The word thorax comes from the Greek θώραξ "thorax" "breastplate, cuirass, corslet" via .
Etymology
Thorax
Thorax | Etymology
The word comes from the Greek θώραξ "thorax" "breastplate, cuirass, corslet. From the Greek word θώραξ "thorax" "breastplate, cuirass, corslet The word thorax comes from the Greek θώραξ "thorax" "breastplate, cuirass, corslet" The word thorax comes from the Greek θώραξ "thorax" "breastplate, cuirass, corslet" via
what is ypresiomyrma?
user
It is an extinct genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmeciinae.
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how are they classified?
user
As "incertae sedis"
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who described them for thr first time?
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Bruce Archibald, Stefan Cover and Corrie Moreau
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who is the first person?
user
Sorry. I cannot find the answer based on the context.
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how do they look like?
user
The waist connecting the thorax and the abdomen is composed of a single segment, the head is in various shapes, and mandibles are a distinct triangular shape and shorter than the head.
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what is thorax?
user
It is the part of the anatomy of humans, mammals, other tetrapod animals located between the neck and the abdomen.
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from where did it get its name?
user
The word thorax comes from the Greek θώραξ "thorax" "breastplate, cuirass, corslet" via .
Thorax | Etymology
In mammals, the thorax is the region of the body formed by the sternum, the thoracic vertebrae, and the ribs. It extends from the neck to the diaphragm, and does not include the upper limbs. The heart and the lungs reside in the thoracic cavity, as well as many blood vessels. The inner organs are protected by the rib cage and the sternum. Thoracic vertebrae are also distinguished in birds, but not in reptiles.
Thorax | In tetrapods
"Bathynotus" is derived from the Greek words βαθυς -bathus- meaning "ample"; and νοτος -notos- meaning "back", for the very wide axis of the thorax. The species names are derived as follows.
Bathynotus | Etymology
In humans and other hominids, the thorax is the chest region of the body between the neck and the abdomen, along with its internal organs and other contents. It is mostly protected and supported by the rib cage, spine, and shoulder girdle.
Thorax | Structure
The thorax is the midsection (tagma) of the insect body. It holds the head, legs, wings and abdomen. It is also called mesosoma or cephalothorax in other arthropods. It is formed by the prothorax, mesothorax and metathorax and comprises the scutellum; the cervix, a membrane that separates the head from the thorax; and the pleuron, a lateral sclerite of the thorax. In dragonflies and damselflies the mesothorax and metathorax are fused together to form the synthorax.
Thorax (arthropod anatomy) | Introduction
The thorax is the human chest, or division of an animal's body that lies between the head and the abdomen. Thorax may also refer to:
Thorax (disambiguation) | Introduction
The thorax or chest is a part of the anatomy of humans, mammals, other tetrapod animals located between the neck and the abdomen. In insects, crustaceans, and the extinct trilobites, the thorax is one of the three main divisions of the creature's body, each of which is in turn composed of multiple segments. The human thorax includes the thoracic cavity and the thoracic wall. It contains organs including the heart, lungs, and thymus gland, as well as muscles and various other internal structures. Many diseases may affect the chest, and one of the most common symptoms is chest pain.
Thorax | Introduction
The thorax reaches its greatest width at the 6th segment. The frontal part or prothorax consists of 6 segments, with number 5 and 6 fused, and the 6th carrying very large trailing spines. The rear part or opistothorax consists of a variable but extremely large number of segments (up to 97).
Emuellidae | Introduction
The thorax consists of six short but wide segments, the outline of which is a continuation of the cheeks. The axis is narrow, less than ⅓× as wide as each of the ribs (or pleurae) to its sides. The tailshield, termed pygidium, is small, approximately wide triangular, with the axis narrow triangular, reaching the border. The axial rings and ribs become less conspicuous further to the back.
Trinucleidae | Description
Thorax () was a town in ancient Aetolia.
Thorax (Aetolia) | Introduction
The thorax has 17 to 23 segments, gradually diminishing in size. The pleural spines are long and sickle-shaped. The tailshield (or pygidium) is very small and subquadrate in shape.
Nevadella | Description
"Thoracocare" is derived from the Greek θώραξ (thorax) meaning "breastplate" and ἀκαρής (akares) meaning "tiny".
Thoracocare | Etymology
The specific epithet was chosen because of the unusually deep and wide chest cavity, from Latin "altus" "deep" and Greek "thorax"/θώραξ, "breastplate, cuirass, corslet". Latin "thorax" was derived from the Greek and had become a usual scientific designation for the chest of the body. The titles of Riggs' 1901 and 1903 articles emphasized that the specimen was the "largest known dinosaur". Riggs followed his 1903 publication with a more detailed description in a monograph in 1904.
Brachiosaurus | Holotype specimen
Some zoologists consider the thorax to consist of the two regions with appendages, and the abdomen the region without appendages. Others believe the region of fused segments to be part of the abdomen. For clarity, this article uses "thorax" to mean the two body regions with limbs.
Triops longicaudatus | Structure
The thorax is a series of articulated segments that lie between the cephalon and pygidium. The number of segments varies between 2 and 103 with most species in the 2 to 16 range. Each segment consists of the central axial ring and the outer pleurae, which protected the limbs and gills. The pleurae are sometimes abbreviated or extended to form long spines. Apodemes are bulbous projections on the ventral surface of the exoskeleton to which most leg muscles attached, although some leg muscles attached directly to the exoskeleton. Determining a junction between thorax and pygidium can be difficult and many segment counts suffer from this problem.
Trilobite | Thorax
The date and circumstances of this, however, are very doubtful.
Thorax of Lacedaemonia | Introduction
The thorax of "H. suis" is primarily for movement. The three pairs of legs are attached at the thorax. Each leg has large claws for grasping the hair of the host.
Haematopinus suis | Thorax
The thorax is composed of three segments, each of which bears a single pair of legs. As is typical of arthropods adapted to life on land, each leg has only a single walking branch composed of five segments, without the gill branches found in some other arthropods and with gill on the abdominal segments of some immature aquatic insects. In most insects the second and third thoracic segments also support wings. It has been suggested that these may be homologous to the gill branches of crustaceans, or they may have developed from extensions of the segments themselves.
Hexapoda | Morphology
The prothorax rounded on the side, moderately widened in the middle and suddenly narrowed (but not truncated) at a very short distance from the base. Rear angle sharp and projecting, deeply marked (punctured) at base.
Abacetus pumilus | Thorax
In insects, crustaceans, and the extinct trilobites, the thorax is one of the three main divisions of the creature's body, each of which is in turn composed of multiple segments. It is the area where the wings and legs attach in insects, or an area of multiple articulating plates in trilobites. In most insects, the thorax itself is composed of three segments; the prothorax, the mesothorax, and the metathorax. In extant insects, the prothorax never has wings, though legs are always present in adults; wings (when present) are restricted to at least the mesothorax, and typically also the metathorax, though the wings may be reduced or modified on either or both segments.
Thorax | In arthropods
The name refers to the brown arch of scales on the back of the thorax and is derived from Latin archi (meaning arch) and medias (meaning middle).
Sorolopha archimedias | Etymology
The anterior thorax consists of eleven segments, each bearing a pair of appendages, called thoracopods or pereiopods. None of the thoracopods are modified into maxillipeds for feeding. The posterior thorax consists of 16–25 segments, incompletely separated to form "rings". Each ring may consist of as many as six fused segments and bear up to six pairs of appendages (there are 54–66 limbs altogether). Most of the thoracic appendages resemble each other, but the first eleven pairs are best developed. There is a slight tendency to regional specialization and the first pair of legs is unlike the rest. It is an elongated, cheliped-like structure with a sensory function, while all the other appendages aid in feeding, respiration, and locomotion.
Triops longicaudatus | Thorax
The mandibles are elongated, slightly curved near the bases, and narrow. They are separated into distinct base and masticatory areas, with very small uniform teeth populating the whole length of the chewing edge. The thorax forms a slender neck from the prothorax, on which the head is connected, and the remainder of the thorax is narrower in width than the head. The upper surface of the thorax is divided by a distinct constriction between the mesonotum and epinotum. Two small spines rise from the rear edge of the epinotum. The petiole is thin with no teeth on the underside and only a slight thickening into a node on the upper surface.
Electromyrmex | Description
In females, the eleventh pair of legs is modified into brood pouches. The many legs posterior to the eleventh pair move the spent feeding and respiratory currents away.
Triops longicaudatus | Thorax
The thorax has at least 20 segments. The tail shield (or pygidium) is small.
Nepeidae | Introduction
The front segment of the thorax (prothorax) carries a pair of legs, and the synthorax carries the middle and rear legs and both pairs of wings. A dark stripe (humeral stripe) often follows the humeral suture, which runs from the base of the front wing towards the base of the middle leg. A paler antehumeral stripe is often found above the humeral stripe.
External morphology of Odonata | Thorax
The cephalon of "Fallotaspis" is semi-circular in shape, with rounded cheeks that are continuous with long spines that go back to the first half of the thorax. Sutures absent. The thorax has up to 21 segments. The third segment terminating in a long spine that extends back to the fourteenth segment. The tail shield (or pygidium) is very small, about the same length as the two most backward thorax segments combined.
Fallotaspis | Description
The prothorax is the simplest and smallest of the three segments while the mesothorax is the most developed. Between the head and thorax is the membranous neck or "cervix". It comprises a pair of lateral cervical sclerites and is composed of both cephalic and thoracic elements. Between the head and the thorax is a tufted scale called the pronotum. On either side is a shield-like scale called a scapula. In the Noctuoidea, the metathorax is modified with a pair of tympanal organs.
External morphology of Lepidoptera | Thorax
If pygidial spines are lacking, the margin is gradually rounded. The thorax has 12 segments.
Dikelocephalus | Introduction
The oval abdomen is longer than it is wide and has a generally teardrop shape. The thorax hosts two sets of horn-like protrusions, giving it an uneven outline with the larger "horns" placed to the rear.
Pseudogarypus synchrotron | Description
isorhynchus" would be a nomen dubium. A number of species have been referred to this genus, but most are dubious. "Thoracosaurus scanicus" was a fairly large gavialoid, with a length of more than 4.4 m (14.4 ft) and a 55 cm skull.
Thoracosaurus | Introduction
The thorax is barely wider than the head and the forelegs are smaller than the mid and hindlegs. The abdomen is wider than the thorax, and it bears six spiracles on each side. Nymphs have a head that has a broadly rounded anterior margin and lacks a lateral notch anterior to the antennae. Its thorax is slightly wider than its head, with gently convex lateral margins. The most basal segment, or coxae, are subtriangular. Their abdomen has nine rows of two-dorsal central abdominal seta and one fairly long dorsal lateral abdominal seta.
Lemurpediculus verruculosus | Morphology
Another organ in the thorax, traces of which might be present, is the thymus, which might have contributed to a greyish mass of organic origin visible in the neck base; this also contains connective and muscle tissue.
Scipionyx | Liver, heart, spleen and thymus
Joining the head to the thorax is a short neck. The thorax in all insects consists of three segments. These segments are clearly visible along the back of the wētā. Each segment of the thorax bears a pair of legs. The wētā does not have wings attached to its thorax.
Deinacrida elegans | Thorax
Ventrally, a large plate has been interpreted as a hypostome. The head shield overlaps a tapering series of 12–17 trunk tergites, which lead into a set of limb-bearing segments comprising the thorax. The limbs are simple in form, consisting of a smooth oval exopod and a stout, annulated endopod. There is no one-to-one correspondence between the thoracic tergites and the limbs, but, rather, there appear to be two or three limbs per tergite. Behind the thorax is a narrower abdominal region, consisting of 14 tergites, that bears no appendages. The abdomen is terminated by a telson-like spine.
Fuxianhuia | Description
The thorax consists of 11-17 segments, with the 11th from the front bearing a backward directed spine on the midline.
Redlichia | Description
It lacks the long axial spine where prothorax ends. The portion of the thorax where the pleural lobes are reduced (or opisthothorax) consist of at least 23 segments.
Nephrolenellus | Description
The scutellum (Latin for 'little shield', the hard extension of the thorax covering the abdomen in hemipterans) is triangular and does not cover the leathery middle section of the forewing but is often partially covered by the prothorax. The tarsi (the final segments of the legs) have 2 to 3 segments. They are most reliably distinguished from pentatomids by having six exposed abdominal spiracles instead of five.
Tessaratomidae | Description
The generic name, "Talarurus", is derived from the Greek τάλαρος ("tálaros", meaning basket or wicker cage) and οὐρά ("ourā́", meaning rear or tail), in a reference to the club end of the tail which bears resemblance to a wicker basket, and the length of the tail which consists of interlaced bony struts, reminiscent of the weave that is employed when making wicker baskets. The specific name, "plicatospineus", is derived from the Latin plicātus (meaning folded) and spīneus (meaning thorny or spiny), in a reference to the numerous osteoderms that gave form to its armor in life. In fact it consisted of fragmentary remains of six individuals discovered at the site.
Talarurus | History of discovery
The carapace grows from the thorax to cover the cephalothorax, and extends forwards between the eyes into a rostrum. This is only as long as the stalked eyes in Benthesicymidae, Luciferidae and Sergestidae, but considerably longer in Aristeidae. As well as the three pairs of maxillipeds, the thorax also bears five pairs of pereiopods, or walking legs; the first three of these end in small claws. The last two pereiopods are absent in Luciferidae and "Acetes", but much longer than the preceding pereiopods in "Hymenopenaeus" and "Xiphopenaeus". The thoracic appendages carry gills, which are protected beneath the carapace. The gills are typically branched, and so resemble trees, lending the group its scientific name, Dendrobranchiata, from the Greek words (', tree) and (', gills).
Dendrobranchiata | Thorax
The name Thysanura was derived from the Greek θυσάνος, "thysanos" for "fringe", "tassel", "bristle" and οὐρά, "oura" for "tail", a reference to the three fanned out caudal filaments. This etymology is consistent with the English word "bristletail", which is the common name for several hexapod species, not all of which fell within Thysanura.
Thysanura | Etymology
The part of the skeleton that is ‘tucked under’ (the doublure) has no sutures crossing it to form a rostral plate.The thorax has 11 (rarely 10) segments, the side lobes (or pleurae) are furrowed, and the articulating facets distinct.
Phacopina | Description
Neighbouring pleurae are displaced because of the large pleurae of the 3rd segment. The back thorax (or opistothorax) consists of about 10 progressively smaller segments with insignificant pleurae. Tail shield (or pygidium) not known.
Biceratops | Description
"Pteroplax" means "winged plate," in reference to the tabular horns of the isolated skull table that currently represents the only specimen certainly referable to this taxon.
Pteroplax | Etymology
The origin of the name is uncertain, possibly from the word "tor". Links with the Norse god Thor and the Germanic paganism of the early Anglo-Saxons in general have been suggested, but evidence is lacking. Other hypotheses have included lost ancient dialectal terms, and obscure English saints.
Thor's Cave | Etymology
The rear edge of the breastbone was the deepest point of the thorax. Clavicles or interclavicles were completely absent.
Pterosaur | Shoulder girdle
The thorax has up to 22 segments. The pleural ends are usually rounded. The pygidium is small (micropygous), with an even margin. "A. koninckii" had a modern type of compound eye.
Aulacopleura | Introduction
"Typothorax" was one of the earliest vertebrates named from the Triassic of western North America but has been poorly understood since that naming. Paleontologists have found the characteristic armor plates for decades, but only recently has a comprehensive study of "Typothorax" appeared. It has been found in Arizona, in the Chinle Formation, as well as in New Mexico and Texas in the Bull Canyon Formation of the Dockum Group.
Typothorax | History
The thorax of "C. hemipterus" is three segmented, containing the prothorax, mesothorax, and metathorax. The prothorax is about twice as long wide as it is long, and is much larger and prominent than the head (which sits in the middle of it), and both the meso- and meta- thorax. Compared to "C. lectularius, C. hempiterus" is observed to have a slightly narrower prothorax. This species has an eight segmented abdomen that is rounded and has a pointed tip, which contains short tufts of hair that stick out. Color varies for this species based on whether it has recently consumed a blood meal.
Cimex hemipterus | Morphology
This creates two very typical, isolated slits. The exoskeleton of "Mesonacis" is about 2⅓× as long as wide, measured between the genal angles. The outer ⅓ of the back (or posterior margin) of the headshield (or cephalon) angles forwards from the tip of the pleural spine to the genal angle. The central area of the cephalon (or glabella) and the frontal margin touch or the distance is as long as the margin at most (in jargon: the preglabellar field is short or absent). The thorax has approximately 25 segments, the pleura about 1½× as wide as the axis, excluding the genal spines.
Mesonacis | Description
Antennae, head, thorax and abdomen much as in the male.
Prosotas nora | Description
"S. bullata" have black legs, translucent wings, and do not have a costal spine.
Sarcophaga bullata | Thorax
The first thoracic segment (Prothorax), which is the segment closest to the head, is nearly heart-shaped (sub-cordate) and hairless (glabrous). The Prothorax is broad as long, curved like a bow (arcuate) on the side (laterally) from apex to base, but broader in the front (anterior) than in the back part (posterior) where it does not have any curvilinear indentations (not sinuate), but the basal angle is sharp and projects, the outer margin is bent backward (reflexed). On the Prothorax the side groove (lateral sulcus) is narrow and reaches from the front (anterior) angle to the basal pore and is not continued along the basal margin to the basal longitudinal groove (sulcus), the space along the base between the grooves (sulci) and the median longitudinal line is not punctured (impunctate), the front part of the disk which is broadest across the median part is slightly convex and the sides of the rear (posterior) are not depressed or bent backwards (reflexed) on the site (laterally).
Abacetus emeritus | Thorax
The word pneumothorax is from the Greek "pneumo-" meaning air and "thorax" meaning chest. Its plural is pneumothoraces.
Pneumothorax | Etymology
The thorax of both males and females is mostly black with a conspicuously white spot covering the scutellum and a white stripe on either side. The abdomen of females is pointed and has four horizontal bands of fine white setae separating the sections, while the male abdomen is more rounded and has only three horizontal bands of setae. The head is almost entirely covered by the eyes which are red in color, with a protruding pair of . They possess a single set of wings, which are clear with conspicuous dark black bands arranged in an "F" pattern. In many cases, visually distinguishing stages of "R.
Rhagoletis mendax | Morphology
The lower opening of the thorax is formed by the twelfth thoracic vertebra behind, by the eleventh and twelfth ribs at the sides, and in front by the cartilages of the tenth, ninth, eighth, and seventh ribs, which ascend on either side and form an angle, the infrasternal angle or subcostal angle, into the apex of which the xiphoid process projects. Pregnancy causes the angle to increase from 68° to 103°.
Infrasternal angle | Introduction
"Lutzomyia anthophora" is identified by a few morphological characteristics. The most obvious is that the thorax is divided into three sections, the prothorax, the mesothorax, and the metathorax. Also, there are distinctive spines on their hind femoras. The posterior end of their cibarium contains two horizontal teeth and they have episternal setae. They also have one subterminal and one basal setae. The male and female are then differentiated by their own morphological characteristics. Males have parmere's with short strongly clubbed dorsal arms. The females have individual sperm ducts at least as long as the spermetheca. For more information follow the link to the diachotomous key.
Lutzomyia anthophora | Morphology
Fuxianhuiids possess specialized post-antennal appendages with serrated edges used for food processing. In most fuxianhuiids, the thorax tergites narrow posteriorly, terminating in either a swimming paddle or paired flukes with a tailspine. In members of Fuxianhuiidae the thorax is divided into two sections, the anterior wide opisthothorax and the posterior narrow limbless tail-like abdomen. Many specimens are known with exceptional soft tissue preservation, including preserved guts and neural tissue, which given their basal phylogenetic position makes them important in understanding the evolution of arthropoda as a whole.
Fuxianhuiida | Introduction
The head is morphologically distinct from the thorax. It bears two compound eyes on prominent stalks, and two pairs of antennae. The first pair of antennae are small, usually unsegmented, and uniramous. The second pair are long and cylindrical in females, but in males they are enlarged and specialised for holding the female during mating. In some groups, males have an additional frontal appendage.
Anostraca | Head
"Stethacanthus" comes from the Greek στῆθος ("stēthos"), meaning "chest", and ἄκανθος ("akanthos"), meaning "spine" or "thorn". The name refers to the distinctive anvil-shaped first dorsal fin and spine displayed by mature males of the genus.
Stethacanthus | Etymology
Palpi with second joint reaching above vertex of head. Third joint with a tuft of hair on the inner side. Antennae of male with long bristles and cilia. Thorax and abdomen smoothly scaled. Tibia naked. Forewings with veins 8 and 9 anastomosing (fusing) to form a short areole. Hindwings with vein 5 from middle of discocellulars. Cilia of both wings are crenulate (scalloped).
Tadaxa | Description
The cephalothorax, also called prosoma in some groups, is a tagma of various arthropods, comprising the head and the thorax fused together, as distinct from the abdomen behind. (The terms "prosoma" and "opisthosoma" are equivalent to "cephalothorax" and "abdomen" in some groups.) The word "cephalothorax" is derived from the Greek words for head (, ') and thorax (, '). This fusion of the head and thorax is seen in chelicerates and crustaceans; in other groups, such as the Hexapoda (including insects), the head remains free of the thorax. In horseshoe crabs and many crustaceans, a hard shell called the carapace covers the cephalothorax.
Cephalothorax | Introduction
The species name refers to the shapes of the dorsal processes of the juxta and is derived from Greek: "onkos" (meaning hook).
Transtillaspis juxtonca | Etymology
The specific name is derived from the Latin words "costa", meaning "rib" or "ridge", and "penna", meaning "elytron". It refers to the shape of the species' elytra.
Trigonopterus costipennis | Etymology
The thorax and pygidium are not known.
Primoriella | Introduction
The thorax has not been found. The pygidium is convex. Its axis is parallel-sided, and does not reach border furrow. Three pairs of pleural furrows may be discernible. The pygidial border is narrow.
Dicerodiscus | Description
In the Apocritan Hymenoptera, the first abdominal segment is fused to the metathorax, where it forms a structure known as the propodeum. Accordingly, in these insects, the functional thorax is composed of four segments, and is therefore typically called the mesosoma to distinguish it from the "thorax" of other insects. Each thoracic segment in an insect is further subdivided into various parts, the most significant of which are the dorsal portion (the notum), the lateral portion (the pleuron; one on each side), and the ventral portion (the sternum). In some insects, each of these parts is composed of one to several independent exoskeletal plates with membrane between them (called sclerites), though in many cases the sclerites are fused to various degrees.
Thorax | In arthropods
The thorax has fifteen segments, with number 9 (counted from the front) carrying a spine approximately as long as the entire main body.
Eoredlichia | Dorsal exoskeleton
The thorax of most anostracans has 13 segments (19 in "Polyartemiella" and 21 in "Polyartemia"). All but the last two are very similar, with a pair of biramous phyllopods (flattened, leaf-like appendages). The last two segments are fused together, and their appendages are specialised for reproduction. Most anostracans have separate sexes (gonochorism), but a few reproduce by parthenogenesis. The abdomen comprises 6 segments without appendages, and a telson, which bears two flattened caudal rami or "cercopods".
Anostraca | Thorax and abdomen
The specific name is derived from the Latin "pronus" ("bent over forward") and the Greek "spinax" ("spine"), referring to the long and anteriorly curved (spinous processes) of the neck.
Bajadasaurus | Discovery and naming
Pteroplax is an extinct genus of embolomerous anthracosaur. Only one species ("P. cornutus" Hancock & Atthey, 1868) has been described; the skull table noted is the lectotype of this species. "Pteroplax" dates from the late Carboniferous Period, about 315 million years ago. It is known with certainty only from Newsham in Blyth, Northumberland, England. At that site, it shared a coal-swamp lake habitat with the larger embolomere, ""Eogyrinus"" (whose name is a junior synonym of "Pholiderpeton" Huxley, 1869). "Pteroplax" probably grew up to about in length and was largely aquatic, feeding upon fish and smaller tetrapods. It likely had a long, eel-like body, with short limbs and a long tail.
Pteroplax | Introduction
Head, black, small, and triangular, having three tubercles issuing from it, of which the anterior is pointed, the others blunt. Thorax black, which is the general colour of the insect, rounded, smooth, and margined, having an impression in front, with a short tubercle situated on it near the edge; from whence runs a hollow groove or channel to the posterior margin. Scutellum small. Elytra shining, margined and furrowed. Abdomen smooth and shining, without hair. Tibiae furnished with spines, as are the first joints of the middle and posterior tarsi. Length 2 inches.
Phileurus didymus | Description
The contents of the thorax include the heart and lungs (and the thymus gland); the (major and minor pectoral muscles, trapezius muscles, and neck muscle); and internal structures such as the diaphragm, the esophagus, the trachea, and a part of the sternum known as the xiphoid process). Arteries and veins are also contained – (aorta, superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and the pulmonary artery); bones (the shoulder socket containing the upper part of the humerus, the scapula, sternum, thoracic portion of the spine, collarbone, and the rib cage and floating ribs). External structures are the skin and nipples.
Thorax | Contents
The scutellum is distinctly visible but rather small. Like in most other Eurybatinae, there is no groove connecting the mesoscutal transverse sutures across the centerline of the mesothorax. The metathorax has a dorsal sclerite shaped like a saddle.
Badisis | Thorax
mastax". The eyes are large and one-third the length of the head, and the legs are indistinctly preserved but long. The pronotum is almost flat, and the gaster is narrow. The shape of the head was the basis for Archibald, Cover and Moreau choosing the specific epithet "systenus", which is from the Greek word "systenos" meaning "tapering to a point".
Avitomyrmex | "A. systenus"
Thorax with no features: elytra with dents. Mid and rear segment with teeth.
Chaetocnema denticulata | Description
The species name refers to the four spines that are the cornutus on the male aedeagus and is derived from Greek "tetra" (meaning four) and Latin "spina" (meaning spine).
Glaphyria tetraspina | Etymology
The type species, "Ornithopsis hulkei", was named and described by Harry Govier Seeley in 1870. The type consisted of two dorsal vertebrae: NHMUK R.2239, found in the Hastings Group of East Sussex, and NHMUK R.28632 found on the Isle of Wight in the Wessex Formation dating from the Barremian. The genus name is derived from Greek ὄρνις ("ornis"), "bird", en ὄψις ("opsis"), "face" or "likeness", a reference to the fact that Seeley considered the animal to be an intermediate form bridging the gap between pterosaurs, birds and dinosaurs. The specific name honours John Whitaker Hulke. Seeley's creation of the genus was, however, not accepted by Richard Owen, who rejected the evolutionary interpretation of the material.
Ornithopsis | History of discovery
Tektonargus is a trace fossil ichnotaxon genus of insect, from the Late Jurassic period. It was discovered in a section of the Morrison Formation, located in Colorado, western North America. The name Tektonargus comes from the Greek word Tēkton meaning artisan/craftsman and the Greek word Argus meaning "All Eyed." It appears to have been created by a caddisfly.
Tektonargus | Introduction
Its body (or thorax) has 17 segments, with nodes on thorax segments 1 to 14, and a short spine on segment 15 that is at its base about ¼ as wide as the axis. The axis is about ¼ as wide as the thorax. Unlike in the majority of the Olenelloidea, in "Wanneria" thorax segment 3 is not macro-pleural, but equal in size and shape to neighboring segments. Pleural spines slightly arched backwards, extending sideward in the most frontal thorax segments, but gradually more backward and eventually even arching slightly inward in segment 17.
Wanneria | Description
Body is elongate-cylindrical and black overall. The head is narrower than the thorax. The elytra are elongate with almost parallel sides, and heavily striated.
Didimus parastictus | Description
The bones of the thorax, called the "thoracic skeleton" is a component of the axial skeleton. It consists of the ribs and sternum. The ribs of the thorax are numbered in ascending order from 1-12. 11 & 12 are known as floating ribs because they have no anterior attachment point in particular the cartilage attached to the sternum, as 1-7 are, and therefore are termed "floating". Whereas ribs 8-10 are termed false ribs as their costal cartilage articulates with the costal cartilage of the rib above.
Thorax | Bones
Thoracoceras is an extinct genus of orthocerids from the family Kionoceratidae characterized by orthoconic shells marked by prominent longitudinal rounded grooves separated by angular ridges, each which has a single row of blunt spines along its apex, and having a small submarginal siphuncle. "Thoracoceras", named by Fischer De Waldheim in 1844, is found in Carboniferous and Lower Permian sediments in the U.S., Europe, and Russia. It is closely related to "Kionoceras", "Ohioceras", and "Polygrammoceras"
Thoracoceras | Introduction
The head and thorax have a strongly reticulated structuring to the exoskeleton and having an overall black coloration. "Agroecomyrmex" can be separated from "Eulithomyrmex" based on the features of the head, with "Agroecomyrmex" displaying larger mandibles and a smaller antennal club.
Agroecomyrmex | Description
In some species, this region is modified and assumes a different name. The thorax is a tagma composed of three sections, the prothorax, mesothorax and the metathorax. The anterior segment, closest to the head, is the prothorax, with the major features being the first pair of legs and the pronotum. The middle segment is the mesothorax, with the major features being the second pair of legs and the anterior wings. The third and most posterior segment, abutting the abdomen, is the metathorax, which features the third pair of legs and the posterior wings. Each segment is dilineated by an intersegmental suture.
Insect | Segmentation
The specific name of the new species is derived from the Greek, "di" (meaning "two") and "stigma" (meaning "spot"), referring to two spots on the thorax.
Nippoptilia distigmata | Etymology
There is a dark median line on the vertex and dorsum of the thorax.
Rufoclanis fulgurans | Introduction
Like in many early trilobites, the thorax of "Paradoxides" consists of so-called nonfulcrate segments, that allow the animal to roll, providing protection from front, rear, top, and bottom, while leaving access to the soft ventral side of the animal from each of the sides. Complete specimens of "Paradoxides" have been found with the librigenae and fused rostral-hypostomal plate. In moulting, the body was arched above the substrate, with the anterior border at the front and posterior pleural spines dug into sediment. Stretching the body would then result in rupturing the sutures in the cephalon and flipping off the librigenae including the rostral-hypostomal plate.
Paradoxides | Behaviour
Body is elongate-cylindrical and black overall. The head is narrower than the thorax. The elytra are elongate with almost parallel sides, and heavily striated.
Didimus laevis | Description
The thorax has the continuous dorsal suture across the middle, along with well-defined posterior calli. The postscutellum is absent or weakly developed. The costa is unbroken and the subcosta is apparent on the insect.
Calliphoridae | Characteristics
The side lobes of the thorax (or pleurae, singular pleura) have rounded ends. The pygidium is well rounded, semicircular or shorter, with an entire margin, and without lateral and posterior projections. In many Phacopidae, where the facial sutures are apparently continuous and well developed, they were evidently nonfunctional in ecdysis, since no separate free cheeks can be found.
Viaphacops | Description
avulsus"; the specific epithet "" meaning "torn away", in reference to the shape of the median groove on the first thoracic sternite. DNA sequencing of the cytochrome oxidase I gene suggests that the nearest relative of "G. avulsus" is not "G. kitanoviriosus" but "G. rapanus".
Galearctus avulsus | Taxonomic history
Palpebral lobes are short and of variable length. Hypostoma in some species is fused with the rostral plate, e.g. in "Paradoxides davidis" Salter (1863, "op. cit."), a character that distinguishes the genus from all other trilobites, except in some Cambrian Corynexochida such as "Oryctocephalus" and "Fieldaspis". Thorax consists of 19-21 segments; axis about as wide as each of the pleurae, excluding pleural spines which curve backwards and slightly increase in length towards posterior. Spines on rear thoracic segment twice as long, oftem more, than associated pleurae and extending well beyond the pygidium. Pygidium is small with one or two axial rings and may be partially or completely fused to the last thoracic segment.
Paradoxides | Description
"Thoracocare" is a very small to minute trilobite (1.7 – 3.6 mm long in adulthood), with an elliptical body outline. The headshield (or cephalon) and tailshield (or pygidium) are of approximately same size (or isopygous) with 2 thoracic segments between them. The central raised area of the cephalon (or glabella) is broad, subrectangular, tapering slightly to the back in larger specimens and touching the frontal border, and without transverse furrows. Fixed cheeks are subtriangular. Free cheeks are rarely present. Dorsal sutures are proparian. The pygidium is subcircular, about 1⅔× as wide as long. The segmentation of the pygidial axis (or rhachis) and pleura is indiscernible or very weak.
Thoracocare | Description
The thorax and pygidium are very regularly divided into up to 23 rather narrow segments, without a furrow within each of the pleurae. The pleurae are clearly wider than the axis. The pygidium ends in downward pointing toothlike spines.
Pliomera | Introduction
The animal is small, 1 to 1.5 cm in length and 0.5 to 1 cm in width, oval, rather flat, black rounded, valves little or not beaked. The first valve is sculptured with distinct 8 radiating ribs and two indistinct radiating ribs. The girdle is very narrow and has bristles, not spines. The tegmentum is variously blotched and streaked with brown, green and white. The tegmentum is smooth and glossy to the naked eye, very finely granulose. The girdle is whitish, banded with brown, dorsally densely covered with very small, elongate oval, calcareous corpuscules, interspersed with long, slender hairs, bearing a blunt topped, smooth, calcareous needle.
Plaxiphora tricolor | Description
"Acromyrmex" can be distinguished from the closely related leafcutter ant genus "Atta" by having four pairs of spines and a rough exoskeleton on the upper surface of the thorax compared to three pairs of spines and a smooth exoskeleton in "Atta".
Acromyrmex | Anatomy
Thoracosaurus is an extinct genus of eusuchian crocodylomorph which existed during the Late Cretaceous and early Paleocene. The animal is usually regarded as a gavialoid crocodilian, though the phylogenetic study published by Lee & Yates (2018) suggests that it might have been a non-crocodylian eusuchian. The genus contains the species "Thoracosaurus neocesariensis" in North America and what is either "Thoracosaurus isorhynchus" or "T. macrorhynchus"; a recent review argues that "T. macrorhynchus" is a junior synonym of "T. isorhynchus," but it is unclear whether the type of "T. isorhynchus" allows differentiation of European and North American "Thoracosaurus;" if not, then "T.
Thoracosaurus | Introduction
In 1931 and 1932, John Willis Stovall uncovered remains of a large theropod near Kenton in Cimarron County, Oklahoma in layers of the late Kimmeridgian. In 1941, these were named "Saurophagus maximus" by Stovall in an article by journalist Grace Ernestine Ray. The generic name is derived from Greek σαυρος, ', "lizard", φάγειν, ', "to eat", with the compound meaning of "lizard eater". The specific epithet "maximus" means "the largest" in Latin. Because the naming article did not contain a description, the name remained a "nomen nudum". In 1987, Spencer George Lucas erroneously made OMNH 4666, a tibia, the lectotype, unaware that "Saurophagus" was a "nomen nudum".
Saurophaganax | Discovery and naming
Juvenal makes specific mention of the "testarum crepitus" (clicking of castanets). In the earlier Greek form, finger cymbals were used.
Cordax | Introduction