Dubrovnik (; historically Ragusa) is a city on the Adriatic Sea in southern Croatia. It is one of the most prominent tourist destinations in the Mediterranean Sea, a seaport and the centre of Dubrovnik-Neretva County. Its total population is 42,615 (census 2011). In 1979, the city of Dubrovnik joined the UNESCO list of World Heritage sites. The history of the city probably dates back to the 7th century, when the town known as "Ragusa" was founded by refugees from Epidaurum ("Ragusa Vecchia"). It was under the protection of the Byzantine Empire and later under the sovereignty of Republic of Venice.
Introduction
Dubrovnik
Dubrovnik | Introduction
Croatia Croatia Croatia Southern Croatia
which cities in croatia are famous for their protective walls and forts
user
Dubrovnik
assistant
in which country is this state located in ?
user
Sorry. I cannot find the answer based on the context.
assistant
which country is this city located in ?
user
Dubrovnik is a city in Croatia. Dubrovnik may also refer to:
Dubrovnik (disambiguation) | Introduction
During most of the 19th and 20th centuries, Dubrovnik was a part of the Austrian Empire, Austria-Hungary and Yugoslavia.
Dubrovnik | Introduction
Dubrovnik (; historically Ragusa) is a city on the Adriatic Sea in southern Croatia. It is one of the most prominent tourist destinations in the Mediterranean Sea, a seaport and the centre of Dubrovnik-Neretva County. Its total population is 42,615 (census 2011). In 1979, the city of Dubrovnik joined the UNESCO list of World Heritage sites. The history of the city probably dates back to the 7th century, when the town known as "Ragusa" was founded by refugees from Epidaurum ("Ragusa Vecchia"). It was under the protection of the Byzantine Empire and later under the sovereignty of Republic of Venice.
Dubrovnik | Introduction
Dubrovnik is the southernmost major Croatian city. It is located on the Adriatic Sea coast. The walled city centre, known as the Old Town, is a site of historical monuments and heritage buildings largely dating to the Republic of Ragusa; the city has been placed on the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. In 1991, the city had a population of approximately 50,000, of whom 82.4% were Croats and 6.8% were Serbs. Croatian territory surrounding the city stretches from the Pelješac peninsula to the west and the Prevlaka peninsula in the east at the entrance to the Bay of Kotor on the border with Montenegro.
Siege of Dubrovnik | Background
The municipality lies at an altitude of 419 metres and covers an area of 17.156 km². It has a population of about 1475 people.
Dubovica | Geography
The Dubrovnik Republic () was a Serb proto-state during the Siege of Dubrovnik in the Croatian War of Independence, self proclaimed by the Yugoslav People's Army on 15 October 1991, in occupied areas of Croatia, after being captured by members of 2nd Corps of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA). Its provisional president was Aleksandar Aco Apolonio. The proclaimed territory did not correspond to the pre-1808 Republic of Ragusa borders, stretching from Neum (Bosnia and Herzegovina's only coastal town) to Prevlaka (on Croatia's maritime border with Montenegro), and only existed in the occupied villages Cavtat and Konavle. The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) during the trial of Serbian President Slobodan Milošević, identified the Dubrovnik Republic as being part of several regions in Croatia that Milošević sought to be incorporated into a "Serb-dominated state".
Dubrovnik Republic (1991) | Introduction
The municipality lies at an altitude of 158 metres and covers an area of 11.337 km². It has a population of about 935 people.
Dubovany | Geography
It is located 22 km from Kirgiz-Miyaki, 7 km from Bolshiye Karkaly.
Dubrovka, Miyakinsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan | Geography
An ideal combination would have a fresh water source in the vicinity. Dubrovnik had both, being halfway between the Greek settlements of Budva and Korčula, which are apart.
Republic of Ragusa | Origin of the city
The municipality lies at an altitude of 207 metres and covers an area of 8.459 km². It has a population of about 675 people.
Dubovce | Geography
The municipality lies at an altitude of 330 metres and covers an area of 12.546 km². It has a population of about 226 people.
Dubová, Svidník District | Geography
countries on the basis of published original material and literature (with an appendix on the history of the free state of Dubrovnik). The work first appeared as the third volume of the History of the Kingdom of Hungary and Related States ("Geschichte des Reichs Hungarn und der damit verbundenen Staaten") in the synthetic series General History of the World ("Allgemeine Weltgeschichte") and was later published under the title History of the Kingdoms of Dalmatia, Croatia and Slavonia. Serbia, Raška, Bosnia, Rama and the free state of Dubrovnik (History of the "Königreiche Dalmatien, Kroatien, Szlavonien, Servien, Raszien, Bosnien, Rama und des Freystaats Ragusa," 1805).
Ludwig Albrecht Gebhardi | Biography
The village lies at an altitude of 146 metres and covers an area of 41.006 km². It has a population of about 1,765 people.
Dubník | Geography
The municipality lies at an altitude of 245 metres and covers an area of 8.109 km². It has a population of about 72 people.
Dubnička | Geography
Communist leadership during the next several years continued political prosecutions, which culminated on 12 April 1947 with the capture and imprisonment of more than 90 citizens of Dubrovnik. Under communism Dubrovnik became part of the Socialist Republic of Croatia and Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. After the second world war, the city started to attract crowds of tourists - even more after 1979, when the city joined the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites. The growth of tourism also led to the decision to demilitarise the Old Town of Dubrovnik. The income from tourism was pivotal in the post-war development of the city, including its airport.
Dubrovnik | Yugoslav period (1918–1991)
The ICTY stated that the JNA's campaign in the Dubrovnik region was aimed at securing territory for this entity.
Dubrovnik Republic (1991) | Introduction
The channel that divided the city was filled, creating the present-day main street (the "Stradun") which became the city centre. Thus, "Dubrovnik" became the Croatian name for the united town. There are recent theories based on excavations that the city was established much earlier, at least in the 5th century and possibly during the Ancient Greek period (as per Antun Ničetić, in his book "Povijest dubrovačke luke"). The key element in this theory is the fact that ships in ancient time traveled about 45 to 50 nautical miles per day, and mariners required a sandy shore to pull their ships out of the water for the rest period during the night.
Republic of Ragusa | Origin of the city
This is a list of notable people who were born or have lived in the Croatian city of Dubrovnik, ordered by century of birth and alphabetically. This includes people born in the Republic of Ragusa (1358–1808), a maritime republic corresponding to the present-day city and its surrounding area.
List of people from Dubrovnik | Introduction
This territory is very narrow, especially near Dubrovnik itself, and consists of a wide coastal strip of land.
Siege of Dubrovnik | Background
Roman survivors retreated to more favourable sites on the coast, islands and mountains. The city of Dubrovnik was founded by such survivors from Epidaurum.
Croatia | Antiquity
With the fall of Austria–Hungary in 1918, the city was incorporated into the new Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (later the Kingdom of Yugoslavia). Dubrovnik became one of the 33 oblasts of the Kingdom. When in 1929 Yugoslavia was divided among 9 Banovina, the city became part of the Zeta Banovina. In 1939 Dubrovnik became part of the newly created Banovina of Croatia. During World War II, Dubrovnik became part of the Nazi-puppet Independent State of Croatia, occupied by the Italian army first, and by the German army after 8 September 1943. In October 1944 Yugoslav Partisans occupied Dubrovnik, arresting more than 300 citizens and executing 53 without trial; this event came to be known, after the small island on which it occurred, as the Daksa Massacre.
Dubrovnik | Yugoslav period (1918–1991)
The municipality lies at an altitude of 668 metres and covers an area of 3.426 km². It has a population of about 200 people.
Bobrovček | Geography
The total population of the city is 42,615 (census 2011), in the following settlements: The population was 42,615 in 2011, down from 49,728 in 1991 In the 2011 census, 90.34% of the population identified as Croat.
Dubrovnik | Demographics
It is located 18 km from Tolbazy, 5 km from Novofyodorovka.
Dubrovka, Aurgazinsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan | Geography
It is located 16 km from Bakaly, 2.5 km from Starye Maty.
Dubrovka, Bakalinsky District, Republic of Bashkortostan | Geography
The village is located 6 km north-west from Berezniki, 12 km south from Sobinka.
Dubrovo, Sobinsky District, Vladimir Oblast | Geography
Following the 1815 Congress of Vienna, the city was annexed by Austria and remained part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the conclusion of the First World War. From 1918 to 1939 Dubrovnik was part of the Zetska Banovina District that established its Croatian connections. From 1945 to 1990 Croatia would become part of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. One of the most striking features of the historic city of Dubrovnik, and that which gives its characteristic appearance are its intact medieval fortifications. Its historic city walls run uninterrupted encircling the Old-City. This complex structure of fortification is one of the most complete depictions of medieval construction in the Mediterranean, consisting of a series of forts, bastions, casemates, towers and detached forts.
Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict | Siege of Dubrovnik and the Mostar Bridge
Prior to the war there was a sugar factory operating as well. The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2018):
Dubica, Bosnia-Herzegovina | Economy
It is located 30 km from Ufa, 8 km from Taptykovo.
Dubrava, Republic of Bashkortostan | Geography
The settlement is located on the Katun River, west from Gorno-Altaysk.
Dubrovka, Altai Republic | Geography
The municipality lies at an altitude of 636 metres and covers an area of 23.217 km². It has a population of about 1300 people.
Dúbrava, Liptovský Mikuláš District | Geography
However, the Serbian leadership did desire the incorporation of Dubrovnik into a pan-Serb state, as demonstrated in the diary of Borisav Jović and intercepted communications within Serbian President Slobodan Milošević's inner circle, with the Adriatic border of the pan-Serb state with Croatia being set at the port of Ploče. The Serbian and Montenegrin leadership during the Siege of Dubrovnik had plans to annex Dubrovnik along with the "coastal regions of Croatia between the town of Neum, Bosnia and Herzegovina, in the north-west and the Montenegrin border in the south-east" into Montenegro. As for Ploče, it was decided in November 1991 that the town was to become a territory of Serb-controlled areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina (prior to the Republika Srpska being formed in 1992).
Dubrovnik Republic (1991) | History
The city will host the 2025 World Men's Handball Championship at the new arena, along with the countries Denmark and Norway.
Dubrovnik | Sports
As of 2010, one rural locality in the Republic of Tatarstan bears this name:
Dubrovka (inhabited locality) | Republic of Tatarstan
The municipality lies at an altitude of 568 metres and covers an area of 6.780 km². It has a population of about 143 people.
Bobrovník | Geography
Dubrovčan is a village in Croatia. It is connected by the D205 highway.
Dubrovčan | Introduction
Dubočani may refer to the following places in Bosnia and Herzegovina:
Dubočani | Introduction
The municipality lies at an altitude of 265 metres and covers an area of 9.478 km². It has a population of about 275 people. The name of the village means an oak grove.
Dúbrava, Snina District | Geography
Dubrava () is a village situated in Knić municipality in Serbia.
Dubrava (Knić) | Introduction
Dubravec is a village in Croatia.
Dubravec | Introduction
As of the 2011 census, the county had 122,568 residents. The population density is 69 people per km. Ethnic Croats form the majority with 94.4% of the population, followed by Serbs at 1.7%.
Dubrovnik-Neretva County | Demographics
The higher education in Dubrovnik has gone through various phases, with their ups and downs. However, there always remained a strong wish to preserve the identity of the City in this field as well.
University of Dubrovnik | History
As the Kingdom of Yugoslavia became the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia with the success of the Yugoslav Partisans, a new Federal State of Croatia was established within it, succeeding the Banovina.
Banovina of Croatia | History
The village is located 11 km north from Velikodvorsky, 45 km south from Gus-Khrustalny.
Dubrovsky, Vladimir Oblast | Geography
Dubník () is a municipality and village in the Nové Zámky District in the Nitra Region of south-west Slovakia.
Dubník | Introduction
The university has four classrooms and several offices for staff and professors located on a one floor of a wing of an ancient monastery.
Dubrovnik International University | Facilities
The municipality lies at an altitude of 620 metres and covers an area of 9.603 km². It has a population of about 365 people.
Dúbrava, Levoča District | Geography
The records for genealogical research are available at the state archive "Statny Archiv in Nitra, Slovakia"
Dubník | Genealogical resources
Hrvatska Dubica is a village and a municipality in central Croatia in the Sisak-Moslavina County. It is located on the northern bank of the river Una, east of Hrvatska Kostajnica and southwest of Jasenovac and Novska. The town of Bosanska Dubica lies to the south of the municipality, in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Hrvatska Dubica is underdeveloped municipality which is statistically classified as the First Category Area of Special State Concern by the Government of Croatia.
Hrvatska Dubica | Introduction
The University of Dubrovnik (, ) is a university located in Dubrovnik, Croatia. It has its roots in various successive institutions dedicated to the teaching of maritime engineering and naval architecture. In 1996, in recognition of the city's maritime traditions, the Polytechnic was established and was later given full university status in 2003. The University has since diversified its courses but the maritime sciences remains its traditional strength.
University of Dubrovnik | Introduction
The municipality lies at an altitude of 400 metres and covers an area of km². It has a population of about 555 people.
Kurov | Geography
On 1 December the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Yugoslavia) was formed in Belgrade by union of this new state with Serbia and Montenegro.
Adriatic Question | Background
Dubrovnik is twinned with:
Dubrovnik | Twin towns - sister cities
Dubrovnik Archive or National Archive in Dubrovnik () is the national archive in Dubrovnik, Croatia. It holds materials created by the civil service in the Republic of Ragusa, i.e. notary and secretarial services from the 13th century, and after the fall of the Republic in 1808 documents created by the offices and institutions in the city of Dubrovnik during the French, Habsburg, Yugoslav and Croatian reign. The archive is important because the Republic of Ragusa had trade and political ties with all of the countries on the Mediterranean Sea and the interior of the southeastern part of the European continent; moreover, the documents and written records from that period represent very valuable historical material for the study of Croatian and Ragusan history, as well as the history of neighboring countries.
Dubrovnik Archive | Introduction
As of 2010, five rural localities in the Republic of Bashkortostan bear this name:
Dubrovka (inhabited locality) | Republic of Bashkortostan
The population is about 65% Hungarian and 35% Slovak.
Dubník | Ethnicity
Kozarska Dubica (), is a town and municipality located in northern Republika Srpska, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. As of 2013, it has a population of 21,542 inhabitants, while the town of Kozarska Dubica has a population of 11,566 inhabitants.
Dubica, Bosnia-Herzegovina | Introduction
As of 2010, two rural localities in the Udmurt Republic bear this name:
Dubrovka (inhabited locality) | Udmurt Republic
The village is located 37 km south-east from Belogorsk and 12 km south-east from Amurskoye.
Dubrovka, Amur Oblast | Geography
Dubrava Križovljanska is a village in Croatia, near the border with Slovenia. It is connected by the D2 highway.
Dubrava Križovljanska | Introduction
Because the area around the city is disconnected from the rest of Croatian territory, the highway will either cross the Pelješac Bridge whose construction is in preparation as of 2018, or run through Neum in Bosnia and Herzegovina and continue to Dubrovnik.
Dubrovnik | Transport
As of 2010, one rural locality in Amur Oblast bears this name:
Dubrovka (inhabited locality) | Amur Oblast
Croatia is located in Central and Southeast Europe, on the coast of the Adriatic Sea. It borders Hungary to the northeast, Serbia to the east, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro to the southeast, and Slovenia to the northwest. It lies mostly between latitudes 42° and 47° N and longitudes 13° and 20° E. Part of the territory in the extreme south surrounding Dubrovnik is a practical exclave connected to the rest of the mainland by territorial waters, but separated on land by a short coastline strip belonging to Bosnia and Herzegovina around Neum. The territory covers , consisting of of land and of water.
Croatia | Geography
The municipality lies at an altitude of 126 metres and covers an area of 10.735 km². It has a population of about 433 people.
Jurová | Geography
It is a protected World Heritage Site, so designated by UNESCO in 1997. Between the 12th and 19th centuries, the city had defensive walls, as the better-known Dubrovnik still does today.
Poreč | Main sights
Between the 14th and 19th centuries, Dubrovnik ruled itself as a free state. The prosperity of the city was historically based on maritime trade; as the capital of the maritime Republic of Ragusa, it achieved a high level of development, particularly during the 15th and 16th centuries, as it became notable for its wealth and skilled diplomacy. At the same time, Dubrovnik became a cradle of Croatian literature. The entire city was almost destroyed when a devastating earthquake hit in 1667. During the Napoleonic Wars, Dubrovnik was occupied by the French Empire forces, and then the Republic of Ragusa was abolished and incorporated into the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy and later into Illyrian Provinces.
Dubrovnik | Introduction
The Dubrovnik-Neretva County (; ) is the southernmost Croatian county, located in south Dalmatia. The county seat is Dubrovnik and other large towns are Korčula, Metković, Opuzen and Ploče. The Municipality of Neum, which belongs to neighbouring Bosnia and Herzegovina, divides the county in two parts. The southern part of the county consists of Dubrovnik and the surrounding area, including the Pelješac peninsula, and the islands of Korčula, Lastovo, Mljet, Šipan, Lopud and Koločep. The northern part of the county includes the Neretva Delta, the Baćina lakes north of Ploče, and a swath of hinterland near the southernmost slopes of Biokovo and around the hill of Rujnica.
Dubrovnik-Neretva County | Introduction
Dubranec is a village in Croatia.
Dubranec | Introduction
Ušanovići is a village in the municipality of Goražde, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Ušanovići | Introduction
The municipality lies at an altitude of 204 metres and covers an area of 11.675 km². It has a population of about 500 people.
Modrová | Geography
It is located 57 km from Beloretsk, 45 km from Inzer.
Dubinino, Republic of Bashkortostan | Geography
In 1991 Croatia and Slovenia, which at that time were republics within Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, declared their independence. At that event, Socialist Republic of Croatia was renamed Republic of Croatia. Despite the demilitarisation of the old town in early 1970s in an attempt to prevent it from ever becoming a casualty of war, following Croatia's independence in 1991 Yugoslavia's Yugoslav People's Army (JNA), by then composed primarily of Serbs, attacked the city. The new Croatian government set up a military outpost in the city itself. Montenegro, led by president Momir Bulatović, and prime minister Milo Đukanović, coming to power in the Anti-bureaucratic revolution and allied to Slobodan Milošević in Serbia, declared that Dubrovnik should not remain in Croatia because they claimed it historically had never been part of an independent Croatia, but rather more historically aligned with the coastal history of Montenegro.
Dubrovnik | Since 1991: Breakup of Yugoslavia and its aftermath
Župa Dubrovačka is a municipality and a valley located in Dubrovnik-Neretva County in south-eastern Croatia. It has 8,331 inhabitants, 93% of which are Croats. Župa dubrovačka stretches between Dubrovnik, the old "Ragusa" in the west and Cavtat, the ancient Epidaurus in the east, between the settlements of Dubac and Plat. The three islands Supetar, Mrkan and Bobara anchored right in front of the bay protect it from the open sea and from the north the hilly slopes of the Upper Župa. Tourist resorts are clustered along the coast. Župa dubrovačka is underdeveloped municipality which is statistically classified as the First Category Area of Special State Concern by the Government of Croatia.
Župa dubrovačka | Introduction
The village is located on the Sherna River, 6 km south-west from Gorka, 11 km north-west from Kirzhach.
Dubrovka, Kirzhachsky District, Vladimir Oblast | Geography
Here follows a list of notable Ragusans and Rectors of the Republic of Ragusa (also known as the Republic of Dubrovnik), a maritime republic centered on the city of Dubrovnik on the eastern coast of the Adriatic.
List of people associated with the Republic of Ragusa | Introduction
It is situated in the eastern part of Bosanska Krajina region. The municipality of Hrvatska Dubica lies to the north, in Croatia. Bosanska Dubica is situated from the Zagreb–Belgrade highway. The town and its suburbs border Croatia to the north, the town of Gradiška to the east, the town of Kostajnica to the west, and the town of Prijedor to the south. The land area of Bosanska Dubica is .
Dubica, Bosnia-Herzegovina | Geography
The municipality lies at an altitude of 120 metres and covers an area of 55.56 km².
Tvrdošovce | Geography
Today, the Archive stores material from the Dubrovnik-Neretva County, functioning as an external archive service.
Dubrovnik Archive | Archive today
As of 2010, three rural localities in Kirov Oblast bear this name:
Dubrovka (inhabited locality) | Kirov Oblast
The village is located on the Ushna River, 8 km east from Novlyanka, 13 km south-east from Krasnaya Gorbatka.
Dubrovo, Selivanovsky District, Vladimir Oblast | Geography
Ladrovići is a village in Croatia.
Ladrovići | Introduction
Mary. In addition to these two archive locations, the Republic of Ragusa had a few more, but they have all been destroyed, such as the archive in the Archbishop's Palace which was destroyed during a fire in 1667. The bulk of the archived documents result from the operation of the offices of the city government, whose organization was completed during the 15th century. The existing state archives eventually formed into a separate institution, by various executive decisions of the highest bodies of the Republic of Ragusa. The term "archive" was first attested in 1599, and by 1760 archived documents from all locations was assembled in the Rector's Palace.
Dubrovnik Archive | History
The municipality lies at an altitude of 165 metres and covers an area of 11.587 km². It has a population of about 626 people.
Merník | Geography
The village is located 11 km south from Pokrov, 23 km south-west from Petushki.
Dubrovka, Petushinsky District, Vladimir Oblast | Geography
The records for genealogical research are available at the state archive "Statny Archiv in Presov, Slovakia"
Dubová, Svidník District | Genealogical resources
The village is located in steppe, 43 km from Uryupinsk and 370 km from Volgograd.
Dubrovsky, Uryupinsky District, Volgograd Oblast | Geography
The municipality lies at an altitude of 310 metres and covers an area of 20.191 km². It has a population of about 960 people.
Dubodiel | Geography
It is located in the Ilava Basin at the foothills of the Strážovské vrchy mountains.
Nová Dubnica | Geography
Dubrovka () is a rural locality (a village) in Zalesskoye Rural Settlement, Ustyuzhensky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 33 as of 2002.
Dubrovka, Ustyuzhensky District, Vologda Oblast | Introduction
It is located 8 km north from Sima, 31 km north from Yuryev-Polsky.
Dubrava, Vladimir Oblast | Geography
Dubrava is a town in the municipality of Ivanjica, Serbia. According to the 2011 census, the town has a population of 1,695 inhabitants.
Dubrava, Ivanjica | Introduction
It is located 32 km from Ufa, 2 km from Bulgakovo.
Dubki, Republic of Bashkortostan | Geography
As of 2010, three rural localities in Ulyanovsk Oblast bear this name:
Dubrovka (inhabited locality) | Ulyanovsk Oblast
It is located between municipalities of Oštra Luka in the north, Banja Luka and Mrkonjić Grad in the east, Glamoč in the south, and Istočni Drvar, Bosanski Petrovac, and Ključ in the west.
Ribnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina | Geography
The Independent State of Croatia (1941-1945) was a European country located in Southern Europe, corresponding approximately to today's Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Listed below are its embassies and consulates:
Diplomatic missions of the Independent State of Croatia | Introduction
Dubrava is a village on the Pelješac peninsula in Croatia. It is connected by the D414 highway.
Dubrava, Dubrovnik-Neretva County | Introduction
As of 2010, one rural locality in Samara Oblast bears this name:
Dubrovka (inhabited locality) | Samara Oblast
As of 2010, five rural localities in Ryazan Oblast bear this name:
Dubrovka (inhabited locality) | Ryazan Oblast
This is a list of the cities proclaimed free royal cities in Croatia's history.
List of free royal cities of Croatia | Introduction
In his book "Nuzhat al-Mushataq fi ikhtiraq al-afaq" (English: "Joy for those who wish to sail over the world") from 1154, he mentioned Dubrovnik as the southernmost city of "the country of Croatia and Dalmatia". The basic city plan dates from 1292, when the port was rebuilt following a fire. The whole city was entirely enclosed in the 13th century, except for the Dominican monastery, which came under its protection later on, during the 14th century.
Walls of Dubrovnik | Former city walls