The oldest instance of the name "Urk" is a donation certificate of 966 from Holy Roman Emperor Otto I to the Sint Pantaleonsklooster monastery in Cologne. The text reads: "cuiisdam insulae medietatem in Almere, que Urch vocatur" (Latin: "of a certain island in the middle of Almere, which is called Urch"). Until 1475 the High and Low Lordship of Urk and Emmeloord (the most northern village of Schokland) was in the hands of the Van Kuinre family. From 1475 to 1614, the Zoudenbalch family of Utrecht were Lords of Urk and Emmeloord. From 1614 to 1660, Urk and Emmeloord were ruled by Jonkheer van der Werve.
History / Lordship of Urk en Emmeloord
Urk
Urk | History / Lordship of Urk en Emmeloord
Until 1475 the High and Low Lordship of Urk and Emmeloord was in the hands of the Van Kuinre family Urk is first mentioned in historical records dating to the 10th century, when it was still an island in the IJsselmeer, a lake that would become part of the Zuiderzee in the 13th century after a series of incursions by the North Sea. Sorry. I cannot find the answer based on the context. Until 1475 the High and Low Lordship of Urk and Emmeloord (the most northern village of Schokland) was in the hands of the Van Kuinre family.
when will the new dunkirk film be released on dvd
user
18 December 2017
assistant
what is this film about?
user
Dunkirk evacuation of World War II
assistant
can you mention a few members of the cast?
user
Fionn Whitehead, Tom Glynn-Carney, Jack Lowden, Harry Styles
assistant
where was it shot?
user
Dunkirk and Urk, Netherlands
assistant
can you tell me anything about the latter place's past?
user
(from an important family of Antwerp.) From 1660 to 1792 Urk and Emmeloord belonged to the municipality of Amsterdam, and ruled from 1660 to 1672/1678 by Andries de Graeff. From 1792 to 1950 Urk belonged to the province of Noord-Holland. From 1950 to 1986 Urk belonged to the province of Overijssel. Since 1986, Urk has belonged to the province of Flevoland. After WWII, Urk's town spread into the polder. Many Urkers who had to leave the town because of overcrowding before the polder reclamation was completed were able to return to Urk. The Noordoostpolder in its early years had an alternative name "Urker Land," from which Urk's newspaper, "Het Urkerland", gets its name.
Urk | History / Lordship of Urk en Emmeloord
The Ehursag at Ur was restored in 1961 using ancient and modern bricks, a 2008 report for the British Museum noted that this had collapsed in some areas, especially the northwest corner.
Ehursag | Introduction
The oldest instance of the name "Urk" is a donation certificate of 966 from Holy Roman Emperor Otto I to the Sint Pantaleonsklooster monastery in Cologne. The text reads: "cuiisdam insulae medietatem in Almere, que Urch vocatur" (Latin: "of a certain island in the middle of Almere, which is called Urch"). Until 1475 the High and Low Lordship of Urk and Emmeloord (the most northern village of Schokland) was in the hands of the Van Kuinre family. From 1475 to 1614, the Zoudenbalch family of Utrecht were Lords of Urk and Emmeloord. From 1614 to 1660, Urk and Emmeloord were ruled by Jonkheer van der Werve.
Urk | History / Lordship of Urk en Emmeloord
This later became "Aertswoud" (1450) with variant spellings for the initial vowel sounds, and finally Aartswoud. An edict from 1404 mandates that the dike at Aartswoud should always be able to be breached in case of an emergency; this happened in 1573, during the Siege of Alkmaar, when polders in the area of the Spanish encampment were flooded. The village was the location of some excitement in 1799 when, during the Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland, Batavian commander Herman Willem Daendels charged at a troop of British soldiers led by Lieutenant-Colonel Stewart, and captured twenty men and thirteen horses.
Aartswoud | History
Urk () is a municipality and a town in the Flevoland province in the central Netherlands. Urk is first mentioned in historical records dating to the 10th century, when it was still an island in the IJsselmeer, a lake that would become part of the Zuiderzee in the 13th century after a series of incursions by the North Sea. In 1939, a dike from the mainland to Urk ended the town's island status, just as the Afsluitdijk project was changing the salt water Zuiderzee surrounding Urk to the less saline IJsselmeer. Later in the 20th century, seabed areas surrounding Urk were reclaimed from the sea and became the Noordoostpolder.
Urk | Introduction
During the 13th century (and especially after a large storm in 1282) the Zuiderzee formed, and the water round Urk suddenly became tidal sea. Because there was no sea defence, in the course of time large pieces of the island were eroded away. The southwest side of Urk, which rose perpendicularly out of the sea, was called "het Hoge Klif" ("the High Cliff"). Around 1700 the municipality of Amsterdam gave sea defences to Urk. The town contains the highest point in the province of Flevoland.
Urk | Geography
It is situated in the south-western part of the polder, in the middle of a large agricultural area, between Emmeloord and Urk which used to be an island in the old Zuiderzee.
Tollebeek | Introduction
The Lordship of Urk thus remained in the possession of the Zoudenbalch family from 1475 until 1614 and the Zoudenbalchs witnessed many tribulations on Urk during the period of their rule there. In the early 16th century the island was plagued by pirate raids led by guerilla leaders from the Duchy of Gueldres, Karel van Gelder and Grote Pier. Then, in 1536, Urk was hit by the Black Plague and its population decimated. In 1570 the All Saints flood (Allerheiligenvloed) destroyed much of the infrastructure of the island and claimed many lives.
Zoudenbalch | The Zoudenbalchs as Lords of Urk
During this era it was part of the Belgian departement of the Nedermaas.
Nederweert | History
Their medieval castle was demolished in 1870. Only the "Roman Tower" still exists.
Emerkingen | History
In mid 1945, the area was handed over to British troops who had a local presence until 1951. Today, many original buildings still remain standing and some are still in use.
Lehre | History
In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1246.
Hrádok | History
The majority German speaking population were forcibly removed after the war. The town retains many Germanic architectural features and the town centre is a well-preserved example of a pre- war Sudeten town.
Frymburk | History
Apeldoorn was a relatively insignificant place until the major building projects of the 19th century and those of the period following World War II. The Protestant church was restored after a fire in 1890. The Roman Catholic Mariakerk is a national monument.
Apeldoorn | The town of Apeldoorn
In the 19th century, the town started to develop more. In 1836 the Zuid-Willemsvaart was dug by hand, and in 1880-1881, the steam tram between Den Bosch and Helmond was built, having a stop in Beek en Donk. The tram was broken up later; the canal still remains.
Beek en Donk | History
The oldest official reference to the village is from 1263 when it was called "Oudekerke". Though several Roman coins from the fourth century have been found, this does not confirm the presence of a Roman settlement. But it is probable that there was an older village here called "IJsele" until the 12th century. Remains of a tuff stone church foundation from that same century have been found. Henry de Nassau, Lord Overkirk, an army leader during the Spanish War of Succession, is buried in the main church.
Ouderkerk aan den IJssel | History
In the 14th century, Beek en Donk got its first church. In 1809, it was demolished, but the tower remains, as the Oude Toren (old tower) During the reign of Johanna van Brabant, Beek was together with Aarle and Stiphout, was sold to Dirk de Roovere, for 1.700 gulden. In later ages, the area changed owners a few times, until in 1798 the feudal system was abolished, inspired by the French revolution. During the 80-year war, the town suffered from passing enemy armies. After the war, Beek en Donk remained poor. Only in the late 18th century, when there was more land cultivated, the situation slowly got better.
Beek en Donk | History
About 3,500 years ago the first inhabitants of the area of Eersel were builders of sepulchre hillocks or burial mounds of the Tumulus culture. Following them in the late Bronze Age the people of the Urnfield culture continued living there as has been proved by the urn with cremating ashes that has been found in ‘Schadewijk’. Before the Romans occupied this area, which they called Toxandria, the Eburones lived here. From the Roman period there are also archaeological finds. Many shards of Roman pottery are found between the church of Eersel and the hamlet ‘Schadewijk’. The Salian Franks that settled the area in the 4th century became known as Toxandrians.
Eersel | History
The mainstay of the town's economy has always been fishing, and the products of the sea coming in through Urk's harbour continue to be exported widely, although today Urk's fishing boats must travel greater distances to gather them than was required in most historical periods. Religious life has also traditionally been very important to Urk's inhabitants, with active, conservative congregations of the Dutch Reformed denominations playing key roles in the life of the community.
Urk | Introduction
The fireworks were notable enough to be recorded in the diary of Jacob Bicker-Raye, and six years later in the popular journal "Europische Mercurius". However, the rebuilt house was demolished in 1797 by Lestevenon's successor as owner, . A small group of stately houses are built on the former grounds of the 'Heerlijkheid van Berkenrode'. The moat of the original castle is now parkland between the Leidsevaart and the current building called Berkenrode on the Heren weg. On the edge of the park is a former bathhouse (in use as a horse stall) for an oval swimming pool that was part of the original moat.
Berkenrode | History
The name "De Uithoorn" (or also "De Uythoorn") was used at the end of the Middle Ages for the location of the lower courts of the deanery of Saint John. The village formed around its courthouse. People depended on agriculture and animal husbandry. Agriculture became increasingly more difficult due to the steady soil subsidence. From c. 1600 on, peat extraction became important and resulted in the formation of large ponds, which in turn would be made into polders later on. During the Franco-Dutch War in the "disaster year" of 1672, Uithoorn was on the front lines and fortifications were built.
Uithoorn | History
However, the Jacobite Church appealed to Queen Melisende to get their property back. This was finally granted in 1138. Potsherds from the Crusader/Abbasid and early Ottoman period have also been found.
Ein 'Arik | History
Bronbeek is a former Royal palace in Arnhem, Netherlands. It is now a museum and a home for elderly soldiers. Bronbeek was built early in the 19th century. In 1845 the Dutch King William III bought it. He donated it to the Dutch state in 1859. William wanted it to be a home for disabled KNIL soldiers. The inhabitants took their collections of 'souvenirs' with them. This turned into a museum about the Dutch East Indies. In 2004, 50 former soldiers had their home in Bronbeek.
Bronbeek | Introduction
Erringden and Midgeley Moors border the village.
Mytholmroyd | History
It then suffered major renovation, which changed its character. The date of this work is unknown, but it is probable that it happened prior to the 1949 National Eisteddfod, which was held at the hall. It is these renovations that created the 'arches' and the arcade that characterize the building today. A number of changes were made including the addition of a bigger stage and a newly refurbished green room, new toilet facilities, a new entrance and lobby, new staircases and central heating.
Neuadd Idris | History
Settlements from the Paleolithic period and from the Roman period have been excavated here. In historical records, the village was first mentioned in 1270 (1270 "Gukes", 1388 "Gykys"). In 1388 it belonged to Levice town and later on to the Mining Chamber. In 1944 men of age from 16 to 40 years were deported to Germany.
Dekýš | History
There are several settlements from Stone and Bronze Ages. There are also remains of ancient castles on the cliffs.
Ireviken | History
Most campaigns in this theatre took place in the Spanish Netherlands, a compact area 160 kilometres wide, its highest point only 100 metres above sea level, dominated by canals and rivers, the primary means of transport until the advent of railways in the 19th century. Namur's position at the intersection of the Sambre and Meuse rivers made it vital for defending the Netherlands against French invasion, and its recapture the main Allied objective for 1695.
Capitulation of Diksmuide | Background
Indeed in 1850, instead of the church and the current location of the local school and the castle square, deep trenches connected one to another. The village is now between similar trenches, some to the north called the channel, the other south. The ground is so abundant with water over a clay layer that it doesn't allow to hollow caves, while in other parts you need to go down 80 feet for clean water.
Ouzouer-le-Marché | History
The garden walls have lost their trimness, the malt kilns and the brewhouse are gone". Today, however, the stone buildings on top of a high mound dominate the scene and are strongly built. The mullioned windows seem to have been inserted into an older hall.
Knarsdale | History
The town is named for its "old church", which was a prominent landmark for centuries on the horizon for ships travelling along the IJssel river. There is an indication that a little church may have been present here in the 10th century. This would be remarkable since the Krimpenerwaard would have been a swamp at that time except for some minor hills. As the Krimpenerwaard has dried up and the river dikes along the river have been raised, the church has "sunk" much lower in the landscape today than in former centuries, which was the reason for raising the tower in the 19th century.
Ouderkerk aan den IJssel | History
A Bronze Age urnfield exists on the moor top, north of Mytholmroyd. It is a burial ground with cremation urns, dating between the 16th and 11th centuries BC of national importance. Evidence of pre-historic farming is apparent because they cleared the upland forests for cattle grazing and created the peat moorlands. Most of the Celtic Iron Age settlements were concentrated on the hillside terraces which avoided the wooded and poorly drained valley floors. Most of the older listed buildings are located on the hillsides away from the valley. A Roman coin hoard has been found to the south of Mytholmroyd.
Mytholmroyd | History
There is a small cemetery, close to the present television centre, known as the "enclos des fusillés". There are 365 tombs, and a pillar among the graves marks the location of the urn containing the remains of victims of the concentration camps in 1940–1945.
Tir national | History
The number of items recovered at this site suggests that this was an area of substantial medieval settlement.
Emneth | History
Nonetheless, the city was unharmed in the War of the Spanish Succession, and began to recover throughout the rest of the 18th century. The current town hall dates to 1714–25, immediately following the War of the Spanish Succession.
Uerdingen | History
Its name stems from the medieval "Bredene Dunc" which translates as "wide mound" or "a dry spot in the marshes." In the 19th century it was known for its beautiful Neo-Gothic church and the lavish mansion of the Earl de Buisseret. Both were destroyed by the Belgian army at the start of World War I because they obstructed the gunner's view from the local fortifications. From the 20th century on it was best known for its fortification at Fort Breendonk, built in 1909. It was judged that Antwerp, being continental Europe's second most important port, needed two circles of fortifications for its defence.
Breendonk | History
Oudenaarde slumbered as a provincial town under the Habsburg regime. Like its neighbours, in the 1790s it suffered religious curtailment imposed by the French Revolution. The city later suffered damage during World War I, which is commemorated by several monuments scattered around town. During World War II the town was occupied by Nazi military forces in . The town was liberated by British forces on the 5th of September 1944.
Oudenaarde | Decline
The museum of the historical Ten Duinen Abbey is set in a modern building, explaining the religious and cultural importance of this abbey throughout history and showing the daily life of Cistercian monks from the early Middle Ages, beginning in 1107 till the death of the last monk in 1833. The archeological site has been restored, and is open to the public. The attic of the museum contains a remarkable collection of liturgical silverware. The British Military Cemetery (1940–1945) bears witness to British sacrifices in the Battle of Dunkirk. The Paul Delvaux museum in St-Idesbald houses the largest collection of paintings from this Belgian surrealist painter in the world.
Koksijde | Tourism
There are two small harbours, one on the North Sea side of the dike, and the other on the IJsselmeer side.
Breezanddijk | History
It was restored in 1961, 1975 and again in 2001-02. It is now in the ownership of the Molenstichting voor het Gelders Rivierengebeid. It is listed as a Rijksmonument, № 16495.
De Vlinder, Deil | History
A barge with potatoes was sent via the Nieuwe Vaart to the Entrepotdok on 30 June. A group of women followed the barge and started throwing stones, at which mounted police started shooting in the air.
Nieuwe Vaart | History
This testifies to its significance as a regional center at the time, according to archaeologist Burton MacDonald. A church was built outside of the town's walls in between the 5th or early 7th century.
Udhruh | Antiquity
In 1944 it was looted by the Nazis who removed anything of value and burned the rest. Since then it has been used as a granary, horse stables, and an agricultural school. The exterior has been preserved as well as some of the rooms. Currently it serves as tourist accommodation and as rooms for students.
Kenderes | Horthy Castle
The municipality used to be a department of the "Sambre and Meuse" which was a French department of the Netherlands. Since the fifteenth century and for more than twohundred years, the area was under control by an old and mighty Dinant family, the Aux Brebis.
Anseremme | History
The 1940 Eisteddfod, held in Rhyl, still went ahead, but coming in the same week as the Dunkirk evacuation, it was a reduced festival, covering all the events in a single day. The Eisteddfod returned after the cessation of hostilities by returning to its roots at Corwen in 1946.. In 2001, Gŵyl yr Urdd replaced the Eisteddfod with competitions and performances taking place at two venues (one in North Wales, one in the South) to minimise travel during the foot-and-mouth crisis and a virtual edition was staged during the Coronavirus pandemic of 2020 with all contributions submitted via video and judging conducted on live video calls.
Urdd National Eisteddfod | History
Most of the area west of the city is a polder riddled with drainage trenches. The major economic activity of the region is dairy farming, producing the famous butter of .
Diksmuide | Introduction
The population started to decline after World War II, and the village was officially dissolved in 1963. Nowadays there are just scrubby ruins of several houses.
Úhošť | Village
Nowadays just some remains of the outer walls are to be seen.
Darlingerode | History
Until 1747 the palace was often visited by the stadhouders. At that time William IV, Prince of Orange lived in Oranjewoud. William V, Prince of Orange visited the palace one last time in 1777.
Oranjewoud | History
Erndtebrück had its first documentary mention in 1256, celebrating 750 years of existence in 2006. The village was first known by the name Ermingardibruggern, and was the seat of a knightly family, and later a customs office with market rights.
Erndtebrück | History
Noordoostpolder (, ) is a polder and municipality in the Flevoland province in the central Netherlands. Formerly, it was also called "Urker Land". Emmeloord is the administrative center, located in the heart of the Noordoostpolder. For history, see Zuiderzee Works.
Noordoostpolder | Introduction
Many battles have been fought in Heemskerk. Two castles - Castle Oud Haerlem and Castle Heemskerk - were built in the twelfth and thirteenth century respectively to protect the County of Holland against the West Frisians. In the fifteenth century the residents of Heemskerk fought each other during the Hook and Cod wars, in which both castles were destroyed. The Oud Haerlem castle was never rebuilt, Castle Heemskerk however was. In 1492 a rebellion by the people of Kennemerland was brutally beaten down by the Austrian conquerors, on the place where today the cemetery of the Hervormde Kerk (Reformed Church) is located.
Heemskerk | History
Beach sequences were shot at Camber Sands in south-east England. The scene where the bridge was blown during the early part of the film was on the River Medway at Teston Bridge, Teston in Kent. Dunkirk town centre was recreated using part of Rye Harbour in Sussex, England. A canal-type bridge was temporarily constructed over the upper harbour, leading on to the quayside. It was over this bridge that the refugees and troops poured into the "town centre". Several scenes take place at this location, particularly a tracking shot following two British Army officers as they discuss the situation. In the background, the viewer can make out Rye Church and some old warehouses, still extant, albeit in much restored condition.
Dunkirk (1958 film) | Production
In 1893 a dairy company was established in the village. In 1854, a ribbon factory opened and in 1874 a music box factory opened, though that was replaced in 1897 by a now major fittings factory.
Unterkulm | History
Baldwin II, Count of Flanders named it a city in 1175, rebuilding the castle and converting the surrounding marshland to tillable soil. After continuously changing authority between the 13th century and the 17th century, Audruicq finally became a French town after the Peace of Nijmegen in 1678.
Audruicq | History
It was also decided that adjacent villages such as Heer would be included within the city.
Drøbak | History
By the end of the war, two thirds of the city was destroyed due to British bombing. On 27 and 28 May 1940, the Belgian army lost its last stand here against the advancing Wehrmacht. This was followed by four years of German occupation, although without too much destruction. The city today is a regional center that provides commercial and media services, as well as a variety of occupations in the food industry, to the surrounding area.
Roeselare | Modern era
The town was established in the 16th century and has gradually been developing since 1947. The landscape is largely determined by the town's Catholic church, the Sint-Urbanuskerk, built to a design by the famous architect Joseph Cuypers.
Nes aan de Amstel | History
There is now no village centre, and of the original medieval village only the church, the manor and Rymans now remain.
Apuldram | Introduction
Neither of the halls has survived to the present day.
Urmston | History
Ouwerkerk is the oldest village of the former island of Duiveland, possibly founded in the eleventh century. The village got its current name after a church was built in Nieuwerkerk. The name of Ouwerkerk before the establishment of Nieuwerkerk is unknown. Ouwerkerk was built as a rundling with a church in the center of the surviving Ring. The medieval tower of the church, originally dedicated to Gertrude the Great, was blown up by German troops in 1945, in a blast that seriously damaged the rest of the church. After World War II, the remains of the church and tower were demolished.
Ouwerkerk | History
In an early design of Emmeloord it was decided to build a tower at the central square of the town. The tower in the heart of the Noordoostpolder symbolizes unity of the Noordoostpolder and can be seen from all locations in the Noordoostpolder. The tower is not related to any church, because churches could dominate the others with this tower. The idea to build a tower originates in the need of a water tower in the Noordoostpolder. The water company of Overijssel decided to offer a prize for the best design of a new water tower in December 1950. The tower had to include a carillon and a visitor platform.
Poldertoren | History
Though the area surrounding Udhruh today is barren, archaeologists surmise that the site sat on a lush oasis during the early centuries of its settlement. It was abandoned at some point during the Ottoman era and the modern village of Udhruh was established in the late 1930s under the Emirate of Transjordan, a British protectorate that later became the modern-day Kingdom of Jordan.
Udhruh | Modern era
In the Ancien Régime Vlamertinge was a "Heerlijkheid" of Veurne-Ambacht with 22 backlendings and suffered a lot from the sieges of nearby Ypres. During the First World War, the whole village was destroyed by bombing. In 1944, during the Second World War, Vlamertinge was liberated by a Polish armored division.
Vlamertinge | History
A dedicated "Bronbeek Museum", a former home for retired KNIL soldiers, exists in Arnhem to this day.
Netherlands | Colonial heritage
In 1912 the church was also demolished and the current "Sint-Marculphuskerk" was built. Dorst was poor: north of the town there was barren soil and south of the town there was a swampy area called 'het Goor'. To provide for the life maintenance the people devoted to goat breeding. Goats also produced milk, that milk was of great importance for the health of the people in the town.
Dorst | History
The town has suffered much destruction through fire and war during the centuries, and in 1743 the town walls were almost completely removed. Two city gates from c. 1450 still survive; the "Brandenburger Torturm" and the "Deminner Torturm". Of the latter, only the ground floor remains, with additions and alterations made in the 19th century.
Altentreptow | History
The history of Evergem goes back ago a long time. In the 1st world war, Ertvelde was used as a blockade in case the Netherlands attacked from the north. Ertvelde has a lot of bunkers due that, almost every 200m you can find one. Now they're mostly on fields used by farmers. The government decided that the bunkers are from the people where it stand. Some farmers destroyed it and some use it as storage, but some are still visitable.
Evergem | History
This can be explained by the presence of a dike called the Spanjaardsdijk or Spaniards Dike which was built before or during the Eighty Years' War. The local ruler was Protestant, the rulers to the east were Catholic.
Neder-Betuwe | History
Before 2018, the village was part of the Littenseradiel municipality and before 1984 it belonged to Hennaarderadeel municipality.
Hidaard | History
In 1800, according to Edward Hasted, the village was once part of the king's ancient forest of Blean in the 'hundred of Westgate'. Dunkirk's main claim to fame is that in 1838 it was the scene of the last armed rising on British soil, the Battle of Bossenden Wood to the north of the village. Eleven men died when a band of farm labourers were intercepted by a detachment of soldiers. In 1940 during World War II, the RAF Chain Home radar station in Dunkirk was bombed several times by the Luftwaffe.
Dunkirk, Kent | History
Most of the De Gelder castle was destroyed during World War II.
Wijhe | History & Sights
The formality took place in a school building in Rijsoord, now a museum.
Rijsoord | Introduction
The town is the location of the Beth Haim of Ouderkerk aan de Amstel, the oldest Jewish cemetery in the Netherlands, as well as a neogothic Roman Catholic church that was designed by Pierre Cuypers in 1865.
Ouderkerk aan de Amstel | Main sights
Only in 2005 parts of the city administration were evacuated in the civil centre built in the former central station area on the Etapler place
Hückeswagen Castle | History
We have archaeological evidence from their settlements in the area and many barrows from that period can still be seen, especially in the northern reaches near Hanstholm. An unknown number of the pre-historic remains have been covered by the drifting sands and dunes over the aeons though, so the fact that so many mounds are still visible is an indication of just how active the area was. The human activity continued into the iron Age, the Viking Age and the Middle Ages, with their own individual traces in the national park, often with a strong tie to the harsh North Sea.
Thy National Park | Cultural history
In 1638, the French seized the village back again.
Zutkerque | History
The origins of the castle go back more than 300 years when it was a small country property. Then in 1860, Amand Bouvier considerably expanded it. A new garden was laid out, now one of the area's most notable parks with its avenues and elm trees. When Bouvier died in 1900, he left a magnificent estate to his nephew Alfred Bouvier but he and his descendants failed to show much interest in the property. During the Second World War, the Germans used the castle as their headquarters for northern Luxembourg until they were forced to abandon it to the Americans during the Battle of the Bulge in the winter of 1944.
Urspelt Castle | History
The ruins of Talmberk Castle have been a protected cultural monument since 1966.
Talmberk | History
Uitkerke, as an independent village, is more than a thousand years old. Historically, since its main occupation was agriculture, it once occupied more in territory than its neighbor, Blankenberge.
Uitkerke | History
The surroundings of Heers were already inhabited by humans in prehistoric times. In the woods near the road "Locht", in the direction of the village Steensel, are some preserved tumuli located. The teacher and amateur archaeologist Petrus Panken was the first to report the existence of these tumuli, in 1845. He searched thirteen mounds and discovered urns filled with charcoal and cremated remains. The head teacher in Veldhoven, Cornelis Rijken, also found a great number of urns in this region in 1910. The first systematic research was conducted by Albert van Giffen in 1948. The ten tumuli that he reconstructed are known as the "Group Heibloem".
Heers, Netherlands | Prehistory
Rijkevorsel, Vaishak, Voirssele, Forsela in 1194. Recent archaeological finds at the Willow Street attest to human presence in the late stone age, the bronze and Iron Age and the Roman times. A large cemetery with cremation (urnfield) on the Helhoekheide may point to a first settlement being present here already before the beginning of our era.
Rijkevorsel | History
The valley of the Seelbeek has been in residential use since prehistoric times. The recorded history of Doorwerth started in the early middleages when a small castle was built in the Seelbeek valley and later the current Doorwerth Castle was founded. The old village grew around the castle near the banks of the river Rhine. Most of the houses of the old village near the castle were damaged during World War II, all of them where abandoned and demolished after the war. The current cores of the village were developed from 1923 onwards, when the Van der Molenallee was constructed.
Doorwerth | History
In the middle ages, Heinenoord and its surroundings were known as "het Land van Wale". After the St. Elizabeth's flood (1421), Heinenoord was engulfed by the water. It recovered around 1437, when the land was reclaimed. Around that time the village of Heynkensort was founded. Together with Goidschalxoord and the townships Kuipersveer and Blaaksedijk it formed one municipality from 1855 until 1984. On 17 february 1945, an angry mob shot the NSB-mayor M.A. Simonis from Nieuw-Beijerland on Heinenoord territory. The next day ten Dutchmen were executed by a German firing squad as reprisal, who were imprisoned in Scheveningen. On the same place in 1950, the monument moeder, Dutch for "mother", was unveiled.
Heinenoord | History
The station was sited approximately half a mile south of the village.
Monymusk | History
In 1945, several Allied air raids on the nearby military airport damaged the city and killed numerous inhabitants.
Erding | History
Due to the European debt crisis, these plans never were put into action, and the area was almost entirely unused for years before the occupation began.
Errekaleor | Introduction
A fishing village arose late in the tenth century, in the originally flooded coastal area of the English Channel south of the Western Scheldt, when the area was held by the Counts of Flanders, vassals of the French Crown. About AD 960, Count Baldwin III had a town wall erected in order to protect the settlement against Viking raids. The surrounding wetlands were drained and cultivated by the monks of nearby Bergues Abbey. The name "Dunkirka" was first mentioned in a tithe privilege of 27 May 1067, issued by Count Baldwin V of Flanders. Count Philip I (1157–1191) brought further large tracts of marshland under cultivation, laid out the first plans to build a Canal from Dunkirk to Bergues and vested the Dunkirkers with market rights.
Dunkirk | Middle Ages
Around the IJsselmeer is an arc of boulder clay high areas of land, which formed during the Ice Age glaciations of the Pleistocene epoch: Texel, Wieringen, Urk, de Voorst, and Gaasterland. To south of that arc, as a result of meltwater, a lake formed, which became known as Almere. North of the boulder clay highland of Urk, the Vecht river flowed into the Almere, while the river IJssel with tributaries flowed into the south of Urk. As the climate became warmer during the Middle Ages, the sea level rose; and since the Ice Age ended the Netherlands and around have been slowly steadily sinking because of forebulge effect.
Urk | Geography
At the heart of the Noordoostpolder, where the three main drainage canals Lemstervaart, Urkervaart and Zwolsevaart intersect, is the city of Emmeloord (1943). Named after an abandoned village on the island of Schokland, Emmeloord is located in a polder: land reclaimed from the IJsselmeer, which earlier was part of the sea. Planned from the outset to be the first and the only major town of the polder, it is the local government and services centre. The first district built was called the Onkruidbuurt ("weed neighbourhood"). Street names were chosen from the weeds that were growing all around on the former sea floor, like reed (Rietstraat), thistle (Distelstraat) and sea aster (Zeeasterstraat).
Emmeloord | Overview
Only one son, Anthonie, who was not home that day, survived. In the "rampjaar" ("disaster year") 1672 Bernhard von Galen reconquered the city and occupied city and herrschaft for almost two years. In 1697 received William III of England the city and herrschaft from the States of Gelderland. From that day until 1795 the city and herrschaft was a personal belonging to the House of Orange-Nassau. King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands is still Lord of Bredevoort. After centuries of war, its fortifications were demolished by its inhabitants. In 1818, the municipality of Bredevoort was dissolved to become part of the city Bredevoort under the newly formed municipality Aalten.
Bredevoort | History
The village was first founded in the 1st century as a Roman vicus on a junction of roads. It kept existing until it was destroyed at the end of the third century. Hundreds of years later, a new village slowly began to arise, with the center half a mile to the south of the ruins of the old village.
Elewijt | Roman period
It is not certain where the name of Heemskerk comes from. The town was already known during the Middle Ages. In an official deed from the year of 1063, the town was known as "Hemezen Kyrica", Latinized Frisian meaning Church of Hemezen, a Frisian nun who lived in a religious house there. Heemskerk knows many historical monuments, among them the "Huldtoneel" (lit. the "Inaugurate Stage"), an artificial hill located near the current Rijksstraatweg, where once the Counts of Holland were inaugurated. According to tradition, the Huldtoneel was used before the Roman Era as a Germanic sanctuary. In the nineteenth century Jonkheer Gevers finally made the Huldtoneel a monument - as it is known today - and ordered passers-by to honour the monument.
Heemskerk | History
In 1628 Piet Hein moored his silver fleet at Delfzijl. The first sea battle in the Eighty Years' War was fought nearby in 1658 in the Eems estuary between Dutch forces under Jan Abels and Spanish forces under François van Boshuizen. A fleet of Dutch ships from the West Indies landed here in 1665 under command of admiral Michiel de Ruyter, avoiding the English fleet that was blockading the Dutch coast. The fortification and the sluices were damaged during the Christmas Flood of 1717. In 1813–1814, the French held the city, while it was under siege by the Dutch. The fortifications were removed in 1875, making room for the train station, and leaving one branch of the moat for recreational purposes, with ice skating in some years.
Delfzijl | History
In 1830 the Geeraard de Duivelsteen became a fire station. Near the end of the 19th century it was bought by the Belgian state to serve as a national archive. For this purpose a new wing was built. Due to the numerous restorations the building has changed a lot since the Middle Ages. Since 2010 it has been for sale, because of its unsuitability for the storing of archives.
Geeraard de Duivelsteen | History
In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1394.
Pernek | History
By that time, all of its inhabitants had abandoned the island, and from then on it was used by inhabitants of Terschelling as a grazing area for sheep, and for the making of hay. The eggs of gulls and terns were also gathered there for consumption. In 1916, the grazing rights on the island were bought by the Vereniging Natuurmonumenten, a union devoted to the protection of nature, which also tried to prevent the gathering of eggs by guarding the bird colonies on the island. After the Afsluitdijk was completed in 1933, the rate of erosion increased even more. However, the island has survived to the present day, though it is smaller than before, and its current location is to the southeast of what its location was in the Middle Ages.
Griend | History
On 11 September 1944, during Operation Switchback, the town was carpet-bombed by Allied forces, leaving very little of the historical centre intact. After the war, the town was rebuilt and became a centre for the Dutch fish industry and other maritime-related businesses.
Breskens | History
Before 2018, the village was part of the Littenseradiel municipality and before 1984 it belonged to Baarderadeel municipality.
Húns | History
It was founded in the 13th century by William II of Holland as "Onze Lieve Vrouwenkapel", and the white sandstone tower was added in 1520. After the Siege of Haarlem when 1500 soldiers were held here before being killed by the Spanish after their victory, the church was used to store turf for fifty years. Inscribed above the 1620 doorway on the north side is the Latin text . The church is currently in use as exhibition space for the workgroup of the Archeologisch Museum Haarlem.
Bakenesserkerk | History