The Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895, awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine. This award is administered by the Nobel Foundation, and awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences on proposal of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry which consists of five members elected by the Academy. The award is presented in Stockholm at an annual ceremony on 10 December, the anniversary of Nobel's death.
Introduction
Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Nobel Prize in Chemistry | Introduction
From Alfred Nobel It is named after Alfred Nobel. Alfred Nobel Alfred Nobel
where is rubidium found on the periodic table
user
It is the 37th element.
assistant
what letters are used to represent it?
user
Rb
assistant
who discovered it?
user
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
assistant
who is the former?
user
German chemist
assistant
which university did he attend?
user
Sorry. I cannot find the answer based on the context.
assistant
what scientific law did the latter introduce?
user
Kirchhoff's circuit laws, laws of spectroscopy and law of thermochemistry.
assistant
can you briefly describe the first one?
user
His  first law is that the algebraic sum of currents in a network of conductors meeting at a point (or node) is zero. The second law is that in a closed circuit, the directed sums of the voltages in a closed system is zero.
assistant
what is the role of any scientist in the same field as the former?
user
They study the composition of matter and its properties, carefully describe the properties they study in terms of quantities, with detail on the level of molecules and their component atoms, etc.
assistant
name some pioneers in this field.
user
Sorry. I cannot find the answer based on the context.
assistant
what are some recognitions given to scientists in this field?
user
Nobel Prize in Chemistry
assistant
when was this prize instituted?
user
1901
assistant
where does it get its name from?
user
Arnold (2018).
Nobel Prize in Chemistry | Introduction
A. The form and spelling of the names in the name column is according to nobelprize.org, the official website of the Nobel Foundation. Alternative spellings and name forms, where they exist, are given at the articles linked from this column. Where available, an image of each Nobel laureate is provided. For the official pictures provided by the Nobel Foundation, see the pages for each Nobel laureate at nobelprize.org. B. The information in the country column is according to nobelprize.org, the official website of the Nobel Foundation. This information may not necessarily reflect the recipient's birthplace or citizenship. C. The citation for each award is quoted (not always in full) from nobelprize.org, the official website of the Nobel Foundation.
List of Nobel laureates in Chemistry | Notes
According to Nobel's will, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences were to award the Prize in Chemistry.
Nobel Prize in Chemistry | Background
Å.G. Ekstrand meant that the idea probably came from the chemist Lars Fredrik Nilson.
Nobelinstitut | Introduction
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895, awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine. This award is administered by the Nobel Foundation, and awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences on proposal of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry which consists of five members elected by the Academy. The award is presented in Stockholm at an annual ceremony on 10 December, the anniversary of Nobel's death.
Nobel Prize in Chemistry | Introduction
Nobel laureates receive a diploma directly from the hands of the King of Sweden. Each diploma is uniquely designed by the prize-awarding institutions for the laureate that receives it. The diploma contains a picture and text which states the name of the laureate and normally a citation of why they received the prize.
Nobel Prize in Chemistry | Nobel Prize diplomas
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry () is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel, who died in 1896. These prizes are awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine. As dictated by Nobel's will, the award is administered by the Nobel Foundation and awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. The first Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded in 1901 to Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, of the Netherlands.
List of Nobel laureates in Chemistry | Introduction
Although the Swedish scientists soon retracted their claims, the priority of the discovery and therefore the naming of the element was disputed between Soviet and American scientists, and it was not until 1997 that International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) credited the Soviet team with the discovery, but retained nobelium, the Swedish proposal, as the name of the element due to its long-standing use in the literature.
Nobelium | Introduction
Under the Nobel Foundation statutes, Hahn had six months to deliver the Nobel Prize lecture, and until 1 October 1946 to cash the 150,000 Swedish krona cheque.
Otto Hahn | The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1944
The Nobel Prize medals, minted by Myntverket in Sweden and the Mint of Norway since 1902, are registered trademarks of the Nobel Foundation. Each medal feature an image of Alfred Nobel in left profile on the obverse (front side of the medal). The Nobel Prize medals for Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, and Literature have identical obverses, showing the image of Alfred Nobel and the years of his birth and death (1833–1896). Nobel's portrait also appears on the obverse of the Nobel Peace Prize medal and the Medal for the Prize in Economics, but with a slightly different design. The image on the reverse of a medal varies according to the institution awarding the prize.
Nobel Prize in Chemistry | Nobel Prize medals
The committee and institution serving as the selection board for the prize typically announce the names of the laureates in October. The prize is then awarded at formal ceremonies held annually on 10 December, the anniversary of Alfred Nobel's death. "The highlight of the Nobel Prize Award Ceremony in Stockholm is when each Nobel Laureate steps forward to receive the prize from the hands of His Majesty the King of Sweden. The Nobel Laureate receives three things: a diploma, a medal and a document confirming the prize amount" ("What the Nobel Laureates Receive"). Later the "Nobel Banquet" is held in Stockholm City Hall.
Nobel Prize in Chemistry | Award ceremony
A. The form and spelling of the names in the name column is according to nobelprize.org, the official website of the Nobel Foundation. Alternative spellings and name forms, where they exist, are given at the articles linked from this column. Where available, an image of each Nobel laureate is provided. For the official pictures provided by the Nobel Foundation, see the pages for each Nobel laureate at nobelprize.org. B. The information in the country column is according to nobelprize.org, the official website of the Nobel Foundation. This information may not necessarily reflect the recipient's birthplace or citizenship. C. The citation for each award is quoted (not always in full) from nobelprize.org, the official website of the Nobel Foundation.
List of Nobel laureates in Physics | Notes
The prize has no connection to the Nobel Prize established by Alfred Nobel, with which it is often confused owing to the similarity of their names.
Alfred Noble Prize | Introduction
The executors of his will were Ragnar Sohlman and Rudolf Lilljequist, who formed the Nobel Foundation to take care of Nobel's fortune and organise the prizes. The members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee that were to award the Peace Prize were appointed shortly after the will was approved. The prize-awarding organisations followed: the Karolinska Institutet on 7 June, the Swedish Academy on 9 June, and the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences on 11 June. The Nobel Foundation then reached an agreement on guidelines for how the Nobel Prize should be awarded. In 1900, the Nobel Foundation's newly created statutes were promulgated by King Oscar II.
Nobel Prize in Chemistry | Background
Between 1905 and 1946, the ceremony took place at the Norwegian Nobel Institute. From 1901 to 1904, the ceremony took place in the "Storting" (Parliament).
Nobel Peace Prize | Awarding the prize
The first Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded in 1901 to Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, of the Netherlands, "for his discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions". From 1901 to 2018, the award has been bestowed on a total of 180 individuals. The 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer A. Doudna for the development of a method for genome editing known as CRISPR Cas-9 – the first time that two women have jointly won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Only five other women have received the prize, including Marie Curie, her daughter Irène Joliot-Curie, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin (1964), Ada Yonath (2009), and Frances H.
Nobel Prize in Chemistry | Introduction
In 1903 he became the first Swede to be awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry. In 1905, upon the founding of the Nobel Institute for Physical Research at Stockholm, he was appointed rector of the institute, the position where he remained until retirement in 1927. In 1911 he won the first Willard Gibbs Award.
Svante Arrhenius | Nobel Prizes
The award's official Swedish name is "Sveriges riksbanks pris i ekonomisk vetenskap till Alfred Nobels minne". The Nobel Foundation's translations of the Swedish name into English have varied since 1969:
Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences | Alternative names
It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895. On some occasions the award has been postponed to the following year, most recently in 2018.
Nobel Prize in Literature | Introduction
The Nobel Laureates in chemistry are selected by a committee that consists of five members elected by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. In its first stage, several thousand people are asked to nominate candidates. These names are scrutinized and discussed by experts until only the laureates remain. This slow and thorough process, is arguably what gives the prize its importance. Forms, which amount to a personal and exclusive invitation, are sent to about three thousand selected individuals to invite them to submit nominations. The names of the nominees are never publicly announced, and neither are they told that they have been considered for the Prize.
Nobel Prize in Chemistry | Nomination and selection
Source: Royal Society of Chemistry
Lord Lewis Prize | Recipients
In 1995, friends and colleagues of Nakanishi established the Nakanishi Prize. It was decided that the Chemical Society of Japan and the American Chemical Society would alternate years awarding the prize. There are two separate endowments for the prize for each society, but the prize is the same for both awards: a medallion in presentation box, $5,000 prize money, and $2,500 travel reimbursements.
Nakanishi Prize | History
A Chemistry Nobel Prize laureate earns a gold medal, a diploma bearing a citation, and a sum of money.
Nobel Prize in Chemistry | Prizes
A maximum of three laureates and two different works may be selected. The award can be given to a maximum of three recipients per year. It consists of a gold medal, a diploma, and a cash grant.
Nobel Prize in Chemistry | Award ceremony
The reverse sides of the Nobel Prize medals for Chemistry and Physics share the same design.
Nobel Prize in Chemistry | Nobel Prize medals
The Nakanishi Prize, named after Japanese chemist Koji Nakanishi, is an award in chemistry given alternately by the Chemical Society of Japan and the American Chemical Society.
Nakanishi Prize | Introduction
Hassel was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1969. He received the Guldberg-Waage Medal ("Guldberg-Waage Medal") from the Norwegian Chemical Society and the Gunnerus Medal from the Royal Norwegian Society of Science and Letters, both in 1964. Hassel held honorary degrees from the University of Copenhagen (1950) and University of Stockholm (1960). An annual lecture named in his honor is given at the University of Oslo.
Odd Hassel | Honors
He received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1921 and the same year he was elected member of the International Atomic Weights Committee. A small crater on the far side of the Moon as well as the radioactive uranium mineral soddyite are named after him.
Frederick Soddy | Honours and awards
Biology was in its infancy in Nobel's day and no award was established. "The Economist" argued there is no Nobel Prize for mathematics either, another major discipline, and added that Nobel's stipulation of no more than three winners is not readily applicable to modern physics, where progress is typically made through huge collaborations rather than by individuals alone.
Nobel Prize in Chemistry | Scope of award
Manne Siegbahn, who received the Physics Prize in 1924, was the father of Kai Siegbahn, who received the Physics Prize in 1981. Hans von Euler-Chelpin, who received the Chemistry Prize in 1929, was the father of Ulf von Euler, who was awarded the Physiology or Medicine Prize in 1970. C. V. Raman was awarded the Physics Prize in 1930 and was the uncle of Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, who was awarded the same prize in 1983. Arthur Kornberg received the Physiology or Medicine Prize in 1959; Kornberg's son, Roger later received the Chemistry Prize in 2006. Jan Tinbergen, who was awarded the first Economics Prize in 1969, was the brother of Nikolaas Tinbergen, who received the 1973 Physiology or Medicine Prize.
Nobel Prize | Family laureates
Each recipient receives a medal, a diploma and a monetary award prize that has varied throughout the years. In 1901, van 't Hoff received 150,782 SEK, which is equal to 7,731,004 SEK in December 2007. The award is presented in Stockholm at an annual ceremony on 10 December, the anniversary of Nobel's death. At least 25 laureates have received the Nobel Prize for contributions in the field of organic chemistry, more than any other field of chemistry. Two Nobel Prize laureates in Chemistry, Germans Richard Kuhn (1938) and Adolf Butenandt (1939), were not allowed by their government to accept the prize.
List of Nobel laureates in Chemistry | Introduction
The Nobel Prize medals, minted by Myntverket in Sweden and the Mint of Norway since 1902, are registered trademarks of the Nobel Foundation. Each medal has an image of Alfred Nobel in left profile on the obverse. The Nobel Prize medals for Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, and Literature have identical obverses, showing the image of Alfred Nobel and the years of his birth and death (1833–1896). Nobel's portrait also appears on the obverse of the Nobel Peace Prize medal and the Medal for the Prize in Economics, but with a slightly different design. The image on the reverse of a medal varies according to the institution awarding the prize.
Nobel Prize in Physics | Medals
Source: American Chemical Society
Nakanishi Prize | Recipients
A. The form and spelling of the names in the name column is according to nobelprize.org, the official website of the Nobel Foundation. Alternative spellings and name forms, where they exist, are given at the articles linked from this column. Where available, an image of each Nobel laureate is provided. For the official pictures provided by the Nobel Foundation, see the pages for each Nobel laureate at nobelprize.org. B. The information in the country column is according to nobelprize.org, the official website of the Nobel Foundation. This information may not necessarily reflect the recipient's birthplace or citizenship. C. The citation for each award is quoted (not always in full) from nobelprize.org, the official website of the Nobel Foundation.
List of Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine | Notes
The highest honor awarded to chemists is the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, awarded since 1901, by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
Chemist | Honors and awards
According to Nobel's will, The Royal Swedish Academy of sciences were to award the Prize in Physics.
Nobel Prize in Physics | Background
There have been eight years for which the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was not awarded (1916, 1917, 1919, 1924, 1933, 1940-42). There were also nine years for which the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was delayed for one year. The Prize was not awarded in 1914, as the Nobel Committee for Chemistry decided that none of that year's nominations met the necessary criteria, but was awarded to Theodore William Richards in 1915 and counted as the 1914 prize. This precedent was followed for the 1918 prize awarded to Fritz Haber in 1919, the 1920 prize awarded to Walther Nernst in 1921, the 1921 prize awarded to Frederick Soddy in 1922, the 1925 prize awarded to Richard Zsigmondy in 1926, the 1927 prize awarded to Heinrich Otto Wieland in 1928, the 1938 prize awarded to Richard Kuhn in 1939, the 1943 prize awarded to George de Hevesy in 1944, and the 1944 prize awarded to Otto Hahn in 1945.
List of Nobel laureates in Chemistry | Introduction
Instituted in 1902, it is named after the physics professor Robert Thalén.
Royal Society of Sciences in Uppsala | Thalen prize
It was for this process they were awarded with 2005 Chemistry Nobel Prize.
Yves Chauvin | Research
The Nobel Prize medals, minted by Myntverket in Sweden and the Mint of Norway since 1902, are registered trademarks of the Nobel Foundation. Each medal features an image of Alfred Nobel in left profile on the obverse (front side of the medal). The Nobel Prize medals for Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, and Literature have identical obverses, showing the image of Alfred Nobel and the years of his birth and death (1833–1896). Nobel's portrait also appears on the obverse of the Nobel Peace Prize medal and the Medal for the Prize in Economics, but with a slightly different design. The image on the reverse of a medal varies according to the institution awarding the prize.
Nobel Prize in Literature | Medals
Gold Medal, International Chemistry Olympiad, Moscow (1996)
Hazhir Rahmandad | Awards and honors
The links in this column are to articles (or sections of articles) on the history and areas of chemistry for which the awards were presented. The links are intended only as a guide and explanation. For a full account of the work done by each Nobel laureate, please see the biography articles linked from the name column.
List of Nobel laureates in Chemistry | Notes
The Longstaff Prize is given to a member of the Royal Society of Chemistry who has done the most to advance the science of chemistry. First awarded in 1881, it was originally conferred by the Chemical Society and known as the Longstaff Medal.
Longstaff Prize | Introduction
The committee and institution serving as the selection board for the prize typically announce the names of the laureates in October. The prize is then awarded at formal ceremonies held annually in Stockholm Concert Hall on 10 December, the anniversary of Nobel's death. The laureates receive a diploma, a medal and a document confirming the prize amount.
Nobel Prize in Physics | Ceremony
It is named after the first Nobel Laureate of the country, C.V. Raman.
Dr. C.V. Raman University, Bihar | Introduction
The reverse sides of the Nobel Prize medals for Chemistry and Physics share the same design. The medal for the Nobel Prize in Literature was designed by Erik Lindberg.
Nobel Prize in Literature | Medals
KNCV Gouden Medaille, Royal Dutch Chemical Society (1995) Noordwijkerhout-Camerino Prize (1997) Heroes of Chemistry, American Chemical Society (2013)
Peter Grootenhuis | Awards
In 2007, the winner was an American student. In 2009, the prize went to Mor Tzaban, a high school student from Netivot, Israel. In 2012, the first prize winner was another Israeli teenager, Yuval Katzenelson of Kiryat Gat, who presented a paper entitled "Kinetic energy of inert gas in a regenerative system of activated carbon." The Israeli delegation won 14 more prizes in the competition: 9 Israelis students won second prize, one won third prize and one won fourth prize.
First Step to Nobel Prize in Physics | Winners
The Tilden Prize is an award that is made by the Royal Society of Chemistry for advances in chemistry. The award was established in 1939 and commemorates Sir William A. Tilden, a prominent British chemist. The prize runs annually with up to three prizes available. Winners receive £5000, a medal and certificate.
Tilden Prize | Introduction
Nobel laureates receive a diploma directly from the hands of the King of Sweden. Each diploma is uniquely designed by the prize-awarding institutions for the laureate who receives it. The diploma contains a picture and text which states the name of the laureate and normally a citation of why they received the prize.
Nobel Prize in Physics | Diplomas
The Faraday Prize, named after British scientist Michael Faraday, can refer to:
Faraday Prize (disambiguation) | Introduction
August 27 – Carl Bosch, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1940)
1874 | Introduction
He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911 and for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1912 and 1913.
Sahachiro Hata | Introduction
The Nobel Prizes (, ) are prizes awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Swedish Academy, the Karolinska Institutet, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee to individuals and organizations who make outstanding contributions in the fields of chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine. They were established by the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel, which dictates that the awards should be administered by the Nobel Foundation. The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences was established in 1968 by the Sveriges Riksbank, the central bank of Sweden, for contributions to the field of economics. Each recipient, or "laureate", receives a gold medal, a diploma, and a sum of money, which is decided annually by the Nobel Foundation.
List of Nobel laureates | Introduction
The Nobel Prize (, ; ; ) is not a single prize, but five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's 1895 will, are awarded "to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind”. Nobel Prizes are awarded in the fields of Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace (Nobel called this prize "fellowship among nations"). Nobel prizes are widely regarded as the most prestigious awards available in their respective fields. Alfred Nobel was a Swedish chemist, engineer, and industrialist most famously known for the invention of dynamite. He died in 1896. In his will, he bequeathed all of his "remaining realisable assets" to be used to establish five prizes which became known as "Nobel Prizes".
Nobel Prize | Introduction
Winners of the Nobel Prize are marked with the year of the award in parentheses.
Ernest Guenther Award | Recipients
Spelling of laureates' names matches their Wikipedia page, if it exists, the remainder used Revised Romanization of Korean with the Korean Romanization Converter of Al Lab and Narainfotech. Job position and institution information are from the Korea Science Journalists Association's website.
Scientist of the Year Award | Laureates
In 1895 Kekulé was ennobled by Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany, giving him the right to add "von Stradonitz" to his name, referring to a possession of his patrilineal ancestors in Stradonice, Bohemia. This title was used by his son, genealogist Stephan Kekulé von Stradonitz. Of the first five Nobel Prizes in Chemistry, Kekulé's students won three: van 't Hoff in 1901, Fischer in 1902 and Baeyer in 1905. A larger-than-life size monument of Kekulé is situated in front of the former Chemical Institute at the University of Bonn. His monument is often decorated by students, e.g. for Valentine's Day.
August Kekulé | Honors
This starts in 1953 with Alfred Kastler in Paris (Nobel prize 1966) followed by Gerhard Herzberg 1989 in Leipzig (Nobel prize 1971), Harold Kroto 2000 in Coimbra (Nobel prize 1996) and Theodor W. Hänsch 2010 in Florence (Nobel prize 2005).
EUCMOS | History
Unusually, none of the winners had held professorships before being awarded the prize.
Brian Josephson | Nobel Prize
The prize is . On two occasions, 2004 and 2008, the prize winner subsequently won the Nobel Prize in Literature in the same year.
Stig Dagerman Prize | Introduction
Source: Royal Society of Chemistry
De Gennes Prize | Winners
Buchner received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1907.
Eduard Buchner | Research
The committee holds their meetings in the institute's building, where the winner is also announced. Since 1990, however, the award ceremony takes place in Oslo City Hall.
Norwegian Nobel Committee | Introduction
For this work, he won a share of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1975, alongside co-recipient Vladimir Prelog, and was knighted in 1977.
John Cornforth | Introduction
Bergström, who would receive a Nobel prize in 1982 for his studies in this field.
Jan Boldingh | Introduction
1972 Alexander–von-Humboldt fellowship 1980 Sandoz Prize for Chemistry 1980 Max Kade Fellowship
Hans Lischka | Honors and Awards
The First Step to Nobel Prize in Physics is an annual international competition in research projects in physics. It originated and is based in Poland.
First Step to Nobel Prize in Physics | Introduction
The secretary takes part in the meeting, but can not cast a vote unless the secretary is also a member of the Committee. Until 1973 the Nobel Committees for Physics and Chemistry had a common secretary.
Nobel Committee for Chemistry | Secretary
Nomination records are sealed for fifty years. In practice, some nominees do become known. It is also common for publicists to make such a claim – founded or not. The nominations are screened by committee, and a list is produced of approximately two hundred preliminary candidates. This list is forwarded to selected experts in the field. They remove all but approximately fifteen names. The committee submits a report with recommendations to the appropriate institution.
Nobel Prize in Chemistry | Nomination and selection
Since 1970, the prize has been awarded by the Senate of Berlin. The first laureate was August von Wassermann. Among the Aronson laureates are several scientists who later were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, such as Karl Landsteiner and Gerhard Domagk.
Aronson Prize | Introduction
Hahn therefore became the sole recipient of the 1944 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. The invitation to attend the Nobel festivities was transmitted via the British Embassy in Stockholm. On 4 December, Hahn was persuaded by two of his Alsos captors, American Lieutenant Colonel Horace K. Calvert and British Lieutenant Commander Eric Welsh, to write a letter to the Nobel committee accepting the prize but stating that he would not be able to attend the award ceremony on 10 December since his captors would not allow him to leave Farm Hall. When Hahn protested, Welsh reminded him that Germany had lost the war.
Otto Hahn | The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1944
According to Nobel's will, the prize in literature should be determined by "the Academy in Stockholm", which was specified by the statutes of the Nobel Foundation to mean the Swedish Academy.
Nobel Prize in Literature | Background
Source: Dreyfus Foundation
Dreyfus Prize in the Chemical Sciences | Recipients
The award was established by the Royal Society of Chemistry in 1979 following Wilfred Hickinbottom's bequest. Hickinbottom was noted for supporting high standards in experimental chemistry. Part of the monetary award is the Briggs scholarship, which was funded following a bequest from Lady Alice Lilian Thorpe, William Briggs' daughter.
Hickinbottom Award | Award history
The Nyholm Prize for Inorganic Chemistry and the Nyholm Prize for Education, founded by the Chemical Society in 1973, are now awarded biennially by the Royal Society of Chemistry. The mineral Nyholmite is named after Nyholm. It was discovered in Broken Hill in 2009 and its structure was elucidated by Elliot et al.
Ronald Sydney Nyholm | Honours and awards
Fritz Pregl Prize has been awarded annually since 1931 to an Austrian scientist for distinguished achievements in chemistry by the Austrian Academy of Sciences ("Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften") from the funds left at its disposal by the Nobel prize-winning chemist Fritz Pregl. Not currently awarded.
Fritz Pregl Prize | Introduction
Nerst-Haber-Bodenstein-Preis the German Bunsengesellschaft (1974) Humboldt Prize (1987) Guest at the Max-Planck-Institut for Polymer Studies in Mainz (1987) Kent State President's Medal (1992) Invitation to the Wissensshaftkolleg in Berlin (1998) Honored member of the International Liquid Crystal Society (1998) Freedericksz Medal the Russian Liquid Crystal Society (1999)
Alfred Saupe | Prizes
Two Nobel Prizes in Chemistry have been awarded for research done in the building. The first was to William Giauque in 1949 for his studies in the properties of matter at temperatures close to absolute zero. Seaborg received the second one in 1951 for discoveries in the transuranium elements. Four other individuals who did research here received Nobel Prizes for later work as well.
Gilman Hall | Nobel Prizes
The Nobel family originated from the village of Östra Nöbbelöv in Scania, hence the name. The first member was Petrus Olai Nobelius (1655–1707) who married Wendela Rudbeck (1668–1710), daughter of the famous Swedish scientist Olaus Rudbeck the Elder, also known as Olof Rudbeck.
Nobel family | Origins
Once the Nobel Foundation and its guidelines were in place, the Nobel Committees began collecting nominations for the inaugural prizes. Subsequently, they sent a list of preliminary candidates to the prize-awarding institutions. The Nobel Committee's Physics Prize shortlist cited Wilhelm Röntgen's discovery of X-rays and Philipp Lenard's work on cathode rays. The Academy of Sciences selected Röntgen for the prize. In the last decades of the 19th century, many chemists had made significant contributions. Thus, with the Chemistry Prize, the Academy "was chiefly faced with merely deciding the order in which these scientists should be awarded the prize". The Academy received 20 nominations, eleven of them for Jacobus van 't Hoff.
Nobel Prize | First prizes
He won the Royal Society of Chemistry's Tilden Prize in 1943, and was elected to the Royal Society in 1947.
Frederick George Mann | Honours and awards
Albert A. Michelson, who won the Nobel Prize for Physics.
Nevile Gardiner | Introduction
Of his numerous distinctions, Van 't Hoff regarded winning the first Nobel Prize in Chemistry as the culmination of his career. The following are named after him:
Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff | Honours and awards
At the awards ceremony, the laureate is given a document indicating the award sum. The amount of the cash award may differ from year to year, based on the funding available from the Nobel Foundation. For example, in 2009 the total cash awarded was 10 million SEK (US$1.4 million), but in 2012, the amount was 8 million Swedish Krona, or US$1.1 million. If there are two laureates in a particular category, the award grant is divided equally between the recipients, but if there are three, the awarding committee may opt to divide the grant equally, or award half to one recipient and a quarter to each of the two others.
Nobel Prize in Chemistry | Award money
The prize was initially called "Award for Extraordinary Scientific Achievement". In 1958 it was renamed "The Carl-Gustaf Rossby Award for Extraordinary Scientific Achievement", and after 1963, its current name.
Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal | Previous names
The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, officially the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel (), is an economics prize administered by the Nobel Foundation and generally regarded as the Nobel award for Economics. The prize was established in 1968 by a donation from Sweden's central bank Sveriges Riksbank to the Nobel Foundation to commemorate the bank's 300th anniversary. As it is not one of the prizes that Alfred Nobel established in his will in 1895, it is not a Nobel Prize. However, it is administered and referred to along with the Nobel Prizes by the Nobel Foundation.
Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences | Introduction
Malala Yousafzai; at the age of 17, received Nobel Peace Prize (2014). John B. Goodenough; at the age of 97, received Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2019). Linus Pauling; received the prize twice. Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1954) and Nobel Peace Prize (1962)
Nobel Prize | Facts
Nobel laureates receive a Diploma directly from the King of Sweden. Each Diploma is uniquely designed by the prize-awarding institutions for the laureate who receives it. The Diploma contains a picture and text that states the name of the laureate and normally a citation of why they received the prize.
Nobel Prize in Literature | Diplomas
For example, US President Theodore Roosevelt received the Peace Prize in 1906 but gave his lecture in 1910, after his term in office. The lectures are organized by the same association which selected the laureates.
Nobel Prize | Nobel lecture
1961: Eugène Schuëller Prize (ENSCP) 1971: prize of the Organic Chemistry Division of the French Chemical Society 1986: La Caze Prize of the French Academy of sciences and Berthelot Medal of the French Academy of sciences
Andrée Marquet | Honours and awards
The annual Nobel Conference was established in the mid-1960s when college officials asked the Nobel Foundation for permission to name the new science building the Alfred Nobel Hall of Science as a memorial to the Swedish inventor Alfred Nobel. Permission was granted, and the facility's dedication ceremony in 1963 included officials from the Nobel Foundation and 26 Nobel Laureates. Following the 1963 Nobel Prize ceremonies in Stockholm, college representatives met with Nobel Foundation officials, asking them to endorse an annual science conference at the college and to allow use of the Nobel name to establish credibility and high standards. At the urging of several prominent Nobel laureates, the foundation granted the request, and the first conference was held at the college in January 1965.
Gustavus Adolphus College | Founding of the Nobel Conference
The Nobel Prizes are awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Karolinska Institute, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee to individuals who make outstanding contributions in the fields of chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine. They were established by the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel, which dictates that the awards should be administered by the Nobel Foundation. Another prize, the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, was established in 1968 by the Sveriges Riksbank, the central bank of Sweden, for contributors to the field of economics. Each prize is awarded by a separate committee; the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awards the Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, and Economics, the Karolinska Institute awards the Prize in Physiology or Medicine, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee awards the Prize in Peace.
List of Nobel laureates affiliated with the City University of New York | Introduction
A. The information in the country column is according to nobelprize.org, the official website of the Nobel Foundation. This information may not necessarily reflect the recipient's birthplace or citizenship.
List of Nobel laureates in Literature | Notes
After the success of the initial meeting, the scientific scope was broadened to include the other two natural science Nobel Prize disciplines chemistry and physics. Thus, a mode of annually alternating disciplines for the meetings was established.
Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings | Initial idea and establishment (1951)
His brother Hermann Staudinger, who received the 1953 Nobel Prize for Chemistry, followed a similar path at the request of his father.
Hans Staudinger | Youth
As of February 1, 2018, the Chemical Heritage Foundation was renamed the Science History Institute.
Winthrop-Sears Medal | Introduction
Each recipient receives a medal, a diploma and a cash prize that has varied throughout the years. In 1901, the winners of the first Nobel Prizes were given 150,782 SEK, which is equal to 7,731,004 SEK in December 2007. In 2008, the winners were awarded a prize amount of 10,000,000 SEK. The awards are presented in Stockholm in an annual ceremony on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death.
List of Nobel laureates affiliated with the University of California, Santa Barbara | Introduction
In 1981, Hoffmann received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, which he shared with Kenichi Fukui "for their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions".
Roald Hoffmann | Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Ronald George Wreyford Norrish FRS (9 November 1897 – 7 June 1978) was a British chemist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1967.
Ronald George Wreyford Norrish | Introduction