Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System, being larger than only Mercury. In English, Mars carries the name of the Roman god of war and is often referred to as the "Red Planet". The latter refers to the effect of the iron oxide prevalent on Mars's surface, which gives it a reddish appearance distinctive among the astronomical bodies visible to the naked eye. Mars is a terrestrial planet with a thin atmosphere, with surface features reminiscent of the impact craters of the Moon and the valleys, deserts and polar ice caps of Earth.
Introduction
Mars
Mars | Introduction
Yes, "Red Planet" in English Marte Red Planet. Yes, it is often referred to as the "Red Planet".
what is the location of mars in the solar system
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Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun
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Mars is a planet in the Solar System. Mars also commonly refers to: Mars may also refer to:
Mars (disambiguation) | Introduction
Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System, being larger than only Mercury. In English, Mars carries the name of the Roman god of war and is often referred to as the "Red Planet". The latter refers to the effect of the iron oxide prevalent on Mars's surface, which gives it a reddish appearance distinctive among the astronomical bodies visible to the naked eye. Mars is a terrestrial planet with a thin atmosphere, with surface features reminiscent of the impact craters of the Moon and the valleys, deserts and polar ice caps of Earth.
Mars | Introduction
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Mars: Mars – fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System, after Mercury. Named after the Roman god of war, it is often referred to as the "Red Planet" because the iron oxide prevalent on its surface gives it a reddish appearance. Mars is a terrestrial planet with a thin atmosphere, having surface features reminiscent both of the impact craters of the Moon and the valleys, deserts, and polar ice caps of Earth.
Outline of Mars | Introduction
These maps are now available online at http://www.google.com/mars/
Geography of Mars | History
The days and seasons are comparable to those of Earth, because the rotational period as well as the tilt of the rotational axis relative to the ecliptic plane are similar. Mars is the site of Olympus Mons, the largest volcano and highest known mountain on any planet in the Solar System, and of Valles Marineris, one of the largest canyons in the Solar System. The smooth Borealis basin in the northern hemisphere covers 40% of the planet and may be a giant impact feature. Mars has two moons, Phobos and Deimos, which are small and irregularly shaped. These may be captured asteroids, similar to 5261 Eureka, a Mars trojan.
Mars | Introduction
In English, the planet is named for the Roman god of war, an association made because of its red color, which suggests blood. The adjectival form of Latin is , which provides the English words "Martian", used as an adjective or for a putative inhabitant of Mars, and "Martial", used as an adjective corresponding to "Terrestrial" for Earth. In Greek, the planet is known as , with the inflectional stem . From this come technical terms such as "areology", as well as the adjective "Arean" and the star name "Antares". 'Mars' is also the basis of the name of the month of March (from Latin 'month of Mars'), as well as (through loan-translation) of Tuesday (Latin 'day of Mars'), where the old Anglo-Saxon god Tíw was identified with Roman Mars.
Mars | Names
The location is an ideal site for studying the timing and evolution of the surface processes of Mars, such as huge impact basin formation, fluvial activity (valley networks, small outflow channels), groundwater activity, history of glaciation, and volcanic activity.
Northeast Syrtis | Introduction
Mars is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Mars (surname) | Introduction
When space probes have landed on Mars, individual small features such as rocks, dunes, and hollows have often been given informal names. Many of these are frivolous: features have been named after ice cream (such as Cookies N Cream); cartoon characters (such as SpongeBob SquarePants and Patrick); and '70s music acts (such as ABBA and the Bee Gees).
Planetary nomenclature | <a href="Mars">Mars</a>
Mars (1.5 AU from the Sun) is smaller than Earth and Venus (). It has an atmosphere of mostly carbon dioxide with a surface pressure of 6.1 millibars (roughly 0.6% of that of Earth). Its surface, peppered with vast volcanoes, such as Olympus Mons, and rift valleys, such as Valles Marineris, shows geological activity that may have persisted until as recently as 2 million years ago. Its red colour comes from iron oxide (rust) in its soil. Mars has two tiny natural satellites (Deimos and Phobos) thought to be either captured asteroids, or ejected debris from a massive impact early in Mars's history.
Solar System | Mars
South is an impact crater in the Mare Australe quadrangle of Mars, located at 76.9°S latitude and 21.9°E longitude. It measures 101.84 kilometers in diameter and was named after British astronomer Sir James South (1785–1867). The name was approved in 1973, by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature.
South (Martian crater) | Introduction
The Valley of Dor, with the ring of cliffs around it and Sea of Korus within it, is placed in a mile-deep crater at Mars' South Pole. However, Burroughs makes a mistake in that he has the sun rise in the east and set in the west as elsewhere in the planet, and the moons are visible from the Valley. In reality, at the South Pole, Mars' moons would not be seen, and the sun would not rise in the east and set in the west (all directions away from the Pole are "north" in any case), but instead ring the cliffs for half the Martian year, and leave the area shrouded in darkness for the other half of the Martian year.
The Gods of Mars | Scientific basis
The city's name has been given to a crater on the surface of Mars. was officially adopted by the International Astronomical Union's Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (IAU/WGPSN) in 1991. The crater lies at 53.8° south latitude and 32.6° west longitude, with a diameter of .
Kamloops | Planetary nomenclature
Copernicus is a large crater on Mars, with a diameter close to 300 km. It is located south of the planet's equator in the heavily cratered highlands of Terra Sirenum in the Phaethontis quadrangle at 48.8°S and 191.2°E. Its name was approved in 1973, and it was named after Nicolaus Copernicus.
Copernicus (Martian crater) | Introduction
Dawes Crater is located in the Sinus Sabaeus quadrangle of Mars, at 9.2 S and 38 E. It is about in diameter, and was named after William R. Dawes, a British astronomer (1799–1868) who was ahead of his time in believing that Mars only had a thin atmosphere. Dawes presumed that the atmosphere of Mars was thin because surface markings on the planet could easily be seen.
Dawes (Martian crater) | Introduction
Below are images of some of the major chasmata of Mars. The map shows their relative locations.
Chasma | Mars
The Hellenistic Greeks also called the planet Πυρόεις "Pyroeis", meaning "fiery". In the Skanda Purana, a Hindu religious text, Mars is known as the deity Mangala (मंगल) and was born from the sweat of Shiva. The planet is called "Angaraka" in Sanskrit, after the celibate god of war who possesses the signs of Aries and Scorpio, and teaches the occult sciences. The planet was known by the ancient Egyptians as "Horus of the Horizon", then later Her Deshur (""Ḥr Dšr""), or "Horus the Red". The Hebrews named it "Ma'adim" (מאדים) — "the one who blushes"; this is where one of the largest canyons on Mars, the Ma'adim Vallis, gets its name.
Mars in culture | Introduction
Very is a crater on Mars, located south of the planet's equator in the heavily cratered highlands of Terra Sirenum in the Phaethontis quadrangle at 49.2°S and 177.1°W. It measures approximately 115 kilometers in diameter. The crater was named after American astronomer Frank Washington Very.
Very (Martian crater) | Introduction
This is a list of all named labes. Coordinates are given as planetocentric latitude with east longitude.
List of Labes on Mars | List of labes
Mars has long been the subject of human interest. Early telescopic observations revealed color changes on the surface that were attributed to seasonal vegetation and apparent linear features were ascribed to intelligent design. Further telescopic observations found two moons, Phobos and Deimos, polar ice caps and the feature now known as Olympus Mons, the Solar System's second tallest mountain. The discoveries piqued further interest in the study and exploration of the red planet. Mars is a rocky planet, like Earth, that formed around the same time, yet with only half the diameter of Earth, and a far thinner atmosphere; it has a cold and desert-like surface.
Exploration of Mars | Martian system
Main is an impact crater on Mars, located in the Mare Australe quadrangle at 76.6°S latitude and 310.9°W longitude. It measures 109.0 kilometers in diameter and was named after Rev. Robert Main. The name was approved in 1973, by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN). The floor of Main shows dark portions which are caused by pressurized carbon dioxide blowing dust in the atmosphere in the spring when the temperature goes up. Some of the dust is shaped into streaks if there is a wind. Many ideas have been advanced to explain these features.
Main (Martian crater) | Introduction
Today, names of Martian features derive from a number of sources, but the names of the large features are derived primarily from the maps of Mars made in 1886 by the Italian astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli. Schiaparelli named the larger features of Mars primarily using names from Greek mythology and to a lesser extent the Bible. Mars's large albedo features retain many of the older names, but are often updated to reflect new knowledge of the nature of the features. For example, 'Nix Olympica' (the snows of Olympus) has become Olympus Mons (Mount Olympus). Large Martian craters are named after important scientists and science fiction writers; smaller ones are named after towns and villages on Earth.
Geography of Mars | Modern nomenclature
Coordinates:
Marsalforn | External links
Several landing sites have been named, either the spacecraft itself or the landing site:
List of extraterrestrial memorials | <a href="Mars">Mars</a>
Latitude and longitude are given as planetographic coordinates with west longitude.
List of craters on Mars: H–N | Introduction
It is located 10 km from Tolbazy, 4 km from Novy Kalchir.
Mars, Aurgazinsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan | Geography
Various landforms studied by the Mars Exploration Rovers are given temporary names or nicknames to identify them during exploration and investigation. However, it is hoped that the International Astronomical Union will make permanent the names of certain major features, such as the Columbia Hills, which were named after the seven astronauts who died in the Space Shuttle "Columbia" disaster.
Geography of Mars | Modern nomenclature
Latitude and longitude are given as planetographic coordinates with west longitude.
List of craters on Mars | Introduction
In the astronomical and calendrical reforms of the Sasanian (224-651 CE), the planet Mars was named Bahram. Zaehner attributes this to the syncretic influences of the Chaldean astral-theological system, where Babylonian Nergal is both the god of war and the name of the red planet. (see also: "Fatalistic" Zurvanism).
Verethragna | As the name of a planet
Burroughs is a large crater on Mars at latitude 72.5S / longitude 243.1W, with a diameter of . The crater is named after Edgar Rice Burroughs, the American science fiction novelist who wrote a series of fantasy novels set on the planet.
Burroughs (crater) | Introduction
Mars is the only other planet in the Solar System besides Earth on which deserts have been identified. Despite its low surface atmospheric pressure (only 1/100 of that of the Earth), the patterns of atmospheric circulation on Mars have formed a sea of circumpolar sand more than 5 million km (1.9 million sq mi) in the area, larger than most deserts on Earth. The Martian deserts principally consist of dunes in the form of half-moons in flat areas near the permanent polar ice caps in the north of the planet. The smaller dune fields occupy the bottom of many of the craters situated in the Martian polar regions.
Desert | Deserts on other planets
Schiaparelli is an impact crater on Mars, located near the planet's equator at latitude 3° south and longitude 344° in the Sinus Sabaeus quadrangle. It measures approximately 459 kilometers in diameter and was named after Italian astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli, known for his observations of the Red Planet and his mistranslated term "canali". The name was adopted by IAU's Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature in 1973.
Schiaparelli (Martian crater) | Introduction
See list of craters on Mars. Mars has two permanent polar ice caps, the northern one located at Planum Boreum and the southern one at Planum Australe.
Geography of Mars | Topography
Jeans is an impact crater in the Mare Australe quadrangle of Mars, located at 69.8°S latitude and 205.9°W longitude. It is 80.2 km in diameter and was named after James Hopwood Jeans, and the name was approved in 1973 by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN). The pictures below show dark areas in which frost is disappearing and the dark ground beneath is being exposed. Layers are also visible—probably from the many cycles of mantle deposition.
Jeans (Martian crater) | Introduction
Adams is an impact crater in the Cebrenia quadrangle of Mars. It was named after American astronomer Walter Sydney Adams, and the name was approved in 1973 by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN). Adams is located on the east side of the southern end of the Phlegra Montes.
Adams (Martian crater) | Introduction
Mars has many distinctive chemical features caused by its position in the Solar System. Elements with comparatively low boiling points, such as chlorine, phosphorus, and sulphur, are much more common on Mars than Earth; these elements were probably pushed outward by the young Sun's energetic solar wind.
Mars | Surface geology
Latitude and longitude are given as planetographic coordinates with west longitude.
List of craters on Mars: A–G | Introduction
Latitude and longitude are given as planetographic coordinates with west longitude.
List of craters on Mars: O–Z | Introduction
Most place names on Mars are derived from sources in the Bible or classical antiquity. "Hesperia" is a Greco-Latin poetic term for "lands to the west," which to the ancient Greeks and Romans meant Italy, while Spain was referred as "Hesperia Ultima" . "Planum" (pl. "plana") is Latin for plateau or high plain. It is a descriptor term used in planetary geology for a relatively smooth, elevated terrain on another planet or moon. The Hesperia region of Mars was named by Italian astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli in 1877 for an intermediate-toned albedo feature centered at lat. 20°S, long. 240°W between two darker regions.
Hesperia Planum | Name origin
For some time, scientists have thought that the location of the poles of Mars have shifted due to the great mass of volcanic material in the Tharsis dome which includes Olympus Mons, the highest volcano in the solar system. A study published in "Nature" supports this idea. For a period early in the history of Mars, the poles were about 20 degrees away from their present positions. At that time ice was deposited in a region called Dorsa Argentea Formation. Also, the Martian dichotomy was aligned along the equator. A band of rivers formed at around 25 degrees south carried water from the southern highlands to the northern lowlands.
True polar wander on Mars | Introduction
Given that it is a planet, the geography of Mars varies considerably. However, the dichotomy of Martian topography is striking: northern plains flattened by lava flows contrast with the southern highlands, pitted and cratered by ancient impacts. The surface of Mars as seen from Earth is consequently divided into two kinds of areas, with differing albedo. The paler plains covered with dust and sand rich in reddish iron oxides were once thought of as Martian 'continents' and given names like Arabia Terra ("land of Arabia") or Amazonis Planitia ("Amazonian plain"). The dark features were thought to be seas, hence their names Mare Erythraeum, Mare Sirenum and Aurorae Sinus.
Geography of Mars | Topography
The largest dark feature seen from Earth is Syrtis Major Planum. The shield volcano, Olympus Mons ("Mount Olympus"), rises 22 km above the surrounding volcanic plains, and is the highest known mountain on any planet in the solar system. It is in a vast upland region called Tharsis, which contains several large volcanos. See list of mountains on Mars. The Tharsis region of Mars also has the solar system's largest canyon system, Valles Marineris or the "Mariner Valley", which is 4,000 km long and 7 km deep. Mars is also scarred by countless impact craters. The largest of these is the Hellas impact basin.
Geography of Mars | Topography
It is located 31 km from Kushnarenkovo, 8 km from Ilikovo.
Mars, Kushnarenkovsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan | Geography
One way the surface of Mars has been categorized, is by thirty "quadrangles", with each quadrangle named for a prominent physiographic feature within that quadrangle.
Exploration of Mars | Martian system
Comas Sola (sometimes as Comas Solá) is an impact crater on Mars, located in the Memnonia quadrangle at 19.59°S latitude and 158.51°W longitude. It measures in diameter. It was named after the Spanish Catalan astronomer Josep Comas Solá. The name was approved by IAU's Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature in 1973.
Comas Sola (crater) | Introduction
Mars analogs are sometimes chosen for their location, for example, Devon Island is at 75°N latitude which provides solar radiance similar to the Martian Equator. Similarly, high altitudes can provide an equivalent to the low pressure of the Mars atmosphere
List of Mars analogs | Introduction
Hagal is the informal name of a dune field on Mars located below the north pole of Mars. Its name derives from the sand dunes in Frank Herbert's novel "Dune" and the fictional planet Hagal. It is located at coordinates 78.0° N latitude, 84.0° E longitude, and consists of linear and round dunes with a southeast slipface orientation. It was one of the dune formations targeted for imaging by the HiRISE camera, on board the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, at the rate of one image every six weeks. in the third year (MY31–Mars Year 31) of its seasonal expedition. It is also known as the "Martian Morse Code" due to the linear and rounded formations of its dunes, which have the appearance of dots and dashes.
Hagal dune field | Introduction
The name Nhill has been used for a crater on the planet Mars. The name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 1991, commemorating a "Town in Victoria, Australia".
Nhill | Mars
Mars also has a small application found near the face on Mars. It is called Meliza, a robot character the user can speak with.
Google Earth | Google Mars
The archaic Latin form () is very occasionally seen in English, though the adjectives "Mavortial" and "Mavortian" mean 'martial' in the military rather than planetary sense. Due to the global influence of European languages, a word like "Mars" or "Marte" for the planet is common around the world, though it may be used alongside older, native words. A number of other languages have provided words with international usage. For example, Arabic – which has connotations of fire – is used as the (or a) name for the planet in Persian, Urdu, Malay and Swahili, among others, while Chinese [Mandarin ] 'fire star' (for in Chinese the five classical planets are identified with the five elements) is used in Korean, Japanese and Vietnamese.
Mars | Names
Spallanzani is a crater on Mars, located in the Hellas quadrangle at 58.0° south latitude and 86.4° east longitude. It measures approximately 72 kilometers in diameter and was named after Italian biologist Lazzaro Spallanzani (1729–1799). The name was adopted by IAU's Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature in 1973.
Spallanzani (Martian crater) | Introduction
Huxley is a crater in the Hellas quadrangle of Mars, located at 63.0°S latitude and 259.2°W longitude. It is 107.0 km in diameter. It was named after British biologist Thomas Henry Huxley, and the name was approved in 1973 by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN).
Huxley (Martian crater) | Introduction
Several landing sites have been named, either the spacecraft itself or the landing site:
List of artificial objects on Mars | Landing site namings and memorials
Suess is an impact crater in the Mare Australe quadrangle of Mars, located at 67.1°S latitude and 178.6°W longitude. It measures 71.9 kilometers in diameter and was named after Austrian geologist Eduard Suess. The name was approved in 1973, by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature.
Suess (Martian crater) | Introduction
A crater on Mars was named in his honor by NASA in 1973.
Maurice du Martheray | Introduction
Dejnev is a crater on Mars, located in the Memnonia quadrangle at 25.1° south latitude and 164.8° west longitude. It was named after Russian geographer, explorer, and navigator Semyon Dezhnev (1605–1673). The name was adopted by IAU's Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature in 1985.
Dejnev (Martian crater) | Introduction
The planet is 1.52 times as far from the Sun as Earth, resulting in just 43% of the amount of sunlight. If Mars had an Earth-like orbit, its seasons would be similar to Earth's because its axial tilt is similar to Earth's. The comparatively large eccentricity of the Martian orbit has a significant effect. Mars is near perihelion when it is summer in the southern hemisphere and winter in the north, and near aphelion when it is winter in the southern hemisphere and summer in the north. As a result, the seasons in the southern hemisphere are more extreme and the seasons in the northern are milder than would otherwise be the case.
Mars | Climate
Bianchini is a crater in the Thaumasia quadrangle of Mars, located at 64.2°S latitude and 95.4°W longitude. It is 71 km in diameter and was named after Italian astronomer Francesco Bianchini; the name was approved in 1973 by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN).
Bianchini (Martian crater) | Introduction
Mars Two, Mars II, Mars 2 or variant, may refer to:
Mars II (disambiguation) | Introduction
Quenisset is an impact crater on Mars, located in the Ismenius Lacus quadrangle at 34.6° N and 319.4° W. It measures 138 kilometer in diameter. Adopted by IAU's Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature in 1973, the crater was named after French astronomer Ferdinand Quénisset.
Quenisset (crater) | Introduction
Marsan is commune in the Gers department. Marsan may also refer to:
Marsan (disambiguation) | Introduction
It also gave the name Aeolis Palus to the plain located on the crater floor between the northern wall of Gale and the northern foothills of the mountain. The IAU's choice of name is supported by the United States Geological Survey. Martian craters are named after deceased scientists, so in recognition of NASA and Sharp, at the same time the IAU named "Robert Sharp", a large ( diameter), crater located about west of Gale. NASA and the European Space Agency continue to refer to the mountain as "Mount Sharp" in press conferences and press releases. This is similar to their use of other informal names, such as the Columbia Hills near one of the Mars Exploration Rover landing sites.
Mount Sharp | Name
Richardson is a crater in the Mare Australe quadrangle on Mars, located at 72.6°S and 180.4°W. It measures 95.9 kilometers in diameter and was named after Lewis Fry Richardson. The name was approved by the International Astronomical Union in 1973.
Richardson (Martian crater) | Introduction
The temple is located at a place called "Haut-Bécherel".
Temple of Mars (Corseul) | Location
Baldet Crater is an impact crater in the Syrtis Major quadrangle of Mars, located at 23.0°N latitude and 294.6°W longitude. It is 180.0 km in diameter and was named after Fernand Baldet, and the name was approved in 1973 by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN). Baldet crater overlaps the rim of the larger Antoniadi crater, which lies to the west, just outside this image on the left. Antoniadi crater is more than twice as big as Baldet.
Baldet (Martian crater) | Introduction
Newton is a large crater on Mars, with a diameter close to 300 km. It is located south of the planet's equator in the heavily cratered highlands of Terra Sirenum in the Phaethontis quadrangle. The crater was named in 1973 by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN) in honor of British physicist Sir Isaac Newton. Three smaller craters within Newton have been named. Avire is to the west of the central peak. Palikir and Dechu are to the southeast of the central peak.
Newton (Martian crater) | Introduction
Haldane is an impact crater in the Eridania quadrangle of Mars, located at 52.8°S and 230.7°W. It is 77 km in diameter. It was named after British physiologist and geneticist J. B. S. Haldane; the name was approved in 1973 by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN).
Haldane (Martian crater) | Introduction
Marsas may refer to the following places in France:
Marsas | Introduction
Tyndall is an impact crater in the Cebrenia quadrangle of Mars, located at 40.0°N latitude and 190.1°W longitude. It measures approximately 87 kilometers in diameter and was named after Irish physicist John Tyndall (1820–1893). The name was approved in 1973, by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature.
Tyndall (Martian crater) | Introduction
Pavonis Mons (Latin for "peacock mountain") is a large shield volcano located in the Tharsis region of the planet Mars. It is the middle member of a chain of three volcanic mountains (collectively known as the Tharsis Montes) that straddle the Martian equator between longitudes 235°E and 259°E. The volcano was discovered by the Mariner 9 spacecraft in 1971, and was originally called Middle Spot. Its name formally became Pavonis Mons in 1973. The equatorial location of its peak and its height make it the ideal terminus for a space elevator, and it has often been proposed as a space elevator location, especially in science fiction.
Pavonis Mons | Introduction
Le Verrier is an impact crater in the Noachis quadrangle of Mars, located at 38.0°S latitude and 342.9°W longitude, and is inside Noachis Terra. It is 138 kilometers in diameter. It was named after French mathematician and astronomer Urbain Le Verrier. The name was approved in 1973 by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN).
Le Verrier (Martian crater) | Introduction
Priestley is an impact crater in the Eridania quadrangle of Mars, located at 54.4°S latitude and 229.4°W longitude. It measures 41.9 kilometers in diameter and was named after English clergyman and scientist Joseph Priestley. The naming was approved by IAU's Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature in 1973.
Priestley (Martian crater) | Introduction
Pindus Mons is a mountain on the planet Mars which is located in Tempe Terra. It has a diameter of and an elevation of . The name was approved in 1991.
Pindus Mons | Introduction
Williams is an impact crater on Mars, located in the Memnonia quadrangle at 18.7°S latitude and 164.3°W longitude. It measures 123.2 kilometers in diameter and was named after British astronomer Arthur S. Williams. The name was approved by IAU's Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature in 1973.
Williams (Martian crater) | Introduction
William Rutter Dawes' earlier drawings of 1865, then the best ones available. Proctor explained his system of nomenclature by saying, "I have applied to the different features the names of those observers who have studied the physical peculiarities presented by Mars." Here are some of his names, paired with those later used by Schiaparelli in his Martian map created between 1877 and 1886. Schiaparelli's names were generally adopted and are the names actually used today:
Geography of Mars | Early nomenclature
Mars in culture is about the planet Mars in culture. For example, the planet Mars is named after the Roman god of war Mars. In Babylonian astronomy, the planet was named after "Nergal", their deity of fire, war, and destruction, most likely due to the planet's reddish appearance. Whether the Greeks equated Nergal with their god of war, Ares, or whether both drew from a more ancient association is unclear. In the age of Plato, the Greeks called the planet Ἄρεως ἀστἡρ ("Areos aster"), or "star of Ares". Following the identification of Ares and Mars, it was translated into Latin as "stella Martis", or "star of Mars", or simply "Mars".
Mars in culture | Introduction
The mission is known as the Mars Science Laboratory. The rover vehicle was named through an essay contest. Finalist names were ranked by the public between March 23–29, 2009 from among Adventure, Amelia, Journey, Perception, Pursuit, Sunrise, Vision, Wonder, and Curiosity. through a public poll on the NASA website. On May 27, 2009, the winning name was announced to be "Curiosity" from the winning essay by Clara Ma, then a sixth-grader from Kansas.
Spacecraft naming | <a href="Mars%20Science%20Laboratory">Mars Science Laboratory</a>
Von Kármán is an impact crater in the Argyre quadrangle of Mars, located at 64.6°S latitude and 58.5°W longitude. It is in diameter. It was named after Hungarian-American aeronautical engineer Theodore von Kármán. The crater contains a large field of dunes. Usually, the dunes are very dark because they contain the dark volcanic rock basalt. However, in the winter they are become covered with frost. The pictures below show the frost disappearing. Dark spots appear on dunes in the higher latitudes of Mars. Sometimes geysers form near the spots. They have two main features (dark dune spots and spider channels) that appear at the beginning of the Martian spring on dune fields covered with carbon dioxide (CO or 'dry ice'), mainly at the ridges and slopes of the dunes; by the beginning of winter, they disappear.
Von Kármán (Martian crater) | Introduction
Playfair is an impact crater in the Mare Australe quadrangle of Mars, located at 78.1°S latitude and 126.2°W longitude. It measures 64.2 kilometers in diameter and was named after Scottish scientist and mathematician John Playfair. The naming was approved in 1973, by the IAU's Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature.
Playfair (Martian crater) | Introduction
This is a list of plains on Mars. Such features are named after the nearest classical albedo feature in compliance with the International Astronomical Union's rules of planetary nomenclature. Plains may be named denoted "planitia" or "planum", depending on height.
List of plains on Mars | Introduction
Trouvelot is a crater on Mars, located in the Oxia Palus quadrangle at 16.2° north latitude and 13.1° west longitude near the crustal dichotomy in the circum-Chryse region. It is roughly located along the dichotomy between Arabia Terra to the northeast and the southernmost of the circum-Chryse outflow channels to the southwest. Trouvelot crater measures approximately 149 kilometers in diameter and was named after Étienne Léopold Trouvelot, a French astronomer (1827–1895). The naming was adopted by IAU's Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature in 1973.
Trouvelot (Martian crater) | Introduction
It is located on the water divide between the Lys Valley (Aosta Valley) and the Elvo Valley (Province of Biella). In the SOIUSA ("International Standardized Mountain Subdivision of the Alps") it gives the name to a mountain group called ""Catena Tre Vescovi - Mars"".
Monte Mars | Geography
Mars is a commune in the Ardèche department in southern France.
Mars, Ardèche | Introduction
Charlier is a crater in the Mare Australe quadrangle of Mars. The crater is located at 68.56°S latitude and 168.67°W longitude. It is 106.28 km in diameter and was named after Carl Charlier, a Swedish astronomer. Its name was approved in 1973.
Charlier (Martian crater) | Introduction
Mars has two relatively small (compared to Earth's) natural moons, Phobos (about in diameter) and Deimos (about in diameter), which orbit close to the planet. Asteroid capture is a long-favored theory, but their origin remains uncertain. Both satellites were discovered in 1877 by Asaph Hall; they are named after the characters Phobos (panic/fear) and Deimos (terror/dread), who, in Greek mythology, accompanied their father Ares, god of war, into battle. Mars was the Roman counterpart of Ares. In modern Greek, the planet retains its ancient name "Ares" (Aris: "Άρης"). From the surface of Mars, the motions of Phobos and Deimos appear different from that of the Moon.
Mars | Moons
The name Achar has been used for a crater on the planet Mars by the International Astronomical Union, although not specifically commemorating the village.
Achar, Uruguay | Mars
We have the original images M07-00166 (red) and M07-00167 (blue), part of the gallery of MOC Global-Map Images, Subphase M07. The shadow is situated at roughly 14°N 236°W.
Transit of Phobos from Mars | Other images
An American astronomer obtains images of Mars suggesting large-scale environmental changes are occurring at a pace that can only be accomplished by intelligent beings with advanced technology. Scientist Chris Cronyn (Peter Graves) and his wife, Linda (Andrea King) have been contacting Mars by a hydrogen powered radio transmitter, using technology based on the work of Nazi scientist Franz Calder. They communicate first through an exchange of mathematical concepts, like the value of pi, and then through answers to specific questions about Martian life. The transmissions claim that Mars is a utopia, which has led to great technological advancement and the elimination of scarcity, but that there is no fear of nuclear war.
Red Planet Mars | Plot
Magelhaens is an impact crater in the southern highlands of Mars, located at 32.36° south latitude and 185.42° east longitude, in the Phaethontis quadrangle. Its diameter is 105 km. Its name refers to Ferdinand Magellan, the 16th century Portuguese explorer. Magelhaens is located southwest of the volcanic region of Tharsis. It is surrounded by rocky peaks of unknown origin. These forms may be the result of tectonic movements in the Tharsis region, or of meteorite impacts.
Magelhaens (Martian crater) | Introduction
Perrotin is a crater in the Coprates quadrangle of Mars, located at 2.82°S latitude and 77.94°W longitude. It is 82.82 km in diameter and was named after Henri A. Perrotin, a French astronomer who studied dark lineations on the planet. Its name was approved in 1988.
Perrotin (Martian crater) | Introduction
Craters smaller than 60 km are named for towns and villages of the world with populations of less than 100,000. Large valleys are named for the word "Mars" or "star" in various languages; small valleys are named for rivers. Large albedo features retain many of the older names, but are often updated to reflect new knowledge of the nature of the features. For example, "Nix Olympica" (the snows of Olympus) has become "Olympus Mons" (Mount Olympus). The surface of Mars as seen from Earth is divided into two kinds of areas, with differing albedo. The paler plains covered with dust and sand rich in reddish iron oxides were once thought of as Martian "continents" and given names like Arabia Terra ("land of Arabia") or Amazonis Planitia ("Amazonian plain").
Mars | Geography and naming of surface features
D-MARS is an analogue mission to the planet Mars, taking place in Makhtesh Ramon in Israel's Negev desert. D-MARS is an acronym for "Desert Mars Analog Ramon Station", and its crew are known as "Ramonauts". Ramon's geological features and aridity are similar to those of Mars. In addition, the mission takes place in the crater because of its relative abundance. Several missions have been carried out since the beginning of 2018, each staffed by six crew. They have performed experiments across many disciplines, including physics, soil studies, microbial studies, psychology, agriculture, water supply, and engineering. Their suits were designed by Israeli fashion designer Alon Livne.
D-MARS | Introduction
Hutton is a crater in the Mare Australe quadrangle of Mars, located at 71.8° south latitude and 255.4° west longitude. It is 99 km in diameter and was named after James Hutton, a British geologist (1726-1797). Many areas of Mars show patterned ground. Sometimes the ground has the shape of polygons. In other places, the surface has low mounds arranged in chains. Patterned ground is common in cold climates on Earth when the soil contains water that is often frozen. Patterned ground is visible below in the image of Hutton Crater.
Hutton (Martian crater) | Introduction
Of all the planets in the Solar System, the seasons of Mars are the most Earth-like, due to the similar tilts of the two planets' rotational axes. The lengths of the Martian seasons are about twice those of Earth's because Mars's greater distance from the Sun leads to the Martian year being about two Earth years long. Martian surface temperatures vary from lows of about at the winter polar caps to highs of up to in equatorial summer. The wide range in temperatures is due to the thin atmosphere which cannot store much solar heat, the low atmospheric pressure, and the low thermal inertia of Martian soil.
Mars | Climate
The Tartarus Montes are a mountain range on the planet Mars, stretching over 1070 km and located around the coordinates 15.46º N, 167.54º E, between Orcus Patera and the Elysium volcanic region. Albedo was first identified from the contrast of bright and dark signals photographed by Eugène Antoniadi.
Tartarus Montes | Introduction
El Capitan is a layered rock outcrop found within the Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle (MC-19) region of the planet Mars, this geological outcrop was first discovered and observed by the Mars Exploration Rover "Opportunity" in February 2004. The rock outcrop was named for El Capitan, a topographical mountain lying within the state, Texas.
El Capitan (Mars) | Introduction
Beer is a crater lying situated within the Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle (MC-19) region of the planet Mars, named in honor of the German astronomer, Wilhelm Beer. It is located at 14.4°S 351.8°E . Beer and collaborator Johann Heinrich Mädler produced the first reasonably good maps of Mars in the early 1830s. When doing so, they selected a particular feature for the prime meridian of their charts. Their choice was strengthened when Giovanni Schiaparelli used the same location in 1877 for his more famous maps of Mars. The feature was later called Sinus Meridiani ("Middle Bay"), but following the landing of the NASA probe MER-B Opportunity in 2004 it is perhaps better known as Meridiani Planum.
Beer (Martian crater) | Introduction
Other interesting features are the large river valleys and outflow channels that cut through the dichotomy.
Geography of Mars | Martian dichotomy
The landing site was an ancient flood plain in Mars's northern hemisphere called "Ares Vallis" ("the valley of Ares", the ancient Greek equivalent of the ancient Roman deity Mars) and is among the rockiest parts of Mars. Scientists chose it because they found it to be a relatively safe surface to land on and one that contained a wide variety of rocks deposited during a catastrophic flood. After the landing, at , succeeded, the lander received the name "The Carl Sagan Memorial Station" in honor of the astronomer. (See also List of extraterrestrial memorials)
Mars Pathfinder | Landing site
The star Antares, similar in brightness and hue to the planet Mars in the night sky, was given its name ("ant(i)-Ares", meaning "opposite Mars" or "equal to Mars") by early astronomers to compare it to and help distinguish it from the planet. The premise is furthered in that while on Earth, Prescot meets an unnamed "gentleman from Virginia" who is implied to be John Carter, the protagonist of Burroughs' Martian series. Physically, Kregen is similar to Earth, being comfortably habitable by human beings. It has seven major continents and nine continental islands similar in size to Australia, in addition to innumerable smaller islands.
Dray Prescot series | Setting