Mauna Kea has an alpine climate. Due to the influence of its tropical latitude, temperature swings are very low in spite of its high elevation. Frosts are common year round, but the average monthly temperature remains above freezing throughout the year. Snow may fall at an altitude of and above in any month, but occurs most often from October to April. A weather station was operated from 1972 to 1982; however, only 33 months within this period have temperature records; many months have data for only two years. The temperatures presented below are smoothed averages, not the raw numbers recorded by NOAA.
Climate
Mauna Kea
Mauna Kea | Climate
It has an alpine climate, the average monthly temperature remains above freezing throughout the year. It  has an alpine climate. Due to the influence of its tropical latitude, temperature swings are very low in spite of its high elevation. It has an alpine climate. Mauna Kea has an alpine climate.
when was the last time mauna loa volcano erupted
user
March 24 to April 15, 1984.
assistant
what is the main entity?
user
It is one of five volcanoes that form the Island of Hawaii in the U.S. state of Hawaiʻi in the Pacific Ocean.
assistant
what is its weather like?
user
It has a tropical climate with warm temperatures at lower elevations and cool to cold temperatures higher up year-round.
assistant
who monitors this volcano?
user
The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, a branch of the United States Geological Survey.
assistant
who founded it ?
user
Thomas A. Jaggar.
assistant
where is it located?
user
A temporary offices located in Hilo on the Island of Hawaii.
assistant
mention few volcanoes it monitors?
user
Kīlauea, Mauna Loa, Hualālai, and Haleakalā.
assistant
name few dangers of the second?
user
It is a sudden, massive collapse of the volcano's flanks,  large earthquakes could trigger rapid flank collapses along these lines, creating massive landslides and possibly triggering equally large tsunamis.
assistant
any recent updates seen in the third?
user
The 2006 Kiholo Bay earthquake.
assistant
where did this natural calamity occur?
user
The epicenter was just to the north in Kiholo Bay near Māhukona.
assistant
mention few destructions it caused?
user
Significant structural damages at least 61 buildings were destroyed and red-tagged by officials, roads and bridges collapsed or had deep cracks.
assistant
any electrical failure associated with it?
user
Power plants automatically shut off power to prevent damage, and generators tripped on Oahu, causing overloads in the electrical grid.
assistant
any observatory body associated ?
user
Yes, a number of the telescopes at the Mauna Kea Observatories sustained minor damage, primarily Kecks 1 and 2 at the W. M. Keck Observatory, and the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope.
assistant
where is the last situated?
user
It is located near the summit of Mauna Kea mountain on Hawaii's Big Island.
assistant
how is the weather of the mountain just mentioned?
user
Mauna Kea has an alpine climate. Due to the influence of its tropical latitude, temperature swings are very low in spite of its high elevation. Frosts are common year round, but the average monthly temperature remains above freezing throughout the year. Snow may fall at an altitude of and above in any month, but occurs most often from October to April. A weather station was operated from 1972 to 1982; however, only 33 months within this period have temperature records; many months have data for only two years. The temperatures presented below are smoothed averages, not the raw numbers recorded by NOAA.
Mauna Kea | Climate
Trade winds blow from east to west across the Hawaiian islands, and the presence of Mauna Loa strongly affects the local climate. At low elevations, the eastern (windward) side of the volcano receives heavy rain; the city of Hilo is the wettest in the United States. The rainfall supports extensive forestation. The western (leeward) side has a much drier climate. At higher elevations, the amount of precipitation decreases, and skies are very often clear. Very low temperatures mean that precipitation often occurs in the form of snow, and the summit of Mauna Loa is described as a "periglacial" region, where freezing and thawing play a significant role in shaping the landscape.
Mauna Loa | Climate
Mauna Loa has a tropical climate with warm temperatures at lower elevations and cool to cold temperatures higher up year-round. Below is the table for the slope observatory, which is at in the alpine zone. The highest recorded temperature was and the lowest was on February 18, 2003 and February 20, 1962, respectively.
Mauna Loa | Climate
During the dry season the mountain almost always follows the same daily weather pattern. Large daily temperature fluctuations occur which led Hedberg to exclaim "winter every night and summer every day." There is variation in minimum and maximum temperatures day to day, but the standard deviation of the mean hourly pattern is small. A typical day is clear and cool in the morning with low humidity. The mountain is in direct sunlight which causes the temperatures to rise quickly with the warmest temperatures occurring between 9 am and midday. This corresponds to a maxima in the pressure, usually around 10am.
Climate of Mount Kenya | Daily pattern
Temperatures vary widely on the summit plateau, with extremes of 13.5 and 37.5 °C recorded over a five-day period.
Maringma-tepui | Introduction
Historical records suggest the Mauna Kea silversword was once dominant on Mauna Kea, adapting particularly well to wind-swept exposed alpine desert at altitudes of . In this region, humidity is virtually zero and precipitation is generally in the form of winter snow. Mean annual rainfall is less than per year, chiefly during the winter, with extreme drought during the summer. There is no shade from the hot tropical sun nor protection from nighttime temperatures which fall below freezing any time of year. The soil is thin, rocky, volcanic cinder. At the upper ranges of this habitat, no other plants grow.
Mauna Kea silversword | Original habitat
Annual mean rainfall ranges from on the summit of Mauna Kea to in Big Bog. Windward slopes have greater rainfall than leeward lowlands and tall mountains.
Climate of Hawaii | Precipitation
The weather on the mountain can be very erratic, sometimes severe. The annual average temperature at the peak is . During summer, temperatures of about or higher can be reached, and during winter temperatures can drop to . The lowest record temperature was on 2 January 1997. The average temperature is about in January, and in July, remaining below freezing for eight months of the year. The average wind speed is , peaking at . The relative humidity averages 74%.
Paektu Mountain | Climate
The lowest temperature recorded in a mountain was estimated at 7 °C below zero, in the winter of 1917, and the maximum temperature recorded in the summer of 1996, which reached 45 °C, and if we moved to the climatic factor, we find that the largest amount of rain known between the period from 1913 to 1973. N'Gaous has cold and rainy winters and heat and drought in the summer, indeed the coldness is mentioned by ancient historians.
N'Gaous | Climate
During the dry season the mountain almost always follows the same daily weather pattern. Large daily temperature fluctuations occur which led Hedberg to exclaim "winter every night and summer every day." There is variation in minimum and maximum temperatures day to day, but the standard deviation of the mean hourly pattern is small. A typical day is clear and cool in the morning with low humidity. The mountain is in direct sunlight which causes the temperatures to rise quickly with the warmest temperatures occurring between 0900 and 1200. This corresponds to a maximum in the pressure, usually around 10 am.
Mount Kenya | Daily pattern
The area falls within the warm temperate climatic zone. Meteorological data is not available. The regular climate is molly to -2 degrees Celsius.
Mount Tai | Climate
In the alpine zone, annual precipitation decreases to . The average temperature in the summit area is approximately . Nighttime surface temperatures on the Northern Ice Field (NIF) fall on average to with an average daytime high of . During nights of extreme radiational cooling, the NIF can cool to as low as .
Mount Kilimanjaro | Climate
Mauna Kea ( or , ) is a dormant volcano on the island of Hawaii. Its peak is above sea level, making it the highest point in the state of Hawaii. Most of the volcano is underwater, and when measured from its underwater base, Mauna Kea is the tallest mountain in the world, measuring in height. Mauna Kea is about a million years old, and has thus passed the most active shield stage of life hundreds of thousands of years ago. In its current post-shield state, its lava is more viscous, resulting in a steeper profile. Late volcanism has also given it a much rougher appearance than its neighboring volcanoes due to construction of cinder cones, decentralization of its rift zones, glaciation on its peak, and weathering by the prevailing trade winds.
Mauna Kea | Introduction
Temperatures at sea level generally range from highs of during the summer months to during the winter months. Rarely does the temperature rise above or drop below at lower elevations. Temperatures are lower at higher altitudes. During the winter, snowfall is common at the summits of Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa on Hawaii Island. On Maui, the summit of Haleakalā occasionally experiences snowfall, but snow had never been observed below before February 2019, when snow was observed at and fell at higher elevations in amounts large enough to force Haleakalā National Park to close for several days. The record low temperature in Honolulu is on January 20, 1969.
Climate of Hawaii | Temperature
There is no meteorological station at the mountain itself and the closest one is located at the village of Papingo. The overall climate of the Vikos–Aoös National Park which includes the mountain is Mediterranean, transitioning to continental. The Mediterranean character is characterized by the annual distribution of precipitation, high in the winter months and experiencing a drought period of two to three months in summer. The continental climatic element is attributed to the high amplitude of annual temperature variation, to such a degree that the difference between mean maximum and mean minimum annual temperature, exceeds . Extremely low temperatures occur in the area during the winter months.
Tymfi | Climate
The climate is tropical, typical of medium elevations, with the dry period of the year occurring between July and October and the wet period occurring between November and March. The average elevation is above sea level.
Paraúna | Climate
Snow, although not usually associated with tropics, falls at higher elevations on the Big Island, on Mauna Loa as well as Mauna Kea, which reaches an altitude of in some winter months. Snow only rarely falls on Maui's Haleakala. Mount Waiʻaleʻale ("Waialeale"), on the island of Kauai, is notable for its extreme rainfall, as it has the second highest average annual rainfall on Earth, with . Storm systems affect the state with heavy rains between October and March. Showers are common across the island chain, but thunderstorms are relatively rare. Local climates vary considerably on each island due to their topography, divisible into windward ("Koolau") and leeward ("Kona") regions based upon location relative to the higher mountains.
United States rainfall climatology | Hawaii
Ma'an has a cold desert climate (Köppen climate classification "BWk"), with hot summers and mild to cold winters due to its high altitude (above 1000 meters). Rainfall is extremely rare with an average of 44 mm a year only.
Ma'an | Climate
The climate found is maritime polar or tundra (Köppen: "ET") for subpolar oceanic climate ("Cfc").
Mount Ruapehu | Climate
Based on the Köppen climate classification, it is located in a subarctic climate with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Temperatures can drop below -20 C with wind chill factors below -30 C.
Massive Mountain | Climate
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mamquam Mountain is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Coast Mountains where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall. As a result, the Coast Mountains experience high precipitation, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall. Temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C. The months July through September offer the most favorable weather for climbing Mamquam Mountain.
Mamquam Mountain | Climate
This means during the northern hemisphere summer the sun is to the north of the mountain. The altitude and aspect of the watersheds and main peaks results in the north side of the upper mountain being in summer conditions. Simultaneously, the southern side is experiencing winter conditions. Once it is the southern hemisphere summer, the situation reverses.
Climate of Mount Kenya | Seasons
The mountaintop has a borderline alpine climate (Köppen climate classification "ET") along with Subtropical Highland climate (Köppen "Cwc"/"Cwb") in the nearby surroundings terrain.
Nat Ma Taung | Climate
The summit of Mauna Kea is so high that tourists are advised to stop at the visitor station for at least 30 minutes to acclimate to atmospheric conditions before continuing to the summit, and scientists often stay at Hale Pōhaku for eight hours or more before spending a full night at observatories on the summit, with some telescopes requiring observers to spend one full night at Hale Pōhaku before working at the summit.
Mauna Kea Observatories | Location
In the winter, temperatures have been known to drop down to the 30s and 40s at Kōkeʻe state park, which holds an unofficial record low of recorded in February 1986 at Kanaloahuluhulu Meadow. Precipitation in Kauai's mountainous regions averages annually. Situated about southeast of Kōkeʻe state park at an elevation of , is the Mt. Waialeale rain gauge. Mt. Waialeale is often cited in literature as being the wettest spot on earth, although this has been disputed. Based on data for the period from 1931 through 1960, the average yearly precipitation was (U.S. Environmental Science Services Administration, 1968). Between 1949 and 2004, the average yearly precipitation at Mt.
Kauai | Climate
There are two seasons in Kumai, namely the dry and rainy seasons. The temperature averages about 20 to 30 degrees Celsius, and the mount inclination is about 0 to 100 m and 0 to 80%.
Kumai | Climate
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Hayes is located in a subarctic climate zone with long, cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C. This climate supports glaciers on its slopes including the Hayes Glacier. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into tributaries of the Tanana River drainage basin. The months May through June offer the most favorable weather for climbing or viewing.
Mount Hayes | Climate
The summit of Mount Emei has an alpine subarctic climate (Köppen "Dwc"), with long, cold (but not severely so) winters, and short, cool summers. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from in January to in July, and the annual mean is . Precipitation is common year-round (occurring on more than 250 days), but due to the influence of the monsoon, rainfall is especially heavy in summer, and more than 70% of the annual total occurs from June to September.
Mount Emei | Climate
It is located in the hills with an altitude of 200–860 meters. Its highest point is on Mount Ketra (860 m). Datar has a tropical climate with dry and rainy seasons. Daytime temperatures range from 23 - 31 degrees Celsius.
Datar, Cilacap | Geography
At other times of year, the air can be forced up the mountain resulting in orographic rain. In this case heavy thunderstorms can occur.
Climate of Mount Kenya | Weather systems
On the "Big Island" of Hawaiʻi, Mauna Kea is considered the highest island mountain in the world. While the summit is often covered with snow, the air is extremely dry. Kuiper began looking into the possibility of an observatory on Mauna Kea. After testing, he discovered the low humidity was perfect for infrared signals. He persuaded Hawaiʻi Governor John A. Burns to bulldoze a dirt road to the summit where he built a small telescope on Puu Poliahu, a cinder cone peak. The peak was the second highest on the mountain with the highest peak being holy ground, so Kuiper avoided it.
Mauna Kea Observatories | Origin and background
The summit of Mauna Kea lies above the tree line, and consists of mostly lava rock and alpine tundra. An area of heavy snowfall, it is inhospitable to vegetation, and is known as the Hawaiian tropical high shrublands. Growth is restricted here by extremely cold temperatures, a short growing season, low rainfall, and snow during winter months. A lack of soil also retards root growth, makes it difficult to absorb nutrients from the ground, and gives the area a very low water retention capacity. Plant species found at this elevation include "Styphelia tameiameiae", "Taraxacum officinale", "Tetramolopium humile", "Agrostis sandwicensis", "Anthoxanthum odoratum", "Trisetum glomeratum", "Poa annua", "Sonchus oleraceus", and "Coprosma ernodiodes".
Mauna Kea | Alpine environment
Based on the Köppen climate classification, the mountain is located in a subarctic climate zone with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C.
Isabelle Peak | Climate
Mauna Kea's summit is one of the best sites in the world for astronomical observation due to favorable observing conditions. The arid conditions are important for submillimeter and infrared astronomy for this region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The summit is above the inversion layer, keeping most cloud cover below the summit and ensuring the air on the summit is dry, and free of atmospheric pollution. The summit atmosphere is exceptionally stable, lacking turbulence for some of the world's best astronomical seeing. The very dark skies resulting from Mauna Kea's distance from city lights are preserved by legislation that minimizes light pollution from the surrounding area; the darkness level allows the observation of faint astronomical objects.
Mauna Kea | Summit observatories
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Goode is located in a subarctic climate zone with long, cold, snowy winters, and cool summers. Temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C. This climate supports the Knik Glacier which surrounds the mountain. The months May through June offer the most favorable weather for climbing.
Mount Goode | Climate
Based on the Köppen climate classification, this mountain is located in a subarctic climate with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C.
Mount Niblock | Climate
Based on the Köppen climate classification, it is located in a subarctic climate with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Temperatures can drop below -20 C with wind chill factors below -30 C. Weather conditions during summer months are optimum for climbing.
Mount Lady Macdonald | Climate
The city is located above sea level, at the boundary between the Serra do Mar and the plateau. As a result, the city's climate is considered subtropical, with average temperature during the year at around , rarely exceeding in summer. In winter the average is .
Mauá | Climate
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Fifi is located in a subarctic climate with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Temperatures can drop below -20 C with wind chill factors below -30 C. Weather conditions during summer months are optimum for climbing.
Mount Fifi | Climate
The climate of Mount Kenya has played a critical role in the development of the mountain, influencing the topography and ecology amongst other factors. It has a typical equatorial mountain climate which Hedberg described as "winter every night and summer every day." The year is divided into two distinct wet seasons and two distinct dry seasons which mirror the wet and dry seasons in the Kenyan lowlands. As Mount Kenya ranges in height from to the climate varies considerably over the mountain and has different zones of influence. The lower, south eastern slopes are the wettest as the predominant weather system comes from the Indian ocean.
Climate of Mount Kenya | Introduction
The climate of Level Mountain is influenced by the presence of the Coast Mountains to the west, which disrupt the flow of the prevailing westerly winds and causes them to drop most of their moisture on the western slopes of the Coast Mountains before reaching the Nahlin Plateau, casting a rain shadow over Level Mountain. Because the volcano has a gently sloping and flat profile, it has subtle differences in climate, particularly at the low to upper-mid elevations. Therefore, a relatively homogeneous climate extends over Level Mountain, with only gradual temperatures and precipitation gradients occurring altitudinally. As a result, large mammals do not have a wide diversity of local climates from which to choose.
Level Mountain | Climate
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Hungabee is located in a subarctic climate with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Temperatures can drop below −20 C with wind chill factors below −30 C.
Mount Hungabee | Climate
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Nagishlamina is located in a subarctic climate zone, with long, cold, snowy winters, and cool summers. Temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C. This climate supports the Harpoon and Capps Glaciers surrounding the peak. Precipitation runoff from the mountain and meltwater from its glaciers empties into Cook Inlet. The months May through June offer the most favorable weather for viewing or climbing the peak.
Mount Nagishlamina | Climate
The summit of Mauna Kea is a bleak, cold apparently lifeless place with cinder cones on a plateau of lava, but there are a number of organisms that have adapted to the inhospitable environment. These include lichens, algae, mosses, insects, spiders and other small arthropods. There are at least twelve species of endemic arthropods living there, and the community is largely dependent on the wind-blown insects that are deposited there. Unlike most other lygaeids, which eat seeds, the wēkiu bug has adapted to feed on insects that are blown up to the top of the mountain and die. This is not as small a resource as it might seem; snow packs at the summit are often covered with hundreds of them.
Nysius wekiuicola | Ecology
Low on the mountain, between and , clouds begin to form over the western forest zone, due to moist air from Lake Victoria. The anabatic winds caused by warm rising air gradually bring these clouds to the summit region in the afternoon. Around 3pm there is a minimum in sunlight and a maximum in humidity causing the actual and perceived temperature to drop. At 4pm there is a minimum in the pressure. This daily cover of cloud protects the glaciers on the south-west of the mountain which would otherwise get direct sun every day, enhancing their melt. The upwelling cloud eventually reaches the dry easterly air streams and dissipates, leading to a clear sky by 5pm.
Climate of Mount Kenya | Daily pattern
The temperature fluctuation is less in the wet season as the constant clouds act as a dampener. Temperature variations are closely correlated with direct sunlight. The sun quickly warms the ground by a few degrees, which in turn warms the air close to the ground. This air cools to reach equilibrium with the mean air temperature very quickly when the sky becomes overcast. The layer of air within half a metre of the ground in the valleys also exhibit different temperatures at night to the air layer above it. During the clear nights of the dry season, the ground cools quickly cooling the air next to it.
Climate of Mount Kenya | Temperature
This discrepancy may possibly be explained by the difference in location for problems with calibrating the dates.
Climate of Mount Kenya | Overview
The temperature of Mount Kinabalu usually stands from −4 °C to 8 °C in December to January, and 3 °C to 12 °C in June to September. Due to the coldness of the mountain in December to January, sometimes frost and ice appears at the summit of Mount Kinabalu. However, occurrence of snow has been recorded once at the end of 20th century.
Mount Kinabalu | Temperature
This leads to very dense montane forest on these slopes. High on the mountain most of the precipitation falls as snow, but the most important water source is frost. Combined, these feed 11 glaciers.
Climate of Mount Kenya | Introduction
Examples of such peaks include Ntø Maleta (2740 m), Ntø Mangua (2710 m), Ntø Tiahchia, etc. Mmuock-Leteh has a tropical mountainous climate of the sub-equatorial type. The accidented nature of the relief has greatly influenced this climate which is characterised by a long rainy season (mid-March to mid-November) and a shorter dry season (mid-November to mid-March). The monthly rainfall ranges between 35 mm in January and 605 mm in August, August being the wettest month. The temperature varies between 8 and 28 °C: In altitudes above 1800 m asl, night temperatures fall as low as 8 °C during the rainy season.
Mmuock Leteh | Geography
The mountain's climate is cooler and wetter than the surrounding lowlands. Moist oceanic air masses moving in from the southeast rise up the mountain slopes and cools, and the moisture in the air condenses and falls as rain, or forms low clouds and morning mists. The windward south and east slopes receive more moisture than the north and west slopes, which are in the rain shadow of the mountain.
Mount Gorongosa | Climate
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Queena has a subarctic climate with cold, snowy winters, and cool summers. Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Coast Mountains where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall. As a result, the Coast Mountains experience high precipitation, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall. Temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C. The months June and July offer the most favorable weather for viewing this rarely climbed peak.
Mount Queena | Climate
The temperatures on Mount Kenya fluctuate greatly. This fluctuation is largest on the lower slopes of the moorland zone. At an altitude of there is an 11.5 °C mean range in daily temperature, this goes down to 7.5 °C at and 4 °C at . The diurnal temperature fluctuation reduces with altitude, and so the lapse rate decreases during the course of the day. This effect means the lapse rate during the day on Mount Kenya is lower than average for dry air. At night the lapse rate is again lower than average for dry air due to the katabatic winds from the glaciers.
Climate of Mount Kenya | Temperature
Based on the Köppen climate classification, this mountain is located in a subarctic climate zone with long, cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C. The months May through June offer the most favorable weather for climbing or viewing.
The Rooster Comb | Climate
Using the Köppen climate classification the climate of the mountain is humid continental climate (Dfb). Summers are cool with temperatures rarely reaching 25 °C (77 °F) and summer lows fall below 10 °C (50 °F) regularly. There are heavy rainstorms from June to October. Winters are very cold with maximum high reaching 0 °C (32 °F) and reaching a maximum low of -31 °C (-24 °F). Winter snowstorms with high winds are common and typically over 1 meter (~3 ft) of snow per season.
Cerro Mohinora | Climate
The location is near ideal because of its dark skies from lack of light pollution, good astronomical seeing, low humidity, high elevation of , position above most of the water vapor in the atmosphere, clean air, good weather and low latitude location.
Mauna Kea Observatories | Introduction
Mauna Kea can be ecologically divided into three sections: an alpine climate at its summit, a "Sophora chrysophylla"–"Myoporum sandwicense" (or māmane–naio) forest on its flanks, and an "Acacia koa"–"Metrosideros polymorpha" (or koa–ōhia) forest, now mostly cleared by the former sugar industry, at its base. In recent years, concern over the vulnerability of the native species has led to court cases that have forced the Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources to eradicate all feral species on the volcano. With its high elevation, dry environment, and stable airflow, Mauna Kea's summit is one of the best sites in the world for astronomical observation.
Mauna Kea | Introduction
With an elevation of ., Mount Aso has a climate that falls as humid continental (Köppen climate classification ""Dfb""), with warm summers and cold winters. Precipitation is high throughout the year, which brings the area to have borderline subtropical characteristics as well. They are particularly heavy in June and July, where over of rain fell in each month.
Mount Aso | Climate
Being a high mountain with snow-covered peaks and glacial valleys, the Oshtorankuh has a cold mountain climate with cold winters and cool summers.
Oshtorankuh | Climatology
Mount Ibuki has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification "Dfb") with mild summers and cold winters.
Mount Ibuki | Climate
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Cairnes is located in a subarctic climate with long, cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C. Precipitation runoff from the peak and meltwater from its pocket glaciers drains into tributaries of the Kaskawulsh River.
Mount Cairnes | Climate
The maximum precipitation on the mountain occurs during the mid-March to June wet season, but the level of perception can vary greatly from year to year. During the wet seasons it is overcast almost continually. Half of the annual rainfall is over the "long rains" March to June, with a third of the total in the October to December "short rains" wet season. In both the wet and dry seasons the wettest location on the mountain are the south-east slopes. The south-eastern maximum is due to the direction of the predominant winds. The maximum in the west is mainly due to the effects of the sun when the sky is clear, due to anabatic upwelling of air in the valleys bringing cloud up the mountain by the early afternoon.
Climate of Mount Kenya | Precipitation
Spring and fall are the most favorable seasons to visit Mount Tukuhnikivatz. According to the Köppen climate classification system, it is located in a Cold semi-arid climate zone, which is defined by the coldest month having an average mean temperature below 32 °F (0 °C), and at least 50% of the total annual precipitation being received during the spring and summer. This desert climate receives less than of annual rainfall, and snowfall is generally light during the winter.
Mount Tukuhnikivatz | Climate
The climate of Goda Mountains is a subtropical highland climate (Köppen climate classification: "Cwb"), with the influence of mountain climate, with hot and dry summers and cold winters. This is attributed to the fact that Goda Mountains is located on a plain surrounded by mountains and to its distance to the sea and its effects. In the presence of fog, condensation is sometimes considerable. Ground moisture allows plants and trees to survive despite irregular rainfall. Elevation is the major factor affecting temperature levels, with the higher elevated areas being on average 11°C (20°F) cooler than the lower areas. Overnight temperatures can drop as low as 50–54 °F (10–12.2 °C), especially during the December to March winter months.
Goda Mountains | Climate
This peak is covered with snow in the winter season and temperature falls below zero degrees Celsius. In the summer season it seems green.
Malika Dhuri | Introduction
Haleakalā's summit experiences a cold-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen classification "Csc"), one of the few locations in the world with this climate type. The Haleakalā Ranger station, at a lower elevation, lies in the subtropical highland climate zone.
Haleakalā | Climate
Due to the area's arid climate, its annual precipitation is only . In the high-altitude area of over , however, there exists violent local air circulation and its yearly precipitation is several hundred mm more than that in the foothill area. Thus, snow and hailstones frequently fall, presenting conditions for the development of glaciers. The average temperature is , and the hottest months are from June to August with a temperature of over , while the coldest month is January, with a temperature of . In the high-altitude area of over , it remains cold all year round, the lowest temperature being less than .
Geladaindong Peak | Climate
Compared to Mediterranean bioclimatic divisions, the area belongs to the humid zone with cold winters. Conditions in the mountain might be significantly different from those of lower regions in the same area. Winters are particularly harsh and the mountain is covered in snow from autumn until late May.
Tymfi | Climate
Makilala's climatic condition is characterized by rainfall evenly distributed throughout the year, thus, the springs kept flowing, rivers are alive and farms are productive. The slopes of Mt. Apo, Mt. Libadan, Mt. Gap and Mt. Naponggis serve as rain generators that provide reliable rainfall pattern and cool climate.
Makilala | Climate
The climate is typically tropical and fairly cool on the summit of Doi Inthanon. In the winter, the average temperature is in January and temperatures can sometimes drop below . On 21 December, 2017, an all-time low temperature of was recorded at 06:30 at km 44.4. From March to June, temperatures are pleasant, especially at higher altitudes. The rainy season runs from April to November, when it sometimes rains for more than two hours per day.
Doi Inthanon | Climate
The climate of Kilimanjaro is influenced by the height of the mountain, which allows the simultaneous influence of the equatorial trade winds and the high altitude anti-trades; and by the isolated position of the mountain. Kilimanjaro has daily upslope and nightly downslope winds, a regimen stronger on the southern than the northern side of the mountain. The flatter southern flanks are more extended and affect the atmosphere more strongly. Kilimanjaro has two distinct rainy seasons, one from March to May and another around November. The northern slopes receive much less rainfall than the southern ones. The lower southern slope receives annually, rising to at altitude and peaking "partly over" in the forest belt at .
Mount Kilimanjaro | Climate
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Judge Howay is located in a marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel east toward the Coast Mountains where they are forced upward by the range (Orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall.
Mount Judge Howay | Climate
The Mauna Kea Trail, also known as the Humuʻula Trail, is a hiking route leading from the Onizuka Center for International Astronomy to the summit of Mauna Kea, the highest volcano on the island of Hawaii. The trail is a long, unmaintained dirt and scree path with two short road sections, about at the beginning and about near the summit. Cairns and reflective posts mark the route above . The summit region is typically very cold, and winter storms can deposit up to of snow in January and February. Astronomical instruments are located near the summit since the atmosphere is substantially thinner at higher elevations than at sea level.
Mauna Kea Trail | Introduction
Because of its high altitude and close proximity to Mt Ruapehu, Waiouru's climate is cold throughout the year, unlike other North Island centres, and particularly cold when the wind blows from the mountain. The Desert Road is regularly closed in winter owing to heavy snowfalls. Waiouru's climate can be described as continental.
Waiouru | Climate
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Eielson is located in a subarctic climate zone with long, cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C. The months May through June offer the most favorable weather for climbing or viewing. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains north into tributaries of the McKinley River, which in turn is part of in the Tanana River drainage basin.
Mount Eielson | Climate
The climate of Mount Kenya has played a critical role in the development of the mountain, influencing the topography and ecology amongst other factors. It has a typical equatorial mountain climate which Hedberg described as "winter every night and summer every day." Mount Kenya is home to one of the Global Atmosphere Watch's atmospheric monitoring stations.
Mount Kenya | Climate
Har HaAri has a Mediterranean climate with hot summers and cold, damp and sometimes snowy winters. Its altitude makes it vulnerable to strong winds at any time of the year. The precipitation rate on the mountain is high and reaches nearly 1000 mm. Most precipitation falls between October and May.
Har HaAri | Climate
During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but, due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer. Because of maritime influence, snow tends to be wet and heavy, resulting in high avalanche danger. The months July through September offer the most favorable weather for viewing or climbing this peak.
Mount Hermann | Climate
The southwestern slopes of the Old Mountain are characterized by a moderate/continental sub-mountain/mountain climate, which gets colder and more humid from lower to higher elevations. The coldest month is January, and the warmest is July.
Visok | Climate
Aoraki / Mount Cook receives substantial orographic precipitation throughout the year, as breezy, moisture-laden westerly winds dominate all year-round, bringing rainclouds from the Tasman Sea with them. Annual precipitation around the mountain ranges varies greatly as the local climate is dominated by the eastward movement of depressions and anticyclones from across the Tasman Sea. The Aoraki / Mount Cook massif is a major obstacle to the prevailing westerly winds as they push depressions and associated cold fronts of moist air from the subtropics in the northwest against the mountain range. As the air rises towards the peaks, it expands and cools, and forms clouds.
Aoraki / Mount Cook | Local climate
The whole area of the Kalatungan Mountain Range falls under the Type III climate which is characterized as having a short dry season lasting only one to three months and no very pronounced maximum rain period. Average temperature is 24.7 °C. The area receives the highest amount of rainfall in the month of June while the driest month is March. The relative humidity varies from 71% in May to 86% in September. The area is virtually cloud-covered throughout the year.
Kalatungan Mountain Range | Climate
Stratus cloud, which probably dominated during some of the glaciations would have provided insulation but little precipitation. There are minor glacial advances recorded on the mountain over the past 6,000 years. The first of these occurred between 6950-4500 kya when there was a major glacial advance in the Teleki valley. A moraine in the Hobley valley dates slightly before this. 5.7 kya the Cesar and Josef glaciers retreated from the Hausberg Tarn for the final time. This tarn has since been used to infer past climates by looking at the sediment record.
Climate of Mount Kenya | Glaciations
In Hawaiian mythology, the summit of Mauna Kea was seen as the "region of the gods", a place where benevolent spirits reside. Poliahu, deity of snow, also resides there. "Mauna Kea" means "white mountain," in reference to its seasonally snow-capped summit.
Mauna Kea | Native history
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Mathias is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean, and travel northeast toward the Olympic Mountains. As fronts approach, they are forced upward by the peaks of the Olympic Range, causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall (Orographic lift). As a result, the Olympics experience high precipitation, especially during the winter months. During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer.
Mount Mathias | Climate
During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but, due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer. The months July through September offer the most favorable weather for viewing or climbing this peak.
Mount Kent (Washington) | Climate
Based on the Köppen climate classification, the mountain is located in a subarctic climate with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C. In terms of favorable weather, June through September are the best months to climb the mountain. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into tributaries of the Bow River.
Pharaoh Peaks | Climate
Mean average temperature ranges from 22º C in the southeastern lowlands to less than 18º C in the high mountains. Frosts occur above 1500 meters elevation.
Chimanimani Mountains | Climate
The Kiamichi Mountains experience a humid subtropical climate, with long, hot, humid summers, and short and cool winters. Temperatures below zero are very rare, but possible. Light snowfall usually occurs once or twice each winter, but rarely lasts more than 24 hours without melting. Substantial amounts of precipitation fall throughout the year. Summers can be extremely hot, and are usually very humid. Thunderstorms are common throughout the spring and summer. Higher elevations are substantially cooler than the valleys during the day, and tend to receive more precipitation throughout the year.
Kiamichi Mountains | Climate
Mt. Apo generally enjoys a tropical, rainy climate. It falls under the Type IV climate under the modified corona's classification wherein rainfall is relatively distributed throughout the year. Mean monthly temperature ranges from a low during January to during April. Monthly relative humidity ranges from 78% during March and April and 82% during June and July. It reaches in January and February. In late March–April 2016, due to the extreme effects of El Niño caused by climate change and global warming, massive patches of forest fires and bushfires appeared on the slopes of the mountain, causing hikers on the mountain to halt their ascent.
Mount Apo | Climate
This leads to katabatic winds from the ridges into the valleys resulting in the valley bottoms being colder than the higher ridges flanking them. Baker found that the Teleki valley was regularly 2 °C colder at night than the surrounding ridges. This has forced plants such as the senecios and lobelias to be tall to avoid key parts freezing, as freezing is lethal for plants.
Climate of Mount Kenya | Temperature
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount O'Neel is located a subpolar oceanic climate zone, with long, cold, snowy winters, and cool summers. Westerly winds coming off the North Pacific Ocean are forced upwards by the Chugach Mountains (orographic lift), causing heavy rainfall. Temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C. This climate supports the Childs Glacier to the south, and Grinnell Glacier to the north. The months May through June offer the most favorable weather for viewing and climbing.
Mount O'Neel | Climate
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Case has a subarctic climate with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C. This climate supports the White Glacier below the south slopes. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into Glacier Bay Basin.
Mount Case | Climate
When the wind is weak, the warmth is accumulated in the middle layer, so the maximum temperature in the mid-mountainous area is higher than the maximum temperature of the low-altitude coastal area about 1–3°C, and 4°C or higher on the downwind side. When the wind is blowing at 4–9 m/s, the wind phenomenon occurs mainly, so the weak sea breeze coming from the sea is formed on the coastal area and the peak temperature is mainly observed during the daytime.
Hallasan | Tendency of maximum temperature by Hallasan
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Marathon is located in a subarctic climate zone with long, cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C. This climate supports a spruce and hemlock forest on the lower slopes. The months May and June offer the most favorable weather for viewing.
Mount Marathon | Climate
Based on the Köppen climate classification, the mountain is located in a subarctic climate with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Temperatures can drop below -20 °C with wind chill factors below -30 °C. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains into tributaries of the Athabasca River.
Mount Edith Cavell | Climate
On Maui, the cloudiest zones are at and just below the summits of the mountains, and at elevations of on the windward sides of Haleakala. In these locations the sky is cloudy more than 70 percent of the time. The usual clarity of the air in the high mountains is associated with the low moisture content of the air.
Climate of Hawaii | Cloud formation
Based on the Köppen climate classification, the mountain experiences a subarctic climate with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Temperatures can drop below -20 °C with wind chill factors below -30 °C in the winter.
Mount Brewster | Climate
During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but, due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer. Because of maritime influence, snow tends to be wet and heavy, resulting in high avalanche danger.
Mount Index | Climate
The current climate on Mount Kenya is wet, but drier than it has been in the past. The temperatures span a wide range, which diminishes with altitude. In the lower alpine zone they usually don't go below . Snow and rain are common from March to December, but especially in the two wet seasons. The wet seasons combined account for 5/6 of the annual precipitation. The monsoon, which controls the wet and dry seasons, means that most of the year there are south-easterly winds, but during January and February the dominate wind direction is north-easterly.
Climate of Mount Kenya | Current Climate
This climate supports a small ice remnant on the east side of the pek, and another in the northwest cirque. During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer. The months July through September offer the most favorable weather for viewing or climbing this peak.
Iron Cap Mountain | Climate