Mount Sinai ("Har Sinai"; ), traditionally known as Jabal Musa (, translation: Mount Moses), is a mountain in the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt that is a possible location of the biblical Mount Sinai, the place where Moses is said to have received the Ten Commandments. It is a moderately high mountain near the city of Saint Catherine in the region known in modern times as the Sinai Peninsula. It is next to Mount Catherine (at , the highest peak in Egypt). It is surrounded on all sides by higher peaks of the mountain range.
Introduction
Mount Sinai
Mount Sinai | Introduction
In the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt The Sinai Peninsula of Egypt. It is a mountain in the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt that is a possible location of the biblical Mount Sinai. Sinai Peninsula of Egypt
who told the magi to follow the star
user
Matthew's account suggests that the Magi knew from the star that the "king of the Jews" had been born before they arrived in Jerusalem
assistant
who is this magi?
user
The Magi (often translated as "wise men"), but is more accurately astrologers.
assistant
who is this star?
user
Other writers highly suggest that the star was a comet. Halley's Comet was visible in 12 BC and another object, possibly a comet or nova, was seen by Chinese and Korean stargazers in about 5 BC
assistant
what is this aforesaid comet?
user
Halley's Comet or Comet Halley, officially designated 1P/Halley, is a short-period comet visible from Earth every 75–76 years.
assistant
why did this aforesaid star was born?
user
According to the Gospel of Matthew, the star was born to lead the Magi to the birth place of Jesus.
assistant
which prophecy needed to be fulfilled?
user
The Star of Bethlehem is traditionally linked to the Star Prophecy in the Book of Numbers: "I see him, but not now; I behold him, but not near; A Star shall come out of Jacob; A Scepter shall rise out of Israel, And batter the brow of Moab, And destroy all the sons of tumult."
assistant
what is the structure of this aforesaid book of numbers?
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Most commentators divide Numbers into three sections based on locale (Mount Sinai, Kadesh-Barnea and the plains of Moab), linked by two travel sections; an alternative is to see it as structured around the two generations of those condemned to die in the wilderness and the new generation who will enter Canaan, making a theological distinction between the disobedience of the first generation and the obedience of the second.
assistant
did anyone translate it?
user
Sorry. I cannot find the answer based on the context.
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where is this mount located?
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Mount Sinai ("Har Sinai"; ), traditionally known as Jabal Musa (, translation: Mount Moses), is a mountain in the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt that is a possible location of the biblical Mount Sinai, the place where Moses is said to have received the Ten Commandments. It is a moderately high mountain near the city of Saint Catherine in the region known in modern times as the Sinai Peninsula. It is next to Mount Catherine (at , the highest peak in Egypt). It is surrounded on all sides by higher peaks of the mountain range.
Mount Sinai | Introduction
Mount Sinai is a mountain in the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt. Mount Sinai may also refer to:
Mount Sinai (disambiguation) | Introduction
In the 6th century, Saint Catherine's Monastery was constructed at the base of this mountain at a site which is claimed to be the site of the biblical burning bush. Josephus wrote that "Moses went up to a mountain that lay between Egypt and Arabia, which was called Sinai." Josephus says that Sinai is "the highest of all the mountains thereabout," and is "the highest of all the mountains that are in that country, and is not only very difficult to be ascended by men, on account of its vast altitude but because of the sharpness of its precipices". The traditional Mount Sinai, located in the Sinai Peninsula, is actually the name of a collection of peaks, sometimes referred to as the Holy Mountain peaks, which consist of Jabal Musa, Mount Catherine and Ras Sufsafeh.
Mount Sinai (Bible) | Jabal Musa
In the Bible, Mount Sinai (, "Har Sinai") is the mountain at which the Ten Commandments were given to Moses by God. In the Book of Deuteronomy, these events are described as having transpired at Mount Horeb. "Sinai" and "Horeb" are generally considered to refer to the same place by scholars. The location of the Mount Sinai described in the Bible remains disputed. The high point of the dispute was in the mid-nineteenth century. Hebrew Bible texts describe the theophany at Mount Sinai in terms which a minority of scholars, following Charles Beke (1873), have suggested may literally describe the mountain as a volcano.
Mount Sinai (Bible) | Introduction
The earliest Christian traditions place this event at the nearby Mount Serbal, at the foot of which a monastery was founded in the 4th century; it was only in the 6th century that the monastery moved to the foot of Mount Catherine, following the guidance of Josephus' earlier claim that Sinai was the highest mountain in the area. The earliest references to Jabal Musa as Mount Sinai or Mount Sinai being located in the present-day Sinai peninsula are inconclusive. There is evidence that prior to 100 CE, well before the Christian monastic period, Jewish sages equated Jabal Musa with Mount Sinai.
Mount Sinai (Bible) | Christianity
Mount Sinai is one of the most sacred locations in the Jewish, Christian and Islamic religions.
Mount Sinai (Bible) | Introduction
Mount Helal, in the north of the peninsula has also been proposed. Another northern Sinai suggestion is Hashem el-Tarif, some 30 km west of Eilat, Israel.
Mount Sinai (Bible) | Northern Sinai Peninsula
In early Christian times, a number of Anchorites settled on Mount Serbal, considering it to be the biblical mountain, and in the 4th century a monastery was constructed at its base. Nevertheless, Josephus had stated that Mount Sinai was "the highest of all the mountains thereabout", which would imply that Mount Catherine was actually the mountain in question, if Sinai was to be sited on the Sinai peninsula at all.
Mount Sinai (Bible) | Other Southern Sinai Peninsula
Some researchers suggest that Mount Sinai was not in the Sinai Peninsula, but in Midian, which is modern-day Saudi Arabia, and subsequently place Rephidim here as well. Jabal Maqla has been the subject of several explorations since the early 1980s. To the northwest of this mountain is a large plain and a massive split rock that reportedly shows signs of water erosion (Rephidim is also where Moses is recorded as striking a rock and water coming from it for the parched Hebrews). In the area, there are also allegedly proto-Hebrew inscriptions, some of which say "died Amalekite." The name "Rephidim" () may mean "supports".
Rephidim | Location
George. The route he and his men took is now marked as a historic trail.
Mount Sinai, New York | Origins
Sinai was also mentioned once by name in the rest of the Hebrew Bible in . In the New Testament, Paul the Apostle referred direction to Sinai in .
Mount Sinai (Bible) | Biblical description
Immediately north of the mountain is the 6th century Saint Catherine's Monastery. The summit has a mosque that is still used by Muslims, and a Greek Orthodox chapel, constructed in 1934 on the ruins of a 16th-century church, that is not open to the public. The chapel encloses the rock which is considered to be the source for the biblical Tablets of Stone. At the summit also is "Moses' cave", where Moses was said to have waited to receive the Ten Commandments.
Mount Sinai | Religious significance
The traditional identification of Mount Sinai as one of the mountains at the southern tip of the Sinai Peninsula would imply that Taberah and "Kibroth-hattaavah" was/were probably in the Wadi Murrah, about 30 miles north-east of the southern tip, and exactly a day's journey from 'Ain Hudherah. An ancient encampment has been found in this area, at the Erweis el-Ebeirig, but it dates to the Early Bronze Age (the early 3rd millennium BC). The traditional location of Mount Sinai has been rejected by the majority of scholars, as well as theologians, who favour a location at Mount Seir or in north western Saudi Arabia, Other writers have proposed locations in the Negev, or the central or northern Sinai desert.
Taberah | Introduction
Har-El believes the evidence supports Mount Sinai being located in the Suder Valley in the west-central Sinai Peninsula. His reasons include:
Gabal Sin Bishar | Gabal Sin Bishar & Suder Valley
The earliest references to Jabal Musa as Mount Sinai or Mount Sinai being located in the present day Sinai Peninsula are inconclusive. There is evidence that prior to 100 CE, well before the Christian monastic period, Jewish sages equated Jabal Musa with Mount Sinai. Graham Davies of Cambridge University argues that early Jewish pilgrimages identified Jabal Musa as Mount Sinai and this identification was later adopted by the Christian pilgrims. R. K. Harrison states that, “Jabal Musa . . . seems to have enjoyed special sanctity long before Christian times, culminating in its identification with Mt. Sinai." In the second and third centuries BCE Nabataeans were making pilgrimages there, which is indicated in part by inscriptions discovered in the area.
Mount Sinai (Bible) | Jabal Musa
Other scholars have criticised this identification, as, in addition to being almost 1000 years too early, it also appears to require the wholesale relocation of the Midianites, Amalekites, and other ancient peoples, from the locations where the majority of scholars currently place them.
Mount Sinai (Bible) | The Negev
Mount Sinai is located at (40.938532, -73.018668), bordering Long Island Sound on the North Shore of Long Island. According to the United States Census Bureau, the community has a total area of , of which is land and , or 6.53%, is water. Mount Sinai is bordered by Port Jefferson to the west, Port Jefferson Station to the southwest, Coram to the south, and Miller Place to the east. Long Island Sound is to the north.
Mount Sinai, New York | Geography
Gabal Sin Bishar (also called Jebel Sin Bishar or Mount Sin Bishar) is a mountain located in west-central Sinai. It was proposed to be the biblical Mount Sinai by Menashe Har-El, a biblical geographer at Tel Aviv University in his book "The Sinai Journeys: The Route of the Exodus". This location was used for Zondervan's "NIV Atlas of the Bible".
Gabal Sin Bishar | Introduction
Mount Serbal () is a mountain located in Wadi Feiran in southern Sinai. At high, it is the fifth highest mountain in Egypt. It is part of the St. Catherine National Park. It is thought by some to be the Biblical Mount Sinai. Among others this was claimed by Ludwig Schneller, because it fits best with the biblical tradition taking into account the route and speed of the Israelites and the surroundings of the mountain, as Rephidim is identified with Wadi Feiran. There were many granite dwellings on Mount Serbal which were inhabited by anchorites in early Christian times, and there are traces of a fourth-century monastery close to its base.
Mount Serbal | Introduction
Beke's suggestion has not found as much scholarly support as the candidature of Hala-'l Badr; the equation of Sinai with Hala-'l Badr has been advocated by Alois Musil in the early 20th century, Jean Koenig in 1971, and Colin Humphreys in 2003, among others. The possibility of an alternate site located in Saudi Arabia has also drawn attention due to the Apostle Paul's assertion in the first century that Mount Sinai was located in Arabia, although in Paul's time, the region of Arabia Petraea would have included both the modern Sinai peninsula and northwestern Saudi Arabia. A possible candidate within the Arabia theory has been that of "Jabal al-Lawz" (meaning 'mountain of almonds').
Mount Sinai (Bible) | Arabian Peninsula
Modern scholars differ as to the exact geographical position of Mount Sinai. The Elijah narrative appears to suggest that when it was written, the location of "Horeb" was still known with some certainty, as Elijah is described as travelling to Horeb on one occasion, but there are no later biblical references to it that suggest the location remained known; Josephus specifies that it was "between Egypt and Arabia", and within Arabia Petraea (a Roman Province encompassing modern Jordan, southern modern Syria, the Sinai Peninsula and northwestern Saudi Arabia with its capital in Petra). The Pauline Epistles are even more vague, specifying only that it was in Arabia, which covers most of the south-western Middle East.
Mount Sinai (Bible) | Suggested locations
Etheria (circa 4th century CE) wrote, "The whole mountain group looks as if it were a single peak, but, as you enter the group, [you see that] there are more than one." The highest mountain peak is Mount Catherine, rising above the sea and its sister peak, Jabal Musa (), is not much further behind in height, but is more conspicuous because of the open plain called "er Rachah" ("the wide"). Mount Catherine and Jabal Musa are both much higher than any mountains in the Sinaitic desert, or in all of Midian. The highest tops in the Tih desert to the north are not much over .
Mount Sinai (Bible) | Jabal Musa
The hypothesis that this mountain is the original Mount Sinai has faced criticism. Some of the arguments against the proposal that Hashem El Tarif is Mount Sinai are as follows:
Hashem El Tarif | Criticisms
There are two principal routes to the summit. The longer and shallower route, "Siket El Bashait", takes about 2.5 hours on foot, though camels can be used. The steeper, more direct route ("Siket Sayidna Musa") is up the 3,750 "steps of penitence" in the ravine behind the monastery.
Mount Sinai | Ascent and summit
Menashe Har-El examined the pros and cons of various theories on where Mount Sinai is located. These include: All locations have proponents, but Gabal Horeb in the southern peninsula has been the traditional location since the 4th century AD (but notably not before). The Old Testament prophet Elijah, according to 1 Kings 19, is the last person recorded in the Bible as visiting Mount Sinai. The account of his visit does not give geographical details that help determine the actual location, but suggests the location was known long after the Jewish people left the mountain. Unfortunately, there are no surviving extra-biblical documents that mark the location.
Gabal Sin Bishar | Proposed locations
'The heavens' could be a metaphor for clouds and the 'lake of fire' could be a metaphor for the lava-filled crater. Several bible critics have indicated that the smoke and fire reference from the Bible suggests that Mount Sinai was a volcano; despite the absence of ash. Other bible scholars have suggested that the description fits a storm especially as the Song of Deborah seems to allude to rain having occurred at the time. According to the biblical account, God spoke directly to the Israelite nation as a whole. Sinai is mentioned by name in ten other locations in the Torah: , , and .
Mount Sinai (Bible) | Biblical description
Since Moses is described by the Bible as encountering Jethro, a Kenite who was a Midianite priest, shortly before encountering Sinai, this suggests that Sinai would be somewhere near their territory in Saudi Arabia; the Kenites and Midianites appear to have resided east of the Gulf of Aqaba. Additionally, the Song of Deborah, which some textual scholars consider one of the oldest parts of the Bible, portrays God as having dwelt at Mount Seir, and seems to suggest that this equates with Mount Sinai; Mount Seir designates the mountain range in the centre of Edom. Based on a number of local names and features, in 1927 Ditlef Nielsen identified the "Jebel al-Madhbah" (meaning "mountain of the Altar") at Petra as being identical to the biblical Mount Sinai; since then other scholars have also made the identification.
Mount Sinai (Bible) | Edom/Nabatea
Whether the Second Temple's sacred books (given by Roman General Titus to Josephus) contained information on the location of Mount Sinai is unknown, but Josephus did write about the mountain. However, Dr. Har-El was a geologist and he discusses in detail the geographic and environmental markers in Sinai, which do survive to the present day. He notes how they compare with the biblical account. Dr. Har-El gave nine main reasons why he believed the traditional location of Gabal Horeb (Gabal Musa)in southern Sinai was not Mount Sinai:
Gabal Sin Bishar | Proposed locations
Mount Tabor is an important Biblical site located in Lower Galilee, Israel. Mount Tabor may also refer to:
Mount Tabor (disambiguation) | Introduction
Graham Davies of Cambridge University argues that early Jewish pilgrimages identified Jabal Musa as Mount Sinai and this identification was later adopted by the Christian pilgrims. R. K. Harrison states that "Jebel Musa . . . seems to have enjoyed special sanctity long before Christian times, culminating in its identification with Mt. Sinai." Saint Catherine's Monastery (Greek: ) lies on the Sinai Peninsula, at the mouth of an inaccessible gorge at the foot of modern Mount Sinai in Saint Catherine at an elevation of 1550 meters. The monastery is Greek Orthodox and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. According to the UNESCO report (60100 ha / Ref: 954) and website hereunder, this monastery has been called the oldest working Christian monastery in the world – although the Monastery of Saint Anthony, situated across the Red Sea in the desert south of Cairo, also lays claim to that title.
Mount Sinai (Bible) | Christianity
Hashem El Tarif is a mountain located in northeast Egyptian Sinai, close to the border of modern Israel. According to Google Earth, the name of the mountain is "Gebel Khashm El Tarif", its coordinates being near 29°40'9.18"N and 34°38'0.28"E.
Hashem El Tarif | Introduction
A suggested possible naturalistic explanation of the biblical "devouring fire" is that Sinai could have been an erupting volcano; this has been suggested by Charles Beke, Sigmund Freud, and Immanuel Velikovsky, among others. This possibility would exclude all the peaks on the Sinai peninsula and Seir, but would make a number of locations in north western Saudi Arabia reasonable candidates. In 1873, Charles Beke proposed Jebel Baggir which he called the "Jabal al-Nour" (meaning "mountain of light"), a volcanic mountain at the northern end of the Gulf of Aqaba, with Horeb being argued to be a different mountain - the nearby Jebel Ertowa.
Mount Sinai (Bible) | Arabian Peninsula
Mount Horeb (Hebrew: ; Greek in the Septuagint: ; Latin in the Vulgate: "") is the mountain at which the Book of Deuteronomy in the Hebrew Bible states that the Ten Commandments were given to Moses by Yahweh. It is described in two places (the Book of Exodus and the Books of Kings ) as the "Mountain of God". The mountain is also called the Mountain of YHWH. In other biblical passages, these events are described as having transpired at Mount Sinai. Although most scholars consider Sinai and Horeb to have been different names for the same place, there is a minority body of opinion that they may have been different locations.
Mount Horeb | Introduction
(Scholarly opinion places it at either the mountain historically known as "Sinai" or Mount Seir.)
List of religious sites | Judaism
Cornuke's book, "In Search of the Mountain of God", claimed to match of the biblical Mount Sinai to "Jabal al-Lawz" in Saudi Arabia. A similar claim was made earlier, in 1984, by Ron Wyatt.
Bob Cornuke | Mount Sinai
A number of scholars have proposed Jebel al-Madhbah as the Biblical Mount Sinai, beginning with Ditlef Nielsen in 1927. The valley in which Petra resides is known as "Wadi Musa", meaning "Valley of Moses". At the entrance to Wadi Musa is Ain Musa, the "Spring of Moses".
Jebel al-Madhbah | Mount Sinai theory
The exact location of the mountain known in the ancient sources as Mount Scopus is not known. It is described as being in the north-eastern part of the ridge that prominently includes the Mount of Olives, which dominates Jerusalem from the east. As the Zionist organisations decided to build a new Jewish institution of higher learning in Jerusalem, which eventually became the Hebrew University, they decided that it was unwise to try and ask for donations for a project designed to be built on the Mount of Olives, a location with many Christian connotations. The site chosen for the university did correspond approximately to the description of the ancient Mount Scopus, and so it was decided to name that particular peak Mount Scopus.
Mount Scopus | Modern era
Mount Sinai was founded in the 1660s. more likely 1664
Mount Sinai, New York | History
Mount Arif () is a mountain at an elevation of located in the Negev desert in southern Israel. The mountain is located in the central part of the Negev desert, about southwest of the city of Beersheba, northwest of the city of Eilat, at the border with Egypt. The mountain is the second highest peak in the Negev desert, after the peak of Mount Ramon. An IDF military base is situated on the mountain due to its strategic location on the border with Egypt. Remains of a prehistoric settlement have been discovered in the past in the site. A cluster of 17 water cisterns exist approximately 5 km east of the mountain which were estimated to have been built during the reign of king Solomon, and were active apparently until the Babylonian exile.
Mount Harif | Introduction
According to textual scholars, in the JE version of the Exodus narrative, the Israelites travel in a roughly straight line to Kadesh Barnea from the "Yam Suph" (literally meaning "the Reed Sea", but considered traditionally to refer to the Red Sea), and the detour via the south of the Sinai peninsula is only present in the Priestly Source. A number of scholars and commentators have therefore looked towards the more central and northern parts of the Sinai peninsula for the mountain. Mount Sin Bishar, in the west-central part of the peninsula, was proposed to be the biblical Mount Sinai by Menashe Har-El, a biblical geographer at Tel Aviv University.
Mount Sinai (Bible) | Northern Sinai Peninsula
Robinson says that inscriptions with pictures of Moon worship objects are found all over the southern peninsula but are missing on Jabal Musa and Mount Catherine. This oddity may suggest religious cleansing.
Mount Sinai (Bible) | Jabal Musa
The valley in which Petra resides is known as the "Wadi Musa", meaning "valley of Moses", and at the entrance to the Siq is the Ain Musa, meaning "spring of Moses"; the 13th century Arab chronicler Numari stated that Ain Musa was the location where Moses had brought water from the ground, by striking it with his rod. The Jebel al-Madhbah was evidently considered particularly sacred, as the well known ritual building known as "The Treasury" is carved into its base, the mountain top is covered with a number of different altars, and over 8 metres of the original peak were carved away to leave a flat surface with two 8 metre tall obelisks sticking out of it; these obelisks, which frame the end of the path leading up to them, and are now only 6 metres tall, have led to the mountain being colloquially known as "Zibb 'Atuf", meaning "penis of love" in Arabic.
Mount Sinai (Bible) | Edom/Nabatea
The biblical account of the giving of the instructions and teachings of the Ten Commandments was given in the Book of Exodus, primarily between books 19-24, during which Sinai is mentioned by name twice, in . In the story Sinai was enveloped in a cloud, it quaked and was filled with smoke, while lightning-flashes shot forth, and the roar of thunder mingled with the blasts of a trumpet; the account later adds that fire was seen burning at the summit of the mountain. In the biblical account, the fire and clouds are a direct consequence of the arrival of God upon the mountain.
Mount Sinai (Bible) | Biblical description
The peninsula is associated with Aaron and Moses, who are also regarded as Prophets. In particular, numerous references to the mount exist in the Quran, where it is called "Ṭūr Sīnā’", "Ṭūr Sīnīn", and "aṭ-Ṭūr" and "al-Jabal" (both meaning "the Mount"). As for the adjacent "Wād Ṭuwā" (Valley of Tuwa), it is considered as being "muqaddas" (sacred), and a part of it is called "Al-Buqʿah Al-Mubārakah" (, "The Blessed Place"). Some modern biblical scholars explain Mount Sinai as having been a sacred place dedicated to one of the Semitic deities, even before the Israelites encountered it. Others regard the set of laws given on the mountain to have originated in different time periods from one another, with the later ones mainly being the result of natural evolution over the centuries of the earlier ones, rather than all originating from a single moment in time.
Mount Sinai (Bible) | Islam
Mount Zion is a hill in Jerusalem. Mount Zion may also refer to:
Mount Zion (disambiguation) | Introduction
Mount Zion (, "Har Tsiyyon"; , "Jabal Sahyoun") is a hill in Jerusalem, located just outside the walls of the Old City. The term Mount Zion has been used in the Hebrew Bible first for the City of David (, ; , ) and later for the Temple Mount, but its meaning has shifted and it is now used as the name of ancient Jerusalem's Western Hill. In a wider sense, the term is also used for the entire Land of Israel.
Mount Zion | Introduction
The Monks at Saint Catherine's Monastery, following church tradition, believe that this bush is, in fact, the original bush seen by Moses, rather than a later replacement, and anyone entering the chapel is required to remove their shoes, just as Moses was said to have done so in the biblical account. However, in modern times, it is not Mount Saint Catherine, but the adjacent Jebel Musa ("Mount Moses"), which is currently identified as Mount Sinai by popular tradition and guidebooks; this identification arose from Bedouin tradition. Mount Serbal, Mount Sinai, and Mount Saint Catherine, all lie at the southern tip of the Sinai peninsula, but the peninsula's name is a comparatively modern invention, and it was not known by that name at the time of Josephus or earlier.
Burning bush | Location
The final argument in favor of Hashem El Tarif is the fact that the traditional Mount Sinai (Jebel Musa) is devoid of any of the above and surrounded by a granite plateau unsuitable for herding sheep. According to the documentary, though, despite all this evidence, permission for archeological excavation was not granted to them by the Egyptian military, which the documentary claims closely guards and restricts access to the mountain.
Hashem El Tarif | The Exodus Decoded
The Mount Sinai Jewish Center (MSJC) is an Orthodox Jewish Ashkenazi congregation in the Washington Heights / Hudson Heights neighborhood, in the New York City borough of Manhattan. The building's main entrance is at 135 Bennett Avenue at the corner of W. 187th Street, and it spans the entire block to Broadway.
Mount Sinai Jewish Center | Introduction
Noting that Jewish tradition has not preserved a tradition about Mount Sinai's location, Plaut observed that had the Israelites known the location in later centuries, Jerusalem and its Temple could never have become the center of Jewish life, for Jerusalem and the Temple would have been inferior in holiness to the God's mountain. Plaut concluded that Sinai thus became in Judaism, either by design or happenstance, a concept rather than a place. Professor Harold Fisch, formerly of Bar-Ilan University, argued that the revelation at Mount Sinai beginning at is echoed in Prince Hamlet’s meeting with his dead father’s ghost in I, scene 5 of William Shakespeare’s play "Hamlet".
Yitro (parsha) | Exodus chapter 19
In gratitude, a monument was erected on the summit with their names carved on it in Greek letters. The rediscovered monument was a marble block, about three feet wide and one foot high, inscribed with three words “,” “,” and “” (Greek for heroes).
Mount Thourion | Introduction
The Protestant reformer John Calvin took the view that Sinai and Horeb were the same mountain, with the eastern side of the mountain being called Sinai and the western side being called Horeb. Abraham Ibn Ezra suggested that there was one mountain, "only it had two tops, which bore these different names".
Mount Horeb | Introduction
Other locations which have been proposed include: one of the Horns of Hattin by R. W. Stewart (1857), Gebel Germaq (1208m) 5 km SW of Safed, by W. Ewing (1906), Tel El-Ahmar (1452m) on Jabal al-Druze by Gustav Dalman (1924), and Mount Nebo by H.A. Whittaker (1987), Mount Sinai by Benjamin Urrutia. Others, such as A. Loisy (1908), have deliberately rejected seeking a geographical location.
Mount of Transfiguration | Other locations
A literal translation of the beginning of this passage from Hebrew into English might run: "Then Moses ascended from the plains of Moab to Mount Nebo, top of the summit...". In the Book of Numbers, Chapter 23, Mount Pisgah is listed as one of several locations from which the Moabite King, Balak, tries unsuccessfully to persuade the prophet Balaam to curse Israel:
Mount Pisgah (Bible) | In the Bible
Hashem El Tarif is one of several proposed locations of the biblical Mount Sinai.
Hashem El Tarif | Mount Sinai claims
Willow Peak or Ras es-Safsafeh (رأس صفصافة) is a mountain in the Sinai Peninsula. The mountain peak overlooks Saint Catherine's Monastery, and is situated approximately 1km to the west. Christian tradition considers the mountain to be the biblical Mount Horeb.
Willow Peak | Introduction
Once seeing that, Moses, in the center, gets angry and breaks the Tables on the ground. The right background depicts the punishment of the idolatrous and the receiving of the new Tables. Joshua, in the blue and yellow, appears with Moses.
Descent from Mount Sinai (Sistine Chapel) | Description
According to the biblical story, Moses departed to the mountain and stayed there for 40 days and nights in order to receive the Ten Commandments and he did so twice because he broke the first set of the tablets of stone after returning from the mountain for the first time. The biblical description of God's descent seems to be in conflict with the statement shortly after that God spoke to the Israelites from Heaven. While biblical scholars argue that these passages are from different sources, the "Mekhilta" argues that God had lowered the heavens and spread them over Sinai, and the "Pirke De-Rabbi Eliezer" argues that a hole was torn in the heavens, and Sinai was torn away from the earth and the summit pushed through the hole.
Mount Sinai (Bible) | Biblical description
While equating Sinai with Petra would indicate that the Israelites journeyed in roughly a straight line from Egypt via Kadesh Barnea, and locating Sinai in Saudi Arabia would suggest Kadesh Barnea was skirted to the south, some scholars have wondered whether Sinai was much closer to the vicinity of Kadesh Barnea itself. Halfway between Kadesh Barnea and Petra, in the southwest Negev desert in Israel, is "Har Karkom", which Emmanuel Anati excavated, and discovered to have been a major Paleolithic cult centre, with the surrounding plateau covered with shrines, altars, stone circles, stone pillars, and over 40,000 rock engravings; although the peak of religious activity at the site dates to 2350–2000 BCE, the exodus is dated 15 Nisan 2448 (Hebrew calendar; 1313 BCE), and the mountain appears to have been abandoned between 1950–1000 BCE, Anati proposed that Jabal Ideid was equatable with biblical Sinai.
Mount Sinai (Bible) | The Negev
The section received the approval from the Chief Rabbinate of Israel for meeting standards of acceptability according to Jewish practice and it is the only place outside of Israel where a person can receive a genuine cave burial.
Mount Sinai Simi Valley | Introduction
Exodus: A Journey to the Mountain of God (Hebrew: אקסודוס, מסע אל הר האלוהים) is a 1992 Israeli documentary film that follows an international group of archaeologists and travelers who go on a camel-back journey looking for the true location of the Biblical Mount Sinai. Arriving at Mount Karkom in the southern Negev Desert of Israel, they examine the archaeological findings discovered there by Italian archaeologist Prof. Emmanuel Anati. These findings are the basis for a theory claiming that the Biblical Mount Sinai is not Jabal Musa in Egypt, as some traditions claim, but Mount Karkom, and that this is where the Exodus took place.
Exodus: A Journey to the Mountain of God | Introduction
Mount Gaash was the name of a hill in ancient Israel, in the mountainous region of Ephraim, mentioned several times in the Hebrew Bible. It is mentioned as a place of torrent valleys, which may refer to ravines in the vicinity:
Mount Gaash | Introduction
It is located at Saint Catherine's Monastery on Mount Sinai in Egypt, where it is designated Gr. 173.
Minuscule 1210 | Location
Mount Sinai is the name residents have used since 1841/1842.
Mount Sinai, New York | Development as agricultural hamlet
According to the Documentary hypothesis, the name "Sinai" is only used in the Torah by the Jahwist and Priestly source, whereas "Horeb" is only used by the Elohist and Deuteronomist. Horeb is thought to mean "glowing/heat", which seems to be a reference to the sun, while "Sinai" may have derived from the name of "Sin", the Sumerian deity of the moon, and thus Sinai and Horeb would be the mountains of the moon and sun, respectively. Regarding the Sumerian "Sin" deity assumption, William F. Albright, an American biblical scholar, had stated:
Mount Sinai (Bible) | Etymology and other names
Mount Sodom (, "Har Sedom") is a hill along the southwestern part of the Dead Sea in Israel; it is part of the Judaean Desert Nature Reserve.
Mount Sodom | Introduction
Beke renounced his theory that Sinai was a volcano when he learned that Mount Baghir (also "Mountain of Light"), his volcanic Mount Sinai which was just northeast of the Gulf of Aqaba, was not a volcanic mountain after all. In part, Humphreys' argument that Hallat al Badr is Mount Sinai rests on Alois Musils' argument that the itinerary stations given in Numbers 33 lead directly to Badr; he also reports that a volcano in the region erupted in 640 AD, but it is not known exactly which volcano this was. James K. Hoffmeier argues that the route suggested by Humphreys would have put the supposed volcano behind the Israelites at times, not in front.
Hala-'l Badr | Introduction
In her book "A History of Sinai", Lina Eckenstein theorized that Serabit el-Khadim was the historical site of Mt. Sinai where Moses received the Ten Commandments. This theory comes in no small part to the site containing a temple of Hathor, the goddess Eckenstein believed was represented by the idol of a golden calf constructed by the Hebrews while Moses was on the mountain top.
Serabit el-Khadim | Relation to Mount Sinai
Mount Hermon is a high mountain on the border between Syria and Lebanon. The name may also refer to:
Mount Hermon (disambiguation) | Introduction
Mount Seir (; "Har Se'ir"), today known in Arabic as (; "Jibāl ash-Sharāh"), is the ancient and biblical name for a mountainous region stretching between the Dead Sea and the Gulf of Aqaba in the northwestern region of Edom and southeast of the Kingdom of Judah. It may also have marked the older historical limit of Ancient Egypt in Canaan. A place called "Seir, in the land of Shasu" ("ta-Shasu se`er, t3-sh3sw s`r"), thought to be near Petra, Jordan, is listed in the temple of Amenhotep III at Soleb (ca. 1380 BC).
Mount Seir | Introduction
A peak in this area rising to 2,236 m (7,336 ft) is the highest elevation in Israeli-controlled territory.
Mount Hermon | Introduction
Mount Sinai is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) located within the Town of Brookhaven in Suffolk County, New York, United States. The population was 12,118 at the 2010 census. The hamlet is located on the North Shore of Long Island, and is served by the Mount Sinai School District and the Mount Sinai Fire Department, founded on October 25, 1930. The Mount Sinai Fire District covers approximately 5.5 square miles including the Mount Sinai Harbor and parts of the Long Island Sound. Mount Sinai's ZIP code is 11766. Mount Sinai was first settled in the 1660s and was known by the name of "Old Mans" until a name change in the 1840s.
Mount Sinai, New York | Introduction
Mount Nebo is a mountain in the present-day Western Jordan on which, according to the Bible, the prophet Moses died. Mount Nebo may also refer to:
Mount Nebo (disambiguation) | Introduction
Mount Hor (Hebrew: , "Hor Ha-Har") is the name given in the Old Testament to two distinct mountains. One borders the land of Edom in the area south of the Dead Sea, and the other is by the Mediterranean Sea at the Northern border of the Land of Israel. The first Mount Hor is especially significant to the Israelites as Aaron the high priest, brother of Moses, died there.
Mount Hor | Introduction
Initially an agricultural hamlet, it transitioned into a popular resort town in the late-19th century and developed into a suburb of New York City in the mid-20th century. While primarily a residential community, the hamlet contains Mount Sinai Harbor and its popular public beach, Cedar Beach.
Mount Sinai, New York | Introduction
Mount Simeon or Mount Simon ( Jabal Semʻān ), also called Mount Laylūn (, is a highland region in Aleppo Governorate in northern Syria. The mountain is located in the Mount Simeon and Aʻzāz districts of Aleppo Governorate.
Mount Simeon | Introduction
Horeb is thought to mean "glowing"/"heat", which seems to be a reference to the Sun, while Sinai may have derived from the name of Sin, the Sumerian deity of the Moon, and thus Sinai and Horeb would be the mountains of the Moon and Sun, respectively.
Mount Horeb | Etymology
The area now known as Mount Sinai was originally called "Nonowatuck", or "stream that dries up", by the Seatocot family of Native Americans who lived here. The first European settlers were Colonial settlers living in what is now Setauket, who obtained a deed from these local Native Americans in 1664. The origin of the town's initial European name, "Old Mans", is not known. The most prominent telling concerns Major John Gotherson, an elderly Englishman who was supposedly swindled into incorrectly believing he'd bought land in the New World by Captain John Scott, an important leader in Long Island's early history.
Mount Sinai, New York | Origins
A non-Semitic relationship to the Hurrian word "šeya" ("river" or "brook") has also been suggested. "Sahyun" (, "Ṣahyūn" or "Ṣihyūn") is the word for Zion in Arabic and Syriac. A valley called "Wâdi Sahyûn" ("wadi" being the Arabic for "valley") seemingly preserves the name and is located approximately one and three-quarter miles () from the Old City of Jerusalem's Jaffa Gate. The phrase "Har Tzion", lit. "Mount Zion", appears nine times in the Tanakh. It is spelled with a Tzadi and not Zayin.
Mount Zion | Etymology
The question then becomes whether the site can be ascertained accurately. A second complex legal debate centers around the precise divine punishment for stepping onto these forbidden spots.
Temple Mount | Jewish religious law concerning entry to the site
Ma'on is located in the southern Judean Hills at about 863 m above sea level.
Ma'on, Mount Hebron | Geography
Mount Sinai can be reached from the monastery or, alternatively, from Wadi El Arbain where the Rock of Moses (Hagar Musa) and the Monastery of the Forty Martyrs are.
Saint Catherine, Egypt | Modern township
The Descent from Mount Sinai is a fresco by the Italian Renaissance painter Cosimo Rosselli and his assistants, executed in 1481–1482 and located in the Sistine Chapel, Rome. It depicts the prophet Moses in the process of receiving and introducing the Ten Commandments.
Descent from Mount Sinai (Sistine Chapel) | Introduction
Moses recalled in that God had said to the Israelites at Horeb, "You have dwelt long enough at this mountain: turn and take your journey", confirming that Horeb was the location from which they set off towards Canaan.
Mount Horeb | Occurrences
Mount Carmel is a coastal mountain range in northern Israel. Mount Carmel may refer also to:
Mount Carmel (disambiguation) | Introduction
Jabal al-Halāl (Arabic:جبل الحلال) is a mountain in the North Sinai Governorate of Egypt. At 910 meters above sea level, it is the highest mountain of the Khashm ar-Rih range. It has been called Egypt's Tora Bora as it is a hideout for the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant – Sinai Province.
Mount Helal | Introduction
The Gate of Remission () is located on the north side.
Gates of the Temple Mount | Gate of Remission
The Hebrew name of the, "tabor", has long been connected with the name for "navel", "ṭabbur", but this is probably due to popular etymology. The form "Itabyrium" attributed to Josephus is an editorial conjecture based on reading variants in manuscripts and may not be historical. From the connection with the Transfiguration of Jesus, the mountain became eponymous of the Tabor light in Christian theology, of the Bohemian sect of the Taborites, and of numerous settlements and institutions.
Mount Tabor | Etymology
Sinai Cemetery.
New Mount Sinai Cemetery | History
The congregation is the successor to many "shuls" that have merged over the past 102 years. Its official title is Mount Sinai Anshe Emeth, Emez Wozedek Jewish Center of Washington Heights & Beth Hillel & Beth Israel. Since 2002, Mount Sinai has seen a massive resurgence due to the influx of many young, religious Jews moving to the neighborhood.
Mount Sinai Jewish Center | History
Mount Ramon is a mountain in the Negev desert in Israel, near the Egyptian border and west of the well-known Ramon Crater. Its elevation is above sea level and it is the summit of the Negev Mountains. It is the highest mountain in Southern District (Israel).
Mount Ramon | Introduction
Mount Hebron is a geographic region and geologic formation in the West Bank and Israel. Mount Hebron may also refer to:
Mount Hebron (disambiguation) | Introduction
picture creater of mount patah
Mount Patah | Introduction
Mount Peres (, "Tall al-Faras", , "Har Peres") is a volcanic mountain located in central Golan Heights, some east of Moshav Keshet. Its highest point is above sea level, or about above ground level. The mountain is the southernmost of a series of dormant volcanoes that stretch up to the northern parts of the Golan Heights. On top of the mountain is a well-preserved crater, 200 meters in diameter and deep.
Mount Peres | Introduction
Some translators of the biblical book of Deuteronomy translate Pisgah (פִּסְגָּה) as a name of a mountain, usually referring to Mount Nebo. The region lies directly east of the Jordan River and just northeast of the Dead Sea. Mount Nebo (31°45.9'N 35°43.1'E) is the highest among a handful of Pisgah summits; an arid cluster of hilltops on the western edge of the Trans-Jordanian Plateau. Arabic names for Pisgah include: Fasga (Phasga), Jabal Siyāgha (transliterated also as Siaghah/Siâghah/Siyagha/Siyāgha, etc.), Rās as-Siyāgha and Rujm Siyāgha.
Mount Pisgah (Bible) | Introduction
It is one of the manuscripts discovered in Saint Catherine's Monastery at Sinai in May 1975, during the restoration work. Currently the codex is housed at the St. Catherine's Monastery (N.E. ΜΓ 48, 53, 55) in Sinai.
Uncial 0296 | Location
The Book of Ezekiel (27:5), meanwhile, praises its cypresses (referring to it by its alternate name Senir (cf. Deut. 3:9).
Mount Hermon | Hebrew Bible and apocrypha
Mount Scopus ( ', "Mount of the Watchmen/ Sentinels"; ', lit. "Mount Lookout", or "" "Mount of the Scene/Burial Site", or ) is a mountain (elevation: 2710 feet or 826 meters above sea level) in northeast Jerusalem. Between the 1948 Arab–Israeli War and the Six-Day War in 1967, Mount Scopus was a UN-protected Israeli exclave within Jordanian-administered territory. Today, Mount Scopus lies within the municipal boundaries of the city of Jerusalem.
Mount Scopus | Introduction
The mountain is located 60km south of al-Arish. It was named "Halal" because of the camels and sheep that used to graze around the mountain. The residents of the mountain are the Tarabin and Tiyaha tribes. The mountain has long been a refuge of smugglers and bandits and has been described as 'controlled by Bedouin outlaws'. According to Ibrahim Hammad, the Bedouin chief of Bir al-Abed, "This mountain is like a ghost area. It hasn't been attacked by outsiders even in the worst security conditions." The area has many land mines. It is thought by some, including Claude Scudamore Jarvis, to be the biblical Mount Sinai.
Mount Helal | History
The valley he identified (which is now known as Wady Yasul in Arabic, and Nahal Etzel in Hebrew) lies "south" of both Jerusalem and the Mount of Olives.
Mount of Olives | Old Testament references