Leonardo da Vinci (; 14/15 April 14522 May 1519) was an Italian polymath of the High Renaissance who is widely considered one of the greatest painters of all time. The "Mona Lisa" is the most famous of his works and the most famous portrait ever made. "The Last Supper" is the most reproduced religious painting of all time and his "Vitruvian Man" drawing is also regarded as a cultural icon. He is also known for his notebooks, in which he made drawings and notes on science and invention; these involve a variety of subjects including anatomy, cartography, painting, and palaeontology.
Introduction
Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo da Vinci | Introduction
Painter, engineer Painter Italian polymath of the High Renaissance who is widely considered one of the greatest painters of all time A polymath and painter
when was the first man made diamond made
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1954
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Pure carbon, the belt press, the cubic press and the split-sphere (BARS) press.
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High pressure, high temperature.
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Machine tools and cutting tools; as a Thermal conductor; as an Optical material; semiconductors ; gemstones
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A machine for handling or machining metal or other rigid materials, usually by cutting, boring, grinding, shearing, or other forms of deformation
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Forerunners of machine tools included bow drills and potter's wheels, which had existed in ancient Egypt prior to 2500 BC, and lathes, known to have existed in multiple regions of Europe since at least 1000 to 500 BC.
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Leonardo da Vinci
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where was he born?
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Tuscan hill town of Vinci, Republic of Florence.
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what was his profession?
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Leonardo's collective works compose a contribution to later generations of artists rivalled only by that of his contemporary Michelangelo. Properly named Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci, Leonardo was born out of wedlock to a notary, Piero da Vinci, and a peasant woman, Caterina, in Vinci, in the region of Florence, Italy. Leonardo was educated in the studio of the renowned Italian painter Andrea del Verrocchio. Much of his earlier working life was spent in the service of Ludovico il Moro in Milan, and he later worked in Rome, Bologna and Venice. He spent his last three years in France, where he died in 1519.
Leonardo da Vinci | Introduction
In Florence, Leonardo lived at premises of the Servite Community, and at that time drew the large cartoon for the "Madonna and Child and St Anne", which attracted a lot of popular attention. He is also reported to have had a job to do for King Louis XII of France. Between 1506 and 1513 Leonardo was once again based mostly in Milan. In 1507 Francesco Melzi joined his household as an apprentice, and remained with him until his death. In 1513 Leonardo left Milan for Rome and was employed by the Medici family. In 1516 he went to France as court painter to King Francis I.
Personal life of Leonardo da Vinci | Biography
Leonardo was born to unmarried parents on 15 April 1452, "at the third hour of the night" in the Tuscan hill town of Vinci, in the lower valley of the Arno River in the territory of the Republic of Florence. He was the out-of-wedlock son of the wealthy Messer Piero Fruosino di Antonio da Vinci, a Florentine legal notary, and an orphaned girl, Caterina di Meo Lippi. His full birth name was "Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci", meaning "Leonardo, (son) of (Mes)ser Piero from Vinci". The inclusion of the title "ser" indicated that Leonardo's father was a gentleman. Leonardo spent his first five years in the hamlet of Anchiano in the home of his mother, then from 1457 lived in the household of his father, grandparents and uncle, Francesco, in the small town of Vinci.
Personal life of Leonardo da Vinci | Biography
Vasari says of the child Leonardo "He would have been very proficient in his early lessons, if he had not been so volatile and flexible; for he was always setting himself to learn a multitude of things, most of which were shortly abandoned. When he began the study of arithmetic, he made, within a few months, such remarkable progress that he could baffle his master with the questions and problems that he raised... All the time, through all his other enterprises, Leonardo never ceased drawing..." Leonardo's father, Ser Piero, realising that his son's talents were extraordinary, took some of his drawings to show his friend, Andrea del Verrocchio, who ran one of the largest artists' workshops in Florence.
Personal life of Leonardo da Vinci | Interests
In 1482, he casted a silver stringed instrument from a horse's skull and ram horns to bring to Sforza, whom he wrote a letter describing the diverse things that he could achieve in the fields of engineering and weapon design, and mentioning that he could paint. With Alberti, Leonardo visited the home of the Medici and through them came to know the older Humanist philosophers of whom Marsiglio Ficino, proponent of Neo Platonism; Cristoforo Landino, writer of commentaries on Classical writings, and John Argyropoulos, teacher of Greek and translator of Aristotle were the foremost. Also associated with the Platonic Academy of the Medici was Leonardo's contemporary, the brilliant young poet and philosopher Pico della Mirandola.
Leonardo da Vinci | Professional life
As Leonardo became successful as an artist, he was given permission to dissect human corpses at the Hospital of Santa Maria Nuova in Florence. Later he dissected in Milan at the hospital Maggiore, and in Rome at the Ospedale di Santo Spirito (the first mainland Italian hospital). From 1510 to 1511 he collaborated in his studies with the doctor Marcantonio della Torre. I have removed the skin from a man who was so shrunk by illness that the muscles were worn down and remained in a state like thin membrane, in such a way that the sinews instead of merging in muscles ended in wide membrane; and where the bones were covered by the skin they had very little over their natural size.
Science and inventions of Leonardo da Vinci | Dissection
He was employed by Ludovico from 1481 to 1499, during which time his most important works were the "Virgin of the Rocks", the "Last Supper" and a huge model of a horse for an equestrian monument which was never completed. Other important events during this time were the arrival in his studio of the boy Salaì in 1490, and in 1491 the marriage of Ludovico Sforza to Beatrice d'Este, for which he organized the celebrations. When Milan was invaded by the French in 1499, Leonardo left and spent some time in Venice, and possibly Rome and Naples before returning to Florence.
Personal life of Leonardo da Vinci | Biography
Leonardo Domenici was born in Florence in 1955, later graduating in moral philosophy from the University of Florence.
Leonardo Domenici | Biography
Leonardo sent the following letter to Ludovico Sforza, the ruler of Milan, in 1482:
Personal life of Leonardo da Vinci | Résumé
In January 1478, Leonardo received an independent commission to paint an altarpiece for the Chapel of St. Bernard in the Palazzo Vecchio, an indication of his independence from Verrocchio's studio. An anonymous early biographer, known as Anonimo Gaddiano, claims that in 1480 Leonardo was living with the Medici and often worked in the garden of the Piazza San Marco, Florence, where a Neoplatonic academy of artists, poets and philosophers organized by the Medici met. In March 1481, he received a commission from the monks of for "The Adoration of the Magi". Neither of these initial commissions were completed, being abandoned when Leonardo went to offer his services to Duke of Milan Ludovico Sforza.
Leonardo da Vinci | Professional life
Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) was an Italian Renaissance polymath. Da Vinci may also refer to:
Da Vinci (disambiguation) | Introduction
Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) was an Italian Renaissance polymath. Leonardo da Vinci may also refer to:
Leonardo da Vinci (disambiguation) | Introduction
Leonardo was born on 14/15 April 1452 in the Tuscan hill town of Vinci, in the lower valley of the Arno river in the territory of the Medici-ruled Republic of Florence. He was the out-of-wedlock son of Messer Piero Fruosino di Antonio da Vinci, a wealthy Florentine legal notary, and a peasant named Caterina, identified as Caterina Buti del Vacca and more recently as Caterina di Meo Lippi by historian Martin Kemp. There have been many theories regarding Leonardo's mother's identity, including that she was a slave of foreign origin or an impoverished local youth. Leonardo had no surname in the modern sense—da Vinci simply meaning "of Vinci"; his full birth name was Lionardo di ser Piero da Vinci, meaning "Leonardo, (son) of ser Piero (from) Vinci." Leonardo spent his first years in the hamlet of Anchiano in the home of his mother, and from at least 1457 lived in the household of his father, grandparents and uncle in the small town of Vinci.
Leonardo da Vinci | Early life
Leonardo started his study in the anatomy of the human body under the apprenticeship of Verrocchio, who demanded that his students develop a deep knowledge of the subject. As an artist, he quickly became master of "topographic anatomy", drawing many studies of muscles, tendons and other visible anatomical features. As a successful artist, Leonardo was given permission to dissect human corpses at the Hospital of Santa Maria Nuova in Florence and later at hospitals in Milan and Rome. From 1510 to 1511 he collaborated in his studies with the doctor Marcantonio della Torre. Leonardo made over 240 detailed drawings and wrote about 13,000 words towards a treatise on anatomy.
Leonardo da Vinci | Anatomy and physiology
He was not to see this project fully realized, but gathered the "Codex Urbinas".
Personal life of Leonardo da Vinci | Pupils
Leonardo (1452–1519) spent his formative years training in the Florence workshop of Verrocchio before moving to Milan, where he worked from 1482 to 1499 before spending 1500 to 1506 back in Florence. Because of the scope of his interests and the extraordinary degree of talent that he demonstrated in so many diverse areas, he is regarded as the archetypal "Renaissance man". But it was first and foremost as a painter that he was admired in his own time, and as a painter, he drew on the knowledge he gained from his other interests. Leonardo was a scientific observer. He learned by looking at things.
Italian Renaissance painting | Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo was exposed to both theoretical training and a wide range of technical skills, including drafting, chemistry, metallurgy, metal working, plaster casting, leather working, mechanics, and wood-work, as well as the artistic skills of drawing, painting, sculpting, and modelling. Leonardo was a contemporary of Botticelli, Ghirlandaio and Perugino, who were all slightly older than he was. He would have met them at the workshop of Verrocchio or at the Platonic Academy of the Medici. Florence was ornamented by the works of artists such as Donatello's contemporaries Masaccio, whose figurative frescoes were imbued with realism and emotion, and Ghiberti, whose "Gates of Paradise", gleaming with gold leaf, displayed the art of combining complex figure compositions with detailed architectural backgrounds.
Leonardo da Vinci | Verrocchio's workshop
Leonardo da Vinci (April 15, 1452 – May 2, 1519) was born the illegitimate son of Messer Piero, a notary, and Caterina, a peasant woman. His early life was spent in the region of Vinci, in the valley of the Arno River near Florence, firstly with his mother and in later childhood in the household of his father, grandfather and uncle Francesco. His curiosity and interest in scientific observation were stimulated by his uncle Francesco, while his grandfather's keeping of journals set an example which he was to follow for most of his life, diligently recording in his own journals both the events of the day, his visual observations, his plans and his projects.
Science and inventions of Leonardo da Vinci | Condensed biography
Vasari also says: In the normal course of events many men and women are born with various remarkable qualities and talents; but occasionally, in a way that transcends nature, a single person is marvellously endowed by heaven with beauty, grace and talent in such abundance that he leaves other men far behind... Everyone acknowledged that this was true of Leonardo da Vinci, an artist of outstanding physical beauty who displayed infinite grace in everything he did and who cultivated his genius so brilliantly that all problems he studied were solved with ease. While painting "The Last Supper", Leonado wrote, "Wine is good, but water is preferable at table.
Personal life of Leonardo da Vinci | Character
The manuscript, which now appears to be incomplete, is considered a particularly useful source for the study of the history of Italian art since it is the most comprehensive biographical source before the 1550 edition of Vasari's Lives, which was being compiled over the same period. The account of the life of Leonardo da Vinci is especially detailed, and much used by later authors. One particular point, a later addition to the manuscript, has been much discussed. This states that Leonardo painted a portrait from life of "Piero Francesco del Giocondo" (or possibly just "Francesco del Giocondo"), respectively the son and the husband of Lisa del Giocondo, usually considered the sitter for the "Mona Lisa".
Anonimo Gaddiano | Contents
The interest in and appreciation of the character of Leonardo and his talents has never waned.
Cultural references to Leonardo da Vinci | Introduction
According to Vasari, Verrocchio, on seeing the beauty of the angel that his young pupil had painted, never painted again. Florence was at this time a Republic, but the city was increasingly under the influence of a single powerful family, the Medici, led by Lorenzo de' Medici, who came to be known as "Lorenzo the Magnificent". In 1481 Leonardo commenced an important commission, the painting of a large altarpiece for the church of San Donato in Scopeto. The work was never completed. Leonardo left Florence and travelled to Milan carrying a gift from Lorenzo to the regent ruler, Ludovico Sforza.
Personal life of Leonardo da Vinci | Biography
His father had married a sixteen-year-old girl named Albiera; Ser Piero married four times and produced children by his two later marriages. Leonardo's seven brothers were later to argue with him over the distribution of his father's estate. At the age of about fourteen Leonardo was apprenticed by his father to the artist Andrea del Verrocchio. Leonardo was eventually to become a paid employee of Verrocchio's studio. During his time there, Leonardo met many of the most important artists to work in Florence in the late fifteenth century including Botticelli, Domenico Ghirlandaio and Pietro Perugino. Leonardo helped Verrocchio paint "The Baptism of Christ", completed around 1475.
Personal life of Leonardo da Vinci | Biography
Leonardo da Vinci (; 14/15 April 14522 May 1519) was an Italian polymath of the High Renaissance who is widely considered one of the greatest painters of all time. The "Mona Lisa" is the most famous of his works and the most famous portrait ever made. "The Last Supper" is the most reproduced religious painting of all time and his "Vitruvian Man" drawing is also regarded as a cultural icon. He is also known for his notebooks, in which he made drawings and notes on science and invention; these involve a variety of subjects including anatomy, cartography, painting, and palaeontology.
Leonardo da Vinci | Introduction
Leonardo da Vinci had a number of powerful patrons, including the King of France. He had, over the years, a large number of followers and pupils.
Personal life of Leonardo da Vinci | Patrons, friends and colleagues
Leonardo da Vinci (April 15, 1452 – May 2, 1519) was an Italian Renaissance painter and polymath who achieved legendary fame and iconic status within his own lifetime. His renown primarily rests upon his brilliant achievements as a painter, the "Mona Lisa" and "The Last Supper", being two of the most famous artworks ever created, but also upon his diverse skills as a scientist and inventor. He became so highly valued during his lifetime that the King of France bore him home like a trophy of war, supported him in his old age and, according to legend, cradled his head as he died.
Cultural references to Leonardo da Vinci | Introduction
He was "striking and handsome" and "marvellously endowed by heaven with beauty, grace [and] outstanding physical beauty", and "displayed infinite grace in everything he did".
Personal life of Leonardo da Vinci | Physical characteristics
Da Pistoia was born in the city of Pistoia, Tuscany, and died in Naples. According to Benezit, he is often confused with Leonardo di Francesco di Lazzaro Malatesta (ca. 1483 – after 1518). Both men were known as "Leonardo da Pistoia" or as "Malatesta." In Naples, da Pistoia was also known as "Guido da Napoli" or as "Guelfo dal Celano." Early in his career, da Pistoia worked in Rome under Gianfrancesco Penni (also known as "il Fattore"). He was a copyist of Raphael's paintings. He and Penni later relocated to Naples. While there, da Pistoia painted for the churches of Santa Maria del Parto a Mergellina, San Domenico Maggiore, and Monte Oliveto.
Leonardo da Pistoia | Biography
https://archive.org/details/VinciOperaArtaserseLOperaDeNancy20121110
Leonardo Vinci | External links
This image was repeated in the woodcut designed for the first edition of Vasari's "Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects". In a 2008 TED talk, artist Siegfried Woldhek, based on Leonardo's features allegedly featured in Andrea del Verrocchio's bronze statue of "David", proposed that Leonardo may have done three self-portraits: "Portrait of a Musician", the "Vitruvian Man", and the aforementioned "Portrait of a Man in Red Chalk".
Personal life of Leonardo da Vinci | Portraits
The journals of Leonardo contain matters as mundane as grocery lists and as remarkable as diagrams for the construction of a flying machine. In 1466, Leonardo was sent to Florence to the workshop of the artist Verrocchio, in order to learn the skills of an artist. At the workshop, as well as painting and drawing, he learnt the study of topographical anatomy. He was also exposed to a very wide range of technical skills such as drafting, set construction, plasterworking, paint chemistry, and metallurgy. Among the older artists whose work stimulated Leonardo's scientific interest was Piero della Francesca, then a man in his 60s, who was one of the earliest artists to systematically employ linear perspective in his paintings, and who had a greater understanding of the science of light than any other artist of his date.
Science and inventions of Leonardo da Vinci | Condensed biography
The king gave the chateau of Clos Lucé as his home and regarded him with great esteem. It is said that the king held Leonardo's head as he died. Leonardo is buried in the Chapel of Saint-Hubert adjacent to the Château d'Amboise in France.
Personal life of Leonardo da Vinci | Biography
In 1490 Leonardo earned recognition and a breakthrough at the court of Ludovico Sforza and because of the scale of works commissioned he was permitted to have assistants and pupils in his own studio.
Leonardeschi | Introduction
Little is known about Leonardo's intimate relationships from his own writing. Some evidence of Leonardo's personal relationships emerges both from historic records and from the writings of his many biographers.
Personal life of Leonardo da Vinci | Personal relationships
In this context the experts in the field of military technology of the time were asked, including Leonardo da Vinci, who at that time was staying in Florence, which in the meantime had become a republic.
Leonardo's Rivellino | Background
Leonardo appears to have had no close relationships with women except for his friendship with Cecilia Gallerani and the two Este sisters, Beatrice and Isabella. While on a journey that took him through Mantua, he drew a portrait of Isabella that appears to have been used to create a painted portrait, now lost. Beyond friendship, Leonardo kept his private life secret. His sexuality has been the subject of satire, analysis, and speculation. This trend began in the mid-16th century and was revived in the 19th and 20th centuries, most notably by Sigmund Freud in his "Leonardo da Vinci, A Memory of His Childhood".
Leonardo da Vinci | Personal life
In the mid-1460s, Leonardo's family moved to Florence, which at the time was the centre of Christian Humanist thought and culture. Around the age of 14, he became a "garzone" (studio boy) in the workshop of Andrea del Verrocchio, who was the leading Florentine painter and sculptor of his time. This was about the time of the death of Verrocchio's master, the great sculptor Donatello. Leonardo became an apprentice by the age of 17 and remained in training for seven years. Other famous painters apprenticed in the workshop or associated with it include Ghirlandaio, Perugino, Botticelli, and Lorenzo di Credi.
Leonardo da Vinci | Verrocchio's workshop
... Small rooms or dwellings set the mind in the right path, large ones cause it to go astray. ... If you want money in abundance, you will end by not enjoying it." He also wrote, "He who wishes to become rich in a day is hanged in a year."
Personal life of Leonardo da Vinci | Character
Francesco Melzi's career is inextricably linked to Leonardo da Vinci, and this could be a reason that he is not well-known, because his master overshadowed him. Sigmund Freud attributed the lack of success of Leonardo's pupils, including the talented Francesco, to their inability to distinguish themselves as separate from their master, and thus their careers were unable to flourish after his death. Before Leonardo's death in 1519, Francesco's career consisted largely of being an assistant to, and an executor for, Leonardo. Because of their close relationship, more like father-son rather than master-apprentice, he was content with aiding and caring for Leonardo, a companion/secretary.
Francesco Melzi | Career and life
During his lifetime, Leonardo was also valued as an engineer. With the same rational and analytical approach that moved him to represent the human body and to investigate anatomy, Leonardo studied and designed many machines and devices. He drew their “anatomy” with unparalleled mastery, producing the first form of the modern technical drawing, including a perfected "exploded view" technique, to represent internal components. Those studies and projects collected in his codices fill more than 5,000 pages. In a letter of 1482 to the lord of Milan Ludovico il Moro, he wrote that he could create all sorts of machines both for the protection of a city and for siege.
Leonardo da Vinci | Engineering and inventions
Since that date much has been written about his presumed homosexuality and its role in his art, particularly in the androgyny and eroticism manifested in "Saint John the Baptist" and "Bacchus" and more explicitly in a number of erotic drawings.
Leonardo da Vinci | Personal life
Liceo Leonardo da Vinci may refer to: In Italy: Outside of Italy:
Liceo Leonardo da Vinci | Introduction
Born in Faenza to a furniture maker, he moved to Cesena with his family, and studied there till 1913, when he enrolled in the Accademia di Belle Arti di Firenze, where he studied sculpture along with Osvaldo Licini. After serving in the army during the first World War, he worked in the studio of the sculptor Ettore Ferrari in Rome, where he met the "Futurist" Giacomo Balla. He returned to Cesena where he worked with ceramics, but by 1928–1930 he began to concentrate on his engravings. He became a teacher of chalcography for the Scuola del Libro in Urbino. He remained in Urbino most of his life.
Leonardo Castellani (engraver) | Biography
Leonardo Coccorante was born in Naples, Italy. He studied or worked under Nicola Casissa, the Flemish landscape painter Jan Frans van Bloemen (1662–1749), Angelo Maria Costa (1670–1721), and finally with Gabriele Ricciardelli (active between 1741 and 1777). From 1737 to 1739, he was employed decorating the royal palace of Naples. Coccorante died in Naples in 1750.
Leonardo Coccorante | Life
Leonardo received an informal education in Latin, geometry and mathematics. In later life, Leonardo recorded few distinct childhood incidents. One was of a kite coming to his cradle and opening his mouth with its tail; he regarded this as an omen of his writing on the subject. The second occurred while he was exploring in the mountains: he discovered a cave and was both terrified that some great monster might lurk there and driven by curiosity to find out what was inside. He also seems to have remembered some of his childhood observations of water, writing and crossing out the name of his hometown in one of his notebooks on the formation of rivers.
Leonardo da Vinci | Early life
Rio who wrote in 1861: "He towered above all other artists through the strength and the nobility of his talents."
Leonardo da Vinci | Fame and reputation
Salaì is often depicted in fancy-dress costume. Leonardo is known to have designed sets for pageants with which these may be associated. Other, often meticulous, drawings show studies of drapery. A marked development in Leonardo's ability to draw drapery occurred in his early works. Another often-reproduced drawing is a macabre sketch that was done by Leonardo in Florence in 1479 showing the body of Bernardo Baroncelli, hanged in connection with the murder of Giuliano, brother of Lorenzo de' Medici, in the Pazzi conspiracy. In his notes, Leonardo recorded the colours of the robes that Baroncelli was wearing when he died.
Leonardo da Vinci | Drawings
This post he held for thirteen years, till his death in Naples. He was married three times. His fame as a teacher was considerable, and Niccolò Jommelli, Giovanni Paisiello, Giovanni Battista Pergolesi, Niccolò Piccinni and Leonardo Vinci were amongst his pupils. As a teacher, he insisted on the unreasoning observance of rules, differing thus from Scarlatti, who treated all his pupils as individuals.
Francesco Durante | Introduction
He returned to Italy for 32 months to complete his military obligation, then went back to France to resume his studies and accept employment with the Musee Grevin in Paris. He worked with the gallery's historical wax collection becoming skilled at modeling from sketches and photographs. He modeled kings, queens, presidents, and also constructed groups like the Chambor of Horrors, "Fulton's Invention of the Steamboat", and Life of Christ.
Sylvester Z. Poli | Early years
His playing career mostly consisted of amateur and minor league players with Tuscan teams such as Lucchese.
Leonardo Semplici | Playing career
His son Raffaele who was also training as an artist died in Florence at 22 years of age.
Giovan Battista Dell'Era | Introduction
Leonardo Fioravanti (151788) was a noted doctor, surgeon and alchemist active in Italy in the 16th century.
Leonardo Fioravanti (doctor) | Introduction
It is attributed to Leonardo by a number of historians of Art: Prof. Hoehnsttatt Peter (University of Parma), Alessandro Tomei (D'Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara), Maria Cristina Paoluzzi (D'Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara and Milan), Jan Royt (University of Prague), David Bershad (University of Calgary) and Orest Kormashov (University of Tallinn)..
Lucan portrait of Leonardo da Vinci | Attribution
He was born into a poor family and lost his father at the age of two. When he was twelve, he worked as a maker of silk stockings. Later, he was apprenticed to a wood carver. His neighbor there turned out to be a student of Francesco Battaglioli. Chilone was introduced to him and accepted into his school. Economic needs and family misfortunes led him to become an assistant to Alessandro Mauro, a theater architect and set designer. All of his work was done without credit. After Mauro's death, he tried briefly to work on his own but eventually accepted a position in Udine, collaborating with Antonio Mauro, to do the frescoes at a theater being decorated by the painter Giambattista Canal, whose eyesight was failing.
Vincenzo Chilone | Biography
Born in Bologna on October 5, 1517 to Gabriele and Margarite Fioravanti, Leonardo was baptised at the Metropolitan Cathedral of Saint Peter. His family had ties to the celebrated architects Aristotele Fioravanti, Bartolomeo et Aristote. He received his first degree in medicine at Naples, and his second on March 27, 1568 at Bologna. He was elevated into the nobility by the king of Spain. He lived for a time in Rome and in Venice, and also in other important Italian cities. In Palermo, he performed the first recorded splenectomy on Italian soil. Fioravanti died in Bologna in 1588.
Leonardo Fioravanti (doctor) | Biography
Though he did all facets of carpentry work, his main employment was as class-A high-rise.
Dagoberto Gilb | Background
He was born Carlo A. Vinciguerra on February 27, 1906 in the city of New York, as the only son of a family of Italian immigrants. His father Andrea was a barber, and his mother Maria a seamstress. He worked as a commercial artist from 1921 to 1932. In 1933, he was hired at the Van Beuren Studios in New York as an animator, where he trained a young newcomer named Joe Barbera. When Van Beuren closed, Vinci found work at the Terrytoons studio. In 1938, he met his future wife Margaret Leonardi. They married in 1939, they became parents to four children and they also had 10 grandchildren and were together for the next 54 years.
Carlo Vinci | Biography
Although he had no formal academic training, many historians and scholars regard Leonardo as the prime exemplar of the "Renaissance Man" or "Universal Genius", an individual of "unquenchable curiosity" and "feverishly inventive imagination." He is widely considered one of the most diversely talented individuals ever to have lived. According to art historian Helen Gardner, the scope and depth of his interests were without precedent in recorded history, and "his mind and personality seem to us superhuman, while the man himself mysterious and remote." Scholars interpret his view of the world as being based in logic, though the empirical methods he used were unorthodox for his time.
Leonardo da Vinci | Introduction
He was born at Strongoli and educated at Naples under Gaetano Greco in the Conservatorio dei Poveri di Gesù Cristo. He first became known for his "opere buffe" in Neapolitan dialect in 1719; he also composed many "opere serie." He was received into the Congregation of the Rosary at Formiello in 1728. He died in May 1730. Vinci is rumoured to have been poisoned by a jealous husband in the wake of an ill-advised affair, a story which is given by several reliable authorities without evident contradictions. Vinci's "opere buffe," of which "Li zite 'ngalera" (1722) is generally regarded as the best, are full of life and spirit; his opere serie, of which "Didone Abbandonata" (Rome, 1726) and "Artaserse" (Rome, 1730) are the most notable, have an incisive vigour and directness of dramatic expression praised by Charles Burney.
Leonardo Vinci | Life and career
Italian researchers found that Zeffirelli was one of a handful of living people traceably consanguineous with Leonardo da Vinci. He was a descendant of one of da Vinci's siblings. Zeffirelli graduated from the Accademia di Belle Arti Firenze in 1941 and, following his father's advice, entered the University of Florence to study art and architecture. After World War II broke out, he fought as a partisan, before he met up with British soldiers of the 1st Scots Guards and became their interpreter. After the war, he re-entered the University of Florence to continue his studies, but when he saw Laurence Olivier's "Henry V" in 1945, he directed his attention toward theatre instead.
Franco Zeffirelli | Early life
He studied the anatomy from an exterior perspective as an apprentice under Andrea del Verrocchio that started in 1466. During his apprenticeship, Leonardo mastered drawing detailed versions of anatomical structures such as muscles and tendons by 1472.
Cadaver | In art
Leonardo was accepted for apprenticeship and "soon proved himself a first class geometrician". Vasari says that during his youth Leonardo made a number of clay heads of smiling women and children from which casts were still being made and sold by the workshop some 80 years later. Among his earliest significant known paintings are the "Annunciation" in the Uffizi, the angel that he painted as a collaboration with Verrocchio in "The Baptism of Christ", and a small predella of the "Annunciation" to go beneath an altarpiece by Lorenzo di Credi. The little predella picture is probably the earliest. The diversity of Leonardo's interests, remarked on by Vasari as apparent in his early childhood, was to express itself in his journals which record his scientific observations of nature, his meticulous dissection of corpses to understand anatomy, his experiments with machines for flying, for generating power from water and for besieging cities, his studies of geometry and his architectural plans, as well as personal memos and creative writing including fables.
Personal life of Leonardo da Vinci | Interests
Leonardo maintained long-lasting relationships with two pupils who were apprenticed to him as children. These were Gian Giacomo Caprotti da Oreno, who entered his household in 1490 at the age of 10, and Count Francesco Melzi, the son of a Milanese aristocrat who was apprenticed to Leonardo by his father in 1506, at the age of 14, remaining with him until his death. Gian Giacomo was nicknamed "Salaì" or "il Salaino" meaning "the little devil". Vasari describes him as "a graceful and beautiful youth with fine curly hair". The "Little Devil" lived up to his nickname: a year after his entering the household Leonardo made a list of the boy’s misdemeanours, calling him "a thief, a liar, stubborn, and a glutton".
Personal life of Leonardo da Vinci | Pupils
Little is known about Evola's early upbringing except that he considered it irrelevant. He studied engineering at the Istituto Tecnico Leonardo da Vinci in Rome, but did not complete his course, later claiming this was because he "did not want to be associated in any way with bourgeois academic recognition and titles such as doctor and engineer."
Julius Evola | Life
Leonardo da Vinci School, (1930 - 1938) New York University School of Architecture and Allied Arts. Bachelor of Fine Arts, magna cum laude, 1940 Yale University School of Art, MFA, 1942
Robert Borgatta | Education
In particular, he studied the human form, dissecting thirty or more unclaimed cadavers from a hospital in order to understand muscles and sinews. More than any other artist, he advanced the study of "atmosphere". In his paintings such as the "Mona Lisa" and "Virgin of the Rocks", he used light and shade with such subtlety that, for want of a better word, it became known as Leonardo's "sfumato" or "smoke".
Florentine painting | Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo da Vinci made his anatomical sketches based on observing and dissecting 30 cadavers. His sketches were very detailed and included organs, muscles of superior extremity, the hand, and the skull. Leonardo was well known for his three-dimensional drawings. His anatomical drawings were not found until 380 years after his death.
Medical Renaissance | Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519)
But despite Salaì's thievery and general delinquency—he made off with money and valuables on at least five occasions, spent a fortune on apparel, including twenty-four pairs of shoes, and eventually died in a duel—he remained Leonardo's servant and assistant for thirty years. At Leonardo's death he was bequeathed the "Mona Lisa", a valuable piece even then, valued in Salaì's own will at the equivalent of £200,000. Melzi accompanied Leonardo in his final days in France. On Leonardo's death he wrote a letter to inform Leonardo's brothers, describing him as "like an excellent father to me" and goes on to say: "Everyone is grieved at the loss of such a man that Nature no longer has it in her power to produce." Melzi subsequently played an important role as the guardian of Leonardo's notebooks, preparing them for publication in the form directed by the master.
Personal life of Leonardo da Vinci | Pupils
Leonardo is the son of Michelino Molinari da Besozzo, a prominent painter in Lombardy in the early, 15th century. Born in Besozzo, he also worked in Naples with Perinetto da Benevento in the fresco decoration of the church of San Giovanni a Carbonara.
Leonardo da Besozzo | Biography
Leonardo da Vinci was described by his early biographers as a man with great personal appeal, kindness, and generosity. He was generally well loved by his contemporaries. According to Vasari, "Leonardo's disposition was so lovable that he commanded everyone's affection". He was "a sparkling conversationalist" who charmed Ludovico Sforza with his wit. Vasari sums him up by saying: ... his magnificent presence brought comfort to the most troubled soul; he was so persuasive that he could bend other people to his will. ... He was so generous that he fed all his friends, rich or poor... Through his birth Florence received a very great gift, and through his death it sustained an incalculable loss.
Personal life of Leonardo da Vinci | Character
Leonardo Sinisgalli (1908–1981) was an Italian poet and art critic active from the 1930s to the 1970s. Sinisgalli was born in Montemurro, Basilicata. His early education and careers led to him being called the "engineer poet". In 1925, Sinisgalli moved to Rome where he studied engineering and mathematics. After completing his engineering degree in 1932, he moved to Milan where he worked as an architect and graphic artist. He was a close friend of the poet Giuseppe Ungaretti and painter Scipione. He worked at Milan for architecture and graphic design projects.
Leonardo Sinisgalli | Introduction
After a period of military service in the Italian Air Force, where he worked as a medical officer with the rank of Lieutenant, he joined as Assistant Professor of Surgery in the Department of Surgery of the Division of Transplantation in the School of Medicine of the University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Camillo Ricordi | Career
Widowed two years later at the age of 32, Emilia married Francesco. That year he opened a studio in Rome. In 1933 he completed a "Portrait of Pope Pius XI", displayed in the Vatican. In 1935 he completed a monument to Leonardo da Vinci for his tomb at the Château d'Amboise. He died in Washington, D.C., where he had traveled to create a portrait of President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Francesco La Monaca | Biography
One might question Leonardo's concern for human life, given his weapon designs. Nothing came of his designs for offensive weapons. It is possible his mention of his capabilities of creating weapons helped him in his quest to find powerful patrons, or perhaps he was fond of drawing them as he was of gargoyles. He did work on fortifications, however. In his own words: He referred to war as "pazzia bestialissima", the "most bestial madness".
Personal life of Leonardo da Vinci | Weapons and war
Leonardo, because of the scope of his interests and the extraordinary degree of talent that he demonstrated in so many diverse areas, is regarded as the archetypal "Renaissance man". But it was first and foremost as a painter that he was admired within his own time, and as a painter, he drew on the knowledge that he gained from all his other interests. Leonardo was a scientific observer. He learned by looking at things. He studied and drew the flowers of the fields, the eddies of the river, the form of the rocks and mountains, the way light reflected from foliage and sparkled in a jewel.
Florentine painting | Leonardo da Vinci
In 1971, he entered the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy, which trains papal diplomats.
Leonardo Sandri | Early life and career
Born in Des Moines, Iowa, Leonardo graduated from Dowling High School in 1965. He received a BA degree from the University of Notre Dame in 1969 and a JD from the George Washington University Law School in 1972.
John S. Leonardo | Early life and education
The personal life of Leonardo da Vinci (15 April 1452 – 2 May 1519) has been a subject of interest, inquiry, and speculation since the years immediately following his death. Leonardo has long been regarded as the archetypal Renaissance man, described by the Renaissance biographer Giorgio Vasari as having qualities that "transcended nature" and being "marvellously endowed with beauty, grace and talent in abundance". Interest in and curiosity about Leonardo has continued unabated for five hundred years. Modern descriptions and analysis of Leonardo's character, personal desires and intimate behavior have been based upon various sources: records concerning him, his biographies, his own written journals, his paintings, his drawings, his associates, and commentaries that were made concerning him by contemporaries.
Personal life of Leonardo da Vinci | Introduction
When he fled from Milan to Venice in 1499, he found employment as an engineer and devised a system of moveable barricades to protect the city from attack. In 1502, he created a scheme for diverting the flow of the Arno river, a project on which Niccolò Machiavelli also worked. He continued to contemplate the canalization of Lombardy's plains while in Louis XII's company and of the Loire and its tributaries in the company of Francis I. Leonardo's journals include a vast number of inventions, both practical and impractical. They include musical instruments, a mechanical knight, hydraulic pumps, reversible crank mechanisms, finned mortar shells, and a steam cannon.
Leonardo da Vinci | Engineering and inventions
She undertakes a critical understanding of how science is fabricated, following scientists doing fieldwork and the way they actively create links and specific relationships to their objects of study.
Vinciane Despret | Biography
Leonardo began the formal study of the topographical anatomy of the human body when apprenticed to Andrea del Verrocchio. As a student he would have been taught to draw the human body from life, to memorize the muscles, tendons and visible subcutaneous structure and to familiarise himself with the mechanics of the various parts of the skeletal and muscular structure. It was common workshop practice to have plaster casts of parts of the human anatomy available for students to study and draw. If, as is thought to be the case, Leonardo painted the torso and arms of Christ in "The Baptism of Christ" on which he famously collaborated with his master Verrocchio, then his understanding of topographical anatomy had surpassed that of his master at an early age as can be seen by a comparison of the arms of Christ with those of John the Baptist in the same painting.
Science and inventions of Leonardo da Vinci | Topographic anatomy
Descriptions and portraits of Leonardo combine to create an image of a man who was tall for his time and place, athletic and extremely handsome. He may have been at least 5 ft 8in (173cm) tall, based on the length of his purported skeleton. However, the remains, which were attributed to Leonardo due to the unusually large skull and accompanying stone fragments inscribed "EO [...] DUS VINC", have not yet been positively identified. Portraits indicate that as an older man, he wore his hair long, at a time when most men wore it cropped short, or reaching to the shoulders.
Personal life of Leonardo da Vinci | Physical characteristics
Leonardo De Lorenzo (August 29, 1875 – July 29, 1962) was an Italian virtuoso flautist and music educator.
Leonardo De Lorenzo | Introduction
Leonardo da Vinci and A Memory of His Childhood () is a 1910 essay by Sigmund Freud about Leonardo da Vinci. It consists of a psychoanalytic study of Leonardo's life based on his paintings.
Leonardo da Vinci, A Memory of His Childhood | Introduction
Leonardo del Tasso (16th-century) was an Italian sculptor active mainly in Florence. He was a pupil of Andrea Contucci, called il Sansovino. He sculpted for the churches of Sant'Ambrogio un San Sebastiano, and Santa Maria Maddalena dei Pazzi in Florence. Giorgio Vasari spoke of the sculptor.
Leonardo del Tasso | Introduction
Comment moved to Tuscany, where for four years he taught at the University of Pisa. He worked as a sports journalist, before moving to Paris to join as a research fellow at the School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences.
Bernard Comment | Career
He led an abstemious life in Rome, maintaining himself by painting Romantic landscapes which frequently included historical subjects. He also painted scenes for a self-composed opera. In 1830 he returned to Turin and, after his father's death in 1831, moved to Milan. He resided in Milan for twelve years, moving in the city's literary and artistic circles and, in 1834, helped to organise the "Salotto Maffei" salon, hosted by Clara Maffei. He became an intimate of Alessandro Manzoni the novelist, whose daughter he married. At that point, literature instead of art became his chief occupation; he produced two historical novels, "Niccolò dei Lapi" and "Ettore Fieramosca", in imitation of Walter Scott.
Massimo d'Azeglio | Early political career
His record performance was a lift of two hundred and twenty kilos. His first apprenticeship was as a bricklayer. In 1976 he moved to Paris to work as an assistant to the fashion photographer Lothar Schmid. He also completed a qualification as a stonemason in Rapperswil, his Swiss hometown. He also took an apprenticeship as a sports masseur to study human anatomy. He went on to work for Hans Joerg Limbach, studying as the distinguished sculptor's sole student.
Alfredo Battistini | Life
Initially trained by the court painter of Franciszek Maksymilian Ossoliński, in 1711 he went to Rome, where was admitted to Accademia di San Luca. His tutor was Benedetto Luti. During his apprenticeship in Rome he practiced copying works of famous artists, such as Raphael (designs of tapestries), Guido Reni ("Crucifixion", today in the St. Stanisław's Church in Rome; "Massacre of the Innocents", Lviv Gallery of Art), Peter Paul Rubens ("Christ among the Pharisees"), Federico Barocci ("Deposition", Lviv Gallery of Art). In 1716 he was awarded by the Accademia for two of his drawings, "Samson vanquishing the lion" and "Victorious return from the expedition".
Szymon Czechowicz | Life and professional career
Ferrulli was born in Brindisi on 1 January 1918. In 1935, he enrolled in the air force, entering flight training at the Benevento Flight School before the age of 18 years. After completing his training as a military pilot, he was assigned to the 4° Stormo.
Leonardo Ferrulli | Early life
Michael White points out that willingness to discuss aspects of Leonardo's sexual identity has varied according to contemporary attitudes. His near-contemporary biographer Vasari makes no reference to Leonardo's sexuality whatsoever. In the 20th century, biographers made explicit references to a probability that Leonardo was homosexual, though others concluded that for much of his life he was celibate.
Personal life of Leonardo da Vinci | Sexuality
Among the drawings of Leonardo da Vinci is a sketch of a machine tool for the cutting of files (the chisel would make one strike, swaging a tooth, then automatically advance into position for the next tooth, and strike again).
File (tool) | History
In 1482, Leonardo was sent as an ambassador by Lorenzo de' Medici to Ludovico il Moro, who ruled Milan between 1479 and 1499. Leonardo worked in Milan from 1482 until 1499. He was commissioned to paint the "Virgin of the Rocks" for the Confraternity of the Immaculate Conception and "The Last Supper" for the monastery of Santa Maria delle Grazie. In the spring of 1485, Leonardo travelled to Hungary on behalf of Sforza to meet king Matthias Corvinus, and was commissioned by him to paint a Madonna. Leonardo was employed on many other projects for Sforza, including the preparation of floats and pageants for special occasions, and wooden model for a competition to design the cupola for Milan Cathedral (which he withdrew), and a model for a huge equestrian monument to Ludovico's predecessor Francesco Sforza.
Leonardo da Vinci | Professional life
Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) was trained in anatomy by Andrea del Verrocchio. He made use of his anatomical knowledge in his artwork, making many sketches of skeletal structures, muscles and organs of humans and other vertebrates that he dissected. Andreas Vesalius (1514–1564) (Latinized from Andries van Wezel), professor of anatomy at the University of Padua, is considered the founder of modern human anatomy. Originally from Brabant, Vesalius published the influential book "De humani corporis fabrica" ("the structure of the human body"), a large format book in seven volumes, in 1543. The accurate and intricately detailed illustrations, often in allegorical poses against Italianate landscapes, are thought to have been made by the artist Jan van Calcar, a pupil of Titian.
Anatomy | Medieval to early modern
One of his main tasks was to scribe his master's Codex Trivulzianus, a manuscript of learned words and ideas, which is presumed to have been written entirely in Milan because Francesco (or Leonardo) scribed "Milan" on the last page. Francesco was Leonardo's only pupil who stayed with him until his death, traveling and working with him in Milan, Rome, and France. He accompanied the master painter to Milan, where the French governor of Milan Charles d'Amboise was Leonardo's patron, and went to Rome with him in 1513. In his notebook Leonardo wrote, "I left Milan for Rome on the 24th day of September 1513, with Giovanni Boltraffio, Francesco de' Melzi, Lorenzo di Credi, and il Fanfoia." After three years in Rome, Francesco accompanied Leonardo to France in 1516 where they stayed in the Chateau de Cloux in Amboise.
Francesco Melzi | Career and life
C. Pedretti (ed.), "Leonardo Da Vinci on Painting: A Lost Book (Libro A)" (Los Angeles, 1964). C. Pedretti, "Leonardo: A Study in Chronology and Style" (Los Angeles, 1973). C. Pedretti, "Leonardo: The Machines" (Florence, 1999) (transl. Catherine Frost).
Carlo Pedretti | Selected bibliography
Born in the village of Piano di Coreglia, a suburb of Lucca, Tuscany, Italy on New Year's Eve, 1858, his father was a church organist, and his mother made cakes and candies to sell. He began to show a talent for sketching and modeling at a young age, which his mother encouraged. During the Franco-Prussian War, the Poli's gave refuge to the family of noted French sculptor, and intimate friend of Napoleon, M. Dublex. Sylvester left his home at the young age of 13 to accompany Dublex back to Paris, where he would take on an apprenticeship to learn the art of modeling in clay and wax.
Sylvester Z. Poli | Early years
In the early 1890s he was made an honorary member of the Accademia Albertina and became secretary of the "Circolo degli Artisti" (‘Artists’ Circle’).
Leonardo Bistolfi | Work
Pierino da Vinci (; –1553/54), born Pier Francesco di Bartolomeo di Ser Piero da Vinci, was an Italian sculptor, born in the small town of Vinci in Tuscany; he was the nephew of Leonardo da Vinci. The son of Bartolomeo da Vinci, Leonardo’s younger brother, Pierino demonstrated artistic ability at an early age; and was seen by his family as the heir to his uncle's talent. He studied under both Baccio Bandinelli (1488–1560) and Niccolò Tribolo (1500–1550). Pierino died from malarial fever at the age of 23, in Pisa, in 1553-4. The biographical information about this artist comes almost exclusively from "Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects" by Giorgio Vasari; this history of art and artists reports a mixture of fact and legend, making it difficult to establish reliable historical information about the subject, in the absence of other sources.
Pierino da Vinci | Introduction
While most men were shaven or wore close-cropped beards, Leonardo's beard flowed over his chest. His clothing is described as being unusual in his choice of bright colours, and at a time when most mature men wore long garments, Leonardo's preferred outfit was the short tunic and hose generally worn by younger men. This image of Leonardo has been recreated in the statue of him that stands outside the Uffizi Gallery. According to Vasari, Leonardo possessed "great strength and dexterity", being "physically so strong that he could withstand violence and with his right hand he could bend the ring of an iron door knocker or a horseshoe as if they were lead".
Personal life of Leonardo da Vinci | Physical characteristics