk"), with hot summers and mild to cold winters due to its high altitude (above 1000 meters). Rainfall is extremely rare with an average of 44 mm a year only.
Ma'an | Climate
The climate is a mild tropical climate with abundant rainfall, especially in the northern parts and areas of higher elevation. The terrain is characterized by gentle slopes with no defined waterways. Although rainfall is occasionally very heavy (one storm in 2003 brought 36 inches (90 cm) of rain in 24 hours), flooding is rare due to the slope and porosity of the volcanic rock. The vegetation ranges from rainforest to desert shrub and coastal strand. Large areas of native forest are present in the Wao Kele o Puna and Kahauala tracts.
Puna, Hawaii | Climate
In Hawaii, Mount Waiʻaleʻale ("Waialeale"), on the island of Kauai, is notable for its extreme rainfall. It has the highest average annual rainfall on Earth, with per year. Storm systems affect the region with heavy rains between October and March. Local climates vary considerably on each island due to their topography, divisible into windward ("Koolau") and leeward ("Kona") regions based upon location relative to the higher mountains. Windward sides face the east-to-northeast trade winds and receive much more rainfall; leeward sides are drier and sunnier, with less rain and less cloud cover. On the island of Oahu, clouds and often rain can usually be observed around the windward mountain peaks, while the southern parts of the island (including most of Honolulu and Waikiki) receive dramatically less rainfall throughout the year.
Precipitation types | Orographic
The American state of Hawaii, which covers the Hawaiian Islands, is tropical but it experiences many different climates, depending on altitude and surrounding. The island of Hawaii for example hosts 4 (out of 5 in total) climate groups on a surface as small as according to the Köppen climate types: tropical, arid, temperate and polar. When counting also the Köppen sub-categories the island of Hawaii hosts 10 (out of 14 in total) climate zones. The islands receive most rainfall from the trade winds on their north and east flanks (the windward side) as a result of orographic precipitation. Coastal areas are drier, especially the south and west side or leeward sides.
Climate of Hawaii | Introduction
The island has a tropical climate, with most rainfall occurring between November and April.
Niue | Climate
Climate considered dry desert with an estimated annual rainfall of 2.54 in and an average annual temperature of 75 °F. High levels of solar radiation and constant prevailing winds result in high evaporation rates. The San Lorenzo Archipelago Islands experience hot summers where temperatures during the hottest months of the year (July and August) reach between 95 °F to 104 °F. Winters are warm with an average low temperatures reaching 52 °F during the coldest months of the year (January and February). Winds affect the islands' weather, but they have a more significant effect on the sea conditions. Winds prevail from the northwest in the winter which brings nutrient rich waters from the Pacific Ocean into the Gulf of California, but during the summer the winds prevail from the south having the opposite effect on the currents.
San Lorenzo Marine Archipelago National Park | Climate
The climate is arid and hot during summers. Winters are rather mild with average rainfall but constant strong archipelagic winds prevail.
Fournoi Korseon | Climate
Tamahú has a tropical rainforest climate (Köppen: "Af").
Tamahú | Climate
Kaneohe has a relatively dry tropical rainforest climate.
Kaneohe, Hawaii | Climate
Kaū desert is not a true desert in that rainfall exceeds per year. However, rain combines with sulfur dioxide, released by volcanic vents, and forms acid rain. The pH level of the rain, as low as 3.4 during an eruption, inhibits plant growth. Furthermore, water evaporates quickly on the ground and the tephra soil is extremely permeable.
Kaʻū Desert | Climate
Because of its high altitude and close proximity to Mt Ruapehu, Waiouru's climate is cold throughout the year, unlike other North Island centres, and particularly cold when the wind blows from the mountain. The Desert Road is regularly closed in winter owing to heavy snowfalls. Waiouru's climate can be described as continental.
Waiouru | Climate
Giou de Mamou's climate is quite cold in winter (it snows almost every year), but it can be very hot during the summer times.
Giou-de-Mamou | Climate
There are many micro-climates created by the combined effects of elevation, rain shadow, and land contour. Much of the west slopes of East Maui are dry or semi-desert due to a rain shadow effect: the prevailing trade-winds are from the north-east and east and Kula is in the "shadow" of these winds. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Kula is the coolest place in Hawai'i, as defined by having the lowest average annual temperatures (average low temperature: 55.7 °F and average low temperature during coldest month, February: 52.6 °F). At the higher elevations and at night, especially in winter, temperatures dip into the 40s or high 30s (°F).
Kula, Hawaii | Climate
During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but, due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer. Because of maritime influence, snow tends to be wet and heavy, resulting in high avalanche danger.
Tomyhoi Peak | Climate
Douar El Ma has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification "BWh"), with very hot summers and mild winters, and very little precipitation throughout the year.
Douar El Ma | Climate
The variability of the alpine climate throughout the year depends on the latitude of the location. For tropical oceanic locations, such as the summit of Mauna Loa, elev. , the temperature is roughly constant throughout the year: For mid-latitude locations, such as Mount Washington in New Hampshire, the temperature varies seasonally, but never gets very warm:
Alpine climate | Monthly variability
Historical records suggest the Mauna Kea silversword was once dominant on Mauna Kea, adapting particularly well to wind-swept exposed alpine desert at altitudes of . In this region, humidity is virtually zero and precipitation is generally in the form of winter snow. Mean annual rainfall is less than per year, chiefly during the winter, with extreme drought during the summer. There is no shade from the hot tropical sun nor protection from nighttime temperatures which fall below freezing any time of year. The soil is thin, rocky, volcanic cinder. At the upper ranges of this habitat, no other plants grow.
Mauna Kea silversword | Original habitat
The climate is highland subtropical climate but always humid (Köppen: "Cfb"), with an average temperature of 21.6 °C, some lower areas can transit to a humid subtropical climate ("Cfa"), transition found in the Ivaí Valley.
Ivaí | Climate
During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but, due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer. Because of maritime influence, snow tends to be wet and heavy, resulting in high avalanche danger.
Mount Index | Climate
Moanemani has a subtropical highland climate (Cfb) with heavy rainfall year-round.
Moanemani | Climate
While temperatures are moderated by the ocean, storms are frequent. Geologically, the island is volcanic, being a part of a small crustal block on the Aleutian Arc that is being torn apart by oblique subduction. It is "one of the least stable tectonic environments in the United States."
Amchitka | Geography
The climate of the zone is temperate, with an average temperature of 14.4 °C (or 57.92 °F) and an average annual precipitation of 680 mm concentrated between the months of June and August.
Huerta del Maule | Climate
According to the Köppen climate classification system, Lassen Volcanic National Park has a Mediterranean-influenced warm-summer Humid continental climate ("Dsb"). According to the United States Department of Agriculture, the Plant Hardiness zone at Kohm Yah-mah-nee Visitor Center at elevation is 6b with an average annual extreme minimum temperature of . Since the entire park is located at medium to high elevations, the park generally has cool-cold winters and warm summers below . Above this elevation, the climate is harsh and cold, with cool summer temperatures. Precipitation within the park is high to very high due to a lack of a rain shadow from the Coast Ranges.
Lassen Volcanic National Park | Climate
The highest levels are encountered on the east slopes of the volcano. The rain is practically absent in the summer, can also be very high during the autumn – winter period.
Etna DOC | Climate
The warmest temperature recorded in the state, in Pahala on April 27, 1931, is , making it tied with Alaska as the lowest record high temperature observed in a U.S. state. Hawaii's record low temperature is observed in May1979, on the summit of Mauna Kea. Hawaii is the only state to have never recorded sub-zero Fahrenheit temperatures. Climates vary considerably on each island; they can be divided into windward and leeward ("koolau" and "kona", respectively) areas based upon location relative to the higher mountains. Windward sides face cloud cover.
Hawaii | Climate
It has a varied semitropical temperature, since part of its territory is on the shore of the sea, and another is located in the valley of the Reque River.
Monsefú | Climate
Hisiu has a tropical savanna climate (Aw) with heavy rainfall from December to March and moderate rainfall in the remaining months.
Hisiu | Climate
The city has a climate characterized by hot and humid summers, and relatively mild winters (Köppen climate classification "Cfa"). The average annual temperature in Makinohara is 15.9 °C. The average annual rainfall is 2083 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 26.8 °C, and lowest in January, at around 6.0 °C.
Makinohara | Climate
Some winters may bring extended periods of frost and snow with a perpetual snowcover, whereas other winters might just bring snowstorms followed by thaws. Temperatures then very slowly recover during the spring, but snow showers and frost are a common occurrence until the beginning of the summer in December, and they might occur even in midsummer. The southwestern winds make the outer islands wetter, reaching at Isla de los Estados (Staten Island). Because temperatures are cool throughout the year, there is little evaporation. Snow is common in winter and regularly occurs throughout the year. Ushuaia occasionally experiences snow in summer (from November to March).
Ushuaia | Climate
Labuha has a tropical rainforest climate (Af) with moderate to heavy rainfall year-round.
Labuha | Climate
"See also: Climate of American Samoa, Climate of Guam, Climate of the Northern Mariana Islands" Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands both have a trade-wind tropical rainforest climate (Köppen "Af)." The dry season is from January to May, and the wet season from July to November. American Samoa is south of the equator, and therefore its wet/dry seasons are reversed. The wet season is from December-March, and the dry season is from April-September. Rainmaker Mountain on Tutuila traps trade-wind rainclouds, leading to very high rainfall and a tropical rainforest climate (Köppen "Af)."
Climate of the United States | Pacific territories
These temperatures have a substantially smaller range than on the mainland: the summer temperature is typically a degree cooler, while winter temperatures are a good deal warmer. This is due to the influence of the ocean, and to the Leeuwin Current. 86% of the rain falls between April and September; on average there are 89 raindays, resulting in 469 millimetres of rain. The wettest month is June, when over 100 millimetres typically falls. In contrast, only about 70 millimetres can be expected to fall between October and March.
Houtman Abrolhos | Climate
The region has a tropical marine climate moderated by seasonal northeast trade winds. There is little seasonal temperature variation. The dry season runs from December or January to June and the rainy season from July to November or December. Because of the location of some islands, the rainy season can sometimes include typhoons.
Micronesia | Climate
Average annual temperature is 18.6 °C (65°F), with the average low being at 13 °C (55°F) and average high at 29 °C (85°F). The daily temperature varies greatly during day and night. The region experiences subtropical maritime climate, which is influenced by monsoon and ocean currents and its geographic location. Matsu has four seasons, where during winter it is cold and wet, during summer and spring it is foggy and during autumn the weather is generally stable.
Matsu Islands | Climate
The island's monsoonal sub-equatorial climate is characterized by distinct rainy (April to November) and dry seasons (December to March). As is common in regions with this climate type, there is some rain even in the dry season. The annual rainfall is high, averaging . In the northern mountains up to has been recorded. April and May are the hottest months, with temperatures reaching .
Phú Quốc | Climate
In the winter, temperatures have been known to drop down to the 30s and 40s at Kōkeʻe state park, which holds an unofficial record low of recorded in February 1986 at Kanaloahuluhulu Meadow. Precipitation in Kauai's mountainous regions averages annually. Situated about southeast of Kōkeʻe state park at an elevation of , is the Mt. Waialeale rain gauge. Mt. Waialeale is often cited in literature as being the wettest spot on earth, although this has been disputed. Based on data for the period from 1931 through 1960, the average yearly precipitation was (U.S. Environmental Science Services Administration, 1968). Between 1949 and 2004, the average yearly precipitation at Mt.
Kauai | Climate
During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but, due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer. Because of maritime influence, snow tends to be wet and heavy, resulting in high avalanche danger.
Kololo Peaks | Climate
The topography of the entire area is quite varied; The main roads (Hoaka, 'Aina'ola, Kawailani) are laid over the same active rift zones that created the region over the past 100 years. Further earthquake activity and land settling has created a spectacular view of the Hilo region, including Hilo bay, as well as Mauna Kea. Waiākea Stream flows from the slopes of Mauna Loa at into Waiākea Pond at an elevation of only at . As Waiakea-Uka is on the lower flanks of Mauna Loa, the area is known in for its rainfall; in August 2013, the Waiakea-Uka NWS rain gauge showed 83.96 inches of accumulated rain, while the Hilo International Airport rain gauge only registered 57.97 inches for the same length of time; though these two rain gauges are about 6 miles apart, this represents a difference of 25.99 inches, or about the average yearly rainfall of the state of Kansas.
Waiākea-Uka | Climate and Topography
Taï's climate is hot and humid throughout the year with temperatures averaging around 26 °C. The climate is divided into four seasons:
Taï | Climate
Papaikou has a tropical rainforest climate (Af) with heavy rainfall year-round.
Papaikou, Hawaii | Climate
May through July represent a markedly drier season; July, the driest month, averages about of rain. Snowfall is generally moderate, averaging from to , though at northerly Langara Island, it averages around .
Haida Gwaii | Climate
Along the coastal mountain ranges in the Pacific Northwest, rainfall is greater than anywhere else in the continental U.S., with Quinault Ranger Station in Washington having an average of . Hawaii receives even more, with measured annually, on average, at the Big Bog, in Maui. Pago Pago Harbor in American Samoa is the rainiest harbor in the world (because of the 523 meter Rainmaker Mountain). The Sonoran Desert in the southwest is home to the driest locale in the US. Yuma, Arizona, has an average of of precipitation each year.
Climate of the United States | Extremes
This brings trade winds during the period of May through September, when they are prevalent 80 to 95 percent of the time. From October through April, the heart of the trade winds moves south of Hawaii; thus there average wind speeds are lower across the islands. Due to Hawaii being at the northern edge of the tropics (mostly above 20 latitude), there are only weak wet and dry seasons unlike many tropical climates.
Climate of Hawaii | Temperature
Nukuʻalofa features a tropical rainforest climate under the Köppen climate classification. The area does experience noticeably wetter and drier periods during the year, but it does not have a true dry season month where monthly precipitation falls below . Temperatures are slightly warmer during January and February where average temperatures hover around than June and July where the average temperatures is roughly . Nukuʻalofa sees a little more than of precipitation annually. As the trade winds are almost permanent and cyclones are not rare in Nukuʻalofa, the climate is not equatorial but maritime trade-wind tropical climate.
Nukuʻalofa | Climate
During winter, high-pressure weather and clear skies cause radiation loss from the ground, sending temperatures down to . Low-pressure weather gives strong winds and precipitation, with temperature spells creeping up to and above the freezing point. During shifts the temperatures can change by within hours. Coastal stations experience mean January temperatures of between and , varying heavily from year to year depending on the degree of cycles in weather patterns. During summer the temperatures are a lot more even and average at between and at Hayes Island. Fog is most common during the summer. Average annual precipitation at the coastal stations is between , with the wettest months being from July through September.
Franz Josef Land | Climate
The island is relatively arid because it lies in the rain shadow of Kauai, and lacks the elevation needed to catch significant amounts of trade wind rainfall. Niihau, therefore, depends on winter Kona storms for its rain, when more northerly weather systems intrude into the region. As such, the island is subject to long periods of drought. Historical droughts on Niihau have been recorded several times, one in 1792 by Captain James Cook's former junior officer, George Vancouver, who had been told that the people of Niihau had abandoned the island because of a severe drought and had moved to Kauai to escape famine.
Niʻihau | Climate
Mauna Loa is the largest subaerial and second largest overall volcano in the world (behind Tamu Massif), covering a land area of and spans a maximum width of . Consisting of approximately of solid rock, it makes up more than half of the surface area of the island of Hawaiʻi. Combining the volcano's extensive submarine flanks ( to the sea floor) and subaerial height, Mauna Loa rises from base to summit, greater than the elevation of Mount Everest from sea level to its summit. In addition, much of the mountain is invisible even underwater: its mass depresses the crust beneath it by another , in the shape of an inverse mountain, meaning the total height of Mauna Loa from the start of its eruptive history is about .
Mauna Loa | Structure
The temperatures sometimes come below the 10 degrees Celsius in winters. In summer they occasionally jump up to 40 degrees Celsius.
Lanja | Climate
Mauna Loa ( or ; Hawaiian: ; ) is one of five volcanoes that form the Island of Hawaii in the U.S. state of Hawaiʻi in the Pacific Ocean. The largest subaerial volcano in both mass and volume, Mauna Loa has historically been considered the largest volcano on Earth, dwarfed only by Tamu Massif. It is an active shield volcano with relatively gentle slopes, with a volume estimated at approximately , although its peak is about lower than that of its neighbor, Mauna Kea. Lava eruptions from Mauna Loa are silica-poor and very fluid, and they tend to be non-explosive.
Mauna Loa | Introduction
Mauna Kea ( or , ) is a dormant volcano on the island of Hawaii. Its peak is above sea level, making it the highest point in the state of Hawaii. Most of the volcano is underwater, and when measured from its underwater base, Mauna Kea is the tallest mountain in the world, measuring in height. Mauna Kea is about a million years old, and has thus passed the most active shield stage of life hundreds of thousands of years ago. In its current post-shield state, its lava is more viscous, resulting in a steeper profile. Late volcanism has also given it a much rougher appearance than its neighboring volcanoes due to construction of cinder cones, decentralization of its rift zones, glaciation on its peak, and weathering by the prevailing trade winds.
Mauna Kea | Introduction
Iwo Jima has a tropical climate.
Iwo Jima | Climate
Layers of carbonized organic material at the bottom of Kīlauea ash deposits are evidence of the many times the volcano has wrought destruction on its own ecosystem and that of its neighbor Mauna Loa, and parts of the volcano present a dichotomy between pristine montane forest and recently buried volcanic "deserts" yet to be recolonized. Kīlauea's bulk affects local climate conditions through the influence of trade winds coming predominantly from the northeast, which, when squeezed upwards by the volcano's height, result in a moister windward side and a comparatively arid leeward flank. The volcano's ecology is further complicated by height, though not nearly as much as with its other, far taller neighbors, and by the local distribution of volcanic products, making for varied soil conditions.
Kīlauea | Background
The local climate is tropical, moderated by northeast trade winds, with a dry season from 1 December to 31 May, and a wet season from 1 June to 30 November. it is usually very humid. Since it is fairly close to the equator, the temperature does not fluctuate much between winter and summer.
Misima Island | Climate
The climate is Tropical of Altitude. The rainfall pattern is the same as that of the tropical climate. The summer rains are more intense due to the action of the Atlantic tropical mass. Average temp: 22 °C (71.6 °F). Rainfall: 700 to 2.000 mm (27.55 to 78,74 in).
Luís Eduardo Magalhães | Climate
The summit of Mauna Kea lies above the tree line, and consists of mostly lava rock and alpine tundra. An area of heavy snowfall, it is inhospitable to vegetation, and is known as the Hawaiian tropical high shrublands. Growth is restricted here by extremely cold temperatures, a short growing season, low rainfall, and snow during winter months. A lack of soil also retards root growth, makes it difficult to absorb nutrients from the ground, and gives the area a very low water retention capacity. Plant species found at this elevation include "Styphelia tameiameiae", "Taraxacum officinale", "Tetramolopium humile", "Agrostis sandwicensis", "Anthoxanthum odoratum", "Trisetum glomeratum", "Poa annua", "Sonchus oleraceus", and "Coprosma ernodiodes".
Mauna Kea | Alpine environment
The area falls within the warm temperate climatic zone. Meteorological data is not available. The regular climate is molly to -2 degrees Celsius.
Mount Tai | Climate
Because of the surrounding sea, air temperatures are fairly consistent, with a difference between daily highs and lows averaging to 13.6 °F However, across the year, the difference is much less; the mean daily temperature in the warmest month is only 3.4 °F warmer than that of the coolest. Rainfall is heavy and there is constant high humidity. The most common daily pattern follows an adiabatic process, with a calm, clear morning, followed by a breeze blowing in from higher pressures over the sea, culminating in a cloudy and drizzly afternoon. At night, the weather pattern reverses, and drizzle and heavy dew dissipate the cloud cover for the morning.
Malaita | Geography