The party was committed to the Bolivarian Revolution and claimed to be the political voice of the country's poor.
Aims
Fifth Republic Movement
Fifth Republic Movement | Aims
They were committed to the Bolivarian Revolution and claimed to be the political voice of the country's poor. The party was committed to the Bolivarian Revolution and claimed to be the political voice of the country's poor. The Movement aimed to re-found the Republic through a constituent assembly. To re-found the Republic through a constituent assembly.
what is the symbol of flag of ecuador?
user
It consists of horizontal bands of yellow (double width), blue and red.
assistant
who designed it?
user
Sorry. I cannot find the answer based on the context.
assistant
does it resemble any other flag?
user
Yes, Colombia and Venezuela
assistant
which pledge is related to it?
user
Juramento a la Bandera
assistant
does the above latter country face any kind of shortage?
user
Yes, products like milk, various meats, basic necessities etc.
assistant
is any rights suspended over there?
user
Yes, constitutional rights.
assistant
why?
user
The approval of the extension of States of emergency corresponds to the National Assembly.
assistant
which government is in power here during 1999 and onwards?
user
The Bolivarian government
assistant
can you name any person from this government form?
user
Hugo Chávez
assistant
how is he connected to it?
user
He was a Venezuelan president and founded the Fifth Republic Movement.
assistant
when was the foundation found?
user
July 1997
assistant
what was the movement about?
user
It was a democratic socialist political party in Venezuela.
assistant
can you mention one of its aims?
user
The party was committed to the Bolivarian Revolution and claimed to be the political voice of the country's poor.
Fifth Republic Movement | Aims
The Fifth Republic Movement (Spanish: "Movimiento V [Quinta] República", MVR) was a democratic socialist political party in Venezuela. It was founded in July 1997, following a national congress of the Revolutionary Bolivarian Movement-200, to support the candidacy of Hugo Chávez, the former President of Venezuela, in the 1998 presidential election. The "Fifth Republic" refers to the fact that in 1997 the Republic of Venezuela was the fourth in Venezuelan history, and the Movement aimed to re-found the Republic through a constituent assembly. Following Chávez' 1998 election victory, this took place in 1999, leading to the 1999 Constitution of Venezuela. At the legislative elections on 30 July 2000, the party won 91 out of 165 seats in the National Assembly.
Fifth Republic Movement | Introduction
On 18 December 2006, Hugo Chávez announced plans to dissolve the party, hoping that the 23 other parties that supported his government would follow suit and collectively form the proposed United Socialist Party of Venezuela. Elections the MVR participated in:
Fifth Republic Movement | Dissolution
On the same day Hugo Chávez was elected president in the presidential elections with 59.5% of votes. In the parliamentary elections of 4 December 2005, the party won 114 out of 167 seats with allied parties winning the remaining seats. Opposition parties had unexpectedly withdrawn several days before election day, and turnout was just 25%. In December 2006 and January 2007 the party started its dissolution, to form the proposed United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV). It merged into PSUV on 20 October 2007.
Fifth Republic Movement | Introduction
This unique "Bolivarian" government is the "Fifth Republic" referred to in the party's title. The use of the phrase also echoes the French Fifth Republic, which was another sweeping political change to deal with political instability during decolonisation.
Fifth Republic Movement | The use of Venezuelan history
The party's ambitions were summarized in 25 points of action aimed at developing a hypothetical government: 1. Increased participation in all levels of government. 2. Implementation of the Federal system. 3. Country's return to the borders of 1811. 4. Apply an agrarian reform, to make Venezuela an agricultural powerhouse. 5. Progressive Savings nonrenewable natural resources and rational use of national resources. 6. National Housing Plan, pretending away the housing crisis in a span of 20 years. 7. Free and compulsory education for all under 18. 8. Public Administration Reform under criterion: Austerity in the management and investment liberality. 9. Reorientation of the national economy in the interests of the majority.
New Order (Venezuela) | Aims
In 2001 Chávez denounces the bureaucratization of the Fifth Republic Movement under Luis Miquilena and proposes the re-launching of the original MBR-200. This intention will lead to the consolidation of his movement under the United Socialist Party of Venezuela label in 2007.
Revolutionary Bolivarian Movement-200 | Continuation of the movement
The Movement for a Fifth Republic (MVR), formerly Venezuela’s governing party, was the first political party in Venezuela to incorporate primary elections as the primary method for selecting its candidates. Led by President Hugo Chávez, but involving organizations and movements that are broader than the MVR, the question of how to select MVR candidates had been controversial. Until the implementation of this primary mechanism, candidates tended to be hand-picked by the leadership of the parties. The result had been that a number of those elected on MVR platforms were distrusted by the masses, and in some cases proved to be disloyal.
Fifth Republic Movement | Primary elections
A national congress on 19 April 1997 took from 9 am until 2 am the next day to reach a conclusion, ultimately deciding to launch Chávez' candidacy for the 1998 presidential election. Some members of the movement resigned in protest, holding too much at stake. In July 1997 Chávez registered the new "Fifth Republic Movement" with the National Electoral Council (the name had to be changed as Venezuelan law did not permit parties to use Simon Bolivar's name). The international media took little interest, citing opinion polls showing 8% support for Chávez.
Fifth Republic Movement | Foundation
The MVR was founded in July 1997 to support the electoral aims of the Revolutionary Bolivarian Movement-200. For a number of years after his 1994 release from prison, Chávez maintained a position against participation in elections, believing them a fixed game which merely legitimated the established order. This led to a split with his colleague Francisco Arias Cárdenas, who left the MBR-200. In the early years after his release, Chávez considered the possibility of another coup attempt, but with the prospects appearing slim, some advisers, notably Luis Miquilena, urged him to reconsider his scepticism of the elections, arguing that Chávez could potentially win so convincingly that the establishment would not be able to deny him victory.
Fifth Republic Movement | Foundation
19. Ensuring absolute freedom of speech, trade, profession and industry no limitations other than the common good. 20. National policy on public transport with private participation, users and regional and national government. 21. Construction of a railway network of 50,000 km. 22. Mandatory work or study for anyone aged 16 years and under 60 years. 23. Progressive elimination of privileges and official reliefs of some sectors of the country. 24. Establishment of multidimensional democratic system, capable of providing political democracy, social and economic the country.
New Order (Venezuela) | Aims
To find out whether this was the case, Chávez set up teams of psychologists, sociologists, university professors and students to carry out a survey. With their support, grassroots members of the Bolivarian movement polled tens of thousands of people across the country. The results showed that 70% of respondents supported Chávez running for the presidency – and 57% said they would vote for him. Support for the electoral route was strengthened when Arias Cárdenas, as a candidate for Radical Cause, won the Governorship of Zulia State in the December 1995 regional elections. Despite this, the MBR-200 remained divided over electoral participation, and spent a year debating the issue in local, regional and national assemblies.
Fifth Republic Movement | Foundation
The first election of deputies to the new National Assembly took place on 30 July 2000. President Hugo Chávez' Fifth Republic Movement won 92 seats (56%). The opposition did not participate in the 2005 elections, and as a result gained no seats, while the Fifth Republic Movement gained 114 (69%). In 2007 a number of parties, including the Fifth Republic Movement, merged to create the United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV), which in January 2009 held 139 of the 169 seats (82%). In the 2010 election, for which the number of deputies was reduced to 165, the PSUV won 96 seats (58%), the opposition electoral coalition Democratic Unity Roundtable (MUD) 65, and Patria Para Todos won 2.
National Assembly (Venezuela) | Political composition
Hugo Chávez announced in 2007 that he would seek to create a new international: "2008 could be a good time to convoke a meeting of left parties in Latin America to organise a new international, an organisation of parties and movements of the left in Latin America and the Caribbean". It was reported that Bolivia's Movement for Socialism, the International Marxist Tendency, El Salvador's Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, Nicaragua's Sandinista National Liberation Front, Ecuador's PAIS Alliance, Chile's Proposal for an Alternative Society, Guatemala's New Nation Alternative, and Australia's Socialist Alliance were likely to join the new International. Representatives of the Portugal's Left Bloc, Germany's The Left, and France's Left Party expressed interest but said they would need to consult.
Fifth International | Venezuela
The issue came to a head in the lead-up to the regional elections of October 2005. Despite opposition from within the grassroots movements, a candidate list was drawn up by the leadership of various MVR allied parties. The decision not to hold primaries was justified by the claim that there wasn't time. After the elections, Chavez stated that in the future, primaries would be held to empower the rank and file to select candidates.
Fifth Republic Movement | Primary elections
The Revolutionary Bolivarian Movement-200 (Movimiento Bolivariano Revolucionario 200 or MBR-200) was the political and social movement that the later Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez founded in 1982. It eventually planned and executed the February 4, 1992 attempted coup. The movement later evolved into the Movement for the Fifth Republic (MVR), set up in July 1997 to support Hugo Chávez's candidacy in the 1998 Venezuelan presidential election. The move to electoral politics took several years of intense internal debate, as many felt that the elections might be fixed to prevent an MBR-200 candidate winning. It took a nationwide survey conducted by the movement to show that it might gain enough electoral support to make victory hard to deny.
Revolutionary Bolivarian Movement-200 | Introduction
The movement bases its principles on direct democracy as an evolution of representative democracy. The idea is that citizens will no longer delegate their power to parties (considered old and corrupted intermediates between the state and themselves) that serve the interests of lobby groups and financial powers. They will succeed only by creating a collective intelligence made possible by the Internet. In order to go in this direction, the M5S chose its Italian and European parliamentary candidates through online voting by registered members of Beppe Grillo's blog. Through an application called Rousseau reachable on the web, the registered users of M5S discuss, approve or reject legislative proposals (submitted then in the Parliament by the M5S group).
Five Star Movement | Direct democracy
Movimiento Nueva República identifies as a leftist party, with a clear socialist-revolutionary ideals and an inclusive progressive, pluricultural and multiethnic makeup. According to its leaders, the Movement seeks to establish a New Republic to advance the following goals: The Movimiento also rejects all forms of imperialism and the subjugation of certain nations by others.
Movimiento Nueva República | Ideology
The Fifth Republic of Venezuela (), commonly known as the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (), is the period in contemporary Venezuelan history from 1999 with the election of Hugo Chávez to the presidency and the installation of his Bolivarian Revolution, to the present day. Venezuela has been considered the Bolivarian Republic following the adoption of the new Constitution of 1999, when the state was renamed in honor of Simón Bolívar. Since Chávez's election into office, Venezuela developed into a dominant-party system, dominated by the United Socialist Party of Venezuela and where numerous other parties exist. The 2017 Venezuelan Constituent Assembly election raised concerns of an emerging dictatorship.
Fifth Republic of Venezuela | Introduction
In 2007 the leading Fifth Republic Movement (MVR) party dissolved and the United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV) formed as the leading government party. On 15 August 2007, PSUV founder and Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez proposed an amendment to 33 articles of Venezuela's 350-article Constitution. Chávez stated that the proposed constitutional reforms were needed to complete the transition to a socialist republic and to implement his Bolivarian Revolution. The proposal was narrowly defeated by 51 to 49 percent. In 2009 a constitutional referendum resulted in the abolition of term limits for the office of President of Venezuela. The 2010 parliamentary elections took place on 26 September 2010 to elect the 165 deputies to the National Assembly.
Elections in Venezuela | 2000–present: Recent elections
The party has campaigned against immigration into Spain, Turkish membership of the European Union and global capitalism. They support a large programme of re-nationalisation of industries such as electricity and transport. In terms of foreign policies the party takes a strongly pro-Palestinian approach to the Middle East question, criticising Israel alleging that the "Zionist army are committing daily crimes against the Palestinian people." In addition to supporting the Venezuelan government of Hugo Chavez, they have also called for the withdrawal of Spanish troops in the Balkans and condemned the American led invasion of Iraq. In the 2000 General Election the party supported the platform of España 2000.
Republican Social Movement | Policies
Following the end of the Cold War and the fall of the military dictatorships in Brazil, Argentina, Chile and Uruguay, social movements including labor and indigenous currents opposed the austerity and called for debt forgiveness, sometimes resulting in clashes with the state (see Caracazo and 2000 Ecuadorian coup d'état). It was in this context that Chávez and MBR-200 (as the Fifth Republic Movement) won the 1998 elections and initiated the constituent process that resulted in the Venezuelan Constitution of 1999.
Bolivarian Revolution | Background
Venezuela historiography recognizes four "republics," or major regime changes since the country was founded in 1811. The First Republic, known as the "Venezuelan Confederation" lasted until 1812. The Second Republic is the restored republican regime that was instituted by Simón Bolívar after his Admirable Campaign in 1813, and which lasted until 1814. The Third Republic refers to the period after 1816 in which various patriot guerrilla bands joined under Bolívar's leadership in the Llanos of Venezuela and set up an independent government. This process culminated in the Congress of Angostura, but shortly thereafter the Congress declared Venezuela to be part of a larger Gran Colombia.
Fifth Republic Movement | The use of Venezuelan history
Its goal is to build a third way away from the heterodox left-wing coalition Frente Amplio and the traditional right wing parties Colorado Party and National Party.
Independent Party (Uruguay) | Aims
The Movement fought the Batista regime on both rural and urban fronts. The movement's main objectives were distribution of land to peasants, nationalization of public services, industrialization, honest elections, and large scale education reform. In July 1961, the 26th of July Movement was one of the parties that integrated into the Organizaciones Revolucionarias Integradas (ORI) of the Integrated Revolutionary Organization (IRO) as well as the Popular Socialist Party and the March 13 Revolutionary Directory. On March 26, 1962, the party dissolved to form the Partido Unido de la Revolución Socialista de Cuba (PURSC) or the United Party of the Socialist Revolution of Cuba (UPSRC), which held a communist ideology.
26th of July Movement | Introduction
The party seeks to unite moderate and liberal groups, although its members have had a diverse set of ideologies since its foundation, including Krausism, social democracy, and liberal conservatism, as well as general pragmatism. It was the dominant party of government almost without exception during the stabilization of the Uruguayan republic.
Colorado Party (Uruguay) | Aims
CNE announced preliminary results that showed that the pro-Chávez party Fifth Republic Movement won 114 out of 167 seats in the National Assembly, and all other seats were won by allied parties. The Fifth Republic Movement list also received 89% of the vote for the Latin American Parliament and the Andean Parliament. It is estimated that the turnout in the election was about 25% compared to 50 to 60% in previous parliamentary elections (1998 and 2000). Some suggested that these results were a very important issue in Venezuela, since a two-thirds majority in parliament is needed to change the constitution, and these elections gave the Fifth Republic Movement a sufficient majority to change the constitution with or without the support of other political parties.
2005 Venezuelan parliamentary election | Results
For these reasons, Domingo Alberto Rangel, Gumersindo Rodriguez and Jose Rafael Muñoz justified the division from their former party and founded, with groups of mostly young people, the new leftist revolutionary party. At the exact moment of the creation of MIR, it pleaded, according to their weekly "Izquierda", as a "Marxist party, their goal was to drive the Venezuelan people to the path of socialism through the National Revolution realizing a clearly anti-imperialist and anti-feudal program". On May 9, 1962, the Communist Party of Venezuela (PCV) and the MIR are disabled by the government of Romulo Betancourt and they assume the armed struggle that lasted until the first government of Rafael Caldera.
Revolutionary Left Movement (Venezuela) | History
In the M5S, themes are derived from ecology and anti-particracy, promoting the direct participation of citizens, who converge in the management of public affairs through forms of digital democracy. The movement wants to be a "democratic encounter outside of party and associative ties and without the mediation of directive or representational organisms, recognising to all users of the Internet the role of government and direction that is normally attributed to a few". From the economic point of view, it embraces the theories of degrowth, supporting the creation of "green jobs" and the rejection of polluting and expensive "great works", including incinerators and high-speed rail, aiming for an overall better quality of life and greater social justice.
Five Star Movement | Ideology
Like Pérez, however, he reversed himself on economic policy, adopting IMF programs in 1996 and 1997 that stipulated neoliberal adjustment and opened the state oil industry to private investment. In November 1996, about 1.3 million workers walked off the job in a general public sector strike; and in late August 1998, Caldera obtained legislation from Congress enabling him to rule by decree. During this period, the late 1990s, the principal leftist parties were "La Causa Radical" (LCR), which won 48 congressional seats in 1993, and the "Movimiento al Socialismo" (MAS). Hugo Chávez and the MBR 200 also remained active. At the MBR 200 national assembly in December 1996, its members voted to participate in the upcoming 1998 presidential and 1998 parliamentary elections, and created a new organisation, the Fifth Republic Movement ("Movimiento Quinta República", MVR) intended to unite groups opposed to the mainstream parties.
History of Venezuela (1999–present) | 1992 and beyond
The Communist Party of Cuba seemed to favour the proposal, but other Communist Parties were strongly opposed. The League for the Fifth International critically supported the proposal.
Fifth International | Venezuela
Some members of the movement resigned in protest, holding too much at stake. In July 1997 Chávez registered the new Fifth Republic Movement with the National Electoral Council (the name had to be changed as Venezuelan law did not permit parties to use Simon Bolivar's name). The international media took little interest, citing opinion polls showing 8% support for Chávez.
Revolutionary Bolivarian Movement-200 | Chávez' participation in the 1998 election
114 seats went to the President's Fifth Republic Movement (MVR) – up from 86, with the remaining 53 going to "smaller pro-Chávez parties as well as to independents and representatives of some social groups that support the government". Both the Organization of American States (OAS) and the European Union sent delegations to observe the elections. In the runup to the election, there were concerns about the use of digital fingerprint scanners as part of the voting process. On 28 November the National Electoral Council (CNE), in a decision brokered by the OAS, announced that it would not use the controversial machines.
2005 Venezuelan parliamentary election | Introduction
In 1995 the newspaper "El Libertario" reappeared, published by a group calling itself the Commission of Anarchist Relations (CRA). The CRA, which restyled itself the Collective Editorship in 2007, opposes the Chavismo and Bolivarian Revolution of former President Hugo Chávez, the Fifth Republic Movement, and its successor the United Socialist Party of Venezuela. The group sees itself as involved in a "tri-polar struggle" against both the left-wing government and Venezuela's American-backed right-wing opposition movement. "El Libertario" publishes five editions yearly. Other minor groups exist or have existed, such as the CESL in Caracas, the CEA in Mérida, and the "Ateneo La Libertaria", first active in Biscucuy and then in the rural area to the southwest of Lara.
Anarchism in Venezuela | Contemporary
Formerly a member of The Greens, he joined the Socialist Party, stating that political ecology should become a central issue in the renovation of social-democratic ideas. His deputy ("suppléante") was Soledad Margareto, a resident of Madrid.
Fifth constituency for French residents overseas | Candidates
The Movement for Socialism ( or ) is a social-democratic political party in Venezuela.
Movement for Socialism (Venezuela) | Introduction
Enforce social function to private and public capital. 10. Demographic territorial reorganization and rationalization of immigration. 11. Implementation of a Social Security System that protects the individual before birth and even after death. 12. Amendment to the Constitution of 1961, in terms of economic rights. 13. Mandatory Military Service. 14. Election by competition in all branches of the judiciary, to avoid layoffs for political reasons or unjustified. 15. Creation of the National Police and regional police forces. 16. Pass a comprehensive defense bill Homeland. 17. Independent foreign policy against the interests of other countries. 18. Elimination of monopolies and oligopolies official or private.
New Order (Venezuela) | Aims
Its slogan was 'Spain-Republic-Socialization'. In the VII National Congress all the participants decided to terminate the movement's experience. MSR dissolved itself with an official announcement 30 of January 2018.
Republican Social Movement | Introduction
Gran Colombia lasted only a decade and at its dissolution Venezuela became once again the "Republic of Venezuela," which is considered the start of the Fourth Republic. In 1864 the country was then restructured into the "United States of Venezuela", before reverting once again to the name, "Republic of Venezuela" in 1953. Although both periods began with the implementation of new constitutions (the fourth and twenty-fourth constitutions, respectively), both have been deemed by Venezuelan historiography as a continuation of the Fourth Republic. Since Chávez's election to the Presidency in 1999, the country has been known as the "Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela", signaling Chávez' desires to usher in a new era of politics and government.
Fifth Republic Movement | The use of Venezuelan history
Just as the MIR decided to go to the armed struggle, a sector of the party opposed to these actions, led by Jorge Dager, decided to found on 20 August 1962 the "People's Democratic Force" party, achieving about 10% of the votes in 1963. On 1965 another sector from the party withdraws and merges itself to the "Revolutionary Party of Nationalist Integration" (PRIN). Then at the end of 1968, the MIR faces fierce controversy at the armed struggle infertile actions and is divided into three groups: the main MIR, led by Domingo Alberto Rangel, who pacifies and denies armed violence, supporting presidential elections from 1973, 1983 and 1988 choosing Movement for Socialism (MAS) candidates: José Vicente Rangel and Teodoro Petkoff.
Revolutionary Left Movement (Venezuela) | Divisions
The party was established on 25 November 2007 by Emilio Rivas. In the 2010 parliamentary elections it won a single seat in the Chamber of Deputies. After increasing its vote share to 2.1%, the party retained its seat in the 2016 elections.
Alternative Democratic Movement | History
In the life of Ramón Lobo, political activity has been a permanent inspiration, the fight for equality and social justice led him to integrate the Youth and Communist Party of Venezuela, 1986/1996. It is an active part of the Movement June 24, 1987/1991. In the ULA he assumes the student leadership as a Member of the Student Center of the Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences by Option 89, 1989/1991. He has not abandoned his roots or his homeland to integrate the La Espuela Azulitense Community Movement, since 1991. In the Fifth Republic Movement (MVR), he was a member and Finance Coordinator of the Andrés Bello Municipality between 1998 to 2007.
Ramón Lobo (economist) | Political career
Some members of the movement resigned in protest, holding too much at stake. In July 1997 Chávez registered the new Fifth Republic Movement with the National Electoral Council (the name had to be changed as Venezuelan law did not permit parties to use Simón Bolívar's name). The international media took little interest, citing opinion polls showing 8% support for Chávez.
1998 Venezuelan presidential election | Chávez's participation
Defferre gained only 5% of the vote and was eliminated in the election's first round. When François Mitterrand formed a new Socialist Party in 1971, Mendès France supported him, but did not attempt another political comeback. He lived long enough to see Mitterrand elected President.
Pierre Mendès France | Fifth Republic
UP seeks independence for the Canary Islands and building a socialist society. The party defends a leading paper of the working class in the process of achieving its goals.
Unity of the People | Objectives
Since the 1999 Constituent Assembly elections, the National Assembly was dominated by alliances supportive of President Hugo Chávez. In the 2005 parliamentary elections, most opposition parties decided to withdraw, resulting in all seats being won by the Fifth Republic Movement and other parties supportive of Chávez. For the 2010 elections, an alliance of opposition parties was formed by the Democratic Unity Roundtable to contest the elections, and managed to win 64 seats. The PSUV, which was an alliance formed by Chávez from the Fifth Republic Movement and a number of smaller parties, won 96 seats, maintaining their majority, but lost their two-thirds and three-fifths supermajority.
2020 Venezuelan parliamentary election | Background
The voter turnout in 1993 was 60.2%, the lowest since World War II. After being imprisoned for an attempted coup and then pardoned by Caldera, Hugo Chávez founded the Fifth Republic Movement and was elected president of Venezuela in 1998. He was re-elected in 2000. A recall referendum in 2004 was voted on by the populace to determine whether Chávez should be recalled from office, resulting in no recall (58% no). The authenticity of the results became a point of contention.
Elections in Venezuela | Presidential elections
Their task was to form a disciplined guerrilla force to overthrow Batista. The original core of the group was organized around the attack on the Moncada Barracks merged with the National Revolutionary Movement led and Rafael García Bárcenas and with a majority of the Orthodox Youth. Soon after, National Revolutionary Action led by Frank País would join. Because of the commonality in their ideology and their goal of wanting to topple the Batista regime, the M-26-7 would quickly add more young people from diverse political backgrounds.
26th of July Movement | Origins
The party was launched on 11 October 2015 as a breakaway from the National Movement for the Development of Society. It did not nominate a presidential candidate for the 2016 general elections, but received 7% of the vote in the National Assembly elections, winning thirteen seats and becoming the fourth-largest party.
Patriotic Movement for the Republic | History
The Revolutionary Left Movement (Spanish: "Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria", MIR) was a left-wing Marxist political party in Venezuela. It split from Acción Democrática in 1960 and became involved in armed guerrilla struggle against the Venezuelan state. MIR merged with the Movement for Socialism (MAS) in 1988.
Revolutionary Left Movement (Venezuela) | Introduction
The Bolivarian Revolution refers to a left-wing populism social movement and political process in Venezuela led by Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez, who founded the Fifth Republic Movement in 1997 and the United Socialist Party of Venezuela in 2007. The "Bolivarian Revolution" is named after Simón Bolívar, an early 19th-century Venezuelan and Latin American revolutionary leader, prominent in the Spanish American wars of independence in achieving the independence of most of northern South America from Spanish rule. According to Chávez and other supporters, the "Bolivarian Revolution" seeks to build a mass movement to implement Bolivarianism—popular democracy, economic independence, equitable distribution of revenues, and an end to political corruption—in Venezuela.
Venezuela | Bolivarian government: 1999–present
Since the 1999 Constitutional Assembly elections, the National Assembly was dominated by alliances supportive of President Hugo Chávez. In the 2005 parliamentary elections, most opposition parties decided to withdraw, resulting in all seats being won by the Fifth Republic Movement and other parties supportive of Chávez. For the 2010 elections, an alliance of opposition parties was formed by the Democratic Unity Roundtable to contest the elections, and managed to win 64 seats. The PSUV, which was an alliance formed by Chávez from the Fifth Republic Movement and a number of smaller parties, won 96 seats, maintaining their majority, but lost their two-thirds and three-fifths supermajority.
2015 Venezuelan parliamentary election | Background
The name ARS was used by the group formed by 27 Rally of the French People deputies expelled from their party for voting confidence in Antoine Pinay as President of the Council.
Republican and Social Action | Fourth Republic
Free Idel-Ural positions itself as a mass civic-political movement, based on principles of democracy and humanism. The main aim of the movement is the construction of the independent national democratic states of Erzyano-Mokshania, Chuvashia, Mari El, Tatarstan, Udmurtia and Bashkortostan. The primary objectives of the organization are the realization of social, cultural and religious rights for Erzyans, Mokshans, Chuvashs, Mari, Tatars, Udmurts and Bashkirs.
Free Idel-Ural | Ideology
In November 1938, two months after the founding congress of the Fourth International, seven members of the Spanish Workers' Party of Marxist Unification on trial in Barcelona declared their support for a "fighting Fifth International". The Argentine Trotskyist called for a Fifth International when he broke from Trotskyism in 1941. Another call for a Fifth International was made by Lyndon LaRouche after leaving the Spartacist League in 1965. Later, a "Fifth International of Communists" was founded in 1994 by several small former Trotskyist groups around the Movement for a Socialist Future.
Fifth International | Calls for a Fifth International
In 2007, Movimiento V República (MVR, "Fifth Republic Movement"), of which Falcón was a member, was transformed into the United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV). On 21 February 2010 Governor Falcón gave a letter to President Hugo Chávez declaring his resignation from the PSUV to join the more independent pro-government party "" (PPT, "Fatherland for All"), and to become a member of the latter party's national directorate. Falcón declared that "The relation between a Head of state and the governors and mayors cannot be limited to the emission of instructions or orders without the minimum opportunity that we can confront points of view, to analyze the pros and the cons of your determined initiatives and to revise or to revoke decisions that, after their execution, turn out to be harmful or objections to the interest of the region or of the country".
Henri Falcón | Party switch
The party first contested national elections in 1992, when it won six seats in the parliamentary elections. In the 1997 elections the party was reduced to a single seat, and lost its one seat in the 2002 elections. In the 2013 parliamentary elections the party regained parliamentary representation, winning one seat.
Movement for the Defence of the Republic | History
Though some already questioned the movement's raison d'être, the idea behind both was to encourage the electorate to "verify" the 5 October revolution by voting against the parties that were part of the government - the Socialist Party of Serbia (SPS) and the Serbian Radical Party (SRS) - at the upcoming constituent republic-level parliamentary election.
Otpor | Post-Milošević
The ideas of the party have been summed up by them in declaration of policies which states five aims for the Argentine people. These are listed as:
New Triumph Party | Platform
Ecological Movement of Venezuela (, MOVEV) is a green political party in Venezuela.
Ecological Movement of Venezuela | Introduction
Bolivarianism in Venezuela is also referred to (sometimes pejoratively by its opponents) as "Chavismo" or "Chavezism". Adherents are referred to as "Chavistas". Several political parties in Venezuela support "Chavismo". The main party, directly affiliated with Chávez, is the United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV), which replaced the Fifth Republic Movement (Spanish: "Movimiento Quinta Republica", usually referred to by the three letters MVR). Other parties and movements supporting "Chavismo" include Communist Party of Venezuela, Venezuelan Popular Unity and Tupamaros. The left-wing Fatherland for All (Spanish: "Patria Para Todos" or PPT), Movement for Socialism (Spanish: "Movimiento al Socialismo" or MAS), Radical Cause (Spanish: "Causa R") and For Social Democracy (Spanish: "Por la Democracia Social") initially supported "Chavismo", but they have since distanced themselves from it and now oppose it.
Bolivarianism | "Chavismo"
Movement We Are Venezuela (MSV) emerged after the transformation of New Revolutionary Road (NCR) is a far-left socialist and anti-imperialist political party in Venezuela founded on May 6, 2008 and refounded on January 29, 2018. It was established after three national deputies, Luis Tascón, Luis Díaz Salazar and Wilmer Pérez were expelled by the United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV). Together with deputy Tomás Sánchez, they decided to form a new political party Shortly before the formation of NCR, talks were held with deputies Pedro Bastidas and Miguel Rojas of the Ecological Movement of Venezuela to join the new party since they had also recently withdrawn from the PSUV, however they did not accept the proposal.
Movement We Are Venezuela | Introduction
In 2009, they founded a new political platform, which was later re-organized as a political party. Reagrupament's strategic aims are a democratic regeneration of Catalonia and the unilateral declaration of independence of the region by the Parliament of Catalonia.
Reagrupament | Introduction
The MRP ceased to be the party of Gaullism and instead defined itself as Christian Democrat.
Tripartisme | The Fourth Republic
Movement for a Responsible, Sustainable and Entrepreneurial Venezuela (, MOVERSE) is a green political party in Venezuela.
Movement for a Responsible, Sustainable and Entrepreneurial Venezuela | Introduction
The party itself has a set of values they support including, among other, those of ecology, democracy, social justice, pacifism and knowledge. On August 1, 2008, during a presentation on the CNE the party announced their official birth as a national political party and affiliation to the Federation of the Green Parties of the Americas. On August 10, 2008, the party presented a public case on the CNE where they announced their support to various candidates for the 2008 Venezuelan regional elections. Pedro Bastidas, a former MVR militant, joined MOVEV becoming the first and so far only deputy of the party to be elected for the National Assembly, on the 2006-2011 term.
Ecological Movement of Venezuela | History
Within the newly renamed Democratic Republic, the book formally had supra-constitutional authority. According to the Charter, the primary goal of the newly renamed Democratic Republic was to build a "new society" founded on socialist principles and guided by the actions of the "five pillars of the revolution", which were the Supreme Revolutionary Council, peasants and workers, young intellectuals, women, and the Popular Armed Forces. "The socialist revolution," explained the Red Book, "is the only choice possible for us in order to achieve rapid economic and cultural development in an autonomous, humane, and harmonious manner." Other principles the book focused on where diplomatic non-alignment and anti-colonialism.
Charter of the Malagasy Socialist Revolution | Introduction
Its goal is not to "make America socialist" but instead "a world without America and everything it stands for." The RCP has identified what it calls "the 5 Stops," which it says are social contradictions under capitalism that can only be ended by revolution: white supremacy, patriarchy and anti-LGBT discrimination, anti-immigrant persecution, imperialist war, and environmental degradation. The RCP emphasizes women's liberation, and says it can only be achieved under communism.
Revolutionary Communist Party, USA | Political ideology
Movimiento Estudiantil ("") is a student movement started in 2007, made up of students who organized in opposition to the government of the President of Venezuela, Hugo Chavez. According to several analysts, it had a decisive effect on the rejection of the Venezuelan constitutional referendum of 2007.
Movimiento Estudiantil (Venezuela) | Introduction
According to Vente Venezuela, the group "appeals to the principles of democrats and republicans" and "breaks from the traditional argument between the left and right".
Come Venezuela | Political ideology
Wanting to achieve the complete integration of Catholicism in the Republic, the MRP supported the principle of parliamentary democracy against De Gaulle.
Popular Republican Movement | Foundation and height of the MRP
All Chávez's aims were, in one move, dramatically furthered.
Constitution of Venezuela | Framing of the new constitution
The party attempts to bring together Venezuelans of various backgrounds who consider "Chavismo" oppressive and authoritarian. Popular Will self-identifies itself as "a pluralist and democratic movement" that is committed to "progress," which it defines as the realization of "the social, economic, political, and human rights of every Venezuelan." The party says its "fundamental pillars" are progress, democracy, and social action.
Popular Will | Introduction
Civitas promotes the rechristianisation of France and Europe. It defines itself as a social and political movement in the "Traditionalist Catholic lobby", a "movement whose cause is the restoration to society of the kingship of Our Lord Jesus Christ". It is not interested in taking part in abstract political theory, but instead teaches "techniques...useful in discussions on the subversive dialectic, learning fundamental skills for effective action: speaking in public meetings, launching associations, concrete action, etc." For historian Étienne Fouilloux, this militant association, in promoting the establishment of the restoration of the Kingdom of Christ on Earth, is against republicanism and thus the French Republic itself:
Civitas (movement) | Aims
MUP-R was founded with the purpose of bringing together those who feel left-wing and Republican and who disagree with the policies of United Left (IU) after the leadership of Julio Anguita, especially the alliances with the Socialist Party (PSOE). MUP-R criticized the inaction of the IU, supporting a rupture with the socioeconomic regime of the monarchy of Juan Carlos I and considered that unity among the popular classes will lead to the victory of a Popular and Federal Republic of Spain.
Movement for People's Unity–Republicans | Ideology
The massive surveillance apparatus was aimed primarily against Puerto Rico's independence movement. Thus many independence supporters moved to the Popular Democratic Party as a means to an end to stop statehood. Attempt against President Truman U.S. Capitol shooting incident
Puerto Rican Nationalist Party revolts of the 1950s | Continued oppression of independence movement
The party considers independence its main objective. The party also supports socialism, feminism and the autonomy of the social movements.
Causa Galiza | Ideology
He was Director of Tours and Events for the Fifth Republic Movement (MVR) until 2006, when the party was renamed to the United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV), where Vivas held the same position of Director of tours and events. He was a deputy to the National Assembly of Venezuela for two consecutive periods from 2010 to mid-2017, separating from his position to run for the next election. On July 30, 2017, he was elected as a member of the National Constituent Assembly. During the pandemic in Venezuela, Vivas announced that he had tested positive for COVID-19 on July 19, 2020.
Darío Vivas | Political career
The Citizen Revolution Movement () is a left-wing political party in Ecuador formed by supporters of former President Rafael Correa the distancing from Correa's former PAIS Alliance party during the presidency of Lenin Moreno. The party takes its name from the term used to refer to the project of building a socialist society.
Citizen Revolution Movement | Introduction
The Bolivarian Revolution is a political process in Venezuela that was led by Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez, the founder of the Fifth Republic Movement and later the United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV). The Bolivarian Revolution is named after Simón Bolívar, an early 19th-century Venezuelan and Latin American revolutionary leader, prominent in the Spanish American wars of independence in achieving the independence of most of northern South America from Spanish rule. According to Chávez and other supporters, the Bolivarian Revolution seeks to build an inter-American coalition to implement Bolivarianism, nationalism and a state-led economy. On his 57th birthday, while announcing that he was being treated for cancer, Chávez announced that he had changed the slogan of the Bolivarian Revolution from "Motherland, socialism, or death" to "Motherland and socialism.
Bolivarian Revolution | Introduction
Hugo Chávez, then a Lieutenant Colonel in the army, had formed a secret revolutionary group (MBR-200) in the early 1980s and was planning a "rebellious intervention". He later felt the "Caracazo" was a missed opportunity for his movement. Three years later, Chávez saw another chance; in February 1992, he led an unsuccessful military coup d'état and was imprisoned. A second coup attempt, without his involvement, also failed. Chávez enjoyed some popular support for his actions. Released from prison in 1994, he recast his revolutionary group as a legitimate socialist political party, the Fifth Republic Movement. The movement adopted former Venezuelan leader Simón Bolívar as its "iconic hero" and "reference point"; Bolívar had played a key role in Latin America's successful struggle for independence from Spain in the 1820s.
The Revolution Will Not Be Televised (film) | Background
Chávez led the MBR-200 in an unsuccessful coup d'état against the Democratic Action government of President Carlos Andrés Pérez in 1992, for which he was imprisoned. Pardoned from prison after two years, he founded a political party known as the Fifth Republic Movement and was elected president of Venezuela in 1998 with 56.2% of the vote. He was re-elected in 2000 with 59.8% of the vote and again in 2006 with 62.8% of the vote. After winning his fourth term as president in the October 2012 presidential election with a decrease to 55.1% of the vote, he was to be sworn in on 10 January 2013.
Hugo Chávez | Introduction
The Revolutionary Marxist Current (Spanish: "Corriente Marxista Revolucionaria", CMR) is a Trotskyist tendency within the United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV). The CMR's position is that of support for the Bolivarian Revolution, while pointing out that the only way forward for the revolution is the nationalization of the commanding heights of the economy under workers' control. Also they think that a big section of the bureaucracy of the PSUV is the "Fifth Column" of the Bolivarian Revolution. The CMR is active in factory occupations through FRETECO. It has led the struggles in Inveval and Mitsubishi, while it has a presence in the student and trade union movement.
Revolutionary Marxist Current | Introduction
A coalition between the M5S and the centre-right coalition as a whole was preferred by only 4%. 22% preferred a coalition between the M5S, the centre-left coalition led by the Democratic Party along with the hard-left Free and Equal. A technocratic government was only supported by 1% of the M5S's voters.
Five Star Movement | No alliances
The party has been characterized as an entrepreneurial party. During the 2010 Italian elections, some parties highlighted a contradiction between the voluntary collective action in the struggles of civil society and openness in political representation Also in 2010, there were tensions between the movement and Italy of Values party. In March 2012, a city councillor in Rimini, Valentino Tavolazzi, advocated a national meeting on behalf of the movement, which gathered about 150 participants. At the meeting, there was both praise and criticism from the participants including from the few politicians who were present. The meeting took a harsh stance on the "conditions of Regulation M5S" because it was discovered to be in conflict with the statutes of its Civic Party of origin Project for Ferrara.
Five Star Movement | Internal organization
The program included the legalization of cannabis, removal of MPs' immunity, re-introduction of multi-rate tax system and concept of social housing system.
4K! – Fourth Republic! | History and aims
Announcing the party's manifesto on 15 April, Davutoğlu claimed that his party aimed to win 55% of the votes, and criticised Kılıçdaroğlu for his target of 35%.
June 2015 Justice and Development Party election campaign | Aims
The revolutionary movement of 5 October 1910 occurred following the ideological and political action that, since its creation in 1876, the Portuguese Republican Party (PRP) had been developing with the objective of overthrowing the monarchic regime. By making the national renewal dependent on the end of the monarchy, the Republican Party managed to define itself as distinct from the Portuguese Socialist Party, which defended a collaboration with the regime in exchange for the rights of the working class and attracted the sympathy of the dissatisfied sections of society. Disagreements within the party became more connected with matters of political than ideological strategy.
5 October 1910 revolution | The Portuguese Republican Party
This seat was occupied by Borregales himself. They contested both elections again in 1973 and, whilst Borregales's vote share fell to 0.2%, he finished ahead of three other candidates. However the National Assembly seat was lost. During each Presidential campaign Borregales campaigned only sporadically and focused most of his attention on the Assembly seat. The party contested no further elections.
National Action Movement (Venezuela) | Introduction
For example, the M5S electoral law was shaped through a series of online votes, like the name of the M5S candidate for President of the Republic. The choice to support the abolition of a law against immigrants was taken online by members of the M5S even if the final decision was against the opinions of Grillo and Casaleggio. The partnership with the UK Independence Party was also decided by online voting, although the given options for the choice of European Parliament group for M5S were limited to Europe of Freedom and Democracy (EFD), European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR) and "Stay independent" (Non-Inscrits).
Five Star Movement | Direct democracy
However, the CNIP cabinet ministers, led by future president Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, continued to support de Gaulle. With the support of 24 deputies, they founded their own party, the Independent Republicans (RI). Severely weakened by the split and its opposition to the October 1962 referendum, it suffered a major defeat in the 1962, left with only a handful of seats. It allied itself with the Popular Republican Movement (MRP) to form the Democratic Centre, later known as Progress and Modern Democracy, in which the CNIP was only a small component. The party has never regained its former strength and became a marginal conservative group.
National Centre of Independents and Peasants | Fifth Republic
The Democratic People's Movement was an organization founded by the militants of PCMLE , among them Jaime Hurtado, as well as other sectors of the left on March 17, 1978 at the premises of the Unique Trade Union of Drivers of Pichincha. The principles of this organization were summarized in its slogan: the "conquest of a popular, patriotic, democratic and revolutionary government that resolutely applies its program and lays the foundations for the conquest of socialism". The MPD would be opposition of all governments since its founding, from Jaime Roldós to Gustavo Noboa, being present in the organization of strikes, which led to their obtaining the qualification of ""tirapiedras"" that in English means: stone shooter.
Popular Unity (Ecuador) | Background
The Tupamaros were officially founded in 1992 and allegedly had the chance in prison to come into contact with Hugo Chávez, who was imprisoned for the 1992 Venezuelan coup d'état attempts. Chávez and the Tupamaros then allegedly made a deal since Chávez needed protection and the Tupamaros needed resources. With emergence of Hugo Chávez as President of Venezuela consolidated its disparities in support of the then new Movement for the Fifth Republic president. Nevertheless, throughout their existence, the ideological basis of the movement began to deteriorate. As it stood in the first decade of the twenty-first century denunciations of the group from many forces in the country, with respect to the conduct of this group and its members, was ever present, specifically because of alleged attacks on student movements that are not in agreement with Hugo Chávez.
Tupamaro (Venezuela) | Founding
On 28 January 2014, Giorgio Sorial, a deputy of the M5S, accused President Giorgio Napolitano of being a hangman who repressed opponents. Prime Minister Enrico Letta immediately defended President Napolitano, charging the M5S with being extremists. The following day, Angelo Tofalo, another deputy of the movement, ended his speech in the Chamber of Deputies by shouting "Boia chi molla!" ("Hangman the one who gives up!") a famous motto used during the Fascist era. Often the movement's members, especially its leader Beppe Grillo, have been accused of being too vulgar and (verbally) violent. Once a M5S demonstration inside the Chamber of Deputies against a law approved by the government caused a brawl between the M5S, the centrist Civic Choice, the right-wing Brothers of Italy and the centre-left Democratic Party.
Five Star Movement | Rhetoric
In 2010, he started a political movement, "Movimento 5 Stelle", the "Five Star Movement" to promote through the Internet his ideals about honesty and direct democracy. The movement became a party with electoral prospects during the 2010 regional elections, with four regional councillors being elected. The party made further gains at the 2012 local elections, receiving the third highest number of votes overall and winning the mayoral election for Parma. At the 2013 general election the M5S won 25.5% of votes, the second most popular one for the Chamber of Deputies, but obtained just 109 deputies out of 630 due to an electoral system which favoured parties running in coalition.
Beppe Grillo | Five Star Movement
The party leader Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu stated that his party would lead the next government if they won 35% of the vote. This indicates a 9% rise since the 2011 general election.
June 2015 Republican People's Party election campaign | Aims
"Elections where MAS backed the winning candidate shown in bold" MAS is a member of Socialist International, and a member of COPPPAL.
Movement for Socialism (Venezuela) | Presidential candidates supported
They met to practise promoting and experimenting with direct and participatory democracy and to share a document of intent, which included the establishment of proposals, repealing referenda, the direct election of the Ombudsman, the institution of participatory budgeting, and a "bound" mandate for public administrators and open primaries.
Five Star Movement | Meetups
In the Fifth Republic, the group was reincarnated as the Popular Republicans group ("groupe des Républicains populaires"), presided over by Alain Poher, with the Democratic Centre formation ("formation du Centre démocratique") administratively attached to it, with Yvon Coudé du Foresto serving as its secretary. In January 1959, the MRP received a proposal from the Rally of Democratic Forces ("Rassemblement des forces démocratiques", abbreviated RFD) envisaging the "establishment in France of a very large rally inspired by an ideal of political, economic, and social democracy", with the RFD consisting of a number of members of Catholic youth movements, some part of the MRP, including Rémy Montagne, Michel Debatisse, Bernard Lambert, and Nestor Rombeaut.
Centrist Union group | History
Venezuela was headed by a series of right-wing governments for years. In 1992, Hugo Chávez formed a group named Revolutionary Bolivarian Movement-200 aiming to take over the government, and attempted a coup d'état. Later, another coup was performed while Chávez was in prison. Both coup attempts failed and fighting resulted in around 143–300 deaths. Chávez, after receiving a pardon from president Rafael Caldera, later decided to participate in elections and formed the Movement for the Fifth Republic (MVR) party. He won the 1998 Venezuelan presidential elections. The changes started by Chávez were named the Bolivarian Revolution. Chávez, an anti-American politician who declared himself a democratic socialist, enacted a series of social reforms aimed at improving quality of life.
Venezuelan protests (2014–present) | Bolivarian Revolution