The oribi (; "Ourebia ourebi") is a small antelope found in eastern, southern and western Africa. The sole member of its genus, the oribi was first described by the German zoologist Eberhard August Wilhelm von Zimmermann in 1782. Eight subspecies are identified. The oribi reaches nearly at the shoulder and weighs . This antelope features a slightly raised back, and long neck and limbs. The glossy, yellowish to rufous brown coat contrasts with the white chin, throat, underparts and rump. Only males possess horns; the thin, straight horns, long, are smooth at the tips and ringed at the base. Typically diurnal, the oribi is active mainly during the day.
Introduction
Oribi
Oribi | Introduction
It was the sole member of its genus Bovidae Bovidae Bovidae
what is an oribi?
user
It is a small antelope.
assistant
where is it found?
user
Eastern, southern and western Africa from savannahs, floodplains and tropical grasslands
assistant
how does it look like?
user
This antelope features a slightly raised back, and long neck and limbs. The glossy, yellowish to rufous brown coat contrasts with the white chin, throat, underparts and rump. The bushy tail, brown to black on the outside, has white insides.
assistant
what family does it belong to?
user
The oribi is a small, slender antelope; it reaches nearly at the shoulder and weighs . The head-and-body length is typically between . Sexually dimorphic, males are slightly smaller than females (except for "O. o. ourebi", in which females are smaller). This antelope features a slightly raised back, and long neck and limbs. The glossy, yellowish to rufous brown coat contrasts with the white chin, throat, underparts and rump. The bushy tail, brown to black on the outside, has white insides (except in "O. o. hastata", that has a completely black tail). The subspecies show some variation in colouration; "O.
Oribi | Description
The oribi (; "Ourebia ourebi") is a small antelope found in eastern, southern and western Africa. The sole member of its genus, the oribi was first described by the German zoologist Eberhard August Wilhelm von Zimmermann in 1782. Eight subspecies are identified. The oribi reaches nearly at the shoulder and weighs . This antelope features a slightly raised back, and long neck and limbs. The glossy, yellowish to rufous brown coat contrasts with the white chin, throat, underparts and rump. Only males possess horns; the thin, straight horns, long, are smooth at the tips and ringed at the base. Typically diurnal, the oribi is active mainly during the day.
Oribi | Introduction
This antelope is highly sporadic in distribution, ranging from Senegal in the west to Ethiopia and Eritrea in the east and southward to Angola and the Eastern Cape (South Africa). The oribi has been classified as Least Concern by the IUCN; numbers have declined due to agricultural expansion and competition from livestock.
Oribi | Introduction
The scientific name of the oribi is "Ourebia ourebi". The sole member of its genus, the oribi is placed under the family Bovidae. The species was first described by the German zoologist Eberhard August Wilhelm von Zimmermann in 1782. The oribi was formerly included in the tribe Neotragini, that comprised a variety of other dwarf antelopes, including "Dorcatragus" (beira), "Madoqua" (dik dik), "Neotragus", "Oreotragus" (klipspringer) and "Raphicerus". In 1963, German mammalogist Theodor Haltenorth separated the oribi and "Raphicerus" into a new tribe, Raphicerini; later on, zoologist Jonathan Kingdon assigned the oribi to Ourebini, a tribe of its own. The common name "oribi" comes from the Afrikaans name for the animal, "oorbietjie".
Oribi | Taxonomy
Small herds of up to four members are common; males defend their group's territory, large. The oribi is primarily a grazer, and prefers fresh grasses and browses occasionally. A seasonal breeder, the time when mating occurs varies geographically. Unlike all other small antelopes, oribi can exhibit three types of mating systems, depending on the habitat – polyandry, polygyny and polygynandry. Gestation lasts for six to seven months, following which a single calf is born; births peak from November to December in southern Africa. Weaning takes place at four to five months. The oribi occurs in a variety of habitats – from savannahs, floodplains and tropical grasslands with tall grasses to montane grasslands at low altitudes, up to above the sea level.
Oribi | Introduction
These separate species often occur in close proximity to each other, increasing predator vigilance. This antelope is highly sporadic in distribution; it occurs mainly in eastern, southern and western Africa, ranging from Nigeria and Senegal in the west to Ethiopia and Eritrea in the east and southward to Angola and the Eastern Cape (South Africa). It is feared to be extinct in Burundi.
Oribi | Distribution and habitat
The oribi is diurnal (active mainly during the day), though some activity may also be observed at night. The animal rests in cover during rain events. Unlike all other small antelopes, oribi can exhibit three types of mating systems, depending on the habitat – polyandry, polygyny and polygynandry; polygyny tends to prevail as the female-to-male ratio increases. A study suggested that polygyny is preferred in areas of high predator risk, as it leads to formation of groups as an anti-predator measure. Small herds of up to four members are also common. Males defend their group's territory, large; female members may also show some aggression and drive away intruders.
Oribi | Ecology and behaviour
o. ourebi" is a rich rufous, while "O. o. hastata" is yellower. Only males possess horns; the thin, straight horns, long, are smooth at the tips and ringed at the base. The maximum horn length, , was recorded in 1998 from Malawi. The oribi has at least six different, well-developed scent glands (such as the prominent preorbital glands near the eyes). The body has several modifications, such as the large fossae below the eyes, to accommodate such a large number of glands. Females have four teats.
Oribi | Description
Oryx is a genus consisting of four large antelope species called oryxes. Three of them are native to arid parts of Africa, and the fourth to the Arabian Peninsula. Their fur is pale with contrasting dark markings in the face and on the legs, and their long horns are almost straight. The exception is the scimitar oryx, which lacks dark markings on the legs, only has faint dark markings on the head, has an ochre neck, and horns that are clearly decurved. The Arabian oryx was only saved from extinction through a captive breeding program and reintroduction to the wild.
Oryx | Introduction
Many desert and semidesert species are particularly pale, some almost silvery or whitish (e.g. Arabian oryx); the beisa and southern oryxes have gray and black pelages with vivid black-and-white faces. Common features of various gazelles are white rumps, which flash a warning to others when they run from danger, and dark stripes midbody (the latter feature is also shared by the springbok and beira). The springbok also has a pouch of white, brushlike hairs running along its back, which opens up when the animal senses danger, causing the dorsal hairs to stand on end.
Antelope | Morphology
The Suni ("Neotragus moschatus") is a small antelope. It occurs in dense underbrush from central Kenya to KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa. Suni are around 12–17 inches (30–43 cm) high at the shoulder and weigh 10–12 pounds (4.5–5.4 kg). They are usually reddish brown, darker on their back than their sides and legs. The belly, chin, throat and insides of legs are white. The nostrils are prominent red, and there are black rings around the eyes and above the hooves. Males have horns 3–5 inches (8–13 cm) long, that are ridged most of their length and curve backwards close to their heads.
Suni | Introduction
The soft coat is reddish to golden brown, in sharp contrast with the white ventral parts. A brown band runs across the chest, and a distinct rufous collar can be observed on the neck. The chin and the medial surfaces of the legs are also white. The face is characterised by large, round dark brown eyes, small translucent ears, a slim muzzle, and a large grayish pink rhinarium.
Royal antelope | Description
Juveniles are darker than the adults as well as long-haired. While "R. r. bohor" appears yellowish gray, "R. r. wardi" is richly tinted. The undersides are white in color. A few distinct markings can be observed—such as a dark stripe on the front of each foreleg; white markings under the tail; and a pale ring of hair around the eyes and along the lips, lower jaw, and upper throat. However, "R. r. redunca" lacks dark stripes on its forelegs. The males have thicker necks. Its large, oval-shaped ears distinguish it from other antelopes. There is a round bare spot below each ear.
Bohor reedbuck | Physical description
The addax ("Addax nasomaculatus"), also known as the white antelope and the screwhorn antelope, is an antelope of the genus "Addax", that lives in the Sahara Desert. It was first described scientifically by Henri de Blainville in 1816. As suggested by its alternative name, this pale antelope has long, twisted horns - typically in females and in males. Males stand from at the shoulder, with females at . They are sexually dimorphic, as the females are smaller than the males. The colour of the coat depends on the season - in the winter, it is greyish-brown with white hindquarters and legs, and long, brown hair on the head, neck, and shoulders; in the summer, the coat turns almost completely white or sandy blonde.
Addax | Introduction
The okapi (; "Okapia johnstoni"), also known as the forest giraffe, Congolese giraffe, or zebra giraffe, is an artiodactyl mammal native to the northeast of the Democratic Republic of the Congo in Central Africa. Although the okapi has striped markings reminiscent of zebras, it is most closely related to the giraffe. The okapi and the giraffe are the only living members of the family Giraffidae. The okapi stands about tall at the shoulder and has a typical body length around . Its weight ranges from . It has a long neck, and large, flexible ears. Its coat is a chocolate to reddish brown, much in contrast with the white horizontal stripes and rings on the legs, and white ankles.
Okapi | Introduction
This broad-shouldered antelope has a muscular, front-heavy appearance, with a distinctive robust muzzle. Young are born tawny brown, and begin to take on their adult coloration at the age of 2 months. The adults' hues range from a deep slate or bluish-gray to light gray or even grayish-brown. The back and flanks are slightly lighter than the ventral surface and underparts. Dark brown, vertical stripes mark the area between the neck and the back of the ribcage, thus giving it the name "brindled gnu". The manes of both sexes appear long, stiff, thick, and jet black, the same colour as the tail and face.
Blue wildebeest | Colouration
The sable antelope shares the genus "Hippotragus" with the extinct bluebuck ("H. leucophaeus") and the roan antelope ("H. equinus"), and is a member of the family Bovidae. In 1996, an analysis of mitochondrial DNA extracted from a mounted specimen of the bluebuck showed that it is outside the clade containing the roan and sable antelopes. The cladogram below shows the position of the sable antelope among its relatives, following the 1996 analysis:
Sable antelope | Taxonomy
The oribi occurs in a variety of habitats – from savannahs, floodplains and tropical grasslands with tall grasses to montane grasslands at low altitudes, up to above the sea level. Recently burnt areas often attract groups of oribi. The choice of habitat depends on the availability of cover needed to escape the eyes of predators. Population densities typically vary between 2 and 10 individuals per km; however, densities as high as 45 individuals per km have been recorded in tropical grasslands that receive over of annual rainfall and open floodplains. The oribi's range overlaps with those of larger grazers such as the African buffalo, hippopotamus, hartebeest, Thomson's gazelle and topi.
Oribi | Distribution and habitat
The scimitar oryx is a straight-horned antelope that stands just over at the shoulder. The males weigh and the females . The body measures from the head to the base of the tail. The tail is long and ends with a tuft. They are sexually dimorphic with males being larger than females. Its coat is white with a red-brown chest and black markings on the forehead and down the length of the nose. The coat reflects the sun's rays, while the black portions and the tip of the tongue provide protection against sunburn. The white coat helps to reflect the heat of the desert.
Scimitar oryx | Physical description
The 91 antelope species, most of which are native to Africa, occur in about 30 genera. The classification of tribes or subfamilies within Bovidae is still a matter of debate, with several alternative systems proposed. Antelope are not a cladistic or taxonomically defined group. The term is used to describe all members of the family Bovidae that do not fall under the category of sheep, cattle, or goats. Usually, all species of the Alcelaphinae, Antilopinae, Hippotraginae, Reduncinae, Cephalophinae, many Bovinae, the grey rhebok, and the impala are called antelopes.
Antelope | Species
Steenbok resemble small Oribi, standing 45–60 cm (16"–24") at the shoulder. Their pelage (coat) is any shade from fawn to rufous, typically rather orange. The underside, including chin and throat, is white, as is the ring around the eye. Ears are large with "finger-marks" on the inside. Males have straight, smooth, parallel horns 7–19 cm long (see image left). There is a black crescent-shape between the ears, a long black bridge to the glossy black nose, and a black circular scent-gland in front of the eye. The tail is not usually visible, being only 4–6 cm long.
Steenbok | Description
In a revision of the phylogeny of the tribe Antilopini on the basis of nuclear and mitochondrial data in 2013, Eva Verena Bärmann (of the University of Cambridge) and colleagues showed that the oribi is the sister taxon to all other antilopines. The cladogram below is based on the 2013 study. The following eight subspecies are identified:
Oribi | Taxonomy
The beira has a bushy tail and a coarse coat which is reddish grey on the back separated from the white underparts by a dark band which extends along each side from the elbow to the rear leg. Its long, slender legs are fawn-coloured and the head is yellowish red with black eyelids and white eye rings. The beira has disproportionately large ears, which are 15 cm long and 7.5 cm across with white fur on their interiors. Only the males have horns which are 7.5–10 cm long, straight spikes which grow out vertically from near the sides of the ears.
Beira (antelope) | Description
The Giraffidae are a family of ruminant artiodactyl mammals that share a common ancestor with cervids and bovids. This family, once a diverse group spread throughout Eurasia and Africa, presently comprises only two extant genera, the giraffe (one or more species of "Giraffa", depending on taxonomic interpretation) and the okapi (the only known species of "Okapia"). Both are confined to sub-Saharan Africa: the giraffe to the open savannas, and the okapi to the dense rainforest of the Congo. The two genera look very different on first sight, but share a number of common features, including a long, dark-coloured tongue, lobed canine teeth, and horns covered in skin, called ossicones.
Giraffidae | Introduction
The suni is a small antelope, but larger than the other two species of its genus. This antelope resembles Bates's pygmy antelope in terms of cranial measurements. The suni stands at the shoulder; the head-and-body length is typically between . Both sexes weigh between . Horns are present only on males; sexual dimorphism in the suni is less marked than in Bates's pygmy antelope.
Suni | Description
A Topi is an antelope species of the genus "Damaliscus". Topi may also refer to:
Topi (disambiguation) | Introduction
The term antelope is used to refer to many species of even-toed ruminant indigenous to various regions in Africa and Eurasia. Antelopes comprise a wastebasket taxon (miscellaneous group) within the family Bovidae, encompassing all Old World ruminants that are not bovines, sheep, or goats. Antelopes are considered the sister group to deer within the infraorder Pecora. A group of antelope is called a herd. Unlike deer antlers, which are shed and grown annually, antelope horns grow continuously.
Antelope | Introduction
The white-legged duiker ("Cephalophus crusalbum") is a medium-sized antelope species from the subfamily of duikers ("Cephalophinae") within the family of bovids (Bovidae). It is native to Gabon and the Republic of the Congo. It was described as subspecies of the Ogilby's duiker ("Cephalophus ogilbyi") by Peter Grubb in 1978. After a revision of the ungulates in 2011 by Colin Groves, it is now regarded as distinct species.
White-legged duiker | Introduction
Specific to specimens from Ecuador, males range in size between , and females between . Specimens collected in Mexico are larger. Prosoma is brown with grey marks, while legs are pale brown, with darker brown at the tips. Males can be distinguished by the size of their embolus fork and embolus division b, while females have an epigynal plate which is high relative to its width.
Anelosimus oritoyacu | Description
The family Bovidae is placed in the order Artiodactyla (which includes the even-toed ungulates). It includes 143 extant species, accounting for nearly 55% of the ungulates, and 300 known extinct species. Molecular studies have supported monophyly in the family Bovidae (a group of organisms comprises an ancestral species and all their descendants). The number of subfamilies in Bovidae is disputed, with suggestions of as many as ten and as few as two subfamilies. However, molecular, morphological and fossil evidence indicates the existence of eight distinct subfamilies : Aepycerotinae (consisting of just the impala), Alcelaphinae (bontebok, hartebeest, wildebeest and relatives), Antilopinae (several antelopes, gazelles, and relatives), Bovinae (cattle, buffaloes, bison and other antelopes), Caprinae (goats, sheep, ibex, serows and relatives), Cephalophinae (duikers), Hippotraginae (addax, oryx and relatives) and Reduncinae (reedbuck and kob antelopes).
Bovidae | Taxonomy
They have short, erect manes, very light beards and prominent red nostrils. The horns are ringed and can reach a metre long in males, slightly shorter in females. They arch backwards slightly. They are similar in appearance to the sable antelope and can be confused where their ranges overlap. Sable antelope males are darker, being brownish-black rather than dark brown.
Roan antelope | Introduction
palaestinicus, from Israel, but the dating is not certain and a morphological analysis indicates it may belong to the genus Bison. The species Probubalus occipitalis is considered identical to H. triquetricornis. Content in this edit is translated from the existing Italian Wikipedia article at ; see its history for attribution.
Hemibos | Classification
Oribotritiidae is a family of mites in the order Oribatida.
Oribotritiidae | Introduction
The bovids show great variation in size: the gaur can weigh more than , and stand high at the shoulder. The royal antelope, in sharp contrast, is only tall and weighs at most . The klipspringer, another small antelope, stands at the shoulder and weighs just . Differences occur in pelage colouration, ranging from a pale white (as in the Arabian oryx) to black (as in the black wildebeest). However, only the intermediate shades, such as brown and reddish brown (as in the reedbuck), are commonly observed. In several species, females and juveniles exhibit a light-coloured coat, while those of males darken with age.
Bovidae | Characteristics
They are attended by ants of the family Formicidae.
Aphnaeus orcas | Introduction
Kipsigicerus is an extinct genus of East African antelope from the Middle Miocene. Its closest living relative is the four-horned-antelope.
Kipsigicerus | Introduction
The hartebeest (; "Alcelaphus buselaphus"), also known as kongoni, is an African antelope. Eight subspecies have been described, including two sometimes considered to be independent species. A large antelope, the hartebeest stands just over at the shoulder, and has a typical head-and-body length of . The weight ranges from . It has a particularly elongated forehead and oddly shaped horns, short neck, and pointed ears. Its legs, which often have black markings, are unusually long. The coat is generally short and shiny. Coat colour varies by the subspecies, from the sandy brown of the western hartebeest to the chocolate brown of the Swayne's hartebeest.
Hartebeest | Introduction
The coat colour varies geographically, but, in general, is a rufous red in juveniles and chestnut in females. There are white facial markings, as well as several stripes and spots all over, though they are only faintly visible. White patches can be seen on the throat, near the head and the chest. A pair of inguinal scent glands are present. The coats of males darken with age, becoming gray to dark brown. Males develop a rough and scraggy mane, usually brown in colour, and a white dorsal stripe. There is a chevron between the eyes of the males. The body and legs of this antelope are specially adapted to its swampy habitat.
Sitatunga | Description
Allodamaeus ewingi is a species of oribatid in the family Plateremaeidae.
Allodamaeus ewingi | Introduction
The tribe Tragelaphini (sometimes referred to by some authors as "Strepsicerotini"), or the spiral-horned antelopes, are bovines that are endemic to sub-Sahara Africa. These include the bushbuck, kudus, and the elands. The scientific name is in reference to the mythical creature the tragelaph, a Chimera with the body of a stag and the head of a goat. They are medium-to-large, tall, long-legged antelopes characterized by their iconic twisted horns and striking pelage coloration patterns (most common is the distinctive white, vertical barring). Despite being among the largest species of antelope, they are actually more closely related to cattle ("Bos taurus"), and together along with a few apparent Asiatic species belong to the subfamily Bovinae.
Tragelaphini | Introduction
The roan antelope shares the genus "Hippotragus" with the extinct bluebuck ("H. leucophaeus") and the sable antelope ("H. niger"), and is a member of the family Bovidae. It was first described by French naturalist Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire in 1803. The specific epithet "equinus" derives from the Latin "equus" ("horse-like"), referring to the horse-like appearance of this antelope. In 1996, an analysis of mitochondrial DNA extracted from a mounted specimen of the bluebuck that it was outside the clade containing the roan and sable antelopes. The study therefore concluded that the bluebuck is a distinct species, and not merely a subspecies of the roan antelope.
Roan antelope | Taxonomy and evolution
The red hartebeest ("Alcelaphus buselaphus caama" or "A. caama") is a species of even-toed ungulate in the family Bovidae found in Southern Africa. More than 130,000 individuals live in the wild. The red hartebeest is closely related to the tsessebe and the topi. "Alcelaphus buselaphus caama" is a large African antelope of the family Bovidae, one of ten subspecies; it is sometimes treated as a separate species, "A. caama". Commonly known as the red hartebeest, it is the most colorful hartebeest, with black markings contrasting against its white abdomen and behind. It has a longer face that other subspecies, with complex curving horns joined at the base.
Red hartebeest | Introduction
In the early 1900s, "antelope" was a very broad, ambiguous name given to most hollow-horned ruminants besides oxen, sheep, and goats. Of these antelopes found in Africa, Asia, and Europe, Africa has the most diverse populations of antelopes, with horn lengths ranging from six feet long, to a quarter of an inch. "A. b. caama", from the family Bovidae, used to be categorized as the subfamily of Bubalinae, but are now classified under the subfamily Alcelaphini. This youngest of all African bovid subfamilies dates back 5 million years ago, and has exhibited great diversification. The oldest fossil of "Alcelaphus" has been dated to 740,000 years ago.
Red hartebeest | Evolutionary history
Fringe-eared oryxes are relatively muscular antelopes with short, slender legs. Adults are in head-body length, with a tail long, and stand tall at the shoulder. Males are heavier, weighing , compared with for females, but the two sexes are otherwise difficult to distinguish. The hair is fawn-coloured across almost the entire body, with a black stripe down the flanks. There are also black bands on the front and side of the face, and down the throat, while the muzzle is white. There is a short mane of brownish hair, as well as tufts of black hair above the hooves, at the end of the tail, and on the ears.
Fringe-eared oryx | Description
The subfamily Caprinae is part of the ruminant family Bovidae, and consists of mostly medium-sized bovids. A member of this subfamily is called a caprine, or, more informally, a goat-antelope; however, this term "goat-antelope" does not mean that these animals are true antelopes: a true antelope is a bovid with a cervid-like or antilocaprid-like morphology. Within this subfamily Caprinae, a prominent tribe, Caprini, includes sheep and goats. Some earlier taxonomies considered Caprinae a separate family called Capridae (whence a caprid), but now it is usually considered a subfamily within the family Bovidae, whence a caprine is a kind of bovid.
Caprinae | Introduction
The bohor reedbuck ("Redunca redunca") is an antelope native to central Africa. The animal is placed under the genus "Redunca" and in the family Bovidae. It was first described by German zoologist and botanist Peter Simon Pallas in 1767. The bohor reedbuck has five subspecies. The head-and-body length of this medium-sized antelope is typically between . Males reach approximately at the shoulder, while females reach . Males typically weigh and females . This sturdily built antelope has a yellow to grayish brown coat. Only the males possess horns which measure about long. A herbivore, the bohor reedbuck prefers grasses and tender reed shoots with high protein and low fiber content.
Bohor reedbuck | Introduction
The western hartebeest ("Alcelaphus buselaphus major") is an antelope native to the medium to tall grassland plains of Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, and Togo. It is possibly extirpated from Gambia. Average adults stand tall at the shoulder and weigh . A western hartebeest's coat is fawn-colored, ranging from tan to dark brown. It has a small hump at the front shoulders. It has slim legs and a very narrow face. Both sexes are horned. Horns may be long. Considerable variation in horn growth occurs, but they generally grow sideways out from the head, before curving forward, then inward and backward.
Western hartebeest | Introduction
The short, smooth coat is brown to amber. The ventral parts are yellow to white, while the neck and the mane are grey to black. The sable antelope is notably darker; it has a brownish-black coat.
Roan antelope | Description
The antelope jackrabbit ("Lepus alleni"), found in Southern Arizona and Northwestern Mexico, is a species of North American hare. Within this range, it occupies dry desert areas. This species is placed in family Leporidae, which is within order Lagomorpha. Male and female antelope jackrabbits are identical in appearance. This species is large in size with long, pointed ears and a distinct coat coloration. The antelope jackrabbit has a white belly, light grey sides, a back peppered with black, and orange coloration on the neck and chest. It is similar to species like the black-tailed jackrabbit and white-sided jackrabbit. It is most active during twilight (crepuscular) and during the night (nocturnal), but can be active during the day when conditions are favorable (heavy cloud coverage).
Antelope jackrabbit | Introduction
Gazelle and springbok are known for their speed and leaping abilities. Even larger antelope, such as nilgai, elands, and kudus, are capable of jumping or greater, although their running speed is restricted by their greater mass. Antelope have a wide variety of coverings, though most have a dense coat of short fur. In most species, the coat (pelage) is some variation of a brown colour (or several shades of brown), often with white or pale underbodies. Exceptions include the zebra-marked zebra duiker, the grey, black, and white Jentink's duiker, and the black lechwe. Most of the "spiral-horned" antelopes have pale, vertical stripes on their backs.
Antelope | Morphology
The scientific name of the suni is "Neotragus moschatus". It is placed in the genus "Neotragus" - along with (formerly) Bates's pygmy antelope ("Neotragus batesi") and the royal antelope ("Neotragus pygmaeus") - and in the family Bovidae. The common name "suni" is the name for this antelope in southeastern Africa. Four subspecies are identified, though these are sometimes considered to be independent species:
Suni | Taxonomy and etymology
A grazing antelope is any of the species of antelope that make up the subfamily Hippotraginae of the family Bovidae. As grazers, rather than browsers, the "Hippo" in Hippotraginae refers to the slightly horse-like characteristics of body size and proportions: long legs and a solid body with a relatively thick muscular neck.
Grazing antelope | Introduction
The red-flanked duiker is one of the smallest species of antelope, growing to a height of about with a weight of around . The head and body are blackish-grey near the spine gradually blending into a reddish-brown colour on the neck and flanks. There are small white markings on the ears and snout and a dark streak runs along the centre of the face. A tuft of black hairs grows between the horns and further coarse dark hairs grow along the top of the neck. The legs are bluish-grey. The sexes are in general similar in appearance but males have short backward-pointing horns up to long.
Red-flanked duiker | Description
The topi ("Damaliscus lunatus jimela") is a subspecies of the common tsessebe. It is a highly social and fast type of antelope found in the savannas, semi-deserts, and floodplains of sub-Saharan Africa.
Topi | Introduction
The nose may have a pale smudge. "A. m. marsupialis" is a rich chestnut brown, with thin, light face stripes. The stripe near the rump is well-marked, and that on the flanks is deep brown. The forehead is brown, fawn, or white, the patch not extending beyond the eyes and having no sharp boundaries. The nose is white or marked with brown. The skin along the middle of the dorsal side is folded in, and covered with white hair erected by arrector pili muscles (located between hair follicles). This white hair is almost fully concealed by the surrounding brown hairs until the fold opens up, and this is a major feature distinguishing this antelope from gazelles.
Springbok | Description
The genus has previously been classified in the subfamily Aventiinae within Erebidae or in the subfamily Acontiinae of the family Noctuidae.
Oruza | Taxonomy
Oribatulidae is a family of mites and ticks in the order Sarcoptiformes. There are about 19 genera and at least 200 described species in Oribatulidae.
Oribatulidae | Introduction
The limbs are short and stocky. White markings are seen in the hooves and the inner lower forelegs. These markings are similar to that of the anoa ("Bubalus depressicornis"). The face is the same color as that of the body. Most of the members of the species also have a pair of gray-white strips that begins from the inner corner of the eye to the horns. The nose and lips have black skin. The ears are long from notch to tip with white markings on the insides. Both sexes grows short black horns in a V-shaped manner compared to C-shaped horns of "Bubalus bubalis".
Tamaraw | Anatomy and morphology
The gerenuk is a notably tall, slender antelope that resembles gazelles. It is characterised by its long, slender neck and limbs, the flat, wedge-like head and the large, round eyes. Males are nearly tall, and the shorter females ; the head-and-body length is typically between . Males weigh between ; females are lighter, weighing . The species is sexually dimorphic. The tail, that ends in a black tuft, measures . Two types of colouration are clearly visible on the smooth coat: the reddish brown dorsal parts (the back or the "saddle"), and the lighter flanks, fawn to buff. The underbelly and insides of the legs are cream in colour.
Gerenuk | Description
The blackbuck ("Antilope cervicapra"), also known as the Indian antelope, is an antelope found in India, Nepal, and Pakistan. The blackbuck is the sole extant member of the genus "Antilope". The species was described and given its binomial name by Swedish zoologist Carl Linnaeus in 1758. Two subspecies are recognized. It stands up to high at the shoulder. Males weigh , an average of . Females are lighter, weighing or on average. The long, ringed horns, long, are generally present only on males, though females may develop horns, as well. The white fur on the chin and around the eyes is in sharp contrast with the black stripes on the face.
Blackbuck | Introduction
Individuals of both colors can be born in the same litter. Blackish brown individuals superficially resemble the tayra ("Eira barbara"), but the latter can be told apart by the clear, yellowish patch on the throat. The red morph is seen more often in dry, open areas. Melanistic individuals have been reported, but the coat is not completely black; the head and the throat are clearly paler than the rest of the body. The ears, long, are widely spaced and, unlike many other felids, lack white spots on the back. The jaguarundi has a total of 30 teeth; the dental formula is .
Jaguarundi | Physical characteristics
Though traditionally classified as a mammal by trait-based taxonomy, it is outside the crown group containing all true mammals.
Adelobasileus | Introduction
The four-horned antelope is the sole member of the genus "Tetracerus", and is placed under the family Bovidae. The species was first described by French zoologist Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville in 1816. The four-horned antelope has only one other relative in the tribe Boselaphini, the nilgai ("Boselaphus tragocamelus"). The Boselaphini have horns with a keel on the front and lack rings as found in other antelope groups. The authority for "Tetracerus" is variously indicated according to interpretations of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. The name was first published in an 1825 publication by English naturalist Thomas Hardwicke but cited the English zoologist William Elford Leach – probably by an editor – as the authority in a footnote at the end of the publication.
Four-horned antelope | Taxonomy and phylogeny
Oribotritia is a genus of mites in the family Oribotritiidae.
Oribotritia | Introduction
Males may guard their offspring from predators and keep away other males. Weaning takes place at four to five months. The oribi lives for 8 to 12 years in the wild, and for 12 to 14 years in captivity.
Oribi | Reproduction
The clypeus, chelicerae, and endites are orange, and the sternum and labium are red. The legs are light brown with darker segments on the distal end. The tibiae and femora have dark rings in the middle. The abdomen is dark brown with a dorsal medium band containing black spots.
Anelosimus jabaquara | Description
However, in southern populations, females have a brown to black coat. Calves less than two months old are a light tan and show faint markings. The underparts, cheek, and chin are all white, creating a great contrast with the dark back and flanks. Long, white hairs are present below the eyes, and a wide, black stripe runs over the nose. Both sexes have ringed horns which arch backwards. In females, these can reach , while in males they are long. The average lifespan of the sable antelope is 19 years in the wild and 22 years in captivity.
Sable antelope | Physical description
moschatus") and Bates's pygmy antelope ("N. batesi"). The latter two are closely related, while the royal antelope is likely to have had an ancestor in common with the klipspringer and duikers (subfamily Cephalophinae).
Royal antelope | Taxonomy and etymology
It can also be distinguished from its close relatives by its plain unmarked body, lacking stripes.
Laubuka latens | Introduction
The roan antelope is a large antelope with a horse-like build. It is the largest antelope in the genus "Hippotragus". The roan antelope stands at the shoulder, and weighs . The head-and-body length is typically between . The dark tail, terminating in a black tuft, measures . Characteristic features include a short and erect mane of greyish brown hair extending from the back of the neck along the midline of the back up to the rump, white patches around the eyes and the mouth on the otherwise black face, and long, narrow ears with long tufts. The long legs are supported by large hooves.
Roan antelope | Description
Suni ("Neotragus moschatus") is a small species of antelope. Suni can also refer to:
Suni (disambiguation) | Introduction
These three genera belong to the tribe Oritocatopini:
Oritocatopini | Genera
As a member of the superfamily Giraffoidea, the pronghorn's closest living relatives are the giraffes and okapi. The Giraffoidea are in turn members of the infraorder Pecora, making pronghorns more distant relatives of the Cervidae (deer) and Bovidae (cattle, goats, sheep, antelopes, and gazelles), among others.
Pronghorn | Introduction
callotis (white-sided jackrabbit), L. alleni (antelope jackrabbit), and L. flavigularis (Tehuantepec jackrabbit). Based on this evidence, researchers also concluded that the black-tailed jackrabbit, though closely related to white-sided jackrabbits, exists in its own separate subclade.
Antelope jackrabbit | Evolutionary history
The Arabian oryx or white oryx ("Oryx leucoryx") is a medium-sized antelope with a distinct shoulder bump, long, straight horns, and a tufted tail. It is a bovid, and the smallest member of the genus "Oryx", native to desert and steppe areas of the Arabian Peninsula. The Arabian oryx was extinct in the wild by the early 1970s, but was saved in zoos and private preserves, and was reintroduced into the wild starting in 1980. In 1986, the Arabian oryx was classified as endangered on the IUCN Red List, and in 2011, it was the first animal to revert to vulnerable status after previously being listed as extinct in the wild.
Arabian oryx | Introduction
The okapi is a medium-sized giraffid, standing tall at the shoulder. Its average body length is about and its weight ranges from . It has a long neck, and large and flexible ears. The coat is a chocolate to reddish brown, much in contrast with the white horizontal stripes and rings on the legs and white ankles. The striking stripes make it resemble a zebra. These features serve as an effective camouflage amidst dense vegetation. The face, throat, and chest are greyish white. Interdigital glands are present on all four feet, and are slightly larger on the front feet. Male okapis have short, hair-covered horns called ossicones, less than in length.
Okapi | Characteristics
Boselaphini is a tribe of antelopes belonging to the subfamily Bovinae of the family Bovidae. It contains only two extant genera.
Boselaphini | Introduction
Ornipholidotos ntebi is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Uganda, western Kenya, north-western Tanzania and the north-eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The habitat consists of forests. Adults mimic day-flying arctiid moths.
Ornipholidotos ntebi | Introduction
Ogilby's duiker ("Cephalophus ogilbyi") is a small antelope found in Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ghana, southeastern Nigeria, Bioko Island and possibly Gabon. No subspecies are recognized. The two former subspecies, the white-legged duiker "Cephalophus crusalbum" and the Brooke's duiker "Cephalophus brookei", are considered as distinct species since 2011. Ogilby's duikers weigh up to and have a shoulder height of up to . They vary in color from chestnut to mahogany to deep brown, and have massive hindquarters typical of duikers.
Ogilby's duiker | Introduction
The scimitar oryx ("Oryx dammah"), also known as the scimitar-horned oryx and the Sahara oryx, is a species of "Oryx" that was once widespread across North Africa. The species went extinct in the wild in 2000, but a group was released into an acclimation enclosure within the Ouadi Rimé-Ouadi Achim Faunal Reserve in 2016, then reintroduced back into the wild. Twenty-one additional animals were placed in the acclimation enclosure in 2017. The scimitar oryx has a long taxonomic history since its scientific description in 1816 by Lorenz Oken, who named it "Oryx algazel". This antelope stands a little more than at the shoulder.
Scimitar oryx | Introduction
These 19 families belong to the superfamily Oripodoidea:
Oripodoidea | Families
Oraphanes binotatum is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, the only species in the genus Oraphanes.
Oraphanes | Introduction
Oribatomyia is a genus of flies belonging to the family Lesser Dung flies.
Oribatomyia | Introduction
The Ruwenzori duiker or Ruwenzori red duiker ("Cephalophus rubidus") is a stocky but small antelope found only in the Ruwenzori Mountains between Uganda and, probably, the Democratic Republic of Congo. They may be a subspecies of the black-fronted duiker or the red-flanked duiker. The Ruwenzori duiker weighs about 15 kg (33 lb) and has a shoulder height of about . They have rufous coats, lighter on their underbellies and darker on their backs. Their short, prong-like horns are about 8 cm long. They are found in subalpine zones above 3,000 meters, where they eat herbs. They are diurnal.
Ruwenzori duiker | Introduction
Imbabala stand about at the shoulder and weigh from (depending on sex). They have a light brown coat, with up to seven white stripes and white splotches on the sides. The white patches are usually geometrically shaped and on the most mobile parts of their body such as the ears, chin, tail, legs and neck. The muzzle is also white and horns are found only on the males and they can reach over half a metre with only one twist. At 10 months old, young males sprout horns that are particularly twisted and at maturity form the first loop of a spiral.
Cape bushbuck | Description
The bird has distinct coloration and body features, namely lack of a white eye-ring; longer toes, wing and tail, and the pointed shape of the rectrices (part of the tail). A 2015 DNA analysis indicates the species is more closely related to the pipits than the white-eyes, and some taxonomic authorities now tend to regard it as being a member of the family Motacillidae within the clade containing pipits in the genus "Anthus".
Madanga | Introduction
Compsibidion orpa is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by White in 1855.
Compsibidion orpa | Introduction
Antilopini is a tribe of medium-sized gazelles and dwarf antelopes that live in and around the Sahara, Horn of Africa, and Eurasia. The females have very short horns compared with the males, and they have smooth and glossy tan and white coats. Most species have black stripes and facial markings. They have a territorial male as a leader in herds and sometimes group with other species, such as Grant's gazelle joining with Thomson's gazelle. They top speeds of 50 mph and have the ability to jump and turn sharply. They have adapted well to running in open environments.
Antilopini | Introduction
Rupicapra is a genus of goat-antelope called the chamois. They belong to the bovine family of hoofed mammals, the Bovidae. Two extant species are recognized. A 2014 study by Durham University discovered that these goats are shrinking in size due to global warming and climatic changes.
Rupicapra | Introduction
Orya barbarica is a species of centipedes belonging to the family Oryidae. This North African species may reach a length of .
Orya barbarica | Introduction
It was a small to middle-sized antelope, with body mass estimates ranging from 32 kg to 84 kg, with an average value of 54 kg. Both sexes had horns, which were subtriangular at base and ranged from 6cm to 9cm in length.
Duboisia santeng | Description
Both sexes become sexually mature at 10 to 14 months. A seasonal breeder, the time when mating occurs varies geographically. Mating may peak in the rainy season (August to September). When a female enters oestrus (which lasts for four to six days), it seeks the company of males. During courtship, the male will pursue the female, test her urine to check if she is in oestrus and lick her rump and flanks. Gestation lasts for six to seven months, following which a single calf is born; births peak from November to December in southern Africa. The newborn is kept in concealment for nearly a month; the mother pays regular visits to her calf to suckle it for nearly half an hour.
Oribi | Reproduction
The dibatag ("Ammodorcas clarkei"), or Clarke's gazelle, is a medium-sized slender antelope native to Ethiopia and Somalia. Though not a true gazelle, it is similarly marked, with long legs and neck. It is often confused with the gerenuk due to their striking resemblance. The typical head-and-body length is about . They stand up to about . Male dibatag weigh between , whereas females range from . The length of the curved horns, present only on males, is typically between . The upper parts are gray to fawn, while the dorsal and lateral areas are cinnamon to rufous (reddish brown). The underparts, rump and the insides of the legs are all white.
Dibatag | Introduction
The dibatag is a medium-sized antelope with a slim body and long neck and legs. The typical head-and-body length is about . It stands up to about at the shoulder. The male weighs between , whereas the female ranges from . The long dark tail ends in a rounded but indistinct tassel. The tail is nearly long. The curved horns, resembling those of reedbuck, are present only on males, with the pointing tips facing forward. The length of horns is typically between , though Rowland Ward recorded a length of from Somalia. This antelope is sexually dimorphic, because females tend to be smaller than males and lack horns.
Dibatag | Description
The upperparts are gray-brown and the underparts are grayish, not buffy as in "O. couesi". The tail is only slightly darker above than below. All three specimens were caught near water and the species may be semiaquatic, spending some time in the water. Its conservation status is currently assessed as "Least Concern".
Oryzomys dimidiatus | Introduction
"Oryzomys nelsoni" was a large and long-tailed "Oryzomys"; its tail was longer than that of any other western Mexican "Oryzomys". The upperparts were ochraceous to buff, most richly so on the rump, and paler further to the front and low on the flanks. On the head and the back, blackish hairs somewhat darkened the overall color. The underparts were white, with lead-colored underfur that was visible in some places. The ears were covered on both sides with scanty grayish hairs. The large hindfeet were sparsely covered with pale hairs. The tail was largely dark, but the underside of the basal one third to one half was light yellow.
Oryzomys nelsoni | Description
The chamois (along with sheep and goats) are in the goat-antelope subfamily (Caprinae) of the family Bovidae. There are two species of chamois in the genus "Rupicapra": The species "R. rupicapra" is categorized into seven subspecies:
Chamois | Taxonomy
The bluebuck (Afrikaans: bloubok ) or blue antelope ("Hippotragus leucophaeus") is an extinct species of antelope that lived in South Africa until around 1800. It is congeneric with the roan antelope and sable antelope (belonging in the genus "Hippotragus"), but was smaller than either. It was sometimes considered a subspecies of the roan antelope, but a genetic study has confirmed it as a distinct species. The largest mounted bluebuck specimen is tall at the withers. Its horns measure along the curve. The coat was a uniform bluish-grey, with a pale whitish belly. The forehead was brown, darker than the face.
Bluebuck | Introduction
The smooth coat is marked with 10–15 vertical white-yellow stripes, spread along the back from the base of the neck to the rump. The number of stripes on each side is rarely the same. It also has a short, bristly, brown ridge of dorsal hair from the shoulder to the rump; the white stripes run into this ridge. A white chevron appears between the eyes, and two large white spots grace each cheek. Another white chevron occurs where the neck meets the chest. The large ears are to sharpen hearing, and the distinctive coloration may help bongos identify one another in their dark forest habitats.
Bongo (antelope) | Coat and body
The oribi has been classified as Least Concern by the IUCN. The total population (as of 2008) is estimated at 750,000. However, the subspecies "O. o. haggardi" is listed as Vulnerable because, as of 2008, the total population is estimated at less than 10,000 mature individuals, and is feared to be declining. Hunting is a relatively minor threat, since the oribi shows some tolerance to hunting. Nevertheless, the steep fall of 92% in oribi populations in Comoé National Park (Côte d'Ivoire) has been attributed to poaching. Numbers have also declined due to agricultural expansion and competition from livestock. The oribi occurs in a number of protected areas throughout its range, such as: Gashaka Gumti National Park in Nigeria, the Pendjari and W National Parks (Benin); Aouk Hunting Zone (Chad); Benoue, Bouba Njida and Faro National Parks (Cameroon); Manovo-Gounda St.
Oribi | Threats and conservation