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biomedicine_19
The TNTs were composed of both F-actin and microtubules, and electron microscopy was used to demonstrate mitochondrial exchange [CITATION].
[ { "citation": "Wang X, Yu X, Xie C, Tan Z, Tian Q, Zhu D, Liu M, Guan Y. Rescue of brain function using tunneling nanotubes between neural stem cells and brain microvascular endothelial cells. Mol Neurobiol. 2016;53:2480–8.", "title": "Rescue of Brain Function Using Tunneling Nanotubes Between Neural Stem Cells and Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells", "url": "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Rescue-of-Brain-Function-Using-Tunneling-Nanotubes-Wang-Yu/8887b121475ca0449bea3fc75c6d7a250fed4f62" } ]
biomedicine_5
The number of protein clusters in the PIGC90 was six-fold compared with PGC, which contained 3,460,040 complete genes from a total of 7,685,872 nonredundant genes from 287 pigs, and 2,847,252 complete protein clusters at 90% protein identity (defined as PGC90) [CITATION].
[ { "citation": "Xiao, L. et al. A reference gene catalogue of the pig gut microbiome. Nat. Microbiol. 1, 16161 (2016).", "title": "A reference gene catalogue of the pig gut microbiome", "url": "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/A-reference-gene-catalogue-of-the-pig-gut-Xiao-Estell%C3%A9/232db55ff77c0a9fb991a6660a75ea03bbe3c2b9" } ]
biomedicine_14
Note that expression of these virally-associated pro-survival proteins can suppress apoptosis during malignant transformation, facilitating the development of a wide range of cancer types [CITATION].
[ { "citation": "Ko YH Editorial: EBV and human cancer. Exp. Mol. Med 47, e130–3 (2015). [PubMed: 25613727]", "title": "Editorial: EBV and human cancer", "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/emm2014109" } ]
biomedicine_4
A reference gene catalog of the pig gut microbiome has also been constructed using 287 fecal samples, containing 7.7 million nonredundant genes (named PGC in this study) [CITATION].
[ { "citation": "Xiao, L. et al. A reference gene catalogue of the pig gut microbiome. Nat. Microbiol. 1, 16161 (2016).", "title": "A reference gene catalogue of the pig gut microbiome", "url": "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/A-reference-gene-catalogue-of-the-pig-gut-Xiao-Estell%C3%A9/232db55ff77c0a9fb991a6660a75ea03bbe3c2b9" } ]
biomedicine_9
Assembly of microbial genomes from metagenomic sequence reads was pioneered in 2004 by Tyson et al. [CITATION].
[ { "citation": "Tyson, G.W. et al. Community structure and metabolism through reconstruction of microbial genomes from the environment. Nature 428, 37–43 (2004).", "title": "Community structure and metabolism through reconstruction of microbial genomes from the environment", "url": "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Community-structure-and-metabolism-through-of-from-Tyson-Chapman/7fb5f1d5710ec5060beb8cff53c3baa8196eb4c6" } ]
biomedicine_13
In addition, a product of the m41.1 open reading frame of CMV encodes a mitochondria-localized inhibitor of BAK oligomerization (vIBO)), which in combination with vMIA completely inhibits the intrinsic apoptosis pathway [CITATION].
[ { "citation": "Pauleau A-L et al. Structure–function analysis of the interaction between Bax and the cytomegalovirus-encoded protein vMIA. Oncogene 26, 7067–7080 (2007). [PubMed: 17496930]", "title": "Structure–function analysis of the interaction between Bax and the cytomegalovirus-encoded protein vMIA", "url": "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Structure%E2%80%93function-analysis-of-the-interaction-Bax-Pauleau-Pauleau/b5fd1268e52d0c8238234eeb36a9d34b2589ee2a" } ]
biomedicine_15
These are generally fine, long, non-adherent and are composed of F-actin-based extensions and function to promote intercellular cargo transfer between proximal and distant cells [CITATION].
[ { "citation": "Lou E, Fujisawa S, Morozov A, Barlas A, Romin Y, Dogan Y, Gholami S, Moreira AL, Manova-Todorova K, Moore MA. Tunneling nanotubes provide a unique conduit for intercellular transfer of cellular contents in human malignant pleural mesothelioma. PLoS One. 2012;7:e33093.", "title": "Tunneling Nanotubes Provide a Unique Conduit for Intercellular Transfer of Cellular Contents in Human Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma", "url": "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Tunneling-Nanotubes-Provide-a-Unique-Conduit-for-of-Lou-Fujisawa/78a7145bbec631787af496c3fd0181cd679dd274" } ]
biomedicine_18
There are several diseases associated with oxidative stress such as diabetes, Parkinson’s and cancer. In stress condition TNTs can transfer mitochondria which serves as the rescue mechanism [CITATION].
[ { "citation": "Rustom A. The missing link: does tunnelling nanotube-based supercellularity provide a new understanding of chronic and lifestyle diseases? Open Biol. 2016;6:160057.", "title": "The missing link: does tunnelling nanotube-based supercellularity provide a new understanding of chronic and lifestyle diseases?", "url": "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-missing-link%3A-does-tunnelling-nanotube-based-a-Rustom/65ace90dbbe695b7b2b1d0e0a90e5f21d499d132" } ]
biomedicine_6
This result suggests a significant difference in the relative abundances of the same bacterial species in different gut locations. For example, consistent with our previous report [CITATION].
[ { "citation": "Yang, H. et al. Uncovering the composition of microbial community structure and metagenomics among three gut locations in pigs with distinct fatness. Sci. Rep. 6, 27427 (2016).", "title": "Uncovering the composition of microbial community structure and metagenomics among three gut locations in pigs with distinct fatness", "url": "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Uncovering-the-composition-of-microbial-community-Yang-Huang/7087b91f94358ba0dc5e144c7e82bd0a44bc4a79" } ]
biomedicine_12
Cytomeglovirus (CMV), for example, produces multiple proteins that suppress apoptosis, including viral mitochondrialocalized inhibitor of apoptosis (vMIA; also known as pUL37×1), which is structurally similar to BCL-XL despite its considerable sequence differences [CITATION].
[ { "citation": "Pauleau A-L et al. Structure–function analysis of the interaction between Bax and the cytomegalovirus-encoded protein vMIA. Oncogene 26, 7067–7080 (2007). [PubMed: 17496930]", "title": "Structure–function analysis of the interaction between Bax and the cytomegalovirus-encoded protein vMIA", "url": "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Structure%E2%80%93function-analysis-of-the-interaction-Bax-Pauleau-Pauleau/b5fd1268e52d0c8238234eeb36a9d34b2589ee2a" } ]
biomedicine_17
In this study, TNTs formed by migrating cancer cells were observed in time-lapse confocal imaging and were found to extend nanotubes during migration to fill the gaps created during a scratch wound assay which indicates a role of nanochannels in cancer invasion [CITATION].
[ { "citation": "Lou E, Fujisawa S, Morozov A, Barlas A, Romin Y, Dogan Y, Gholami S, Moreira AL, Manova-Todorova K, Moore MA. Tunneling nanotubes provide a unique conduit for intercellular transfer of cellular contents in human malignant pleural mesothelioma. PLoS One. 2012;7:e33093.", "title": "Tunneling Nanotubes Provide a Unique Conduit for Intercellular Transfer of Cellular Contents in Human Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma", "url": "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Tunneling-Nanotubes-Provide-a-Unique-Conduit-for-of-Lou-Fujisawa/78a7145bbec631787af496c3fd0181cd679dd274" } ]
biomedicine_10
Apoptosis is the most studied form of cell death and also the primary mode of cell death involved in development and homeostasis [CITATION].
[ { "citation": "Galluzzi L et al. Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2018. Cell Death Differ. (2018). doi:10.1038/s41418-017-0012-4.This is a comprehensive overview and comparison of cell death modalities.", "title": "Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2018", "url": "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Molecular-mechanisms-of-cell-death%3A-recommendations-Galluzzi-Vitale/27bba2d44f3e4e552db332b348a2d09a5e96f974" }, { "citation": "Fuchs Y & Steller H Programmed cell death in animal development and disease. Cell 147, 742–58 (2011). [PubMed: 22078876]", "title": "Programmed Cell Death in Animal Development and Disease", "url": "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Programmed-Cell-Death-in-Animal-Development-and-Fuchs-Steller/b5884042214ec7d78faaf404888fa09ec9fe4727" } ]
biomedicine_1
In addition to being an important barrier to increasing life expectancy, cancer is associated with substantial societal and macroeconomic costs that vary in degree across cancer types, geography, and gender [CITATION].
[ { "citation": "Chen S, Cao Z, Prettner K, et al. Estimates and projections of the global economic cost of 29 cancers in 204 countries and territories from 2020 to 2050. JAMA Oncol. 2023;9(4):465‐472. doi:10.1001/ jamaoncol.2022.7826", "title": "Estimates and Projections of the Global Economic Cost of 29 Cancers in 204 Countries and Territories From 2020 to 2050", "url": "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Estimates-and-Projections-of-the-Global-Economic-of-Chen-Cao/92359c698a05444a31e2cfecfef5e662b4b497d4" } ]
biomedicine_11
A similar mechanism is employed by Legionella pneumophila, which secretes a protein (phosphoinositide phosphatase SidF) into infected host cells that blocks the activity of several pro-apoptotic proteins to prevent the mitochondrial apoptosis that typically serves to limit pathogen expansion [CITATION].
[ { "citation": "Banga S et al. Legionella pneumophila inhibits macrophage apoptosis by targeting pro-death members of the Bcl2 protein family. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci 104, 5121–5126 (2007). [PubMed: 17360363]", "title": "Legionella pneumophila inhibits macrophage apoptosis by targeting pro-death members of the Bcl2 protein family", "url": "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Legionella-pneumophila-inhibits-macrophage-by-of-Banga-Gao/5484c25d7f9ca89acdec6ac4de69286110ea3328" } ]
biomedicine_2
Reference genes as well as high-quality microbial genomes are essential resources for understanding the functional role of specific microbes and quantifying their abundance in the gut microbiome [CITATION].
[ { "citation": "Kyrpides, N. C. et al. Genomic encyclopedia of bacteria and archaea: sequencing a myriad of type strains. PLoS Biol. 12, e1001920 (2014).", "title": "Metagenomic species profiling using universal phylogenetic marker genes", "url": "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Metagenomic-species-profiling-using-universal-genes-Sunagawa-Mende/072965fe4db20d2a1ba9412722a038388a41b588" } ]
biomedicine_16
A study in 2012 on the role of nanochannels using immunofluorescence imaging and confocal microscopy in pleural mesothelioma cells provided evidence that suggested direct bidirectional transfer of not only chemical messengers, but also proteins and organelles such as mitochondria and Golgi vesicles [CITATION].
[ { "citation": "Lou E, Fujisawa S, Morozov A, Barlas A, Romin Y, Dogan Y, Gholami S, Moreira AL, Manova-Todorova K, Moore MA. Tunneling nanotubes provide a unique conduit for intercellular transfer of cellular contents in human malignant pleural mesothelioma. PLoS One. 2012;7:e33093.", "title": "Tunneling Nanotubes Provide a Unique Conduit for Intercellular Transfer of Cellular Contents in Human Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma", "url": "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Tunneling-Nanotubes-Provide-a-Unique-Conduit-for-of-Lou-Fujisawa/78a7145bbec631787af496c3fd0181cd679dd274" } ]
biomedicine_7
Most of the highquality MAGs had a contig number <250 and ≥18 of the standard tRNAs (Supplementary Fig. 8b, c). Of the 1358 high-quality MAGs, 36 had the 5S, 16S, and 23S rRNA genes together with at least 18 tRNAs, and conformed to the MIMAG standards for the ‘high quality’ MAG set by the Genomic Standards Consortium [CITATION].
[ { "citation": "Bowers, R. M. et al. Minimum information about a single amplified genome (MISAG) and a metagenome-assembled genome (MIMAG) of bacteria and archaea. Nat. Biotechnol. 35, 725–731 (2017).", "title": "Minimum information about a single amplified genome (MISAG) and a metagenome-assembled genome (MIMAG) of bacteria and archaea", "url": "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Minimum-information-about-a-single-amplified-genome-Bowers-Kyrpides/de6b66013fcebf03d997d28b384497a1d3733670" } ]
biomedicine_8
There are 2,866 single-cell genomes and 4,622 genomes reconstructed from metagenomes, which are already registered in the Genomes OnLine Database (GOLD) [CITATION].
[ { "citation": "Reddy, T.B.K. et al. The Genomes OnLine Database (GOLD) v.5: a metadata management system based on a four level (meta)genome project classification. Nucleic Acids Res. 43, D1099–D1106 (2015).", "title": "The Genomes OnLine Database (GOLD) v.5: a metadata management system based on a four level (meta)genome project classification", "url": "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-Genomes-OnLine-Database-(GOLD)-v.5%3A-a-metadata-Reddy-Thomas/298decd07895b3d3775157949bdbdad926c8a192" } ]
biomedicine_0
Cancer is a major societal, public health, and economic problem in the 21st century, responsible for almost one in six deaths (16.8%) and one in four deaths (22.8%) from noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) worldwide. The disease causes three in 10 global premature deaths from NCDs (30.3% in those aged 30–69 years), and it is among the three leading causes of death in this age group in 177 of 183 countries [CITATION].
[ { "citation": "Bray F, Laversanne M, Weiderpass E, Soerjomataram I. The ever‐ increasing importance of cancer as a leading cause of premature death worldwide. Cancer. 2021;127(16):3029‐3030. doi:10.1002/ cncr.33587", "title": "The ever‐increasing importance of cancer as a leading cause of premature death worldwide", "url": "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-ever%E2%80%90increasing-importance-of-cancer-as-a-cause-Bray-Laversanne/6dd9af4b95992551c77eeaf179581865aa61cfe1" } ]
biomedicine_3
Rarefaction analysis suggested that the number of PIGC90 clusters approached a saturation point when the sample number reached 100, which is in line with previous estimates [CITATION].
[ { "citation": "Xiao, L. et al. A reference gene catalogue of the pig gut microbiome. Nat. Microbiol. 1, 16161 (2016).", "title": "A reference gene catalogue of the pig gut microbiome", "url": "https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/A-reference-gene-catalogue-of-the-pig-gut-Xiao-Estell%C3%A9/232db55ff77c0a9fb991a6660a75ea03bbe3c2b9" } ]
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