Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913April 22, 1994) was the 37th president of the United States, serving from 1969 until 1974. A member of the Republican Party, Nixon previously served as the 36th vice president from 1953 to 1961, having risen to national prominence as a representative and senator from California. After five years in the White House that saw the conclusion to the U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War, détente with the Soviet Union and China, and the establishment of the Environmental Protection Agency, he became the only president to resign from the office. Nixon was born into a poor family in a small town in Southern California.
Introduction
Richard Nixon
Richard Nixon | Introduction
The 37th president of the United States. The 37th president of the United States 37th president of the United States. 37th president of the United States
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An address by Senator Richard Nixon.
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The Checkers speech or Fund speech was an address made on September 23, 1952, by California Senator Richard Nixon, six weeks before the 1952 United States presidential election, in which he was the Republican candidate for Vice President. Nixon had been accused of improprieties relating to a fund established by his backers to reimburse him for his political expenses. His place was in doubt on the Republican ticket, so he flew to Los Angeles and delivered a half-hour television address in which he defended himself, attacked his opponents, and urged the audience to contact the Republican National Committee (RNC) to tell it whether he should remain on the ticket.
Checkers speech | Introduction
The campaign arranged to use the El Capitan Theatre, in Hollywood, where several NBC variety shows were then broadcast, since its lighting was superior to that of NBC Studios. Nixon told the press that he would be addressing the nation on television, but refused to take any questions about what he might say. On Monday morning, Nixon flew to Los Angeles, making notes for his speech aboard the plane. He jotted down the line he had said in Eugene regarding his wife's coat. He made notes concerning the family finances, upsetting Pat Nixon, who asked why people had to know their financial details.
Checkers speech | Preparation and setting
Richard Nixon (1913–1994) was an American politician, the President of the United States from 1969 until 1974. Richard Nixon may also refer to:
Richard Nixon (disambiguation) | Introduction
Nixon spent some time practicing movements for the cameramen and finally went into the dressing room with his wife for a few minutes of solitude. He told her that he did not think he could go through with it, but she reassured him.
Checkers speech | Delivering the address
He went through different ways that political expenses could be met. One way was to be rich, but the senator stated that he was not rich. Another way was to put one's spouse on the Congressional office payroll, as, he stated, his Democratic rival, Senator John Sparkman, had done. Nixon did not feel comfortable doing that himself with so many deserving stenographers in Washington needing work, though Pat Nixon was a "wonderful stenographer" and sometimes helped out in the office as a volunteer. At this point, the camera turned from Nixon for the first time to reveal Pat Nixon sitting alongside the desk.
Checkers speech | Introduction and office expenses
Reading parts of a letter from the wife of a serviceman fighting in the Korean War, who, despite her financial woes, had scraped together $10 to donate to the campaign, Nixon promised that he would never cash that check.
Checkers speech | Attack on Democrats; request for public to write
The El Capitan Theatre, at Nixon's insistence, was entirely deserted. Press members were confined to a nearby room, where they could watch on television; stenographers were standing by at the Ambassador to ensure an accurate transcript of Nixon's remarks for the press, who would be facing deadlines in the East. Chotiner and Rogers would watch from behind a screen in the theatre; Pat Nixon, wearing a dress knitted by supporters, would sit on stage a few feet from her husband. The chosen set was a "GI bedroom den" with a desk, two chairs, and bookshelves. The senator usually preferred to work from a memorized text, but would work from notes for this speech to make the talk sound more spontaneous.
Checkers speech | Delivering the address
The speech opened with Nixon sitting at the desk. He began, "My fellow Americans, I come before you tonight as a candidate for the Vice Presidency, and as a man whose honesty and integrity has been questioned." The senator indicated that he would not follow the example of the Truman Administration and ignore charges, and that the best response to a smear "is to tell the truth". The candidate mentioned the $18,000 Fund, and that he was accused of taking money from a group of his supporters. After stating that the Fund was wrong if he had profited from it, if it had been conducted in secret, or if the contributors received special favors, the senator continued, Nixon stated that no contributor to the fund got any service that an ordinary constituent would not have received, and then anticipated the skeptical questions, "Well, what did you use the fund for, Senator? Why did you have to have it?" In response to his rhetorical question, he explained salary and office allowances for senators.
Checkers speech | Introduction and office expenses
During the speech, he stated that he intended to keep one gift, regardless of the outcome: a black-and-white dog that his children had named Checkers, thus giving the address its popular name. Nixon came from a family of modest means, as he related in the address, and he had spent his time after law school in the military, campaigning for office, and serving in Congress. After his successful 1950 Senate campaign, his backers continued to raise money to finance his political activities. These contributions went to reimburse him for travel costs, postage for political mailings which he did not have franked, and similar expenses.
Checkers speech | Introduction
The senator indicated he could not continue his law practice, as some Congressmen did, due to the distance to California, and in any event he felt that practicing law while a lawmaker was a conflict of interest. Thus, he indicated, he had found that the best way to pay for political expenses not within his means was to allow contributors to do so. Nixon proffered the legal and accounting opinions as proof of his statements.
Checkers speech | Introduction and office expenses
Richard Nixon (1913–1994) was the 37th President of the United States. Nixon may also refer to:
Nixon (disambiguation) | Introduction
Nixon decided that including the anecdote evoking FDR would needle his enemies and delight his friends. When the plane reached Los Angeles, Nixon secluded himself in a suite in The Ambassador Hotel, letting no one except his wife, Chotiner, and attorney and adviser William P. Rogers have any hint what he was planning. He called two professors he knew at his alma mater, Whittier College, seeking appropriate Abraham Lincoln quotes. They called back with two suggestions, one of which he used. Unwilling to have his message filtered, the candidate adamantly refused to provide the media with any advance text of his speech, convinced that it would reduce the size of his audience.
Checkers speech | Preparation and setting
As Chotiner exulted, Nixon moved ahead with the lines "that would give the speech its name, make it famous, and notorious":
Checkers speech | Family finances, coat and dog
Nixon was initially convinced that the speech was a failure. Despite the congratulations of Rogers and Chotiner, and the fact that one of the cameramen had tears running down his face, he reproved himself for not mentioning the address of the Republican National Committee. Though the Young Republicans continued their applause as the Nixon party left the theatre, the candidate fixed on an Irish Setter running alongside his car as it pulled away from the curb. "Well, we made a hit in the dog world anyway." Despite the senator's despair, his wife was convinced that her husband had vindicated himself.
Checkers speech | Candidates and public
In 1950, California Congressman Richard Nixon was elected to the Senate, defeating Representative Helen Gahagan Douglas. With the six-year term secured, Nixon campaign officials discussed how to further his career. Campaign manager Murray Chotiner and campaign chairman Bernie Brennan proposed a year-round campaign for the next six years, leading up to a re-election bid in 1956. Nixon's Southern California campaign treasurer Dana Smith suggested what became known as "the Fund," to be administered by himself, which would pay for Nixon's political expenses. As Smith wrote to one potential contributor, money donated to the Fund was to be used for: As a senator, Nixon received an annual salary of $12,500 ().
Checkers speech | Background
Werdel. After the speech, Republican activist Keith McCormac showed Nixon the "Post" story, which had been picked up by United Press under the headline "Nixon Scandal Fund." According to McCormac, the senator collapsed into his seat in shock, and needed the help of Murray Chotiner, who was again Nixon's campaign manager, and Congressman Patrick J. Hillings (a Nixon confidant who had succeeded him in the House of Representatives) to return to his compartment. Democratic National Committee Chairman Stephen A. Mitchell called for Nixon's resignation from the ticket, saying that "Senator Nixon knows that [the Fund] is morally wrong. General Eisenhower knows that it is morally wrong.
Checkers speech | Development of the story
Edson's column on the 18th, which included lengthy quotes by Smith on the supposed safeguards in the Fund, was later called by Nixon, "fair and objective." However, Leo Katcher of the "New York Post" interviewed Smith and wrote a story under the headline "Secret Rich Men's Trust Fund Keeps Nixon in Style Far Beyond His Salary" and referred to the Fund donors as a "millionaires' club." Nixon later praised Katcher's younger brother Edward, also a reporter, for his objectivity, but told him, "your brother Leo is a son of a bitch." When the "Dick Nixon Special" arrived in Bakersfield, California, that day, the candidate, still oblivious to the developing furor, made a speech promoting the Republican ticket, and backing local congressman Thomas H.
Checkers speech | Development of the story
Nixon also is not related to Richard Nixon.
Derek Lee Nixon | Introduction
Nixon.
Edward T. Folliard | Introduction
The idea for the Checkers reference came from Franklin Roosevelt's Fala speech, given eight years to the day before Nixon's address, in which Roosevelt mocked Republican claims that he had sent a destroyer to fetch his dog Fala, when the dog was supposedly left behind in the Aleutian Islands.
Checkers speech | Introduction
He painted himself as a man of modest means (his wife had no mink coat; instead she wore a "respectable Republican cloth coat") and a patriot. The speech would be remembered for the gift which Nixon had received, but which he would not give back: "a little cocker spaniel dog... sent all the way from Texas. And our little girl—Tricia, the 6-year-old—named it Checkers." The speech prompted a huge public outpouring of support for Nixon. Eisenhower decided to retain him on the ticket, which proved victorious in the November election. Eisenhower gave Nixon responsibilities during his term as vice president—more than any previous vice president.
Richard Nixon | Vice presidency (1953–1961)
This bibliography of Richard Nixon includes publications by 37th President of the United States Richard Nixon and books and scholarly articles about him and his policies.
Bibliography of Richard Nixon | Introduction
Nixon, continuing to ask skeptical rhetorical questions, indicated that some might feel that even with the opinions, he might have found some way to personally benefit. In response to his own question, the senator detailed his background and financial situation, beginning with his birth in Yorba Linda, and the family grocery store in which the Nixon boys helped out. He alluded to his work in college and law school, his service record, and stated that at the end of the war, he and Pat Nixon had $10,000 in savings, all of it patriotically in government bonds. The candidate gave the dollar amounts of small inheritances that the Nixons had received from relatives, before turning to their life in Washington: As the senator discussed their finances, the telecast again showed Pat Nixon, fixedly watching her husband.
Checkers speech | Family finances, coat and dog
The 15,000 supporters waiting for Eisenhower to speak had heard the Checkers speech over the hall's public address system, and when Congressman George H. Bender took the microphone and asked the crowd, "Are you in favor of Nixon?", pandemonium ensued. As the crowd below chanted, "We want Nixon!", Eisenhower quickly revised his speech.
Checkers speech | Candidates and public
Nixon then called for Stevenson to give a full accounting of his own fund, and a full list of the donors. He also called for Senator Sparkman, who, as Nixon repeated, had put his wife on the payroll, to state fully any outside income he might have had. "Because, folks, remember, a man that's to be President of the United States, a man that's to be Vice President of the United States must have the confidence of all the people. And that's why I'm doing what I'm doing, and that's why I suggest that Mr. Stevenson and Mr. Sparkman since they are under attack should do what I am doing." As the senator made this point, Eisenhower, sitting in the Cleveland office, slammed his pencil down, realizing that he would not be allowed to be the only major party candidate whose finances would evade scrutiny.
Checkers speech | Attack on Democrats; request for public to write
The senator responded that people in politics live in a fishbowl. He recalled the Fala speech, in which Franklin Roosevelt had sarcastically responded to Republican claims he had sent a destroyer to fetch his dog, Fala, and remembered the dog his children had recently received: A Texas traveling salesman named Lou Carrol had read a report that Pat Nixon said her children Tricia and Julie "longed" for a dog, and his own dog, an American Cocker Spaniel, had just had a litter. After a telegram exchange, he crated the puppy and shipped it by rail to the Nixons, and six-year-old Tricia Nixon named the dog "Checkers".
Checkers speech | Preparation and setting
On September 14, Nixon was asked about the Fund by reporter Peter Edson of the Newspaper Enterprise Association after the senator completed an appearance on "Meet the Press". The candidate told Edson that the Fund was set up by his supporters to pay political expenses, explained that he had made no effort to find out the names of the donors, and referred Edson to Smith for further information. Edson, and other reporters, did contact Smith, who answered questions about the Fund. Three days later, Nixon's campaign train, the ""Dick Nixon Special,"" left Pomona, California, on a whistle-stop campaign tour of the West Coast and Rocky Mountain states.
Checkers speech | Development of the story
Telephone interview of February 20, 1989 by Nicholas Pasquariello
Roger Nixon | References
While he received an expense allowance of over $75,000, more than most senators received (because California was one of the most populous states), that money went to pay his staff of twelve and to cover the cost of stationery, telephone service, telegrams, and other office expenses. It also paid for the one set of round-trip airline tickets between Washington, D.C., and California that Nixon was allowed to buy for himself and his family at taxpayer expense each Congressional session.
Checkers speech | Background
Louis Post-Dispatch" called the address "a carefully contrived soap opera." Columnist Walter Lippmann called the wave of support for Nixon "disturbing ... with all the magnification of modern electronics, simply mob law;" discussing the speech with a dinner guest, he said, "That must be the most demeaning experience my country has ever had to bear." Columnist Thomas Stokes criticized Eisenhower for equivocating on the question of his running mate until "the young man himself—the accused—had to step in and take over. And how he took over!" Through his presidency, Eisenhower would continue to be accused of being indecisive. Nixon refused to answer further questions about the Fund, and attention turned to Stevenson's fund, especially as its details became clear.
Checkers speech | Media reaction
In mid-September, the Republican ticket faced a major crisis. The media reported that Nixon had a political fund, maintained by his backers, which reimbursed him for political expenses. Such a fund was not illegal but it exposed Nixon to allegations of a possible conflict of interest. With pressure building for Eisenhower to demand Nixon's resignation from the ticket the senator went on television to deliver an address to the nation on September 23, 1952. The address, later termed the Checkers speech, was heard by about 60 million Americans—including the largest television audience up to that point. Nixon emotionally defended himself, stating that the fund was not secret, nor had donors received special favors.
Richard Nixon | Vice presidency (1953–1961)
In 1952, as a member of the United States Senate, Nixon was the vice presidential running mate of Republican presidential nominee Dwight Eisenhower. After he was accused during the campaign of having an improper political fund, he saved his political career and his spot on Eisenhower's ticket by making a nationally broadcast speech, commonly known as the Checkers speech. In the speech, he denied the charges and famously stated he would not be giving back one gift his family had received: a little dog named Checkers.
Six Crises | Fund crisis and Checkers speech
Leo Katcher (October 14, 1911 – February 27, 1991) was an American reporter, screenwriter, and author. As West Coast Correspondent of the New York Post in 1952, he helped to break the story about Nixon’s election expenses, which provoked Nixon into making his televised defence, still remembered as the Checkers Speech. In 1956, Katcher was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Story for "The Eddy Duchin Story".
Leo Katcher | Introduction
Such a fund was not illegal at the time, but Nixon had made a point of attacking government corruption which exposed him to charges that he might be giving special favors to the contributors. The press became aware of the fund in September 1952, two months after Nixon's selection as General Dwight D. Eisenhower's running mate, and the story quickly grew until it threatened his place on the ticket. In an attempt to turn the tide of public opinion, Nixon broke off a whistle-stop tour of the West Coast to fly to Los Angeles and make a television and radio broadcast to the nation; the RNC raised the $75,000 to buy the television time.
Checkers speech | Introduction
Other commentators suggested that had he not made the Checkers speech, Nixon might have won in 1960. Nixon retorted that without the Checkers speech, he would not have been around to run in 1960. Checkers died in 1964 and was buried in Wantagh, New York, at Long Island's Bide-A-Wee Pet Cemetery. William Safire described the adoption of "Checkers speech" as an idiom, used to refer to any emotionally charged speech by a politician. In 1999, 137 scholars of American public address were asked to recommend speeches for inclusion on a list of "the 100 best American political speeches of the 20th century," based on "social and political impact, and rhetorical artistry." This speech placed 6th on the list.
Checkers speech | Legacy
Richard Nixon's "Checkers speech" of 1952 was a somewhat successful effort to dispel a scandal concerning a slush fund of campaign contributions. Years later, Nixon's presidential re-election campaign used slush funds to buy the silence of the "White House Plumbers".
Slush fund | Examples
Cathcart and Edward A. Schwarz suggested that while Nixon "met the accusation head-on and accomplished his immediate goals successfully, he ultimately created an image which led to a decline in his political career." The address was an unprecedented demonstration of the power of television to galvanize large segments of the American people to act in a political campaign. However, the onslaught of negative media attention leading up to the address "left its scars" on Nixon, and the future president never returned to the easy relationship with the press that he had enjoyed during his congressional career. His oft-stated view that the media was the enemy came to play a part in his downfall.
Checkers speech | Legacy
Richard Nixon, the 37th President of the United States, ran for president thrice:
Richard Nixon presidential campaign | Introduction
Nixon.
Jerry Brown | First term
Frye's Nixon often keyed off the President's own catchphrases ("Let me make one thing perfectly clear", "Let me say this about that", etc.)
David Frye | Introduction
With "The New York Times" finding that Nixon's performance had given the Republican ticket "a shot in the arm", Eisenhower and Nixon swept to victory in November, with the Republicans narrowly taking both Houses of Congress. According to Nixon biographer Conrad Black, the speech earned Nixon supporters throughout Middle America which he would keep through the rest of his life, and who would continue to defend him after his death. Critics, however, would later see the address as the "ultimate expression" of the controversial politician's "phoniness." Nixon biographer Stephen Ambrose stated that part of the audience considered the address "one of the most sickening, disgusting, maudlin performances ever experienced." In their analysis of the speech published just before Nixon's election as president in 1968, Robert S.
Checkers speech | Legacy
Nixon vs. Kennedy (Richard Nixon vs. John F. Kennedy) can refer to:
Nixon vs. Kennedy | Introduction
Nixon celebrated the anniversary of the speech each year. The future president disliked the fact that the address soon became popularly known as the "Checkers speech." In his 1962 book, "Six Crises" (the Fund crisis being one of the six), he would object to the term, "as though the mention of my dog was the only thing that saved my political career." Nixon preferred to call the address "the Fund speech," and made it required reading for his speechwriters. As time passed, the Checkers speech became denigrated, and Nixon biographer Earl Mazo suggested that much of the attitude of "I don't like Nixon, but I don't know why," which contributed to the failure of his 1960 presidential run, can be traced to the Checkers speech.
Checkers speech | Legacy
, or Retrosheet
Russ Nixon | External links
Eisenhower, President Richard M. Nixon (captured during his Checkers speech), Dean Martin, and comedians Abbott and Costello.
The Movie Orgy | Summary
Donald A. Nixon (born 1946) is a businessman. He is the nephew of former President Richard Nixon and the son of Richard Nixon's brother, Donald Nixon and Clara Jane Lemke.
Donald A. Nixon | Introduction
Kennedy and the impeachment process against Richard Nixon.
Jack Brooks (American politician) | Introduction
During what became known as the Checkers speech, on September 23, 1952, Richard Nixon, then a U.S. Senator from California and the Republican Party's nominee for Vice President, cited Penn Station as the place where a package was waiting for him, containing a cocker spaniel dog his daughter Tricia would name "Checkers." Nixon referred to the station by its former name, "Union Station in Baltimore."
Penn Station (Baltimore) | Checkers speech
He was a speech writer for various CEOs: Chase Manhattan Bank, J. P. Morgan, City Bank and Exxon. Notably David Rockefeller of Chase Manhattan Bank in 1972.
Richard Stockton (playwright) | Introduction
Trohan was a long-time "intimate journalist friend" of Richard Nixon. In 1953, he wrote Nixon (then the vice president) a letter that warned him against U.S. Senator Joseph McCarthy.
Walter Trohan | Richard Nixon
George Stuart Nixon (April 2, 1860 – June 5, 1912) was an American who served as a member of the United States Senate from Nevada.
George S. Nixon | Introduction
Without any hard information on what would be said during the speech, rumors flew through the media. UPI reported that Nixon would resign from the ticket well before the scheduled time for the speech. On the evening of the 22nd, the media broke the story that Democratic nominee Adlai Stevenson had a similar fund, as Chotiner had predicted. The Stevenson information had been leaked by Bob Humphreys at the RNC, but as he later ruefully noted, "Nobody paid much attention to it."
Checkers speech | Preparation and setting
A disgruntled Warren supporter from Pasadena leaked the Fund story to several reporters. Nixon had campaigned for public integrity in his time in the Senate, even calling for the resignation of his own party chairman, Guy Gabrielson, when the latter was implicated in a loan scandal. By using such "indignant rhetoric," Nixon had "weakened his own position" when the Fund crisis erupted.
Checkers speech | Fund crisis
Richard Nixon, campaigning for the 1968 presidential election, asked Congress not to capitulate to the campaigners' demands.
Poor People's Campaign | Nixon
Nixon.
Paul Eggers | The 1968 campaign
Pat Nixon later stated that her rapt gaze was because she did not know exactly what he would say, and wanted to hear. Nixon detailed their assets and liabilities: the mortgaged home in Washington; the similarly mortgaged home in California, then occupied by his parents. The loans from his parents and from Riggs Bank. The borrowed-against life insurance policy on the senator; no insurance on his wife or children. The two-year-old Oldsmobile and the family furniture, and that he and his wife owned no stocks or bonds. While the senator made these points, Murray Chotiner "let out shouts of glee" in his screened booth.
Checkers speech | Family finances, coat and dog
Nixon holds a Master of Business Administration from the University of Southern California.
Tory Nixon | Introduction
Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913April 22, 1994) was the 37th president of the United States, serving from 1969 until 1974. A member of the Republican Party, Nixon previously served as the 36th vice president from 1953 to 1961, having risen to national prominence as a representative and senator from California. After five years in the White House that saw the conclusion to the U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War, détente with the Soviet Union and China, and the establishment of the Environmental Protection Agency, he became the only president to resign from the office. Nixon was born into a poor family in a small town in Southern California.
Richard Nixon | Introduction
Francis Anthony Nixon (December 3, 1878 – September 4, 1956) was an American grocer, rancher, and the father of U.S. President Richard Nixon.
Francis A. Nixon | Introduction
Electoral history of Richard Nixon, 37th President of the United States (1969–1974), 36th Vice President of the United States (1953–1961); United States Senator (1950–1953) and United States Representative (1947–1950) from California.
Electoral history of Richard Nixon | Introduction
Joan Crawford was a mystery guest. Richard Nixon appeared as a mystery guest after his losses to John F. Kennedy for President and Edmund G. (Pat) Brown for governor of California. He got a laugh when he was asked to fill in the blank: "I wish that I __________," and he answered, "had been a PT-boat captain."
Your First Impression | Introduction
W. Bush.
Richard James Kerr | Introduction
Richard Dorman is a US college president. Richard Dorman may also refer to:
Richard Dorman (disambiguation) | Introduction
"Full name:" Richard Milhous Nixon
List of nicknames of presidents of the United States | Richard Nixon
Governor Stevenson's fund, which proved to total $146,000, had been used for such expenditures as Christmas gifts to reporters, dues for private clubs, and to hire an orchestra for a dance his son was hosting. Taking a leaf from Nixon's book, the Democrats refused to answer questions about the governor's fund. Both parties were eager to bury the matter, and the story died.
Checkers speech | Media reaction
Richard Ivor "Red" Nixon (October 5, 1901 – March 4, 1975) was an American politician from the state of Montana. He served in the Montana State Senate, and in 1961 was that body's majority leader.
Richard Nixon (Montana politician) | Introduction
Nixon delivered an inaugural address, after taking his oath of office.
First inauguration of Richard Nixon | Inaugural address
Parker was rejected by the Senate.
Richard Nixon Supreme Court candidates | Introduction
He had greater success as a debater, winning a number of championships and taking his only formal tutelage in public speaking from Fullerton's Head of English, H. Lynn Sheller. Nixon later remembered Sheller's words, "Remember, speaking is conversation...don't shout at people. Talk to them. Converse with them." Nixon said he tried to use a conversational tone as much as possible. At the start of his junior year in September 1928, Richard's parents permitted him to transfer to Whittier High School. At Whittier, Nixon suffered his first election defeat when he lost his bid for student body president. He often rose at 4 a.m., to drive the family truck into Los Angeles and purchase vegetables at the market.
Richard Nixon | Primary and secondary education
Corwin M. Nixon (March 5, 1913 – November 6, 2003) was an American politician.
Corwin M. Nixon | Introduction
On September 20, Republican National Committee official Bob Humphreys first suggested that Nixon give a televised speech to the nation to explain his position. RNC chairman and future Postmaster General Arthur Summerfield thought well of the idea, but was concerned about the expense. That evening, Nixon conferred with his aides, who unanimously urged him not to resign from the ticket. Humphreys called Chotiner at Nixon's hotel in Portland, Oregon that evening, and the campaign manager realized that the broadcast was the best opportunity for the candidate to make his case. Humphreys suggested Nixon appear on "Meet the Press", but Chotiner rejected the suggestion, insisting that his candidate must have complete control of the broadcast "without interruption by possibly unfriendly press questions." Humphreys mentioned that Summerfield was concerned about the cost of a television broadcast, but Chotiner noted that the cost of reprinting all campaign materials to reflect a change on the ticket would be far more than that of a telecast.
Checkers speech | Idea for a speech
A disgraced Richard Nixon is restlessly pacing in the study at his New Jersey home, in the late 1970s. Armed with a loaded revolver, a bottle of Scotch whisky and a running tape recorder, while surrounded by closed circuit television cameras, he spends the next 90 minutes recalling, with rage, suspicion, sadness and disappointment, his controversial life and career in a long monologue. Nixon's monologue often veers into tangents, often concerning his family, the people who made him powerful or the people who took him out of power. Nixon recalls his mother fondly, Dwight Eisenhower with hatred, Henry Kissinger with condescension and John F.
Secret Honor | Plot
Editorial reaction to the address was divided. "The New York Times", which had criticized Nixon, and had even run stories with claims that he was under criminal investigation for the Fund, praised Nixon's "composure and assurance." The "New York Journal American" gushed, "He was in our opinion, simply magnificent. We know of no other way to say it." The "Pittsburgh Press" called the address "an extraordinary speech." The "Mobile Register" stated that the Fund crisis "confronted [Nixon] with an unsought opportunity which he made the most of." However, some newspapers disagreed. The "Baltimore Sun" noted that Nixon "did not deal in any way with the underlying question of propriety," while the "St.
Checkers speech | Media reaction
Francis Donald Nixon (November 23, 1914 – June 27, 1987) was a younger brother of United States President Richard Nixon.
Donald Nixon | Introduction
After the dinner ended, Schorr walked up to Nixon and said, "Mr. Nixon, I'm not sure you'll remember me." Nixon replied, "Dan Schorr, damn near hired you once."
Daniel Schorr | Other
Richard Naradof Goodwin (December 7, 1931 – May 20, 2018) was an American writer and presidential advisor. He was an aide and speechwriter to Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson, and to Senator Robert F. Kennedy.
Richard N. Goodwin | Introduction
Richard Nixon was one of push polling's pioneers. In his very first campaign, a successful 1946 run for the U.S. House against Democratic incumbent Jerry Voorhis, Democratic voters throughout the district reported receiving telephone calls that began: "This is a friend of yours, but I can't tell you who I am. Did you know that Jerry Voorhis is a communist?" (Voorhis was not) – at which point the caller hung up. A citizen later came forward admitting that she worked for Nixon for $9 a day, in a telephone-bank room where the attack calls were made.
Push poll | Origin
He was a candidate for President of the United States at the 1948 Democratic National Convention and the 1952 Democratic National Convention. He was also a member of the Warren Commission.
Richard Russell Jr. | Introduction
It is no wonder that Eisler refused to talk and Josephson and Liptzin did not respond to the subpenaes ... I think I am safe I announcing to the House that the committee will deal with Mr. Josephson and Mr. Liptzin at a very early date ... Now the handwriting on this application, according to the questioned documents experts of the Treasury Department, is that of Leo Josephson; the name on this application is that of Samuel Liptzin the picture on this application is that of Gerhart Eisler; the signature of the identifying witness, Bernard A. Hirschfield, is also in the handwriting of Leon Josephson ...
Leon Josephson | Nixon's maiden speech to Congress
Listed below are , , and signed by United States President Richard Nixon. His executive actions are also listed on WikiSource.
List of executive actions by Richard Nixon | Introduction
1952 Republican National Convention (Vice Presidential tally): 1952 United States presidential election Source (Popular Vote): Source (Electoral Vote):
Electoral history of Richard Nixon | 1952 Presidential election
Under Richard Nixon:
Securities and Exchange Commission appointees | Nixon
1956 Republican National Convention (Vice Presidential tally): 1956 United States presidential election: Source (Popular Vote): Source (Electoral Vote):
Electoral history of Richard Nixon | 1956 Presidential election
T. Walsh, E. G. Marshall, James Woods, Paul Sorvino, Bob Hoskins, Larry Hagman, Ed Harris and David Hyde Pierce, plus archival appearances from political figures such as President Bill Clinton in TV footage from the Nixon funeral service.
Nixon (film) | Introduction
Nixon's Parliamentary contributions were not extensive, consisting mostly of questions concerning his constituency; he made his only brief speech on 10 July 1924, complaining of inequity in the compensation paid to victims of First World War air raids. In early May, along with a majority of Labour MPs but on a free vote, he voted against the Proportional Representation Bill.
Henry Nixon (politician) | Parliament
Richard Nixon, the 37th President of the United States, has inspired or been portrayed in numerous cultural works.
Cultural depictions of Richard Nixon | Introduction
Dewey, a Nixon supporter, called to tell the senator that most Eisenhower aides favored his removal, and that if Nixon made the telecast, he should call for people to write to express their opinions. Dewey added that if the response was not strongly pro-Nixon, the senator should leave the ticket. Nixon finally got a call from Eisenhower at 10:00 pm, Pacific Time, Sunday night. Eisenhower expressed a reluctance to see him leave the ticket, and felt that he should have a chance to make his case to the American people. Nixon enquired if the general would be able to make a decision on whether to keep him as the running mate immediately after the broadcast, and when Eisenhower equivocated, he angrily burst out: "General, there comes a time in matters like this when you've either got to shit or get off the pot." Eisenhower replied that it might take three or four days to gauge public reaction.
Checkers speech | Idea for a speech
In his victory speech, Nixon pledged that his administration would try to bring the divided nation together. Nixon said: "I have received a very gracious message from the Vice President, congratulating me for winning the election. I congratulated him for his gallant and courageous fight against great odds. I also told him that I know exactly how he felt. I know how it feels to lose a close one."
Richard Nixon | 1968 presidential election
Through the night to the morning of September 22, Eisenhower and Nixon aides arranged the speech. The RNC worked to raise the $75,000 () needed to buy the half-hour of television time, while the Eisenhower staff secured sixty NBC stations to telecast the speech, with radio coverage from CBS and Mutual. The Nixon staff initially advocated a half-hour that evening, Monday, September 22, to follow the immensely popular "I Love Lucy" show, but when the candidate indicated he could not be ready that soon, settled for 6:30 pm Tuesday night, 9:30 pm in the East, following the almost equally popular "Texaco Star Theater", starring Milton Berle.
Checkers speech | Preparation and setting
The avalanche of editorial opinion continued the following day, Sunday, September 21, but Eisenhower continued to withhold judgment. The general considered asking retired Supreme Court Justice Owen Roberts to evaluate the legality of the Fund, but time constraints ruled him out. Eisenhower decided to ask the Los Angeles law firm Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher for a legal opinion, while asking the accounting firm Price Waterhouse to audit the Fund's records. Nixon, meanwhile, was encouraged by a supportive telegram from his mother and discouraged by one from former Minnesota governor Harold Stassen urging him to resign from the ticket. New York Governor Thomas E.
Checkers speech | Idea for a speech
He voted against price controls and other monetary restrictions, benefits for illegal immigrants, and public power.
Richard Nixon | U.S. Senate (1950–1953)
Nixon in China is an opera by John Adams. Nixon in China may also refer to:
Nixon in China (disambiguation) | Introduction
1964 Republican presidential primaries:
Electoral history of Richard Nixon | 1964 Presidential election
An Evening With Richard Nixon, originally billed as An Evening With Richard Nixon and ..., is a play by Gore Vidal which opened at the Shubert Theatre in April 1972. The play was produced by Hillard Elkins, directed by Edwin Sherin, and starred George S. Irving, Gene Rupert, Humbert Allen Estredo, Stephen D. Newman, Philip Sterling and Robert King. As yet "undiscovered" in the ensemble were future stars Maureen Anderman and Susan Sarandon. The play is a wry examination of the career and Presidency (up to that pre-Watergate point) of Richard M. Nixon (Irving). As it starts, two pundits, a William F.
An Evening with Richard Nixon | Introduction
Eisenhower had benefited from a favorable Act of Congress, allowing the income from his bestselling memoirs to be considered capital gains. Nixon warned that other smears would be made against him, and many of the same commentators who were attacking him now had also attacked him for his role in the Alger Hiss case, for which he made no apologies. He then rose to his feet, came out from behind the desk, and continued: The senator alleged that Stevenson had downplayed the threat of communism, and was thus unfit to be president. He affirmed that Eisenhower was the only man fit to lead the country in ridding the government of corruption and communism.
Checkers speech | Attack on Democrats; request for public to write
Lucas, Carlton R. Rouh, and Richard K. Sorenson.
Richard E. Bush | Introduction
He graduated in television production and business finance from Loyola Marymount University.
DeVaughn Nixon | Early life and education
The president's speechwriter Raymond K. Price wrote the resignation speech. It was delivered on the evening of August 8, 1974 from the Oval Office and was carried live on radio and television.
Richard Nixon's resignation speech | Background
Richard E. Cohen is a journalist and author. He is a congressional correspondent for "POLITICO".
Richard E. Cohen | Introduction
Morris has served as a university lecturer, but is best known as a writer. His biography of Nixon, "Richard Milhous Nixon: The Rise of an American Politician," was short-listed for the National Book Award. He served as a senior fellow of the Green Institute. His major works include:
Roger Morris (American writer) | Biography