The Bengal fox is distributed throughout much of the Indian subcontinent with the exception of the wet forests and the extreme arid zone. Its range is bounded by the Himalayas and the Indus River valley. Its preferred habitat is short open grassland, scrub or thorn forest. It appears to avoid steep terrain and tall grassland. It was considered to be a habitat generalist, but it shows a strong preference for semiarid, short grassland habitats at multiple scales.
Distribution and habitat
Bengal fox
Bengal fox | Distribution and habitat
he Bengal fox is distributed throughout much of the Indian subcontinent with the exception of the wet forests and the extreme arid zone. It is found in the Indian subcontinent from the Himalayan foothills and Terai of Nepal through southern India, and from southern and eastern Pakistan to eastern India and southeastern Bangladesh. They are distributed throughout the Indian subcontinent with the exception of the wet forests and the extreme arid zone. Its range is bounded by the Himalayas and the Indus River valley. Throughout the Indian subcontinent with the exception of the wet forests and the extreme arid zone.
how long does a red fox live in the wild
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In the wild they typically do not survive past 5 years of age.
assistant
what is red fox?
user
It is the largest of the true foxes and one of the most widely distributed members of the order Carnivora.
assistant
where did it originate?
user
The species is Eurasian in origin.
assistant
how did it evolve?
user
It is considered a more specialised form of "Vulpes" than the Afghan, corsac and Bengal foxes in the direction of size and adaptation to carnivory.
assistant
what is the appearance of this third type of fox?
user
It is a relatively small fox with an elongated muzzle, long, pointed ears, and a bushy tail about 50 to 60% of the length of the head and body.
assistant
where is it found?
user
The Bengal fox is distributed throughout much of the Indian subcontinent with the exception of the wet forests and the extreme arid zone. Its range is bounded by the Himalayas and the Indus River valley. Its preferred habitat is short open grassland, scrub or thorn forest. It appears to avoid steep terrain and tall grassland. It was considered to be a habitat generalist, but it shows a strong preference for semiarid, short grassland habitats at multiple scales.
Bengal fox | Distribution and habitat
The Bengal fox ("Vulpes bengalensis"), also known as the Indian fox, is a fox endemic to the Indian subcontinent from the Himalayan foothills and Terai of Nepal through southern India, and from southern and eastern Pakistan to eastern India and southeastern Bangladesh.
Bengal fox | Introduction
"Vulpes bengalensis" is a relatively small fox with an elongated muzzle, long, pointed ears, and a bushy tail about 50 to 60% of the length of the head and body. Its dorsal pelage is very variable, but mostly grayish and paler ventrally; its legs tend to be brownish or rufous. It is more daintily built than "Vulpes vulpes". The tail is bushy with a prominent black tip which distinguishes it from "V. vulpes". Back of ears are dark brown with black margin. Its rhinarium is naked and the lips are black, with small black hair patches on upper part of nuzzle (shaft) in front of eyes.
Bengal fox | Appearance
Bengal foxes are mainly crepuscular in their habits. During the heat of the day, they hide under vegetation or in subterranean dens that they dig. The dens are large and complex with multiple chambers and escape routes. They are sometimes seen basking at a vantage point around sunrise or sunset. In captivity, the lifespan is about 6 to 8 years.
Bengal fox | Behaviour and ecology
The ears have the same colour as the nape or maybe darker, but not having a dark patch as in "V. vulpes". Extensive variation in coat colour exists across populations and seasonally within populations, but generally varies from grey to pale brown. The head and body length is , with a long tail. Typical weight is . The genus "Vulpes" can be separated from "Canis" and "Cuon" in the Indian region by the flat forehead between the postorbital processes and not inflated by air cells. The processes themselves are slightly concave with a raised anterior edge (convexly round in other canids).
Bengal fox | Appearance
The Indian flying fox is found across the Indian Subcontinent, including in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Tibet, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. It roosts in large, established colonies on open tree branches, especially in urban areas or in temples. It prefers to roost on tall trees with small diameters, especially canopy trees, and prefers to be in close proximity to bodies of water, human residences, and agricultural land. This habitat selection is highly dependent on food availability. For example, many residences within the bat's distribution have outdoor gardens that support its generalist frugivorous feeding habits. This tendency to support a generalist frugivorous diet through habitat selection also leads it to commonly roost in highly fragmented forests, where the variety of plant species allows it to better utilize its feeding habits.
Indian flying fox | Distribution and habitat
This species is found in Iran, Nepal, Myanmar.
Filopaludina bengalensis | Distribution
The Tibetan fox is restricted to the Tibetan Plateau in western China and the Ladakh plateau in northern India. It occurs north of the Himalayas in the northernmost border regions of Nepal and India, across Tibet, and in parts of the Chinese provinces of Qinghai, Gansu, Xinjiang, Yunnan and Sichuan. It primarily inhabits semi-arid to arid grasslands, well away from humans or from heavy vegetation cover. It lives in upland plains and hills from elevation, and has occasionally been sighted at elevations of around .
Tibetan fox | Distribution and habitat
Lack of habitat protection is perhaps the greatest threat to the Indian fox. For example, in southern India, less than 2% of potential Indian fox habitat is covered under the existing protected area network of the states of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh . Hunting for its skin and flesh, as well as conversion of its grassland habitat to agriculture, industry, and increasingly bio-fuel plantations, have affected its population density. In addition, its body parts are used in traditional medicine, and in some areas it is eaten. They are hunted by the "narikuruva" tribes of southern India. In Karnataka, they are captured in rituals conducted during Sankranthi.
Bengal fox | Threats
"Pantherophis vulpinus" is found in the upper midwestern United States east of the Mississippi river. The geographic range of the closely related western foxsnake "(Pantherophis ramspotti)" is west of the Mississippi river. The two species do not overlap and there is no intergrade zone.
Pantherophis vulpinus | Geographic range
Rüppell's fox is found across North Africa south of the Atlas Mountains, from Mauritania and Morocco in the west to Egypt and Djibouti in the east. It is also found in the Arabian Peninsula southwards from Syria, Palestine, Jordan and Iraq, and as far east as Iran, Pakistan, and Afghanistan. Within this region, it prefers sandy or rocky deserts, but may also be found in semiarid steppes and sparse scrub.
Rüppell's fox | Distribution and habitat
They are often found in agricultural areas, and are mainly found below 1500m altitude.
Bengal monitor | Distribution and habitat
From snout to vent 2.5 inches : tail 5.5. Found in Bengal, Kachchh, Bilaspur.
Ophisops microlepis | Distribution and description
Their burrows are made at the base of boulders, at old beach lines and low slopes. Dens may have four entrances, with entrances being 25–35 cm in diameter.
Tibetan fox | Behaviour and ecology
It is found on the island of New Guinea, appearing in both Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. It also occurs on the island of Salawati (Indonesia), Boigu (Australia), Saibai (Australia), and the Aru Islands (Indonesia). It is generally found at elevations below above sea level. It is associated with forested habitat, including tropical moist forest, dry forest, and monsoon forest.
Big-eared flying fox | Range and habitat
The Nicobar flying fox ("Pteropus faunulus") is a species of flying fox in the family Pteropodidae. It is endemic to India. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical swamps. It is threatened by habitat loss due to forest clearing.
Nicobar flying fox | Introduction
Heterometrus bengalensis originates from the Indian states of West Bengal and Odisha. This species lives in dry areas, preferably on the edges of ditches, on which thicker vegetation with shrubs provides ideal shade and cover. Older distribution data, including Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya and Maharashtra, may be based on confusion with other species of the genus Heterometrus
Heterometrus bengalensis | Distribution and habitat
It is found in Pakistan, India, Vietnam, Nepal, Bhutan and Taiwan. It ranges in India from the Northwest Himalayas to Sikkim, Assam and Arunachal Pradesh.
Bombyx huttoni | Range
"Indotyphlops jerdoni" is found in eastern and northern India in Sikkim, northern West Bengal, Seven Sisters [Assam], and Meghalaya. Possibly, it also occurs in Bangladesh and Myanmar (Pegu). The type locality given is "Khási Hills".
Indotyphlops jerdoni | Geographic range
The white-footed fox ("Vulpes vulpes pusilla"), also known as the desert fox, is a small, Asiatic subspecies of red fox which occurs throughout most of northwestern Indian subcontinent, Pakistan's desert districts from Rawalpindi to Rajasthan and Kutch in India, Baluchistan, southern Iran, and Iraq. It is mostly found on sand-hills or in the broad sandy beds of semi-dry rivers, and only very rarely in fields, and then in the vicinity of sandy tracts.
White-footed fox | Introduction
Found in eastern India (Assam, Manipur, Mizoram, Sikkim), Bangladesh, Burma. The original type locality given was as "Delta Gangeticum" (Ganges Delta, West Bengal State, eastern India). The type locality given by Boulenger (1896) is "Ganges Delta."
Trimeresurus erythrurus | Geographic range
The type locality for this species is Port Blair in Andaman Islands, India.
Julia burni | Distribution
"Trimeresurus cantori" is found in the Nicobar Islands (which are in the Bay of Bengal), India, and possibly in the Andaman Islands. The type locality given is "Nicobars".
Trimeresurus cantori | Geographic range
Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India (northern: Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh & W Bengal), Nepal and Pakistan and possibly in Myanmar. Type locality is Bengal.
Eutropis dissimilis | Distribution
The canine teeth are longer.
Bengal fox | Appearance
Type locality: from "vicinity of Darjiling" (= Darjeeling, 27° 02'N; 88° 16'E; West Bengal State, eastern India). Known only from the type locality. Named after "vittacaudatus" = Latin for striped tail.
Coluber vittacaudatus | Distribution
They are found in habitats ranging from scrub forest to deciduous and moist deciduous forests. They are found south of the Himalayas and in some parts of the Himalayas up to an elevation of 2000 m. Extends from Dalhousie in the west, east to Bhutan.
Jungle owlet | Habitat and distribution
This species was discovered in the Eastern Ghats near Nellore by T C Jerdon who received a specimen from a local hunter. A specimen was later obtained in 1863 from near Bangalore and for a long time the species was not observed anywhere in southern India. A O Hume had suggested in that the two populations might represent different species. The southern population was subsequently noted when Salim Ali collected specimens from the Biligirirangan Hills. The species occurs in the nearby Kaveri valley area where "Parus cinereus stupae" is also found. The species has also been reported from the Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh.
White-naped tit | Distribution and habitat
This species can be found in India, Nepal, the Philippines, Indonesia and Thailand.
Delta conoideum | Distribution
This species was described from Bombay, India. It occurs in the Gulf of Bengal off northeast India and the Andaman Islands.
Goniobranchus bombayanus | Distribution
The red fox is a wide-ranging species. Its range covers nearly including as far north as the Arctic Circle. It occurs all across Europe, in Africa north of the Sahara Desert, throughout Asia apart from extreme Southeast Asia, and across North America apart from most of the southwestern United States and Mexico. It is absent in Iceland, Greenland, Arctic islands, the most northern parts of central Siberia, and in extreme deserts. It is not present in New Zealand and is classed as a "prohibited new organism" under the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1996, which does not allow import.
Red fox | Distribution and habitat
The pampas fox can be found in northern and central Argentina, Uruguay, eastern Bolivia, Paraguay, and southern Brazil. It prefers open pampas habitats, often close to agricultural land, but can also be found in montane or chaco forest, dry scrubland, and wetland habitats. It is most common below elevation, but can inhabit puna grasslands up to . Five subspecies are currently recognised, although the geographic range of each is unclear, and the type localities of three of them lie outside the present-day range of the species: Fossils of this species are known from the late Pliocene to early Pleistocene of Argentina.
Pampas fox | Distribution and habitat
The species is found in scrub, dry and moist-deciduous forests often in hilly country. They are found south of the Ganges across India. They prefer areas with good undergrowth including those formed by the invasive "Lantana".
Red spurfowl | Distribution and habitat
It is found in southern India in the Anaimalai Hills (4,000-5,000 feet). Type locality: "Anamallays, 4000 feet".
Uropeltis petersi | Geographic range
This species is endemic to Indonesia. It has been found at elevations up to above sea level.
Ashy-headed flying fox | Range and habitat
The species is found in India, Pakistan, and Nepal, from Murree in Pakistan through Nepal up until Darjeeling in India. It inhabits the montane and steppe forests of the Himalayas, from 2,000 to 3,938 meters above sea level.
Plecotus homochrous | Habitat and distribution
It is found in Nepal, India (Sikkim, Assam, Kashmir), and China (Tibet). Type locality: "China: Ladakh" (Günther 1860) = "Tibet: Ladakh, Tsomoriri" (Boulenger 1894).
Elaphe hodgsoni | Geographic range
"Bungarus sindanus" is found in India, Nepal, and Pakistan. It is recorded in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, West Bengal (Jalpaiguri and Midnapur District), Rajasthan, and Gujarat in India. The geographic ranges of the subspecies are:
Bungarus sindanus | Distribution and habitat
It has large eyes, simple ears, and no facial ornamentation—a typical appearance for a species of the genus "Pteropus". The skull is oval-shaped and the greatest length of the skull is . The orbital rim of the skull is incomplete. The ears lack a tragus or antitragus and are ringed, and the ears range in length from in length. The dental formula is . The first upper premolar is absent, the canine is pronounced, and the molars have a longitudinal furrow.
Indian flying fox | Description
The holotype was collected in Moulmein, Myanmar. Its range includes Myanmar and Thailand.
Andersen's flying fox | Range and habitat
The fennec fox is distributed in the Sahara from Morocco and Mauritania to northern Niger through Egypt and the Sinai Peninsula. It inhabits small sand dunes and vast treeless sand areas with sparse vegetation such as grasses, sedges and small shrubs.
Fennec fox | Distribution and habitat
It is found in South Asian countries like India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Pakistan and Bangladesh towards Russian Far East of China, Siberia, Japan, Korea to South East Asian Sundaland.
Euthrix laeta | Distribution
It is found in Bangladesh, Nepal and northwestern India (Simla). The type locality is given as "Nepal 83 55' 28 15' 1500 m (Nähe Pokhara)". Regenass & Kramer (1981) list the type locality as "Hyangcha (Nepal) 83 55' E.L. 28 15' N.B. 1500 m". Holotype: MHNG 1404.31.
Trimeresurus septentrionalis | Geographic range
The species is found mainly in the plains but in the foothills up to about 700m above sea level. They are found mainly in areas with access to open water. Their main distribution in India is from the Gangetic plains extending south to the Krishna River. Their range is increasing, with populations establishing more recently in Pakistan, Rajkot, and Bombay (since 1953), possibly aided by trade in caged birds and accidental escape. Their westerward spread in India particularly in parts of Rajasthan has been aided by changes in irrigation and farming patterns, and the spread into Sumatra has been aided by deforestation.
Pied myna | Distribution and habitat
"C. h. monticollaris" is found in the Western Ghats of India.
Coelognathus helena monticollaris | Geographic range
It is endemic to Meghalaya and Arunachal Pradesh states of north-eastern India. There is little information on habitat and ecological requirements of this species.
Chirixalus cherrapunjiae | Distribution and habitat
The type locality of this species is Toruputu Peak, Dafla Hills, , in India.
Staffordia staffordi | Distribution
This skink is found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Laos, Malaysia (northwestern), Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam. Type locality is Rangpur, Bengal [Bangladesh].
Eutropis macularia | Distribution
The swift fox lives in short-grass prairies and western grassland. They form their dens in sandy soil on open prairies, in plowed fields, or along fences. It is native to the Great Plains region of North America, and its range extends north to the southern Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada, and south to Texas. It reaches from western Iowa to Colorado, Kansas, Wyoming, Nebraska, and Montana.
Swift fox | Distribution and habitat
This species can be found in eastern India, Peninsular Malaysia, Myanmar and Sumatra. It lives in primary mixed dipterocarp forests.
Massicus pascoei | Distribution and habitat
Two allopatric populations (subspecies) occur in Africa. "O. m. virgatus" occurs from Ethiopia and southern Sudan to Tanzania. The other population, "O. m. megalotis", occurs in the southern part of Africa. It ranges from southern Zambia and Angola to South Africa, and extends as far east as Mozambique and Zimbabwe, spreading into the Cape Peninsula and toward Cape Agulhas. Home ranges vary in size from 0.3 to 3.5 km.
Bat-eared fox | Range and distribution
This species is found in the forests of the Western Ghats, generally on the ground in moist deciduous and evergreen forests.
Indirana beddomii | Distribution and habitat
Found only in the Nicobar Islands of India. The type locality given is ""den Nikobaren"".
Trimeresurus labialis | Geographic range
It is found from the outer ranges of the Himalayas throughout peninsular India except Bengal. Subspecies "C. e. limbata" is found in Sri Lanka. and it has the black apical area on the forewing darker, broader, occupying about a third of the wing; the orange patch enclosed within it is proportionately narrower, so that the black on its inner margin has the appearance of being broader proportionately than it is in the typical form. Very often this inner edge is bordered by a suffusion of sulphur yellow. Specimens from south Indian hills resemble this closely.
Colotis etrida | Range
It is known from western and north-eastern India, Nepal, Myanmar, eastern and southern China and Thailand. The habitat consists of woodland margins and shady tracks through woodland, particularly near bodies of fresh water.
Sataspes tagalica | Distribution
It is found from south-eastern Iran, east to Sri Lanka and through the highlands of the Himalaya to south-east Asia and Borneo. They sometimes stray into Turkey and Greece.
Theretra boisduvalii | Distribution
Central and western India (Bombay, Madras, Hyderabad, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar).
Eutropis trivittata | Distribution
The black-eared flying fox is native to various island groups in the Indo-Pacific. These include the Andaman Islands, the Nicobar Islands, the Mentawai Islands. It mostly roosts in large colonies in forests near the coast, especially in mangrove areas.
Black-eared flying fox | Distribution and habitat
The species prefers high altitude and moist forested habitats. It is observed mostly in elevated areas with rainfall. Roost types include caves and crevices, and may also include man-made structures. The species has been observed up till altitudes of 1,500 meters. It is known to exist in parts of Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu and in the Southern Western Ghats south of the Palghat gap, and may also exist in Kerala.
Rhinolophus indorouxii | Distribution and habitat
The species is endemic to Western Ghats mountains, occurring along the southern and western India at elevation. The type locality is the Western Ghats of southwestern India. Records of this species are from Agasthyamalai, Travancore hills, Periyar Tiger Reserve, Meghamalai, Palni hills, Anaimalai, parts of lower, western Nilgiris, Wayanad, Coorg, Malnad region of Karnataka, Castle Rock, Goa and northwards into Maharashtra in the Amboli hills. It inhabits riparian forests and is very partial to hill streams and torrents, situated within dense wet rainforests, sometimes also evergreen and deciduous forests, where it may be found on the ground, on rocks present in stream beds, on low vegetation, or in shrubs.
Trimeresurus malabaricus | Distribution and habitat
Prior to the 1960s, the Korean fox was found abundantly throughout Korea. It was found in a wide variety of habitats in the north-eastern, north-western, central and southern Korean peninsula. After the early 1960s, it was determined that populations of the fox were all but eliminated in South Korea. Its populations are also declining in the north and north-eastern areas, found now only in isolated mountain regions. It is most common in lowland forested areas, preferring edge habitats with brushy cover near a stream or river. They have also been found in Korean cemeteries, as they are located near forest edges.
Korean fox | Range
It was discovered in the mountainous Western Ghats region of south-western India.
Eriovixia gryffindori | Habitat
Found in southwestern India where it is known only from Belgaum in the state of Karnataka. The type locality given is "Indes orientalis" [East Indies].
Indotyphlops exiguus | Geographic range
This species can be found in India, Indo-China, Malaysia (the type locality is Java), and Papua New Guinea.
Xenocatantops humilis | Distribution
This species occurs in the Gulf of Bengal along South India; the Andaman Sea, Malaysia; the South China Sea, the Pacific Ocean off Indonesia and the Philippines.
Conus collisus | Distribution
This species was described from Waltair, Vizagapatam, Bay of Bengal, India. It is reported from many localities in the Indo-Pacific region.
Eubranchus ocellatus | Distribution
It is found in Darjeeling, India. Wing expanse of .
Arnetta atkinsoni | Description
Found throughout the Indian subcontinent, south of the Himalayas, east of the Thar desert until Bihar. The species is not found in Kerala and records from the Sind area are not confirmed. It is found mainly in open dry scrub forest and cultivated areas. It is not found in the eastern dry zone of Tamil Nadu, however an exhausted specimen has been observed in Pondicherry.
Large grey babbler | Distribution and habitat
The color of the fox's coat also determines where they are most likely to be found. The white morph mainly lives inland and blends in with the snowy tundra, while the blue morph occupies the coasts because its dark color blends in with the cliffs and rocks.
Arctic fox | Distribution and habitat
Fox's shaggy rat ("Dasymys foxi") is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is found only in Nigeria. Its natural habitats are moist savanna, subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland, swampland, and plantations. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Fox's shaggy rat | Introduction
Frequently found in Bangladesh, India (except in the North-West), Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal & Sri Lanka and Possibly in Bhutan.
Eutropis carinata | Distribution
The Indian muntjac is among the most widespread, but least known of all mammals in South Asia. It is found in Bangladesh, southern China, northeastern India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Pakistan, Cambodia, Vietnam, the Malay Peninsula, the Riau Archipelago, Sumatra, Bangka Island, Belitung, Java, Bali, and Borneo. It is found in tropical and subtropical deciduous forests, grasslands, savannas, and scrub forests, as well as in the hilly country on the slopes of the Himalayas, at altitudes ranging from sea level up to . They never wander far from water. "M. muntjac" is a terrestrial mammal. A close survey of its microhabitat on Hainan Island was conducted from 2001 to 2002 by tracking with radio collar the localities of three females and two males.
Indian muntjac | Distribution and habitat
Its populations are constantly threatened through habitat destruction caused by urbanization or widening of roads. Tree roosts are often felled and colonies dispersed. Smaller colonies tend to remain in place longer than larger colonies, as those larger colonies have their roosts felled more quickly.
Indian flying fox | Distribution and habitat
The small flying fox is native to islands in the Indo-Pacific region. Its range includes the Maldives, the Andaman Islands, the Nicobar Islands, Melanesia, the Philippines, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. It is found at altitudes of up to about . In many parts of its range it roosts in small outlying islands and flies to larger bodies of land to forage at night.
Small flying fox | Distribution and habitat
From snout to vent 2 inches: tail 1.7. The distribution of this species appears to be Central and eastern India.
Cyrtodactylus nebulosus | Description
It is recorded from Baluchistan, the Punjab and western India (Kutch; Rajasthan; Sindh and Madhya Pradesh). It is also found in the provinces around the Persian Gulf.
Colotis vestalis | Distribution
The species is found along the Western Ghats.
Trictenotoma grayi | Introduction
It is found in large rivers, including rivers with fast current, particularly in deeper pools near faster current, but never in small streams. It is found in the Indian Subcontinent. There are also populations in Southeast Asia (as far south as Sumatra and Borneo), but this may involve a separate species.
Bagarius yarrelli | Distribution and habitat
In India this species is found in forests at altitudes of 600-1,500 m (approximately 2,000-5,000 feet).
Hebius modestum | Habitat
The ancestral Arctic fox Vulpes qiuzhudingi is an extinct species of fox found in the Himalayas. It was primarily carnivorous. The fossils, dating from between 5.08 and 3.60 million years ago, were found in the Zanda Basin and Kunlun Mountains of Tibet. It was named after Qiu Zhuding, a paleontologist from the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The species is believed to be the ancestor of "Vulpes lagopus", the modern Arctic fox, which would support the "Out of Tibet" theory: namely, that a number of current arctic species trace their ancestry to species originally from the Tibetan Plateau.
Vulpes qiuzhudingi | Introduction
The fox squirrel's natural range extends through most of the eastern United States, north into the southern prairie provinces of Canada, and west to the Dakotas, Colorado, and Texas. They are absent (except for vagrants) in New England, New Jersey, most of New York, northern and eastern Pennsylvania, Ontario, Quebec, and the Atlantic provinces of Canada. They have been introduced to both northern and southern California, Oregon, Idaho, Montana, Washington, and New Mexico. While very versatile in their habitat choices, fox squirrels are most often found in forest patches of 40 hectares or less with an open understory, or in urban neighborhoods with trees.
Fox squirrel | Distribution
Corsac foxes live in the steppes and semidesert of central and northeast Asia. They are found throughout Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, and through all except the northernmost regions of Mongolia. In the south, their range extends into the more northern parts of Iran, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan, and China, and they can also be found in neighbouring regions of Russia. Three subspecies are currently recognised: These foxes inhabit open grassy steppes and semideserts, and avoid dense vegetation and mountainous regions. True deserts with drifting sands are also avoided, as are snowfields more than about deep. Corsac foxes generally stay far away from human disturbances.
Corsac fox | Distribution and habitat
The hoary fox is native to south-central Brazil, although some sightings have been recorded from the north of the country, and Pleistocene fossils are known from Argentina. Although they may be found in more marginal habitats, they usually live in the cerrado, between elevation, where open woodlands, bushlands, and savannahs that are smooth or scattered with trees occur. No subspecies are recognized.
Hoary fox | Range
The South American gray fox is found in the Southern Cone of South America, particularly in Argentina and Chile. Its range comprises a stripe, both sides of the Andes Mountain Range between parallels 17ºS (northernmost Chile) and 54ºS (Tierra del Fuego). In Argentina, this species inhabits the western semiarid region of the country, from the Andean spurs (ca. 69ºW) to meridian 66ºW. South from the Río Grande, the distribution of the fox widens reaching the Atlantic coast. In Chile, it is present throughout the country. Its presence in Peru has been mentioned; to date, however, there has been no confirmation of it.
South American gray fox | Range and habitat
This species is endemic to the Andaman & Nicobar Islands in Bay of Bengal, India. Within these islands, it is found only in the Andaman Islands, north of Ten Degree Channel.
Cyrtodactylus rubidus | Distribution
It is found in Southern Western Ghats in Tamil Nadu and Kerala states of South India (Palni, High Wavy Mountains and Travancore hills, 5,000-7,000 feet).
Uropeltis pulneyensis | Geographic range
"Gongylophis conicus" is found in India south of about 30°N latitude, Nepal, Bangladesh and in the northern arid region of Sri Lanka. The type locality given is ""India orientali" ".
Gongylophis conicus | Geographic range
It is found widely in southern Western Ghats from the regions of Coorg and Wayanad to Periyar, on both sides of the Palakkad Gap.
Pseudophilautus wynaadensis | Distribution
The type locality for this species is Southeastern India.
Berthelinia ganapati | Distribution
It is found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, and Nepal. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.
Pale-chinned blue flycatcher | Distribution
It occurs in the forests within the national parks of Black River Gorges, Combo and Bel Ombre. Occasionally, it can also be found in fruit plantations, which causes conflicts with the farmers.
Mauritian flying fox | Habitat
Found in the Western Ghats of South India. Found in high elevation (> 1200 m asl) montane "Shola" forests, under rocks, fallen logs and in piles of debris.
Platyplectrurus | Geographic range
"Indotyphlops porrectus" is found in Bangladesh, India, northern Myanmar, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. The type locality given is "Hurdwár, ... Calcutta, ... foot of the Parisnáth hill (in Western Bengal), ... base of the Rangnu valley below Darjíling, ... and south of Agra" [northern and eastern India].
Indotyphlops porrectus | Geographic range
Salim Ali had claimed that the two species were mutually exclusive, however there is no support for this. The distribution in western India is larger and better known, ranging mainly in areas of Kutch and extending into parts of Rajasthan and Haryana. A specimen in the British Museum marked as being from "Bootan" (Bhutan) is considered to be in error. Records from Wynaad, Anshi National Park and Dharwad have also been considered doubtful.
White-naped tit | Distribution and habitat
It has been found between 33.7 and 40.1 longitude and 15.3 to 28.6 latitude.
Fromia ghardaqana | Distribution
Found in North-Eastern India; northern Burma (Myanmar); and southeastern Xizang (Tibet), China. The type locality listed is "near A-ni Bridge, Medo Xian, Xizang [Tibet], alt. 1,200 m [3,900 ft]" [Autonomous Region, China].
Trimeresurus medoensis | Geographic range
Only in its type locality. It is found in densely silk-lined burrows, between wide, which originate from under stones or at the base of trees. The burrow's mouth is funnel-like, with white silk extending so as to form a sort of collar.
Acanthogonatus mulchen | Distribution
"F. sanctijohannis" is found in Bhutan, northern India (Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir), northern Myanmar, Nepal, and Pakistan.
St. John's keelback | Geographic range
This species is found in main Peninsular India from Sindh (Pakistan), to the West Bengal plains and also in Dharmanagar, Tripura. It occurs throughout South India and Sri Lanka at elevations up to about 1600 m. It is also recorded from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal. Its range comprises a wide variety of habitats. It is found in fields and low scrub jungle, as well as inhabited areas. It is known to take up residence in termite mounds, brick piles, rat holes, even inside houses. It is frequently found in water or in proximity to a water source.
Common krait | Distribution and habitat
The species is found in southern India, the Nilgiris the Western Ghats, northeast India, Myanmar, the Andaman Islands and Sri Lanka. (Specimens from the Andamans have the lilacine-white terminal markings on the underside very broad and diffuse.)
Neptis jumbah | Distribution