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factscore-000300
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Brianna Keilar.
|
[
{
"title": "Brianna Keilar",
"text": "<s>Brianna Keilar Brianna Marie Keilar (born September 21, 1980) is an Australian-born American journalist who formerly was the co-anchor of \"New Day\" with John Berman on CNN. She previously worked as a White House correspondent, senior political correspondent, Congressional correspondent and general assignment correspondent for CNN in Washington. Prior to that, Keilar worked at CNN Newsource as a national correspondent, also in Washington. Before joining \"New Day\", she was the host of \"CNN Right Now with Brianna Keilar\".</s><s>Early life and education. Keilar was born in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia. Her father Glenn is Australian, and her mother Miriam was American. The Keilars were stationed in Australia at the time of Brianna's birth. In 1982, Keilar and her family moved to the United States and settled in Orange County, California. Keilar graduated from Mission Viejo High School in 1998, where she was voted homecoming queen in her senior year. Keilar then attended the University of California, Berkeley, from which she graduated in 2001 with dual bachelor's degrees in mass communications and psychology.</s><s>Career. Keilar began her on-air career in Yakima, Washington, at the CBS affiliate"
},
{
"title": "Brianna Keilar",
"text": " KIMA. She also co-hosted the morning drivetime show \"Billy, Blue and Brianna, too: The Morning Zoo\" on contemporary hits station, KFFM. She then moved to CBS News, where she served as an anchor, reporter and producer for a CBS newscast that aired on MTVU, MTV's college network. She was also a fill-in anchor on the CBS News overnight newscast, \"Up to the Minute\", and a freelance reporter for the weekend edition of \"CBS Evening News\". From CBS, Keilar joined CNN as a correspondent for CNN Newsource, providing breaking news coverage and reports from the nation’s capital for approximately 800 CNN Newsource partner stations. As a general assignment correspondent for the network, she covered a wide range of stories, including the 2007 Virginia Tech massacre, where she was the first CNN correspondent at the scene. While covering Congress, Keilar earned the 2009 National Press Foundation Everett McKinley Dirksen Award for Distinguished Reporting of Congress for her fall 2008 coverage of the $700 billion bank bailout. While covering the Obama White House, Keilar earned the White House Correspondents' Association's 2014 Aldo Beckman Memorial Award for her coverage of the rollout of Obamacare. Keilar,"
},
{
"title": "Brianna Keilar",
"text": " a military spouse, began writing a column called \"Home Front\" in 2019, which tells stories of military families and tries to bridge the civilian-military divide. On September 15, 2022, it was announced that Keilar would leave her role on \"New Day with John Berman\" as the show is replaced by \"CNN This Morning\". She continued to co-anchor the show until the new CNN revamped morning show debuted on November 1. She was assigned a new anchor role at the network anchoring a program which is currently untitled with Boris Sanchez and Jim Scuitto. The program will begin later this spring.</s><s>Personal life. Keilar married Dave French on May 2, 2009. They later divorced. In July 2016, Keilar announced that she was engaged to Fernando Lujan, an active duty Green Beret who was then a director on the National Security Council at the White House. During CNN's \"New Year's Eve Live\" on December 31, 2016, Brooke Baldwin announced that Keilar and Lujan had married the previous evening in Las Vegas. She gave birth to a boy on June 8, 2018.</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Brianna Keilar",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "North America"
}
|
factscore-000301
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Kerwin Bell.
|
[
{
"title": "Kerwin Bell",
"text": "<s>Kerwin Bell Kerwin Douglas Bell (born June 15, 1965) is an American football coach and former player who has been the head coach of the Western Carolina Catamounts football team since 2021. Bell was born in the rural North Central Florida town of Live Oak and was a star high school football quarterback at Lafayette County High School. Though he led the Lafayette Hornets to their only state championship, he did not attract the attention of top college football programs while playing at the small high school. He enrolled at the University of Florida, made the football team as a walk-on, and was redshirted during his freshman season of 1983. Injuries to more experienced players just before the 1984 season pushed Bell into a starting role for the Gators' season opening game against the defending national champion Miami Hurricanes in what was one of the first prime time college football broadcasts on ESPN. He played well in his first collegiate appearance, throwing a go-ahead touchdown pass with under a minute remaining. Though Miami responded and scored the winning touchdown with seven seconds left, Bell's performance under difficult circumstances cemented his position as the team's starting quarterback. Even as head coach Charley Pell was fired mid-season due to NCAA rules violations, Bell and interim coach Galen Hall led the Gators"
},
{
"title": "Kerwin Bell",
"text": " to a conference-best 9–1–1 record, and he was named the Southeastern Conference (SEC) player of the year. Bell played at Florida for four seasons and was named to several more All-SEC and All-American lists before graduating in 1987. After college, Bell played professionally in the National Football League (NFL), World League of American Football (WLAF) and the Canadian Football League (CFL) for fourteen seasons in the 1980s, 1990s and early 2000s. Though he started dozens of games in the WLAF and the CFL, he never started an NFL contest and threw only five regular season passes in his NFL career. However, he completed all five of those passes for 75 yards and a touchdown, leaving him with the highest career passer rating in league history, albeit in a very small sample size. After retiring as a player, Bell returned to Florida and became a high school football coach, leading Trinity High School in Ocala to their first state football championship in 2005. He became the head coach at NCAA Division 1 (FCS) Jacksonville University in 2007 and led the Dolphins to their first three conference championships during his nine seasons at the school. Bell moved to Valdosta State University in 2016, and in 2018, he"
},
{
"title": "Kerwin Bell",
"text": " led the Blazers to their first undefeated season and the NCAA D-II national championship on the strength of the highest scoring offense in college football. Bell accepted the position of offensive coordinator for the South Florida Bulls under head coach Charlie Strong in 2019 but was dismissed along with the entire staff when Strong was fired after the season. Bell became the head football coach at Western Carolina in 2021. The Catamounts had not won more than three games for several seasons until Bell led them to their first winning record in six years in 2022.</s><s>Early life. Bell was born in Live Oak, Florida in North Central Florida to Doyle and Zelda Bell and grew up in nearby Mayo, Florida, population 800. His parents were tobacco farmers, and Kerwin helped with various farming tasks throughout his youth. Bell attended Lafayette County High School, where he was the president of the student council and a multi-sport athlete, playing shortstop on the baseball team, leading the basketball team in scoring as a starting guard, and starting at quarterback on the football team. In 1981, he led the Lafayette Hornets to their only state football championship, earning the nickname \"The Throwin' Mayoan.\"</s><s>College career. Despite his prep success, Bell was lightly recruited during his senior year with no athletic scholarship offers"
},
{
"title": "Kerwin Bell",
"text": " from major football programs, as his rural high school had competed in the lowest division of Florida high school football and coaches were unsure if he could succeed against top collegiate talent. Instead of attending a smaller college, Bell decided to walk-on at the University of Florida in nearby Gainesville and join the Florida Gators football team without an athletic scholarship. He was eighth on the Gators' quarterback depth chart during his freshman season of 1983 under head coach Galen Hall and was redshirted without playing in a game. Bell was the Gators' backup quarterback coming into the 1984 season due to his consistent performance on the practice field and the fact that several quarterbacks ahead of him on the depth chart had graduated, transferred, or were injured. When senior starter Dale Dorminey suffered a serious knee injury four days before the Gators' first game, Bell was suddenly thrust into the starting role. The Gators opened the 1984 season against the defending national champion Miami Hurricanes in Tampa Stadium in one of the first college football games to be nationally televised by ESPN. In his first collegiate start, Bell threw a touchdown pass with under a minute remaining to give the Gators the lead, only to have Miami quarterback Bernie Kosar lead the Hurricanes to a winning score with seven seconds remaining. The Gators would not lose another game"
},
{
"title": "Kerwin Bell",
"text": " during Bell's redshirt freshman season. Behind an outstanding offensive line, memorably dubbed \"The Great Wall of Florida,\" and which included Phil Bromley, Lomas Brown, Billy Hinson, Crawford Ker and Jeff Zimmerman, and supported by fullback John L. Williams, halfback Neal Anderson and wide receiver Ricky Nattiel, Bell led the Gators to a 9–1–1 record, an SEC championship, and a top-5 national ranking. However, due to NCAA infractions committed under coach Charley Pell, the Gators' were ineligible for bowl consideration, and their SEC championship was vacated months after the 1984 season ended. In 1985, now with a full scholarship, Bell led the Gators to a second consecutive 9–1–1 record. Though ineligible for the conference championship, the Gators finished with best-in-the-conference records of 5–0–1 and 5–1 in 1984 and 1985 and briefly held their first ever No. 1 ranking in the AP poll during the 1985 season. Due to the effects of ongoing NCAA penalties, the Gators' record slipped to 6–5 in 1986 and 6–6 in 1987, Bell's junior and senior seasons. A highlight of those campaigns was Florida's upset of the No. 5 and undefeated Auburn Tigers in"
},
{
"title": "Kerwin Bell",
"text": " November 1986. Bell had injured his knee a month prior and did not start the game. But with the Gators trailing 17–0 in the fourth quarter, he entered the contest wearing a large knee brace and led his team to a dramatic 18–17 comeback win, capped with a last-minute touchdown pass to Ricky Nattiel followed by Bell himself \"hobbling\" into the endzone for a successful two-point conversion. Bell was the Southeastern Conference (SEC) Player of the Year in 1984, an honorable mention All-American in 1985 and 1986, a first-team All-SEC selection in 1985, and the recipient of the Gators' Fergie Ferguson Award and a team captain in 1987. He finished his four-year college career with 549 completions on 949 passing attempts, for 7,585 yards and fifty-six touchdowns. Bell graduated from Florida with a bachelor's degree in psychology in 1987, and was inducted into the University of Florida Athletic Hall of Fame as a \"Gator Great\" in 1997. Among the top 100 Gators of the first 100 years of Florida football, the sportswriters of \"The Gainesville Sun\" ranked him the No. 26 greatest Gator of all time in 2006.</s><s>Professional career"
},
{
"title": "Kerwin Bell",
"text": ". Bell had a well-traveled football career. He was drafted by the Miami Dolphins in the seventh round (180th pick overall) of the 1988 NFL Draft, and spent the season on the Dolphins' practice squad. He spent part of 1989 as the Buccaneers' third-team quarterback, but a serious knee injury ended his season and prevented him from playing at all in 1990. In 1991, Bell finally got a chance to start with the Orlando Thunder of the World League of American Football and threw for 2,214 yards, and was the Thunder's backup quarterback in 1992 when the team went to the World Bowl. Bell began a seven-year Canadian Football League career in, with the Sacramento Gold Miners, part of the failed CFL expansion into the United States. As a back-up quarterback in 1993, Bell threw for 296 yards, but his passing production increased to 1,812 yards in. Bell played for the Edmonton Eskimos in. In, Bell landed a roster spot with the Indianapolis Colts of the NFL, and in week 15 he entered the game against the Philadelphia Eagles. Bell attempted five passes and completed all of them, throwing for 75 yards and a touchdown on the day. He never again threw a pass in a regular season NFL game, leaving him"
},
{
"title": "Kerwin Bell",
"text": " with the highest career passer rating of any quarterback in NFL history. He was the Colts' third-team quarterback in but did not play in a regular season game. Bell returned to the CFL in with the Toronto Argonauts and had his best professional year. He threw for 4,991 yards and 27 touchdowns and set a lead record with a completion percentage of 67.3%, earning him a spot on the CFL All-Star team. He signed with the Winnipeg Blue Bombers and again passed for over 4000 yards in, but was injured early in and was traded back to Toronto, where he remained until retiring after the season. Bell played for the Argonauts more than any other team in his career, passing for 8,811 career yards in forty-six regular season games with Toronto. Overall, Bell played in 126 regular season CFL games, completed 1,560 passes in 2,558 attempts, and threw 101 touchdowns.</s><s>Coaching career.</s><s>Coaching career.:University of Florida. Bell first coached in 1990, when his playing career was temporarily interrupted by a serious knee injury. Bell returned to the University of Florida while rehabilitating to serve as a graduate assistant coach under Steve Spurrier, who was in his first season as the Gators' head ball coach"
},
{
"title": "Kerwin Bell",
"text": ". Bell remained in Gainesville for only one season, as he resumed his playing career in the summer of 1991 with the Orlando Thunder of the WLAF. However, working under Spurrier and watching the \"Fun 'n' Gun\" offense in games and in practice would have a strong influence on Bell's future offensive philosophies. “The spacing and just the concepts of the routes and the rhythm of the system. That’s almost perfection and that’s what I try to obtain every day in practice,” he said in 2019.</s><s>Coaching career.:Toronto Argonauts. Bell next coached in, when he served as the co-offensive coordinator for the Toronto Argonauts during his last season as an active player.</s><s>Coaching career.:Trinity High School. After retiring as a player, Bell returned to his home state to become the first head football coach at brand-new Trinity Catholic High School in Ocala, Florida, which fielded its first varsity team in 2002. The program grew quickly under Bell, with the Celtics making the district playoffs in their second season. In 2005, Trinity went 14-0 and won the Florida 2A state high school football championship on the strength of a prolific passing attack that produced 41 touchdown passes"
},
{
"title": "Kerwin Bell",
"text": " against 5 interceptions. Trinity went undefeated for a second consecutive regular season in 2006 and lost in the state championship game, ending a 27-game winning streak.</s><s>Coaching career.:Jacksonville University. In 2007, Bell became the head coach of the Jacksonville Dolphins, a non-scholarship NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision (FCS) football program representing Jacksonville University. In Bell's second season, the JU Dolphins went 9–4 and won the Pioneer Football League (PFL) championship, and Bell was recognized as the PFL Coach of the Year and was a finalist for the Eddie Robinson Award. The Dolphins won another PFL championship in 2010 with a 10–1 record. During his tenure at Jacksonville, Bell was rumored to be a candidate for coaching positions at major college programs and confirmed a 2011 interview for the offensive coordinator position with the Florida Gators. Regarding other job options, Bell stated that he intended to build a \"strong legacy\" at Jacksonville University and would only leave for \"the right situation\". Despite compiling a 66–35 record and winning three PFL championships at a school that had only posted one winning season before his arrival, Bell's contract was not renewed after the 2015 season. The school's administration announced that the decision was due to"
},
{
"title": "Kerwin Bell",
"text": " \"philosophical differences\" stemming from the fact that the school wanted to keep the non-scholarship football program as-is while Bell had publicly speculated that the JU could eventually develop a major FCS football program by offering scholarships.</s><s>Coaching career.:Valdosta State. In January 2016, Bell was named the new head coach of the Blazers of Valdosta State University, a scholarship football program that competes in NCAA Division II. In 2018, Bell led the Blazers to the program's first undefeated season (14–0) and the Division II National Championship. The Blazers led D-II in scoring with 52 points per game and scored the most points in Gulf South Conference history.</s><s>Coaching career.:USF. In January 2019, Bell was named the offensive coordinator for the South Florida Bulls by head coach Charlie Strong, who knew Bell from several stints as an assistant coach at the University of Florida. Bell was given \"total control\" of the Bulls' offense, which had stagnated before his arrival. USF suffered through a disappointing 4–8 2019 season, resulting in the dismissal of Strong. Incoming head coach Jeff Scott opted to build a new staff, and Bell was dismissed along with the rest of Strong's assistant coaches on"
},
{
"title": "Kerwin Bell",
"text": " December 16.</s><s>Coaching career.:Western Carolina. Bell was hired as the 14th head coach at Western Carolina on April 27, 2021. In his first year, Bell led the Catamounts to a 4-7 record after starting the season 0-6. In his second year, Bell led the Catamounts to a 6-5 record, their first winning season since 2017.</s><s>Personal life. Kerwin Bell married the former Cosette Odom in 1986, while they were both students at the University of Florida. The two had first met in kindergarten in their hometown of Mayo, and at the time of their marriage, Cosette was Florida's majorette captain while Kerwin was the Gators' star quarterback. Their son, Kade Bell, joined his father's coaching staff at Valdosta State and was the primary playcaller during their national championship season in 2018. Kade also joined his father's staff at USF.</s><s>Head coaching record.</s><s>Head coaching record.:College. - Official record was 0–0 due to rules violations</s><s>See also. - List of Florida Gators in the NFL Draft - List of SEC Most Valuable Players - List of University of Florida alumni - List of University of Florida Athletic Hall of"
},
{
"title": "Kerwin Bell",
"text": " Fame members</s><s>Bibliography. - Carlson, Norm, \"University of Florida Football Vault: The History of the Florida Gators\", Whitman Publishing, LLC, Atlanta, Georgia (2007).. - Golenbock, Peter, \"Go Gators! An Oral History of Florida's Pursuit of Gridiron Glory\", Legends Publishing, LLC, St. Petersburg, Florida (2002).. - Hairston, Jack, \"Tales from the Gator Swamp: A Collection of the Greatest Gator Stories Ever Told\", Sports Publishing, LLC, Champaign, Illinois (2002).. - McCarthy, Kevin M., \"Fightin' Gators: A History of University of Florida Football\", Arcadia Publishing, Mount Pleasant, South Carolina (2000).. - Nash, Noel, ed., \"The Gainesville Sun Presents The Greatest Moments in Florida Gators Football\", Sports Publishing, Inc., Champaign, Illinois (1998)..</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Kerwin Bell",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "North America"
}
|
factscore-000302
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Tom Coburn.
|
[
{
"title": "Tom Coburn",
"text": "<s>Tom Coburn Thomas Allen Coburn (March 14, 1948 – March 28, 2020) was an American politician and physician who served as a United States senator for Oklahoma from 2005, until his resignation in 2015. A Republican, he previously served as a United States representative. Coburn was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1994 as part of the Republican Revolution. He upheld his campaign pledge to serve no more than three consecutive terms and did not run for re-election in 2000. In 2004, he returned to political life with a successful run for the United States Senate. Coburn was re-elected to a second term in 2010 and kept his pledge not to seek a third term in 2016. In January 2014, Coburn announced he would resign before the expiration of his final term due to a recurrence of prostate cancer. He submitted a letter of resignation to Oklahoma Governor Mary Fallin, effective at the end of the 113th Congress. Coburn was a fiscal and social conservative, known for his opposition to deficit spending and pork barrel projects, and for his opposition to abortion. Described as \"the godfather of the modern conservative austerity movement\", he supported term limits, gun rights and the death penalty and opposed same-sex marriage and embryonic stem cell research"
},
{
"title": "Tom Coburn",
"text": ". Many Democrats referred to him as \"Dr. No\" due to his frequent use of technicalities to block federal spending bills. After leaving Congress, Coburn worked with the Manhattan Institute for Policy Research on its efforts to reform the Food and Drug Administration, becoming a senior fellow of the institute in December 2016. Coburn also served as a senior advisor to Citizens for Self-Governance, where he was active in calling for a convention to propose amendments to the United States Constitution.</s><s>Early life, education, and medical career. Coburn was born in Casper, Wyoming, the son of Anita Joy (née Allen) and Orin Wesley Coburn. Coburn's father was an optician and founder of Coburn Optical Industries, and a named donor to O. W. Coburn School of Law at Oral Roberts University. Coburn graduated with a B.S. in accounting from Oklahoma State University, where he was also a member of Sigma Nu fraternity. In 1968, he married Carolyn Denton, the 1967 Miss Oklahoma; their three daughters are Callie, Katie and Sarah, a leading operatic soprano. One of the top ten seniors in the School of Business, Coburn served as president of the College of Business Student Council. From 1970"
},
{
"title": "Tom Coburn",
"text": " to 1978, Coburn served as a manufacturing manager at the Ophthalmic Division of Coburn Optical Industries in Colonial Heights, Virginia. While Coburn was manager, the Virginia division of Coburn Optical grew from 13 employees to over 350 and captured 35 percent of the U.S. market. After recovering from an occurrence of malignant melanoma, Coburn pursued a medical degree and graduated from the University of Oklahoma Medical School with honors in 1983. He then opened Maternal & Family Practice in Muskogee, Oklahoma, and served as a deacon in a Southern Baptist Church. During his career in obstetrics, he treated over 15,000 patients, delivered 4,000 babies and was subject to one malpractice lawsuit, which was dismissed without finding Coburn at fault. Together Coburn and his wife were members of First Baptist Church of Muskogee.</s><s>Early life, education, and medical career.:Sterilization controversy. A sterilization Coburn performed on a 20-year-old woman, Angela Plummer, in 1990, became what was called \"the most incendiary issue\" of his Senate campaign. Coburn performed the sterilization on the woman during an emergency surgery to treat a life-threatening ectopic pregnancy, removing her healthy intact fall"
},
{
"title": "Tom Coburn",
"text": "opian tube as well as the one damaged by the surgery. The woman sued Coburn, alleging that he did not have consent to sterilize her, while Coburn claimed he had her oral consent. The lawsuit was ultimately dismissed with no finding of liability on Coburn's part. The state attorney general claimed that Coburn committed Medicaid fraud by not reporting the sterilization when he filed a claim for the emergency surgery. Medicaid did not reimburse doctors for sterilization procedures for patients under 21 and according to the attorney general, Coburn would not have been reimbursed at all had he disclosed this information. Coburn says since he did not file a claim for the sterilization, no fraud was committed. No charges were filed against Coburn for this claim.</s><s>Political career.</s><s>Political career.:House career. In 1994, Coburn ran for the House of Representatives in Oklahoma's 2nd congressional district, which was based in Muskogee and included 22 counties in northeastern Oklahoma. Coburn initially expected to face eight-term incumbent Mike Synar. However, Synar was defeated in a runoff for the Democratic nomination by a 71-year-old retired principal, Virgil Cooper. According to Coburn's 2003 book, \"Breach of Trust: How Washington Turns Outs"
},
{
"title": "Tom Coburn",
"text": "iders Into Insiders\", Coburn and Cooper got along well, since both were opposed to the more liberal Synar. The general election was cordial since both men knew that Synar would not return to Washington regardless of the outcome. Coburn won by a 52%–48% margin, becoming the first Republican to represent the district since 1921. Coburn was one of the most conservative members of the House. He supported \"reducing the size of the federal budget,\" wanted to make abortion illegal and supported the proposed television V-chip legislation. Despite representing a heavily Democratic district and President Bill Clinton's electoral dominance therein, Coburn was reelected in 1996 and 1998. In the House, Coburn earned a reputation as a political maverick due to his frequent battles with House Speaker Newt Gingrich. Most of these stand-offs stemmed from his belief that the Republican caucus was moving toward the political center and away from the more conservative Contract With America policy proposals that had brought the Republicans into power in Congress in 1994 for the first time in 40 years. Coburn endorsed conservative activist and former diplomat Alan Keyes in the 2000 Republican presidential primaries. Coburn retired from Congress in 2001, fulfilling his pledge to serve no more than three terms in the House. His congressional district returned to"
},
{
"title": "Tom Coburn",
"text": " the Democratic fold, as attorney Brad Carson defeated Andy Ewing, a Republican endorsed by Coburn. After leaving the House and returning to private medical practice, Coburn wrote \"Breach of Trust\", with ghostwriter John Hart, about his experiences in Congress. The book detailed Coburn's perspective on the internal Republican Party debates over the Contract With America and displayed his disdain for career politicians. Some of the figures he criticized (such as Gingrich) were already out of office at the time of the book's publishing, but others (such as former House Speaker Dennis Hastert) remained influential in Congress, which resulted in speculation that some congressional Republicans wanted no part of Coburn's return to politics. During his tenure in the House, Coburn wrote and passed far-reaching pieces of legislation. These include laws to expand seniors' health care options, to protect access to home health care in rural areas and to allow Americans to access cheaper medications from Canada and other nations. Coburn also wrote a law intended to prevent the spread of AIDS to infants. \"The Wall Street Journal\" said about the law, \"In 10 long years of AIDS politics and funding, this is actually the first legislation to pass in this country that will rescue babies.\" He also wrote a law to renew and"
},
{
"title": "Tom Coburn",
"text": " reform federal AIDS care programs. In 2002, President George W. Bush chose Coburn to serve as co-chair of the Presidential Advisory Council on HIV/AIDS (PACHA). During his three terms in the House, Coburn also played an influential role in reforming welfare and other federal entitlement programs.</s><s>Political career.:House career.:\"Schindler's List\" TV broadcast. As a congressman in 1997, Coburn protested NBC's plan to air the R-rated Academy Award-winning Holocaust drama \"Schindler's List\" during prime time. Coburn stated that, in airing the movie without editing it for television, TV had been taken \"to an all-time low, with full-frontal nudity, violence and profanity.\" He also said the TV broadcast should outrage parents and decent-minded individuals everywhere. Coburn described the airing of \"Schindler's List\" on television as \"irresponsible sexual behavior. I cringe when I realize that there were children all across this nation watching this program.\" This statement met with strong criticism, as the film deals mainly with the Holocaust. After heavy criticism, Coburn apologized \"to all those I have offended\" and clarified that he agreed with the movie being aired on television, but stated that it should"
},
{
"title": "Tom Coburn",
"text": " have been on later in the evening. In apologizing, Coburn said that at that time of the evening there are still large numbers of children watching without parental supervision and stated that he stood by his message of protecting children from violence, but had expressed it poorly. He also said, \"My intentions were good, but I've obviously made an error in judgment in how I've gone about saying what I wanted to say.\" He later wrote in \"Breach of Trust\" that he considered this one of the biggest mistakes in his life and that, while he still felt the material was unsuitable for a 7 p.m. television broadcast, he handled the situation poorly.</s><s>Political career.:Senate career. After three years out of politics, Coburn announced his candidacy for the Senate seat being vacated by four-term incumbent Republican Don Nickles. Former Oklahoma City Mayor Kirk Humphreys (the favorite of the state and national Republican establishment) and Corporation Commissioner Bob Anthony joined the field before Coburn. However, Coburn won the primary by an unexpectedly large margin, taking 61% of the vote to Humphreys's 25%. In the general election, he faced Brad Carson, the Democrat who had succeeded him in the 2nd District and was giving up his seat after only two terms"
},
{
"title": "Tom Coburn",
"text": ". In the election, Coburn won by a margin of 53% to Carson's 42%. While Carson routed Coburn in the generally heavily Democratic 2nd District, Coburn swamped Carson in the Oklahoma City metropolitan area and the closer-in Tulsa suburbs. Coburn won the state's two largest counties, Tulsa and Oklahoma, by a combined 86,000 votes, more than half of his overall margin of 166,000 votes cast. Coburn's Senate voting record was as conservative as his House record. Coburn was re-elected in 2010. He received 90% of the vote in the Republican primary and 70% in the general election. While he already planned on not seeking a third term in the Senate due to his self-imposed two-term term limit, on January 16, 2014, Coburn announced he would resign his office before his term ended at the end of the year due to his declining health. On April 29, 2014, Coburn introduced the Insurance Capital Standards Clarification Act of 2014 (S. 2270; 113th Congress) into the Senate and it passed on June 3, 2014.</s><s>Political career.:Senate career.:Use of Senate hold. Coburn used the Senate hold privilege to prevent several bills from coming to the Senate floor."
},
{
"title": "Tom Coburn",
"text": " Coburn earned a reputation for his use of this procedural mechanism. In November 2009 Coburn drew attention for placing a hold on a veterans benefits bill known as the Veterans' Caregiver and Omnibus Health Benefits Act. Coburn also placed a hold on a bill intended to help end hostilities in Uganda by the Lord's Resistance Army. On May 23, 2007, Coburn blocked two bills honoring the 100th birthday of Rachel Carson. Coburn called Carson's scientific work \"junk science,\" proclaiming that Carson's landmark book \"Silent Spring\" was \"the catalyst in the deadly worldwide stigmatization against insecticides, especially DDT.\" Democratic Senator Benjamin L. Cardin of Maryland had intended to submit a resolution celebrating Carson for her \"legacy of scientific rigor coupled with poetic sensibility,\" but Coburn blocked it, saying that \"the junk science and stigma surrounding DDT—the cheapest and most effective insecticide on the planet—have finally been jettisoned.\" In response to Coburn's holds, Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid introduced the Advancing America's Priorities Act,, in July 2008. S. 3297 combined thirty-five bills which Coburn had blocked into what Democrats called the \"Tomnibus\" bill. The bill included health care"
},
{
"title": "Tom Coburn",
"text": " provisions, new penalties for child pornography, and several natural resources bills. The bill failed a cloture vote. Coburn opposed parts of the legislation creating the Lewis and Clark Mount Hood Wilderness Area, which would add protections to wildlands in Oregon, Washington, and Idaho. Coburn exercised a hold on the legislation in both March and November 2008, and decried the required $10 million for surveying and mapping as wasteful. The Mount Hood bill would have been the largest amount of land added to federal protection since 1984. In March 2009, those wilderness areas became protected under the Omnibus Public Land Management Act, which passed the Senate 73–21. According to the \"Boston Globe\", Coburn initially blocked passage of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA), objecting to provisions in the bill that allow discrimination based on genetic information from embryos and fetuses. After the embryo loophole was closed, Coburn lifted his hold on the bill. Coburn had initially blocked passage of the LRA Disarmament and Northern Uganda Recovery Act, which would help to disarm the Lord's Resistance Army, a political group accused of human rights abuses. On March 9, 2010, Coburn lifted his hold on the LRA bill freeing it to move to the Senate floor after reaching"
},
{
"title": "Tom Coburn",
"text": " a compromise regarding the funding of the bill, and an eleven-day protest outside of his office.</s><s>Political career.:Senate career.:John Ensign scandal. Coburn was affiliated with a religious organization called The Family. Coburn previously lived in one of the Family's Washington, D.C. dormitories with then-Senator John Ensign, another Family member and longtime resident of the C Street Center who admitted he had an extramarital affair with a staffer in 2009. The announcement by Ensign of his infidelity brought public scrutiny of the Family and its connection to other high-ranking politicians, including Coburn. Coburn, together with senior members of the Family, attempted to intervene to end Ensign's affair in February 2008, before the affair became public, including by meeting with the husband of Ensign's mistress and encouraging Ensign to write a letter to his mistress breaking off the affair. Ensign was driven to a branch of Federal Express from the C Street Center to post the letter, shortly after which Ensign called to tell his mistress to ignore it. Coburn refused to speak about his involvement in Ensign's affair or his knowledge of the affair well before it became public, asserting legal privilege due to his separate statuses as a licensed"
},
{
"title": "Tom Coburn",
"text": " physician in the State of Oklahoma and a deacon. In October 2009, Coburn did make a statement to \"The New York Times\" about Ensign's affair and cover-up: \"John got trapped doing something really stupid and then made a lot of other mistakes afterward. Judgment gets impaired by arrogance and that's what's going on here.\" In May 2011, the Senate Ethics Committee identified Coburn in their report on the ethics violations of Senator John Ensign. The report stated that Coburn knew about Ensign's extramarital affair and was involved in trying to negotiate a financial settlement to cover it up.</s><s>Political career.:Senate career.:Whistleblower rights. Coburn was involved in the Bush Administration's struggle with Congress over whistleblower rights. In the case of \"Garcetti v. Ceballos\", the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that government employees who testify against their employers did not have protection from retaliation by their employers under the First Amendment of the Constitution. The free speech protections of the First Amendment have long been used to shield whistleblowers from retaliation. In response to the Supreme Court decision, the House passed H.R. 985, the Whistleblower Protection Act of 2007. Bush, citing national security concerns,"
},
{
"title": "Tom Coburn",
"text": " promised to veto the bill should it be enacted into law by Congress. The Senate's version of the Whistleblower Protection Act (S. 274) was approved by the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs on June 13, 2007. However, that version failed to reach a vote by the Senate, as Coburn placed a hold on the bill; effectively preventing the passage of the bill, which had bipartisan support in the Senate. Coburn's website features a news item about United Nations whistleblower Mathieu Credo Koumoin, a former employee for the U.N. Development Program in West Africa, who has asked U.N. ethics chief Robert Benson for protection under the U.N.'s new whistleblower protection rules. The site has a link to the \"United Nations Watch\" of the Republican Office of the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs' Subcommittee on Federal Financial Management, Government Information and International Security, of which he was the ranking minority member. Coburn's website also features a tip line for potential whistleblowers on government waste and fraud.</s><s>Political career.:Senate career.:Council on American–Islamic Relations. Coburn joined Congressmen Sue Myrick (R-NC), Trent Franks (R-AZ), John Shadegg (R"
},
{
"title": "Tom Coburn",
"text": "-AZ), Paul Broun (R-GA) and Patrick McHenry (R-NC) in a letter to IRS Commissioner Douglas H. Shulman on November 16, 2009, asking that the Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR) be investigated for excessive lobbying and failing to register as a lobbying organization. The request came in the wake of the publication of a book, \"Muslim Mafia\", the foreword of which had been penned by Myrick, that portrayed CAIR as a subversive organization allied with international terrorists.</s><s>Political career.:Senate career.:Criticism of the National Science Foundation. On May 26, 2011 Coburn released his 73-page report, \"\", receiving immediate attention from such media outlets as \"The New York Times\", Fox News and MSNBC.</s><s>Political career.:Senate career.:STOCK Act. Coburn was one of three senators who voted against the Stop Trading on Congressional Knowledge Act (STOCK Act). On February 3, 2012, Coburn released the following statement regarding the Act:</s><s>Political career.:Senate career.:Committee assignments. Coburn was a member of the following committees: - Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs (Ranking Member) - Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations - Subcommittee on Financial and Contract"
},
{
"title": "Tom Coburn",
"text": "ing Oversight - Subcommittee on the Efficiency and Effectiveness of Federal Programs and the Federal Workforce - Subcommittee on Emergency Management, Intergovernmental Affairs, and the District of Columbia - Select Committee on Intelligence - Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs - Subcommittee on Economic Policy - Subcommittee on Securities, Insurance, and Investment - Subcommittee on Housing, Transportation, and Community Development</s><s>Political positions.</s><s>Political positions.:Abortion. Coburn opposed abortion, with the exception of abortions necessary to save the life of the mother. In 2000, he sponsored a bill to prevent the Food and Drug Administration from developing, testing, or approving the abortifacient RU-486. On July 13, the bill failed in the House of Representatives by a vote of 182 to 187. On the issue, Coburn sparked controversy with his remark, \"I favor the death penalty for abortionists and other people who take life.\" He noted that his great-grandmother was raped by a sheriff. Coburn was one of the original authors of the federal Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act upheld by the United States Supreme Court in \"Gonzales v. Carhart\". The act relied on an expansive view of the Constitution's Commerce Clause, as it applies to \"any physician who, in or affecting"
},
{
"title": "Tom Coburn",
"text": " interstate or foreign commerce, knowingly performs a partial-birth abortion.\" The Act's reliance on such a broad reading of the Commerce Clause was criticized by Independence Institute scholar David Kopel and University of Tennessee law professor Glenn Reynolds, who noted that \"[u]nless a physician is operating a mobile abortion clinic on the Metroliner, it is not really possible to perform an abortion 'in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce.'\" When Coburn later called Supreme Court nominee Elena Kagan \"ignorant\" due to her \"very expansive view\" of the Commerce Clause, his support for the Act was used by Kagan supporters who charged him with hypocrisy on the issue. On September 14, 2005, during the confirmation hearings for Supreme Court nominee John G. Roberts, Coburn began his opening statement with a critique of Beltway partisan politics while, according to news reports, \"choking back a sob.\" Coburn had earlier been completing a crossword puzzle during the hearings, and this fact was highlighted by \"The Daily Show with Jon Stewart\" to ridicule Coburn's pathos. Coburn then began his questioning by discussing the various legal terms mentioned during the previous day's hearings. Proceeding to questions regarding both abortion and end-of-life issues, Coburn, who noted that"
},
{
"title": "Tom Coburn",
"text": " during his tenure as an obstetrician he had delivered some 4,000 babies, asked Roberts whether the judge agreed with the proposition that \"the opposite of being dead is being alive.\"</s><s>Political positions.:Fiscal conservatism. The best-known of Coburn's amendments was an amendment to the fiscal 2006 appropriations bill that funds transportation projects. Coburn's amendment would have transferred funding from the Bridge to Nowhere in Alaska to rebuild Louisiana's \"Twin Spans\" bridge, which was devastated by Hurricane Katrina. The amendment was defeated in the Senate, 82–14, after Ted Stevens, the senior senator from Alaska, threatened to resign his office if the amendment were passed. Coburn's actions did result in getting the funds made into a more politically feasible block grant to the State of Alaska, which could use the funds for the bridge or other projects. The renovations for the Elizabethtown Amtrak Station were cited by Coburn as an example of pork barrel spending in the stimulus bill. Coburn was also a member of the Fiscal Watch Team, a group of seven senators led by John McCain, whose stated goal was to combat \"wasteful government spending.\" On April 6, 2006, Coburn and Senators Barack Obama, Thomas Carper and John McCain introduced the Federal Funding"
},
{
"title": "Tom Coburn",
"text": " Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006. The bill requires the full disclosure of all entities and organizations receiving federal funds beginning in fiscal year (FY) 2007 on a website maintained by the Office of Management and Budget. The bill was signed into law on September 26, 2006. Coburn and McCain noted that the practice of members of Congress adding earmarks had risen dramatically over the years, from 121 earmarks in 1987 to 15,268 earmarks in 2005, according to the Congressional Research Service. In July 2007, Coburn criticized pork-barrel spending that Nebraska Senator Ben Nelson had inserted into the 2007 defense spending bill. Coburn said that the earmarks would benefit Nelson's son Patrick's employer with millions in federal dollars and that the situation violated terms of the Transparency Act, which was passed by the Senate but had not yet been voted on in the House. Nelson's spokesperson said the Senator did nothing wrong. At that time, newspapers in Nebraska and Oklahoma noted that Coburn failed to criticize very similar earmarks that had benefited Oklahoma. In 1997, Coburn introduced a bill called the HIV Prevention Act of 1997, which would have amended the Social Security Act. The bill would have required confidential notification of HIV exposure to the sexual partners of those diagnosed with HIV, along with counseling and testing"
},
{
"title": "Tom Coburn",
"text": ". In 2010, Coburn called for a freeze on defense spending. The following year, along with Democratic Maryland Senator Ben Cardin, he introduced a bill to \"get rid of the most venerable big ethanol subsidy: the blenders tax credit.\" Coburn served on the Simpson-Bowles debt reduction commission in 2010 and was one of the only Republicans in Congress open to tax increases as a means of balancing the budget. In 2011 Coburn broke with Americans for Tax Reform with an ethanol amendment that gathered 70 votes in the Senate. He said that anti-tax activist Grover Norquist's influence was overstated, and that revenue increases were needed in order to \"fix the country.\" In 2012, Coburn identified less than $7 billion a year in possible defense savings and over half of these savings were to be through the elimination of military personnel involved in supply, transportation, and communications services. In May 2013, after tornadoes ripped through his state, Coburn said that any new funding allocated for disaster relief needed to be offset by cuts to other federal spending. Coburn was a fierce critic of the plan to attempt to defund the Affordable Care Act by shutting down the federal government, saying that the strategy was \"doomed to fail\" and that Ted Cruz and others who"
},
{
"title": "Tom Coburn",
"text": " supported the plan had a \"short-term goal with lousy tactics\".</s><s>Political positions.:Gun rights. In regards to the Second Amendment, Coburn believed that it \"recognizes the right of individual, law-abiding citizens to own and use firearms,\" and he opposed \"any and all efforts to mandate gun control on law-abiding citizens.\" On the Credit CARD Act of 2009, which aimed \"to establish fair and transparent practices relating to the extension of credit under an open-end consumer credit plan and for other purposes,\" Coburn sponsored an amendment that would allow concealed carry of firearms in national parks. The Senate passed the amendment 67–29. Coburn placed a hold on final Senate consideration of a measure passed by the House in the wake of the Virginia Tech shootings to improve state performance in checking the federal watch list of gun buyers. However, after the Sandy Hook massacre in December 2012, Coburn (who had already announced he would not run for re-election) reversed himself and came out in support of universal background checks. Coburn partnered with Democratic members of the Senate such as Charles Schumer and Joe Manchin (to whose re-election campaign Coburn donated money) to determine what a universal background check measure should look like. However, these talks ultimately broke down"
},
{
"title": "Tom Coburn",
"text": ", and in April 2013, Coburn was one of 46 senators to vote against the amendment in its final form, defeating its passage.</s><s>Political positions.:Health care reform. Coburn voted against the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act in December 2009, and against the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010. Coburn co-authored the Patients Choice Act of 2009 (S. 1099), a Republican plan for health care reform in the United States, which in part 1) Requires the U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS) to convene an interagency coordinating committee to develop a national strategic plan for prevention. The act provided for health promotion and disease prevention activities consistent with such a plan. Secondly it set forth provisions governing the establishment and operation of state-based health care exchanges to facilitate the individual purchase of private health insurance and the creation of a market where private health plans compete for enrollees based on price and quality. Thirdly it intended to amend the Internal Revenue Code to allow a refundable tax credit for qualified health care insurance coverage. Fourth it sets forth programs to prevent Medicare fraud and abuse, including ending the use of social security numbers to identify Medicare beneficiaries. Fifth it sought to terminate the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality."
},
{
"title": "Tom Coburn",
"text": "</s><s>Political positions.:Presidential nominations to the Judicial and Executive branches of government. During the administration of President George W. Bush, Coburn spoke out against the threat by some Democrats to filibuster nominations to judicial and Executive Branch positions. He took the position that no presidential nomination should ever be filibustered, in light of the wording of the U.S. Constitution. Coburn said, \"There is a defined charge to the president and the Senate on advice and consent.\" In May 2009, Coburn was the only Senator to vote against the confirmation of Gil Kerlikowske as the Director of the National Drug Control Policy.</s><s>Political positions.:Same-sex marriage. Coburn opposed same-sex marriage. In 2006, he voted in support of a proposed constitutional amendment to ban it.</s><s>Political positions.:War in Iraq. On May 24, 2007, the U.S. Senate voted 80–14 to fund the war in Iraq, which included U.S. Troop Readiness, Veterans' Care, Katrina Recovery, and Iraq Accountability Appropriations Act, 2007. Coburn voted nay. On October 1, 2007, the Senate voted 92–3 to fund the war in Iraq. Coburn voted nay. In February 2008, Coburn"
},
{
"title": "Tom Coburn",
"text": " said, \"I will tell you personally that I think it was probably a mistake going to Iraq.\" On December 15, 2014, Coburn stalled the Clay Hunt Suicide Prevention for American Veterans Act aimed at stemming veteran suicides. The bill would require a report on successful veteran suicide prevention programs and allow the United States Veterans Administration to pay incentives to hire psychiatrists. Paul Rieckhoff, CEO of Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans of America, said that despite his reputation as a budget hawk, Coburn should have recognized that the $22 million cost of the bill is worth the lives it would have saved. \"It's a shame that after two decades of service in Washington, Sen. Coburn will always be remembered for this final, misguided attack on veterans nationwide,\" he said. \"If it takes 90 days for the new Congress to re-pass this bill, the statistics tell us another 1,980 vets will have died by suicide. That should be a heavy burden on the conscience of Sen. Coburn and this Congress.\" Speaking out against the legislation, Coburn said \"I object, not because I don't want to save suicides, but because I don't think this bill will do the first thing to change what's happening,\" arguing that the bill\" \"throws money and doesn"
},
{
"title": "Tom Coburn",
"text": "'t solve the real problem\"</s><s>Post-Senate career. After resigning from the U.S. Senate, Coburn joined Citizens for Self-Governance as a senior advisor to the group's Convention of States project, which seeks to convene a convention to propose amendments to the United States Constitution. In 2017, he authored a book on the subject titled \"Smashing the DC Monopoly: Using Article V to Restore Freedom and Stop Runaway Government\". Coburn was affiliated with the Manhattan Institute for Policy Research, consulting on the institute's Project FDA, an effort to promote faster drug approval processes. He also sat on the board of the Benjamin Rush Institute, a conservative association of medical students across 20 medical schools. In 2016, he became a Manhattan Institute senior fellow.</s><s>Awards. In 2013, Coburn received the U.S. Senator John Heinz Award for Greatest Public Service by an Elected or Appointed Official, an award given out annually by the Jefferson Awards.</s><s>Personal life. Despite their stark ideological differences, Coburn was a close friend of President Barack Obama. Their friendship began in 2005 when they both arrived in the Senate at the same time. They worked together on political ethics reform legislation, to set up an online federal spending database"
},
{
"title": "Tom Coburn",
"text": " and to crack down on no-bid contracting at the Federal Emergency Management Agency in the wake of Hurricane Katrina. In April 2011, Coburn spoke to Bloomberg TV about Obama, saying, \"I love the man. I think he's a neat man. I don't want him to be president, but I still love him. He is our President. He's my President. And I disagree with him adamantly on 95% of the issues, but that doesn't mean I can't have a great relationship. And that's a model people ought to follow.\" Before the 2009 BCS game between the Oklahoma Sooners and the Florida Gators, Coburn made a bet over the outcome of the game with Florida Senator Bill Nelson—the loser had to serenade the winner with a song. The Gators defeated the Sooners and Coburn sang Elton John's \"Rocket Man\" to Nelson, who had once flown into space.</s><s>Personal life.:Illness and death. In November 2013, Coburn made public that he had been diagnosed with prostate cancer. In 2011, he had prostate cancer surgery while also surviving colon cancer and melanoma. The results caused Coburn to resign from the senate in 2014. Coburn died at his home in Tulsa on March 28,"
},
{
"title": "Tom Coburn",
"text": " 2020, exactly two weeks after his 72nd birthday. A memorial service to honor his life was held a year later on May 1, 2021, at South Tulsa Baptist Church.</s><s>Books. - (with John Hart) - (with John Hart) -</s><s>See also. - Physicians in the United States Congress</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Tom Coburn",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "North America"
}
|
factscore-000303
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Kari Matchett.
|
[
{
"title": "Kari Matchett",
"text": "<s>Kari Matchett Kari Matchett is a Canadian actress. She is known for her roles as Colleen Blessed on \"Power Play\", as Joan Campbell on \"Covert Affairs\" and as Kate Filmore in the science fiction movie \"\". She has also appeared in films such as \"Apartment Hunting\" (2000), \"Angel Eyes\" (2001), \"Men with Brooms\" (2002), \"Cypher\" (2002), \"Civic Duty\" (2006), \"The Tree of Life\" (2011), and \"Maudie\" (2016).</s><s>Early life and education. Matchett was born in Spalding, Saskatchewan. She attended high school at Lethbridge Collegiate Institute in Lethbridge, Alberta. She attended the National Theatre School in Montreal and the Moscow Theatre School. Matchett performed on stage for three years at the Stratford Shakespeare Festival in Ontario.</s><s>Career. In Canada, her first major role was on \"The Rez\", and her first starring role was as Colleen Blessed in \"Power Play\" (1998–2000). Matchett was a cast member on the A&E Network TV series \"A Nero Wolfe Mystery\" (2001–2002), with Timothy Hutton in which she"
},
{
"title": "Kari Matchett",
"text": " played several characters, including a recurring role as Lily Rowan. On \"Wonderfalls\", she played Beth, the bisexual love interest of the main character's lesbian sister. In 2001, she played Candace in the drama film \"Angel Eyes\". In 2002, she played Kate Filmore in the science fiction horror thriller \"\". In 2003, she starred with Timothy Hutton in the Syfy miniseries \"Five Days to Midnight\". Her next role was as Detective Elaine Bender in \"Blue Murder\" in 2004. She previously guest starred on \"Blue Murder\" in 2001 as a suspect in a murder investigation, for which she won a Gemini Award. In 2005, Matchett starred in the ABC series \"Invasion\", about aliens taking the form of humans. She also appeared in \"\". She also appeared as Mary Tate on \"Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip\". She appeared in both \"Shark\" and \"Wild Card\". She played a single mother stalked by her boyfriend in \"Intimate Stranger\", in 2006. In the same year she starred with Peter Krause in \"Civic Duty\". In 2007, Matchett joined the cast of \"24\", as. In June 2007, she played Kate Armstrong in the TNT series \"Heartland\". In 2007 and"
},
{
"title": "Kari Matchett",
"text": " 2008, she was cast as ER chief Skye Wexler on \"ER\". In 2008 and 2009, she played Dennis Hopper's character's daughter, Jules, in the critically acclaimed Starz series \"Crash\". She had a recurring role in the TNT series \"Leverage\", reuniting with \"Nero Wolfe\" co-star Timothy Hutton, portraying Maggie Collins, the ex-wife of Hutton's character, Nathan \"Nate\" Ford. Matchett starred as Joan Campbell in the USA Network series \"Covert Affairs\" (2010–2014). In 2016, Matchett appeared as Sandra in \"Maudie\" with Ethan Hawke. She also played a supporting role in Terrence Malick's \"The Tree of Life\", with Sean Penn and Brad Pitt. Shot in 2008, the film premiered in competition at the Cannes Film Festival in May 2011 and received the Palme d'Or.</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Kari Matchett",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "North America"
}
|
factscore-000304
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Clancy Brown.
|
[
{
"title": "Clancy Brown",
"text": "<s>Clancy Brown Clarence John \"Clancy\" Brown III (born January 5, 1959) is an American actor. Prolific in film and television since the 1980s, Brown is often cast in villainous and authoritative roles. His film roles include Viking Lofgren in \"Bad Boys\" (1983), Rawhide in \"The Adventures of Buckaroo Banzai Across the 8th Dimension\" (1984), The Kurgan in \"Highlander\" (1986), Sheriff Gus Gilbert in \"Pet Sematary Two\" (1992), Capt. Byron Hadley in \"The Shawshank Redemption\" (1994), Sgt. Charles Zim in \"Starship Troopers\" (1997), Stanley Thomas in \"Promising Young Woman\" (2020), and The Harbinger in \"\" (2023). On television, he has played Brother Justin Crowe on the HBO series \"Carnivàle\" (2003–2005), Waylon \"Jock\" Jeffcoat on the Showtime series \"Billions\" (2018–2019), and Kurt Caldwell on the Showtime series \"\" (2021–2022). Brown is a prolific voice actor, who is best known as the voice of Lex Luthor in the DC Animated Universe (1996–2006) as well as other DC Comics"
},
{
"title": "Clancy Brown",
"text": " projects, and Mr. Krabs on \"SpongeBob SquarePants\" (1999–present). Other characters he has voiced include Doctor Neo Cortex and Uka Uka in the \"Crash Bandicoot\" franchise (1997–2003), Savage Opress in \"\" (2011–2013), Surtur in \"\" (2017), and Hank Anderson in \"\" (2018).</s><s>Early life. Clancy Brown was born on January 5, 1959, in Urbana, Ohio, and had an older sister, Beth who died in 1964. Their mother, Joyce Helen (Eldridge), was a conductor, composer and concert pianist. His father, Clarence J. \"Bud\" Brown Jr. (1927–2022), was a newspaper publisher who helped manage the Brown Publishing Company, the family-owned newspaper business started by Clancy's grandfather, Congressman Clarence J. Brown. From 1965 to 1983, Bud Brown also served as a congressman, in the same seat as his own father, and later as Chairman of the Board of Brown Publishing. The family continued to operate the business until 2010. Brown graduated from St. Albans School in Washington, D.C., and Northwestern University. At St. Albans, Brown performed the role of Deputy Governor Thomas Dan"
},
{
"title": "Clancy Brown",
"text": "forth in \"The Crucible\". Brown has been married to Jeanne Johnson since 1993. They have a son and a daughter. Brown is a member of the Sigma Chi Fraternity.</s><s>Career.</s><s>Career.:Live-action performances. In Brown's first mainstream movie, he was cast as Viking Lofgren alongside Sean Penn in the 1983 crime drama \"Bad Boys\". Brown is known for his role as the Kurgan in the 1986 film \"Highlander\", his role as Captain Byron Hadley in \"The Shawshank Redemption\", Rawhide in \"The Adventures of Buckaroo Banzai Across the 8th Dimension\" (1984), Frankenstein's monster in \"The Bride\" (1985), Army mercenary Larry McRose in \"Extreme Prejudice\", the role of a band manager in \"Thunder Alley\" (1985), vicious killer Steve in \"Shoot to Kill\" (1988), the police officer in Michael Jackson's short movie \"Speed Demon\" (1988), \"Dead Man Walking\", Sheriff Gus Gilbert in \"Pet Sematary Two\", Sergeant Zim in \"Starship Troopers\" (a role he would reprise in the animated series \"\"), and Captain William Hadley in \"The Guardian\". He also played a role in \"Flubber"
},
{
"title": "Clancy Brown",
"text": "\" as one of the evil henchmen that get harmed by uncontrollably bouncing sports equipment. In 1989, he appeared in the action thriller \"Blue Steel\". Brown has played prison officers in three films dealing with miscarriages of justice: the tyrannical Captain Byron Hadley in \"The Shawshank Redemption\", the sympathetic Lt. Williams in \"The Hurricane\", and Lt. McMannis in \"Last Light\". In 2001, he played a magical character credited as 'The granter of wishes' in the Hallmark version of \"\". In 2007, he played the Viking leader opposite Karl Urban in \"Pathfinder\". He starred in several independent films in 2008: \"The Burrowers\", screened at the Toronto International Film Festival in 2008, and released in the United States on DVD in April 2009, and \"The Twenty\". He appeared in Steven Soderbergh's 2009 film \"The Informant!\" opposite Matt Damon in which he played an attorney. He also portrayed Alan Smith in Samuel Bayer's 2010 remake of the horror film \"A Nightmare on Elm Street\". In 2011, he appeared in \"Cowboys & Aliens\" (directed by Jon Favreau) with Daniel Craig, Harrison Ford and Olivia Wilde. He was cast as the voice of \"The Goon\" in the"
},
{
"title": "Clancy Brown",
"text": " animated feature film. He also starred as Albert Marconi in the film adaptation of the David Wong novel \"John Dies at the End\", directed by Don Coscarelli. Brown was a series regular on the science fiction series \"Earth 2\" from 1994 to 1995, playing the role of John Danziger. Brown was notable as the sinister preacher Brother Justin Crowe in the HBO series \"Carnivàle\". Though the series only ran for two seasons, \"Carnivàle\" has attained a cult popularity and his performance was applauded by critics for showcasing a new side to his acting talents. He also starred in the Showtime production \"In the Company of Spies\" and the HBO film \"Cast a Deadly Spell\". As conservative United States Attorney General Jock Jeffcoat, he was one of the primary antagonists in seasons three and four of the Showtime series \"Billions\". He has also made many guest appearances on various television series including \"ER\", the \"\" episode \"Desert Crossing\" as Zobral, \"Lost\" as Kelvin Joe Inman, and former baseball player (and investment scam mark) Rudy Blue on \"The Riches\". Brown also appeared as the frontiersman Simon Kenton, the key to America's westward expansion, in"
},
{
"title": "Clancy Brown",
"text": " the 2000 Kentucky Educational Television production \"A Walk with Simon Kenton\". Kenton resembled Brown in stature and is buried in Brown's hometown. Brown most recently appeared as Hart Sterling, founding partner of fictional law firm Sterling, Huddle, Oppenheim & Craft in ABC's \"The Deep End\". He also guest starred on the \"Leverage\" series episode \"The Gone Fishin Job\" and on \"The Dukes of Hazzard\" sixth-season episode \"Too Many Roscos\". Currently, he appears on The CW's TV production of \"The Flash\" in the recurring guest-star role of General Wade Eiling. He has also portrayed Ray Schoonover in the \"Daredevil\" episodes \"Guilty as Sin\" and \"The Dark at the End of the Tunnel\" and \"The Punisher\" episode \"Kandahar\". He played Sheriff Joe Corbin in \"Sleepy Hollow\". In 2022, Brown joined the cast of \"The Boys\" spin-off series \"Gen V\" in an undisclosed role.</s><s>Career.:Voice-over work. As a voice-over actor, Brown has appeared in several video games, usually playing an antagonistic character. He lends his voice to several of the crystallized dragons in the PlayStation"
},
{
"title": "Clancy Brown",
"text": " game \"Spyro the Dragon\". He voiced the corrupt Baron Praxis in the PlayStation 2 video game \"Jak II\"; Doctor Neo Cortex and Uka Uka in a number of the \"Crash Bandicoot\" video games; Montross (a Mandalorian rival of Jango Fett) in \"\"; Hades in \"God of War III\"; Thrall in the cancelled video game \"\"; Scourgelord Tyrannus in \"\"; the conniving Alderman Richard Hughes in the Xbox 360 game \"Saints Row\"; and the cynical, foul-mouthed Lt. Anderson in \"\". For animated television series, he voiced several characters (Hakon, Tomas Brod and Wolf) in the series \"Gargoyles\"; Tanuki Gonta in the English language dub of \"Pom Poko\" (1994); Raiden on the animated series \"\"; a Hessian trooper in \"The Night of the Headless Horseman\" (1999); billionaire Maxmilian Speil in \"\"; and five of the six members of Legion Ex Machina in \"Big Guy and Rusty the Boy Robot\". Since 1999, he has played the role of Mr. Krabs of \"SpongeBob SquarePants\" (as well as \"The Sponge"
},
{
"title": "Clancy Brown",
"text": "Bob SquarePants Movie\" and its two sequels \" and \"). From 2000 to 2005, he played several roles (Captain Black, Ratso and the animated moose doll Super Moose) on \"Jackie Chan Adventures\". He also voiced Vice-Principal Pangborn in \"All Grown Up!\", Barkmeat in \"Catscratch\", Otto in \"Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!\" (which also stars fellow \"SpongeBob\" co-star Tom Kenny, who voices Gibson) and Gorrath in \"Megas XLR\". For Disney, he has played roles such as the Dark Dragon in \"\", the Ugly Bald Guy in the movie \"\", as well as Undertow in \"\", and he also made a guest appearance in the \"Kim Possible\" episode \"Oh, No! Yono\" where he played the titular character. He also lent his voice to King Frederick in the Disney Channel series \"Rapunzel's Tangled Adventure\" and the Disney Channel movie \"\". For Nickelodeon, Brown has voiced several characters in the \"Avatar\" franchise, such as corrupt Dai Li leader Long Feng in \"\" in 2006 and top gangster Yakone in \"The Legend of Korra\" in 2012. He guest-star"
},
{
"title": "Clancy Brown",
"text": "red in as the Demon Cat and the narrator for the opening and closing quotes in the episode. Brown also voices Destro in \"\"; Jeff Fischer's biological father in \"American Dad!\"; Grune the Destroyer in the \"ThunderCats\" reboot; and the recurring role of Agent Silas in \"\". From 2011 to 2013, Brown voiced Savage Opress, Count Dooku's new apprentice and Darth Maul's brother, in \"\". He starred as Chris \"Dogpound or Rahzar\" Bradford, Shredder's top henchman, in the 2012 \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" television series. From the third quarter of 2014, Brown began doing voice-overs as the main talent for Chevy truck national and regional television commercials. On March 21, 2016, Brown began voicing a new character to the series, Red Death, a parody of the Marvel villain Red Skull, in \"The Venture Brothers\" episode \"Red Means Stop\". He continued this role in season 7, and was signed to appear in season 8 before the show's cancellation.</s><s>Career.:Voice-over work.:DC Universe. Brown is well known for voicing the villainous Lex Luthor in various animated media for over twelve years. He first voiced Luthor in the DCAU, starting with"
},
{
"title": "Clancy Brown",
"text": " \"\" (where he had originally auditioned for the role of Superman) and reprised his role in the subsequent animated series \"Justice League\" and \"Justice League Unlimited\". He also voiced the character in the video game \"\" as well as \"The Batman\" cartoon series. Brown later again played Luthor in the 2009 animated film \"\". He also voiced a character under the name Rohtul (which is Luthor spelled backwards) in \"\" (while Kevin Michael Richardson provided the voice of the actual character). Brown once again voiced Lex in the video games \"\", \"\" and \"Lego DC Super Villains\". From all these vocal appearances, Brown has played Lex Luthor longer than any other actor in history, including his own \"Justice League\" co-star Michael Rosenbaum (in \"Smallville\"). Brown is also known for his voice work as villains in various DC animated series, movies, television shows, and video games: Charlie \"Big Time\" Bigelow on \"Batman Beyond\", Trident on the \"Teen Titans\" cartoon series, Mr. Freeze and Bane on \"The Batman\" cartoon series, Per Degaton in \"\", Parallax in the live-action \"Green Lantern\" film, King Faraday in the \"Young Justice\" cartoon series, and General Zartok"
},
{
"title": "Clancy Brown",
"text": " in \"\". He appeared on The CW's \"The Flash\" recurring in the first season as General Wade Eiling.</s><s>Career.:Voice-over work.:Marvel Universe. Brown has also voiced various Marvel characters in various animated projects: Sasquatch on \"The Incredible Hulk\" 1996 cartoon series, several characters (George Stacy, Rhino and Ox) on \"The Spectacular Spider-Man\", Mr. Sinister on \"Wolverine and the X-Men\", Odin in \"\", and both Red Hulk and Taskmaster on \"Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H.\" and the \"Ultimate Spider-Man\" cartoon series. In \"Daredevil\" and \"The Punisher\" he plays Major Schoonover, Frank Castle's former commanding officer. In \"\", he voices the fire demon Surtur.</s><s>Further reading. -</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Clancy Brown",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "North America"
}
|
factscore-000305
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Gary Woodland.
|
[
{
"title": "Gary Woodland",
"text": "<s>Gary Woodland Gary Woodland (born May 21, 1984) is an American professional golfer who plays on the PGA Tour. Woodland won the U.S. Open in 2019, his first major championship and sixth professional victory. Following a successful college career, he turned pro in 2007 and briefly competed on the circuit then known as the Nationwide Tour, now the Korn Ferry Tour. Woodland has competed on the PGA Tour since 2009 and has four wins.</s><s>Early life. Woodland was born in Topeka, Kansas, the son of Dan and Linda Woodland. He attended Shawnee Heights High School in the suburb of Tecumseh. After high school, he attended Washburn University in Topeka on a basketball scholarship, but left after his freshman year to attend the University of Kansas in Lawrence on a golf scholarship. He studied sociology while at KU. Woodland had a successful college golf career, winning four tournaments before turning professional in 2007.</s><s>Professional career. After turning professional, Woodland played in a handful of tournaments on the Nationwide Tour in 2007 and 2008. At the end of the 2008 season, he entered the Qualifying school for the PGA Tour, and finished in a tie for 11th, which was good"
},
{
"title": "Gary Woodland",
"text": " enough to earn him a full card to play on the PGA Tour in 2009. However, he struggled for form in his debut season, making just eight cuts in 18 appearances before a shoulder injury cut his golfing year short in July. In 2010, Woodland divided his time between the PGA and Nationwide Tours. He continued to struggle for his best form but did not record a single top ten finish on either tour. He did display enough consistency to finish 92nd in the Nationwide Tour money list. Once again, he entered the season-ending qualifying school, and again he finished T-11, to secure a return to full PGA Tour status. Woodland's second tournament of 2011 was the Bob Hope Classic, where he and Jhonattan Vegas finished tied for first place at 27-under-par; Vegas edged out Woodland in a playoff for the title. This was his first top-10 finish on either of the two main tours. In March 2011, Woodland won his first PGA Tour title at the Transitions Championship by one stroke when fellow American Webb Simpson missed a par putt on the final hole. Just a few moments earlier Woodland had scrambled a fantastic par from the same position as Simpson on the last, after hitting his second shot"
},
{
"title": "Gary Woodland",
"text": " over the back of the green. This win secured Woodland a place at the 2011 Masters Tournament and also elevated him to what was then a career high 53rd in the Official World Golf Ranking. He later earned an invitation into the U.S. Open after moving into the Top 50. He left the tournament with an OWGR ranking of 39th. In November 2011, he won the Omega Mission Hills World Cup with Matt Kuchar. He finished 2011 ranked 17th on the PGA Tour money list and 51st in the OWGR. He had ended 2009 ranked 962 and 2010 591. Woodland reached the final of the 2015 WGC-Cadillac Match Play, where he lost to Rory McIlroy, and moved to a career-best 32nd in the OWGR. In February 2018, Woodland won his third PGA Tour event, at the Waste Management Phoenix Open in a sudden-death playoff over Chez Reavie. After finishing tied at 18 under, Woodland won with a par on the first extra hole to end a five-year drought on tour. Woodland moved up to fifth in the season's FedEx Cup standings. Woodland held the 36-hole lead at the PGA Championship in 2018 with a total 130"
},
{
"title": "Gary Woodland",
"text": ", which was a tournament record through the first two rounds. He led by a stroke over Kevin Kisner at the halfway stage. He started the final round at nine under par, three shots behind leader Brooks Koepka. He finished in a tie for sixth with a score of 10 under par, six strokes behind the winner Koepka. In January 2019, Woodland held the lead entering the final round at the winners-only Sentry Tournament of Champions at Kapalua Resort in Maui, Hawaii. He shot a five-under-par 68 but still lost to champion Xander Schauffele who shot a course record-tying 62. In February 2019, Woodland invited Amy Bockerstette, a collegiate golfer with Down syndrome, to play the par-3 16th hole at TPC Scottsdale during a Tuesday practice round at the Waste Management Phoenix Open. After hitting her tee shot into a greenside bunker, Bockerstette surprised Woodland by parring the hole in front of a roaring crowd. The PGA Tour's video capturing the moment went viral, receiving 43 million views across various social media platforms. At the U.S. Open in June 2019, Woodland held the 54-hole lead at Pebble Beach Golf Links"
},
{
"title": "Gary Woodland",
"text": ". On Sunday, he shot a 2-under-par 69 for 271 (−13), which gave him a three-shot margin over the runner-up, two-time defending champion Koepka. Woodland became the fourth champion in U.S. Open history who was double-digits under-par. The victory was his first major and his sixth professional win. In his previous thirty starts in majors, Woodland had only carded two top-ten finishes, both in the PGA Championship (2018, 2019). The win at the U.S. Open moved him from 25th to 12th in the Official World Golf Ranking. At the post-win press conference, Woodland FaceTimed Bockerstette live, telling her \"I used your positive energy.\" Two days later, Woodland joined Bockerstette with a surprise appearance on \"The Today Show\" where, pointing to the U.S. Open trophy in Bockerstette's hands, he told her \"We won this together.\" In December 2019, Woodland played on the U.S. team at the 2019 Presidents Cup at Royal Melbourne Golf Club in Australia. The U.S. team won 16–14. Woodland went 1–2–1 and lost"
},
{
"title": "Gary Woodland",
"text": " his Sunday singles match against Im Sung-jae.</s><s>Amateur wins. - 2005 (2) Cleveland State Invitational, Kansas Amateur - 2006 (1) Kansas Invitational - 2007 (3) All-American Golf Classic, Louisiana Classics, Kansas Amateur</s><s>Professional wins (6).</s><s>Professional wins (6).:PGA Tour wins (4). PGA Tour playoff record (1–2)</s><s>Professional wins (6).:Adams Pro Tour wins (1). - 2008 Southwest Kansas Pro-Am</s><s>Major championships.</s><s>Major championships.:Results timeline. \"Results not in chronological order in 2020.\" CUT = missed the half-way cutbr WD = withdrewbr \"T\" indicates a tie for a placebr NT = No tournament due to COVID-19 pandemic</s><s>Major championships.:Summary. - Most consecutive cuts made – 6 (twice) - Longest streak of top-10s – 2 (2019 PGA – 2019 U.S. Open)</s><s>Results in The Players Championship. CUT = missed the halfway cutbr \"T\" indicates a tie for a placebr C = Canceled after the first round due to the COVID-19 pandemic</s><s>Results in World Golf Championships"
},
{
"title": "Gary Woodland",
"text": ". \"Results not in chronological order before 2015.\" Cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemicbr QF, R16, R32, R64 = Round in which player lost in match playbr NT = No tournamentbr \"T\" = Tied</s><s>U.S. national team appearances. Professional - World Cup: 2011 (winners) - Presidents Cup: 2019 (winners)</s><s>See also. - 2008 PGA Tour Qualifying School graduates - 2010 PGA Tour Qualifying School graduates</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Gary Woodland",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "North America"
}
|
factscore-000306
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Bif Naked.
|
[
{
"title": "Bif Naked",
"text": "<s>Bif Naked Beth Torbert is a Canadian singer best known by her stage name Bif Naked. Between 1996 and 2016, she was among the top 150 selling Canadian artists in Canada.</s><s>Early life and education. Bif Naked was born in New Delhi, India, to teenage parents attending private school. She was subsequently adopted by American missionaries. She spent part of her childhood in Lexington, Kentucky, where her father was a professor at the University of Kentucky. She went to Kelsey Elementary School in The Pas, Manitoba, for a couple of years. After living for a time in Dauphin, Manitoba, her family eventually settled in Winnipeg.{{cite magazine }} She graduated from John Taylor Collegiate and studied theatre at the University of Winnipeg. After University, she began pursuing a career as a stand-up comic. The name \"Bif\" started as a nickname based on the mispronunciation of her real name, Beth.</s><s>Career. After spending several years singing with several underground bands, Bif Naked independently released a self-titled solo album, \"Bif Naked\", in 1994, and \"I Bificus\" in 1998. In 1999 she toured across Canada. Another solo album, \"Purge\" was released in"
},
{
"title": "Bif Naked",
"text": " 2001. She also released a spoken word album called \"Okenspay Ordway: Things I Forgot To Tell Mommy\". In 2005, after narrowing it down from over fifty songs, she released \"Superbeautifulmonster\", which featured thirteen tracks. \"The Promise\", which was recorded while Bif was undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer, was released in 2009 and was dedicated to her fans. The album featured tracks mixed by Juno Award winner Mike Fraser. In 2011, after doing acoustic sets on tour, Bif released an acoustic record on Her Royal Majesty's Records late-2013, featuring acoustic versions of her past songs as well as four previously unreleased tracks. The album is entitled \"BIF NAKED FOREVER: Acoustic Hits and Other Delights\". Bif has also been involved on a side project, \"Jakkarta\". Prior to her solo career, Torbert played with punk bands Gorilla Gorilla and Chrome Dog. She has toured Europe, the United States, and Canada as a headlining act, and has performed on bills with: Snoop Dogg, Billy Idol, Dido, Devin Townsend, Sarah McLachlan, Sheryl Crow, Chrissie Hynde, Foo Fighters, The Cult, Prodigy, Sm"
},
{
"title": "Bif Naked",
"text": "ashing Pumpkins, Ministry, Green Day, and many more. Bif's music has been featured in and on soundtracks for shows including \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\", \"Charmed\", \"Moonlight\", \"\", \"Ready To Rumble\", \"The West Wing\" and \"Celebrity Deathmatch\". She recorded a rendition of the Christmas classic, \"I Saw Mommy Kissing Santa Claus\" for MTV's \"Total Request Live\" CD \"\" in 1999 and was also featured on the \"Ready to Rumble\" soundtrack with a cover of Twisted Sister's \"We're Not Gonna Take It\". (which was additionally used as David Arquette's entrance theme while he was on WCW Monday Nitro). The song \"Dawn\", taken from \"Purge\", was featured in the film \"American Psycho 2\", starring Mila Kunis and William Shatner. She made a guest appearance in the song \"Fucker\", on Strapping Young Lad's album \"The New Black\" in 2006. Bif Naked has also made guest appearances with artists such as SNFU on the songs \"One Last Loveshove\" and \"You Make Me Thick\". She also appeared on the Dead Celebrity Status album \"Blood Music\" on the track titled \"In This"
},
{
"title": "Bif Naked",
"text": " Day and Age\". In 2011, she recorded a duet with Vancouver-based yogi and Nettwerk recording artist Will Blunderfield for the international version of his album \"Hallelujah\". Bif Naked has also appeared in music videos for other artists including: The Offspring's \"The Kids Aren't Alright\", \"Believe Me\" and \"Silver\" by Moist and Liveonrelease's \"Get with It.\" In 2009, she appeared in the video for Simple Plan's \"Save You\" near the end along with other people (such as Sharon Osbourne and René Angélil) who have survived or have been treated for cancer. Aside from her music career, Bif has also pursued acting. In 1990, she appeared in the film \"Archangel\", where she was credited as \"Bif Torbert,\" playing a Russian soldier. In 1997, she played a liquor store manager in \"The Boys Club\". She appeared in the television series \"Once a Thief\" in 1998, playing Nastassja Momomame. In 2000, she voiced the character Alison in the \"Daria\" movie, \"Is It Fall Yet?\", playing a bisexual art camp attendee who attempts to seduce Jane Lane. She appeared in the"
},
{
"title": "Bif Naked",
"text": " Canadian indie films \"Lunch with Charles\" (2001) and \"Crossing\" (2005), the latter of which she recorded the song \"My Greatest Masterpiece\" for. She has done hosting work for the CBC Television series \"ZeD\" (becoming their first host in 2002), and for Bodog, hosting \"Bodog Fight\" in 2006 as well as a reality series chronicling the days leading up to her marriage with Vancouver Sun sports writer, Ian Walker, in 2007 called \"Bif Naked Bride\". She voiced the character Zoe Payne in the \"SSX\" video game series and \"Sled Storm\". In 2003, she made a cameo appearance in the zombie horror film \"The House of the Dead\". That same year, she appeared as a judge of a fictitious reality show in the TV series \"Cold Squad\". In 2006, she guest starred on an episode of \"The L Word,\" playing a character named Cynthia. In addition, Bif Naked has appeared as herself in \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\", \"\" and \"The Chris Isaak Show\". Bif Naked also narrated the TV series \"That's Art?!\" (2012). In 2021, Bif appeared as a guest judge on an episode of the second season of \"Canada's Drag Race"
},
{
"title": "Bif Naked",
"text": ".\"</s><s>Personal life. She is heavily tattooed, getting her first tattoo (an Egyptian Eye of Horus) when she was sixteen years old. Her tattoos include: a symbol of the Tao, Japanese writing, Buddhist poetry and images (such as the Bodhisattva), and Hindu imagery; she has stated on MTV that her favorite tattoo, on her left arm, reads \"Survivor.\" Bif identifies as poly amorous pan sexual. She is also a comic cartoonist Her first marriage, which lasted six months, was to her drummer Brett Hopkins in Gorilla Gorilla. She then married former \"Vancouver Sun\" sports writer Ian Walker in 2007; they divorced in 2011. In January 2008, she announced that she had been diagnosed with breast cancer, and underwent a lumpectomy and chemotherapy. Bif Naked spoke at the University of the Fraser Valley for International Women's Day on March 8, 2013, at the Abbotsford campus; it was announced she would be awarded an honorary doctorate from the university in June 2013. In 2015, she became engaged to Steve Allen, a friend of her former bandmate Jacen Ekstrom. They married on July 30, 2016 and separated in 2022. Bif is a vegan.</s><s>Band membership."
},
{
"title": "Bif Naked",
"text": "</s><s>Band membership.:Current band members. - Bif Naked – vocals, background vocals - Doug Fury – guitar - Chiko Misomali – drums, background vocals - Peter Karroll – bass</s><s>Band membership.:Past members. - Steve Allen - Guitar - Ferdy Belland - Bass - Alley Artico – Guitar - Alex Arundel aka XFactor (aka Gene Poole, co-writer of \"Chotee\") – guitar - Kuryakin – synths and bass backup vocals - Corrine Culbertson CoCo – bass - Mike Sage – drums - Doug Fury (now in Scatterheart) – guitar, bass, co-writer and co-producer - Gail Greenwood (Belly/L7) – bass - Scotty McCarger – drums - Chris Crippin (Everything After/Hedley) – drums - Randy Black (Annihilator) – drums - Jacen Ekstrom (Neurosonic/CrashScene) – bass (deceased) - John Bates (Big John Bates) - guitar - Gillian Hanna – guitar (deceased) - Britt Black – guitar - Rich Priske – bass (deceased) - Scott Cooke – bass - Tim Smyth –"
},
{
"title": "Bif Naked",
"text": " bass - Greg Mark (Juno-nominated Vancouver psychedelic pop band Templar) – guitar - Sean Stubbs – drums - Adam (ATOM) Percy (Econoline Crush) – keyboards - Dan Yaremko (Econoline Crush)/(D.O.A.) – bass - Lamar Engel – (vocalist/musician for art rock band An Opiate for Angels) – bass - Dave Martone – bass - Gabe Cipes – bass - Joe Veltri – bass</s><s>Discography.</s><s>Discography.:Studio albums. - \"Bif Naked\" – 1994 - \"I Bificus\" – 1998 (CRIA – Platinum) - \"Purge\" – 2001 (CRIA – Gold) - \"Superbeautifulmonster\" – 2005 (#12 CAN) - \"The Promise\" – 2009 (#30 CAN) - \"Champion\" – 2023</s><s>Discography.:EPs and compilations. - \"Four Songs and a Poem\" – 1994 - \"Okenspay Ordway: Things I Forgot to Tell Mommy\" – 1997 - \"Another 5 Songs and a Poem\" – 2000 - \"Essentially Naked\" – 2003 - \"\" – 2012</s><s>Discography.:Music videos"
},
{
"title": "Bif Naked",
"text": ". - \"Everything\" (1994) - \"My Whole Life\" - \"Tell on You\" - \"Never Alone\" - \"Daddy's Getting Married\" (directed by William Morrison 1996) - \"Spaceman\" - \"Lucky\" (co-directed by Peter Karroll) - \"Moment of Weakness\" (1999) (directed by Marcos Siega) - \"We're Not Gonna Take It\" - \"Chotee\" - \"Twitch\" (1999) (directed by Peter Karroll) - \"I Love Myself Today\" - \"Tango Shoes\" (directed by Neill Blomkamp (District 9 / Chappie) - \"Choking in the Truth\" (directed by Neill Blomkamp (District 9 / Chappie) - \"Back in the Day\" (co-directed by Peter Karroll) - \"Rich and Filthy\" - \"Let Down\" (directed by Peter Karroll) - \"Nothing Else Matters\" - \"Everyday\" (directed by Peter Karroll) - \"My Greatest Masterpiece\" (2007) - \"Fuck You 2\" (2009) - \"Sick\" (2009) - \"King of Karma\" (2009) - \"Only One\""
},
{
"title": "Bif Naked",
"text": " 2016 directed by Coco Karroll - \"Heavy\" 2018 directed by Peter Karroll - \"Jim\" (2020)</s><s>See also. - Canadian rock - Music of Canada</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Bif Naked",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "North America"
}
|
factscore-000307
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Michael Collins (astronaut).
|
[
{
"title": "Michael Collins (astronaut)",
"text": "<s>Michael Collins (astronaut) Michael Collins (October 31, 1930 – April 28, 2021) was an American astronaut who flew the Apollo 11 command module \"Columbia\" around the Moon in 1969 while his crewmates, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin, made the first crewed landing on the surface. He was also a test pilot and major general in the U.S. Air Force Reserve. Born in Rome, Italy, where his father was stationed at the time, Collins graduated in the Class of 1952 from the United States Military Academy. He followed his father, brother, uncle, and cousin into the military. He joined the United States Air Force, and flew F-86 Sabre fighters at Chambley-Bussières Air Base, France. He was accepted into the U.S. Air Force Experimental Flight Test Pilot School at Edwards Air Force Base in 1960, also graduating from the Aerospace Research Pilot School (Class III). Selected as part of NASA's third group of 14 astronauts in 1963, Collins flew in space twice. His first spaceflight was on Gemini 10 in 1966, in which he and Command Pilot John Young performed orbital rendezvous with two spacecraft and undertook two extravehicular activities (EVAs, also known as spacewalks)."
},
{
"title": "Michael Collins (astronaut)",
"text": " On the 1969 Apollo 11 mission, he became one of 24 people to fly to the Moon, which he orbited thirty times. He was the fourth person (and third American) to perform a spacewalk, the first person to have performed more than one spacewalk, and, after Young, who flew the command module on Apollo 10, the second person to orbit the Moon alone. After retiring from NASA in 1970, Collins took a job in the Department of State as Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs. A year later, he became the director of the National Air and Space Museum, and held this position until 1978, when he stepped down to become undersecretary of the Smithsonian Institution. In 1980, he took a job as vice president of LTV Aerospace. He resigned in 1985 to start his own consulting firm. Along with his Apollo 11 crewmates, Collins was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1969 and the Congressional Gold Medal in 2011.</s><s>Early life. Collins was born on October 31, 1930, in Rome, Italy. He was the second son of James Lawton Collins (1882–1963), a career U.S. Army officer, who was the U.S. military attaché there from 1928 to 1932, and Virginia C"
},
{
"title": "Michael Collins (astronaut)",
"text": ". Collins ( Stewart; 1895–1986). Collins had an older brother, James Lawton Collins Jr. (1917–2002), and two older sisters, Virginia and Agnes. Collins' mother was of British descent, and his father's family hailed from Ireland. For the first 17 years of his life, Collins lived in many places as the Army posted his father to different locations; Rome, Oklahoma; Governors Island, New York; Fort Hoyle (near Baltimore, Maryland); Fort Hayes (near Columbus, Ohio); Puerto Rico; San Antonio, Texas; and Alexandria, Virginia. He took his first plane ride in Puerto Rico aboard a Grumman Widgeon; the pilot allowed him to fly it for a portion of the flight. He wanted to fly again, but since World War II started soon after, he was unable. He studied for two years in the Academia del Perpetuo Socorro in San Juan, Puerto Rico. After the United States entered World War II, the family moved to Washington, D.C., where Collins attended St. Albans School and graduated in 1948. His mother wanted him to enter the diplomatic service, but he decided to follow his father, two uncles, brother, and cousin into the armed services. He"
},
{
"title": "Michael Collins (astronaut)",
"text": " received an appointment to the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, from which his father and his older brother had graduated in 1907 and 1939 respectively. He graduated on June 3, 1952, with a Bachelor of Science degree in military science, finishing 185th of 527 cadets in the class, which included future fellow astronaut Ed White. Collins' decision to join the United States Air Force (USAF) was motivated by both the wonder of what the next fifty years might bring in aeronautics, and to avoid accusations of nepotism had he joined the Army—where his brother was already a colonel, his father had reached the rank of major general and his uncle, General J. Lawton Collins (1896–1987), was the Chief of Staff of the United States Army. The Air Force Academy, still under construction, would not graduate its first class for several years. In the interim, graduates of the Military Academy were eligible for Air Force commissions. Promotion was slower in the Air Force than in the Army, due to the large number of young officers who had been commissioned and promoted during World War II.</s><s>Military service.</s><s>Military service.:Fighter pilot. Collins began basic flight training in the T-6 Texan at Columbus"
},
{
"title": "Michael Collins (astronaut)",
"text": " Air Force Base in Columbus, Mississippi, in August 1952, then moved on to San Marcos Air Force Base in Texas to learn instrument and formation flying, and finally to James Connally Air Force Base in Waco, Texas, for training in jet aircraft. Flying came easily to him, and unlike many of his colleagues, he had little fear of failure. He was awarded his wings upon completion of the course at Waco, and in September 1953, he was chosen for advanced day-fighter training at Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada, flying F-86 Sabres. The training was dangerous; eleven people were killed in accidents during the 22 weeks he was there. This was followed by an assignment in January 1954 to the 21st Fighter-Bomber Wing at George Air Force Base, California, where he learned ground attack and nuclear weapons delivery techniques in the F-86. He moved with the 21st to Chambley-Bussières Air Base, France, in December 1954. He won first prize in a 1956 gunnery competition. During a NATO exercise that year, he was forced to eject from an F-86, near Chaumont-Semoutiers AB, after a fire started aft of the cockpit. Collins met his future wife, Patricia"
},
{
"title": "Michael Collins (astronaut)",
"text": " Mary Finnegan from Boston, Massachusetts, in an officers' mess. A graduate of Emmanuel College, where she majored in English, she was a social worker, dealing mainly with single mothers. To see more of the world, she was working for the Air Force service club. After getting engaged, they had to overcome a difference in religion. Collins was nominally Episcopalian, while Finnegan came from a staunchly Roman Catholic family. After seeking permission to marry from Finnegan's father, and delaying their wedding when Collins was redeployed to West Germany during the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, they married in 1957. They had a daughter, actress Kate Collins, in 1959, a second daughter, Ann, in 1961 and a son, Michael, in 1963. After Collins returned to the United States in late 1957, he attended an aircraft maintenance officer course at Chanute Air Force Base, Illinois. He would later describe this school as \"dismal\" in his autobiography; he found the classwork boring, flying time scarce, and the equipment outdated. Upon completing the course, he commanded a Mobile Training Detachment (MTD) and traveled to air bases around the world. The detachment trained mechanics on the servicing of new aircraft, and pilots how to"
},
{
"title": "Michael Collins (astronaut)",
"text": " fly them. He later became the first commander of a Field Training Detachment (FTD 523) back at Nellis AFB, which was a similar kind of unit, except that the students traveled to him.</s><s>Military service.:Test pilot. Collins' MTD posting allowed him to accumulate over 1,500 flying hours, the minimum required for admission to the USAF Experimental Flight Test Pilot School at Edwards Air Force Base, California. His application was successful, and on August 29, 1960, he became a member of Class 60C, which included Frank Borman, Jim Irwin and Tom Stafford, who later became astronauts. Military test pilot instruction started with the North American T-28 Trojan, and proceeded through the high performance F-86 Sabre, B-57 Canberra, T-33 Shooting Star, and the F-104 Starfighter. Collins was a heavy smoker, but quit in 1962 after suffering a particularly bad hangover. The next day, he spent what he described as the worst four hours of his life in the co-pilot's seat of a B-52 Stratofortress while going through the initial stages of nicotine withdrawal. The inspiration for Collins in his decision to become a NASA astronaut was the Mercury Atlas 6 flight of John Glenn on"
},
{
"title": "Michael Collins (astronaut)",
"text": " February 20, 1962, and the thought of being able to circle the Earth in 90 minutes. Collins applied for the second group of astronauts that year. To raise the numbers of Air Force pilots selected, the Air Force sent their best applicants to a \"charm school\". Medical and psychiatric examinations at Brooks Air Force Base, Texas, and interviews at the Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC) in Houston followed. In mid-September, he found out he had not been accepted. It was a blow even though he did not expect to be selected. Collins rated the second group of nine as better than the Mercury Seven who preceded them, or the five groups that followed, including his own. That year the USAF Experimental Flight Test Pilot School became the USAF Aerospace Research Pilot School (ARPS), as the Air Force tried to enter into space research through the X-15 and X-20 programs. Collins applied for a new postgraduate course offered into the basics of spaceflight. He was accepted into the third class on October 22, 1962. Other students in his eleven-member class included three future astronauts: Charles Bassett, Edward Givens and Joe Engle. Along with classwork, they also flew up to about in F-104 Starfighters. As they passed"
},
{
"title": "Michael Collins (astronaut)",
"text": " through the top of their arc, they would experience a brief period of weightlessness. On finishing this course he returned to fighter operations in May 1963. At the start of June, NASA once again called for astronaut applications. Collins went through the same process as with his first application, though he did not take the psychiatric evaluation. He was at Randolph Air Force Base, Texas, on October 14 when Deke Slayton, the Chief of the Astronaut Office at NASA, called and asked if he was still interested in becoming an astronaut. Charles Bassett was also accepted. By this time Collins had flown over 3,000 hours, of which 2,700 were in jet aircraft.</s><s>Space program. Compared with the first two groups of astronauts, the third group of fourteen astronauts, which included Collins, was younger, with an average age of 31—the first two groups had an average age of 34.5 and 32.5 at their time of selection—and was better educated, with an average of 5.6 years of tertiary education; but they had fewer flying hours—2,300 on average compared with 3,500 and 2,800 for the first two groups, and only eight of the fourteen were test pilots. Of the thirty astronauts selected in the first"
},
{
"title": "Michael Collins (astronaut)",
"text": " three groups, only Collins and his third group colleague William Anders were born outside the United States, and Collins was the only one with an older brother; all the rest were the eldest or only sons in their families. Training began with a 240-hour course on the basics of spaceflight. Fifty-eight hours of this was devoted to geology, something Collins did not readily understand and in which he never became very interested. At the end, Alan Shepard, the Chief of the Astronaut Office, asked the fourteen to rank their fellow astronauts in the order they would want to fly with them in space. Collins picked David Scott in the number one position.</s><s>Space program.:Project Gemini.</s><s>Space program.:Project Gemini.:Crew assignments. After this basic training, the third group was assigned specializations. Collins received his first choice: pressure suits and extravehicular activities (EVAs, also known as spacewalks). His job was to monitor development and act as a liaison between the Astronaut Office and contractors. He was disturbed by the secretive planning of Ed White's EVA on Gemini 4, because he was not involved despite being the person with the greatest knowledge of the subject. In late June 1965, Collins received his first crew assignment: the backup pilot for"
},
{
"title": "Michael Collins (astronaut)",
"text": " Gemini 7, with his West Point classmate Ed White named as the backup mission commander. Collins was the first of the fourteen to receive a crew assignment, but the first to fly was Scott on Gemini 8, and Charles Bassett was assigned to Gemini 9. Under the system of crew rotation established by Slayton, being on the backup crew of Gemini7 set Collins up to pilot Gemini 10. Gemini7 was commanded by Borman, whom Collins knew well from their days at Edwards, with Jim Lovell as the pilot. Collins made a point of providing a daily briefing to their wives, Susan Borman and Marilyn Lovell, on the progress of the two-week Gemini7 mission. After the successful completion of Gemini7 on January 24, 1966, Collins was assigned to the prime crew of Gemini 10, but with John Young as mission commander, as White moved on to the Apollo program. Jim Lovell and Buzz Aldrin were designated as the backup commander and pilot respectively. The arrangements were disturbed on February 28 by the deaths of the Gemini9 crew, Charles Bassett and Elliot See, in the 1966 NASA T-38 crash. They were replaced on Gemini9 by their backups, Stafford and Gene Cernan. Cernan was the second of the fourteen to fly in"
},
{
"title": "Michael Collins (astronaut)",
"text": " space. Lovell and Aldrin became their backups, and Alan Bean and C.C. Williams took their place as the Gemini 10 backup crew. Collins would be the seventeenth American, and third member of his group, to fly in space. Training for Gemini 10 was interrupted in March when Slayton diverted Young, Collins and Williams to represent their respective services on a panel to select another group of astronauts, along with himself, Shepard, spacecraft designer Max Faget, and astronaut training officer Warren J. North. Young protested the loss of a week's training to no avail. Applying strict criteria for age, flying experience and education reduced the number of applicants to 35. The panel interviewed each for an hour, and rated nineteen as qualified. Collins was surprised when Slayton elected to take them all. Slayton later admitted that he too had doubts; he already had enough astronauts for Project Apollo as far as the first Moon landing, but post-Apollo plans were for up to 30 missions. Such a large intake therefore seemed prudent. Ten of the nineteen had test pilot experience, and seven were graduates of the ARPS.</s><s>Space program.:Project Gemini.:Gemini 10. Fifteen scientific experiments were carried on Gemini 10—more than any other Gemini mission"
},
{
"title": "Michael Collins (astronaut)",
"text": " except the two-week-long Gemini 7. After Gemini 9's EVA ran into problems, the remaining Gemini objectives had to be completed on the last three flights. While the overall number of objectives increased, the difficulty of Collins' EVA was scaled significantly back. There was no backpack or astronaut maneuvering unit (AMU), as there had been on Gemini 8. Their three-day mission called for them to rendezvous with two Agena Target Vehicles, undertake two EVAs, and perform 15 different experiments. The training went smoothly, as the crew learned the intricacies of orbital rendezvous, controlling the Agena and, for Collins, the EVA. For what was to be the fourth ever EVA, underwater training was not performed, mostly because Collins did not have the time. To train to use the nitrogen gun he would use for propulsion, a smooth metal surface about the size of a boxing ring was set up. He would stand on a circular pad that used gas jets to raise itself off the surface. Using the nitrogen gun he would practice propelling himself across the \"slippery table\". Gemini 10 lifted off from Launch Complex 19 at Cape Canaveral at 05:20 local time on July 18, 1966. Upon reaching orbit, it was about behind the Ag"
},
{
"title": "Michael Collins (astronaut)",
"text": "ena target vehicle, which had been launched 100 minutes earlier. A rendezvous was achieved on Gemini 10's fourth orbit at 10:43, followed by docking at 11:13. The mission plan called for multiple dockings with the Agena target, but an error by Collins in using the sextant caused them to burn valuable propellant, resulting in Mission Control calling off this objective to conserve propellant. Once docked, the Agena 10 propulsion system was activated to boost the astronauts to a new altitude record, above the Earth, breaking the previous record of set by Voskhod 2. A second burn of the Agena 10 engine at 03:58 on July 19 put them into the same orbit as Agena8, which had been launched for the Gemini8 mission on March 16. For his first EVA Collins did not leave the Gemini capsule, but stood up through the hatch with an ultraviolet camera. After he took the ultraviolet photos, Collins took photos of a plate they brought with them. They were used to compare photos taken in space with those taken in a laboratory. In his biography he said he felt at that moment like a Roman god riding the skies in his chariot. The EVA started on the dark side of the Earth so Collins could take"
},
{
"title": "Michael Collins (astronaut)",
"text": " photos of the Milky Way. Collins' and Young's eyes began to water, forcing an early end to the EVA. Lithium hydroxide, which was normally used to remove exhaled carbon dioxide from the cabin, had accidentally been fed into the astronauts' space suits. The compressor causing the problem was switched off, and a high oxygen flow was used to purge the environmental control system. Prior to Collins' second EVA, the Agena 10 spacecraft was jettisoned. Young positioned the capsule close enough to Agena8 for Collins to get to it while attached to his umbilical. Collins became the first person to perform two spacewalks in the same mission. He found it took much longer to complete tasks than he expected, something Cernan also experienced during his spacewalk on Gemini 9. He removed a micrometeorite experiment from the exterior of the spacecraft, and configured his nitrogen maneuvering thruster. Collins had difficulty reentering the spacecraft, and needed Young to pull him back in with the umbilical. The duo activated the retrorockets on their 43rd orbit, and they splashed down in the Atlantic at 04:06 on July 21, from the recovery vessel, the amphibious assault ship, and were"
},
{
"title": "Michael Collins (astronaut)",
"text": " picked up by helicopter. Collins and Young completed nearly all the major objectives of the flight. The docking practice and the landmark measurement experiment were cancelled in order to conserve propellant, and the micrometeorite collector was lost when it drifted out of the spacecraft.</s><s>Space program.:Apollo program. Shortly after Gemini 10, Collins was assigned to the backup crew for the second crewed Apollo flight, with Borman as commander (CDR), Stafford as command module pilot (CMP), and Collins as lunar module pilot (LMP). Along with learning the new Apollo command and service module (CSM) and the Apollo Lunar Module (LM), Collins received helicopter training, as these were thought to be the best way to simulate the landing approach of the LM. After the completion of Project Gemini, it was decided to cancel the Apollo2 flight, since it would just repeat the Apollo 1 flight. Stafford was given his own crew, and Anders was assigned to Borman's crew. Slayton had decided an Apollo mission commander should be an experienced astronaut who had already flown a mission, and that on flights with a LM, the CMP should also have some spaceflight experience, something Anders did not yet have, since the CMP would have to fly the CM alone"
},
{
"title": "Michael Collins (astronaut)",
"text": ". Collins was therefore moved to the CMP position on the Apollo8 prime crew, and Anders became the LMP. The practice became that the CMP would be the next most senior member of the crew, and that they would go on to command later Apollo flights. Staff meetings were always held on Fridays in the Astronaut Office, and it was here that Collins found himself on January 27, 1967. Don Gregory was running the meeting in the absence of Shepard and so it was he who answered the red phone to be informed there had been a fire in the Apollo 1 CM, and that the three astronauts, Gus Grissom, Ed White and Roger Chaffee were dead. When the enormity of the situation was ascertained, it fell on Collins to go to the Chaffee household to inform Martha Chaffee that her husband had died. The Astronaut Office had learned to be proactive in informing astronauts' families of a death quickly, because of the death of Theodore Freeman in an aircraft crash in 1964, when a newspaper reporter was the first to his house. Collins and Scott were sent by NASA to the Paris Air Show in May 1967. There they met cosmonauts Pavel Belyayev and Konstantin Feoktistov, with whom they drank vodka on"
},
{
"title": "Michael Collins (astronaut)",
"text": " the Soviets' Tupolev Tu-134. Collins found it interesting that some cosmonauts were doing helicopter training like their American counterparts, and Belyayev said he hoped to make a circumlunar flight soon. The astronauts' wives had accompanied them on the trip, and Collins and his wife Pat were compelled by NASA and their friends to travel to Metz, where they had been married ten years before. There, they found a third wedding ceremony had been arranged for them (ten years previously they had already had civil and religious ceremonies), so they could renew their vows. During 1968, Collins noticed his legs were not working as they should, first during handball games, then as he walked down stairs. His knee would almost give way, and his left leg had unusual sensations when in hot and cold water. Reluctantly he sought medical advice and the diagnosis was a cervical disc herniation, requiring two vertebrae to be fused. The surgery was performed at Wilford Hall Hospital at Lackland Air Force Base, Texas. The planned recuperation time was three to six months. Collins spent three months in a neck brace. As a result, he was removed from the prime crew of Apollo 9 and his backup, Jim Lovell, replaced him"
},
{
"title": "Michael Collins (astronaut)",
"text": " as CMP. When the Apollo 8 mission was changed from a CSM/LM mission in high Earth orbit to a CSM-only flight around the Moon, both prime and backup crews for Apollo8 and9 swapped places.</s><s>Space program.:Apollo program.:Apollo 8. Having trained for the flight, Collins was made a capsule communicator (CAPCOM), an astronaut stationed at Mission Control responsible for communicating directly with the crew during a mission. As part of the Green Team, he covered the launch phase up to translunar injection, the rocket burn that sent Apollo8 to the Moon. The successful completion of the first crewed circumlunar flight was followed by the announcement of the Apollo 11 crew of Armstrong, Aldrin, and Collins. At that time, in January 1969, it was not certain this would be the lunar landing mission; this depended on the success of Apollo9 and Apollo 10 testing the LM.</s><s>Space program.:Apollo program.:Apollo 11. As CMP, Collins' training was completely different from the LM and lunar EVA, and was sometimes done without Armstrong or Aldrin being present. Along with simulators, there were measurements for pressure suits, centrifuge training to simulate the reentry, and practicing"
},
{
"title": "Michael Collins (astronaut)",
"text": " docking with a huge rig at NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia. Since he would be the active participant in the rendezvous with the LM, Collins compiled a book of 18 different rendezvous schemes for various scenarios including ones where the LM did not land, or it launched too early or too late. This book ran for 117 pages. The was the creation of Collins. Jim Lovell, the backup commander, mentioned the idea of eagles, a symbol of the United States. Collins liked the idea and found a painting by artist Walter A. Weber in a National Geographic Society book, \"Water, Prey, and Game Birds of North America\", traced it and added the lunar surface below and Earth in the background. The idea of an olive branch, a symbol of peace, came from a computer expert at the simulators. The call sign \"Columbia\" for the CSM came from Julian Scheer, the NASA Assistant Administrator for Public Affairs. He mentioned the idea to Collins in a conversation and Collins could not think of anything better. During the training for Apollo 11, Slayton offered to get Collins back into the crew sequence after the flight. Collins would almost certainly have been the backup commander of Apollo 14, followed by commander of Apollo 17, but he told"
},
{
"title": "Michael Collins (astronaut)",
"text": " Slayton he did not want to travel to space again if Apollo 11 was successful. The difficult schedule of an astronaut strained his family life. He wanted to help achieve John F. Kennedy's goal of landing on the Moon within the decade and had no interest in further exploration of the Moon once the goal had been achieved. The assignment was given to Cernan. An estimated one million spectators watched the launch of Apollo 11 from the highways and beaches in the vicinity of the launch site. The launch was televised live in 33 countries, with an estimated 25 million viewers in the United States alone. Millions more listened to radio broadcasts. Propelled by a giant Saturn V rocket, Apollo 11 lifted off from Launch Complex 39A at the Kennedy Space Center on July 16, 1969, at 13:32 UTC (09:32 EDT), and entered Earth orbit twelve minutes later. After one and a half orbits, the S-IVB third-stage engine pushed the spacecraft onto its trajectory toward the Moon. About 30 minutes later, Collins performed the transposition, docking, and extraction maneuver. This involved separating \"Columbia\" from the spent S-IVB stage, turning around, and docking with the Lunar Module \"Eagle\". After it was extracted, the combined spacecraft headed for"
},
{
"title": "Michael Collins (astronaut)",
"text": " the Moon, while the rocket stage flew on a trajectory past it. On July 19 at 17:21:50 UTC, Apollo 11 passed behind the Moon and fired its service propulsion engine to enter lunar orbit. In the thirty orbits that followed, the crew saw passing views of their landing site in the southern Sea of Tranquillity about southwest of the crater Sabine D. At 12:52:00 UTC on July 20, Aldrin and Armstrong entered \"Eagle\" and began the final preparations for lunar descent. At 17:44:00 \"Eagle\" separated from \"Columbia\". Collins, alone aboard \"Columbia\", inspected \"Eagle\" as it rotated before him to ensure the craft was not damaged and that the landing gear had correctly deployed before heading for the surface. During his day flying solo around the Moon, Collins never felt lonely. Although it has been said \"not since Adam has any human known such solitude\", Collins felt very much a part of the mission. In his autobiography he wrote \"this venture has been structured for three men, and I consider my third to be as necessary as either of the other two\". In the 48 minutes of each orbit when he was out of radio contact with the Earth while \"Columbia\" passed round the"
},
{
"title": "Michael Collins (astronaut)",
"text": " far side of the Moon, the feeling he reported was not fear or loneliness, but rather \"awareness, anticipation, satisfaction, confidence, almost exultation\". One of Collins' first tasks was to identify the lunar module on the ground. To give Collins an idea where to look, Mission Control radioed that they believed the lunar module landed about four miles off target. Each time he passed over the suspected lunar landing site, he tried in vain to find the lunar module. On his first two orbits on the far side of the Moon, Collins performed maintenance activities such as dumping excess water produced by the fuel cells and preparing the cabin for Armstrong and Aldrin to return. \"Columbia\" orbited the Moon thirty times. Just before he reached the far side on the third orbit, Mission Control informed Collins there was a problem with the temperature of the coolant. If it became too cold, parts of \"Columbia\" might freeze. Mission Control advised him to assume manual control and implement Environmental Control System Malfunction Procedure 17. Instead, Collins flicked the switch on the offending system from automatic to manual and back to automatic again, and carried on with normal housekeeping chores, while keeping an eye on the temperature. When \"Columbia\" came back around to the near side"
},
{
"title": "Michael Collins (astronaut)",
"text": " of the Moon again, he was able to report that the problem had been resolved. For the next couple of orbits, he described his time on the far side of the Moon as \"relaxing\". After Aldrin and Armstrong completed their EVA, Collins slept so he could be rested for the rendezvous. While the flight plan called for \"Eagle\" to meet up with \"Columbia\", Collins was prepared for certain contingencies in which he would fly \"Columbia\" down to meet \"Eagle\". After spending so much time with the CSM, he felt compelled to leave his mark on it, so during the second night following their return from the Moon, he went to the lower equipment bay of the CM and wrote: In a July 2009 interview with \"The Guardian\", Collins said that he was very worried about Armstrong and Aldrin's safety. He was also concerned in the event of their deaths on the Moon, he would be forced to return to Earth alone and, as the mission's sole survivor, be regarded as \"a marked man for life\". At 17:54 UTC on July 21, \"Eagle\" lifted off from the Moon to rejoin Collins aboard \"Columbia\" in lunar orbit. After rendezvous with \"Columbia\", the"
},
{
"title": "Michael Collins (astronaut)",
"text": " ascent stage was jettisoned into lunar orbit, and \"Columbia\" made its way back to Earth. \"Columbia\" splashed down in the Pacific east of Wake Island at 16:50 UTC (05:50 local time) on July 24. The total mission duration was eight days, three hours, 18 minutes, and thirty-five seconds. Divers passed biological isolation garments (BIGs) to the astronauts, and assisted them into the life raft. Though the chance of bringing back pathogens from the lunar surface was believed to be remote, it was still considered a possibility. The astronauts were winched on board the recovery helicopter, and flown to the aircraft carrier, where they spent the first part of the Earth-based portion of 21 days of quarantine (time in space was also counted), before moving on to Houston. On August 13, the three astronauts rode in parades in their honor in New York and Chicago, with about six million attendees. On the same evening in Los Angeles there was an official state dinner to celebrate the flight, attended by members of Congress, 44 governors, the Chief Justice of the United States, and ambassadors from 83 nations at the Century Plaza Hotel. In September, the astronauts embarked on a 38-day world tour that brought them"
},
{
"title": "Michael Collins (astronaut)",
"text": " to 22 foreign countries and included visits with world leaders.</s><s>Post-NASA activities.</s><s>Post-NASA activities.:Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs. NASA Administrator Thomas O. Paine told Collins that Secretary of State William P. Rogers was interested in appointing Collins to the position of Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs. After the crew returned to the U.S. in November, Collins sat down with Rogers and accepted the position on the urgings of President Nixon. He was an unusual choice for the role, as he was neither a journalist nor a career diplomat. Nor, unlike some of his predecessors, did he act as the department spokesperson. Instead, as the head of the State Department's Bureau of Public Affairs, his role was that of managing relations with the public at large. He had a staff of 115 and a budget of $2.5 million, but this was small compared with the 6,000 public affairs staff at the United States Department of Defense. Collins was appointed to the position on December 15, 1969, and began his work on January 6, 1970. He took over at a very difficult time. The Vietnam War was going badly, and the invasion of Cambodia and the Kent State shootings had triggered a wave of protests and unrest"
},
{
"title": "Michael Collins (astronaut)",
"text": " across the country. He had no illusions about his ability to change minds, but attempted to engage with the public all the same, playing on his Apollo 11 fame. He attributed part of the nation's problems to insularity. In a 1970 commencement speech at Saint Michael's College in Vermont, he told his audience that \"Farmers speak to farmers, students to students, business leaders to other business leaders, but this intramural talk serves mainly to mirror one's beliefs, to reinforce existing prejudices, to lock out opposing views\". Collins realized he was not enjoying the job, and secured President Nixon's permission to become the Director of the National Air and Space Museum. His departure was officially announced on February 22, 1971. He worked in that role until April 11, 1971. The position remained vacant until Carol Laise replaced him in October 1973.</s><s>Post-NASA activities.:Director of the National Air and Space Museum. On August 12, 1946, Congress passed an authorization bill for a National Air Museum, to be administered by the Smithsonian Institution, and located on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. Under the U.S. legislative system, authorization is insufficient; Congress also has to pass an appropriation bill allocating funding. Since this was not done, there was"
},
{
"title": "Michael Collins (astronaut)",
"text": " no money for the museum building. The 1957 Sputnik crisis and the resulting Space Race led to a surge of public interest in space exploration. The \"Freedom 7\" and \"Friendship 7\" Project Mercury spacecraft were donated to the Smithsonian, and 2,670,000 visitors descended on the Arts and Industries Building when they were put on display in 1963. The museum was renamed the National Air and Space Museum in 1966, but there was still no funding to build it. Apollo 11 created another surge of interest in space. An exhibition of a Moon rock attracted 200,000 visitors in one month. On May 19, 1970, Senator Barry Goldwater, a retired USAF major general, gave an impassioned speech in the Senate for funding of a museum building. The job had a clearly defined and tangible goal: to obtain Congressional funding, and to build the museum. Collins lobbied hard for the new museum. With the help of Goldwater in particular, Congress relented, and on August 10, 1972, approved $13 million and contract authority of $27 million for its construction. The $40 million budget was lower than he had hoped for, and the building had to be scaled back and some economies made. In addition to cost pressure, there was also severe"
},
{
"title": "Michael Collins (astronaut)",
"text": " time pressure, as the museum was scheduled to open on July 4, 1976, as part of celebrations of the upcoming United States Bicentennial. The design by architect Gyo Obata of the St. Louis firm Hellmuth Obata & Kassabaumof aimed to harmonize the new museum with the other ones on the National Mall, so the exteriors were faced with Tennessee marble to match the façade of the National Gallery of Art. Gilbane Building Company was awarded the construction contract. Everything was fast-tracked. Contracts were awarded as soon as each component of the design was complete. This allowed the first contract to be awarded within five months of the start of design. The design was completed in just nine months, and all contracts were awarded within a year of the start of design. Ground was broken on the new museum on November 20, 1972. The building was built horizontally rather than vertically, as is the norm, so that work on the interiors could proceed concurrently. Overseeing construction was but a part of Collins' task: he also had to hire museum staff, oversee the creation of exhibits, and launch the Museum's Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, a new division devoted to research and analysis of lunar and planetary spacecraft data. Collins described"
},
{
"title": "Michael Collins (astronaut)",
"text": " the project as \"a monumental effort\" in which \"individual creativity combined with dedicated teamwork and plain hard work\". The museum was completed on budget, and opened three days ahead of schedule on July 1, 1976. President Gerald Ford presided over the formal opening ceremony. Over one million visitors passed through its doors in the first month, and it quickly established itself as one of the world's most popular museums, averaging between eight and nine million visitors per annum over the next two decades. Visitors entering saw \"Columbia\" in the Milestones of Flight Hall, along with the \"Wright Flyer\", the \"Spirit of St. Louis\" and \"Glamorous Glennis\". Collins held the directorship until 1978, when he stepped down to become undersecretary of the Smithsonian Institution. During this time, although no longer an active-duty USAF officer after he joined the State Department in 1970, he remained in the U.S. Air Force Reserve. He attained the rank of major general in 1976, and retired in 1982.</s><s>Post-NASA activities.:Other activities. Collins completed the Harvard Business School's Advanced Management Program in 1974, and in 1980 became vice president of LTV Aerospace in Arlington, Virginia. He resigned in 1985 to start his own consulting firm,"
},
{
"title": "Michael Collins (astronaut)",
"text": " Michael Collins Associates. He wrote an autobiography in 1974 entitled \"\". \"The New York Times\" writer John Wilford wrote that it is \"generally regarded as the best account of what it is like to be an astronaut.\" Collins has also written \"Liftoff: The Story of America's Adventure in Space\" (1988), a history of the American space program, \"Mission to Mars\" (1990), a non-fiction book on human spaceflight to Mars, and \"Flying to the Moon and Other Strange Places \"(1976), revised and re-released as \"Flying to the Moon: An Astronaut's Story \"(1994), a children's book on his experiences. Along with his writing, he has painted watercolors, mostly of the Florida Everglades or aircraft he has flown; they are rarely space-related. He did not initially sign his paintings to avoid them increasing in price just because they had his autograph on them. Collins lived with his wife, Pat, in Marco Island, Florida, and Avon, North Carolina, until her death in April 2014.</s><s>Death. On April 28, 2021, Collins died of cancer at his home in Naples, Florida, at the age of 90. Buzz Aldrin, who became the last survivor"
},
{
"title": "Michael Collins (astronaut)",
"text": " of Apollo 11, said that \"wherever [Collins has] been or will be, you will always have the Fire to Carry us deftly to new heights and the future.\" On January 30, 2023, Collins’ ashes were interned in Arlington National Cemetery almost two years after his death, his burial likely being delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.</s><s>Honors and awards. Collins was a long-time trustee of the National Geographic Society and served as Trustee Emeritus. He was also a fellow of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots and the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Collins was inducted into four halls of fame: the International Air & Space Hall of Fame (1971), the International Space Hall of Fame (1977), the U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame (1993), and the National Aviation Hall of Fame (1985). In 2008 he was inducted into the Aerospace Walk of Honor in Lancaster, California. The International Astronomical Union honored him by naming an asteroid after him, 6471 Collins. Also, like the other two Apollo 11 crew members, he has a lunar crater named after him. Collins was awarded the Air Force Distinguished Flying Cross in 1966 for his work in the Gemini"
},
{
"title": "Michael Collins (astronaut)",
"text": " Project. He was also awarded Air Force Command Pilot Astronaut Wings. Deputy NASA Administrator Robert Seamans pinned the NASA Exceptional Service Medal on Collins and Young in 1966 for their role in the Gemini 10 mission. For the Apollo Project, he was awarded the Air Force Distinguished Service Medal, and the NASA Distinguished Service Medal. He was awarded the Legion of Merit in 1977. Along with the rest of the Apollo 11 crew, he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom with Distinction by President Nixon in 1969 at the state dinner in their honor. The three were awarded the Collier Trophy and the General Thomas D. White USAF Space Trophy in 1969. The National Aeronautic Association president awarded a duplicate trophy to Collins and Aldrin at a ceremony. The trio received the international Harmon Trophy for aviators in 1970, conferred to them by Vice President Spiro Agnew in 1971. Agnew also presented them the Hubbard Medal of the National Geographic Society in 1970. He told them, \"You've won a place alongside Christopher Columbus in American history\". Collins also received the Iven C. Kincheloe Award from the Society of Experimental Test Pilots (SETP) in 1970. In 1989, some of his personal papers were transferred to Virginia Polytechn"
},
{
"title": "Michael Collins (astronaut)",
"text": "ic Institute and State University. In 1999, while celebrating the 30th anniversary of the lunar landing, Vice President Al Gore, who was also the vice chancellor of the Smithsonian Institution's Board of Regents, presented the Apollo 11 crew with the Smithsonian's Langley Gold Medal for aviation. After the ceremony, the crew went to the White House and presented President Bill Clinton with an encased Moon rock. The crew was awarded the New Frontier Congressional Gold Medal in the Capitol Rotunda in 2011. It is the highest civilian award that can be received in the United States. During the ceremony, NASA administrator Charles Bolden said, \"Those of us who have had the privilege to fly in space followed the trail they forged.\"</s><s>In popular culture. Collins is one of the astronauts featured in the 2007 documentary \"In the Shadow of the Moon.\" He had a small part as \"Old Man\" in the 2009 movie \"Youth in Revolt\". In the 1996 TV movie \"Apollo 11\", he was played by Jim Metzler, and in the 1998 HBO miniseries \"From the Earth to the Moon\", he was played by Cary Elwes. In the 2009 TV movie \"Moon Shot\", he was played by Andrew Lincoln. In the 2018 film \"First Man"
},
{
"title": "Michael Collins (astronaut)",
"text": "\", he was portrayed by Lukas Haas, and he is featured in the 2019 documentary film \"Apollo 11\". For contributions to the television industry, the Apollo 11 astronauts were honored with round plaques on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. In \"For All Mankind\" he is portrayed by Ryan Kennedy. In \"The Crown\" he is portrayed by Andrew-Lee Potts. English prog rock group Jethro Tull recorded a song \"For Michael Collins, Jeffrey and Me\", which appears on the \"Benefit\" album from 1970. The song compares the feelings of misfitting from vocalist Ian Anderson (and friend Jeffrey Hammond) with the astronaut's own, as he is left behind by the ones who had the privilege of walking on the surface of the Moon. In 2013, indie pop group The Boy Least Likely To released the song \"Michael Collins\" on the album \"The Great Perhaps.\" The song uses Collins' feeling that he was blessed to have the type of solitude of being truly separated from all other human contact in contrast with modern society's lack of perspective. American folk artist John Craigie recorded a song titled \"Michael Collins\" for his 2017 album \"No Rain, No Rose\". The song embraces his role as an integral part of the Apollo 11 mission with"
},
{
"title": "Michael Collins (astronaut)",
"text": " the chorus, \"Sometimes you take the fame, sometimes you sit back stage, but if it weren't for me them boys would still be there.\" Collins provided narration for the Google Doodle that commemorated the 50th anniversary of Apollo 11's 1969 mission to the Moon.</s><s>Works. - - - -</s><s>See also. - Apollo 11 in popular culture - List of spaceflight records</s><s>References. - - - - - - - - - - {{cite book |last = Cullum | first = George W. | author-link = George Washington Cullum |title = Biographical Register of the Officers and Graduates of the US Military Academy at West Point New York Since Its Establishment in 1802: Supplement Volume VIII 1930–1940 | publisher = R. R. Donnelly and Sons, The Lakeside Press | location = Chicago | year = 1940 | url=http://digital-library.usma.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p16919coll3/id/19424/rec/9 | access-date=October 6, 2015 }} - {{cite book | last = Cullum | first = George W. | title = Biographical Register of the Officers and Graduates of the US Military"
},
{
"title": "Michael Collins (astronaut)",
"text": " Academy at West Point New York Since Its Establishment in 1802: Supplement Volume IX 1940–1950 | publisher = R. R. Donnelly and Sons, The Lakeside Press | location = Chicago | year = 1950 | url=http://digital-library.usma.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p16919coll3/id/22314/rec/10 |access-date=October 6, 2015 }} - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -</s><s>Further reading. - Statement From Apollo 11 Astronaut Michael Collins, NASA Public Release no. 09-164. Collins' statement on the 40th anniversary of the Apollo 11 mission, July 9, 2009 - Butler, Carol L. (1998). NASA Johnson Space Center Oral History -</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Michael Collins (astronaut)",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "North America"
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|
factscore-000308
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Peter Gallagher.
|
[
{
"title": "Peter Gallagher",
"text": "<s>Peter Gallagher Peter Killian Gallagher (born August 19, 1955) is an American actor. Since 1980, he has played roles in numerous Hollywood films. He is best known for starring as Sandy Cohen in the television drama series \"The O.C.\" from 2003 to 2007, recurring roles such as Deputy Chief William Dodds on \", \" Stacey Koons on the Showtime comedy-drama \"Californication\", Nick on the Netflix series \"Grace & Frankie\", and Chuck Cedar in \"Mr. Deeds\". He also played CIA Director of Clandestine Services (DCS) Arthur Campbell on \"Covert Affairs\".</s><s>Early life. Gallagher was born in New York City. His mother, Mary Ann (née O'Shea), was a bacteriologist, and his father, Thomas Francis Gallagher, Jr., was an advertising executive. Gallagher is the youngest of their three children. He is of Irish Catholic background and was raised in Armonk, New York. Gallagher graduated from Tufts University, where he was active in theater, appearing in such shows as Stephen Sondheim's \"Company\" and singing with the all-male \"a cappella\" group the Beelzebubs. He studied acting at the William Esper Studio.</s><s>Care"
},
{
"title": "Peter Gallagher",
"text": "er. Gallagher appeared on Broadway with Glenn Close in Tom Stoppard's \"The Real Thing\" and made his feature film debut in the Taylor Hackford film \"The Idolmaker\", but first achieved fame for his role in Steven Soderbergh's \"sex, lies, and videotape\" (1989). He also starred as Sky Masterson in the 1992 Broadway hit revival of \"Guys and Dolls\". Gallagher played a potential career threat to Tim Robbins's studio executive in \"The Player\" (1992); the comatose fiancé of Sandra Bullock in \"While You Were Sleeping\" (1995); a major real estate salesman having an affair with Annette Bening in \"American Beauty\" (1999); a media executive in \"Mr. Deeds\" (2002); and a political reporter exposing media ethics during a presidential debate in \"The Last Debate\". From 2003 to 2007, Gallagher starred as Sandy Cohen, a Jewish public defender and corporate lawyer, on the Fox television show \"The O.C.\". He hosts an annual award ceremony named \"The Sandy Cohen Awards\" or \"The Sandys\", which, in honor of his character on \"The O.C.\", gives a scholarship to a law school student at UC Berkeley who wants to become a public"
},
{
"title": "Peter Gallagher",
"text": " defender. Gallagher released an album titled \"7 Days in Memphis\" in 2005, on the Sony BMG label. This includes a studio recording of his performance of \"Don't Give Up On Me\" (originally by Solomon Burke), which was featured in an episode of \"The O.C.\" He also has a video for his single \"Still I Long For Your Kiss\", in which he starred with his TV-wife Kelly Rowan. In 2005, Gallagher received the P.T. Barnum Award from Tufts University for his exceptional work in the field of media and entertainment. In 2007, Gallagher received the \"Light on the Hill\" award at Tufts University. The award is given to notable alumni from Tufts who have demonstrated ambition, achievement, and active citizenship. From February 13 through July 5, 2015, Gallagher starred on Broadway in \"On the Twentieth Century\" although he missed several performances in late February due to illness. In 2020 Gallagher played Mitch Clarke, who had Progressive supranuclear palsy, in a regular role in the first season of \"Zoey's Extraordinary Playlist\". Though his character died in the season 1 finale, Gallagher appeared in several episodes of the second season and the Christmas special \"Zoey's Extra"
},
{
"title": "Peter Gallagher",
"text": "ordinary Christmas\". In 2021, Gallagher took part in the television series Grey's Anatomy as Dr. David Hamilton. From 2018 through 2022, Gallagher appeared in 4 seasons of the Netflix series \"Grace and Frankie\" as Nick, the boyfriend of Jane Fonda's character Grace.</s><s>Personal life. Gallagher is married to Paula Harwood and has two children, James and Kathryn. His daughter Kathryn is an actress and singer.</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Peter Gallagher",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "North America"
}
|
factscore-000309
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Melvin Van Peebles.
|
[
{
"title": "Melvin Van Peebles",
"text": "<s>Melvin Van Peebles Melvin Van Peebles (born Melvin Peebles; August 21, 1932 – September 21, 2021) was an American actor, filmmaker, writer, and composer. He worked as an active filmmaker into the 2000s. His feature film debut, \"The Story of a Three-Day Pass\" (1967), was based on his own French-language novel \"\" and was shot in France, as it was difficult for a black American director to get work at the time. The film won an award at the San Francisco International Film Festival which gained him the interest of Hollywood studios, leading to his American feature debut \"Watermelon Man\", in 1970. Eschewing further overtures from Hollywood, he used the successes he had so far to bankroll his work as an independent filmmaker. In 1971, he released his best-known work, creating and starring in the film \"Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song\", considered one of the earliest and best-regarded examples of the blaxploitation genre. He followed this up with the musical, \"Don't Play Us Cheap\", based on his own stage play, and continued to make films, write novels and stage plays in English and in French through the next several decades"
},
{
"title": "Melvin Van Peebles",
"text": "; his final films include the French-language film \"\" (2000) and the absurdist film \"Confessionsofa Ex-Doofus-ItchyFooted Mutha\" (2008). His son, filmmaker and actor Mario Van Peebles, appeared in several of his works and portrayed him in the 2003 biographical film \"Baadasssss!\".</s><s>Early life and education. Born Melvin Peebles in Chicago, Illinois, he was the son of Edwin Griffin and Marion Peebles. In 1953, Melvin graduated with a B.A. in literature from Ohio Wesleyan University and, 13 days later, joined the Air Force, serving for three and a half years. He added \"Van\" to his name when he lived in the Netherlands in his late 20s.</s><s>Career.</s><s>Career.:Early years. He worked as a cable car gripman in San Francisco, California. Later, he wrote about these experiences. His first book, \"The Big Heart\", credited to Melvin Van, evolved from a small article and a series of photographs taken by Ruth Bernhard. According to Van Peebles, a passenger suggested that he should become a filmmaker. Van Peebles shot his first short film, \"Pick"
},
{
"title": "Melvin Van Peebles",
"text": "up Men for Herrick\" in 1957 and made two more short films during the same period. About these films, Van Peebles said: \"I thought they were features. Each one turned out to be eleven minutes long. I was trying to do features. I knew nothing.\" As he learned more about the filmmaking process, he found out that \"I could make a feature for five hundred dollars. That was the cost of 90 minutes of film. I didn't know a thing about shooting a film sixteen to one or ten to one or none of that shit. Then I forgot you had to develop film. And I didn't know you needed a work print. All I can say is that after I did one thing he would say, 'Well, aren't you gonna put sound on it?' and I would go, 'Oh shit!' That's all I could say.\" After Van Peebles completed his first short films, he took them with him to Hollywood to try to find work, but was unable to find anyone who wanted to hire him as a director. Van Peebles decided to move his family to the Netherlands where he planned to study astronomy. On the way to Europe, in New York City, he met Amos Vogel, founder of the av"
},
{
"title": "Melvin Van Peebles",
"text": "ant-garde Cinema 16 who agreed to place two of Van Peebles's shorts in his rental catalog. Vogel screened Van Peebles's \"Three Pickup Men\" \"for Herrick\" at Cinema 16 on a program with \"City of Jazz\" in the spring of 1960 with Ralph Ellison leading a post-film discussion. When Vogel went to Paris shortly after, he brought Van Peebles's films to show Henri Langlois and Mary Meerson at the. Meanwhile, in the Netherlands, Van Peebles's marriage dissolved and his wife and children went back to the United States. Shortly thereafter, Van Peebles was invited to Paris probably by Mary Meerson and/or Lotte Eisner, founders of the, on the strength of his short films. In France, Van Peebles created the short film'(\"500 Francs\") (1961) and then established himself as a writer. He did investigative reporting for \"France Observateur\" during 1963–64, during which he profiled, and later became friends with, Chester Himes. Himes got him a job at the anti-authoritarian humor magazine \"Hara-kiri\", where Van Peebles wrote a monthly column and eventually joined the editorial board"
},
{
"title": "Melvin Van Peebles",
"text": ".</s><s>Career.:1965–1970. During 1965–66, \"Mad\" magazine attempted a French edition and hired Van Peebles as editor-in-chief during its run of only five issues. He began to write plays in French, utilizing the sprechgesang form of songwriting, where the lyrics were spoken over the music. This style carried over to Van Peebles' debut album, \"Brer Soul\". Van Peebles was a prolific writer in France. He published four novels and a collection of short stories. He completed at least one play,'which was also released as a novel, and which he would later make into the musical \"Don't Play Us Cheap\". Roger Blin directed'with the theatrical troupe for the in Liège, Belgium in September 1964. Van Peebles made his first feature-length film, \"The Story of a Three-Day Pass\" (\"\") (1968) based on a novel by the same title. The film caught the attention of Hollywood producers who mistook him for a French auteur after it won an award at the San Francisco International Film Festival as the French entry. Van Peebles's first Hollywood film was the 1970 Columbia Pictures comedy \"Watermelon Man\","
},
{
"title": "Melvin Van Peebles",
"text": " written by Herman Raucher. Starring Godfrey Cambridge, the movie tells the story of a casually racist white man who suddenly wakes up black and finds himself alienated from his friends, family, and job.</s><s>Career.:1970–1995. In 1970, Van Peebles directed filming of the Powder Ridge Rock Festival, which was banned by court injunction. After \"Watermelon Man\", Van Peebles became determined to have complete control over his next production, which became the groundbreaking \"Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song\" (1971), privately funded with his own money, and in part by a $50,000 loan from Bill Cosby. Van Peebles not only directed, scripted, and edited the film, but wrote the score and directed the marketing campaign. The film, which in the end grossed $15 million, was, among many others, acclaimed by the Black Panthers for its political resonance with the black struggle. His son Mario's 2003 film \"BAADASSSSS!\" tells the story behind the making of \"Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song\"; father and son presented the film together as the Closing Night selection for Maryland Film Festival 2004. Van Peebles wrote the book, music, and lyrics for"
},
{
"title": "Melvin Van Peebles",
"text": " the stage musical \"Ain't Supposed to Die a Natural Death\", which opened off-Broadway and then moved to Broadway, running for 325 performances in 1971–72. The show was nominated for seven Tony Awards, including Best Musical, Best Book of a Musical, and Best Original Score. As his intended follow-up to \"Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song\", Van Peebles made the musical film \"Don't Play Us Cheap\". However, he was unable to find a distributor, so he ended up producing a stage adaptation of the film. Van Peebles performed the same duties as his previous stage musical, as well as producing and directing. The show ran for 164 performances in 1972, earning Van Peebles another Tony nomination for Best Book of a Musical. The previously shot film version was later released on January 1, 1973. In 1977, Van Peebles was one of four credited screenwriters on the film \"Greased Lightning\", about the life of pioneering Black NASCAR driver Wendell Scott. He was originally the director of the film as well, but was replaced by Michael Schultz. Van Peebles was involved with two more Broadway musicals in the 1980s. He was a co-writer on the book for \"Re"
},
{
"title": "Melvin Van Peebles",
"text": "ggae\", which closed after 21 performances in 1980. For \"Waltz of the Stork\", he wrote book, music, and lyrics, as well as producing the show and playing the lead role. It ran for 160 performances in 1982. In the 1980s, Van Peebles became an options trader on the American Stock Exchange while continuing to work in theater and film. In 1995, he co-starred in the American live-action version of Japanese manga \"Fist of the North Star,\" alongside Gary Daniels, Costas Mandylor, Chris Penn, Isako Washio, Malcolm McDowell, Downtown Julie Brown, Dante Basco, Tracey Walter, Clint Howard, Tony Halme, and Big Van Vader.</s><s>Career.:2005–2009. In 2005, Van Peebles was the subject of a documentary entitled \"How to Eat Your Watermelon in White Company (and Enjoy It)\". Also in 2005, Van Peebles was the subject of the documentary \"\", which also featured Ossie Davis and Gordon Parks in the same room. It was moderated by Warrington Hudlin. In 2005, it was announced that Van Peebles would collaborate with Madlib for a proposed double album titled \"Brer Soul Meets"
},
{
"title": "Melvin Van Peebles",
"text": " Quasimoto\". However, nothing further was issued about this project from the time that it was first announced. In 2008, Van Peebles completed the film \"Confessionsofa Ex-Doofus-ItchyFooted Mutha\", which was the Closing Night selection for Maryland Film Festival 2008, and appeared on \"All My Children\" as Melvin Woods, the father of Samuel Woods, a character portrayed by his son, Mario. In 2009, Van Peebles became involved with a project to adapt \"Sweet Sweetback\" into a musical. A preliminary version of this was staged at the Apollo Theater on April 25–26, 2009. As well, he wrote and performed in a stage musical, \"Unmitigated Truth: Life, a Lavatory, Loves, and Ladies\", which featured some of his previous songs as well as some new material.</s><s>Career.:2011–2019. In 2011, Van Peebles started doing shows in NYC with members of Burnt Sugar, under the name Melvin Van Peebles wid Laxative. Van Peebles said that the band is called Laxative because they \"make shit happen\". In November 2011, Melvin Van Peebles wid Laxative performed his song \"Love,"
},
{
"title": "Melvin Van Peebles",
"text": " That's America\" at Zebulon Cafe Concert, two weeks after the venue showed the original video for this song involving Occupy Wall Street footage, which was uploaded to YouTube in October 2011. On August 21, 2012, he distributed a new album, on vinyl only, called \"Nahh... Nahh Mofo\". This album was distributed at his birthday celebration at Film Forum. On November 10, 2012, he released a video for the song \"Lilly Done the Zampoughi Every Time I Pulled Her Coattail\" to go with the album, which was announced on his Facebook page. On May 5, 2013, he returned to the Film Forum for a screening of Charlie Chaplin's \"The Kid\" (1921) and was a judge at the Charlie Chaplin Dress-Alike Contest which was held after the screening. He wore a bowler hat and baggy pants in honor of Chaplin. In September 2013, Van Peebles made his public debut as a visual artist, as a part of a gallery featured called \"eMerge 2.0: Melvin Van Peebles & Artists on the Cusp\". It features \"Ex-Voto Monochrome (A Ghetto Mother's Prayer)\", one of many"
},
{
"title": "Melvin Van Peebles",
"text": " pieces of art he created to be on display in his home. In 2017, \"Methane Momma\", a short film directed by Alain Rimbert, featured Van Peebles and his narration of poetic work with accompaniment of music by The Heliocentrics. In 2019, Burnt Sugar presented the film \"Sweetback\" in Brooklyn while playing their own interpretation of the soundtrack. Van Peebles appeared at the presentation.</s><s>Personal life. Melvin Van Peebles married a German woman, Maria Marx. They lived in Mexico for a period in the late 1950s, where he painted portraits. Their son, actor and director Mario Van Peebles, was born while they resided in Mexico. The family subsequently returned to the United States. Van Peebles died on September 21, 2021, at his home in Manhattan, New York, at the age of 89. He is survived by his sons, Mario and Max, and his daughter Marguerite.</s><s>Awards and honors. - 1967: Critics' Choice Award for \"The Story of a Three-Day Pass\". San Francisco Film Festival. - 1972: Most Promising Book, Winner for \"Ain't Supposed to Die a Natural Death\". Drama Desk Awards. -"
},
{
"title": "Melvin Van Peebles",
"text": " 1972: Best Score from an Original Cast Album, two nominations for \"Ain't Supposed to Die a Natural Death\". 15th Annual Grammy Awards. - 1972: Best Book of a Musical and Best Original Score, two nominations for \"Ain't Supposed to Die a Natural Death\", 26th Tony Awards. - 1973: Best Book of a Musical, nomination for \"Don't Play Us Cheap\", 27th Tony Awards. - 1976: Black Filmmakers Hall of Fame - 1994: Honorary doctorate of humane letters, Hofstra University - 1999: Lifetime Achievement Award. 6th Annual Chicago Underground Film Festival. - 2001: Commander of the Legion of Honour (French Legion of Honour) - 2008: Tribute Award from the Independent Filmmaker Project (IFP) and the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA). Gotham Awards. - 2021: The \"Melvin Van Peebles Trailblazer Award,\" was named in honor of Van Peebles at the Critics Choice Association's fourth annual Celebration of Black Cinema & Television. - 2022: Honoree, 2nd Annual Attorney Benjamin Crump Equal Justice Now Awards</s><s>Bibliography. - (As \"Melvin Van\") \"The Big Heart\", San Francisco: Fearon, 1957. With"
},
{
"title": "Melvin Van Peebles",
"text": " photographs by Ruth Bernhard, a book about life on San Francisco's cable cars. \"A cable car is a big heart with people for blood. The people pump on and off—if you think of it like that it is pretty simple\" (p. 21). - \"\" (1964); \"A Bear for the F.B.I.\", Trident, 1968. - \"\" (1965); \"The True American\", Doubleday, 1976. - \"La Reine des Pommes\" (1965); French translation and illustrations for a graphic novel adaptation of Chester Himes' \"A Rage in Harlem\". - \"\" (1966) (short stories), illustrated by Roland Topor - \"\" (\"Harlem Party\") (1967) (novel) - \"\" (1967) - \"Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song\", Lancer Books, New York, 1971. - \"Ain't Supposed to Die a Natural Death\", Bantam, New York, 1973. - \"Don't Play Us Cheap: A Harlem Party\", Bantam Books, New York, 1973. - \"Just an Old Sweet Song\", Ballantine, New York, 1976. - \"Bold Money: A New Way to Play the Options Market\", Warner Books,"
},
{
"title": "Melvin Van Peebles",
"text": " New York, 1986, (nonfiction) - Melvin and Mario Van Peebles: \"No Identity Crisis\", A Fireside Book, Simon & Schuster, New York, 1990. - \"Panther\", Thunder's Mouth Press, 1995. - Introduction to the 1998 edition of Chester Himes' \"Yesterday Will Make You Cry\", 1997. - \"Confessions of a Ex Doofus Itchy Footed Mutha,\" New York: Akashic Books, 2009, ISBN 9781933354866. With illustrations by Caktuz Tree, a graphic novel adaptation of the film with the same title.</s><s>Filmography.</s><s>Filmography.:Music videos. - \"Lilly Done the Zampoughi Every Time I Pulled Her Coattail\"</s><s>Filmography.:Other writing credits. - \"Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song: The Musical\" (2008) writer, singer - \"Unmitigated Truth: Life, a Lavatory, Loves, and Ladies\" (2009) writer, performer</s><s>Filmography.:As himself. - \"Unstoppable\" (2005) - \"How to Eat Your Watermelon in White Company\" (2005)</s><s>Filmography.:Other acting"
},
{
"title": "Melvin Van Peebles",
"text": "-only credits. - \"O.C. and Stiggs\" (1987) as Bob 'Wino Bob' - \"\" (1987) as Mr. Witherspoon - \"Taking Care of Terrific\" (1987) (television film) as 'Hawk' - \"Sonny Spoon\" (1988) (television series) as Mel Spoon - \"Boomerang\" (1992) as Editor - \"Posse\" (1993) as Joe 'Papa Joe' - \"Terminal Velocity\" (1994) as Noble - \"Fist of the North Star\" (1995) as Asher - \"Living Single\" (1996) as Warner Devant - \"The Shining\" (1997) (miniseries) as Dick Hallorann - \"The Hebrew Hammer\" (2003) as Sweetback - \"BlacKout\" (2007) as George - \"Redemption Road\" (2010) as Elmo - \"We the Party\" (2012) as 'Big D' - \"Peeples\" (2013) as Grandpa Peebles - \"Armed\" (2018) as Grandpa V</s><s>Plays. - \"The Hostage\" (Dutch National Theatre Tour, actor, writer, 1964"
},
{
"title": "Melvin Van Peebles",
"text": ") - \"Ain't Supposed to Die a Natural Death\" (writer, 1971) - \"Don't Play Us Cheap\" (writer, 1972) - \"Out There by Your Lonesome\" (one-man play, 1973) - \"Reggae\" (co-librettist, 1980) - \"Waltz of the Stork\" (actor, writer, 1982) - \"Champeen\" (musical, writer, 1983) - \"Waltz of the Stork Boogie\" (writer, director, 1984) - \"Unmitigated Truth: Life, a Lavatory, Loves, and Ladies\" (musical, writer, 2009)</s><s>Discography.</s><s>Discography.:Studio albums. - \"Brer Soul\" (1968) - \"Ain't Supposed to Die a Natural Death\" (1970) - \"As Serious as a Heart-Attack\" (1971) - \"What the...You Mean I Can't Sing?!\" (1974) - \"Ghetto Gothic\" (1995) - \"Nahh... Nahh Mofo\" (2012) - \"The Last Transmission\" (2014, with The Heliocentrics)</s><s>Discography.:Compil"
},
{
"title": "Melvin Van Peebles",
"text": "ations. - \"X-Rated By an All-White Jury\" (1997) – including \"Brer Soul\", \"Ain't Supposed to Die a Natural Death\" and \"As Serious as a Heart-Attack\"</s><s>Discography.:Soundtrack albums. - \"Watermelon Man\" (1970) - \"Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song\" (1971) - \"Ain't Supposed to Die a Natural Death\" (1972) - \"Don't Play Us Cheap\" (1972)</s><s>Further reading. - Chaffin-Quiray, Garrett. \"Great Directors: Melvin Van Peebles\". \"Senses of Cinema\" Issue 25 (March 21, 2003). - Greasley, Philip A. \"The Authors\". Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2001. Print. - Owusu, Kwesi, \"Melvin Van Peebles inspired the first Black cinema House in Europe | The Electric Cinema, Portobello Road, London\", \"Kwesinews\". Retrieved March 10, 2023.</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Melvin Van Peebles",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "North America"
}
|
factscore-000310
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Carol Dweck.
|
[
{
"title": "Carol Dweck",
"text": "<s>Carol Dweck Carol Susan Dweck (born October 17, 1946) is an American psychologist. She is the Lewis and Virginia Eaton Professor of Psychology at Stanford University. Dweck is known for her work on motivation and mindset. She was on the faculty at Columbia University, Harvard University, and the University of Illinois before joining the Stanford University faculty in 2004. She is a Fellow of the Association for Psychological Science.</s><s>Early life and education. Dweck was born in New York. Her father worked in the export-import business and her mother in advertising. She was the only daughter and the middle sibling of three children. In her sixth grade class at the P.S. 153 elementary school in Brooklyn, New York, students were seated in order of their IQ. Students with the highest IQ scores could erase the blackboard, carry the flag, or take a note to the principal's office. She said in a 2015 interview, \"On the one hand, I didn't believe that a score on a test was that important; on the other hand, every student wants to succeed in the framework that's established. So looking back, I think that glorification of IQ was a pivotal point of my development.\" She graduated from Barnard College in"
},
{
"title": "Carol Dweck",
"text": " 1967 and earned a Ph.D. in psychology from Yale University in 1972.</s><s>Career and research. Dweck's first job after graduating was at the University of Illinois (1972–1981). She then joined Harvard's Laboratory of Human Development (1981–1985), returning to Illinois as a full professor (1985–1989). She moved to Columbia University as the William B. Ransford Professor of Psychology in 1989. Since 2004 she has been the Lewis and Virginia Eaton Professor of Psychology at Stanford University.</s><s>Career and research.:Mindset work. Dweck has primary research interests in motivation, personality, and development. She teaches courses in motivation, personality, and social development. Her key contribution to social psychology relates to implicit theories of intelligence, described in her 2006 book \"Mindset: The New Psychology of Success\". According to Dweck, individuals can be placed on a continuum according to their implicit views of where ability comes from. Some believe their success is based on innate ability; these are said to have a \"fixed\" theory of intelligence (fixed mindset). Others, who believe their success is based on hard work, learning, training and doggedness are said to have a \"growth\" or an \"incremental\" theory of intelligence ("
},
{
"title": "Carol Dweck",
"text": "growth mindset). Individuals may not necessarily be aware of their own mindset, but their mindset can still be discerned based on their behavior. It is especially evident in their reaction to failure. Fixed-mindset individuals dread failure because it is a negative statement on their basic abilities, while growth mindset individuals don't mind or fear failure as much because they realize their performance can be improved and learning comes from failure. These two mindsets play an important role in all aspects of a person's life. Dweck argues that the growth mindset will allow a person to live a less stressful and more successful life. Dweck's definition of fixed and growth mindsets from a 2012 interview: This is important because 1. individuals with a \"growth\" theory are more likely to continue working hard despite setbacks and 2. individuals' theories of intelligence may be affected by subtle environmental cues. As explained by Dweck, a growth mindset is not just about effort. Perhaps the most common misconception is simply equating the growth mindset with effort. \"The growth mindset was intended to help close achievement gaps, not hide them. It is about telling the truth about a student's current achievement and then, together, doing something about it, helping him or her become smarter.\" Dweck warns of the"
},
{
"title": "Carol Dweck",
"text": " dangers of praising intelligence as it puts children in a fixed mindset, and they will not want to be challenged because they will not want to look stupid or make a mistake. She notes, \"Praising children's intelligence harms motivation and it harms performance.\" She advises, \"If parents want to give their children a gift, the best thing they can do is to teach their children to love challenges, be intrigued by mistakes, enjoy effort, and keep on learning. That way, their children don't have to be slaves of praise. They will have a lifelong way to build and repair their own confidence.\"</s><s>Career and research.:Recent work. Dweck has held the position of Professor of Psychology at Stanford University since 2004, teaching developmental psychology, self theories, and independent studies. In 2017, she stated \"I am now developing a broad theory that puts motivation and the formation of mindsets (or beliefs) at the heart of social and personality development.\" Later that year she published the theory in a paper titled \"From needs to goals and representations: Foundations for a unified theory of motivation, personality, and development.\" Dweck, C. S. (2017). \"From needs to goals and representations: Foundations for a unified theory of motivation, personality,"
},
{
"title": "Carol Dweck",
"text": " and development.\" \"Psychological review\", 124(6), 689..</s><s>Career and research.:Criticism. Critics have said that Dweck's research can be difficult to replicate. An opinion piece published in \"The Spectator\" stated that: He also stated: Dweck has responded to this criticism by saying that researchers have not accurately replicated the conditions of the study. Nick Brown, who co-developed the GRIM statistical test argued: \"If your effect is so fragile that it can only be reproduced [under strictly controlled conditions], then why do you think it can be reproduced by schoolteachers?\" He points out that most of the research in this area has been conducted by Dweck or her collaborators. Another journalist, Tom Chivers writing for BuzzFeed, asserted that: Despite these criticisms, the findings have been reported in journals such as \"Psychological Science\" and \"Nature\", with research teams led by Dweck. When Brown applied the GRIM test, a simple statistical test used to identify inconsistencies in the analysis of granular data sets, to the work by Mueller and Dweck, he found inconsistencies. Dweck acknowledged and responded to the highlighted inconsistencies, some of which turned out to be mistakes. Brown praised Dwe"
},
{
"title": "Carol Dweck",
"text": "ck's \"openness and willingness to address the problems\" and said she had done a \"thorough job of owning up to the problems\" of the paper. Brown commented: \"I'm still skeptical about mindset as a construct, but at least I feel confident that the main people researching it are dedicated to doing the most careful reporting of their science that they can\". Other education and psychology researchers worry that \"mindset\" has simply become another aspect to be assessed and graded in children. Matt O'Leary, an education lecturer at Birmingham City University, tweeted that it was \"farcical\" that his six-year-old daughter was being graded on her attitude towards learning. David James, professor of social sciences at Cardiff University and editor of the \"British Journal of Sociology of Education\", says \"it's great to dwell on the fact that intelligence is not fundamentally genetic and unchangeable\", but he believes the limitations of mindset outweigh its uses. \"It individualises the failure'they couldn't change the way they think, so that's why they failed'.\" James notes that a study in 2013 showed no statistically significant effect of mindset theory. In July 2019, a large randomized controlled trial of growth mindset training by the Education Endowment Foundation involving 101 schools and 5018"
},
{
"title": "Carol Dweck",
"text": " pupils across England found that pupils in schools receiving the intervention showed no additional progress in literacy or numeracy relative to pupils in the control group, as measured by the national Key Stage 2 tests in reading, grammar, punctuation, and spelling (GPS), and mathematics.</s><s>Honors. Dweck was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2002 and to the National Academy of Sciences in 2012. She received the Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award from the American Psychological Association in 2011. On September 19, 2017, the Hong Kong-based Yidan Prize Foundation named Dweck one of two inaugural laureates, to be awarded the Yidan Prize for Education Research, citing her mindset work. The prize includes receipt of approximately US$3.9 million, divided equally between a cash prize and project funding.</s><s>Selected publications. - Dweck, C.S., & Bempechat, J. (1983). \"Children's theories of intelligence: Implications for learning\". In S. Paris, G. Olson, and H. Stevenson (Eds.) \"Learning and Motivation in Children\". Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. - - Heckhausen, J., & Dweck, C. S. ("
},
{
"title": "Carol Dweck",
"text": "Eds.). (1998). \"Motivation and Self-regulation across the Life Span\". Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. - Dweck, C. S. (2000). \"Self-theories: Their Role in Motivation, Personality and Development\". Philadelphia: Psychology Press. - Dweck, C. S. (2006). \"Mindset: The New Psychology of Success\". New York: Random House. - Elliot, A. J., & Dweck, C. S. (Rep. Eds.). (2007). \"Handbook of Competence and Motivation\". New York: Guilford. - Dweck, C. S. (2012). \"Mindset: How You Can Fulfill Your Potential\". Constable & Robinson Limited.</s><s>Personal life. Dweck is married to David Goldman, who is a national theatre director and critic and the founder and director of the National Center for New Plays at Stanford University.</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Carol Dweck",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "North America"
}
|
factscore-000311
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Lisa Ling.
|
[
{
"title": "Lisa Ling",
"text": "<s>Lisa Ling Lisa J. Ling (born August 30, 1973) is an American journalist, television personality, and author. She is currently the host of \"This Is Life with Lisa Ling \" on CNN. Previously, she was a reporter on Channel One News, a co-host on the ABC daytime talk show \"The View\" (1999–2002), the host of \"National Geographic Explorer\" (2003–2010), and a special correspondent for \"The Oprah Winfrey Show\". Ling later hosted \"Our America with Lisa Ling\" on the Oprah Winfrey Network from 2011 to 2014.</s><s>Early life. Ling was born in Sacramento, California. Her mother, Mary Mei-yan (née Wang), is a Taiwanese immigrant from Tainan, Taiwan, who served as the head of the Los Angeles office of the Formosan Association for Public Affairs. Ling's father, Chung Teh \"Douglas\" Ling, is a Chinese immigrant, born in Hong Kong in 1937. Her paternal grandmother was born on Labuan, now in modern-day Malaysia. Her paternal grandfather, who was from Guangzhou, Guangdong, was one of the first Chinese students allowed to study in the United States in the 1930s. He earned a degree from New York University"
},
{
"title": "Lisa Ling",
"text": " and an M.B.A degree from University of Colorado. He struggled to find a job in the United States. He moved to California where he eventually opened the first Chinese restaurant in Folsom. Ling's parents divorced when she was seven years old. Following the divorce, she and her sister Laura were raised by their father in Carmichael, near Sacramento. Ling admired reporter Connie Chung and aspired to become a journalist. Ling was educated at Del Campo High School in Fair Oaks, California, graduating in 1991. She studied at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles. Ling chose to leave USC before graduating, starting work as a reporter for Channel One News, and electing to \"find her education by visiting different countries instead.\" Speaking to USC students in 2016, Ling explained, \"I think traveling is the best education. If there's one takeaway here tonight, it's to travel. I'm convinced that you are better, smarter, more marketable as a job candidate if you travel.\" She is fluent in Spanish.</s><s>Career.</s><s>Career.:\"The View\" (1999–2002). Ling started in television when she was chosen as one of the four hosts of \"Scratch\", a nationally syndicated teen magazine show based in Sacramento."
},
{
"title": "Lisa Ling",
"text": " At 18, she joined Channel One News as one of their youngest reporters and anchors. Among her roles was war correspondent, including assignments in Iraq and Afghanistan. She won several awards for her reporting and documentaries. She joined \"The View\" on August 2, 1999 after beating out a reported 12,000 hopefuls who had auditioned to replace Debbie Matenopoulos, but left the show after three and a half years towards the end of 2002 to go back to international reporting. She was responsible for proposing segments like investing for women, and, according to Ling, her goal was to say one thing each day that would make people think, whether it made them cheer or made them throw things at their TV. She drew both fire and praise for her comments after the September 11, 2001 attacks, in which she said, \"What happened to the United States was a catastrophic event and the worst terrorist attack in human history. Yet maybe before we seek revenge, we should ask the question – why should anyone want to make such an attack on the U.S.?\"</s><s>Career.:\"National Geographic\" and \"Oprah\" (2003–2010). Ling accepted an offer to host \"National Geographic Ultimate Explorer.\" In 2005, the show moved to the National Geographic Channel and"
},
{
"title": "Lisa Ling",
"text": " returned to its original name, \"National Geographic Explorer\". Ling has covered the drug war in Colombia, investigated the notorious MS-13 gang, and explored the culture of U.S. prisons. She also was allowed to travel into North Korea as part of a medical missionary group, where she and a film team were able to document a rare look into North Korea. The trip was documented in the 2007 National Geographic documentary \"Inside North Korea\". She then became a special correspondent for \"The Oprah Winfrey Show\" which has featured many of Ling's investigative pieces, including a report on North Korea. Ling's title is \"Oprah Show Investigative Reporter.\" She also has reported on bride burning in India, gang rape in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Lord's Resistance Army in Uganda, child trafficking in Ghana, under cover investigation of Pennsylvanian puppy mills with Main Line Animal Rescue, the immediate aftermath of the hurricane in New Orleans, and the April 2007 Virginia Tech Massacre.</s><s>Career.:\"Planet in Peril\" and \"Our America\" (2008–2014). In December 2008, CNN's award-winning documentary \"Planet in Peril\" featured Ling in the series' second installment, called \"Battlelines\". As a correspondent, she tracked excessive shark fishing"
},
{
"title": "Lisa Ling",
"text": " in Costa Rica, elephant poaching in Chad, and explored the civil struggle within Nigeria for control over its oil. In 2010 Ling co-founded the website SecretSocietyOfWomen.com, a forum for women to share their problems anonymously. On February 16, 2011, her show \"Our America with Lisa Ling\" premiered on OWN: The Oprah Winfrey Network. It ran for five straight seasons. On June 7, 2009, she was awarded an honorary doctorate from National University, and gave the commencement speech there.</s><s>Career.:\"This Is Life\" (2014–present). On April 14, 2014, CNN announced that Ling would host a documentary series titled, \"This is Life with Lisa Ling\", in its primetime lineup. The show premiered on September 28, 2014.</s><s>Career.:HBO Max deal (2019–present). On October 22, 2019, it was announced that Ling had signed an overall deal with HBO's streaming service HBO Max. The first project that Ling will create with HBO Max is titled \"Birth, Wedding, Funeral\". On April 22, 2021, it was announced that HBO Max had ordered Ling's six-part documentary series titled \"Take Out\". The series will explore the world of America's Asian takeout restaurants"
},
{
"title": "Lisa Ling",
"text": " and the lives of the people and families who keep them running.</s><s>Personal life. In 2004, Ling met businessman Philip Levine of Florida through mutual friends. They started dating and were engaged on February 18, 2005. In October of that year, she broke it off, telling \"People Magazine\" the main reason was their busy schedules, especially the frequent global travel required by her job. On January 3, 2007, she announced her engagement to radiation oncologist Paul Song. They married on May 26, 2007, in Los Angeles, California. The wedding party included guests such as Connie Chung, one of Lisa's personal heroes, and actresses Kelly Hu and Diane Farr. Ling gave birth to her first child, a daughter named Jett Ling Song, on March 8, 2013. She gave birth to a second child, a daughter named Ray Ling Song, on June 6, 2016. The family resides in Santa Monica, California. Her younger sister, Laura Ling, also a journalist, was managing editor of Vanguard at Current TV and a host and reporter on E! Network. In March 2009 Laura and her colleague Euna Lee were detained by North Korea for illegal entry into the country. They had been attempting to film refugees along the border with China. In June, they"
},
{
"title": "Lisa Ling",
"text": " were sentenced to 12 years in a labor prison for illegal entry into North Korea, and unspecified hostile acts. North Korea released Laura and Euna on August 4, 2009 after a visit from former U.S. President Bill Clinton. Lisa and Laura Ling went on to collaborate on a book, \"Somewhere Inside: One Sister's Captivity in North Korea and the Other's Fight to Bring Her Home\", published in May 2010. Lisa Ling identifies herself as a \"die-hard feminist\". At the age of 40, Ling was diagnosed with attention deficit disorder.</s><s>Published works. -</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Lisa Ling",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "North America"
}
|
factscore-000312
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Dana Ashbrook.
|
[
{
"title": "Dana Ashbrook",
"text": "<s>Dana Ashbrook Dana Vernon Ashbrook (born May 24, 1967) is an American actor, best known for playing Bobby Briggs on the television series \"Twin Peaks\" (1990–1991, 2017) and its 1992 prequel film \"\".</s><s>Early life. Ashbrook was born in San Diego, California; his mother, D'Ann (née Paton) is a teacher and his father, Vernon L. \"Buddy\" Ashbrook, was a director of the Palomar College drama department. He is the brother of writer Taylor Ashbrook and actress Daphne Ashbrook.</s><s>Career. In 1978, Ashbrook made his film debut in an uncredited role in \"Attack of the Killer Tomatoes!\" A decade later, after an acting hiatus, Ashbrook guest starred on the television series \"Cagney & Lacey\", \"Knots Landing\", and \"ABC Afterschool Special\" before starring as Tom Essex in the 1988 horror film \"Return of the Living Dead Part II\". The same year, he starred in the horror film \"Waxwork\" alongside Deborah Foreman and guest starred on an episode of \"21 Jump Street\". In 1989, Ashbrook portrayed Joey in \"She's Out of Control\". From"
},
{
"title": "Dana Ashbrook",
"text": " 1990-1991, Ashbrook played Bobby Briggs on the cult TV series \"Twin Peaks\". While starring on \"Twin Peaks\", Ashbrook appeared in the films \"\" (1990), \"Ghost Dad\" (1990), \"Girlfriend from Hell\" (1990), and \"The Willies\" (1990) as well as on an episode of the television series \"The Hidden Room\". In 1992, Ashbrook reprised his role as Bobby Briggs in the prequel film \"\" and portrayed Clyde Barrow in the television film \"\" alongside Tracey Needham. In 1994, Ashbrook appeared in the short film \"The Coriolis Effect\" (alongside Jennifer Rubin and Quentin Tarantino) and in the film \"\". He acted in the 1995 science fiction television pilot \"W.E.I.R.D. World\", written and produced by the makers of the \"Tales from the Crypt\" series. In 1995, Ashbrook starred in the film \"Comfortably Numb\". In 1996, Ashbrook guest starred on the television series \"The Outer Limits\". The following year, Ashbrook was cast as Gary McDermott on the short-lived television series \"Crisis Center\". In 1998, he portrayed Seth in the film \"Interstate 5\" and guest starred"
},
{
"title": "Dana Ashbrook",
"text": " on the television series \"Welcome to Paradox\". Ashbrook has appeared on The WB's \"Charmed\" in the 2001 episode \"Just Harried\", on NBC's \"The Pretender\" in the 2000 episode \"Rules of Engagement\", on \"The Outer Limits\" in the 1996 episode \"Resurrection\", and on \"\" in the 2007 episode \"\". Ashbook played the recurring role of Rich Rinaldi on the television series \"Dawson's Creek\" (2002–2003). In 2009, Ashbrook joined the cast of the series \"Crash\" for the regular part of Jimmy. In 2010, he reunited with some of the cast of \"Twin Peaks\" on the comedy-tribute episode of \"Psych\", titled \"Dual Spires\". In 2012, Ashbrook starred alongside Ray Wise and Derek Mears in the Steven C. Miller psycho-thriller \"The Aggression Scale\". In 2014, he appeared in the werewolf horror film \"Late Phases\". In 2017, Ashbrook reprised his role as Bobby Briggs in David Lynch's revival series \"Twin Peaks: The Return\".</s><s>Personal life. Ashbrook married actress Kate Rogal on August 15, 2015 in a private ceremony in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Dana Ashbrook",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "North America"
}
|
factscore-000313
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Nikole Hannah-Jones.
|
[
{
"title": "Nikole Hannah-Jones",
"text": "<s>Nikole Hannah-Jones Nikole Sheri Hannah-Jones (born April 9, 1976) is an American investigative journalist, known for her coverage of civil rights in the United States. She joined \"The New York Times\" as a staff writer in April 2015, was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship in 2017, and won the Pulitzer Prize for Commentary in 2020 for her work on \"The 1619 Project\". Hannah-Jones is the inaugural Knight Chair in Race and Journalism at the Howard University School of Communications, where she also founded the Center for Journalism and Democracy.</s><s>Early life. Hannah-Jones was born in Waterloo, Iowa, to father Milton Hannah, who is African-American, and mother Cheryl A. Novotny, who is white and of Czech and English descent. Hannah-Jones is the second of three girls. She was raised Catholic. Hannah-Jones and her sister attended almost all-white schools as part of a voluntary program of desegregation busing. She attended Waterloo West High School, where she wrote for the high school newspaper and graduated in 1994. After high school, Hannah-Jones attended the University of Notre Dame where she earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in history and African-American studies in 1998. She graduated from the University of North Carolina"
},
{
"title": "Nikole Hannah-Jones",
"text": " Hussman School of Journalism and Media with a master's degree in 2003, where she was a Roy H. Park Fellow.</s><s>Career. In 2003, Hannah-Jones began her career covering education, which included the predominantly African American Durham Public Schools, for the Raleigh \"News & Observer,\" a position she held for three years. In 2006, Hannah-Jones moved to Portland, Oregon, where she wrote for \"The Oregonian\" for six years. During this time her assignments included feature work, demographics, and then government and census beats. In 2007, to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the 1965 Watts riots, Hannah-Jones wrote about the impact on the community of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders, also known as the Kerner Commission. From 2008 to 2009, Hannah-Jones received a fellowship from the Institute for Advanced Journalism Studies which enabled her to travel to Cuba to study universal healthcare and Cuba's educational system under Raul Castro. In 2011, she joined the nonprofit news organization \"ProPublica,\" which is based in New York City, where she covered civil rights and continued research she started in Oregon on redlining and in-depth investigative reporting on the lack of enforcement of the Fair Housing Act for minorities. Hannah-Jones also spent time in T"
},
{
"title": "Nikole Hannah-Jones",
"text": "uscaloosa, Alabama, where the decision in \"Brown v. Board of Education\" had little effect. Hannah-Jones was elected as a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2021. In 2021, Hannah-Jones told CBS News that \"All journalism is activism\". In January 2022, Hannah Jones and teacher Sheritta Stokes launched the 1619 Freedom School in Waterloo Iowa, inspired by the 1960s Freedom Schools of the civil-rights movement. The program is a five day a week, 2 hour literacy enrichment for the Waterloo school district for grade-school students.</s><s>Career.:\"The New York Times\". In 2015, Hannah-Jones became a staff reporter for \"The New York Times.\" Hannah-Jones has written about topics such as racial segregation, desegregation and resegregation in American schools and housing discrimination, and has spoken about these issues on national public radio broadcasts. She writes to discover and expose the systemic and institutional racism that she says are perpetuated by official laws and acts. Her work on racial inequalities has been particularly influential and is cited widely. Hannah-Jones reported on the school district where teenager Michael Brown had been shot, one of the \"most segregated, impoverished districts in the entire state\" of Missouri. Reviewer Laura Mos"
},
{
"title": "Nikole Hannah-Jones",
"text": "er of \"Slate\" praised her report on school resegregation, which showed how educational inequality may have been a factor in the death of Brown. Hannah-Jones was a 2017 Emerson Fellow at the New America Foundation, where she worked on a book on school segregation. The book, \"The Problem We All Live With\", is due out in June 2020 from Chris Jackson's One World imprint at Random House. Hannah-Jones is a 2017 recipient of the MacArthur Foundation fellowship. The award cited her \"Chronicling the persistence of racial segregation in American society, particularly in education, and reshaping national conversations around education reform.\"</s><s>Career.:\"The New York Times\".:1619 Project. In 2019, Hannah-Jones launched a project to fundamentally change the way slavery in the United States was viewed, timed for the 400th anniversary of the arrival of the first enslaved Africans in Virginia. Hannah-Jones produced a series of articles for a special issue of \"The New York Times Magazine\" titled The 1619 Project. The ongoing initiative began August 14, 2019, and \"aims to reframe the country's history by placing the consequences of slavery and the contributions of black Americans at the very center of our national narrative.\" The project featured essays by a combination of staff"
},
{
"title": "Nikole Hannah-Jones",
"text": " writers and academics including Princeton historian Kevin M. Kruse, Harvard-trained lawyer Bryan Stevenson, Princeton sociologist Matthew Desmond, and SUNY historian Anne Bailey. In the opening essay, Hannah-Jones wrote \"No aspect of the country that would be formed here has been untouched by the years of slavery that followed.\" The project also included poems, short fiction, and a photo essay. Originally conceived of as a special issue, it was soon turned into a full-fledged project, including a special broadsheet section in the newspaper, live events, and a multi-episode podcast series. In 2020, Hannah-Jones won a Pulitzer Prize for Commentary for her work on the 1619 Project. The award cited her \"sweeping, provocative and personal essay for the ground-breaking 1619 Project, which seeks to place the enslavement of Africans at the center of America's story, prompting public conversation about the nation's founding and evolution.\" Her paper was criticized by historians Gordon S. Wood and Leslie M. Harris, specifically for asserting that \"one of the primary reasons the colonists decided to declare their independence from Britain was because they wanted to protect the institution of slavery.\" The article was \"clarified\" in March 2020 to read \"for some of the colonists\". There was also"
},
{
"title": "Nikole Hannah-Jones",
"text": " debate around whether the project suggested the nation was founded in 1619 with the arrival of enslaved Africans rather than in 1776 with the Declaration of Independence. Speaking to \"New York Times\" opinion writer Bret Stephens, Hannah-Jones said the suggestion of considering 1619 as a jumping-off point for interpreting US history had always been so self-evidently metaphorical that it went without saying. New York University's Arthur L. Carter Journalism Institute named the 1619 Project as one of the 10 greatest works of journalism in the decade from 2010 to 2019. In 2022 the Hannah-Jones was nominated at the NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Literary Work – Nonfiction and was recognized with the Social Justice Impact Award.</s><s>Career.:University of North Carolina. In April 2021, the University of North Carolina announced Hannah-Jones would join the Hussman School of Journalism and Media in July 2021 as the Knight Chair in Race and Investigative Journalism. Following criticism, particularly from conservative groups who expressed disagreement with the 1619 Project and questioned Hannah-Jones's credentials, the University Board of Trustees, presented with the tenure committee's recommendation to approve her application for tenure, instead took no action. Unable to offer tenure without approval by its trustees, UNC announced they would instead offer a fixed five-"
},
{
"title": "Nikole Hannah-Jones",
"text": "year contract with an option for tenure review—terms to which Hannah-Jones agreed. Outraged, more than 40 Hussman faculty members signed a statement criticizing the board's inaction, noting that the previous two Knight Chairs were given tenure and claiming that UNC \"unfairly moves the goal posts\" by not offering Hannah-Jones the same. The school's Black Caucus also condemned the terms of her contract, and students joined faculty in protests. Hannah-Jones stated, \"It's pretty clear that my tenure was not taken up because of political opposition, because of discriminatory views against my viewpoint and, I believe, [because of] my race and my gender.\"</s><s>Career.:Howard University. Hannah-Jones refused the position at North Carolina and decided to accept a tenured position at Howard University instead, where she will be the inaugural Knight Chair in Race and Journalism. Hannah-Jones said, \"Once the news broke and I started to see the extent of the political interference, particularly the reporting on Walter Hussman, it became really clear to me that I just could not work at a school named after Walter Hussman. To be a person who has stood for what I stand for and have any integrity whatsoever, I just couldn't see how I could do that.\""
},
{
"title": "Nikole Hannah-Jones",
"text": " Ta-Nehisi Coates will join Hannah-Jones at Howard as the Sterling Brown Chair in the English Department. Jones also brings $20 million to Howard to support her work there, $5 million each from the Knight Foundation, the MacArthur Foundation, the Ford Foundation and an anonymous donor.</s><s>Controversies and criticism.</s><s>Controversies and criticism.:Criticism of the 1619 Project. Five historians wrote to \"The New York Times Magazine\" to ask the creators of its 1619 Project to issue corrections, including for Hannah-Jones's assertions on the American Revolution and on Lincoln. The correction request was signed by Victoria Bynum of Texas State University, James M. McPherson and Sean Wilentz of Princeton University, James Oakes of the City University of New York, and Gordon S. Wood of Brown University. Historian Leslie M. Harris, who was consulted for the Project, wrote in \"Politico\" that she had warned that the idea that the American Revolution was fought to protect slavery was inaccurate, and that the \"Times\" made avoidable mistakes. In the May 2022 issue of the libertarian magazine \"Reason\", reporter Phillip W. Magness criticized the 1619 Project as \"junk history.\" Magness contrasted the"
},
{
"title": "Nikole Hannah-Jones",
"text": " present work of Hannah-Jones with past work at historical understanding of slavery by prominent African-Americans such as Zora Neale Hurston. Magness stated:</s><s>Controversies and criticism.:\"Free Beacon\" reporter. A \"Washington Free Beacon\" reporter highlighted a tweet from Hannah-Jones from May 2016 in which she quoted someone using a racial slur. After being asked for comment, Hannah-Jones posted the reporter's inquiry, which contained his work phone number, on Twitter. In an interview with \"Slate\", Hannah-Jones said, \"I didn't realize I was tweeting out his phone number, and when someone mentioned it, I should have deleted it. So absolutely. I did not intend to do that, and I wish that I hadn't.\"</s><s>Controversies and criticism.:Fireworks tweet. In June 2020, Jones apologized for retweeting a conspiracy theory claiming that fireworks were being set off by \"government agents\" to dampen the Black Lives Matter movement.</s><s>Controversies and criticism.:Middlesex School. In October 2021, the Middlesex School in Concord, Massachusetts rescinded a speaking invitation to Nikole Hannah-Jones for February 2022, claiming \"the 'noise' associated with having Nikole as the speaker would"
},
{
"title": "Nikole Hannah-Jones",
"text": " take away from the overall experience.\"</s><s>Controversies and criticism.:Comments on Europe and Ukraine. In a February 2022 tweet, Hannah-Jones stated that Europe is \"not a continent by definition\" alleging that there is \"a geopolitical fiction to separate it from Asia\" (a reference to the fact that Eurasia, the largest continental landmass in the world, is geologically a single continent rather than two separate continents). She referred to the alarm over Russia's invasion of Ukraine and its people, who \"appear white\" as a racial \"dog whistle\". Several Twitter users rebuked and mocked Hannah-Jones for denying that Europe is a continent and for applying systemic racism to the invasion of Ukraine. Anthropologist Peter W. Wood called her comments \"triumphant silliness\" which came down to her desire \"to find racism at the root of whatever happens\". Shadi Hamid, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, said it was \"absurd\" for Hannah-Jones to claim that Europe isn't a continent and also called her comments about Ukraine \"pretty insensitive considering Ukrainians are dying.\" She later clarified that \"We should care about Ukraine,\" but not because \"it is European, or the people appear white, or they are 'civilized' and not"
},
{
"title": "Nikole Hannah-Jones",
"text": " 'impoverished.'\"</s><s>Ida B. Wells Society for Investigative Reporting. In early 2015, Nikole Hannah-Jones, along with Ron Nixon, Corey Johnson, and Topher Sanders, began dreaming of creating the Ida B. Wells Society for Investigative Reporting. This organization was launched in Memphis, Tennessee, in 2016, with the purpose of promoting investigative journalism, which is the least common type of reporting. Following in the footsteps of Ida B. Wells, this society encourages minority journalists to expose injustices perpetuated by the government and defend people who are susceptible to being taken advantage of. This organization was created with support from the Open Society Foundations, Ford Foundation, and CUNY Graduate School of Journalism.</s><s>Personal life. Hannah-Jones lives in the Bedford–Stuyvesant neighborhood of Brooklyn with her husband, Faraji Hannah-Jones (both shared their last names when they married November 1, 2003), and their daughter.</s><s>Awards. - 2007, 2008, 2010: Society of Professional Journalists, Pacific Northwest, Excellence in Journalism Award - 2012: Gannett Foundation Innovation in Watchdog Journalism Award - 2013: Sidney Award - 2013: Columbia University, Paul Tobenkin Memorial Award - 2015: National Awards for Education Reporting,"
},
{
"title": "Nikole Hannah-Jones",
"text": " first prize, beat reporting - 2015: National Association of Black Journalists, Journalist of the Year - 2015: National Magazine Award finalist, public interest - 2015: Education Writers Association, Fred M. Hechinger Grand Prize for Distinguished Education Reporting - 2015: Emerson College President's Award for Civic Leadership - 2015: The Root 100 - 2016: George Polk Award, radio reporting - 2017: MacArthur Foundation Fellowship - 2017: National Magazine Award winner, public interest - 2019: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Distinguished Alumna Award - 2020: 2020 Pulitzer Prize for Commentary - 2021: \"Time\" magazine 100 - 2022:NAACP Image Award Social Justice Impact Award - 2022: NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Literary Work – Nonfiction for \"The 1619 Project: A New Origin Story\"</s><s>Publications. - Hannah-Jones, Nikole. \"Fields of Lost Dreams: How Race and Racism Have Contributed to the Overrepresentation of Blacks in the Iowa Prison System\". 2003. Print. - Hannah-Jones, Nikole. \"Living Apart\". ProPublica, 2012. Internet resource. - Hannah-Jones, Nikole. \"Segregation Now: Investigating America's Racial Divide\". 2014. Print. - Hannah-Jones,"
},
{
"title": "Nikole Hannah-Jones",
"text": " Nikole, and Allyson Johnson. \"The Burden: African Americans and the Enduring Impact of Slavery\". Minneapolis, Minn: Highbridge Audio, 2018. Internet resource. - Hannah-Jones, Nikole, Mary Elliott, Jazmine Hughes, and Jake Silverstein. \"The 1619 Project: New York Times Magazine, August 18, 2019\". 2019. Print. - Hannah-Jones, Nikole. \"The 1619 Project: A New Origin Story\". 2021. Print. - Hannah-Jones, Nikole, Renée Watson, and Nikkolas Smith. \"The 1619 Project – Born on the Water\". 2021. Print.</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Nikole Hannah-Jones",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "North America"
}
|
factscore-000314
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Don DeLillo.
|
[
{
"title": "Don DeLillo",
"text": "<s>Don DeLillo Donald Richard DeLillo (born November 20, 1936) is an American novelist, short story writer, playwright, screenwriter and essayist. His works have covered subjects as diverse as television, nuclear war, sports, the complexities of language, performance art, the Cold War, mathematics, the advent of the digital age, politics, economics, and global terrorism. DeLillo was already a well-regarded cult writer in 1985, when the publication of \"White Noise\" brought him widespread recognition and won him the National Book Award for fiction. He followed this in 1988 with \"Libra\", a bestseller. DeLillo has twice been a Pulitzer Prize for Fiction finalist (for \"Mao II\" in 1992 and for \"Underworld\" in 1998), won the PEN/Faulkner Award for \"Mao II\" in 1992, won the 1999 Jerusalem Prize, was granted the PEN/Saul Bellow Award for Achievement in American Fiction in 2010, and won the Library of Congress Prize for American Fiction in 2013. DeLillo had described his fiction as concerned with \"living in dangerous times\", and in a 2005 interview he said that writers \"must oppose systems. It's important to write against power, corporations, the state,"
},
{
"title": "Don DeLillo",
"text": " and the whole system of consumption and of debilitating entertainments... I think writers, by nature, must oppose things, oppose whatever power tries to impose on us.\"</s><s>Early life and influences. DeLillo was born on November 20, 1936, in New York City and grew up in a working-class Italian Catholic family with ties to Molise, Italy, in an Italian-American neighborhood of the Bronx not far from Arthur Avenue.{{Cite news }} Reflecting on his childhood in the Bronx, DeLillo said he was \"always out in the street. As a little boy I whiled away most of my time pretending to be a baseball announcer on the radio. I could think up games for hours at a time. There were eleven of us in a small house, but the close quarters were never a problem. I didn't know things any other way. We always spoke English and Italian all mixed up together. My grandmother, who lived in America for fifty years, never learned English.\" As a teenager, DeLillo was not interested in writing until he took a summer job as a parking attendant, where the hours spent waiting and watching over vehicles led to a lifelong reading habit. Reflecting on this period, in a 2010 interview, he stated, \"I had a"
},
{
"title": "Don DeLillo",
"text": " personal golden age of reading in my 20s and my early 30s, and then my writing began to take up so much time\". Among the writers DeLillo read and was inspired by in this period were James Joyce, William Faulkner, Flannery O'Connor, and Ernest Hemingway, who was a major influence on DeLillo's earliest attempts at writing in his late teens. As well as the influence of modernist fiction, DeLillo has also cited the influence of jazz music—\"guys like Ornette Coleman and Mingus and Coltrane and Miles Davis\"—and postwar cinema: \"Antonioni and Godard and Truffaut, and then in the '70s came the Americans, many of whom were influenced by the Europeans: Kubrick, Altman, Coppola, Scorsese and so on. I don't know how they may have affected the way I write, but I do have a visual sense.\" Of the influence of film, particularly European cinema, on his work, DeLillo has said, \"European and Asian cinemas of the 1960s shaped the way I think and feel about things. At that time I was living in New York, I didn't have much money, didn't have much work, I was"
},
{
"title": "Don DeLillo",
"text": " living in one room...I was a man in a small room. And I went to the movies a lot, watching Bergman, Antonioni, Godard. When I was little, in the Bronx, I didn't go to the cinema, and I didn't think of the American films I saw as works of art. Perhaps, in an indirect way, cinema allowed me to become a writer.\" He also credits his parents' leniency and acceptance of his desire to write for encouraging him to pursue a literary career: \"They ultimately trusted me to follow the course I'd chosen. This is something that happens if you're the eldest son in an Italian family: You get a certain leeway, and it worked in my case.\" After graduating from Cardinal Hayes High School in the Bronx in 1954 and from Fordham University in the Bronx with a bachelor's degree in communication arts in 1958, DeLillo took a job in advertising because he could not get one in publishing. He worked for five years as a copywriter at Ogilvy & Mather on Fifth Avenue, writing image ads for Sears Roebuck among others, working on \"Print ads, very undistinguished accounts...I hadn't made the leap to television. I was just getting good at it when"
},
{
"title": "Don DeLillo",
"text": " I left, in 1964.\" DeLillo published his first short story in 1960—\"The River Jordan\", in \"Epoch\", Cornell University's literary magazine—and began to work on his first novel in 1966. Of the beginning of his writing career, DeLillo has said, \"I did some short stories at that time but very infrequently. I quit my job just to quit. I didn't quit my job to write fiction. I just didn't want to work anymore.\"{{cite news }} Reflecting in 1993 on his relatively late start in writing novels, DeLillo said, \"I wish I had started earlier, but evidently I wasn't ready. First, I lacked ambition. I may have had novels in my head but very little on paper and no personal goals, no burning desire to achieve some end. Second, I didn't have a sense of what it takes to be a serious writer. It took me a long time to develop this.\"</s><s>Works.</s><s>Works.:1970s. DeLillo's inaugural decade of novel writing has been his most productive to date, resulting in the writing and publication of six novels between 1971 and 1978. He resigned from the advertising industry in 1964, moved into a modest apartment near the Queens–Midtown Tunnel (\""
},
{
"title": "Don DeLillo",
"text": "It wasn't Paris in the 1920s, but I was happy\"), and began work on his first novel. Of the early days of his writing career, he remarked: \"I lived in a very minimal kind of way. My telephone would be $4.20 every month. I was paying a rent of sixty dollars a month. And I was becoming a writer. So in one sense, I was ignoring the movements of the time.\" His first novel, \"Americana\", was written over four years and finally published in 1971, to modest critical praise. \"Americana\" concerned \"a television network programmer who hits the road in search of the big picture\". DeLillo revised the novel in 1989 for paperback reprinting. Reflecting on the novel later in his career, he said, \"I don't think my first novel would have been published today as I submitted it. I don't think an editor would have read 50 pages of it. It was very overdone and shaggy, but two young editors saw something that seemed worth pursuing and eventually we all did some work on the book and it was published.\" Later still, DeLillo continued to feel a degree of surprise that \"Americana\" was published: \"I was working on my first novel, \"Americ"
},
{
"title": "Don DeLillo",
"text": "ana\", for two years before I ever realized that I could be a writer [...] I had absolutely no assurance that this book would be published because I knew that there were elements that I simply didn't know how to improve at that point. So I wrote for another two years and finished the novel. It wasn't all that difficult to find a publisher, to my astonishment. I didn't have a representative. I didn't know anything about publishing. But an editor at Houghton Mifflin read the manuscript and decided that this was worth pursuing.\" \"Americana\" was followed in rapid succession by the American college football/nuclear war black comedy \"End Zone\" (1972)—written under the working titles \"The Self-Erasing Word\" and \"Modes of Disaster Technology\"—and the rock and roll satire \"Great Jones Street\" (1973), which DeLillo later felt was \"one of the books I wish I'd done differently. It should be tighter, and probably a little funnier.\" He married Barbara Bennett, a former banker turned landscape designer, in 1975. DeLillo's fourth novel, \"Ratner's Star\" (1976)—which according to DeLillo is \"structure[d] [...] on the writings of Lewis Carroll, in particular \"Alice"
},
{
"title": "Don DeLillo",
"text": " in Wonderland\" and \"Alice Through the Looking Glass\"—took two years to write and drew numerous favorable comparisons to the works of Thomas Pynchon. This \"conceptual monster\", as DeLillo scholar Tom LeClair has called it, is \"the picaresque story of a 14-year-old math genius who joins an international consortium of mad scientists decoding an alien message.\" DeLillo has said it was both one of the most difficult books for him to write and his personal favorite of his novels. Following this early attempt at a major long novel, DeLillo ended the decade with two shorter works. \"Players\" (1977), originally conceived as \"based on what could be called the intimacy of language—what people who live together really sound like\", concerned the lives of a young yuppie couple as the husband gets involved with a cell of domestic terrorists. Its 1978 successor, \"Running Dog\" (1978), written in four months, was a thriller about a hunt for a celluloid reel of Hitler's sexual exploits. Of \"Running Dog\", DeLillo remarked, \"What I was really getting at in \"Running Dog\" was a sense of the terrible acquisitiveness in which we live coupled with a final indifference to the object. After all the mad"
},
{
"title": "Don DeLillo",
"text": " attempts to acquire the thing, everyone suddenly decides that, well, maybe we really don't care about this so much anyway. This was something I felt characterized our lives at the time the book was written in the mid to late seventies. I think this was part of American consciousness then.\" In 1978, DeLillo was awarded the Guggenheim Fellowship, which he used to fund a trip around the Middle East before settling in Greece, where he wrote his next novels, \"Amazons\" and \"The Names\". Of his first six novels and his rapid writing turnover later in his career, DeLillo said, \"I wasn't learning to slow down and examine what I was doing more closely. I don't have regrets about that work, but I do think that if I had been a bit less hasty in starting each new book, I might have produced somewhat better work in the 1970s. My first novel took so long and was such an effort that once I was free of it, I almost became carefree in a sense and moved right through the decade, stopping, in a way, only at \"Ratner's Star\" (1976), which was an enormous challenge for me and probably a bigger challenge for the reader. But I slowed down in the 1980"
},
{
"title": "Don DeLillo",
"text": "s and '90s.\" DeLillo has also acknowledged some of the weaknesses of his 1970s works, reflecting in 2007: \"I knew I wasn't doing utterly serious work, let me put it that way.\"</s><s>Works.:1980s. The beginning of the 1980s saw the most unusual and uncharacteristic publication in DeLillo's career. The sports novel \"Amazons\", a mock memoir of the first woman to play in the National Hockey League, is a far more lighthearted and more evidently commercial novel than his previous and subsequent ones. DeLillo published the novel under the pseudonym Cleo Birdwell, and later requested publishers compiling a bibliography for a reprint of a later novel to expunge the novel from their lists. While DeLillo was living in Greece, he took three years to write \"The Names\" (1982), a complex thriller about \"a risk analyst who crosses paths with a cult of assassins in the Middle East\". While lauded by an increasing number of literary critics, DeLillo was still relatively unknown outside small academic circles and did not reach a wide readership with this novel. Also in 1982, DeLillo finally broke his self-imposed ban on media coverage by giving his first major interview to Tom LeClair, who had first tracked"
},
{
"title": "Don DeLillo",
"text": " DeLillo down for an interview while he was in Greece in 1979. On that occasion, DeLillo handed LeClair a business card with his name printed on it and beneath that the message \"I don't want to talk about it.\" With the 1985 publication of his eighth novel, \"White Noise\", DeLillo rapidly became a noted and respected novelist. \"White Noise\" was arguably a major breakthrough both commercially and artistically for DeLillo, earning him a National Book Award for Fiction and a place in the canon of contemporary postmodern novelists. DeLillo remained as detached as ever from his growing reputation: when called upon to give an acceptance speech for the award, he simply said, \"I'm sorry I couldn't be here tonight, but I thank you all for coming,\" and then sat down. \"White Noise\"'s influence can be seen in the writing of David Foster Wallace, Jonathan Lethem, Jonathan Franzen, Dave Eggers, Martin Amis, Zadie Smith and Richard Powers (who provides an introduction to the 25th anniversary edition of the novel). Among the 39 proposed titles for the novel were \"All Souls\", \"Ultrasonic\", \"The American Book of the Dead\", \"Psychic Data\" and \"Mein Kampf\". In"
},
{
"title": "Don DeLillo",
"text": " 2005 DeLillo said \"White Noise\" was a fine choice, adding, \"Once a title is affixed to a book, it becomes as indelible as a sentence or a paragraph.\" DeLillo followed \"White Noise\" with \"Libra\" (1988), a speculative fictionalized life of Lee Harvey Oswald up to the 1963 assassination of John F. Kennedy. DeLillo undertook a vast research project, which included reading at least half of the Warren Commission report (which DeLillo called \"the Oxford English Dictionary of the assassination and also the Joycean novel. This is the one document that captures the full richness and madness and meaning of the event, despite the fact that it omits about a ton and a half of material.\") Written with the working titles \"American Blood\" and \"Texas School Book\", \"Libra\" became an international bestseller, one of five finalists for the National Book Award, and the winner of the next year's \"Irish Times\" Aer Lingus International Fiction Prize. The novel also elicited fierce critical division, with some critics praising DeLillo's take on the Kennedy assassination while others decried it. George Will, in the \"Washington Post\", declared the book an affront to America and \"an act of literary vandalism and bad citizenship\"."
},
{
"title": "Don DeLillo",
"text": " DeLillo responded \"I don't take it seriously, but being called a 'bad citizen' is a compliment to a novelist, at least to my mind. That's exactly what we ought to do. We ought to be bad citizens. We ought to, in the sense that we're writing against what power represents, and often what government represents, and what the corporation dictates, and what consumer consciousness has come to mean. In that sense, if we're bad citizens, we're doing our job.\" In the same interview DeLillo rejected Will's claim that DeLillo blames America for Lee Harvey Oswald, countering that he instead blamed America for George Will. DeLillo has frequently reflected on the significance of the Kennedy assassination to not only his own work but American culture and history as a whole, remarking in 2005, \"November 22nd, 1963, marked the real beginning of the 1960s. It was the beginning of a series of catastrophes: political assassinations, the war in Vietnam, the denial of Civil Rights and the revolts that occasioned, youth revolt in American cities, right up to Watergate. When I was starting out as a writer it seemed to me that a large part of the material you could find in my novels—this sense of fatality,"
},
{
"title": "Don DeLillo",
"text": " of widespread suspicion, of mistrust—came from the assassination of JFK.\"</s><s>Works.:1990s. DeLillo's concerns about the position of the novelist and the novel in a media- and terrorist-dominated society were made clear in his next novel, \"Mao II\" (1991). Clearly influenced by the events surrounding the fatwa placed on the author Salman Rushdie and the intrusion of the press into the life of the writer J. D. Salinger, \"Mao II\" earned DeLillo significant critical praise from, among others, John Banville and Thomas Pynchon. He earned a PEN/Faulkner Award and a Pulitzer Prize finalist nomination for \"Mao II\" in 1991 and 1992, respectively. Following \"Mao II\", DeLillo went underground and spent several years writing and researching his 11th novel. Aside from the publication of a folio short story, \"Pafko at the Wall\", in a 1992 issue of \"Harper's Magazine\", and one short story in 1995, little was seen or heard of him for a number of years. He told \"The\" \"Paris Review\": “Sometime in late 1991, I started writing something new and didn’t know what it would be"
},
{
"title": "Don DeLillo",
"text": " – a novel, a short story, a long story. It was simply a piece of writing, and it gave me more pleasure than any other writing I’ve done. It turned into a novella, \"Pafko at the Wall\", and it appeared in \"Harper’s\" about a year after I started it. At some point I decided I wasn’t finished with the piece. I was sending signals into space and getting echoes back, like a dolphin or a bat. So the piece, slightly altered, is now the prologue to a novel-in-progress, which will have a different title. And the pleasure has long since faded into the slogging reality of the no man’s land of the long novel. But I’m still hearing the echoes.” This would become the first chapter of his epic Cold War history \"Underworld\". The book was widely heralded as a masterpiece, with novelist and critic Martin Amis saying it marked \"the ascension of a great writer.\"{{cite news }} Harold Bloom called it \"the culmination of what Don can do.\" Bloom named DeLillo as one of the four greatest living American novelists, along with Cormac McCarthy, Philip Roth and Thomas"
},
{
"title": "Don DeLillo",
"text": " Pynchon, naming their respective masterpieces as \"Blood Meridian\", \"Sabbath's Theater\" and \"American Pastoral\", \"The Crying of Lot 49, Gravity's Rainbow\" and \"Mason & Dixon\", and \"Underworld\". \"Underworld\" went on to become DeLillo's most acclaimed novel to date, achieving mainstream success and earning nominations for the National Book Award and the \"New York Times\" Best Books of the Year in 1997, and a second Pulitzer Prize for Fiction nomination in 1998. The novel won the 1998 American Book Award, and both the William Dean Howells Medal and Riccardo Bacchelli International Award in 2000. It was a runner-up in the 2006 \"New York Times\"' survey of the best American fiction of the last 25 years. \"White Noise\" and \"Libra\" were also recognized by the anonymous jury of contemporary writers. DeLillo later expressed surprise at \"Underworld\"'s success. In 2007, he remarked: \"When I finished with \"Underworld\", I didn't really have any all-too-great hopes, to be honest. It's some pretty complicated stuff: 800 pages, more than 100 different characters—who's going to be interested in that?\" After rereading it in"
},
{
"title": "Don DeLillo",
"text": " 2010, over ten years after its publication, DeLillo said that rereading it \"made me wonder whether I would be capable of that kind of writing now—the range and scope of it. There are certain parts of the book where the exuberance, the extravagance, I don't know, the overindulgence...There are city scenes in New York that seem to transcend reality in a certain way.\"</s><s>Works.:2000s. Although they have received some acclaim in places, DeLillo's post-\"Underworld\" novels have been often viewed by critics as \"disappointing and slight, especially when held up against his earlier, big-canvas epics\", marking a shift \"away from sweeping, era-defining novels\" such as \"White Noise\", \"Libra\" and \"Underworld\" to a more \"spare and oblique\" style, characterized by \"decreased length, the decommissioning of plot machinery and the steep deceleration of narrative time\". DeLillo has said of this shift to shorter novels, \"If a longer novel announces itself, I'll write it. A novel creates its own structure and develops its own terms. I tend to follow. And I never try to stretch what I sense is"
},
{
"title": "Don DeLillo",
"text": " a compact book.\" In a March 2010 interview, it was reported that DeLillo's deliberate stylistic shift had been informed by his having recently reread several slim but seminal European novels, including Albert Camus's \"The Stranger\", Peter Handke's \"The Goalie's Anxiety at the Penalty Kick\", and Max Frisch's \"Man in the Holocene\". After the publication and extensive publicity drive for \"Underworld\", DeLillo once again retreated from the spotlight to write his 12th novel, surfacing with \"The Body Artist\" in 2001. The novel has many established DeLillo preoccupations, particularly its interest in performance art and domestic privacies in relation to the wider scope of events. But it is very different in style and tone from the epic history of \"Underworld\", and met with mixed critical reception. DeLillo followed \"The Body Artist\" with 2003's \"Cosmopolis\", a modern reinterpretation of James Joyce's \"Ulysses\" transposed to New York around the time of the collapse of the dot-com bubble in 2000. This novel was met at the time with a largely negative reception from critics, with several high-profile critics and novelists—notably John Updike—voicing their objections to its style and"
},
{
"title": "Don DeLillo",
"text": " tone. When asked in 2005 how he felt about the novel's mixed reception compared to the broader positive consensus afforded to \"Underworld\", DeLillo remarked: \"I try to stay detached from that aspect of my work as a writer. I didn't read any reviews or articles. Maybe it [the negative reception] was connected to September 11. I'd almost finished writing the book when the attacks took place, and so they couldn't have had any influence on the book's conception, nor on its writing. Perhaps for certain readers this upset their expectations.\" Critical opinions have since been revised, the novel latterly being seen as prescient for its focus on the flaws and weaknesses of the international financial system and cybercapital. DeLillo's papers were acquired in 2004 by the Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center at the University of Texas at Austin, reputedly for \"half a million dollars\". There are \"[one] hundred and twenty-five boxes\" of DeLillo materials, including various drafts and correspondence. Of his decision to donate his papers to the Ransom Center, DeLillo has said: \"I ran out of space and also felt, as one does at a certain age, that I was running out of time. I didn't want to leave behind an enormous mess"
},
{
"title": "Don DeLillo",
"text": " of papers for family members to deal with. Of course, I've since produced more paper—novel, play, essay, etc.—and so the cycle begins again.\" DeLillo published his final novel of the decade, \"Falling Man\", in 2007. The novel concerns the impact on one family of the 9/11 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center in New York, \"an intimate story which is encompassed by a global event\". DeLillo said he originally \"didn't ever want to write a novel about 9/11\" and \"had an idea for a different book\" he had \"been working on for half a year\" in 2004 when he came up with the idea for the novel, beginning work on it following the reelection of George W. Bush that November. Although highly anticipated and eagerly awaited by critics, who felt that DeLillo was one of the contemporary writers best equipped to tackle the events of 9/11 in novelistic form, the novel met with a mixed critical reception and garnered no major literary awards or nominations. DeLillo remained unconcerned by this relative lack of critical acclaim, remarking in 2010, \"In the 1970s, when I started writing novels, I was a figure in the margins, and that's where I belonged. If"
},
{
"title": "Don DeLillo",
"text": " I'm headed back that way, that's fine with me because that's always where I felt I belonged. Things changed for me in the 1980s and 1990s, but I've always preferred to be somewhere in the corner of a room, observing.\" On July 24, 2009, \"Entertainment Weekly\" announced that David Cronenberg would adapt \"Cosmopolis\" for the screen, with \"a view to eventually direct.\" \"Cosmopolis\", eventually released in 2012, became the first direct adaptation for the screen of a DeLillo novel, although both \"Libra\" and \"Underworld\" had previously been optioned for screen treatments. There were discussions about adapting \"End Zone\", and DeLillo has written an original screenplay for the film \"Game 6\". DeLillo ended the decade by making an unexpected appearance at a PEN event on the steps of the New York City Public Library in support of Chinese dissident writer Liu Xiaobo, who was sentenced to 11 years in prison for \"inciting subversion of state power\" on December 31, 2009.</s><s>Works.:2010s. DeLillo published \"Point Omega\", his 15th novel, in February 2010. According to DeLillo, the novel considers an idea from \"the writing of the Jesuit thinker and"
},
{
"title": "Don DeLillo",
"text": " paleontologist [Pierre] Teilhard de Chardin.\" The Omega Point of the title \"[is] the possible idea that human consciousness is reaching a point of exhaustion and that what comes next may be either a paroxysm or something enormously sublime and unenvisionable.\" \"Point Omega\" is DeLillo's shortest novel to date, and he has said it could be considered a companion piece to \"The Body Artist\": \"In its reflections on time and loss, this may be a philosophical novel and maybe, considering its themes, the book shares a place in my work with \"The Body Artist\", another novel of abbreviated length.\" Reviews were polarized, with some saying the novel was a return to form and innovative, while others complained about its brevity and lack of plot and engaging characters. Upon its initial release, \"Point Omega\" spent one week on \"The New York Times Best Seller list\", peaking at No. 35 on the extended version of the list during its one-week stay on the list. In a January 29, 2010, interview with \"The Wall Street Journal\", DeLillo discussed at great length \"Point Omega\", his views of writing, and his plans for the future. When asked why his recent novels had been shorter, DeL"
},
{
"title": "Don DeLillo",
"text": "illo replied, \"Each book tells me what it wants or what it is, and I'd be perfectly content to write another long novel. It just has to happen.\" While DeLillo is open to the idea of returning to the form of the long novel, the interview also revealed that he had no interest in doing as many of his literary contemporaries have done and writing a memoir. DeLillo also made some observations on the state of literature and the challenges facing young writers: It's tougher to be a young writer today than when I was a young writer. I don't think my first novel would have been published today as I submitted it. I don't think an editor would have read 50 pages of it. It was very overdone and shaggy, but two young editors saw something that seemed worth pursuing and eventually we all did some work on the book and it was published. I don't think publishers have that kind of tolerance these days, and I guess possibly as a result, more writers go to writing class now than then. I think first, fiction, and second, novels, are much more refined in terms of language, but they may tend to be too well behaved, almost in response to the narrower market. In a February 21, 2010, interview with \""
},
{
"title": "Don DeLillo",
"text": "The Times\", DeLillo reaffirmed his belief in the validity and importance of the novel in a technology- and media-driven age, offering a more optimistic opinion of the future of the novel than his contemporary Philip Roth had done in a recent interview: It is the form that allows a writer the greatest opportunity to explore human experience...For that reason, reading a novel is potentially a significant act. Because there are so many varieties of human experience, so many kinds of interaction between humans, and so many ways of creating patterns in the novel that can't be created in a short story, a play, a poem or a movie. The novel, simply, offers more opportunities for a reader to understand the world better, including the world of artistic creation. That sounds pretty grand, but I think it's true. DeLillo received two further significant literary awards in 2010: the St. Louis Literary Award for his entire body of work to date on October 21, 2010 (previous recipients include Salman Rushdie, E.L. Doctorow, John Updike, William Gass, Joyce Carol Oates, Joan Didion and Tennessee Williams); and his second PEN Award, the PEN/Saul Bellow Award for Achievement in American Fiction, on October 13, 2010"
},
{
"title": "Don DeLillo",
"text": ". DeLillo's first collection of short stories, \"The Angel Esmeralda: Nine Stories\", covering short stories published between 1979 and 2011, was published in November 2011. It received favorable reviews and was a finalist for both the 2012 Story Prize award and the 2012 PEN/Faulkner award for Fiction, as well as being longlisted for the Frank O'Connor International Short Story Award. New York Times Book Review contributor Liesl Schillinger praised it, saying, \"DeLillo packs fertile ruminations and potent consolation into each of these rich, dense, concentrated stories.\" DeLillo received the 2012 Carl Sandburg Literary Award on October 17, 2012, on the campus of the University of Illinois at Chicago. The prize is \"presented annually to an acclaimed author in recognition of outstanding contributions to the literary world and honors a significant work or body of work that has enhanced the public's awareness of the written word.\" On January 29, 2013, \"Variety\" announced that Luca Guadagnino would direct an adaptation of \"The Body Artist\" called \"Body Art\". On April 26, 2013, it was announced that DeLillo had received the inaugural Library of Congress Prize for American Fiction (formerly the Library of Congress Creative Achievement Award for"
},
{
"title": "Don DeLillo",
"text": " Fiction), with the presentation of the award due to take place during the 2013 Library of Congress National Book Festival, Sept. 21–22, 2013. The prize honors \"an American literary writer whose body of work is distinguished not only for its mastery of the art but for its originality of thought and imagination. The award seeks to commend strong, unique, enduring voices that—throughout long, consistently accomplished careers—have told us something about the American experience.\" In a statement issued in response to the award, DeLillo said, \"When I received news of this award, my first thoughts were of my mother and father, who came to this country the hard way, as young people confronting a new language and culture. In a significant sense, the Library of Congress Prize is the culmination of their efforts and a tribute to their memory.\" In November 2012, DeLillo revealed that he was at work on a new novel, his 16th, and that \"the [main] character spends a lot of time watching file footage on a wide screen, images of a disaster.\" In August 2015, DeLillo's US publishers Simon and Schuster announced that the novel, \"Zero K\", would be published in May 2016. The advanced blurb for the novel is as follows: Jeffrey Lock"
},
{
"title": "Don DeLillo",
"text": "hart's father, Ross, is a George Soros-like billionaire now in his sixties, with a younger wife, Artis, whose health is failing. Ross is the primary investor in a deeply remote and secret compound where death is controlled and bodies are preserved until a future moment when medicine and technology can reawaken them. Jeffrey joins Ross and Artis at the compound to say \"an uncertain farewell\" to her as she surrenders her body. Ross Lockhart is not driven by the hope for immortality, for power and wealth beyond the grave. He is driven by love for his wife, for Artis, without whom he feels life is not worth living. It is that which compels him to submit to death long before his time. Jeffrey heartily disapproves. He is committed to living, to \"the mingled astonishments of our time, here, on earth. \"Thus begins an emotionally resonant novel that weighs the darkness of the world—terrorism, floods, fires, famine, death—against the beauty of everyday life; love, awe, \"the intimate touch of earth and sun.\" Brilliantly observed and infused with humor, Don Delillo's \"Zero K\" is an acute observation about the fragility and meaning of life, about"
},
{
"title": "Don DeLillo",
"text": " embracing our family, this world, our language, and our humanity. In November 2015, DeLillo received the 2015 Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters at the 66th National Book Awards Ceremony. The ceremony was held on November 8 in New York City, and he was presented his award by Pulitzer Prize winner Jennifer Egan, a writer profoundly influenced by DeLillo's work. In his acceptance speech, DeLillo reflected upon his career as a reader as well as a writer, recalling examining his personal book collection and feeling a profound sense of personal connection to literature: \"Here I'm not the writer at all, I'm a grateful reader. When I look at my bookshelves I find myself gazing like a museum-goer.\" In February 2016, DeLillo was the guest of honor at an academic conference dedicated to his work, \"Don DeLillo: Fiction Rescues History\", a three-day event at the Sorbonne Nouvelle in Paris. Speaking to \"The Guardian\" in November 2018, DeLillo revealed work on a new novel, his 17th, \"set three years in the future. But I'm not trying to imagine the future in the usual terms. I'm trying to imagine what has been torn apart and what can be"
},
{
"title": "Don DeLillo",
"text": " put back together, and I don't know the answer. I hope I can arrive at an answer through writing the fiction.\"</s><s>Works.:2020s. DeLillo's 17th novel, \"The Silence\", was published by Scribner in October 2020. In February 2021, producer Uri Singer acquired the rights to the novel; later the same year, reports emerged that the playwright Jez Butterworth was planning to adapt \"The Silence\" for the screen. The first Library of America volume of DeLillo's writings is scheduled for publication in October 2022. The volume, titled \"Don DeLillo: Three Novels of the 1980s\", collects the three major works DeLillo published under his own name during the 1980s: \"The Names\" (1982), \"White Noise\" (1985), and \"Libra\" (1988). The novels will have new prefaces written by DeLillo for the collection, and the DeLillo scholar Mark Osteen will serve as editor. DeLillo lives near New York City in the suburb of Bronxville with his wife, Barbara Bennett.</s><s>Plays. Since 1979, in addition to his novels and occasional essays, DeLillo has been active as a playwright. To date, DeLillo has written five major plays: \"The"
},
{
"title": "Don DeLillo",
"text": " Engineer of Moonlight\" (1979), \"The Day Room\" (1986), \"Valparaiso\" (1999), \"Love Lies Bleeding\" (2006), and, most recently, \"The Word For Snow\" (2007). Stage adaptations have also been written for DeLillo's novels \"Libra\" and \"Mao II\". Of his work as a playwright, DeLillo has said that he feels his plays are not influenced by the same writers as his novels: \"I'm not sure who influenced me [as a playwright]. I've seen some reviews that mention Beckett and Pinter, but I don't know what to say about that. I don't feel it myself.\"</s><s>Themes and criticism. DeLillo's work displays elements of both modernism and postmodernism. (Though it is worth noting that DeLillo himself claims not to know if his work is postmodern: \"It is not [postmodern]. I'm the last guy to ask. If I had to classify myself, it would be in the long line of modernists, from James Joyce through William Faulkner and so on. That has always been my model.\") He has said the primary influences on his work and development are \"abstract expressionism, foreign"
},
{
"title": "Don DeLillo",
"text": " films, and jazz.\"{{cite book In several of his novels, DeLillo explores the idea of the increasing visibility and effectiveness of terrorists as societal actors and, consequently, the displacement of what he views to be artists', and particularly novelists', traditional role in facilitating social discourse (\"Players\", \"Mao II\", \"Falling Man\"). Another perpetual theme in DeLillo's books is the saturation of mass media and its role in forming simulacra, resulting in the removal of an event from its context and the consequent draining of meaning (see the highway shooter in \"Underworld\", the televised disasters longed for in \"White Noise\", the planes in \"Falling Man\", the evolving story of the interviewee in \"Valparaiso\"). The psychology of crowds and the capitulation of individuals to group identity is a theme DeLillo examines in several of his novels, especially in the prologue to \"Underworld\", \"Mao II\", and \"Falling Man\". In a 1993 interview with Maria Nadotti, DeLillo explained DeLillo's contemporary Joyce Carol Oates called him \"a man of frightening perception.\" Many younger English-language authors such as Bret Easton Ellis, Jonathan Franzen, and David Foster Wallace have cited DeLillo as an influence. Literary"
},
{
"title": "Don DeLillo",
"text": " critic Harold Bloom named him as one of the four major American novelists of his time, along with Thomas Pynchon, Philip Roth, and Cormac McCarthy, though he questions the classification of DeLillo as a \"postmodern novelist.\" Asked if he approves of this designation, DeLillo has responded: \"I don't react. But I'd prefer not to be labeled. I'm a novelist, period. An American novelist.\"{{cite book Critics of DeLillo argue that his novels are overly stylized and intellectually shallow. In James Wood's review of Zadie Smith's 2000 novel \"White Teeth\", he dismissed the work of authors like DeLillo, Wallace, and Smith as \"hysterical realism\". Bruce Bawer famously condemned DeLillo's novels insisting they weren't actually novels at all but \"tracts, designed to batter us, again and again, with a single idea: that life in America today is boring, benumbing, dehumanized...It's better, DeLillo seems to say in one novel after another, to be a marauding murderous maniac – and therefore a \"human\" – than to sit still for America as it is, with its air conditioners, assembly lines, television sets, supermarkets, synthetic fabrics"
},
{
"title": "Don DeLillo",
"text": ", and credit cards.\" B. R. Myers devoted an entire chapter (\"Edgy Prose\") of \"A Reader's Manifesto\", his 2002 critique of recent American literary fiction, to dissecting passages from DeLillo's books and arguing that they're banal ideas badly written. Most critics, however, regard DeLillo as a gifted stylist; reviewing \"Mao II,\" Michiko Kautani said that \"The writing is dazzling; the images, so radioactive they glow afterward in our minds.\"</s><s>References in popular culture.</s><s>References in popular culture.:In film. - In \"The Proposal\" (2009), the Canadian-born editor in chief of a New York publisher risks deportation to meet DeLillo at the Frankfurt Book Fair. - In \"The Matrix Resurrections\", the character Thomas Anderson is in a bathroom stall reading the DeLillo quote: \"It is so much simpler to bury reality than it is to dispose of dreams\"</s><s>References in popular culture.:In music. - Band names - The band The Airborne Toxic Event takes its name from a chemical gas leak of the same name in DeLillo's \"White Noise\". - Lyrics - Rhett Miller references \"Libra\" in his song \"World Inside the World"
},
{
"title": "Don DeLillo",
"text": "\", saying: \"I read it in DeLillo, like he'd written it for me\". (The phrase \"There is a world inside the world\" appears several times in the book.) - Bright Eyes begins their song \"Gold Mine Gutted\" from \"Digital Ash in a Digital Urn\" with: \"It was Don DeLillo, whiskey neat, and a blinking midnight clock. Speakers on the TV stand, just a turntable to watch.\". - Too Much Joy's song \"Sort of Haunted House\", from \"Mutiny\", is inspired by DeLillo. - Milo (musician)'s song \"The Gus Haynes Cribbage League\" mentions him with the line: \"I got hair like a pad of Brillo, and date girls whose dad could be Don DeLillo.\"</s><s>References in popular culture.:In publications. - Paul Auster dedicated his books \"In the Country of Last Things\" and \"Leviathan\" to his friend Don DeLillo. - Ryan Boudinot and Neal Pollack contributed humor pieces to the journal \"McSweeney's\" satirizing DeLillo. - A fictionalized DeLillo blogs for \"The Onion\". - A fictionalized version of DeLillo makes a few appearances as a minor character"
},
{
"title": "Don DeLillo",
"text": " in A.M. Homes' 2012 novel \"May We Be Forgiven\". - A fictionalized version of a younger, pre-fame DeLillo during his career as an advertising copywriter in New York, appears briefly as a minor character in David Bowman's posthumous third novel \"Big Bang\" (2019) - Emma Cline's short story \"White Noise\", published June 1, 2020, by \"The New Yorker\", features a fictionalized version of DeLillo. Harvey, the central character of the story and a fictionalized version of Harvey Weinstein, mistakes his neighbor for DeLillo and fantasizes about the two of them collaborating on a film version of \"White Noise\".</s><s>References in popular culture.:In reviews. - David Foster Wallace saluted DeLillo, Cynthia Ozick, and Cormac McCarthy as three of the greatest living fiction authors in the United States.</s><s>Bibliography.</s><s>Bibliography.:Novels. - - \"End Zone\" (1972) - \"Great Jones Street\" (1973) - \"Ratner's Star\" (1976) - \"Players\" (1977) - \"Running Dog\" (1978) - \"Amazons\" (1980) (under pseudonym \"Cleo Birdwell\") - \"The"
},
{
"title": "Don DeLillo",
"text": " Names\" (1982) - \"White Noise\" (1985) - \"Libra\" (1988) - \"Mao II\" (1991) - \"Underworld\" (1997) - \"The Body Artist\" (2001) - \"Cosmopolis\" (2003) - \"Falling Man\" (2007) - \"Point Omega\" (2010) - \"Zero K\" (2016) - \"The Silence\" (2020)</s><s>Bibliography.:Short fiction. - Collections - \"The Angel Esmeralda: Nine Stories\" (2011) - Short stories - \"The River Jordan\" (1960) (First published in \"Epoch\" 10, No. 2 (Winter 1960), pp. 105–120) - \"Take the \"A\" Train\" (1962) (First published in \"Epoch\" 12, No. 1 (Spring 1962) pp. 9–25.) - \"Spaghetti and Meatballs\" (1965) (First published in \"Epoch\" 14, No. 3 (Spring 1965) pp. 244–250) - \"Coming Sun.Mon.Tues.\" (1966) (First published in \"Kenyon Review\" 28, No. 3 (June 1966), pp. "
},
{
"title": "Don DeLillo",
"text": "391–394.) - \"Baghdad Towers West\" (1967) (First published in \"Epoch\" 17, No. 3 (Spring 1968), pp. 195–217.) - \"The Uniforms\" (1970) (First published in \"Carolina Quarterly\" 22, 1970, pp. 4–11.) - \"In the Men's Room of the Sixteenth Century\" (1971) (First published in \"Esquire\", Dec. 1971, pp. 174–177, 243, 246.) - \"Total Loss Weekend\" (1972) (First published in \"Sports Illustrated\", November 27, 1972, pp. 98–101+) - \"Creation\" (1979) (First published in \"Antaeus\" No. 33, Spring 1979, pp. 32–46.) - \"The Sightings\" (1979) (First published in \"Weekend Magazine\" (Summer Fiction Issue, out of Toronto), August 4, 1979, pp. 26–30.) - \"Human Moments in World War III\" (1983) (First published in \"Esquire\", July 1983, pp. 118–126.) - \"The Ivory Acrobat\" (1988) (First published in \"Granta\" 25"
},
{
"title": "Don DeLillo",
"text": ", Autumn 1988, pp. 199–212.) - \"The Runner\" (1988) (First published in \"Harper's\", Sept. 1988, pp. 61–63.) - \"Pafko at the Wall\" (1992) (First published in \"Harper's\", Oct. 1992, pp. 35–70.) - \"The Angel Esmeralda\" (1995) (First published in \"Esquire\", May 1994, pp. 100–109.) - \"Baader-Meinhof\" (2002) (First published in \"The New Yorker\", April 1, 2002, pp. 78–82.) - \"The Border of Fallen Bodies\" (2003) (First Published in \"Esquire\", April 1, 2003) - \"Still Life\" (2007) (First published in \"The New Yorker\", April 9, 2007) - \"Midnight in Dostoevsky\" (2009) (First Published in \"The New Yorker\", November 30, 2009) - \"Hammer and Sickle\" (2010) (First published in \"Harper's\", Dec. 2010, pp. 63–74) - \"The Starveling\" (2011) (First published in"
},
{
"title": "Don DeLillo",
"text": " \"Granta\" 117, Autumn 2011) - - \"The Itch\" (2017) (First published in \"The New Yorker\", July 31, 2017)</s><s>Bibliography.:Plays. - \"Mother\" (1966) - \"The Engineer of Moonlight\" (1979) - \"The Day Room\" (first production 1986) - \"The Rapture of the Athlete Assumed into Heaven\" (1990) - \"Game 6\" (1991) - \"Libra\" (1994) - \"Valparaiso\" (first production 1999) - \"The Mystery at the Middle of Ordinary Life\" (2000) - \"Love-Lies-Bleeding\" (first production 2005) - \"The Word for Snow\" (first production in 2007)</s><s>Bibliography.:Screenplays. - \"Game 6\" (2005), the story of a playwright (played by Michael Keaton) and his obsession with the Boston Red Sox and the 1986 World Series, was written in the early 1990s, but wasn't produced until 2005, ironically one year after the Red Sox won their first World Series title in 86 years. To date, it is DeLillo's only work for film.</s><s>Bibliography.:Essays and reporting. -"
},
{
"title": "Don DeLillo",
"text": " \"American Blood: A Journey through the Labyrinth of Dallas and JFK\" (1983) (Published in \"Rolling Stone\", December 8, 1983. DeLillo's first major published essay. Seen as signposting his interest in the JFK assassination that would ultimately lead to \"Libra\") - \"Salman Rushdie Defense\" (1994) (Co-written with Paul Auster in defense of Salman Rushdie, following the announcement of a fatwa upon Rushdie after the publication of \"The Satanic Verses\") - \"The Artist Naked in a Cage\" (1997) (A short piece ran in \"The New Yorker\" on May 26, 1997, pages 6–7. An address delivered on May 13, 1997, at the New York Public Library's event \"Stand In for Wei Jingsheng.\") - \"The Power of History\" (1997) (Published in the September 7, 1997, issue of the \"New York Times Magazine\". Preceded the publication of \"Underworld\" and was viewed by many as a rationale for the novel) - \"A History of the Writer Alone in a Room\" (1999) (This piece is the acceptance address given by DeLillo on the occasion of being awarded the Jerusalem Prize in 1999. A small pamphlet was"
},
{
"title": "Don DeLillo",
"text": " printed with this address, an address by Scribner editor-in-chief Nan Graham, the Jury's Citation, and an address by Jerusalem mayor Ehud Olmert. It was reprinted in a German translation in \"Die Zeit\" in 2001. The piece is in five numbered sections, and is about five pages long.) - \"In the Ruins of the Future\" (Dec 2001) (This short essay appeared in \"Harper's Magazine\". It concerns the September 11 incidents, terrorism, and America and comprises eight numbered sections.) - - Notes</s><s>Awards and award nominations. - 1979 – Guggenheim Fellowship - 1984 – Award in Literature from the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters - 1985 – National Book Award (Fiction) for \"White Noise\" \"National Book Awards – 1985\". National Book Foundation. Retrieved 2012-03-28. (With essays by Courtney Eldridge, Matthew Pitt, and Jess Walter from the Awards 60-year anniversary blog.) - 1985 – National Book Critics Circle Award finalist (Fiction, 1985) for \"White Noise\" - 1988 – National Book Critics Circle Award finalist (Fiction, 1988) for \"Libra\" - 1988 – \"The New York Times\" Best Books of the Year (1988"
},
{
"title": "Don DeLillo",
"text": ") for \"Libra\" - 1988 – National Book Award finalist (Fiction) for \"Libra\" \"National Book Awards – 1988\". National Book Foundation. Retrieved March 28, 2012. - 1989 – Election to the American Academy of Arts and Letters. - 1989 – \"Irish Times\", Aer Lingus International Fiction Prize for \"Libra\" - 1992 – PEN/Faulkner Award for \"Mao II\" - 1992 – Pulitzer Prize for Fiction nomination for \"Mao II\" - 1995 – Lila Wallace-Reader's Digest Award - 1997 – National Book Award finalist (Fiction) for \"Underworld\" \"National Book Awards – 1997\". National Book Foundation. Retrieved March 28, 2012. - 1997 – National Book Critics Circle Award finalist (Fiction, 1997) for \"Underworld\" - 1997 – New York Times Best Books of the Year nominee for \"Underworld\" - 1998 – Pulitzer Prize for Fiction nomination for \"Underworld\" - 1998 – American Book Award for \"Underworld\" - 1999 – Jerusalem Prize - 1999 – International Dublin Literary Award shortlist for \"Underworld\" - 2000 – William Dean Howells Medal awarded for \"Underworld\" - 2000 – \"Riccardo Bacchelli\" International Award"
},
{
"title": "Don DeLillo",
"text": " for \"Underworld\" - 2001 – James Tait Black Memorial Prize shortlist (Fiction, 2001) for \"The Body Artist\" - 2003 – International Dublin Literary Award longlist for \"The Body Artist\" - 2006 – New York Times: Best Work of American Fiction of the Last 25 Years (runner-up) for \"Underworld\" - 2007 – \"The New York Times\" Notable Book of the Year (Fiction and Poetry) for \"Falling Man\" - 2007 – Booklist Top of the List: A Best of Editors Choice for \"Falling Man\" - 2007 – Nominee for Man Booker International Prize - 2009 – Common Wealth Award of Distinguished Service for achievements in literature - 2009 – International Dublin Literary Award longlist for \"Falling Man\" - 2010 – St. Louis Literary Award from the Saint Louis University Library Associates - 2010 – PEN/Saul Bellow Award for Achievement in American Fiction - 2011 – \"The New York Times\" 100 Notable Books of 2011 list for \"The Angel Esmeralda\" - 2012 – The Story Prize finalist for \"The Angel Esmeralda\" - 2012 – PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction finalist for \"The Angel Esmeralda\""
},
{
"title": "Don DeLillo",
"text": " - 2012 – Frank O'Connor International Short Story Award longlist for \"The Angel Esmeralda\" - 2012 – Carl Sandburg Literary Award - 2012 – International Dublin Literary Award longlist for \"Point Omega\" - 2013 – Library of Congress Prize for American Fiction - 2014 – Norman Mailer Prize for Lifetime Achievement - 2015 – National Book Foundation Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters</s><s>Further reading. - Adelman, Gary, \"Sorrow's Rigging: The Novels of Cormac McCarthy, Don Delillo, and Robert Stone\", McGill-Queen's University Press, 2012. - Bloom, Harold (ed.), \"Don DeLillo (Bloom's Major Novelists)\", Chelsea House, 2003. - Boxall, Peter, \"Don DeLillo: The Possibility of Fiction\", Routledge, 2006. - Civello, Paul, \"American Literary Naturalism and its Twentieth-century Transformations: Frank Norris, Ernest Hemingway, Don DeLillo\", University of Georgia Press, 1994. - Cowart, David, \"Don DeLillo – The Physics of Language\", University of Georgia Press, 2002. - Da Cunha Lewin, Katherine (ed.), Ward, Kiron (ed.), \"Don DeLillo: Contemporary"
},
{
"title": "Don DeLillo",
"text": " Critical Perspectives\", Bloomsbury Press, 2018. - Dewey, Joseph, \"Beyond Grief and Nothing: A Reading of Don DeLillo\", University of South Carolina Press, 2006. - Dewey, Joseph (ed.), Kellman, Steven G. (ed.), Malin, Irving (ed.), \"Underwords: Perspectives on Don DeLillo's Underworld\", University of Delaware Press, 2002. - Duvall, John, \"Don DeLillo's Underworld: A Reader's Guide\", Continuum International Publishing Group, 2002. - Duvall, John (ed.), \"The Cambridge Companion to Don DeLillo\", Cambridge UP, 2008. - Ebbeson, Jeffrey, \"Postmodernism and its Others: The Fiction of Ishmael Reed, Kathy Acker, and Don DeLillo (Literary Criticism and Cultural Theory)\", Routledge, 2010. - Engles, Tim (ed.), Duvall, John (ed.), \"Approaches to Teaching DeLillo's White Noise\", Modern Language Association Press, 2006. - Giaimo, Paul, \"Appreciating Don DeLillo: The Moral Force of A Writer's Work\", Praeger Publishers Inc, 2011. - Herren, Graley. \"The Self-"
},
{
"title": "Don DeLillo",
"text": "Reflexive Art of Don DeLillo.\" Bloomsbury Press, 2020. - Halldorson, Stephanie, \"The Hero in Contemporary American Fiction: The Works of Saul Bellow and Don DeLillo\", 2007. - Hantke, Steffen, \"Conspiracy and Paranoia in Contemporary American Fiction: The works of Don DeLillo and Joseph McElroy\", Peter Lang Publishing, 1994. - Hugonnier, Francois, \"Archiving the Excesses of the Real: Don DeLillo's Falling Man\", Presses Universitaires de Paris Ouest, 2016. - Kavadlo, Jesse, \"Don DeLillo: Balance at the Edge of Belief\", Peter Lang Publishing, 2004. - Keesey, Douglas, \"Don DeLillo\", Macmillan, 1993. - Laist, Randy, \"Technology and Postmodern Subjectivity in Don DeLillo's Novels\", Peter Lang Publishing, 2010. - LeClair, Tom \"In the Loop – Don DeLillo and the Systems Novel\", University of Illinois Press, 1987. - Lentricchia, Frank (ed.), \"Introducing Don DeLillo\", Duke University Press, 1991. - Lentricchia, Frank (ed.), \"New Essays on"
},
{
"title": "Don DeLillo",
"text": " White Noise\", Cambridge University Press, 1991. - Martucci, Elise, \"The Environmental Unconscious in the Fiction of Don DeLillo\", Routledge, 2007. - Morley, Catherine, \"The Quest for Epic in Contemporary American Literature\", Routledge, 2008. - Naas, Michael. \"Don DeLillo, American Original: Drugs, Weapons, Erotica, and Other Literary Contraband\", Bloomsbury, 2020. - Olster, Stacy (ed.), \"Don DeLillo: Mao II, Underworld, Falling Man (Continuum Studies in Contemporary North America Fiction)\", Continuum, 2011. - Orr, Leonard, \"White Noise: A Reader's Guide\" Continuum International Publishing Group, 2003. - Osteen, Mark \"American Magic and Dread: Don DeLillo's Dialogue with Culture\", University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000. - Rey, Rebecca, \"Staging Don DeLillo\", Routledge, 2016. - Ruppersburg, Hugh (ed.), Engles, Tim (ed.), \"Critical Essays on Don DeLillo\", G.K. Hall, 2000. - Schneck, Peter & Schweighauser, Philipp (eds.),\"Terrorism, Media, and the Ethics of Fiction: Transatlantic Perspectives"
},
{
"title": "Don DeLillo",
"text": " on Don Delillo\", Continuum, 2010. - Schuster, Marc, \"Don DeLillo, Jean Baudrillard, and the Consumer Conundrum\", Cambria Press, 2008. - Shapiro, Michael J. \"The politics of fear: DeLillo's postmodern burrow\". In: Shapiro, Michael J. Reading the postmodern polity. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, pp. 122–139, 1992. - Sozalan, Azden, \"The American Nightmare: Don DeLillo's Falling Man and Cormac McCarthy's The Road\", Authorhouse Publishing, 2011. - Taylor, Mark C, \"Rewiring the Real: In Conversation with William Gaddis, Richard Powers, Mark Danielewski, and Don DeLillo (Religion, Culture and Public Life)\", Columbia University Press, 2013. - Trainini, Marco, \"Don DeLillo\", prefazione di Fabio Vittorini, Castelvecchi, Roma, 2016. - Veggian, Henry, \"Understanding Don DeLillo\", University of South Carolina Press, 2014. - Weinstein, Arnold, \"Nobody's Home: Speech, Self, and Place in American Fiction From Hawthorne to DeLillo\", Oxford University Press, 1993.</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Don DeLillo",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "North America"
}
|
factscore-000315
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Charles B. McVay III.
|
[
{
"title": "Charles B. McVay III",
"text": "<s>Charles B. McVay III Charles Butler McVay III (August 31, 1898 – November 6, 1968) was an American naval officer and the commanding officer of the cruiser which was lost in action in 1945, resulting in a significant loss of life. Of all captains in the history of the United States Navy, he is the only one to have been subjected to court-martial for losing a ship sunk by an act of war, despite the fact that he was on a top secret mission maintaining radio silence (the testimony of the Japanese commander who sank his ship also seemed to exonerate McVay). After years of mental health problems, he killed himself aged 70 years. Following years of efforts by some survivors and others to clear his name, McVay was posthumously exonerated by the 106th United States Congress and President Bill Clinton on October 30, 2000.</s><s>Education and career. Charles Butler McVay III was born in Ephrata, Pennsylvania, on August 31, 1898, to a Navy family. His father, Charles Butler McVay Jr. (1868–1949), commanded the tender during the cruise of the Great White Fleet (1907–1909), was an admiral in the United States Navy during"
},
{
"title": "Charles B. McVay III",
"text": " World War I, and served as Commander-in-Chief of the Asiatic Fleet in the early 1930s. Charles III was a 1920 graduate of the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland. Before taking command of \"Indianapolis\" in November 1944, McVay was chairman of the Joint Intelligence Committee of the Combined Chiefs of Staff in Washington, D.C., the Allies' highest intelligence unit. Earlier in World War II, he was awarded the Silver Star for displaying courage under fire. McVay led the ship through the invasion of Iwo Jima, then the bombardment of Okinawa in the spring of 1945, during which \"Indianapolis\" anti-aircraft guns shot down seven enemy planes before the ship was struck by a kamikaze on March 31, inflicting heavy casualties, including eight dead, and penetrating the ship's hull. McVay returned the ship safely to Mare Island in California for repairs.</s><s>Sinking of \"Indianapolis\". Later that year, \"Indianapolis\" received orders to carry parts and nuclear material to Tinian to be used in the atomic bombs which were soon to be dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. After delivering her top secret cargo, the ship was en route to report for further duty off Okinawa."
},
{
"title": "Charles B. McVay III",
"text": " Early in the morning of July 30, 1945, it was attacked by the under Commander Mochitsura Hashimoto. Hashimoto launched six torpedoes and hit \"Indianapolis\" twice, the first removing over forty feet of her bow, the second hitting the starboard side at frame forty (below the bridge). \"Indianapolis\" immediately took a fifteen degree list, capsized and sank within 12 minutes. Of the crew of 1,195 men, 879 men died.</s><s>Delayed rescue. About 300 of the 1,196 men on board either died in the initial attack or were trapped belowdecks and drowned when compartments were sealed in an effort to prevent sinking. The remainder of the crew, about 900 men, were able to abandon ship. Some were left floating in the water, many without lifeboats, until the rescue of 316 survivors was completed four days (100 hours) later. Because of Navy protocol regarding secret missions, the ship was not reported \"overdue\" and the rescue came only after survivors were spotted by pilot Lieutenant Wilber (Chuck) Gwinn and co-pilot Lieutenant Warren Colwell on a routine patrol flight. Of those who did abandon ship, most casualties were due to injuries sustained aboard the ship, dehydration, exhaustion,"
},
{
"title": "Charles B. McVay III",
"text": " drinking salt water and shark attacks. The seas had been moderate, but visibility was not good. \"Indianapolis\" had been steaming at. When the ship did not reach Leyte on the 31st, as scheduled, no report was made that she was overdue. This omission was officially recorded later as \"due to a misunderstanding of the Movement Report System\".</s><s>Controversy. McVay was wounded but survived, and was among those rescued. He repeatedly asked the Navy why it took four days to rescue his men but never received an answer. The Navy long claimed that SOS messages were never received because the ship was operating under a policy of radio silence; declassified records show that three SOS messages were received separately, but none were acted upon because one commander was drunk, another thought it was a Japanese ruse, and the third had given orders not to be disturbed. After a Navy Court of Inquiry recommended that McVay be court-martialed for the loss of \"Indianapolis\", Admiral Chester Nimitz disagreed and instead issued the captain a letter of reprimand. Admiral Ernest King overturned Nimitz's decision and recommended a court-martial, which Secretary of the Navy James Forrestal later convened. McVay was charged with failing to zigzag"
},
{
"title": "Charles B. McVay III",
"text": " and failure to order abandon ship in a timely manner. He was convicted on the former. Prior knowledge of Japanese submarines being identified in the area was withheld from the court and from McVay, prior to sailing, as well. Following McVay's conviction for hazarding \"Indianapolis\" by failing to zigzag, Admiral King recommended setting aside the punishment. Hashimoto, the Japanese submarine commander who had sunk \"Indianapolis\", was on record as describing visibility at the time as fair, which is corroborated by the fact that he was able to target and sink \"Indianapolis\" in the first place. He also testified that zigzagging wouldn't have made a difference, as he would have still sunk the Indianapolis, due to being in such a good position to do so. American submarine experts testified that \"zigzagging\" was a technique of negligible value in eluding enemy submarines. Hashimoto also testified to this effect. Despite that testimony, the official ruling was that visibility was good, and the court held McVay responsible for failing to zigzag. An additional point of controversy is evidence that the admirals in the United States Navy were primarily responsible for placing the ship in harm's way. For instance, McVay requested a destroyer"
},
{
"title": "Charles B. McVay III",
"text": " escort for \"Indianapolis\", but his request was denied because the priority for destroyers at the time was escorting transports to Okinawa and picking up downed aircrew in B-29 raids on Japan. Also, naval command assumed McVay's route would be safe at that point in the war. Many ships, including most destroyers, were equipped with submarine detection equipment, but the \"Indianapolis\" was not so equipped, which casts the decision to deny McVay's request for an escort as military incompetence. On July 24, 1945, just six days prior to the sinking of \"Indianapolis\", the destroyer had been attacked and sunk in the area by Japanese submarines. Yet McVay was never informed of this event, and several others, in part due to issues of classified intelligence. McVay was warned of the potential presence of Japanese subs, but not of the actual confirmed activity. Although about 380 ships of the U.S. Navy were lost in combat in World War II, McVay was the only captain to be court-martialed for the loss of his ship. It was widely felt that he had been a fall guy for the Navy. The conviction effectively ended McVay's career as he lost seniority, although the sentence was"
},
{
"title": "Charles B. McVay III",
"text": " overturned by Secretary James Forrestal owing to McVay's bravery prior to the sinking, and McVay was finally promoted to rear admiral when he retired from the navy in 1949, although he apparently never got over his treatment. In his book \"Abandon Ship\", author Richard F. Newcomb posits a motive for Admiral King's ordering McVay's court-martial. According to Captain McVay III's father, Admiral Charles B. McVay Jr., \"'King never forgot a grudge\". King had been a junior officer under the command of McVay's father when King and other officers snuck some women aboard a ship. Admiral McVay had a letter of reprimand placed in King's record for that. \"Now,\" he raged, \"King's used [my son] to get back at me.\"</s><s>Suicide. On November 6, 1968, McVay took his own life by shooting himself at his home in Litchfield, Connecticut. Contrary to what many may believe, McVay used a Colt pistol, an Officer's Model Target 38 Special. It was manufactured in 1906 and was not issued to the US Navy despite what the name could lead some to believe, according to the USS Indianapolis Legacy"
},
{
"title": "Charles B. McVay III",
"text": " Organization. Commonly this pistol has been referred to as McVay's service pistol, which it was not. There is another myth, that he was holding in his hand a toy sailor he had received as a boy for a good luck charm. This is also untrue, as police reports obtained by the Legacy Organization do not mention this nor show any other objects in the pictures aside from his pistol. He was found in his back porch by his gardener. Though a note was not left, McVay was known by those close to him to have suffered from loneliness, particularly after losing his wife to cancer in 1961. McVay also struggled throughout his life from the impact of vitriolic letters and phone calls he periodically received from grief-stricken relatives of dead crewmen who served aboard the \"Indianapolis\".</s><s>Exoneration. survivors organized, and many spent years attempting to clear their skipper's name. Many people, from McVay's son Charles McVay IV (1925–2012) to author Dan Kurzman, who chronicled the \"Indianapolis\" incident in \"Fatal Voyage\", to members of Congress, long believed McVay was unfairly convicted. Paul Murphy, president of the USS \"Indianapolis\" Survivors Organization,"
},
{
"title": "Charles B. McVay III",
"text": " said: \"Captain McVay's court-martial was simply to divert attention from the terrible loss of life caused by procedural mistakes which never alerted anyone that we were missing.\" Over fifty years after the incident, a 12-year-old student in Pensacola, Florida, Hunter Scott, was instrumental in raising awareness of the miscarriage of justice carried out at the captain's court-martial. As part of a school project for the National History Day program, the young man interviewed nearly 150 survivors of the \"Indianapolis\" sinking and reviewed 800 documents. His testimony before the U.S. Congress brought national attention to the situation. In October 2000, the United States Congress passed a Sense of Congress resolution that McVay's record should reflect that \"he is exonerated for the loss of the USS \"Indianapolis\".\" President Clinton also signed the resolution. Commander Hashimoto died five days before the exoneration (on 25 October). In May 2001, Secretary of the Navy Gordon R. England ordered Captain William Toti, former commanding officer of, to enter the Sense of Congress resolution into McVay's official Navy personnel record.</s><s>In popular culture. McVay's ship, but not McVay himself, is mentioned in the 1975 blockbuster movie"
},
{
"title": "Charles B. McVay III",
"text": " \"Jaws\", in which the character of Quint is portrayed as a survivor of the incident. In 1978, the events surrounding McVay's court-martial were dramatized in \"The Failure to ZigZag\" by playwright John B. Ferzacca. The 1991 made-for-television movie \"\" depicts the ordeal of the men of the \"Indianapolis\" during her last voyage (with McVay portrayed by Stacy Keach), as does the 2016 film \"\" (with McVay portrayed by Nicolas Cage). Also in 2016, \"USS Indianapolis: The Legacy\" was released. It is an in-depth film where the survivors tell the story of what happened and they speak about the aftermath of the tragic event. In 2019, PBS released a 90-minute documentary titled \"\".</s><s>See also. - W. Graham Claytor Jr. - List of U.S. Navy losses in World War II - United States military veteran suicide</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Charles B. McVay III",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "North America"
}
|
factscore-000316
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Stephen Miller (political advisor).
|
[
{
"title": "Stephen Miller (political advisor)",
"text": "<s>Stephen Miller (political advisor) Stephen Miller (born August 23, 1985) is an American political advisor who served as a senior advisor for policy and White House director of speechwriting to President Donald Trump. His politics have been described as far-right and anti-immigration. He was previously the communications director for then-Senator Jeff Sessions. He was also a press secretary for U.S. representatives Michele Bachmann and John Shadegg. As a speechwriter for Trump, Miller helped write Trump's inaugural address. He has been a key adviser since the early days of Trump's presidency. An immigration hardliner, Miller was a chief architect of Trump's travel ban, the administration's reduction of refugees accepted to the United States, and Trump's policy of separating migrant children from their parents. He prevented the publication of internal administration studies that showed that refugees had a net positive effect on government revenues. Miller reportedly played a central role in the resignation in April 2019 of Secretary of Homeland Security Kirstjen Nielsen, who he believed was insufficiently hawkish on immigration. As a White House spokesman, Miller on multiple occasions made false and unsubstantiated claims regarding widespread electoral fraud. Emails leaked in November 2019 showed that Miller had promoted articles from white nationalist publications \"VDARE\" and \"American Renaissance"
},
{
"title": "Stephen Miller (political advisor)",
"text": "\", and had espoused conspiracy theories. Miller is on the Southern Poverty Law Center's list of extremists.</s><s>Early life. Miller was born on August 23, 1985, in Santa Monica, California, where he was raised, the second of three children in the Jewish family of Michael D. Miller, a real estate investor, and Miriam (\"née\" Glosser). His mother's ancestors—Wolf Lieb Glotzer and his wife, Bessie—emigrated to the United States from the Russian Empire's Antopol, in what is present-day Belarus, arriving in New York on January 7, 1903, on the German ship S.S. \"Moltke\", thus escaping the 1903–06 anti-Jewish pogroms in Belarus and other parts of the Russian Empire. When his great-grandmother arrived in the U.S. in 1906, she spoke only Yiddish, the historical language of the Ashkenazi Jews of Eastern Europe. Miller has said he became a committed conservative after reading \"Guns, Crime, and Freedom\", a book opposing gun control by Wayne LaPierre, CEO of the National Rifle Association. While attending Santa Monica High School, Miller began appearing on conservative talk radio. In 2002, at the age"
},
{
"title": "Stephen Miller (political advisor)",
"text": " of 16, Miller wrote a letter to the editor of the \"Santa Monica Outlook\" criticizing his school's response to the September 11 attacks; he wrote: \"Osama Bin Laden would feel very welcome at Santa Monica High School.\" While in high school, Miller cited Rush Limbaugh's book \"The Way Things Ought To Be\" as his favorite. Miller invited conservative activist David Horowitz to speak, first at the high school and later at Duke University; afterward he denounced the fact that neither institution would authorize the event. Miller was in the habit of \"riling up his fellow [high school] classmates with controversial statements\"; for instance, he told Latino students to speak only English. At 16, Miller called in to \"The Larry Elder Show\", a conservative radio show, to complain about his high school's alleged lack of patriotism because it did not recite the Pledge of Allegiance. David Horowitz, whom the Southern Poverty Law Center describes as an anti-Muslim, anti-immigrant extremist, published an essay by Miller, \"How I Changed My Left-Wing High School\", on his website. Horowitz has been described as an influential figure in Miller's early life. In 2007, Miller received his bachelor's degree from Duke University, where he studied political science. He served as president of"
},
{
"title": "Stephen Miller (political advisor)",
"text": " the Duke chapter of Horowitz's Students for Academic Freedom and wrote conservative columns for the school newspaper. Miller gained national attention for his defense of the students who were wrongly accused of rape in the Duke lacrosse case. While attending Duke, Miller accused poet and civil rights activist Maya Angelou of \"racial paranoia\" and described student organization Chicano Student Movement of Aztlán (MEChA) as a \"radical national Hispanic group that believes in racial superiority.\" Miller and the Duke Conservative Union helped co-member Richard Spencer, a Duke graduate student at the time, with fundraising and promotion for an immigration policy debate in March 2007 between Peter Laufer, an open-borders activist and University of Oregon professor, and journalist Peter Brimelow, founder of the anti-immigration website VDARE. Spencer later became an important figure in the white supremacist movement and president of the National Policy Institute; he coined the term \"alt-right\". In a 2016 interview, Spencer said he had mentored Miller at Duke. Describing their close relationship, Spencer said that he was \"kind of glad no one's talked about this\", for fear of harming Trump. In a later blog post, he said the relationship had been exaggerated. Miller has said he has \"absolutely no relationship with Mr"
},
{
"title": "Stephen Miller (political advisor)",
"text": ". Spencer\" and that he \"completely repudiate[s] his views, and his claims are 100 percent false.\" Duke University's former senior vice president, John Burness, told \"The News & Observer\" in February 2017 that, while at Duke, Miller \"seemed to assume that if you were in disagreement with him, there was something malevolent or stupid about your thinking—incredibly intolerant.\" According to Jane Stancill of \"The News & Observer\", during the Duke lacrosse case, Miller's was the \"lonely voice insisting that the players were innocent.\" History professor KC Johnson described Duke's atmosphere during the case as not \"conducive to speaking up\" and praised Miller's role in it: \"I think it did take a lot of courage, and he has to get credit for that.\" Miller devoted more of his school paper column, \"Miller Time,\" to the lacrosse scandal than any other topic.</s><s>Career. After graduating from college, Miller began to work as a press secretary for Congresswoman Michele Bachmann, a Tea Party Republican, after David Horowitz connected them. Horowitz later helped Miller to get a position with John Shadegg in early 2009. In 2009, Miller began working for Alabama senator Jeff Sessions, who"
},
{
"title": "Stephen Miller (political advisor)",
"text": " was later appointed United States attorney general. He rose to the position of Sessions' communications director. In the 113th Congress, Miller played a role in defeating the bipartisan Gang of Eight's proposed immigration reform bill. As communications director, Miller was responsible for writing many of the speeches Sessions gave about the bill. Miller and Sessions developed what Miller describes as \"nation-state populism\", a response to globalization and immigration that influenced Donald Trump's 2016 campaign. Miller also worked on Dave Brat's successful 2014 House campaign, which unseated Republican majority leader Eric Cantor. In January 2016, Miller joined the Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign as a senior policy adviser. He had previously reached out to the campaign repeatedly. Beginning in March 2016, he regularly spoke on the campaign's behalf, serving as a \"warm-up act\" for Trump. Miller wrote the speech Trump gave at the 2016 Republican National Convention. In August 2016, Miller was named the head of Trump's economic policy team. Miller was seen as sharing an \"ideological kinship\" with former White House chief strategist and Breitbart News co-founder Steve Bannon, and had a \"long collaboration\" with him. However, Miller distanced himself from Bannon in 2017 as Bannon fell out of favor with others in the White House. On April"
},
{
"title": "Stephen Miller (political advisor)",
"text": " 7, 2021, Miller launched the America First Legal Foundation, a conservative legal organization. On September 8, 2022, Miller and Brian Jack were subpoenaed by a federal grand jury investigating attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election with special focus on the January 6 United States Capitol attack.</s><s>Career.:Trump administration. In November 2016, Miller was named national policy director of Trump's transition team. On December 13, 2016, the transition team announced that Miller would serve as Senior Advisor to the President for Policy during the Trump administration. He was initially given responsibility for setting all domestic policy, but quickly assumed responsibility for immigration policy only. Since becoming one of three Senior Advisors to the President, Miller has been regarded as the adviser who shaped the Trump administration's immigration policies. In the early days of Trump's presidency, Miller worked with Senator Jeff Sessions, Trump's nominee for Attorney General, and Steve Bannon, Trump's chief strategist, to enact policies through executive orders to restrict immigration and crack down on sanctuary cities. Miller and Bannon preferred executive orders to legislation. Miller's and Sessions's views on immigration were influenced by anti-immigration groups like the Federation for American Immigration Reform, NumbersUSA, and the Center for Immigration Studies. Miller and Bannon were involved in the formation of Executive"
},
{
"title": "Stephen Miller (political advisor)",
"text": " Order 13769, which sought to restrict U.S. travel and immigration by citizens of seven Muslim countries, and suspend the United States Refugee Admissions Program (USRAP) for 120 days, while indefinitely suspending entry of Syrians to the United States. Miller has been credited as the person behind the Trump administration's decision to reduce the number of refugees accepted into the United States. Miller played an influential role in Trump's decision to fire FBI director James Comey in May 2017. Miller and Trump drafted a letter to Comey that was not sent after an internal review and opposition from White House counsel Don McGahn, but Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein was given a copy, after which he prepared his own letter to Comey, which was cited as the reason for firing Comey. In November 2017, Miller was interviewed by special counsel Robert Mueller in relation to his role in Comey's dismissal. In September 2017, \"The New York Times\" reported that Miller stopped the Trump administration from showing the public an internal study by the Department of Health and Human Services that found that refugees had a net positive effect on government revenues. Miller insisted that only the costs of refugees be publicized, not the revenues refugees bring in. In October 2017, Trump provided a list of immigration reform demands to Congress, asking for the construction"
},
{
"title": "Stephen Miller (political advisor)",
"text": " of more wall along the Mexico–United States border, hiring 10,000 additional U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents, tightened asylum policies, and the discontinuance of federal funds to sanctuary cities in exchange for any action on undocumented immigrants who arrived as minors. Those immigrants had been protected from deportation under the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals policy until that policy's rescission a month earlier, in September 2017. \"The New York Times\" reported that Miller and Sessions were among the Trump Administration officials who developed the demands. In May 2018, it was reported Miller had attended a controversial meeting which included George Nader on behalf of two Arab princes, Wikistrat CEO Joel Zamel, Erik Prince, and Donald Trump Jr., on August 3, 2016. \"The New York Times\" had also reported in November 2017 that Miller was in regular contact with George Papadopoulos during the campaign about his discussions with Russian government officials. Miller and Attorney General Sessions were described as the chief champions of the Trump administration's decision to start to separate migrant children from their parents when they crossed the U.S. border. Miller argued that such a policy would deter migrants from coming to the United States. After Miller gave an on-the-record interview to the \"Times\", the"
},
{
"title": "Stephen Miller (political advisor)",
"text": " White House requested that the \"Times\" not publish portions of it on its podcast, The Daily; the \"Times\" acceded to the request. In July 2018, senior White House official Jennifer Arangio was fired after she reportedly advocated that the United States remain in the Global Compact for Migration (a United Nations plan intended to \"cover all dimensions of international migration in a holistic and comprehensive manner.\"), defended the State Department's refugee bureau when Miller sought to defund it, and corrected misleading information about refugees that Miller was presenting to Trump. On August 13, 2018, \"Politico\" published an essay by Miller's uncle, Dr. David S. Glosser, titled \"Stephen Miller Is an Immigration Hypocrite. I Know Because I'm His Uncle\", in which he detailed the Glosser family's history of coming to the United States from the village of Antopal in present-day Belarus. In October 2018, the \"Financial Times\" reported that Miller sought to make it impossible for Chinese students to study in the United States. Miller argued that a ban was necessary to reduce Chinese espionage, but that another benefit was that it would hurt elite universities with staff and students critical of Trump. Within the Trump administration, Miller's idea faced opposition, in particular from Terry Branstad"
},
{
"title": "Stephen Miller (political advisor)",
"text": ", the ambassador to China, who argued that such a ban would harm US trade to China and hurt small American universities more than the elite ones. In the lead-up to the 2018 midterm elections, Miller played an influential role in Trump's messaging, which focused on sowing fears about immigration. Trump's party lost 40 seats in the House in those elections, in part because, according to \"Vox\" writer Dara Lind, Trump and Miller's \"closing argument\" focusing on immigrants appealed solely to \"white identity politics\", which does not have majority support in the United States. In January 2019, Miller reportedly reduced the number of immigrants who would receive protections as part of a proposed offer by Trump to grant protections for some immigrants in exchange for congressional support for funds to construct a border wall. Miller reportedly played a central role in Secretary of Homeland Security Kirstjen Nielsen's resignation on April 7, 2019, as part of a larger department overhaul aimed at steering the Trump administration towards a \"tougher\" approach on immigration. Nielsen had opposed a plan Miller supported whereby the Trump administration would carry out mass arrests of undocumented immigrant families in 10 major U.S. cities. \"Quartz\" reported that Miller had been purposely leaking information on border apprehensions and asylum seekers to the"
},
{
"title": "Stephen Miller (political advisor)",
"text": " \"Washington Examiner\" so that the paper would publish alarming anti-immigration stories that criticized Nielsen. During the same month, Representative Ilhan Omar called Miller a white nationalist as part of her comments on the Department of Homeland Security overhaul, which led to a strong response from several Republicans, including Representative Lee Zeldin and Donald Trump Jr., who accused her of anti-Semitism as Miller is Jewish. Following the exposé by the Southern Poverty Law Center in November 2019, Omar reshared the April tweet in which she had called Miller a white nationalist, adding that \"now we have the emails to prove it\". In the wake of the United States' assassination of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, Miller allegedly suggested \"dipping [al-Baghdadi's head] in pig's blood and parading it around to warn other terrorists\", according to former defense secretary Mark Esper in his 2022 book \"A Sacred Oath\". Esper called Miller's idea a \"war crime\"; Miller denied that this took place. While in the Trump administration, Miller met repeatedly with British Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson, whom Miller described himself as a \"huge fan\" of. During the meetings, which were held off the White House grounds, Miller and Johnson \"swapped speech-writing ideas and tips\"."
},
{
"title": "Stephen Miller (political advisor)",
"text": " In 2020, during the coronavirus pandemic, leaked conversations showed that Miller wanted to extend temporary border restrictions imposed because of the pandemic to restrict immigration in the long term. Emails showed that Miller had tried to use public health powers to implement border restrictions in 2019. Miller also advised Trump not to openly embrace mask-wearing to halt the spread of the coronavirus. According to \"The New York Times\", in the spring of 2020 Miller requested that the Homeland Security Department develop a plan to use American troops to seal the entire U.S. border with Mexico. Government officials estimated that such a plan would require the deployment of approximately 250,000 troops, or more than half of the active army, constituting the largest use of American military force within the country since the Civil War. Defense Secretary Mark Esper reportedly opposed the plan and it was eventually abandoned. During the 2020 election, Miller said that if Trump were reelected, the administration would seek to limit asylum, target sanctuary city policies, expand the \"travel ban\" and cut work visas. He voiced support for the administration's third-country \"Asylum Cooperative\" agreements with Central American governments, among other policies, and pledged that it would pursue such policies with African and Asian countries if reelected. After Trump lost"
},
{
"title": "Stephen Miller (political advisor)",
"text": " the 2020 election and failed to get the result overturned in courts or state legislatures, on December 14 Miller described on television a plan to send \"alternate\" slates of electors to Congress. That day, as the official electoral college votes were being tallied, groups of self-appointed Republican \"alternate electors\" met in seven swing states and drafted fraudulent certificates of ascertainment. Since these alternate slates were not signed by the governors or secretaries of state of the states they claim to represent, they had no legal status, but could have been introduced as challenges to the true results when Congress counted the electoral votes on January 6, 2021. The watchdog group American Oversight published the documents in March 2021, but they received little attention until January 2022, when it was reported that the January 6 committee was investigating them. Michigan attorney general Dana Nessel announced in January 2022 that after a months-long investigation she had asked the U.S. Justice Department to open a criminal investigation. On January 6, Trump held a rally to support his false claim that the 2020 election had been stolen. Miller prepared the remarks that Trump delivered at the rally. During and after the speech, many of the attendees walked to the U.S. Capitol and stormed it.</s><s>Career.:Trump administration.:"
},
{
"title": "Stephen Miller (political advisor)",
"text": "Leaked emails. In November 2019, the Southern Poverty Law Center acquired more than 900 emails Miller sent \"Breitbart News\" writer Katie McHugh between 2015 and 2016. The emails became the basis for an exposé that showed that Miller had enthusiastically pushed the views of white nationalist publications such as \"American Renaissance\" and VDARE, as well as the far-right conspiracy website InfoWars, and promoted \"The Camp of the Saints\", a French novel circulating among neo-Nazis, shaping both White House policy and \"Breitbart\"s coverage of racial politics. In response to the exposé, White House press secretary Stephanie Grisham called the SPLC an \"utterly discredited, long-debunked far-left smear organization.\" As of November 15, 2019, over 80 Democratic members of Congress have called for Miller's resignation in light of his emails. On November 13, Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D-New York) started a petition that had reached more than 20,000 signatures by November 16. According to \"The Daily Beast\", seven \"senior Trump administration officials with knowledge of Miller's standing with the president and top staffers have all individually told \"The Daily Beast\" that the story did not endanger Miller's position,"
},
{
"title": "Stephen Miller (political advisor)",
"text": " or change Trump's favorable view of him. Two of them literally laughed at the mere suggestion that the Hatewatch exposé could have toppled or hobbled the top Trump adviser.\"</s><s>Media appearances. On February 8, 2016, Miller participated in an interview with InfoWars, during which he praised the site and its owner, Alex Jones, for its coverage of immigration and the Trans-Pacific Partnership. In a February 2017 appearance on CBS' \"Face the Nation\", Miller criticized the federal courts for blocking Trump's travel ban, accusing the judiciary of having \"taken far too much power and become, in many cases, a supreme branch of government... Our opponents, the media and the whole world will soon see as we begin to take further actions, that the powers of the president to protect our country are very substantial and will not be questioned.\" Miller's assertion was met with criticism from legal experts, such as Ilya Shapiro of the Cato Institute (who said that the administration's comments could undercut public confidence in the judiciary) and Cornell Law School professor Jens David Ohlin (who said that the statement showed \"an absurd lack of appreciation for the separation of powers\" set forth in the Constitution). In the same appearance, Miller falsely said there was significant voter fraud in the"
},
{
"title": "Stephen Miller (political advisor)",
"text": " 2016 presidential election and that \"thousands of illegal voters were bused in\" to New Hampshire. Miller did not provide any evidence in support of the statements; \"The Washington Post\"s Glenn Kessler found that Miller has on multiple occasions made false or unsubstantiated claims regarding electoral fraud. On January 7, 2018, Miller appeared on Jake Tapper's \"State of the Union\" on CNN. In the course of Tapper's interview of him, Miller called Steve Bannon's comments about the Trump Tower meeting in Michael Wolff's book \"Fire and Fury\" \"grotesque\". Miller then went on to state, \"The president is a political genius... who took down the Bush dynasty, who took down the Clinton dynasty, who took down the entire media complex\". Tapper accused Miller of dodging questions, while Miller questioned the legitimacy of CNN as a news broadcaster, and as the interview became more contentious, with both participants talking over each other, Tapper ended the interview and continued to the next news story. After the interview was over Miller refused to leave the CNN studio and had to be escorted out by security. In February 2019, as a controversy arose from a declaration of national emergency by Trump in order to fund building a wall along the southern border with Mexico that had been"
},
{
"title": "Stephen Miller (political advisor)",
"text": " denied by Congress, Miller defended the declaration during a televised interview by Chris Wallace.</s><s>Media appearances.:Debate with Jim Acosta. On August 2, 2017, Miller had a heated exchange with CNN's Jim Acosta at the White House daily briefing regarding the Trump administration's support for the RAISE Act to sharply limit legal immigration and favor immigrants with high English proficiency. Acosta said that the proposal was at odds with American traditions concerning immigration and said that the Statue of Liberty welcomes immigrants to the U.S., invoking verses from Emma Lazarus's \"The New Colossus\". Miller disputed the connection between the Statue of Liberty and immigration, pointing out that \"the poem that you're referring to, that was added later, is not actually a part of the original Statue of Liberty.\" Miller added that immigration has \"ebbed and flowed\" throughout American history and asked how many immigrants the U.S. had to accept annually to \"meet Jim Acosta's definition of the Statue of Liberty law of the land.\" In their coverage, multiple publications (such as \"The Washington Post\", \"Washington Monthly\" and \"U.S. News & World Report\") commented that the distinction Miller made between the Statue of Liberty and Lazarus's poem has been a popular talking point among the white supremacist"
},
{
"title": "Stephen Miller (political advisor)",
"text": " segments of the alt-right. The \"Post\"s Michelle Ye Hee Lee stated that \"Neither got it quite right about the Statue of Liberty ... While the poem itself was not a part of the original statue, it actually was commissioned in 1883 to help raise funds for the pedestal\" and \"gave another layer of meaning to the statue beyond its abolitionist message.\"</s><s>Personal life. Miller married Katie Waldman, a fellow administration official, on February 16, 2020. They have a daughter, born November 19, 2020, and announced the birth of their son in February 2022. Miller is Jewish. He announced on October 6, 2020, that he had tested positive for COVID-19. He was among several White House employees affected by an outbreak.</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Stephen Miller (political advisor)",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "North America"
}
|
factscore-000317
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Shawn Ashmore.
|
[
{
"title": "Shawn Ashmore",
"text": "<s>Shawn Ashmore Shawn Robert Ashmore (born October 7, 1979) is a Canadian actor. He is known for his roles as Bobby Drake / Iceman in the \"X-Men\" film series, Jake Berenson in the television series \"Animorphs\", Agent Mike Weston in the television drama series \"The Following\", Eric in the horror film \"The Ruins\", Sam Spencer in the ABC series \"Conviction\", Wesley Evers in the ABC series \"The Rookie\", and Lamplighter in the Amazon Prime Video superhero series \"The Boys\". Ashmore also plays the main character, Jack Joyce, in the 2016 video game \"Quantum Break\", as well as Conrad in 2019's \"\". He is the identical twin brother of actor Aaron Ashmore.</s><s>Early life. Ashmore was born in Richmond, British Columbia, the son of Linda (née Davis), a homemaker, and Rick Ashmore, a manufacturing engineer. He was raised in St. Albert, Alberta and Brampton, Ontario, where he attended Earnscliffe Senior Public School and Turner Fenton Secondary School. His twin brother, Aaron Ashmore, is also an actor. Aaron and Shawn have played twins in several movies, but have also pursued roles independently. Aaron is"
},
{
"title": "Shawn Ashmore",
"text": " slightly taller than Shawn and, according to Aaron, Shawn often gets cast as the nice guy while Aaron himself is cast as the bully. They have a \"GMA\" tattoo on their wrists that stands for \"Good Man Ashmore\"; their grandfather had a similar tattoo.</s><s>Career. One of Ashmore's notable roles was as Iceman in \"X-Men\" and its sequels \"X2\" and \"\". Ashmore also reprised his role as Iceman in the animated series \"The Super Hero Squad Show\", as well as voicing the role for \"\". Ashmore starred as Cadet Major Brad Rigby in \"Cadet Kelly\", a Disney Channel original film which aired in 2002 and he guest-starred as Eric Summers in two episodes of \"Smallville\", a series on which his brother was later cast in the role of Jimmy Olsen. Ashmore had starring roles on \"Animorphs\" as Jake Berenson and \"In a Heartbeat\" as Tyler Connell. In December 2004, Ashmore was cast in the lead role in the SciFi Channel mini series \"Legend of Earthsea\", based on the novels by Ursula K. Le Guin. He played the role of Ged, a young wizard-in-training"
},
{
"title": "Shawn Ashmore",
"text": ", who takes advice from a Magus (Danny Glover) and falls in love with Tenar (Kristin Kreuk), the protege of the High Priestess of the Tombs of Atuan (Isabella Rossellini). In 2005, Ashmore starred in a CTV TV movie about Terry Fox's historic run across Canada, which aired in September of that year. In 2008, he starred as one of the leads in the 2008 horror film \"The Ruins\". Ashmore was cast in Adam Green's 2010 dramatic thriller \"Frozen\" as Joe Lynch. Ashmore starred in the apocalyptic siege warfare film \"The Day\" with Dominic Monaghan, Michael Eklund, Shannyn Sossamon, and Ashley Bell. Ashmore also starred in the television drama series \"The Following\", starring Kevin Bacon. He reprised his role as Iceman in the 2014 film \"\". In April 2016, Shawn appeared in \"Quantum Break\", a singleplayer third-person shooter video game developed by Remedy Entertainment and published by Microsoft Studios, that features high budget live action TV show-like cut scenes where Shawn plays the main character, Jack Joyce. He also did the motion capture and voice acting for the character. From October 2016 to January 2017, he played the role"
},
{
"title": "Shawn Ashmore",
"text": " of Sam Spencer on the U.S. legal drama \"Conviction\". The series was filmed in Toronto. In 2020, Ashmore recurred in the second season of the Amazon Prime Video superhero series \"The Boys\" as Lamplighter, a former member of the superhero group the Seven.</s><s>Personal life. On July 27, 2012, Ashmore married film executive Dana Renee Wasdin, whom he met while filming \"Frozen\". The couple has one son, born in 2017.</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Shawn Ashmore",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "North America"
}
|
factscore-000318
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Paul Anka.
|
[
{
"title": "Paul Anka",
"text": "<s>Paul Anka Paul Albert Anka (born July 30, 1941) is a Canadian-American singer, songwriter and actor. He is best known for his signature hit songs including \"Diana\", \"Lonely Boy\", \"Put Your Head on My Shoulder\", and \"(You're) Having My Baby\". Anka also wrote the theme for \"The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson\"; one of Tom Jones' biggest hits, \"She's a Lady\"; and the English lyrics to Claude François and Jacques Revaux's music for Frank Sinatra's signature song \"My Way\", which has been recorded by many, including Elvis Presley. He co-wrote three songs with Michael Jackson: \"This Is It\" (originally titled \"I Never Heard\") \"Love Never Felt So Good\", and \"Don't Matter to Me\", which became posthumous hits for Jackson in 2009, 2014, and 2018, respectively.</s><s>Early life. Anka was born in Ottawa, Ontario, to Camelia (née Tannis) and Andrew Emile \"Andy\" Anka Sr., who owned a restaurant called the Locanda. His parents were both of Lebanese Christian descent. His father came to Canada from Bab Tuma, Damascus, Syria, and"
},
{
"title": "Paul Anka",
"text": " his mother was an immigrant from Lebanon. His mother died when he was 18. Anka sang with the St. Elias Antiochian Orthodox Cathedral choir under the direction of Frederick Karam, with whom he studied music theory. He studied piano with Winnifred Rees. He attended Fisher Park High School, where he was part of a vocal trio called the Bobby Soxers.</s><s>Career.</s><s>Career.:Early success. Paul Anka recorded his first single, \"I Confess\", when he was 14. In 1956, with $100 given to him by his uncle, he went to New York City where he auditioned for Don Costa at ABC Records, singing what was widely believed to be a lovestruck verse he had written to a former babysitter. In an interview with NPR's Terry Gross in 2005, he stated that it was to a girl at his church whom he hardly knew. The resulting song \"Diana\" brought Anka stardom as it went to 1 on the Canadian and US music charts. \"Diana\" is one of the best selling singles ever by a Canadian recording artist. He followed up with four songs that made it into the Top 20 in 1958, including \"It's Time to Cry\", which hit"
},
{
"title": "Paul Anka",
"text": " 4 and \"(All of a Sudden) My Heart Sings\", which reached 15, making him (at 17) one of the biggest teen idols of the time. He toured Britain, then Australia with Buddy Holly. Anka also wrote \"It Doesn't Matter Anymore\" – a song written for Holly, which Holly recorded just before he died in 1959. Anka stated shortly afterward: Paul Anka's talent included the theme for \"The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson\" (reworked in 1962 from a song Anka wrote earlier called \"Toot Sweet\"; it had been rewritten with lyrics and recorded by Annette Funicello in 1959 as \"It's Really Love\"). He wrote \"Teddy\" – a Top 20 hit for Connie Francis in 1960. Anka wrote the English lyrics to \"My Way\", Frank Sinatra's signature song (originally the French song \"Comme d'habitude\"). In the 1960s, Anka began acting in motion pictures as well as writing songs for them, most notably the theme for the hit film \"The Longest Day\" (which also was the official march of the Canadian Airborne Regiment), in which he made a cameo appearance as a U.S. Army Ranger. For"
},
{
"title": "Paul Anka",
"text": " his film work he wrote and recorded one of his greatest hits \"Lonely Boy\". He also wrote and recorded \"My Home Town\", which was a 8 pop hit for him the same year. He then went on to become one of the first pop singers to perform at the Las Vegas casinos. In 1960, he appeared twice as himself in NBC's short-lived crime drama \"Dan Raven\". In 1963, Anka purchased the rights and ownership of his ABC-Paramount catalog and re-recorded his earlier hits for RCA Victor, which he had joined in 1960. Like many American recording artists of the mid 1960s, Anka's career was derailed by the British Invasion. By the end of the decade, he focused mainly on adult contemporary and big-band standards and began appearing regularly in Las Vegas. In the early 1970s, Anka signed with Buddah Records, releasing two albums, the self-titled \"Paul Anka\" and \"Jubilation\". The former, first released in 1971, included the track \"She's a Lady\", a song Anka composed that would become the biggest hit for Welsh singer Tom Jones that same year. Anka's version failed to become a chart success.</s><s>Career.:1970s chart"
},
{
"title": "Paul Anka",
"text": " comeback. Frustrated after more than ten years without a top 25 hit record, Anka switched labels again, which marked a turning point in his career. This time he signed with United Artists and in 1974 teamed up with Odia Coates to record the 1 hit, \"(You're) Having My Baby\", exposing Anka to a new generation of fans and proved his staying power among his original fan base that was now maturing. Anka also wrote five songs which were included on an album by Don Goodwin. Anka and Coates would record three more duets that made it into the Top 10, \"One Man Woman/One Woman Man\" ( 7), \"I Don't Like to Sleep Alone\" ( 8), and the 15 duet \"(I Believe) There's Nothing Stronger Than Our Love\". In 1975, he recorded a jingle for Kodak written by Bill Lane (lyrics) and Roger Nichols (melody) called \"Times of Your Life\". It became so popular Anka recorded it as a full song, which peaked at 7 in the US pop chart in 1976. The follow-up was another hit that Anka wrote for Sinatra, \"Anytime (I'll Be There)\", pe"
},
{
"title": "Paul Anka",
"text": "aking at 33. Anka's last Top 40 hit in the US was in the summer of 1983: \"Hold Me 'Til the Mornin' Comes\", which included backing vocals from then-Chicago frontman Peter Cetera; it hit 2 on the Hot Adult Contemporary chart.</s><s>Career.:1990s comeback. Anka's 1998 album \"A Body of Work\" was his first new US studio release since \"Walk a Fine Line\" in 1983; vocalists and performers included Celine Dion, Kenny G, Patti LaBelle, and Skyler Jett. The album included a new version of \"Hold Me 'Til the Morning Comes\", once again performed with Peter Cetera. In 2005, Anka released an album of big-band arrangements of contemporary Rock songs titled, \"Rock Swings\"; the album provided a mainstream comeback of sorts that saw Anka awarded a star on Canada's Walk of Fame in Toronto. On October 12, 2009, Anka stated that Michael Jackson's new release titled \"This Is It\" was a collaborative effort between the two in 1983. According to Anka, after recording the song, Jackson decided not to use it and the tune was then recorded and released by Sa-Fire"
},
{
"title": "Paul Anka",
"text": ". After Anka threatened to sue for credit and a share of royalties, the administrators of Jackson's estate granted Anka 50% of the copyright. An additional song that Jackson co-wrote with Anka from this 1983 session, \"Love Never Felt So Good\", was discovered shortly thereafter. His album \"Songs of December\" charted at 58 in Canada in November 2011.</s><s>Career.:Italy. Paul Anka collaborated with a number of Italian musicians, including composer/director Ennio Morricone, singer-songwriter Lucio Battisti, and lyricist Mogol. His official discography reports nine singles released by RCA Italiana, but the Italian charts list at least six other songs he interpreted or recorded in Italian. His top hit was \"Ogni giorno\" which scored 1 in 1962, followed by \"Piangerò per te\" and \"Ogni volta\", which reached both 2, in 1963 and 1964. \"Ogni volta\" (\"Every Time\") was sung by Anka during the Festival di Sanremo of 1964 and then sold more than one million copies in Italy alone; it was also awarded a gold disc. He returned to Sanremo"
},
{
"title": "Paul Anka",
"text": " in 1968 with \"La farfalla impazzita\" by Battisti-Mogol. On that occasion, the same title was interpreted by Italian crooner Johnny Dorelli. The pair of singers, however, were eliminated before the final stage of the musical contest. Anka, maybe only coincidentally, left the Italian scene shortly thereafter. In 2003, Anka came back with an exclusive concert in Bologna, organized by the Italian company Mapei during the CERSAIE exhibition. He recorded a version of \"My Way\" with alternate lyrics dedicated to the sponsor of the evening. In 2006, he recorded a duet with 1960s Italian hitmaker Adriano Celentano, a new cover of \"Diana\", with Italian lyrics by Celentano-Mogol and with singer-songwriter Alex Britti on the guitar. The song hit 3.</s><s>Career.:Finland. Paul Anka has been very popular in Finland since the beginning of his career. He performed in Helsinki's Linnanmäki in 1959, in Lappeenranta in 1989, at the Pori Jazz Festival in Pori on 19 July 2007 and in 2012, and in Tampere three times on 6"
},
{
"title": "Paul Anka",
"text": " August 2008 and on 9 and 10 August 2009. He also appeared in the Las Vegas scene in the 1991 Finnish film \"Prince of the Hit Parade\" (\"Iskelmäprinssi\"), directed by Juha Tapaninen. At the end of the film there is an archive footage of Anka's performance in Linnanmäki. As background music, Anka performs his song \"How Long\" in the film.</s><s>Career.:Other countries. With less success than in Italy and Finland, Anka tried the French market as well, with his first song being \"Comme Avant\" with Mireille Mathieu. In 1964 he released an album titled \"Paul Anka à Paris\"; the six tracks on side B were sung in French. A single release in Japanese (\"Kokoro no Sasae\"/\"Shiawase e no Tabiji\") is also reported on his discography. In 1993, he recorded a duet with Filipino singer Regine Velasquez titled \"It's Hard to Say Goodbye\", included on her album \"Reason Enough\". This song was re-recorded several years later by Anka and Celine Dion and was included on his album \"A Body of Work\". Anka has performed four times"
},
{
"title": "Paul Anka",
"text": " in Israel, and in 2019 rejected pleas that he boycott the country.</s><s>Personal life. Paul Anka was married to Anne de Zogheb, the daughter of a Lebanese diplomat, Charles de Zogheb, from February 16, 1963 until 2001. The couple met in 1962 in San Juan, Puerto Rico, where she was a fashion model on assignment and under contract to the Eileen Ford Agency. Zogheb, brought up in Egypt, is of Lebanese, English, French, Dutch, and Greek descent. The couple married the following year in a ceremony at Paris-Orly Airport. Through his daughter Amanda, he is the father-in-law of the actor Jason Bateman. On September 6, 1990, he became a naturalized citizen of the United States. In 2008, Anka married his personal trainer, Anna Åberg, in Sardinia, Italy. They divorced in 2010, and Paul has full custody of their son. Anna was featured in the Swedish TV3 show \"Svenska Hollywoodfruar\" (\"Swedish Hollywood Wives\"). Anka's autobiography, \"My Way\", co-written with David Dalton, was published in 2013. In October 2016, Anka married Lisa Pemberton in"
},
{
"title": "Paul Anka",
"text": " Beverly Hills, California. They divorced in 2020.</s><s>Acting career. Paul Anka's first acting role in a major film was in a cameo as an army private in \"The Longest Day\" (1962). He also composed the title song to the movie. During the late 1950s and early 1960s, he starred in such teen exploitation films as \"Girls Town\" (1959) and \"Look in Any Window\" (1961), in which he played a peeping tom. He later played an Elvis-hating casino pit manager in \"3000 Miles to Graceland\" (2001) and a yacht broker in \"Captain Ron\" (1992). He guest-starred as a murder suspect in one of the Perry Mason Made-for-TV movies, \"The Case of the Maligned Mobster\" (1991). He made guest appearances as himself in the episode \"Red's Last Day\" on \"That '70s Show\" and in \"The Real Paul Anka\" episode of \"Gilmore Girls\". He made several appearances on the NBC TV series \"Las Vegas\". In 2016, he made another guest appearance as himself in the \"Spring\" episode of, a revival of the original show.</s><s>Other film and television appearances. Paul"
},
{
"title": "Paul Anka",
"text": "Anka was the subject of the 1962 National Film Board of Canada documentary \"\"Lonely Boy\"\", considered a classic work of cinema verite. He wrote and performed songs in the 1985 Canadian children's Christmas cartoon \"George and the Christmas Star\". He appeared on The Simpsons season 7 episode Treehouse of Horror VI, \"Attack of the 50 Ft Eyesore\", singing a song with Lisa in October 1995. In \"American Idol\"s seasons 2 and 3, he made a special appearance and sang an adapted version of \"My Way\" that mocked the format of the show, as well as participants, judges, and the host. The performance was praised as one of the best moments of the show. Anka competed in season four of \"The Masked Singer\" as \"Broccoli\". He ended up finishing in 7th place during the Group C finals. On \"Gilmore Girls\", Lorelai Gilmore named her Polish Lowland Sheepdog after Anka. Series co-creator Daniel Palladino chose the name after hearing the \"Rock Swings\" album at a coffeehouse. In the cold open to the episode \"The Real Paul Anka\", both Paul Ankas were featured in a dream sequence Lorelai describes to her daughter Rory. Anka appeared as"
},
{
"title": "Paul Anka",
"text": " himself in the American sitcom \"That 70s Show\" in season 2, episode 2 “Red’s Last Day”. Anka appeared in an episode of The Morecambe and Wise Show in 1970, singing his own lyrics 'My Way'. The show was broadcast again on BBC2 on Christmas Day 2021 after the tape recording - believed lost - was found.</s><s>Awards and honours. In 1972, a street in Ottawa was named Paul Anka Drive. In 1981, the Ottawa City Council named August 26 as \"Paul Anka Day\" to celebrate his quarter-century in show business. Paul Anka won the Juno Award for Composer of the Year (an award given for songwriting) in 1975. He has been nominated for Juno Awards many other times. He was inducted into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame in 1980. Anka was made an Officer of the Order of Canada in October 2004. Anka was inducted into Canada's Walk of Fame in 2005.</s><s>In popular culture. In the mid-1980s, Anka was secretly recorded while launching a tirade against his crew and band members, berating them for behavior that he considered unprofessional. When asked about it on the interview program \"Fresh Air\","
},
{
"title": "Paul Anka",
"text": " he referred to the person who did the recording as a \"snake we later fired\". The recording became widely known after being uploaded to the internet around 2004, and a number of quotes from it became famous, including \"The guys get shirts!\"; \"Don't make a maniac out of me!\"; and \"Slice like a f*****g hammer\". Some of the quotes were reproduced verbatim by Al Pacino's character in the 2007 film \"Ocean's Thirteen\". In the TV show \"Gilmore Girls\", Lorelai Gilmore names her dog Paul Anka.</s><s>Business ventures. In 1978, Paul Anka opened Jubilation, a restaurant and club considered one of the first modern-era nightclubs in Las Vegas; County Commissioner Chris Giunchigliani was its first female bartender. In 2012, Anka co-founded the holographic tech startup, ARHT Media. He is currently a member of ARHT Media's Board of Advisors, alongside Kevin O'Leary and Brian Mulroney.</s><s>References. Works cited - \"36 People\" Magazine November 7, 2016, p. 13</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Paul Anka",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "North America"
}
|
factscore-000319
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Tacko Fall.
|
[
{
"title": "Tacko Fall",
"text": "<s>Tacko Fall Elhadji Tacko Sereigne Diop Fall (born 10 December 1995) is a Senegalese professional basketball player for the Xinjiang Flying Tigers of the Chinese Basketball Association (CBA). Fall was born and raised in Dakar, Senegal. He moved to the United States at age 16 and later played college basketball for the University of Central Florida (UCF). Fall went undrafted in the 2019 NBA draft, but later signed with the Boston Celtics. During his two seasons in Boston, he became a fan favorite. He signed with the Cleveland Cavaliers as a free agent in 2021. At, Fall was one of the tallest NBA players and is one of the tallest living humans.{{cite web |title=Tacko Fall Measures at 7'7\", 289 Lbs at 2019 NBA Draft Scouting Combine</s><s>Early life. Fall was born and raised in Dakar, Senegal. In 2011, Senegalese basketball coach Ibrahima N'Diaye, the brother of former NBA player Mamadou N'Diaye, heard from a friend about an exceptionally tall teenager he had seen playing with friends in a local street. After identifying him, they visited the 15-year-old Fall—who already stood tall—at"
},
{
"title": "Tacko Fall",
"text": " his home and persuaded Fall's mother, Marianne Diop Sene, to allow Fall to start attending N'Diaye's basketball academy. Fall moved to the United States at age 16. He first played organized basketball in Houston, Texas, and trained with NBA Hall of Famer Hakeem Olajuwon. He was listed as and was purportedly still growing around his senior year, making him the tallest high school basketball player in the country while he played for Jamie's House Charter and Liberty Christian Prep. Due to his height and reach, Fall was one of the most highly scouted high school basketball centers in the nation. Fall first played for Jamie's House Charter School in Houston, where his team won the state championship. Fall played with ISTI all-stars summer travel team & for Each 1 Teach 1 on the Nike Elite Youth Basketball League (EYBL) circuit where he played alongside fellow class of 2015 recruits Antonio Blakeney and Ben Simmons. He also played in several NCAA certified events, including the NBPA Top 100 Camp in Virginia. Fall then attended Liberty Christian Preparatory School in Tavares, Florida. As a senior in 2015, Fall averaged 20 points, 15 rebounds, and 5.1 blocks per game. Rated as a four-star and three"
},
{
"title": "Tacko Fall",
"text": "-star recruit in the 2015 high school class and nearly forty different schools expressing interest in him, Fall committed to the University of Central Florida in Orlando, who officially signed him on October 28, 2014. He played with the UCF Knights under head coach Donnie Jones.</s><s>College career. Fall played college basketball at University of Central Florida for Knights as a center. He faced fellow giant Senegalese center Mamadou N'Diaye (unrelated to the former NBA player of the same name), who stands at, in the tallest tip-off and match-up in US college basketball history in a game against University of California Irvine. Both men come from the same city, Dakar. By his sophomore year, after N'Diaye declared for the 2016 NBA draft, Fall became the tallest player in college basketball. During his sophomore season, Fall would make considerable improvements in his playing style. In 2017, Fall was named American Athletic Conference Defensive Player of the Year. Fall grew to be an efficient player, ranking second nationally in field goal percentage as of January 2017. On 5 April 2017, Fall declared for the 2017 NBA draft, with the possibility of returning to Central Florida still available to him before the end of the draft lottery that year. On 24 May"
},
{
"title": "Tacko Fall",
"text": " 2017, Fall withdrew his name from consideration for the NBA draft, to return to UCF for his junior year. During his junior year, Fall injured his shoulder, causing him to only play in 16 games, totaling 351 minutes. Coming into his senior season, Fall was named to the Preseason Second Team All-AAC. During his senior season, Fall helped lead the Knights to the 2019 NCAA tournament and secured their first victory in program history with a win over Virginia Commonwealth University. In his final game, Fall recorded 15 points and six rebounds in a losing effort against Duke University 77–76.</s><s>Professional career. After the conclusion of his senior year, Fall was named one of 80 participants (40 representing the NBA draft hopefuls) for the NBA G League Elite Camp on May 12–14. By the end of the event, Fall later got transferred into the NBA Draft Combine as one of an additional 11 participants there. During the combine, he put up new records at the event, including height (which received comparisons to former NBA player Manute Bol), wingspan, and standing reach.</s><s>Professional career.:Boston Celtics (2019–2021). Despite going undrafted in the 2019 NBA draft, Fall was signed to an Exhibit 10 Contract on June 21,"
},
{
"title": "Tacko Fall",
"text": " 2019, by the Boston Celtics. Fall played for the Celtics during the 2019 NBA Summer League season, scoring six points in his first game alongside four rebounds; in his second game he tallied twelve points for his first double-digit scoring game, alongside another rebound. He had one blocked shot in each of his first two games. Fall concluded his 2019 Summer League run participating in all five games with the Celtics and averaging 7.2 points, 4.0 rebounds, 1.4 blocks, and shooting a team-high 77 percent from the field. On July 25, 2019, the Celtics officially announced that they had signed Fall. On October 13, 2019, the Celtics officially announced that they had signed Fall to a two-way contract, splitting time between the Celtics and Maine Red Claws. Fall made his debut for the Celtics on October 26 during a game against the New York Knicks at Madison Square Garden. He played for four minutes, scoring four points and grabbing three rebounds, with his first points coming from a standing dunk. On December 20, Fall recorded a season-high five points, along with two rebounds and one block, in a 114–93 win over the Detroit Pistons. On August 13, 2020, he logged season-highs of four rebounds and two blocks in"
},
{
"title": "Tacko Fall",
"text": " a 90–96 loss to the Washington Wizards. Fall led the Celtics in field goal percentage during the 2019–20 season. In the G League for the Red Claws, Fall averaged a double-double of 12.9 points and 11.1 rebounds per game. He earned All-Defensive Team honors, with averages of nearly three blocks per game. On November 23, 2020, Fall re-signed with the Boston Celtics on a two-way contract, allowing him to play for the Celtics and Maine Red Claws in the 2020–21 season. On December 30, he made his season debut for the Celtics, recording two points, one rebound and two blocks in a 126–107 win over the Memphis Grizzlies. On January 15, 2021, Fall logged a season-high six points, along with five rebounds and one block, in a 124–97 blowout win over the Orlando Magic. On May 5, he recorded a season-high four blocks in a 132–96 blowout win over the Orlando Magic. On May 16, he grabbed a season-high eight rebounds in a 92–96 loss to the New York Knicks. Despite being under a two-way contract, Fall never played in the G League during the 2020–21 season due to the Red"
},
{
"title": "Tacko Fall",
"text": " Claws not playing due to the COVID-19 pandemic. He also led the Celtics in field goal percentage for the second season in a row.</s><s>Professional career.:Cleveland Cavaliers (2021–2022). On September 27, 2021, Fall signed with the Cleveland Cavaliers. On October 16, his deal was converted to a two-way contract with the Cleveland Charge. On November 11, Fall made his debut for the Charge, logging a G League career-high 23 points along with 12 rebounds and three blocks in 29 minutes of play. On December 22, Fall made his first career NBA start in a 111–101 loss to the Boston Celtics, where he grabbed a career-high 10 rebounds and a season-high 4 points. On January 9, 2022, he was waived by the Cavaliers.</s><s>Professional career.:Cleveland Charge (2022). On January 12, 2022, Fall was re-acquired by the Cleveland Charge.</s><s>Professional career.:Xinjiang Flying Tigers (2022–present). On August 24, 2022, Fall signed a one-year contract to play for the Xinjiang Flying Tigers of the Chinese Basketball Association.</s><s>Player profile. Given his size, Fall plays the center position. His shoe size"
},
{
"title": "Tacko Fall",
"text": " is 22 and his wingspan is and a standing reach of. He also has a max vertical leap of. Fall's hands measure at 10.5 inches in length and width. Going into the 2019 NBA draft, Fall was viewed as a great shot blocker who was relatively lacking in lane agility and three-quarter-court sprinting speed.</s><s>Career statistics.</s><s>Career statistics.:NBA. Source</s><s>Personal life. Fall is a Muslim, and selected the jersey number 99 with the Celtics as a reference to the 99 Names of Allah. He is not the only tall member of his family; his younger brother was reportedly at age 7, while two of his uncles are, but his extreme height stands apart even among them. He maintained a 4.0 grade point average (GPA) in high school, while taking advanced mathematics and science classes. He became fluent in English within eight months and scored in the 95th percentile on the SAT. He was a computer science major at UCF and originally had aspirations of becoming an engineer for electronic companies such as Siemens or Microsoft.</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Tacko Fall",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "North America"
}
|
factscore-000320
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Phife Dawg.
|
[
{
"title": "Phife Dawg",
"text": "<s>Phife Dawg Malik Izaak Taylor (November 20, 1970March 22, 2016), known professionally as Phife Dawg (or simply Phife), was an American rapper and a member of the group A Tribe Called Quest with Q-Tip and Ali Shaheed Muhammad (and for a short time Jarobi White). He was also known as the \"Five-Foot Assassin\" and \"the Five-Footer\", because he stood at.</s><s>Early life. Phife Dawg was born Malik Izaak Taylor on November 20, 1970, in Queens, New York City, the son of Trinidadian immigrant parents Cheryl Boyce-Taylor, a poet, and Walt Taylor. Born prematurely, his twin brother Mikal died shortly after birth. His mother settled in the St. Albans neighborhood of Queens, where Phife Dawg was raised, when she was 13 years old. He was a cousin of writer Zinzi Clemmons. He first met his friend Q-Tip at the age of two, and at nine years old, Phife Dawg suggested that they should rap, after hearing \"Rapper's Delight\" by the Sugarhill Gang for the first time. He attended Pine Forge Academy, a Seventh-day Adventist boarding"
},
{
"title": "Phife Dawg",
"text": " school near Philadelphia, for his freshman year of high school, later transferring to Springfield Gardens High School in Queens.</s><s>Career. Phife Dawg formed A Tribe Called Quest, then simply named Quest, with Q-Tip and DJ Ali Shaheed Muhammad in 1985; the group was later expanded with the addition of Jarobi White. A Tribe Called Quest were closely associated with fellow hip-hop acts De La Soul and Jungle Brothers, with the groups collectively known as the Native Tongues. A Tribe Called Quest was initially offered a demo deal by Geffen Records in 1989, but signed to Jive Records to release its 1990 début \"People's Instinctive Travels and the Paths of Rhythm\". Phife Dawg's contributions to the group increased on its second album, 1991's \"The Low End Theory\", which saw Phife—often calling himself \"the Five-Foot Assassin\"—rapping about social and political issues; the record has since been acclaimed by critics and musicians. The group released three more albums that decade—\"Midnight Marauders\" in 1993, \"Beats, Rhymes and Life\" in 1996, and \"The Love Movement\" in 1998—before disbanding as a result of conflict both with their record label and internally. The group"
},
{
"title": "Phife Dawg",
"text": "'s troubles, especially the sometimes tense relationship between Phife and Q-Tip, were featured in the 2011 documentary \"\", directed by Michael Rapaport. Phife also performed with other artists. He was featured on the Fu-Schnickens song \"La Schmoove\", Diamond D's \"Painz & Strife\" with Pete Rock, and Chi-Ali's \"Let the Horns Blow\" with Dres, Al' Tariq and Trugoy. In 2000, he released his debut solo album, \"\". In 2013, it was reported that Phife was working on another solo album, \"MUTTYmorPHosis\". A single, \"Sole Men\", was released one day after Phife's death (March 23, 2016) along with a posthumously released video. Another single, \"Nutshell\", was released online in April 2016 along with a posthumously released video. On November 13, 2015, A Tribe Called Quest reunited for a performance on \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\" in commemoration of the 25th anniversary of \"People's Instinctive Travels and the Paths of Rhythm\". That night, Phife and Q-Tip decided to put aside their differences and record a new group album,"
},
{
"title": "Phife Dawg",
"text": " \"We Got It from Here... Thank You 4 Your Service\", in secrecy. Phife spent four months working on the album before his death; it was completed by the surviving members and released on November 11, 2016. In February 2017, it was announced that Phife's second studio album would be released later in the year. The single \"Wanna Dance\" was released that month and features Dwele and Mike City. Phife Dawg's second solo album, \"Forever\", was released on March 22, 2022, the sixth anniversary of his death.</s><s>Personal life. Taylor was married to Deisha Head-Taylor and had two children, a daughter and a son. He was a fan of the New York Knicks, and was a playable character in the video games \"NBA 2K7\" and \"NBA 2K9\".</s><s>Personal life.:Health problems and death. Taylor was diagnosed with diabetes in 1990. Conflicting reports indicated it as type 1, while other sources reported it as type 2. He described himself as a \"funky diabetic\" in the single \"Oh My God\" from A Tribe Called Quest's 1993 album \"Midnight Marauders\". After the group disbanded, he continued playing live shows to help cover medical costs"
},
{
"title": "Phife Dawg",
"text": ", and revealed in the 2011 documentary film \"\" that he was \"just addicted to sugar... it's really a sickness\". In 2008, Taylor developed renal failure and received a kidney transplant from his wife, but it was unsuccessful, and by 2012 he again required a transplant. On March 22, 2016, Taylor died at age 45 in his Oakley, California, home due to complications of diabetes.</s><s>Legacy. Phife has been described as having had a \"self-deprecating swagger\", and his work with A Tribe Called Quest helped challenge the \"macho posturing\" of rap and hip-hop music during the late 1980s and early 1990s. Phife's work has been cited as an influence on Kanye West, Jill Scott, The Roots and Common, while the 1991 album \"The Low End Theory\" is considered one of the greatest hip-hop albums ever. On November 19, 2016, a portion of Linden Boulevard, at the intersection of 192nd Street in St. Albans, was honorarily renamed \"Malik 'Phife Dawg' Taylor Way\". The location is significant as the site of the video for A Tribe Called Quest's song \"Check the Rhime\".</s><s>Discography.</s><s>Discography.:Studio"
},
{
"title": "Phife Dawg",
"text": " albums. - \"\" (2000) - \"Forever\" (2022)</s><s>Filmography. - 1993: \"Who's the Man?\" – Gerald - 1998: \"The Rugrats Movie\" – Newborn Baby - 2007: \"NBA 2K8\" – Himself - 2011: \"\" – Himself - 2017: \"NBA 2K18\" - Himself</s><s>Further reading. -</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Phife Dawg",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "North America"
}
|
factscore-000321
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Jose Canseco.
|
[
{
"title": "Jose Canseco",
"text": "<s>Jose Canseco José Canseco Capas Jr. (born July 2, 1964), nicknamed Parkway Jose, Mr. 40-40 and El Cañonero Cubano (The Cuban Cannon), is a Cuban-American former Major League Baseball (MLB) outfielder and designated hitter. During his time with the Oakland Athletics, he established himself as one of the premier power hitters in the game. He won the Rookie of the Year (1986), and Most Valuable Player award (1988), and was a six-time All-Star. Canseco is a two-time World Series champion with the Oakland A's (1989) and the New York Yankees (2000). In 1988 Canseco became the first player in Major League Baseball history to hit 40 home runs and steal 40 bases in one season. He won the Silver Slugger award four times: three as an AL outfielder (1988, 1990, 1991), and once as a designated hitter (1998). He ranks fourth all time in A's history with 254 home runs and is one of 14 players in MLB history with 400 home runs and 200 stolen bases. Despite many injuries during the later part of his career, Canseco averaged 40 home runs, 120 RBIs and 102 runs scored every 162 games"
},
{
"title": "Jose Canseco",
"text": ", playing a total of 1887 games in 17 seasons with seven different teams. Canseco admitted using performance-enhancing drugs during his major-league playing career, and in 2005 wrote a tell-all book, \"\", in which he said that the vast majority of MLB players use steroids. After retiring from Major League Baseball, he also competed in boxing and mixed martial arts.</s><s>Early life. Canseco was born in Havana, Cuba, the son of Jose Sr. and Barbara Canseco. He has a twin brother, Ozzie Canseco, who is also a former major league player. When Fidel Castro came into power in 1959, Jose Sr., a territory manager for the oil and gasoline corporation Esso as well as a part-time English teacher, lost his job and eventually his home. The family was allowed to leave Cuba in 1965, when the twins were barely 1 year old, and settled in the Miami area, where Jose Sr. became a territory manager for another oil and gasoline concern, Amoco, and a part-time security guard. The younger Jose Canseco played baseball at Miami Coral Park High School, where he failed to make the varsity team until his senior year. He was named Most Valuable Player of"
},
{
"title": "Jose Canseco",
"text": " the junior varsity team in his junior year, and of the varsity team the following year. He graduated in 1982.</s><s>Baseball career.</s><s>Baseball career.:Minor League Baseball (1982–1985). The Oakland Athletics drafted Canseco in the 15th round of the 1982 Major League Baseball draft. He made his professional baseball debut with the Miami Marlins of the Florida State League and also played Minor League Baseball with the Medford A's, Madison Muskies, Idaho Falls A's, Modesto A's, and Tacoma Tigers. Canseco started the 1985 season with the Class-AA Huntsville Stars and became known as \"Parkway Jose\" for his long home runs (25 in half a season) that went close to the Memorial Parkway behind Joe Davis Stadium. Canseco was nicknamed \"The Natural\", with some analysts saying he was the best prospect since Willie Mays. Oakland A's hitting coach Bob Watson said that Canseco was a mixture of Roberto Clemente, Dale Murphy, and Reggie Jackson. Others touted Canseco as the next Mickey Mantle.</s><s>Baseball career.:Major League Baseball (1985–2001).</s><s>Baseball career.:Major League Baseball (1985–2001).:Oakland Athletics (1985–"
},
{
"title": "Jose Canseco",
"text": "1992). In 1985, Canseco won the Baseball America Minor League Player of the Year Award, and was a late \"September call-up\" for the Oakland Athletics. He made his Major League debut on September 2, striking out in his one at-bat against the Baltimore Orioles. His first hit was off Ron Guidry of the New York Yankees on September 7, and his first home run was off Jeff Russell of the Texas Rangers on September 9. He played in 29 games in the major leagues in 1985, batting.302 with 5 home runs and 13 RBIs in 96 at-bats. He was named Player of the Week from September 23 to 29 with a.481 BA (13 for 27), 3 HRs and 7 RBIs in 7 games. He played both left and right field in 26 games and made 3 errors in 61 chances, with 56 putouts, 2 assist and 1 double play. On September 26 he played 3 innings in center field, in his only career appearance in that position. For the entire 1985 year (AA, AAA and Major League level combined), Canseco had a.330 batting average with 41 home runs, 140 runs batted in, 73 extra base hits, 336 total bases and a.622 slugging percentage. After"
},
{
"title": "Jose Canseco",
"text": " being named Minor League Baseball Player of the Year and a good September call-up the prior year, Canseco was the favorite to win the American League's Rookie of the Year Award in 1986. He batted either fifth or third in the lineup and he established himself that year in his first full season as the starting left fielder for the Athletics. By the All-Star break he was leading the American League in home runs (23) and runs batted in (78) and was selected as a backup outfielder for the All-Star Game by manager Dick Howser, although he did not see any playing time in the game. An 0-for-34 batting slump in August prevented him from winning the RBI crown, finishing with 117, four fewer than league leader Joe Carter. He led the league in outfielder errors with 14 and was third with 175 strikeouts. Nonetheless, his 33 home runs (4th in the AL), 117 RBIs, 29 doubles and 15 stolen bases helped him win the American League Rookie of the Year award, defeating California Angels first baseman Wally Joyner. He also finished 20th in the American League MVP ballot. In 1987, first baseman Mark McGwire joined Canseco on the Athletics. On that roster the A's also had slugger Reggie Jackson,"
},
{
"title": "Jose Canseco",
"text": " Canseco's childhood hero, playing in his last season. McGwire hit 49 home runs that year and was also named the American League Rookie of the Year. Together, Canseco and McGwire formed a fearsome offensive tandem, later known as the \"Bash Brothers\". Canseco followed his rookie season with a similar offensive performance in 1987. He improved his batting average from.240 in 1986 to.257 in 1987, hitting 31 home runs, 113 runs batted in (6th in the AL), and 35 doubles (10th) in 691 at-bats (9th), while missing only 3 games the entire season. He was also 5th in the league in strikeouts, with 157. In the outfield, Canseco improved his performance compared to 1986. Playing left field the entire year, he was among the league leaders in this position with a.976 fielding average (3rd), 267 putouts (2nd), 12 assists (3rd) and 3 double plays (1st). He only committed 7 errors, half of what he made the previous year. He finished 23rd in the MVP ballot. Canseco combined with McGwire for a total of 80 home runs and 236 runs batted in, making the young pair (Canse"
},
{
"title": "Jose Canseco",
"text": "co was 22 years old and McGwire 23) the most spectacular batting duo in the upcoming years, drawing comparisons to the likes of Mickey Mantle/Roger Maris, Willie Mays/Willie McCovey and Hank Aaron/Eddie Mathews. During the preseason of 1988, Canseco guaranteed he would hit at least 40 home runs and steal at least 40 bases in the upcoming season. The Athletics lineup featured established players with a lot of experience like former MVPs Dave Parker and Don Baylor, as well as outfielder Dave Henderson, and third baseman Carney Lansford, that complemented McGwire and Canseco in the middle of the batting order. After alternating between batting second and third in the lineup for the first 10 games of the season, he was inserted in the number 3 spot for the rest of the season. He also moved from left to right field. Canseco hit a home run in opening day against the Seattle Mariners and had his first stolen base of the season. On the first 40 games of the season he hit for a.300 batting average with 10 home runs and 15 stolen bases. His first multi-home run game was on July 3 against the Toronto Blue Jays at Exhibition Stadium during a 16-inning contest in which Canseco"
},
{
"title": "Jose Canseco",
"text": " had a 3-for-7 performance, with 3 home runs and 6 runs batted in. By the All-Star break he had 24 home runs (1st in the American League), 22 stolen bases, and 67 RBIs (2nd in the AL). He was selected by fans to the All-Star Game as one of the starting outfielders, batting fourth in the lineup. On July 31 he had his second and last multi-home run game of the year against the Seattle Mariners, hitting 2 homers. On September 18, he hit his 40th home run of the year against the Kansas City Royals in front of the Oakland crowd. Five days later against the Milwaukee Brewers, Canseco stole 2 bases, the second one coming after his first bunt of the season, to become the first 40-40 player in Major League history. With a.393/.446/.753 slash line, 8 home runs and 24 RBIs in 24 games for the month, he was named the American League's Player of the Month for September. A well-rounded team with lots of power, great starting and relief pitching, and a sound defense, the Oakland Athletics finished the season with a major league-best 104 wins and swept the Boston Red Sox in 4 games in the"
},
{
"title": "Jose Canseco",
"text": " ALCS. For the series Canseco had a.313 batting average and hit home runs in games one, two and four, and all of them either tied the game or gave the Athletics the lead, but the ALCS MVP Award went to reliver Dennis Eckersley who had 4 saves in 4 chances. The A's met the Los Angeles Dodgers in the World Series, a matchup that featured the leading candidate to win the American League MVP Award facing the eventual National League Cy Young Award winner, Orel Hershiser. The Dodgers prevailed, upsetting the A's in five games. Canseco hit a grand slam in Game 1 during his first official World Series at-bat (though his second plate appearance, after he was hit by a pitch in the first inning) but it was his only hit in the Series. He was unanimously named the American League's Most Valuable Player in 1988 (making him the seventh player in league history to win the award unanimously) with a.307 batting average, 120 runs scored (second in the league), and 347 total bases (2nd), and leading the major leagues with 76 extra-base hits, 124 RBIs, 42 home runs, a.569 slugging percentage, and a 14.5 home run per"
},
{
"title": "Jose Canseco",
"text": " at-bat ratio. His 40 stolen bases were the fourth highest in the league. 27 of his 42 home runs of the season either tied the game or gave the Athletics the lead. He also won his first Silver Slugger Award. He was exclusively a right fielder during the year, playing in 144 games on defense, committing 7 errors in 322 chances and had 304 putouts for a.978 fielding percentage. He was third in the league in outfielder assists with 11. In 1989, Canseco missed the first 88 games of the regular season because of a broken wrist during the preseason. Despite not playing a single game in the first half of the year, he was voted as one of the starting outfielders for the American League All-Star team. Unable to play he was replaced in the lineup by Rangers outfielder Rubén Sierra. Canseco returned immediately after the All-Star break, hitting an opposite-field home run against the Toronto Blue Jays in his first game of the season. He hit 5 home runs in his first 35 at bats (10 games), but only 2 in the following 20 games. After finding his rhythm at the plate, Canseco finished the season strong, hitting.286 with 10 home runs, 33 hits and 33 RBIs in his last"
},
{
"title": "Jose Canseco",
"text": " 30 games of the year. He managed to hit 17 home runs with 57 RBIs in barely 65 games played for the entire season, a pace equal to 40+ home runs and 130+ RBIs had he played a full season. The Athletics won the AL West and their first World Series since 1974, beating the San Francisco Giants in four games. Canseco had a solid postseason, batting.323 and hitting 2 home runs including one in the ALCS against the Blue Jays that reached the upper deck of the SkyDome. Against the Giants, in the World Series, he hit for a.357 average with a home run in Game 3. The 1989 Series was interrupted before Game 3 by a major earthquake in the San Francisco Bay Area. As the reigning World Series Champs, the Oakland Athletics were favorites to repeat, and they were hopeful that Canseco would remain healthy throughout the 1990 season. In May he was named the American League's Player of the Month for the second time in his career, after hitting.353 in 27 games with 13 home runs and 35 runs batted in. Canseco started to have back problems, an issue that would become recurrent in his career. Despite missing over 20 games due to injury during the first part of the season, he"
},
{
"title": "Jose Canseco",
"text": " received a then-record 5-year, $23.5-million dollar contract, making him the highest paid player in Major League history. On May 22, Canseco hit his first regular-season grand slam of his career against the Toronto Blue Jays. By the All-Star break, he had played in only 64 games, hitting.293 with 22 home runs (6 behind the American League leader Cecil Fielder).Canseco was selected to start in the All-Star Game for the third consecutive year, this time with the most fan votes in the American League. On July 18 Jose's twin brother Ozzie Canseco made his major league debut. During a July 24 game against the California Angels, both Jose and Ozzie had line drive hits to left field off pitcher Jim Abbott and both were thrown out at second base by left fielder Max Venable, trying to extend a single in to a double. Although he hit 15 home runs in 69 games during the second half, Canseco wasn't as productive as the first part of the year. Canseco missed another 11 games of the season, and at times he was coming off the bench as a pinch hitter. From August 1 until the end of the regular season he hit.220"
},
{
"title": "Jose Canseco",
"text": " with 5 homers, 24 RBIs and 60 strikeouts in 47 games, while battling with a back injury. He finished 3rd in the league with 37 home runs, behind Fielder (51) and teammate Mark McGwire (39). In 131 games he had 101 runs batted in and 19 stolen bases. It was the fourth time in 5 years that he had 100+ RBIs. For the season he played in 43 games as the designated hitter and only 88 in right field, making only one error in 189 chances during the year. The Oakland A's won their division with a league-best 103 wins and were the favorites to win the World Series. Canseco had a discreet ALCS, hitting.182 (2-for-11) with 5 strikeouts, but the A's swept the Boston Red Sox 4 games to 0, and moved on to play in their third World Series in a row, this time against the Cincinnati Reds. Canseco struggled both at the plate and in the outfield, missing on two key plays in Game 2. In the same game, he had his only hit of the series, a 2-run home run against Danny Jackson. After going 0 for 4 in Game 3, and 1 for 11 in the series, Canseco was"
},
{
"title": "Jose Canseco",
"text": " benched in Game 4. Manager Tony LaRussa cited Canseco's sore back and injured middle finger as the reasons for taking him out of the lineup, but there was speculation that his own teammates requested LaRussa to bench Canseco due to his poor outfield performance and struggles at the plate. Down 2 runs to 1 and facing elimination in Game 4, Canseco entered as a pinch hitter in the bottom of the 9th, but he grounded out to third for the second out of the inning. One batter later, the Reds completed the sweep over a heavily favored Oakland team. At the end of the year, Canseco won his second Silver Slugger Award and finished 12th in the AL MVP ballot. Canseco continued to be productive the following year; by the All-Star break of the 1991 season he was leading the league with 21 home runs (tied with Cecil Fielder) and had 63 RBIs, but inexplicably did not receive All-Star Game considerations by either the fans or as a reserve player, as his own A's skipper Tony LaRussa, managing the AL for the 3rd straight year, did not select José as a substitute. Fans instead voted Athletics outfielder Dave Henderson, who had far lesser offensive numbers"
},
{
"title": "Jose Canseco",
"text": " than Canseco, and LaRussa selected Kirby Puckett, Joe Carter and Rubén Sierra as the reserve outfielders. Canseco not being selected by his own manager despite leading the league in home runs, led many to believe that the relationship between Canseco and LaRussa had started to deteriorate. His best month that season was July, hitting 10 home runs in 27 games (1 every 11.1 at-bats) with a.315 batting average. He finished the 1991 season batting.266 with 44 home runs, earning the second home run crown of his career (tied with Detroit's Cecil Fielder), 122 RBIs, 26 stolen bases, and a.556 slugging percentage. He led the AL with a home run every 13.0 at bats, while finishing 4th in the MVP ballot. He won his third Silver Slugger Award in four years. Towards the end of the season, there were mixed opinions from the Oakland fans in regards to Canseco; some would boo him but others showed support by cheering in games at the Oakland Coliseum. During a home game on September 20 and after rumors that he was on his way out from Oakland, he received a standing ovation by the fans. Canseco responded with"
},
{
"title": "Jose Canseco",
"text": " his 42nd home run of the season against the Toronto Blue Jays, tying his career-best. The Athletics, however, missed the playoffs for the first time in three years, finishing 4th in the AL West. The Athletics returned to contention in 1992, and despite missing 24 of the A's games in the first half, Canseco hit 18 home runs (in 249 at-bats) by the All-Star break, and he was voted to start his 4th All-Star Game in 5 years, though he was unable to play due to a sore right shoulder and was replaced with Joe Carter. During his tenure with the A's from 1986 to 1992, and despite missing roughly 120 games between 1989 and 1990 and about 20 more during the first half of the 1992 season, Canseco averaged 32 home runs a year and hit 100+ RBIs five times. He also averaged 40 home runs, 125 RBIs, and 22 stolen bases per every 162 games played; captured AL Rookie of the Year honors, two home run titles, an MVP award, three Silver Slugger Awards, three American League Pennants, and a World Series ring. He was selected to five All-Star Games in his first 7 full Major League seasons. In the six years between 1986"
},
{
"title": "Jose Canseco",
"text": " and 1991, he finished in the top four in the American League home run leaderboard 4 times. He hit 231 home runs from 1985 to 1992 for the A's, putting him 2nd all-time behind Reggie Jackson since the Athletics moved to Oakland in 1968. His 7 career postseason home runs are the all-time record for the franchise (1901–2021).</s><s>Baseball career.:Major League Baseball (1985–2001).:Texas Rangers (1992–1994). On August 31, 1992, in the bottom of the first inning of a game vs the Baltimore Orioles, and while Canseco was in the on-deck circle, the A's traded him to the Texas Rangers for Rubén Sierra, Jeff Russell, Bobby Witt, and cash. At the moment of the trade, Canseco was batting.243 with 22 home runs and 72 RBIs in 97 games, and the A's were leading the American League West Division by 6.5 games. The Oakland front office was looking to fortify their pitching down the stretch. A's general manager Sandy Alderson announced the trade while the Athletics were still playing the Orioles that night. The trade caught Canseco, the fans, the media, and people throughout Major League Baseball all by surprise,"
},
{
"title": "Jose Canseco",
"text": " as Canseco was considered at the time the best player in baseball, but was also the most scrutinized. From 1986 until the date of the trade no other player had hit more home runs (226) in the major leagues. In Texas, Canseco joined Latino stars Rafael Palmeiro, Juan González, and Iván Rodríguez. He had a good start with the Rangers, hitting.367 (11-for-30) with 3 home runs and 11 RBIs in his first 8 games, but had only 6 hits and one home run in his last 43 at-bats, averaging.140. Despite missing nearly 50 games to injuries and the trade to the Rangers, Canseco managed to hit 26 home runs (9th in the AL) and had 87 runs batted in, playing 115 games in 1992 for the Athletics and the Rangers. From 1986 until the end of 1992 Canseco's 230 home runs were the most by any major league player in that span. Canseco started the 1993 season relatively healthy, playing in all of the games of the first quarter of the season (45 games). Although hitting for a low average (.254) he had 17 RBIs in the first 17 games. On April 25 he became"
},
{
"title": "Jose Canseco",
"text": " the first player since Ted Williams in 1947 to reach 750 RBIs in less than 1,000 games played. On May 26, 1993, during a game against the Cleveland Indians, Carlos Martínez hit a fly ball that Canseco lost sight of as he was crossing the warning track. The ball hit him on the head and bounced over the wall for a home run. The cap Canseco was wearing on that play, which \"This Week in Baseball\" rated in 1998 as the greatest blooper of the show's first 21 years, is in the collection of ESPN journalist Keith Olbermann. Three days later, on May 29, Canseco asked his manager, Kevin Kennedy, to let him pitch the eighth inning of a runaway loss to the Boston Red Sox. In his inning-long pitching appearance, he injured his arm. He was out of the lineup from May 31 until June 10. He played in another 15 games after pitching against the Red Sox but he was shutdown on June 23 due to arm discomfort, requiring Tommy John surgery and missing the remainder of the season. He finished the 1993 season hitting.256 with 10 home runs and 46 RBIs in 60 games. In the 1994 strike-shortened season, Canseco again returned to his"
},
{
"title": "Jose Canseco",
"text": " former status as a power hitter. Throughout the season, he was amongst the American League leaders in home runs, while playing exclusively as a designated hitter. On April 20, he hit the 250th home run of his career, making him the 16th player with that total before age 30. From June 3 to the 13th, he batted.559 (19-for-34) with 8 home runs and 20 runs batted in. In the last game of that span he set career-highs for a single game with 5 hits, 8 RBIs, and 3 home runs (tying a career-high), including a grand slam against the Seattle Mariners. During Kenny Rogers perfect game on July 28, Canseco went 2-for-4 with 2 solo home runs in the 4–0 victory over the California Angels. He finished the season with 31 home runs (4th in the AL), 90 RBIs (7th). a.552 Slugging Percentage (7) and hitting a home run every 13.8 at-bats (5th) in 111 games. He also stole 15 bases, posted a.282 batting average and led the league with 20 GIDP (ground into double-play) and was second in the league with 114 strikeouts."
},
{
"title": "Jose Canseco",
"text": " Canseco was on pace to set career highs in home runs (45) and runs batted in (130) and runs scored (127) when the players strike started on August 12. He was named \"The Sporting News\" Comeback Player of the Year and finished in 11th place in the AL MVP voting. Playing for the Texas Rangers Canseco hit 45 home runs (averaging 37 per every 162 games played), 136 runs batted in, 23 stolen bases, 118 runs scored and 180 hits in 171 games played, for a.273/.360/.515 slash line and 197 strike outs.</s><s>Baseball career.:Major League Baseball (1985–2001).:Boston Red Sox (1995–1996). After playing with the Rangers for a little over two years, Canseco was traded on December 9 to the Boston Red Sox for Otis Nixon and Luis Ortiz, where he joined 1986 AL MVP Roger Clemens and eventual 1995 MVP Mo Vaughn. José once again battled injuries, missing 50 games during the first half of the year. However, from July 1 until the end of the season, he had a.387 batting average (122-for-315) with 21 home runs and 66 RBIs in 79 games. From August 27 to September 15 he had"
},
{
"title": "Jose Canseco",
"text": " the longest hitting streak of his career, hitting safely in 17 games (he had a hit in 24 of his last 28 games of the year). At the end of the regular season, José had 24 home runs with a.306 batting average, his highest since 1988. His last home run of the 1995 season against Jesse Orosco was the 300th of his career. The Red Sox captured the AL East Division title to advance to the ALDS, making it Canseco's first postseason in five years. The Red Sox were swept by the Cleveland Indians in the American League Division Series 3 games to 0. In Game 2, Canseco once again faced pitcher Orel Hershiser, going 0-for-3 with a strikeout. Dating back to the 1988 World Series, Canseco was 0-for-11 lifetime with 3 strikeouts against Hershiser in 3 postseason matchups. After playing the entire 1994 season and all but one game in the 1995 season as a designated hitter, Canseco was the starting right fielder during Game 3 of American League Division Series. 1995 was the last year of the five-year contract he signed with the Athletics in 1990. According to the Baseball-Reference website, Canseco had the highest yearly salary of his career"
},
{
"title": "Jose Canseco",
"text": ", making a total of $5.8 million for the 1995 season. Canseco had a great first half to the 1996 season, hitting 26 home runs by the All-Star break (3rd in the league at that point). Between May 18 and June 29, he had a.306 BA with 19 homeruns and 44 RBIs in only 39 games. He was sidelined on July 25 once again due to injury, missing nearly 50 games. He returned to the lineup on September 17 but hit only 2 home runs the rest of the season. He finished the year with a.289/.400/.589 slash line with 28 home runs, 82 runs batted in, and 22 doubles in 96 games. He played in the outfield in 12 games. After the 1996 season the Red Sox fired manager Kevin Kennedy and Canseco requested a trade out of Boston. Although productive when he was in the lineup, Canseco missed over 120 games during his 2-year tenure with Boston, playing in only 102 and 96 games in 1995 and 1996. He averaged 184 hits, 43 home runs, 134 RBIs, 108 runs, 39 doubles, and a.289 batting average and a slugging percentage of.571 per every 162 games played with the Red Sox.</s><s>Base"
},
{
"title": "Jose Canseco",
"text": "ball career.:Major League Baseball (1985–2001).:Return to Oakland (1997). In January 1997, he was traded to the Oakland Athletics for pitcher John Wasdin. The day after the news of his return to Oakland, the A's front office informed him that ticket sales for the day were the highest in over three years, mainly because of the Bash Brothers reunion. Regarding his health, Canseco had a promising first half of the season, playing in 83 games, with more than half of those as an outfielder. He had 18 home runs and 57 RBIs by the All-Star break, but he suffered a back injury yet again, keeping him on the disabled list and missing 15 games in July and August. He returned to action on August 20, but with the Athletics organization wanting to focus on developing young talent, and with the Bash Brothers reunion losing its appeal with the trade of Mark McGwire to the St. Louis Cardinals at the trade deadline, Canseco ended his season on August 26, missing the last 30 games of the season. In Canseco's eyes, he was shut down by the front office to prevent him from getting the minimum plate appearances that would trigger the renewal of his contract for the following year. He finished the season with a"
},
{
"title": "Jose Canseco",
"text": ".235 average, the lowest of his career, but with 23 home runs and 74 runs batted in in 388 at-bats. His home run against the Red Sox on August 8 gave him a career total of 254 in an Athletics uniform, placing him 4th all-time behind Reggie Jackson (269), Jimmie Foxx (302), and McGwire (363). After three seasons of playing exclusively as a DH, Canseco saw considerably more action in the outfield, playing 46 of his 108 games in left or right field.</s><s>Baseball career.:Major League Baseball (1985–2001).:Toronto Blue Jays (1998). In 1998 Canseco signed a $2.1 million contract on February 4 with the Toronto Blue Jays. He continued to have more action in the outfield, playing a total of 76 games in both left and right field and finishing the season with a.960 fielding average, committing 5 errors in 126 chances. At the plate Canseco had a productive season again, finishing the first half of the season with 24 home runs, 21 stolen bases, and 48 RBIs. For the first time in his career he was issued a jersey number other than 33, wearing number 44 for the first part of the season. (After Ed Sprague"
},
{
"title": "Jose Canseco",
"text": " was traded to Oakland, Canseco switched back to number 33). During the second half of the season, the Blue Jays instructed Canseco to reduce his attempts to steal bases, causing him to finish one steal shy of another 30–30 season. On July 19, he hit home runs number 25 and 26 against the Yankees and Andy Pettitte, including the sixth grand slam of his career. He finished the season having played 151 games, his highest in 6 years, with a career-high 46 home runs (third in the AL), 107 RBIs, 29 stolen bases, and 98 runs scored, but a.237 batting average. He also led the league with 159 strikeouts. He earned his fourth career Silver Slugger Award, his first as a designated hitter. The Blue Jays made a small effort to retain Canseco after the season, offering him a one-year contract worth just over a million dollars for the following season. Canseco declined the offer and became a free agent on October 22.</s><s>Baseball career.:Major League Baseball (1985–2001).:Final seasons (1999–2001). Despite hitting a career-high 46 home runs in 1998, Canseco drew minimal attention in the free agent market. In 1999, he signed a"
},
{
"title": "Jose Canseco",
"text": " one-year contract with the Tampa Bay Devil Rays worth $3.3 million with incentives. According to Canseco, the contract included a clause that if he were to be elected to the Hall of Fame he would be depicted as a member of the Devil Rays. That year he came out of the gate swinging, hitting a home run on Opening Day and reaching a total of 10 home runs by the end of April. On April 14 he hit home run number 400 of his career against Toronto's Kelvim Escobar. From May 16 to 21, he hit a home run in five consecutive games, the second-longest streak in Tampa Bay history. In his first 60 games played he hit 25 home runs, batting.306 with a.690 slugging percentage. On pace for 60+ homers for the season, he was voted to the All-Star team as the starting DH for the American League (Tampa Bay's first position player ever to be selected to the All-Star Game), making it his first selection in seven years. By the All-Star break Canseco was leading the American League with 31 home runs, while playing in 82 games during the first half of the season, and became the 14th player in MLB history to hit 30+ home"
},
{
"title": "Jose Canseco",
"text": " runs before the All-Star break. However, he injured his back days before the mid-summer classic and missed the game and was replaced by Rafael Palmeiro. He also missed the Home Run Derby at Boston's Fenway Park and the chance to compete against McGwire. He had back surgery and was expected to miss the rest of the season. With a remarkable recovery, he came back on August 20, less than a month and a half after his back operation. After his return, Canseco was hitting.315 with only 2 home runs, but had 18 RBIs and 23 hits in his first 20 games back. Although he only hit 3 more home runs in 115 at-bats after his injury, he had a.287 batting average with 26 RBIs and 33 hits in his last 31 games of the year. He finished the season with 34 home runs and 95 RBIs with a.276 batting average, and was ninth in the league with a.563 slugging percentage. Despite missing around 350 games since 1990, mostly due to injuries, by the end of 1999 Canseco had a total of 303 home runs in 1,145 games, which placed him eighth in the majors during the 1990s. In February 2000, before the start of spring"
},
{
"title": "Jose Canseco",
"text": " training for the following MLB season, Canseco played in the MLBPA-organized \"Big League Challenge\" home run derby in Las Vegas at Cashman Field. He competed against a field of 12 that included notable sluggers such as Mark McGwire, Barry Bonds, Sammy Sosa, and Mike Piazza. Canseco won the tournament, defeating Rafael Palmeiro in the final. The Devil Rays re-signed Canseco for the 2000 season on a $3-million contract. The Devil Rays traded for third baseman Vinny Castilla and signed Greg Vaughn as a free agent to complement Fred McGriff and Canseco in the lineup. However, injuries caused the Tampa Bay front office to disband the quartet after the trade deadline. The first half of the season was one of the most difficult in Canseco's career. Bothered by a foot injury, he missed 41 of the team's 85 games up to the All-Star break. Canseco ended his Tampa Bay tenure on August 7 when he was claimed off waivers by the New York Yankees. In one and a half seasons with the Devil Rays, Canseco had a slash line of.272/.373/.525 with 43 home runs, 33 doubles, 125 runs batted in,"
},
{
"title": "Jose Canseco",
"text": " and 176 hits on 174 games. At the time of the waivers claim, Canseco's 440 career home runs were the most ever for any player acquired by the Yankees. The move to the Yankees caught many, including Yankees manager Joe Torre, off guard, as the Yankees had other players at the time who fulfilled similar roles, such as Dave Justice and Glenallen Hill. Yankees General Manager Brian Cashman made the claim to prevent the Athletics, Red Sox, and Blue Jays, who were in a close race with the Yankees, from acquiring Canseco. On August 10, during his first game in the starting lineup with the Yankees, batting fourth as the DH, Canseco went 2-for-2 with a walk, a home run, 2 sacrifice flies, and 3 RBIs. He hit.243 with 6 home runs and 19 RBIs in 37 games for the Yankees, splitting duties as a DH, outfielder, and pinch hitter. For the entire season, he had 15 home runs and 49 RBIs in 329 at-bats. The Yankees won the AL East, but Canseco was not on the team's roster for the Division Series or the ALCS. He was, however, included in the final roster for the World Series against the"
},
{
"title": "Jose Canseco",
"text": " New York Mets. During the sixth inning of Game 4 of the World Series, manager Joe Torre noticed that no right-handed pitcher was warming up in the Mets bullpen, and with pitcher David Cone next to bat, Torre sent Canseco to the plate to face left-handed Glendon Rusch as a pinch hitter (his most recent World Series at-bat was also as a pinch hitter in Game 4 of the 1990 World Series, 10 years prior). The game was the first in which Canseco had played in 24 days, and he struck out. The Yankees won the series 4 games to 1 and Canseco earned his second World Series ring. Canseco later called his Yankees tenure \"the worst time of [his] life\" due to receiving limited playing time. His short stint with the Yankees marked the third time he was Roger Clemens' teammate, a fact later magnified by the media due to the steroid controversy, the Mitchell Report, and the infamous pool party at Canseco's house two years prior while both played with the Blue Jays. In November, the Yankees declined on Canseco's $5-million option and paid the $500,000 buyout and Canseco becoming a free agent. On January 16"
},
{
"title": "Jose Canseco",
"text": ", 2001, the Anaheim Angels signed Canseco to an incentive-laden deal heavily based on plate appearances. After only 39 spring training at-bats, in which he hit.231 and no home runs, the Angels cut Canseco. He lost the Anaheim DH spot to Glenallen Hill, with whom he shared at-bats for the Yankees the year prior. (Hill was released by the Angels in June, after hitting.136 with 1 home run in 16 games for the 2001 season, his last in the majors). Canseco spent half of the season with the Newark Bears of the independent Atlantic League, alongside his twin brother Ozzie Canseco, before joining the Chicago White Sox on June 21. In his first game back in the majors since the 2000 World Series, he went 1-for-5 with a double as the DH, hitting fifth in the lineup. He had 3 RBIs in his second game of the season. His first home run came on June 26 against the Minnesota Twins. During the season he had two 2-homer games, one on July 8 and another on August 1. He finished the season playing in 76 games, hitting 16 home runs and 49 RBIs in only 256 at-bats, a pace of 30"
},
{
"title": "Jose Canseco",
"text": "+ home runs and 100+ RBIs had he played the entire season. His last home run of the season was the 462nd for his career, and came against Mike Mussina of the New York Yankees, putting Canseco just 38 home runs away from reaching the 500-home run milestone, at the age of 37. In the spring of 2002, Canseco was signed to a minor league contract by the Montreal Expos, who were at the time owned by Major League Baseball and had Omar Minaya as general manager and Frank Robinson as manager. Despite making only 13 appearances in the outfield in the previous three years, he was expected to be the Expos' left fielder, and the designated hitter during inter-league play, in what would have been Canseco's first time playing for a National League club. He played 14 preseason games, batting.200 with 3 home runs (tied for the team lead) and 5 RBIs. However, he was again released prior to the regular season start, this time four days before Opening Day. The Expos invited Canseco to be part of their Triple-A team, but he declined the offer. With Opening Day scheduled for March 31, Canseco did not find a team looking for a"
},
{
"title": "Jose Canseco",
"text": " DH and signed a minor league contract with a White Sox affiliate, the Charlotte Knights, for whom he hit.172 with 5 home runs in 18 minor league games. Only 38 home runs shy of 500 for his career, Canseco officially announced his retirement from Major League Baseball on May 13, 2002. At 39 years old he made a brief comeback attempt in 2004, attending an open tryout with the Los Angeles Dodgers, but was not offered a spot with the team, nor with any of their minor league affiliates.</s><s>Baseball career.:Independent League career (2006–present). On June 29, 2006, the independent Golden Baseball League announced that Canseco had agreed to a one-year contract to play with the San Diego Surf Dawgs. The League said Canseco had agreed to be subjected to its drug-testing policy \"that immediately expels any players found using steroids or illegal drugs.\" After playing one game for the Surf Dawgs, Canseco was traded to the Long Beach Armada on July 5, 2006. He requested the trade due to \"family obligations.\" On July 31, 2006, Canseco won the Golden Baseball League's Home Run Derby. Canseco signed a short team deal with the Laredo Broncos of the United"
},
{
"title": "Jose Canseco",
"text": " Baseball League on August 14, 2010. He served as bench coach and designated hitter. On April 11, 2011, Canseco signed a deal as a player/manager for the Yuma Scorpions of the North American League. At the age of 46, he played 64 out of 88 games and batted.258 with 8 home runs and 46 RBIs. He was not the oldest player on the team: his twin brother Ozzie appeared in 12 games, mostly as a designated hitter, and 52-year-old Tony Phillips appeared in 24 games, mostly as a third baseman. Canseco joined the Quintana Roo Tigres of the Mexican League in 2012, but was reportedly banned for using testosterone. On April 20, 2012, the Worcester Tornadoes of the Canadian American Association of Professional Baseball announced that they had signed Canseco to a one-season contract for a salary of one thousand dollars a month. In the beginning of August 2012, Canseco left the Tornadoes due to concerns of not receiving his salary, a conflict which led him to sue the team. Canseco quickly signed with the Rio Grande Valley WhiteWings of the North American League. However, his debut was delayed due to a family emergency. In early 2013 Canseco"
},
{
"title": "Jose Canseco",
"text": " played in the Texas Winter League but was only 3-for-16 at the plate. He signed with the Fort Worth Cats of the United League to start the 2013 season. In 2015, 2016, and 2017, Canseco had short playing stints in the Pacific Association, mostly with the Pittsburg Diamonds. Although he has not played Major League Baseball since 2001, Canseco has played for numerous minor-league teams over the years, most recently in 2018, when he was 53 years of age, for the Normal CornBelters of the Independent Frontier League. In recent years, he has usually played just a few games per season, but in 2011, he played 64 out of 88 games for the Yuma Scorpions of the North American League. Canseco played 30 seasons of professional baseball over a span of 36 years between 1982 and 2018.</s><s>Baseball career.:Amateur Adult Baseball (2011 and 2016). In March 2011, Canseco played a few games with the Valley Rays in the Pacific Coast Baseball League in Los Angeles. In May 2016, Canseco made an appearance for the SoCal Glory in the 35+ MSBL Las Vegas Open – National Tournament.</s><s>Performance-enhancing drugs. In 2005, Canseco admitted"
},
{
"title": "Jose Canseco",
"text": " to using anabolic steroids with Jorge Delgado, Damaso Moreno, and Manuel Collado in a tell-all book, \"\". Canseco also claimed that up to 85% of major league players took steroids, a figure disputed by many in the game. In the book, Canseco specifically identified former teammates Mark McGwire, Rafael Palmeiro, Jason Giambi, Iván Rodríguez, and Juan González as fellow steroid users, and admitted that he injected them. Most of the players named in the book initially denied steroid use, though Giambi admitted to steroid use in testimony before a grand jury investigating the BALCO case and on January 11, 2010, McGwire admitted publicly to using steroids. At a Congressional hearing on the subject of steroids in sports, Palmeiro categorically denied using performance-enhancing drugs, while McGwire repeatedly refused to answer questions on his own suspected use, saying he \"didn't want to talk about the past\". Canseco's book became a \"New York Times\" bestseller. On August 1, 2005, Palmeiro was suspended for 10 days by Major League Baseball after testing positive for steroids. On December 13, 2007, José Canseco and Jorge Delgado were"
},
{
"title": "Jose Canseco",
"text": " cited in the Mitchell Report (\"The Report to the Commissioner of Baseball of an Independent Investigation into the Illegal Use of Steroids and Other Performance Enhancing Substances by Players in Major League Baseball)\". On December 20, 2007, Canseco was also named in Jason Grimsley's unsealed affidavit as a user of steroids. Canseco and Grimsley were teammates on the 2000 New York Yankees. On December 30, 2007, it was announced that Canseco had reached a deal for his sequel to \"\". The sequel is titled \"Vindicated\", which hit bookstores by Opening Day 2008. This book has information on Alex Rodriguez and Albert Belle, as suggested by Canseco. Canseco said the book was a \"clarification\" of names that should have been mentioned in the Mitchell Report. In 2010 Canseco spoke out against PEDs advocating baseball's youth to not try them and criticized their effectiveness overall: \"These kids don't need steroids to become players... we overemphasize the steroids and not the athletic ability and skills of these people. We're taking away the hard work the athlete puts in and saying he became great just because of steroids. Let me give you a perfect example. I have an identical twin brother,"
},
{
"title": "Jose Canseco",
"text": " Ozzie. He is the closest thing to me genetically. And in my prime I was a super athlete.\" \"My twin brother used the same chemicals, same workouts, the same nutrition. Why didn't he make it in the big leagues? That is the perfect example that we are giving steroids way too much credit. If steroids are that great it would have made him a superstar.\" In a 2012 Sportsnet Interview article, Canseco said one of his only seasons without performance-enhancing drugs was in 1998 with the Toronto Blue Jays because he was in the process of a divorce and \"didn't want to use steroids while handling breakup-induced depression\".</s><s>Outside baseball. While still a player, he was a guest star on \"The Simpsons\" and \"Nash Bridges\". Since his retirement, Canseco has appeared on \"Late Show with David Letterman\", \"60 Minutes\", \"The Big Idea with Donny Deutsch\", \"Boomer and Carton\", \"Howard Stern\", \"Jimmy Kimmel Live!\", \"CMI: The Chris Myers Interview\", and \"\". In 2003, he was featured in the reality-TV special \"Stripper's Ball: Jenna Jameson\" with Dennis Rodman and Magic Johnson. He was a cast member"
},
{
"title": "Jose Canseco",
"text": " in Season 5 of \"The Surreal Life\" with Janice Dickinson, Pepa of Salt-N-Pepa, Bronson Pinchot, Omarosa Manigault-Stallworth, Caprice Bourret, and Carey Hart. Canseco has a film cameo playing himself in the 2017 basketball drama \"Slamma Jamma\" as a judge in a slam dunk competition. In 2007, he received 6 Hall of Fame votes. This accounted for 1.1% of the ballots, failing to reach the 5% threshold necessary to stay on the ballot for another year. However, he can be elected to the Hall of Fame by the Committee of Baseball Veterans. In May 2008, Philadelphia sportscaster and former NFL football player Vai Sikahema accepted a challenge from Canseco to fight him for $30,000. Canseco claims to have earned black belts in kung fu and taekwondo, while Sikahema fought in the Golden Gloves tournament won by Sugar Ray Leonard. The fight took place on July 12 in Atlantic City at the Bernie Robbins stadium. The Sikahema knocked out the Canseco in the first round. On January 24, 2009, Canseco fought radio personality and former child"
},
{
"title": "Jose Canseco",
"text": " actor Danny Bonaduce in Aston Township, Pennsylvania; the three-round match ended in a majority draw. Canseco claims to hold black belts in karate and taekwondo, and to practice Muay Thai, as well as describing himself as \"an expert with nunchakus\". He made his mixed martial arts debut at Dream 9 on May 26, 2009, where he fought kickboxer Hong-man Choi as part of Dream's Super Hulk Tournament. Canseco would lose the fight after slipping, and tapping out to Choi's ground and pound. On November 6, 2009, Canseco defeated Todd Poulton in a Celebrity Boxing Federation bout in Springfield, Massachusetts. As of December 2010, he had launched a Twitter campaign in hopes of getting invited to spring training by Mets GM Sandy Alderson. Beginning March 6, 2011, Canseco was a contestant on \"The Celebrity Apprentice\". He quit the show on the April 3, 2011, citing his father's ailing health. Canseco later announced on Twitter that his father died shortly after he left the show. Canseco did earn $25,000 for his charity, the Baseball Assistance Team. In 2012, Canseco accepted a home run derby challenge by Canadian Twitter user"
},
{
"title": "Jose Canseco",
"text": " Evan Malamud, father of an autistic child, as part of a fundraiser for an initiative called Home Runs For Autism. Canseco still remains active with the charity as their spokesperson. He is also a columnist for \"Vice\" magazine. Lane Patorti and Edward Stoney Landon finished a reality show concept based on former professional athletes being placed into smalltown sports leagues. TMZ reported Canseco was in talks to star in the show, \"A League of His Own\". In May 2013, Canseco provided the foreword to the novel \"Air Force Gator 2: Scales of Justice\" by Dan Ryckert. In it, he claims the book about the alcoholic alligator pilot is a \"weakly veiled\" metaphor for his own life. On October 28, 2014, Canseco accidentally shot himself on his left hand injuring one of his fingers while attempting to clean his gun at home in Las Vegas. After having surgery performed he was able to recover the full use of the hand. Canseco was also portrayed by Andy Samberg in The Unauthorized Bash Brothers Experience alongside Mark McGwire (portrayed by Akiva Schaffer). The visual poem describes the two baseball players' careers and rampant steroid use in the 1980s. On"
},
{
"title": "Jose Canseco",
"text": " October 26, 2019, Canseco opened up his own car wash in Las Vegas, Nevada, where he signs autographs every Wednesday. On February 5, 2021, Canseco fought Billy Football from Barstool Sports in a boxing match, and was knocked out in the first round.</s><s>Legal issues and controversies. On February 10, 1989, Canseco was arrested in Florida for reckless driving after allegedly leading an officer on a 15-mile chase. He was found guilty and fined $500. On April 11, 1989, Canseco was arrested in California for carrying a loaded semi-automatic pistol in his car. He was released on $2,500 bail and pleaded no contest. On February 13, 1992, Canseco was charged with aggravated battery for ramming his Porsche into a BMW driven by his then-wife Esther Canseco after a verbal altercation. On March 19, 1992, Canseco pleaded not guilty to charges of aggravated assault and later underwent counseling and fulfilled a community-service requirement. In November 1997, Canseco was arrested for beating his then-wife Jessica Canseco. In January 1998, he pleaded no contest and was sentenced to one year of probation and required to attend counseling. In October 2001, Canse"
},
{
"title": "Jose Canseco",
"text": "co and his brother, Ozzie, got into a fight with two men at a Miami Beach nightclub that left one man with a broken nose and another needing 20 stitches in his lip; both were charged with two counts of aggravated battery. The brothers both pleaded guilty and received both probation and community service. Following his retirement in May 2002, Canseco speculated about having been \"blackballed\" from Major League Baseball; it was then he announced he was writing a tell-all book about his baseball career and the increasing usage of anabolic steroids in baseball. In March 2003, Canseco missed a court appearance while in California working out a custody dispute over his 6-year-old. The judge revoked his probation and sentenced him to two years under house arrest followed by three years' probation. In June 2003, Canseco was arrested at his home for probation violation after he tested positive for steroids. Canseco spent a month in jail without bail. In May 2008, Canseco revealed that he had lost his house in Encino, California to foreclosure saying his two divorces had cost him $7 to $8 million each. On October 10, 2008, Canseco was detained by immigration officials at a San Diego border crossing as he tried to bring"
},
{
"title": "Jose Canseco",
"text": " a fertility drug from Mexico. He stated the drug was to help with his hormone replacement therapy, needed due to his use of steroids. On November 4, 2008, Canseco pleaded guilty in Federal court and was sentenced to 12 months' unsupervised probation by U.S. Magistrate Judge Ruben B. Brooks. The 2008 A&E Network documentary \"Jose Canseco: Last Shot\" chronicles Canseco's attempts to end his steroid use. In it he also regrets ever writing his tell-all books and naming former teammates as steroid users, as he was never given the opportunity to participate in MLB-affiliated baseball events. Since, he has tried unsuccessfully to reach out to former Bash Brother Mark McGwire and other ex-teammates. In 2014, he returned to the Oakland Coliseum to take part in the reunion celebrating the 25th anniversary of the 1989 World Series championship team; this marked the first time Canseco took part in an official Major League Baseball event in almost 13 years. Mark McGwire, at the time coach for the Los Angeles Dodgers, did not attend the event. On May 22, 2013, Canseco was named as a suspect in a rape allegation in Las Vegas. He broke the news himself on Twitter, denying"
},
{
"title": "Jose Canseco",
"text": " the allegations and posting pictures and defamatory information about his accuser. On June 7, 2013, Canseco was cleared of any wrongdoing following an investigation. He was never charged.</s><s>See also. - List of Cuban Americans - List of Major League Baseball career home run leaders - List of Major League Baseball career stolen bases leaders - List of Major League Baseball players from Cuba - List of Cubans - List of Major League Baseball individual streaks - List of doping cases in sport - List of Major League Baseball players named in the Mitchell Report</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Jose Canseco",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "North America"
}
|
factscore-000322
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Carrie Ann Inaba.
|
[
{
"title": "Carrie Ann Inaba",
"text": "<s>Carrie Ann Inaba Carrie Ann Inaba (born January 5, 1968) is an American television personality, dancer, choreographer, actress, and singer. She is best known for her work on ABC TV's \"Dancing with the Stars\" for which she has served as a judge since 2005. She co-hosted and moderated the CBS Daytime talk show, \"The Talk\" from 2019 to 2021. She started her career as a singer in Japan, but became best known for her dancing, introducing herself to American audiences as one of the original Fly Girls on the Fox sketch comedy series \"In Living Color\" from 1990 to 1992.</s><s>Early life. Inaba was born and raised in Honolulu, Hawaii, graduating from Punahou School in 1986. She is of Irish, Japanese, and Chinese descent. Her first dance instruction was at three years old in a \"creative movement\" class, where children danced on their own with scarves. As a child, she would dance in her backyard that overlooked the Pacific Ocean. She attended Sophia University and University of California, Irvine before graduating from the University of California, Los Angeles with a B.A. degree in world arts and cultures.</s><s>Career.</s><s>Career.:S"
},
{
"title": "Carrie Ann Inaba",
"text": "inging. In 1986, an 18-year-old Inaba won a talent show in Hawaii. She was then groomed to be a pop star in Japan and given songs to read phonetically in Japanese from a lyric sheet. Even though her first single made the Top 50, she \"realized it has nothing to do with how artistic you are. Your face becomes a logo they sell.\" Inaba lived in Tokyo from 1986 to 1988 and was a popular singer. She released three singles, \"Party Girl\" (backed with \"China Blue\"), \"Be Your Girl\" (backed with \"6½ Capezio\"), and \"Yume no Senaka\" (backed with \"Searching\") and hosted weekly radio and television series.</s><s>Career.:Dancing. After returning to America, Inaba appeared as one of the \"Fly Girls\"—a group of dancers on the television series \"In Living Color\"—from 1990 to 1992. She also performed with Canadian singer Norman Iceberg and dancers Viktor Manoel (David Bowie's \"Glass Spider\" tour) and Luca Tommassini at Prince's notorious Glam Slam. Inaba appeared as a featured solo dancer during Madonna's 1993 Girlie Show World Tour, on the condition she shave her hair."
},
{
"title": "Carrie Ann Inaba",
"text": " After hesitating, she decided it was worth it. Her favorite dance is rumba since, according to \"American Fitness\", she feels it is \"very strong and demanding.\"</s><s>Career.:Film and television appearances. Inaba appeared as one of the background dancers in the film adaptation of \"Monster Mash\" in 1995. She appeared in the film \"Austin Powers in Goldmember\" (2002) as Fook Yu, alongside Diane Mizota, who played her twin sister Fook Mi. The two women are not related, but when Mizota had been cast for her role, she was asked if she knew any actresses who resembled her and suggested Inaba. Inaba, who had appeared briefly in \"\", was given the role and the two women were made up to appear as identical twins. Inaba and Mizota reprised their roles with Mike Myers in a commercial for Motorola in 2005. In later years, Inaba would later regret playing Fook Yu because of the negative stereotypes portrayed. Inaba has acted (usually as a dancer) in the movies \"Monster Mash: The Movie\", \"Lord of Illusions\", \"Showgirls\", \"Boys and Girls\", \"Flintstones II\", \"Freak\" and \"American Virgin\" and the television"
},
{
"title": "Carrie Ann Inaba",
"text": " series \"Jack & Jill\" and \"Nikki\". Inaba has appeared on \"The View\", the ABC talent competition \"\", and the FOX special \"\". Inaba guest starred as Tina, Hannah's choreographer, in the \"Hannah Montana\" episode, \"Papa's Got a Brand New Friend\". TV Guide Network announced that it had signed Inaba to anchor its live red carpet coverage, beginning with the 2009 Primetime Emmy Awards. In October 2010, Inaba was named host of the revival of the game show \"1 vs. 100\" on GSN. After the first season, Inaba announced she would not return to host the show. Inaba has appeared as one of three, later four judges on the \"Dancing with the Stars\". Inaba had been a recurring guest co-host for the CBS Daytime talk show, \"The Talk\", for the last two seasons. She officially replaced original host Julie Chen as the fifth co-host and moderator permanently, officially debuting on January 2, 2019. On April 26, 2021, Inaba announced she would take a leave of absence from the show. On August 20, 2021, it was confirmed that Inaba would not be returning to the show for the upcoming season.</s><s>Career"
},
{
"title": "Carrie Ann Inaba",
"text": ".:Choreography. Inaba's choreography has appeared in several television series, including \"American Idol\", \"American Juniors\", \"All American Girl\", \"He's a Lady\", \"In Search of the Partridge Family\" (in which she also appeared on air), \"Married by America\", \"The Sexiest Bachelor in America Pageant\", \"The Swan\", and \"Who Wants to Marry a Multi-Millionaire?\". She also choreographed the Miss America Pageant for five years. She appeared in the first season of \"So You Think You Can Dance\" during the audition stages where she provided choreography for the \"choreography round\". Inaba served as an honorary judge at the 2009 USA Dance National Dance Sport Championships.</s><s>Career.:Film production. Inaba is the founder and President of EnterMediArts, Inc., a video production company. She directs, writes, and edits films. Her work includes \"E! Behind The Scenes Miss America Special\", \"7th Festival of the Pacific Arts\", \"A Portrait of IVI\" and \"Beyond the Dancing Image\", along with the short feature film, \"Black Water\".</s><s>Career.:Theater. She was a producer for the Broadway show \""
},
{
"title": "Carrie Ann Inaba",
"text": "Burn the Floor\" at New York's Longacre Theatre. In 2008, Inaba was awarded the Visionary Award by East West Players, the oldest Asian Pacific American theatre company in the United States, for helping to raise \"the visibility of the Asian American community through theater, film and television.\"</s><s>Personal life. In 2006, she dated Russian dancer Artem Chigvintsev. They met on the set of \"So You Think You Can Dance\". On the March 31, 2011, episode of \"Live with Regis and Kelly\", Regis Philbin was \"answering\" a letter asking for advice on how to propose. The lights dimmed just before Inaba's boyfriend, Jesse Sloan, appeared on stage. With violinists playing in the background, Sloan, bent on one knee, asked for Inaba's hand, to which she responded \"Yes! I will marry you!\" Inaba and Jesse met on online dating site eHarmony in 2009. In an interview with \"Us Weekly\" in 2011, Inaba stated that she and Sloan would marry in the summer of that year. In September 2012, a representative for \"Dancing with the Stars\" announced that Inaba and Sloan had amicably ended their engagement. In December 2016"
},
{
"title": "Carrie Ann Inaba",
"text": ", Inaba announced that she and actor Robb Derringer had become engaged after a few months of dating. Derringer proposed on a romantic, secluded beach on the California coastline, which was the site of their first date. In September 2017, they called off the engagement. Inaba has expressed a great love and respect for animals, supporting organizations such as the Humane Society of the United States and PETA, and launching the Carrie Ann Animal Foundation in 2012. In 2012, Inaba started a new YouTube series about shelter cats, motivated by her love of the creatures. She has had as many as seven rescue animals as pets at the same time.</s><s>Personal life.:Health. In a 2011 interview with \"Prevention\", Inaba stated she has a vision of 20/750 which is corrected with eyeglasses and contact lenses. She won't have LASIK eye surgery, however, as her vision impairment gives her, in her words, a \"soft-focus morning\" until she's ready to \"deal with the world.\" She also said that she suffers from spinal stenosis, which she thinks began with a neck injury during gymnastics when she was eight years old. She also has Sjögren syndrome, a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease that destroys"
},
{
"title": "Carrie Ann Inaba",
"text": " moisture-producing glands. As the Sjögren Syndrome Foundation's National Awareness Ambassador and Spokesperson, she has expressed her commitment to increasing awareness of SS and promoting funding for research, treatment, and a cure. On September 17, 2019, Inaba stated that she had been recently diagnosed with Lupus. She also suffers from chronic fatigue syndrome, chronic pain, and fibromyalgia. On December 10, 2020, it was reported that she tested positive for COVID-19, but later recovered.</s><s>Personal life.:Philanthropy. Inaba has worked with the Entertainment Industry Foundation's campaign, an American volunteer advocacy group, and Drea's Dream, a dance therapy initiative for children who have cancer. She's also a founding member of Nigel Lythgoe's dance education organization, the Dizzy Feet Foundation. After her mother's battle with cancer in 2008, both women began to participate in the EIF Revlon Run/Walk for Women.</s><s>Reception. \"Prevention\" magazine called her judging style \"warm, cheerful, and empathetic.\"</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Carrie Ann Inaba",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "North America"
}
|
factscore-000323
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Maurice Jones-Drew.
|
[
{
"title": "Maurice Jones-Drew",
"text": "<s>Maurice Jones-Drew Maurice Christopher Jones-Drew (born March 23, 1985), often called \"MJD\", is an American former football running back who played in the National Football League (NFL) for nine seasons. He played college football for the UCLA Bruins and earned unanimous All-American honors. Jones-Drew was selected by the Jacksonville Jaguars in the second round of the 2006 NFL Draft, 60th overall, was named to the Pro Bowl three times, and led the NFL in rushing yards in 2011. He played his first eight seasons with the Jaguars, through 2013. In his final season in 2014, he played for the Oakland Raiders. Following his retirement, Jones-Drew entered broadcasting, serving as a football color analyst for \"NFL Now\" and other shows on NFL Network, in addition to hosting for CBS Sports their Monday Night studio show for their UK networks. He is currently the color analyst for the Los Angeles Rams.</s><s>Early years. Born in Oakland, California, Jones-Drew was raised in Antioch and graduated from De La Salle High School in Concord. De La Salle owns the longest winning streak in high school football history at 151 games. The Spartan football teams that Jones-Drew played on never lost a single"
},
{
"title": "Maurice Jones-Drew",
"text": " game during his three-year varsity career. He was an elusive, high-scoring running back and return specialist on offense and a punishing linebacker on defense. He also played four official college games as a cornerback. Jones-Drew somersaulted into the national consciousness as a high school junior in 2001 when he scored all four of De La Salle's touchdowns in a 29-15 nationally televised victory over Long Beach Poly on October 6. It was the first game that ever matched up the nation's No. 1 and No. 2 ranked high school football teams. On the Spartans' opening drive, Jones-Drew received a short pass in the right flat on third-and-eight from the Poly 25-yard line. He broke a tackle and then sprinted down the right sideline before launching a spectacular forward somersault into the end zone. Drew next scored on a 29-yard reception on fourth down in which he ran a circle route out of the backfield down the left sideline and hauled in an over-the-shoulder touch pass at the goal line from quarterback Matt Gutierrez. Drew’s third touchdown came in the second quarter when he burst through the line, shook off two tacklers, before hitting paydirt 17 yards later. Drew�"
},
{
"title": "Maurice Jones-Drew",
"text": "�s final score salted away the historic De La Salle victory. It was a similar effort to his third touchdown and came on a 22-yard run with just under seven minutes remaining. Drew finished with nine carries for 86 yards and three catches for another 79 yards. During his junior season, Jones-Drew rushed for nearly 2,000 yards, averaged nearly 12 yards per carry, and scored 26 touchdowns. He was rated as a four-star recruit and ranked as the No. 1 all-purpose back in the nation in 2003 by Rivals.com. He is pictured outrunning a slew of defenders on the cover of the book \"When the Game Stands Tall\", which chronicles the De La Salle Spartans' all-time-record 151-game winning streak. Jones-Drew also ran track for the De La Salle track team and was a member of the Spartans' 4 x 100 metres relay state championship meet team of 2002, which posted a non-finals-qualifying time of 42.20 seconds during the meet's preliminaries. At the age of 16, he posted a personal best time of 10.80 seconds in the 100 meters. He also ran for the Bruins' track team at UCLA.</s><s>College career. Jones"
},
{
"title": "Maurice Jones-Drew",
"text": "-Drew accepted a football scholarship to University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), where he played for the Bruins under head coach Karl Dorrell from 2003 to 2005. Despite being undersized, Jones-Drew led the Bruins in rushing all three years he was on the squad and showed good pass catching ability and big playmaking skills as both a punt and kickoff returner. He was the fifth player in Bruins history to lead the team in rushing in three seasons. In 2005, Jones-Drew set an all-time NCAA single-season record with a 28.5 yards per return average on 15 punt returns, breaking the previous record of 25.9 yards per return held by Bill Blackstock of Tennessee in 1951. His career average of 23.2 yards per punt return ranks second in NCAA history. Jones-Drew also established a number of UCLA records, including the career all-purpose yardage record (4,688 yards). As a sophomore against Washington, Jones-Drew set UCLA's all-time record for yards rushing in a single game (322 yards) and also scored a school-record five touchdowns. On his first carry of the game, he burst to the outside and raced 47 yards to tie the game at 7–7. On"
},
{
"title": "Maurice Jones-Drew",
"text": " his second carry, with UCLA trailing 24-7 and 2:30 remaining in the first quarter, he raced 62 yards for another touchdown. On his fourth carry, a third-and-12 with 40 seconds left in the first quarter, he sped 58 yards for his third touchdown. In the first quarter alone, he rushed for 169 yards and three touchdowns on four attempts. He gave the Bruins the lead for good (27–24) with 4:16 remaining in the first half when he scooted around right end for a 15-yard touchdown. In the third quarter, he broke numerous tackles en route to his school-record fifth touchdown, a 37-yard run on the Bruins' first possession of the half. His total of 322 yards rushing was the 3rd most in the history of the Pac-10 Conference, and his overall performance earned him several National Player of the Week awards. His final year in college, his junior year, he was a first-team All-Pac-10 selection as a punt returner, and was recognized as a unanimous All-American as an all-purpose back and kick returner. He was also the first Bruin since Jackie Robinson to lead the country in punt returning. Additionally, Jones-Drew was named second"
},
{
"title": "Maurice Jones-Drew",
"text": "-team All-Pac 10 as a running back. Jones-Drew gave a sign of things to come when, as a freshman, he rushed for 176 yards on only 18 carries against Arizona State, including an 83-yard scamper down the left sideline to the end zone which put UCLA ahead in the game for good in the third quarter. The run was the longest ever by a Bruin true freshman and ranked ninth (tied) overall on the school's list of long runs. His 176-yard day ranks No. 2 on UCLA's all-time list for true freshmen. Jones-Drew led the Bruins in rushing that season, becoming the first true freshman to lead the Bruins in rushing since DeShaun Foster in 1998. He was also named first-team All-Pac 10 as a kick returner by \"The Sporting News\". In his collegiate career, Jones-Drew had 16 touchdowns of 40-plus yards.</s><s>Professional career.</s><s>Professional career.:2006 NFL Draft. Jones-Drew, age 21, was selected in the second round of the 2006 NFL Draft by the Jacksonville Jaguars, 60th overall, to eventually replace veteran running back Fred Taylor. He was passed on by all 32 teams in the draft, most citing his"
},
{
"title": "Maurice Jones-Drew",
"text": " height (5 ft 6¾ in, 169.5 cm) as the reason why he would not succeed in the NFL. He stated this was the reason he choose to wear 32 as his jersey number in the NFL.</s><s>Professional career.:Jacksonville Jaguars.</s><s>Professional career.:Jacksonville Jaguars.:2006 season. In the beginning, he was used mostly for kick-off returns, but he eventually became the Jaguars' primary third-down running back, behind Taylor. Against the Colts on December 10, Jones-Drew set a franchise record with 166 rushing yards and 303 all-purpose yards, which included a 93-yard kickoff return for touchdown. He was named AFC Special Teams Player of the Week for Week 14. He had already broken Jaguars team records by scoring at least one rushing touchdown in eight consecutive games (the previous record was four straight games) and by gaining 2,250 all-purpose yards. Jones-Drew finished third in the NFL in both kickoff returns (27.7 yd avg) and touchdowns scored (16). He was also one of only two players in the NFL to score at least one touchdown rushing, receiving, and returning kicks (Reggie Bush was the other). Jones-Drew also led all AFC running"
},
{
"title": "Maurice Jones-Drew",
"text": " backs in scrimmage yards per touch. Narrowly missing 1,000 yards for the season, his rushing average of 5.7 yds per carry was first in the NFL for backs with 100 attempts and was the highest for an NFL running back since Barry Sanders averaged 6.1 yards per rush in 1997. In addition, he had the third-most all-purpose yards of any rookie in history. He finished tied for second in the balloting for Offensive Rookie of the Year, awarded to quarterback Vince Young of the Tennessee Titans.</s><s>Professional career.:Jacksonville Jaguars.:2007 season. In his second season in the NFL, Jones-Drew had already proven to be one of the most versatile running backs in the league. In his 2007 season debut, Jones-Drew's production was just average. During a 10-7 win against the Tennessee Titans, Jones-Drew had 32 yards on seven carries in a game that produced just 48 rushing yards between Jones-Drew and Fred Taylor combined. Jones-Drew's fumble at the 8-yard line in the 4th quarter was the last scoring opportunity for the Jaguars in that game. Promises that the running game would get better as the season progressed were realized when Jones-Drew celebrated his first touchdown"
},
{
"title": "Maurice Jones-Drew",
"text": " of the year after the fourth game of the season, in a 17-7 win against the Kansas City Chiefs. The following week against the Houston Texans, Jones-Drew rushed for 125 yards and two touchdowns on 12 carries to go along with four receptions for 59 yards. In Week 10, he rushed for 101 yards and a touchdown against the Tennessee Titans. He would score a touchdown in each of the following three weeks. In Week 16 against the Oakland Raiders, he had 140 scrimmage yards and a rushing touchdown in the 49–11 victory. He finished the season with 167 carries for 768 rushing yards and nine rushing touchdowns to go along with 40 receptions for 407 receiving yards. Although his role as a running back was diminished during the 2007 postseason, he still managed to impact the game with his capabilities as a receiver and a return man. In the against Pittsburgh he totaled 198 all-purpose yards and two touchdowns. His first touchdown was a 43-yard pass from David Garrard, his second was a 10-yard run which put the Jaguars up 28-10 in the third quarter. He returned a kick-off 96 yards to set up the Jaguars' first score of the night, a Fred Taylor one-yard run. The Jaguars defeated the Steelers 31–29. A week"
},
{
"title": "Maurice Jones-Drew",
"text": " later against New England, he had 68 scrimmage yards in the 31–20 loss in the.</s><s>Professional career.:Jacksonville Jaguars.:2008 season. Three Jaguars offensive linemen were injured in the 2008 season and Jones-Drew was not as explosive as he was in 2007. His first 100-yard rushing game of the season came against the Indianapolis, where the Jaguars won by a score of 23-21 on a last second field goal by kicker Josh Scobee in Week 3. In Week 6 against the Denver Broncos, he totaled 22 carries for 125 rushing yards and two rushing touchdowns in the 24–17 victory. In Week 10 against the struggling Detroit Lions, where Jones-Drew posted three touchdowns, all in the first half. In Week 12, against the Minnesota Vikings, he had nine receptions for 113 receiving yards. In Week 16, Jones-Drew was given the opportunity to carry the load with Fred Taylor on injured reserve. He totaled 162 scrimmage yards in a 31–24 loss to the Colts. In the 2008 season, Jones-Drew gained 824 yards on 197 attempts, posting a 4.2 yard per carry average. He gained 12 touchdowns on the ground. Jones-Drew was used more in the passing game than his previous seasons and"
},
{
"title": "Maurice Jones-Drew",
"text": " he managed 525 yards on 62 receptions.</s><s>Professional career.:Jacksonville Jaguars.:2009 season. Following the departure of Taylor, Jones-Drew became the unquestioned starting running back. Jones-Drew had a record-breaking season in 2009 for the Jaguars. In Week 3 against the Houston Texans, he had 23 carries for 119 rushing yards and three rushing touchdowns in the 31–24 victory. He earned AFC Offensive Player of the Week for Week 3. In Week 6, against the St. Louis Rams, he had 178 scrimmage yards and three rushing touchdowns in the 23–20 victory. In a 13-30 loss to the Tennessee Titans during Week 8, Jones-Drew rushed for 177 yards and two touchdowns on only eight carries, one for 80 yards and another for 79 yards. This performance tied Hall of Famer Barry Sanders' record of rushing for two touchdowns in a single game of 75 yards or more, which was set by Sanders in a Week 7 game against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in 1997. Jones-Drew became the third player to share the record, as San Francisco 49ers running back Frank Gore, also tied Sanders' record in a Week 2 game against the Seattle Seahawks during the same season. In Week 15, he had 140 scrimmage yards"
},
{
"title": "Maurice Jones-Drew",
"text": ", one rushing touchdown, and one receiving touchdown in the 35–31 loss to the Indianapolis Colts. Overall, Jones-Drew rushed for 1,391 yards on 312 attempts, a 4.5 yards per carry average, and 15 touchdowns. He was also one of the big components in the Jaguars passing attack, as he had 53 receptions for 374 yards and a touchdown. In an article by Thomas George, Jones-Drew had been recognized as the most versatile offensive player in the NFL. Jones-Drew was selected to the Pro Bowl.</s><s>Professional career.:Jacksonville Jaguars.:2010 season. In Week 4 of the 2010 season, Jones-Drew had 121 scrimmage yards, one rushing touchdown, and one receiving touchdown in a 31–28 victory over the Indianapolis Colts. In Week 8 against the Dallas Cowboys, he had 27 carries for 135 rushing yards in the 35–17 victory. In the following game against the Houston Texans, he had 123 scrimmage yards and two rushing touchdowns in the 31–24 victory. In the next game, against the Cleveland Browns, he had 220 scrimmage yards and a rushing touchdown in the 24–20 victory. In Week 13 against the Tennessee Titans, he had 31 carries for 186 rushing yards in the 17–6 victory. Jones"
},
{
"title": "Maurice Jones-Drew",
"text": "-Drew played the entire 2010 season with a torn meniscus in his left knee. He became aware of the extent of the injury in training camp, but tried to keep it a secret to prevent opponents from intentionally taking shots at his knee. He only missed two games during the season. He was named to his second Pro Bowl. After the 2010 season, he was named Running Back of the Year by the NFL Alumni Association. Although the Jaguars did not make the playoffs, Jones-Drew drew attention in the postseason with comments he made questioning the severity of an in-game injury to Jay Cutler in the. Jones-Drew stated that he was also rooting for the Bears, but his injury prompted him to say: \"All I'm saying is that he can finish the game on a hurt knee... I played the whole season on one\", as well as comparing Cutler to former University of Florida head coach Urban Meyer. He was ranked 30th by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2011.</s><s>Professional career.:Jacksonville Jaguars.:2011 season. In Week 3, against the Carolina Panthers, Jones-Drew had 167 scrimmage yards in the 16–10 loss. In Week 14 against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Jones-Drew had 85"
},
{
"title": "Maurice Jones-Drew",
"text": " rushing yards, two rushing touchdowns, six receptions, 51 receiving yards, and two receiving touchdowns in the 41–14 victory. He scored 24 total points in the game, which was the most by any player in a single game in the 2011 season. In Week 17, against the Indianapolis Colts, he had 25 carries for 169 rushing yards in the 19–13 victory. He led the NFL in rushing yards during the 2011 season, and broke the Jaguars franchise records for both rushing yards in a season (1,606) and yards from scrimmage (1,980). Jones-Drew did all of this despite the Jaguars' offensive struggles, accounting for 47.7% of the Jaguars yards. Jones-Drew was named to the 2012 NFL Pro Bowl as a back-up for Baltimore Ravens running back Ray Rice as a result of his spectacular season. He earned first team All-Pro honors. He was 12th by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2012.</s><s>Professional career.:Jacksonville Jaguars.:2012 season. Jones-Drew began the 2012 season by not attending organized team activities or training camp in hopes of signing a new contract with the Jaguars. Jones-Drew had two years remaining on a deal he signed in 2009, according to which"
},
{
"title": "Maurice Jones-Drew",
"text": " his average salary was lower than that of fellow running backs Adrian Peterson, Chris Johnson, LeSean McCoy, Arian Foster, Steven Jackson, DeAngelo Williams, and Marshawn Lynch. There were rumors that he was open to being traded. After missing his team's entire offseason, Jones-Drew ended his holdout and reported to the team's facilities on September 2. In Week 3, against the Indianapolis Colts, he had 28 carries for 177 rushing yards and one rushing touchdown in the 22–17 victory. He was placed on season-ending injured reserve on December 28, 2012. He finished the season with 86 carries for 414 rushing yards and one rushing touchdown to go along with 14 receptions for 86 receiving yards and one receiving touchdown in six games. He was ranked 98th by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2013.</s><s>Professional career.:Jacksonville Jaguars.:2013 season. In 2013, Jones-Drew finished the season with 234 carries for 803 rushing yards and five rushing touchdowns. In addition, he had 43 receptions for 314 receiving yards. After eight seasons with the Jacksonville Jaguars, he became a free agent on March 11, 2014.</s><s>Professional career.:Oakland Raiders.</s><s>Professional career.:Oakland Raiders.:2014 season"
},
{
"title": "Maurice Jones-Drew",
"text": ". On March 28, 2014, Jones-Drew returned to the Bay Area and signed a three-year deal with the Oakland Raiders. Jones-Drew's season in Oakland was plagued by futility, as he recorded only 96 yards rushing on 43 attempts (averaging 2.2 yards-per-carry) and zero touchdowns. His number of carries would be limited due to the solid performances of teammates Darren McFadden and Latavius Murray. On March 5, 2015, Jones-Drew announced his retirement from the NFL at age 29. He finished his career as the Jaguars' second leading rusher of all time behind Fred Taylor. On April 28, 2015, he signed a one-day contract to officially retire as a Jaguar.</s><s>NFL career statistics.</s><s>NFL career statistics.:Jaguars franchise records. - Most career touchdowns (81) - Most career rushing touchdowns (68) - Most rushing touchdowns in a single season (15 in 2009) - Most rushing yards in a single season (1,606 in 2011) - Longest rushing attempt: 80 (tied with Fred Taylor) - Most career kickoff return touchdowns (2) - Most career kickoff return yards (2,054) - Longest kickoff return: 100 yards</s><s>Outside"
},
{
"title": "Maurice Jones-Drew",
"text": " of football. Jones-Drew hosts a two-hour radio show on Sirius XM satellite radio titled \"Runnin' With MJD\" which focuses on fantasy football talk and strategy. In 2011, Jones-Drew appeared as himself along with fellow NFL players Brent Grimes and Sidney Rice in an episode of the FX comedy \"The League\". In 2013, Jones-Drew joined the list of other tattooed athletes who have appeared in PETA's \"Ink Not Mink\" ads, posing shirtless in support of their anti-fur campaign. At age 28, Jones-Drew resumed his studies at UCLA in 2013 to complete his bachelor's degree, and lived in a dormitory. Since 2020, Jones-Drew has been an analyst on Channel 5's Monday Night Football coverage in the UK alongside host Kirsten Watson. In 2023, Jones-Drew was part of the ITV commentary team on Super Bowl LVII alongside Darren Fletcher and Jack Crawford.</s><s>Personal life. Born to Sidney Gayles and Andrea Drew, Jones-Drew was raised by his maternal grandparents, Maurice and Christina Jones. At the height of his college career in 2005, his grandfather suffered a heart attack while walking into the Rose Bowl to see Jones-Drew play against"
},
{
"title": "Maurice Jones-Drew",
"text": " Rice University on September 10. Coach Dorrell broke the news to Drew on the sideline during the game, and he ran to the locker room and left to go to the hospital. To honor the man who raised him, he had his entire legal surname affixed to his jersey, making him \"Maurice Jones-Drew.\" Jones-Drew is a father of three with two sons (Maurice II and Madden) and one daughter (Alayah). He is married to Ashley Jones-Drew (2012–present) He is also a cousin of former Tampa Bay Buccaneers safety T. J. Ward. Since retiring from the NFL, Jones-Drew has become a vegan.</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Maurice Jones-Drew",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "North America"
}
|
factscore-000324
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Raúl Esparza.
|
[
{
"title": "Raúl Esparza",
"text": "<s>Raúl Esparza Raúl Eduardo Esparza (born October 24, 1970) is a Cuban-American stage, screen, and voice actor, as well as singer. Considered one of Broadway's leading men since the 2000s, he is best known for his Tony Award-nominated performance as Bobby in the 2006 Broadway revival of \"Company\" and for his television role as New York Assistant District Attorney (ADA) Rafael Barba in \"\", where he had a recurring role in Season 14 and was promoted to a series regular in Seasons 15 to 19. He made his Broadway debut in 2000 as Riff Raff in the revival of \"The Rocky Horror Show.\" Subsequently, he starred as Jonathan in the original Off-Broadway production of \"Tick, Tick... Boom!\" and Caractacus Potts in the original Broadway production of \"Chitty Chitty Bang Bang\" in 2005. He received Tony nominations for his roles as Philip Salon in the Boy George musical \"Taboo\" in 2004; Bobby in the musical comedy \"Company\" in 2006; Lenny in Harold Pinter's play \"The Homecoming\" in 2008; and Charlie Fox in David Mamet's play \"Speed-the-Plow\" in 2009."
},
{
"title": "Raúl Esparza",
"text": " Most recently, he starred in the Off-Broadway production \"Seared\" in 2019. Esparza has been nominated in all Tony categories for which an actor is eligible. He is widely regarded for his versatility on stage, having performed musicals by Andrew Lloyd Webber, Stephen Sondheim, Kander and Ebb, Boy George, the Sherman Brothers and in plays by Mamet, Pinter, William Shakespeare, Tom Stoppard, and more. His film work includes Sidney Lumet's \"Find Me Guilty\" and Wes Craven's \"My Soul to Take\", and his television credits include roles on \"The Path\", \"Medium\", \"Hannibal\" and \"Pushing Daisies\". He narrated the audiobook for Stephen King's \"Under the Dome\" as well as several others, and he sings in concerts across the country.</s><s>Early life. Esparza was born in Wilmington, Delaware, to Cuban parents, María Elena Cecilia García y Gutiérrez and Raúl Esparza y Rues, who had left the country because of the Castro regime. While his paternal grandfather had been established in Castro's sugar ministry, his father's family grew disillusioned with the government, and in 1966, his"
},
{
"title": "Raúl Esparza",
"text": " father and grandmother escaped to the U.S. by boat, while his grandfather defected through Spain. Esparza's maternal grandfather had moved to Cuba from Figueres, Alt Empordà, Catalonia, Spain. Esparza was raised in Miami, Florida. He graduated from Belen Jesuit in 1988 and won a Silver Knight Award in Drama that same year. In 1992, Esparza received a Bachelor of Fine Arts in Drama and a Bachelor's degree in English from New York University's Tisch School of the Arts. While on \"Finding Your Roots\", Season 8, Episode 2, Esparza learned that his Catalan great-great-grandparents founded Garcia de Pou Restaurant Supply Store in Madrid, Spain, which is still owned and operated by members of his family. He also learned that another branch of his family came from the small town of Navata, Girona, Catalonia, Spain, where they can be traced back 14 generations.</s><s>Career.</s><s>Career.:Theatre.</s><s>Career.:Theatre.:Broadway theatre. Esparza first drew attention with his performance in the 2000 Broadway revival of \"The Rocky Horror Show\", which won him the Theatre World Award. Esparza's other Broadway credits"
},
{
"title": "Raúl Esparza",
"text": " include \"Cabaret\" (2001), \"Taboo\" (2003), \"Chitty Chitty Bang Bang\" (2005), and Sondheim's \"Company\" (2006). He received a Tony Award nomination for Best Featured Actor in a Musical and a Drama Desk Award for his performance in \"Taboo\". His performance in \"Company\" earned him a second Tony nomination, this time for Best Actor in a Musical, as well as his second Drama Desk award. Beginning in November 2007, he appeared in Harold Pinter's play \"The Homecoming\" and was Tony-nominated for Best Featured Actor in a Play. In 2008, he played Charlie Fox in the revival of David Mamet's \"Speed-the-Plow\" co-starring Jeremy Piven and Elisabeth Moss on Broadway. His performance in \"Speed-the-Plow\" earned him a Tony nomination for Best Actor in a Play, making him the second performer (after Boyd Gaines) to be nominated in all four acting categories a performer is eligible for at the Tonys, although he has yet to win one. Esparza appeared in a limited-engagement revival of Tom Stoppard's \"Arcadia\", which began previews at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre"
},
{
"title": "Raúl Esparza",
"text": " on February 25, 2011, and opened on March 17, 2011. Esparza appeared in the musical \"Leap of Faith\" in the role of the \"Reverend\" Jonas Nightingale. He was involved in the workshop in 2008, the out-of-town tryout at the Ahmanson Theatre (Los Angeles) in 2010, and the Broadway production in 2012, for which he received a 2012 Drama Desk Award nomination for Outstanding Actor in a Musical.</s><s>Career.:Theatre.:Other theatre. In 1999, Esparza played Che in the national tour of \"Evita\", opposite Natalie Toro. The tour was intended to open on Broadway, but failed to do so. In 2001, he appeared Off-Broadway in \"tick, tick... BOOM!\" by Jonathan Larson, garnering a Drama Desk Award nomination for Outstanding Actor in a Musical. He appeared in two musicals by Stephen Sondheim, \"Sunday in the Park with George\" and \"Merrily We Roll Along\" at the 2002 Kennedy Center Sondheim Celebration. He also appeared as the Arbiter in the Actors Fund of America concert of Tim Rice's \"Chess\" in September 2003. In 2009, Esparza starred in a production of"
},
{
"title": "Raúl Esparza",
"text": " Shakespeare's \"Twelfth Night\" at the Delacorte Theater (New York) with Anne Hathaway, from June 25 through July 12. He starred as Hapgood in the City Center Encores! staged concert production of \"Anyone Can Whistle\" from April 8 to 11, 2010, opposite Sutton Foster as Fay and Donna Murphy as the Mayoress. In July 2013, Esparza starred in a production of \"The Cradle Will Rock\" at the New York City Center. In February 2018, Esparza played Freddie Trumper in the Kennedy Center's revival of Tim Rice's \"Chess\". From October to December 2018, Esparza played the title role in Classic Stage Company's Off-Broadway production of \"The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui.\" He was nominated for the 2019 Drama Desk Award for Best Actor for the role. In July 2019, Esparza appeared in a production of \"Road Show\" at the New York City Center. In October of the same year, Esparza played Harry in the off-Broadway comedy \"Seared\" by Theresa Rebeck. In April 2020 he was a host, executive producer, and performer in \"\", a virtual concert in honor of the 90th birthday of composer"
},
{
"title": "Raúl Esparza",
"text": " Stephen Sondheim benefiting the charity organization ASTEP (Artists Striving to End Poverty). In December 2022, Esparza was a guest narrator at Disney's Candlelight Processional at Walt Disney World.</s><s>Career.:Television. In 2007, Esparza had a recurring role on the TV show \"Pushing Daisies\" as traveling salesman Alfredo Aldarisio, a role originally given to Paul Reubens. In 2009, Esparza recorded the audiobook \"Under the Dome\" by Stephen King. He has done narration for \"The House of the Scorpion\" by Nancy Farmer and \"The Book of Unholy Mischief\" by Elle Newmark. In January 2010, Esparza performed opposite Lucie Arnaz, Desi Arnaz Jr., and Valarie Pettiford at the 92Y's \"Lyrics and Lyricist\" event honoring Desi Arnaz and his orchestra, \"Babalu: The American Songbook Goes Latin\". In 2010, Esparza appeared as Abel Plenkov in Wes Craven's \"My Soul to Take\". From 2013 to 2015, Esparza appeared in the recurring role of Dr. Frederick Chilton in \"Hannibal\". He appeared in the 2016 film \""
},
{
"title": "Raúl Esparza",
"text": "Custody\", written and directed by James Lapine, as an Administration for Children's Services agent.</s><s>Career.:Television.:\"Law & Order: SVU\". In 2012, Esparza became a recurring actor on the long-running NBC drama series \"\" as Manhattan Assistant District Attorney Rafael Barba, starting in the third episode of the show's 14th season, \"\". He appeared in 11 episodes of the show's 14th season. On July 17, 2013, he was promoted to series regular for the show's 15th season. His character became the first series-regular ADA since Stephanie March in the 11th season and the first regular male ADA in series history. His role on \"SVU\" was not his first \"Law & Order\" role, however, as he had previously portrayed an ADA in a 2009 episode of \"\", and a suspect in a 2010 episode of the original \"Law & Order\". On February 7, 2018, Esparza left \"SVU\" in the episode \"” after six seasons on the show. Although having left the series to return to the stage, Esparza has been back on the show, making a very brief cameo before the main title in the Season 21 episode \"Redemption"
},
{
"title": "Raúl Esparza",
"text": " in Her Corner\". He made another guest appearance in Season 22 episode \"Sightless in a Savage Land\" and in the Season 23 Finale, \"A Final Call at Forlini's Bar.</s><s>Personal life. Esparza married Michele Marie Perez, his high-school girlfriend, in 1994. They divorced in 2007. Esparza was the subject of a \"New York Times\" profile in 2006 in which he revealed that he is bisexual.</s><s>Theater credits. Selected credits - 1998–99: \"Evita\" (20th Anniversary US National Tour) – Che - 2002–01: \"The Rocky Horror Show\"; Circle in the Square Theatre (Broadway) – Riff Raff - 2001: \"Tick, Tick... Boom!\"; Jane Street Theatre (Off-Broadway) – Jonathan - 2001–02: \"Cabaret\"; Studio 54 (Broadway) – The Emcee - 2002: \"Sunday in the Park with George\"; Kennedy Center (Washington, D.C.) – George Seurat - 2002: \"Merrily We Roll Along\"; Kennedy Center (Washington, D.C.) – Charley Kringas - 2003: \"Comedians\"; Samual Beckett Theatre (Off-Broadway"
},
{
"title": "Raúl Esparza",
"text": ") – Gethin Price - 2003–04: \"Taboo\"; Plymouth Theatre (Broadway) – Philip Sallon - 2004: \"The Normal Heart\"; The Public Theater (Off-Broadway) – Ned Weeks - 2005: \"Chitty Chitty Bang Bang\"; Hilton Theatre (Broadway) – Caractacus Potts - 2006: \"Company\"; The Cincinnati Playhouse in the Park (Regional) – Robert - 2006–07: \"Company\"; Ethel Barrymore Theatre (Broadway) – Robert - 2007–08: \"The Homecoming\"; Cort Theatre (Broadway) – Lenny - 2008–09: \"Speed-the-Plow\"; Ethel Barrymore Theatre (Broadway) – Charlie Fox - 2009: \"Twelfth Night\"; Delacorte Theatre (Shakespeare in the Park) – Orsino - 2010: \"Leap of Faith\"; Mark Taper Forum (Los Angeles) – Jonas Nightingale - 2011: \"Arcadia\"; Ethel Barrymore Theatre (Broadway) – Valentine Coverly - 2012: \"Leap of Faith\"; St. James Theatre (Broadway) – Jonas Nightingale - 2015: \"Cymbeline\"; Delacorte Theatre (Shakespeare in"
},
{
"title": "Raúl Esparza",
"text": " the Park) – Iachimo - 2018: \"The Waves\"; Powerhouse Theater (Poughkeepsie) – Bernard - 2018: \"The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui\"; Lynn F. Angelson Theater (Off-Broadway) – Arturo Ui - 2019: \"Seared\"; MCC Theater (Off-Broadway) – Harry</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Raúl Esparza",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "North America"
}
|
factscore-000325
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Tony Bellew.
|
[
{
"title": "Tony Bellew",
"text": "<s>Tony Bellew Anthony Lewis Bellew (born 30 November 1982; pr. Tony BAY-loo) is an English former professional boxer who competed from 2007 to 2018, and has since worked as a boxing analyst and commentator. He held the WBC cruiserweight title from 2016 to 2017, and challenged for the undisputed cruiserweight championship in 2018. At regional level, he held the British and Commonwealth light-heavyweight titles between 2010 and 2014, the European cruiserweight title from 2015 to 2016, and is a three-time ABA heavyweight champion as an amateur. He portrayed antagonist boxer Ricky Conlan in the films \"Creed\" and \"Creed III.\"</s><s>Early life. Anthony Lewis Bellew was born in the Toxteth area of Liverpool on 30 November 1982, the son of a black mother and white father. He first lived on Mulgrave Street in Toxteth, later moving to Smithdown Road in nearby Wavertree.</s><s>Amateur career. Fighting out of Liverpool's Rotunda ABC, Bellew claimed both the 2002 and 2003 novice ABA titles by knocking out every man he faced with the exception of Rob Hough who went the 3 rounds from Paramount ABC (Stockport) in the under 10 bouts championships. Then, when"
},
{
"title": "Tony Bellew",
"text": " he was eligible for the Senior championships, he stepped up to the 91 kg heavyweight class and added even more titles to his collection. In 2006 he lost to Danny Price.</s><s>Professional career.</s><s>Professional career.:Light-heavyweight.</s><s>Professional career.:Light-heavyweight.:Early career. Bellew made his professional boxing debut on 6 October 2007 with a 2nd-round TKO against journeyman Jamie Ambler. He followed up the victory with further wins in 2007 over Adam Wilcox, fighting at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff and Wayne Brooks at the Bolton Arena. In 2008 Bellew defeated Paul Bonson, Ayitey Powers, Hastings Rasani, Jevgēņijs Andrejevs, and Phil Goodwin to take his record up to 8–0. During 2009 he advanced to an unbeaten 12–0 with further wins against Matthew Ellis, Nick Okoth, Jindrich Velecky, and Martial Bella Oleme.</s><s>Professional career.:Light-heavyweight.:Commonwealth champion. On 12 March 2010 Bellew challenged for the vacant Commonwealth light-heavyweight title, defeating Atoli Moore at the Echo Arena in Liverpool. He made his first defence of the title on 24 September 2010, defeating Bob Ajis"
},
{
"title": "Tony Bellew",
"text": "afe at the Grosvenor House Hotel in London with Bellew having to recover from a flash knockdown during the fight. He made his second defence of the title on 9 December 2010, returning to the Echo Arena to stop former Commonwealth champion Ovill McKenzie in the eighth-round despite suffering two knockdowns himself in both the first and second rounds. On 18 May 2011 it was announced that Bellew would challenge Nathan Cleverly for the WBO light-heavyweight title following a pullout from Cleverly's scheduled opponent Jürgen Brähmer with the fight due to be held only three days later on 21 May 2011. Bellew however, failed to make the weight and was replaced with Aleksy Kuziemski. On 16 July 2011 Bellew made the third defence of his Commonwealth title and also won the vacant British title with a repeat victory over Ovill McKenzie, with the bout this time lasting the full twelve rounds.</s><s>Professional career.:Light-heavyweight.:Bellew vs. Cleverly. It was announced that Bellew would fight Nathan Cleverly in Liverpool, on 15 October 2011, for the WBO light-heavyweight title. Cleverly won the fight via majority decision (MD). One judge scored the bout at 114"
},
{
"title": "Tony Bellew",
"text": "–114 whereas the other two judges scored the bout at 116–113, and 117–112. After losing to Cleverly, Bellew took on Danny McIntosh for the vacant British light-heavyweight title, knocking McIntosh out in the fifth round. Next he took on former world title challenger Edison Miranda for the WBC International title, and stopped Miranda in the ninth round.</s><s>Professional career.:Light-heavyweight.:Bellew vs. Chilemba I, II. On 17 November 2012 he beat Roberto Bolonti for the WBC Silver title. Bellew was cut badly but went the full twelve rounds to a win unanimous decision (UD), taking him one step further to a second world title fight. On 30 March 2013, he fought Isaac Chilemba in a title eliminator. The judges scored it a controversial draw. Chilemba granted a rematch which Bellew won on the scorecards after twelve rounds via UD (unanimous decision), with 117–112, and 116–112 twice.</s><s>Professional career.:Light-heavyweight.:Bellew vs. Stevenson. Bellew was made mandatory challenger for the WBC light-heavyweight title following the win against Chilemba. However, a fight between Adonis Stevenson and"
},
{
"title": "Tony Bellew",
"text": " Tavoris Cloud occurred on 28 September 2013 with the winner being made to defend his title against Bellew before the end of the year. Stevenson became the first boxer to stop Bellew, winning the fight via technical knockout (TKO). In round six, Stevenson put Bellew down with a left hand, he beat the count and the referee let the fight go on. Bellew was then on the receiving end of another pair of left hands before the referee could get in and put a stop to the bout. At the time of stoppage, Stevenson was ahead on the scorecards with 50–45 twice, and 49–46. Bellew contemplated moving up to cruiserweight after the loss. According to Nielsen Media Research firm, the fight attracted an average of 1.3 million viewers on the HBO network, making it the fifth most watched bout of 2013.</s><s>Professional career.:Cruiserweight. Bellew celebrated his first fight as a cruiserweight with a twelfth-round knockout (KO) of Valery Brudov on 15 March 2014 at the Echo Arena in Liverpool. This was for the vacant WBO International cruiserweight title. Bellew successfully defended the title on 12 July 2014 against Julio Cesar Dos Santos via fifth-round TKO. Dos"
},
{
"title": "Tony Bellew",
"text": " Santos went down following a left to the jaw.</s><s>Professional career.:Cruiserweight.:Bellew vs. Cleverly II. On 22 November 2014 Bellew got his rematch against Nathan Cleverly, this time fighting as cruiserweights. The fight took place at the Echo Arena in Liverpool also a WBO cruiserweight championship eliminator. The title was held by Marco Huck at the time. The bout went twelve rounds as Bellew won via split decision (SD). One judge scored the bout 115–114 in favour of Cleverly whereas the other two judges scored the bout 116–112, and 115–113 in favour of Bellew. In the post-fight interview, Bellew said, \"I'm over the moon, listen it's over, it's put to bed. We said a lot of things. I don't like him now, but it's been settled tonight. It's over, it's done and I've outworked a great athlete.\" He also stated that he would accept a rematch at Millennium Stadium if there was any demand for it. Cleverly said he struggled with dealing with Bellew at a higher weight. After the fight, Cleverly moved back down to light-heavyweight. In 2015, Bellew fought two lower ranked opponents"
},
{
"title": "Tony Bellew",
"text": ", defeating Ivica Bačurin via tenth-round TKO and Artūrs Kuļikauskis via fifth-round TKO.</s><s>Professional career.:Cruiserweight.:Bellew vs. Masternak. On 29 November 2015, Sky Sports confirmed that Bellew would fight highly ranked contender and former world title challenger Mateusz Masternak (36–3, 26 KOs) for the vacant European cruiserweight title. The fight took place on 12 December at the O2 Arena in London, as part of the undercard for Anthony Joshua vs. Dillian Whyte. Bellew produced a solid performance as the fight with Masternak was back and forth throughout. Going into the twelfth round, Bellew was winning by one round. Bellew won the fight via UD, with scores of 115–113, and 115–112 twice to capture the European title. Bellew earned an £80,000 purse for the bout.</s><s>Professional career.:Cruiserweight.:Bellew vs. Makabu. On 29 May 2016, Bellew challenged for the WBC cruiserweight title, vacated by Grigory Drozd, who had been injured and not fought since his KO win in May 2015."
},
{
"title": "Tony Bellew",
"text": " Bellew faced Ilunga Makabu (19–1, 18 KOs), who had not lost since his debut back in 2008, at Goodison Park in Liverpool. Makabu was scheduled to fight Drozd, only for the Russian to pull out with an injury, prompting the WBC to strip him. Bellew weighed in at 14st 3lbs 1oz while Makabu took to the scales at just over 14st. Bellew overcame a first-round knockdown to KO Makabu and become WBC champion, winning his first world title. During the post-fight interview, Bellew called out Denis Lebedev, but not in Russia and David Haye at cruiserweight.</s><s>Professional career.:Cruiserweight.:Bellew vs. Flores. Bellew announced he would be making his first voluntary defence of his world title at the Echo Arena on 15 October, against 37-year-old BJ Flores (32–2–1, 20 KOs) live on Sky Sports. This was the first time Flores challenged for a major world title, having previously fought for an interim title and the IBO title. The WBC stated the winner had to fight Mairis Briedis next, the mandatory challenger, following"
},
{
"title": "Tony Bellew",
"text": " his win over Olanrewaju Durodola. Briedis also fought on the undercard, stopping unbeaten prospect Simon Vallily. Briedis agreed to take a step aside fee to allow this fight to take place. After an even first round, the second round produced more action as Bellew hit Flores with a low blow. The referee did not see this as below the belt, however, Flores stopped for a few seconds to motion the referee that he had been hit with a low blow. Whilst doing so, Bellew piled on more pressure, eventually knocking Flores down. Bellew knocked Flores down a further two times in round two, securing a 10–6 round in his favour. After a fourth knockdown in round three, Flores failed to beat the referee's count, the referee declaring Bellew the winner via KO and Bellew making a first successful defence of his WBC title. Following the win, Bellew called out former Cruiserweight and heavyweight world champion David Haye, who was ringside, repeating that he was next. Referring to Haye as 'SpongeBob', Bellew carried on the verbal assault in the post-fight interview using profanity and taunting Haye, stating he has been 'conning the British public"
},
{
"title": "Tony Bellew",
"text": "' since he announced his comeback. Eddie Hearn claimed the fight could take place at heavyweight or at cruiserweight for Bellew's WBC title.</s><s>Professional career.:Heavyweight.</s><s>Professional career.:Heavyweight.:Bellew vs. Haye I, II. On 25 November 2016, Eddie Hearn announced via Twitter that Bellew's next fight would be against Haye. The fight date was set for 4 March 2017 at The O2 Arena, London and was shown on Sky Box Office and was Bellew's first heavyweight fight. Due to the fight being at heavyweight, Bellew's WBC cruiserweight title was not on the line. At the first press conference on 30 November, a fight broke out as Bellew and Haye went face to face and it appeared on the replay, Haye had managed to land a left hook on Bellew, leaving a mark. Both fighters were then separated before going their own ways. On 3 March 2017, Haye weighed 224.9 lbs, heavier than Bellew who came in at 213 lbs, a career high. The bout started as a stalemate until the sixth round, where Haye injured his ankle and fell down twice. Bellew then took control of the fight as Haye opted to"
},
{
"title": "Tony Bellew",
"text": " continue. Bellew knocked Haye down and out of the ropes late in the eleventh round. Haye managed to make it to his feet, but his trainer Shane McGuigan threw in the towel, giving Bellew a TKO win. Bellew credited Haye for his bravery, while Haye refused to blame his injury and stated that Bellew was \"by far the better fighter\", though stated that he wanted a rematch. Bellew contemplated retiring after claiming he had done it all. He also revealed he broke his hand in the early rounds. At the time of stoppage, Bellew led on all three scorecards 96–93. With a 60–40 split of the £7 million purse, Haye earned £4.2 million while Bellew eaned £2.8 million, his biggest purse by far. It was reported that the fight generated 890,000 buys on Sky Box Office PPV. On 14 March, Hearn said that Bellew would fight again in 2017, a day later, he told Sky Sports that Bellew may need surgery on his broken hand which could see him out of action for up to five months. On 28 March, the WBC changed Bellew's world championship status to Emeritus champion. This"
},
{
"title": "Tony Bellew",
"text": " also meant the winner between Marco Huck and Mairis Briedis on 1 April would become new world champion and not interim, as it was initially announced. The bout was won by Briedis, thus making him the new WBC champion. In June 2017, Bellew stated that he would next fight in either November or December 2017. He had three potential names to consider, those being WBO heavyweight champion Joseph Parker, WBC heavyweight champion Deontay Wilder and a rematch with Haye. Parker was his main interest. In July 2017, Bellew admitted that a potential fight with widely regarded pound for pound number one fighter and unified light-heavyweight champion Andre Ward was of interest and the teams of the respective fighters were currently in negotiations. On 3 August, Hearn stated a rematch between Bellew and Haye was 'virtually dead', due to both fighters believing they are the A-side and have the right to demand ring walks, poster, changing rooms and split of purse. On 6 September, Hearn stated a deal could be made within seven days. According to trainer David Coldwell, both Haye and Bellew had held positive talks and looking more likely to agree to a fight, as long they stay on the same page and agree to"
},
{
"title": "Tony Bellew",
"text": " the same terms. On 19 September, Haye agreed all the terms and tweeted Bellew to sign the contract. He said, \"It's taken months of negotiating but teams have finally agreed all terms for Haye-Bellew 2. Will Bellew put pen to paper?\" The fight was reported to take place on Sunday 17 December 2017. Promoter Eddie Hearn stated the fight was not a done deal, but he had hoped to confirm the fight within a week. Bellew replied the following day, tweeting, \"I OBLIGE YOU @mrdavidhaye, happy? Now leave me alone with my family please. I'll see you soon enough!\" The fight was officially confirmed on 29 September for the fight to take place at The O2 Arena in London. Bellew claimed the rematch wasn't personal any more, just business and hoping to dedicate a win to his late brother-in-law, who had died in August. Haye stated that Bellew wouldn't win the lottery twice. Like the first fight, it was scheduled to be shown live on Sky Box Office. On 20 November, it was reported that Haye had injured his arm and forced to pull out of the fight. In a statement, Haye said, \"I"
},
{
"title": "Tony Bellew",
"text": " am devastated to announce my much-anticipated rematch against Tony Bellew has been postponed until 24 March or 5 May, subject to scheduling. It was believed that the injury occurred during a stair conditioning session.\" Bellew was said to be disappointed with Haye's announcement, but stated he may take an interim bout. Hours after the cancellation was confirmed, Tyson Fury released a video on social media calling out Bellew. In the video, he said, \"I'll be ready, willing and waiting to fight Tony Bellew, May 5, O2 Arena, London.\" Dillian Whyte tweeted Hearn about taking Haye's place and then called Bellew a coward for declining the fight. Speaking about a potential Fury fight, trainer Dave Coldwell said, \"That's not a fight I would entertain whatsoever. Fury is big, long and very, very clever in that ring. There's no way that I'd be interested in that fight.\" Fury himself denigrated Bellew and his corner stating that: \"They are not good enough to tie my shoelaces. They're not good enough to hold my jock strap.\" The fight was rescheduled for 5 May 2018. Haye weighed 220.2 lbs, 4 lbs lighter than the first fight. Bellew also"
},
{
"title": "Tony Bellew",
"text": " came in lighter 210.4 lbs. Bellew knocked Haye down three times, eventually winning the fight via TKO in round five. Haye started the opening two rounds using his jab, leaving a mark around Bellew's right eye. As round three began, both boxers started getting closer and unloading power shots. As Haye started to step backwards around the ring, Bellew landed clean, dropping Haye. At this point it appeared Haye may have injured his ankle, with the Sky Sports commentary team mentioning this, as well as the post-fight interviewer. Haye later denied he was injured. Bellew then dropped Haye again with a hard combination. Bellew came out cautiously in round four, still wary of Haye's power. In round five, both traded punches, but it was a left hook from Bellew that dropped Haye a third time. Haye managed to beat the count again, not long before Bellew started unloading a barrage of punches. With Haye against the ropes, referee Howard Foster stepped in at 2 minutes 14 seconds, giving Bellew his second stoppage win over Haye. Immediately after the fight Haye congratulated Bellew on the win. Bellew went on to dedicate the win to Ashley, his"
},
{
"title": "Tony Bellew",
"text": " brother-in-law, who had died in August 2017. He also mentioned Andre Ward, who his team had brief negotiations with in 2017. Haye stated he would review the tapes and see what went wrong. According to CompuBox stats, Haye landed 42 of 189 punches thrown (22%), only 6 being power punches and Bellew landed 70 of his 219 thrown (32%), with 34 being power punches. Both boxers earned a minimum purse of £2.5 million for the fight, which would increase based on TV revenue and PPV shares.</s><s>Professional career.:Return to cruiserweight.</s><s>Professional career.:Return to cruiserweight.:Bellew vs. Usyk. On 21 July 2018, Oleksandr Usyk (15–0, 11 KOs) defeated Murat Gassiev via UD to become the undisputed cruiserweight world champion. When asked who he would like to fight next, Usyk said, \"At this time I have heard that Tony Bellew wants to fight the winner of the Muhammad Ali Trophy. I hope he will see me talking... 'hey Tony Bellew, are you ready?' If he doesn't want to go down, I will go up for him. I will eat more spaghetti"
},
{
"title": "Tony Bellew",
"text": " for my dinner!\" Bellew responded via social media that he would accept the fight, however stated the fight would need to take place in 2018 and for the undisputed championship. Bellew believed a fight at heavyweight would not be as appealing as he would not gain much with a win. Bellew also stated it would be his last fight as a professional. By the end of July, it was said the fight would likely take place in November 2018 in London. After positive meetings between Eddie Hearn and K2's Alexander Krassyuk, on 20 August, Boxing Scene reported the fight was likely to take place on 10 November 2018. A week later, K2 Promotions confirmed the date of the fight. On 5 September, the WBA ordered Usyk to start negotiating with Denis Lebedev, who was their 'champion in recess' and gave them until the first week of October 2018 to complete negotiations. This was said to be a stumbling block for the potential Usyk vs. Bellew fight. According to Hearn, the fight was likely to be pushed back to 2019. Prior to negotiations, Bellew stated the fight must happen in 2018. On 7 September, Usyk signed a multi-fight deal with Matchroom Boxing, which meant he"
},
{
"title": "Tony Bellew",
"text": " would fight exclusively on Sky Sports in the UK and DAZN in the US. A week after signing with Matchroom, the Usyk vs. Bellew fight was announced to take place on 10 November at the Manchester Arena, live and exclusive on Sky Box Office. Experienced British referee Terry O'Connor was named as the official. Bellew weighed 199¼ lbs, just over 2 years since he last made the cruiserweight limit and Usyk weighed 198¼ lbs. Bellew's guaranteed purse for the fight was £4 million. On fight night, Usyk, who is usually a slow starter, eventually took full control of the bout and stopped Bellew in round eight to retain all the cruiserweight belts. The official time of the stoppage was at 2 minutes of round eight. There was very little action in round one as both boxers showed each other respect. Due to the lack of action, the crowd began to boo towards the end of the round. Overall, Usyk landed just three jabs and Bellew landed one power shot. Round two was similar, however Bellew stepped on the gas and landed some clean shots along with some showboating. Bellew took control in round three, landing two straight right hands."
},
{
"title": "Tony Bellew",
"text": " Usyk began using his jab more and after landing an overhand left, Bellew was left slightly shaken. By the end of round four, Bellew was backed up against the ropes and looked to tire. Bellew aimed most of his shots to Usyk's body and by round seven, was missing a lot of shots, mostly due to Usyk's foot movement, and ended the round with a bloodied nose. In round eight, whilst in a neutral corner, Usyk landed a hard left, again buzzing Bellew, forcing him to move away against the ropes. Another left hand wobbled Bellew before Usyk finished him off with another left which dropped Bellew backwards with his head landing on the bottom rope. A brave Bellew tried to get up slowly and beat the count but referee Terry O'Connor stopped the fight. Bellew's ten-fight winning streak came to an end. Judges Alejandro Cid and Steve Gray scored the first seven rounds 68–65 and 67–66 respectively in favour of Bellew, while Yury Koptsev had the fight 67–67. Afterwards, Bellew paid tribute to Usyk and announced his retirement from boxing, saying, \"I have been doing this for 20 years"
},
{
"title": "Tony Bellew",
"text": ", and it is over.\" Usyk stated 2018 was the most difficult year of his career, but most successful. \"We need to put goals in front of us and move towards them,\" Usyk later stated. There was a small concern during Bellew's post-fight interview as many felt he was clearly concussed. According to CompuBox stats, Usyk landed 112 of his 424 punches thrown (26%) and Bellew landed 61 of his 268 thrown (23%). Both landed 47 power shots each.</s><s>Professional career.:Retirement. Bellew announced his retirement in the ring following his defeat to Usyk. He retired with a record of 30 wins from 34 professional bouts, with 20 coming inside the distance. He suffered 3 losses and one draw. All three losses came against reigning world champions. During the post-fight press conference, Bellew stated, \"It's definitely over now, you won't see me in a boxing ring again. I just want a normal life, I don't want this pressure. I only created the name Tony Bellew to make my dad proud. I’ve never been Tony Bellew, I’ve always been Anthony. Everyone who truly knows me calls me Anthony. Tony Bellew died"
},
{
"title": "Tony Bellew",
"text": " on Saturday, Anthony Bellew comes back alive. I want reality back.\" He claimed his body could no longer take it. On 22 November 2018, via social media, Bellew posted a video and a statement officially confirming his retirement from boxing. In 2020, Tony took part in the Channel 4 Show \"\". In 2021, Tony Bellew joined the UK commentary team for DAZN, contributing to their UK boxing coverage and schedule. On 22 February 2023, regarding the potential upcoming fight planned for Usyk and Tyson Fury, Bellew felt that Usyk would hold an advantage over Fury if the two were to have a championship fight.</s><s>Personal life. Bellew is an avid supporter of his hometown football team Everton F.C., and has been paraded on the pitch at Goodison Park at half-time during a home game. During his career, he entered the ring to the theme from \"Z-Cars\", the same song to which the team enters the pitch at their home ground.</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Tony Bellew",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Europe/Middle East"
}
|
factscore-000326
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Daniel Bedingfield.
|
[
{
"title": "Daniel Bedingfield",
"text": "<s>Daniel Bedingfield Daniel John Bedingfield (born 3 December 1979) is a New Zealand-British singer, songwriter, record producer and actor. He is the eldest brother of fellow singers Natasha Bedingfield and Nikola Rachelle. He was a judge on \"The X Factor New Zealand\" in 2013.</s><s>Early life. Bedingfield spent much of his early life in Auckland, New Zealand, and attended Lynfield College.</s><s>Music career.</s><s>Music career.:2001–2003: \"Gotta Get Thru This\" and international breakthrough. He released his first single, \"Gotta Get Thru This\" in November 2001. It gathered momentum on white label through the UK garage music scene, and peaked at number one on the UK Singles Chart. He has since had two more number-one singles on the chart, \"If You're Not The One\" and \"Never Gonna Leave Your Side\", as well as three further top ten hits. His debut album, also titled \"Gotta Get Thru This\", which was recorded at home using Making Waves Audio software and Reason, peaked at number two on the UK Albums Chart and went on to sell more than 4 million copies worldwide.</s><s>Music career.:2004–2011"
},
{
"title": "Daniel Bedingfield",
"text": ": \"Second First Impression\" and other projects. In 2004, Bedingfield won a BRIT Award for Best British Male Artist. He then moved to the Universal Music subsidiary label Polydor Records to release his second album, \"Second First Impression\", which reached number 8 in the UK. The album sold poorly compared to his first offering, though it did include two UK Top 20 singles, \"Nothing Hurts Like Love\" (which reached number three) and \"Wrap My Words Around You\" (which peaked at number 12). The third and final single, \"The Way\", became his first to miss the top 40, reaching number 41. The album was also released in Singapore (featuring 'If You're Not The One' as a bonus track). In an interview with the \"New Zealand Herald\" in April 2007, Bedingfield said that, after a four-year hiatus, he had three albums recorded and awaiting release. Since his last release in 2004, Bedingfield continued to work with other artists. He co-wrote the song \"Works for Me!\" for \"American Idol\" finalist David Archuleta. He has also worked with Pixie Lott, and contributed guest vocals on a track by a former member of The Roots. In"
},
{
"title": "Daniel Bedingfield",
"text": " December 2009, he co-wrote material with Tessanne Chin as well as recorded three songs with Busy Signal at DJ Karim's Stainless Records studios in Kingston, Jamaica. Bedingfield provided backing vocals for the Kirsten Morrell track \"He Walked In\" from the album Ultraviolet, which was released in May 2010. In December 2010, Bedingfield spent a month in Tel Aviv, Israel, where he wrote and recorded a song with a local freak folk band, The Raw Men Empire. He concluded his visit with a Tel Aviv gig, hosting Uzi Feinerman, The Raw Men Empire and a variety of other Israeli musicians. In July 2011, he recorded on a dancehall riddim called the Overproof Riddim. Like many of the songs on this riddim, it has been getting good rotation in Jamaica.</s><s>Music career.:2012–present: \"Stop the Traffik\", \"The X Factor\" and acting. In February 2012, Bedingfield released the single \"Rocks Off\" with an accompanying video on MTV which can be viewed here. \"Rocks Off\" was released alongside B-side \"It's Not Me, It's You\". On 24 April, Bedingfield released the EP \"Stop the Traff"
},
{
"title": "Daniel Bedingfield",
"text": "ik – Secret Fear\", his first EP release since becoming independent. The EP featured both the previously released \"Rocks Off\" and \"It's Not Me, Its You\" as well as five other new tracks. The EP was followed by the release of \"Secret Fear\" as a single, the video features adult scenes and has gone on to win several awards. On 21 December 2012, Bedingfield took up a role as a judge for the first New Zealand series of \"The X Factor\" joining Stan Walker, Melanie Blatt and Ruby Frost. The series premiered on TV3 on 21 April 2013. Bedingfield mentored the Girls category. His sister Natasha appeared as an assistant during the Judges Retreats round. Bedingfield was the winning mentor of series one when his act Jackie Thomas won the competition. Bedingfield co-wrote \"I Wanna Feel\" by SecondCity, which debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart on 1 June 2014 and stayed in the top 20 for the next six weeks. The song was Bedingfield's fourth number one in the UK. He spent time working in the studio with K-pop group Spica, including co-producing their first English language single \"I Did It\". He was also the group"
},
{
"title": "Daniel Bedingfield",
"text": "'s vocal director. In 2015, he co-wrote the song \"Testify\" which was included on \"The X Factor UK\" 2014 winner Ben Haenow's self-titled debut studio album. From February 2016, Bedingfield appeared in the West End musical \"The War of the Worlds\" as The Artilleryman. Bedingfield left the show in April 2016.</s><s>Personal life. While on holiday visiting his parents in New Zealand in 2004, Bedingfield nearly died in a serious car accident, which left him with severe head and neck injuries because of the car rolling on him. His mother, Molly Bedingfield, is founder and CEO of Global Angels, for which Daniel is doing fundraising work. Bedingfield also helped to launch the Stop the Traffik coalition against modern day slavery.</s><s>Discography. - \"Gotta Get Thru This\" (2002) - \"Second First Impression\" (2004)</s><s>Awards and nominations.! Year!! Awards!! Category!! Work!! Result</s><s>See also. - List of number-one dance hits (United States) - List of artists who reached number one on the U.S. dance chart</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Daniel Bedingfield",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Europe/Middle East"
}
|
factscore-000327
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Prince Carl Philip, Duke of Värmland.
|
[
{
"title": "Prince Carl Philip, Duke of Värmland",
"text": "<s>Prince Carl Philip, Duke of Värmland Prince Carl Philip of Sweden, Duke of Värmland (Carl Philip Edmund Bertil; born 13 May 1979) is the only son and the second of three children of King Carl XVI Gustaf and Queen Silvia., Prince Carl Philip is fourth in the line of succession, after his older sister, Crown Princess Victoria, his niece and goddaughter Princess Estelle, and his nephew Prince Oscar. He lives with his wife, Princess Sofia, and three sons, Prince Alexander, Prince Gabriel and Prince Julian in Villa Solbacken in Djurgården, Stockholm.</s><s>Early life and education. Prince Carl Philip was born on 13 May 1979 at Stockholm Palace, Sweden. He was baptised at the Royal Chapel on 31 August 1979. His mother is of half German and half Brazilian descent. Carl Philip was heir apparent to the throne of Sweden (and thus held the title Crown Prince) for seven months, until 1 January 1980 when a change in the constitution came into effect which made natural birth order the basis for succession to the throne, replacing the principle of agnatic primogeniture. His elder sister Victoria became heir apparent and Crown Princess, with Carl Philip becoming second in line. During 1984–"
},
{
"title": "Prince Carl Philip, Duke of Värmland",
"text": "1986, Prince Carl Philip attended the Västerled parish preschool. In the autumn of 1986, he started school at Smedslättsskolan in Bromma which he attended at junior level. For the intermediate level, he attended Ålstensskolan in Bromma, proceeding from there, in the autumn of 1992, to senior level at Enskilda Gymnasiet in Stockholm. In the autumn of 1994, Carl Philip enrolled at Kent School. He then continued his studies in a science programme at Lundsbergs upper secondary school. He graduated in the spring of 1999. In 2007–2008, he studied graphic design at the Rhode Island School of Design for one year. In 2011, Prince Carl Philip finished his studies in Agricultural and Rural Management at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences in Alnarp. Carl Philip has dyslexia, as do his father King Carl XVI Gustaf and his sister Crown Princess Victoria.</s><s>Interests. Prince Carl Philip has been a scout and is fond of outdoor life. He is keen on sport and athletics, especially football, swimming, sailing and skiing. In 2003, he completed the historic Swedish \"Vasaloppet\", the longest cross country ski race in the world. Carl Philip also enjoys"
},
{
"title": "Prince Carl Philip, Duke of Värmland",
"text": " car racing, a passion he inherited from his great-uncle and godfather, Prince Bertil, and has a licence to compete. Prince Carl Philip has taken part in the racing series Porsche Carrera Cup Scandinavia in a Porsche 911 GT3. Since 2013 he has raced in the Scandinavian Touring Car Championship. The prince completed his military service at the Amphibious Battalion at Vaxholm Coastal Artillery Regiment as a combat boat commander (Combat Boat 90) in the autumn of 2000. In December 2002, the Prince was promoted to second lieutenant, and in 2004 to the rank of lieutenant in the Swedish Amphibious Corps. In 2007 and 2008 he went to the Swedish National Defense College. The course was divided in three weeks autumn 2007 and three weeks spring 2008. After that course he was appointed captain. On 1 October 2014, Prince Carl Philip achieved the rank of major. With a great interest for design and drawing, the prince began studying graphic design in Stockholm in 2003, studies which he continues still.</s><s>Activities and charity work. Prince Carl Philip and Princess Sofia's Foundation was established to mark the occasion of the couple's marriage in 2015. The foundation's purpose is to counteract bullying. In 2013, the Prince Carl Philip Racing Cup was founded. The"
},
{
"title": "Prince Carl Philip, Duke of Värmland",
"text": " racing cup aims to help young people with karting talents progress within the sport. The Prince with the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences conducts a range of visits to companies, with focus on the companies' creative work. Prince Carl Philip is a patron of several organizations such as The Swedish National Dyslexia Association, The Swedish Rural Economy and Agricultural Societies, The International Union for Conservation of Nature, The Royal Swedish Motorboat Club and others.</s><s>Personal life and family. Prince Carl Philip dated Emma Pernald from 1999 to 2009. Pernald worked at a PR firm for several years. However, the prince and Pernald broke off their relationship in March 2009. She revealed in the Swedish newspaper \"Expressen\" that she and the prince mutually decided to go their separate ways. Pernald made no further comment as to the reason for the break-up. In April 2010, Carl Philip was linked in the press with former glamour model Sofia Hellqvist. In August 2010, Royal Court spokesperson Nina Eldh confirmed the relationship between Carl Philip and Hellqvist in a statement released by the palace. On 27 June 2014, it was announced that Carl Philip and Hellqvist were engaged. They married on 13 June 2015 in Stockholm's Royal Palace"
},
{
"title": "Prince Carl Philip, Duke of Värmland",
"text": " chapel, and thousands of people lined the streets for the occasion. In an interview he criticized the press for suggesting that Hellqvist was not welcome in the royal family. He told the press that the opposite was true and that his family easily accepted her into the family. He compared the \"bullying\" of her past to that of himself being bullied for having dyslexia. The couple was due to move into the Villa Solbacken which had been vacant since the death of Princess Lilian, and while it was being renovated, they lived in Rosendal Palace until 2017. The couple has three sons: - On 19 April 2016, Princess Sofia gave birth to a son, Prince Alexander Erik Hubertus Bertil, Duke of Södermanland, at Danderyd Hospital. He was baptised by Archbishop Antje Jackelén in the Palace Chapel at Drottningholm Palace on 9 September 2016. - Their second child, Prince Gabriel Carl Walter, Duke of Dalarna, was born on 31 August 2017 at Danderyd Hospital. He was baptised by Archbishop Emeritus Anders Wejryd at Drottningholm on 1 December 2017. - Their third son, Prince Julian Herbert Folke, Duke of Halland, was"
},
{
"title": "Prince Carl Philip, Duke of Värmland",
"text": " born on 26 March 2021 at Danderyd Hospital. His christening took place on 14 August 2021 in the Drottningholm Palace Chapel. On 7 October 2019, Carl Philip's father, the king, issued a statement rescinding the royal status of Prince Alexander and Prince Gabriel in an effort to more strictly associate Swedish royalty to the office of the head of state; they are still to be styled as princes and dukes of their provinces, and they remain in the line of succession to the throne. English communiqué Carl Philip and his wife commented that their sons now will have more freedom of choice for their future lives.</s><s>Honours. National honours - Knight of the Royal Order of the Seraphim (RoKavKMO) - Commander of the Royal Order of the Polar Star (KNO) - Knight of the Royal Order of Charles XIII (RCXIII:sO, not worn as Prince Carl Philip is not a Freemason) - Recipient of the King Carl XVI Gustaf's Jubilee Commemorative Medal I (30 April 1996) - Recipient of the Crown Princess Victoria and Prince Daniel's Wedding Commemorative Medal (8 June 2010) - Recipient of the King Carl XVI Gustaf's Jubilee Commemorative"
},
{
"title": "Prince Carl Philip, Duke of Värmland",
"text": " Medal II (23 August 2013) - Recipient of the King Carl XVI Gustaf's Jubilee Commemorative Medal III (30 April 2016) - Recipient of the - Recipient of the Swedish Armed Forces Conscript Medal - Recipient of the Swedish National Defence College Commemorative Medal (\"Försvarshögskolans minnesmedalj\") - Recipient of the Medal of Merit in gold (\"Fredsbaskrarna Sveriges förtjänstmedalj i guld\") (22 January 2013) Foreign honours - Bulgaria: 1st Class of the Order of the Balkan Mountains - Brazil: Grand Cross of the Order of Rio Branco - Chile: Grand Cross of the Order of Merit - Estonia: Member 1st Class of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana - Finland: Grand Cross of the Order of the White Rose - Germany: Grand Cross 1st Class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany - Greece: Grand Cross of the Order of Honour - Iceland: Grand Cross of the Order of the Falcon - Italy: 1st Class / Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (2 November 2018) - Jordan: Grand C"
},
{
"title": "Prince Carl Philip, Duke of Värmland",
"text": "ordon of the Order of the Star of Jordan - Latvia: Grand Officer of the Order of the Three Stars - Luxembourg: Grand Cross of the Order of Adolphe of Nassau - Malaysia: - Honorary Commander of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia (2005) - Netherlands: - Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown (11 October 2022) - Norway: Grand Cross of the Order of St. Olav (1 September 2005) - Spain: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Civil Merit (16 November 2021) - Romania: Grand Cross of the Order of Faithful Service - Tunisia: Grand Officer of the Order of Merit Military ranks - December 2002: Second Lieutenant - 14 December 2004: Lieutenant - December 2007: Captain - 1 October 2014: Major</s><s>Arms. Prince Carl Philip's coat of arms is based on the greater coat of arms of Sweden. It features in the first and fourth quarters, the Three Crowns; in the second, the lion of the House of Bjelbo; and in the third, the eagle of the arms of Värmland, representing the titular designation of his dukedom. In the centre, on an inescutcheon, is the dynastic arms of the House of"
},
{
"title": "Prince Carl Philip, Duke of Värmland",
"text": " Bernadotte. Surrounding the shield is the chain of the Order of the Seraphim.</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Prince Carl Philip, Duke of Värmland",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Europe/Middle East"
}
|
factscore-000328
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Chris Woakes.
|
[
{
"title": "Chris Woakes",
"text": "<s>Chris Woakes Christopher Roger Woakes (born 2 March 1989) is an English cricketer who plays internationally for England in all formats. In domestic cricket, he represents Warwickshire, and has played in multiple Twenty20 leagues, including for Kolkata Knight Riders, Royal Challengers Bangalore and Delhi Capitals in the Indian Premier League. Woakes made his One Day International (ODI) and Twenty20 International (T20I) debuts in 2011, and Test debut in 2013. He was part of the England teams that won the 2019 Cricket World Cup and 2022 T20 World Cup. Woakes plays as a right-handed all-rounder, bowling fast medium.</s><s>Early life. Woakes was born in March 1989 in Birmingham, and attended Barr Beacon Language College in Walsall from 2000 to 2007. He began playing cricket when he was seven years old with Aston Manor Cricket Club. He played three games in the 2006 Minor Counties Trophy for Herefordshire County Cricket Club, and played for Warwickshire's under-15, under-17, academy and Second XI teams between 2004 and 2007. Woakes is an avid supporter of local football club Aston Villa F.C. He was a trainee footballer with Walsall F"
},
{
"title": "Chris Woakes",
"text": ".C. as a winger until the age of 14.</s><s>Career. Woakes represented Warwickshire in one match during the 2006 season, during a West Indian tour of England. Woakes picked up three wickets in the match. He has since represented Warwickshire in the Second XI Championship. He was a regular for the Warwickshire First XI in 2008. He took 42 wickets at an average of 20.57 runs per wicket over the course of the County Championship season, topping Warwickshire's bowling averages. On 6 April 2009, Woakes was called up to the England Lions squad. Woakes made his Lions debut against the West Indies, taking of 6/43 in the first innings of the match. During the same season he scored 131 not out against Hampshire, his maiden first-class century, batting at number nine and sharing a 222-run partnership with Jonathan Trott. Woakes claimed his 200th first-class wicket in Warwickshire's victory over Sussex in the County Championship in July 2011. In the 2017 Indian Premier League auction, Woakes was bought by Kolkata Knight Riders, going on to take 17 wickets in 13 matches, with best figures of 3/6. In"
},
{
"title": "Chris Woakes",
"text": " the 2018 IPL auction, he was bought by Royal Challengers Bangalore, playing in five matches and taking eight wickets in the 2018 IPL. He was released by RCB ahead of the 2019 IPL auction, where he went unsold. In the 2020 IPL auction, he was bought by Delhi Capitals ahead of the 2020 Indian Premier League, but pulled out of the tournament. Chris Woakes has pulled out of IPL 2020 to keep himself fresh for England Test season. He was retained by Delhi for the 2021 season. Woakes made his Delhi Capitals debut vs CSK in match 2 of IPL 2021. In April 2022, he was bought by the Birmingham Phoenix for the 2022 season of The Hundred.</s><s>International career. Woakes made his International Twenty20 debut on 12 January 2011 against Australia in Adelaide. Opening the bowling, he took figures of 1/34 and later scored the winning runs. He featured throughout the one-day matches on the tour, and in his second One Day International took figures of 6/45. Woakes returned to the England set up in 2012 during an ODI series against South Africa and continued to feature in the one-day side against India and New Zealand later in the year. Woakes made his Test match debut against"
},
{
"title": "Chris Woakes",
"text": " Australia in the final Test of the 2013 Ashes series, taking 1/96 in the first innings. After being named in squads against Sri Lanka and India, Woakes played his first Test of the 2014 summer in the third Test against India. He was an integral part of England's ODI side, playing all four matches and was selected in the ODI squad that toured Sri Lanka towards the end of 2014. England toured without injured senior bowlers Stuart Broad and James Anderson, meaning Woakes was trusted with the new ball. He took figures of 6/47 in the fifth match of the series, a bowling spell which was nominated to be one of the best ODI bowling performance of the year by ESPNCricinfo. He was part of the England side for the 2015 Cricket World Cup, although injury ruled him out of England's final match of the tournament. After the injury, Woakes returned for the ODI series against Australia and Pakistan and the Test side against South Africa in 2015/16. On 21 June 2016, he scored his highest ODI score of unbeaten 95 runs in the first ODI against Sri Lanka. His score is the joint highest ODI score by number eight or lower in ODI history, a record that he shares with fellow Englishman, Sam"
},
{
"title": "Chris Woakes",
"text": " Curran. He made his first Test century against India (137 not out) at Lord's in August 2018, the ground where two years earlier he had his best match figures with the ball of 11/102 against Pakistan. These feats earned him a position on both Lord's honours boards, one of only ten players to achieve this, and the fifth to do so by taking ten wickets in a match. He has continued to feature in England's one-day and Test squads, and in April 2019 was named in England's squad for the 2019 Cricket World Cup. He was named the Player of the Match in the World Cup semi-final against Australia, taking three wickets to see England through to the World Cup Final against New Zealand, the teams first appearance in a final since 1992. Woakes again took three wickets in the final as England won the tournament. On 17 June 2020, Woakes was included in England's 30-man squad to start training behind closed doors for the Test series against the West Indies, and was later named in England's thirteen-man squad for the first Test match of the series. In the second Test, Woakes took his 100th wicket in Test matches. Chris Woakes reached 150 ODI wickets of his career"
},
{
"title": "Chris Woakes",
"text": " by taking wicket of Pathum Nissanka in 1st ODI of Sri Lanka tour of England, 2021 In September 2021, Woakes was named in England's squad for the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup. In September 2022, Woakes was named in England's squad for the 2022 ICC Men's T20 World Cup. Woakes played in every game for England who went on to win the tournament, beating Pakistan in the final. Woakes is one of 6 players to play in both the 2019 ODI and 2022 T20 world cup winning squads.</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Chris Woakes",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Europe/Middle East"
}
|
factscore-000329
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Aleksandar Kolarov.
|
[
{
"title": "Aleksandar Kolarov",
"text": "<s>Aleksandar Kolarov Aleksandar Kolarov (; born 10 November 1985) is a Serbian former professional footballer who played as a left back. Kolarov began his career at Red Star Belgrade, but he did not break through and moved onto Čukarički in 2004. Two years later, he joined OFK Beograd before moving abroad for the first time by signing for Lazio in Serie A, where he won the Coppa Italia and Supercoppa Italiana in 2009. In 2010, he joined Manchester City, with which he won two Premier League titles, the FA Cup and the League Cup. He returned to Serie A in 2017 and saw out the remaining five years of his career with Roma and Inter Milan. Kolarov made his senior international debut for Serbia in 2008 and earned 94 caps. Kolarov was a member of Serbia's squads for the 2008 Olympics, 2010 FIFA World Cup and the 2018 FIFA World Cup. He was named Serbian Player of the Year in 2011.</s><s>Club career. Kolarov's football career started in the Red Star Belgrade youth system. He later joined the youth system of Obilić.</s><s>Club career.:Čukarički. In"
},
{
"title": "Aleksandar Kolarov",
"text": " 2004, 18-year-old Kolarov moved across Belgrade to Čukarički, which played in the top-tier Serbia-Montenegro League. Signing a three-year contract, he finished the 2003–04 season in the club's youth setup and during the summer of 2004 was introduced to the first-team squad. Making 27 league appearances in his debut season, the youngster left a good impression but could not help the beleaguered team avoid relegation. Kolarov started the 2005–06 campaign for Čukarički in the second-tier league competition, but during the winter break controversially transferred to top-tier league club OFK Beograd.</s><s>Club career.:OFK Beograd. Kolarov joined OFK Beograd in February 2006 and finished out the season with them, scoring his first league goal.</s><s>Club career.:Lazio. In the summer of 2007, OFK Beograd sold Kolarov to Italian side Lazio (the third placed team in previous season's Serie A standings) for a €925,000 transfer fee. Kolarov's first goal for Lazio came at the Stadio Oreste Granillo in Reggio Cal"
},
{
"title": "Aleksandar Kolarov",
"text": "abria on 30 September 2007, as he hit a rocket from 38 metres to secure a draw against lowly Reggina. During his first season in Rome, the 21-year-old Serb also participated in the UEFA Champions League for the first time, making his debut on 24 October 2007 away at Werder Bremen in a 2–1 victory. In his second season in Italy, Kolarov established himself as Lazio's first choice at left back, scoring a spectacular goal against Lecce at the Stadio Via del Mare. It got even better for the Serbian in the second \"Derby della Capitale\" of the season, against city rivals Roma. With Lazio 3–2 up, Kolarov received the ball in defence from goalkeeper Fernando Muslera and proceeded to run the length of the pitch virtually unopposed. Having run 85 metres, Kolarov then slotted the ball past a helpless Doni in the Roma goal. On 13 May 2009, Kolarov played in the 2009 Coppa Italia Final against Sampdoria. The match finished 1–1 after extra time, and Kolarov scored one of Lazio's penalties in the resultant penalty shoot-out, helping Lazio win the trophy"
},
{
"title": "Aleksandar Kolarov",
"text": " and capping a great season for the Serbian. Lazio and 2008–09 Serie A champions Inter Milan travelled to Beijing in August 2009 to play the 2009 Supercoppa Italiana. Kolarov picked up his second winner's medal, with Lazio defeating Inter 2–1. As the 2009–10 season drew to an end, Kolarov was instantly linked with a move away from Lazio, with Manchester City and Real Madrid supposedly interested.</s><s>Club career.:Manchester City. On 24 July 2010, it was announced that Kolarov had signed for Manchester City for a reported £16 million transfer fee. On 14 August, Kolarov made his Premier League debut in the 0–0 draw against Tottenham Hotspur at White Hart Lane. On 18 January 2011, Kolarov scored his first goal for the club in a 4–2 victory over Leicester City in the FA Cup, while on 2 February 2011, Kolarov recorded his first Premier League goal from a free kick in a 2–2 draw against Birmingham City. He played the full 90 minutes as City won the 2011 FA Cup Final. The summer 2011 arrival of Gaël Clichy to the club marginalized Kolarov's role in the squad and he saw his first team opportunities"
},
{
"title": "Aleksandar Kolarov",
"text": " greatly reduced. On 14 September 2011, he scored an equaliser for City in the 1–1 draw against Napoli in their first 2011–12 Champions League group stage match. On 1 October 2011, he started and played the full 90 minutes in the left-back slot against Blackburn Rovers at Ewood Park in a 0–4 away victory in the Premier League. On 31 March 2012, he added another with a long-range swing which earned City a point against Sunderland at home, after coming back from 3–1 down. He ended that season with 12 league appearances, enough for a medal, as Manchester City won the 2011–12 Premier League title in dramatic circumstances on the last day of the season. On 18 September 2012, he scored a free kick in a 3–2 Champions League defeat at Real Madrid. He went on to score in the League Cup loss to Aston Villa, while in their match against Sunderland, he scored another free-kick just five minutes into the match. Kolarov scored from the penalty spot in City's 3–2 comeback victory over Bayern Munich in the final match of their Champions League group stage on 10 December 2013, securing his side a spot in the knockout stages of the Champions League for the first time in club history. He"
},
{
"title": "Aleksandar Kolarov",
"text": " scored his only league goal of the 2013–14 season on 1 January 2014, netting past goalkeeper Gerhard Tremmel as City defeated Swansea City by a score of 3–2. On 11 May, he won his second Premier League trophy with Manchester City after making 30 appearances in the league, and 44 in all competitions. In June 2014, Kolarov signed a new three-year deal with City, keeping him at the club until 2017.</s><s>Club career.:Roma. On 22 July 2017, Roma confirmed they had signed Kolarov on a three-year deal for a fee of €5 million. Kolarov scored on his debut for the club on 20 August, scoring the winning goal in a 1–0 win over Atalanta. On 18 October, in the UEFA Champions League, he scored in a 3–3 draw with Chelsea. Four days later, he scored the winning goal in a 1–0 win over Torino. On 26 September, Kolarov scored his first goal of the 2018–19 season in a 4–0 win over Frosinone. On 29 September, he scored against his former club and city rivals Lazio in a 3–1 win, becoming just the second player in history to have scored for"
},
{
"title": "Aleksandar Kolarov",
"text": " both clubs in a Rome derby.</s><s>Club career.:Inter Milan. On 8 September 2020, Kolarov joined Inter Milan on a reported one-year deal, with an option to extend for a further year, for a fee of €1.5 million. On 19 June 2022, Kolarov announced his retirement from professional football.</s><s>International career. Kolarov was a part of the successful Serbia under-21 side which reached the final of the 2007 U-21 Championships held in the Netherlands. As a key member of that side, Kolarov was named in the UEFA Team of the tournament. In the semi-final clash with Belgium, he scored a free-kick from long range. In June 2010, he was selected in Serbia's squad for the 2010 FIFA World Cup, where he appeared in group stage matches against Ghana and Germany. Kolarov played a major roles in UEFA Euro 2012 qualifiers and friendlies. Kolarov was eventually rewarded for an impressive 2011 with the Serbian Footballer of the Year award. On 11 September 2012, Kolarov scored his first goal for Serbia during a 6–1 win against Wales in a 2014 World Cup qualifier. On 7 June 2013, he scored from a free kick against Belgium in a 2014 World"
},
{
"title": "Aleksandar Kolarov",
"text": " Cup qualifier. On 7 September 2014, he scored the equalizer in a 1–1 draw with France. Having helped Serbia qualify for the 2018 FIFA World Cup, their first international tournament for eight years, he was also included in the final 23-man squad for that competition. Kolarov scored the only goal of their opening match against Costa Rica from a free kick. He captained Serbia in all three group stage matches.</s><s>Style of play. Although primarily a left-back, Kolarov could also operate as a centre-back and anywhere along the left flank and was known for his overlapping attacking runs on the wing, his powerful ball-striking ability with his left foot, and his accuracy from free kicks.</s><s>Career statistics.</s><s>Career statistics.:International. \"Score and results list Serbia's goal tally first\"</s><s>Honours. Lazio - Coppa Italia: 2008–09 - Supercoppa Italiana: 2009 Manchester City - Premier League: 2011–12, 2013–14 - FA Cup: 2010–11; runner-up: 2012–13 - Football League Cup: 2013–14, 2015–16 - FA Community Shield: 2012 Inter Milan - Serie A: 2020–21 - Supercoppa Italian"
},
{
"title": "Aleksandar Kolarov",
"text": "a: 2021 Serbia U21 - UEFA European Under-21 Championship runner-up: 2007 Individual - Serbian Player of the Year: 2011 - Serie A Team of the Year: 2018–19 - A.S. Roma Team of the Decade: 2010–2020</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Aleksandar Kolarov",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Europe/Middle East"
}
|
factscore-000330
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Thomas Piketty.
|
[
{
"title": "Thomas Piketty",
"text": "<s>Thomas Piketty Thomas Piketty (; born 7 May 1971) is a French economist who is Professor of Economics at the School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences, Associate Chair at the Paris School of Economics and Centennial Professor of Economics in the International Inequalities Institute at the London School of Economics. Piketty's work focuses on public economics, in particular income and wealth inequality. He is the author of the best-selling book \"Capital in the Twenty-First Century\" (2013), which emphasises the themes of his work on wealth concentrations and distribution over the past 250 years. The book argues that the rate of capital return in developed countries is persistently greater than the rate of economic growth, and that this will cause wealth inequality to increase in the future. Piketty proposes improving the education systems and considers diffusion of knowledge, diffusion of skills, diffusion of idea of productivity as the main mechanism that will lead to lower inequality. In 2019, his book \"Capital and Ideology\" was published, which focuses on income inequality in various societies in history. His 2022 \"A Brief History of Equality\" is a much shorter book about wealth redistribution intended for a target audience of citizens not economists.</s><s>Early life and education. Piketty was"
},
{
"title": "Thomas Piketty",
"text": " born in the Parisian suburb of Clichy, Hauts-de-Seine. His parents had been involved with a Trotskyist group and the May 1968 protests in Paris but they had moved away from this political position before Piketty was born. A visit to the Soviet Union in 1991 was enough to make him a firm \"believe[r] in capitalism, private property and the market\". Piketty earned an S-stream (scientific) Baccalauréat, and after taking scientific preparatory classes, he entered the École Normale Supérieure (ENS) at the age of 18 where he studied mathematics and economics. At the age of 22, Piketty was awarded his PhD for a thesis on wealth redistribution, which he wrote at the London School of Economics (LSE) and EHESS under Roger Guesnerie and winning the French Economics Association's award for the best thesis of the year.</s><s>Career. After earning his PhD, Piketty taught from 1993 to 1995 as an assistant professor in the Department of Economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 1995, he joined the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) as a researcher, and in 2000 he became a professor ("
},
{
"title": "Thomas Piketty",
"text": "directeur d'études) at EHESS. Piketty won the 2002 prize for the best young economist in France, and according to a list dated 11 November 2003, he is a member of the scientific orientation board of the association \"À gauche, en Europe\", founded by Michel Rocard and Dominique Strauss-Kahn. In 2006, Piketty became the first head of the Paris School of Economics, which he helped set up. He left after a few months to serve as an economic advisor to Socialist Party candidate Ségolène Royal during the French presidential campaign. Piketty resumed teaching at the EHESS and Paris School of Economics in 2007. He is a columnist for the French newspaper \"Libération\" and regularly writes op-eds for \"Le Monde\". In April 2012, Piketty co-authored along with 42 colleagues an open letter in support of then socialist party candidate for the French presidency François Hollande. Hollande won the contest against the incumbent Nicolas Sarkozy in May of that year. Piketty was unimpressed by Hollande's tenure, later describing him as \"hopeless\". In 2013, Piketty won the biennial Yrjö Jahnsson Award, for the economist under"
},
{
"title": "Thomas Piketty",
"text": " age 45 who has \"made a contribution in theoretical and applied research that is significant to the study of economics in Europe.\" In January 2015, he rejected the French Legion of Honour order, stating that he refused the nomination because he did not think it was the government's role to decide who is honourable. On 27 September 2015, it was announced that he had been appointed to the British Labour Party's Economic Advisory Committee, convened by Shadow Chancellor John McDonnell and reporting to Labour Party Leader Jeremy Corbyn. The appointment of Piketty, who had previously advised Lord Wood, key policy advisor to former Labour Party Leader Ed Miliband, that tax rates could be raised above 50% for earnings over one million pounds without it impacting the economy, was seen as a particular coup for the Labour Party leadership due to his breakthrough success in the mainstream publishing world. Regarding this appointment he stated that he was very happy to take part and assist the Labour Party in constructing an economic policy that helps tackle some of the biggest issues facing people in the UK and that there was a brilliant opportunity for the Labour party to construct a fresh and new political economy which will expose austerity for the failure it has been in the UK and Europe, although he reportedly failed to attend the first meeting. In June 2016, he resigned from his"
},
{
"title": "Thomas Piketty",
"text": " role in Labour's Economic Advisory Committee, citing concerns over the weak campaign the party had run in the EU referendum. On 2 October 2015, Piketty received an honorary doctorate from the University of Johannesburg and on 3 October 2015 he delivered the 13th Annual Nelson Mandela Lecture at the University of Johannesburg. In 2015, Piketty was also elected an international member of the American Philosophical Society. On 11 February 2017, it was announced that he had joined the socialist Benoît Hamon's campaign team in the latter's presidential run. He took in charge of EU matters, and more precisely, the Fiscal Stability Treaty (or TSCG), while Julia Cagé was responsible for the candidate's economic and fiscal platform. Piketty expressed his view that the TSCG should be renegotiated in order to introduce a eurozone assembly, composed of members of EU's parliaments – a \"democratic government\", he said, in comparison with the current system which he views as a \"huis clos\" (a \"private, closed-door discussion\", an \"in camera\" arrangement). Such change would currently require unanimous approval of all EU members, and Piketty has suggested that a change of rules might be necessary, saying that if countries"
},
{
"title": "Thomas Piketty",
"text": " representing 80% of EU's population or GDP ratify a treaty, it should be approved. He is also in favour of a \"credible and bold basic income\", which is one of Benoit Hamon's key proposals, although their views on the matter are different. The call in which Piketty and other economic researchers argue for their version of the basic income has been criticised as not \"universal\", a criticism he answered on his blog. Thomas Piketty joined the London School of Economics (LSE) in 2015 as the distinguished Centennial Professor. Piketty continues his research as part of the LSE International Inequalities Institute. His economic research focusses mainly on wealth inequalities and the use of capital in the 21st century. Piketty has long-standing ties to the London School of Economics and he completed his PhD studies at the university in the early 1990s. In addition to his research, Piketty also teaches post-graduate students at the LSE. His teaching and research approach is inter-disciplinary and he has been involved in the teaching of the new MSc degree in Inequalities and Social Science at the London School of Economics.</s><s>Research. Piketty specializes in economic inequality, taking a historic and statistical approach"
},
{
"title": "Thomas Piketty",
"text": ". His work looks at the rate of capital accumulation in relation to economic growth over a two hundred year spread from the nineteenth century to the present. His novel use of tax records enabled him to gather data on the very top economic elite, who had previously been understudied, and to ascertain their rate of accumulation of wealth and how this compared to the rest of society and economy. His 2013 book \"Capital in the Twenty-First Century\", relies on economic data going back 250 years to show that an ever-rising concentration of wealth is not self-correcting. To address this problem, he proposes redistribution through a progressive global tax on wealth.</s><s>Research.:Study of long-term economic inequalities. A research project on high incomes in France led to the book \"Les hauts revenus en France au XXe siècle\" (\"High incomes in France in the 20th Century\", Grasset, 2001), which was based on a survey of statistical series covering the whole of the 20th century, built from data from the fiscal services (particularly income tax declarations). He extended this analysis in his immensely popular book \"Le Capital au XXIe siècle\" (\"Capital in the Twenty-First Century\"). A study by Emmanuel Saez and Piketty showed that"
},
{
"title": "Thomas Piketty",
"text": " the top 10 percent of earners took more than half of the country's total income in 2012, the highest level recorded since the government began collecting the relevant data a century ago.</s><s>Research.:Survey on the evolution of inequalities in France. Piketty's work shows that differences in earnings dropped sharply during the 20th century in France, mostly after World War II. He argues that this was due to a decrease in estate inequalities, while wage inequalities remained stable. The shrinking inequality during this period, Piketty says, resulted from a highly progressive income tax after the war, which upset the dynamics of estate accumulation by reducing the surplus money available for saving by the wealthiest. The normative conclusion Piketty draws is that a tax cut and thus a decrease in the financial contribution to society of the wealthy that has been happening in France since the late 1990s will assist in the rebuilding of the earlier large fortunes of the rentier class. This trend will lead to the rise of what he calls patrimonial capitalism, in which a few families control most of the wealth. Through a statistical survey, Piketty also showed that the Laffer effect, which claims that high marginal tax rates on top incomes are an incentive for the rich to work less, was probably negligible in the"
},
{
"title": "Thomas Piketty",
"text": " case of France.</s><s>Research.:Comparative work. Piketty has done comparative work on inequality in other developed countries. In collaboration with other economists, particularly Emmanuel Saez, he built a statistical series based on a similar method used in his studies of France. This research led to reports on the evolution of inequalities in the US, and on economic dynamics in the English-speaking world and continental Europe. Saez won the prestigious John Bates Clark prize for this work. The surveys found that following the Second World War, after initially undergoing a decrease in economic inequality similar to that in continental Europe, English-speaking countries have, over the past thirty years, experienced increasing inequalities.</s><s>Research.:A critic of the Kuznets curve. Piketty's work has been discussed as a critical continuation of the pioneering work of Simon Kuznets in the 1950s. According to Kuznets, the long-term evolution of earnings inequalities was shaped as a curve (Kuznets curve). Growth started at the beginning of the industrial revolution, and slackened off later due to the reallocation of the labor force from low productivity sectors like agriculture to higher productivity sectors like industry. According to Piketty, the tendency observed by Kuznets in the early 1950s"
},
{
"title": "Thomas Piketty",
"text": " is not necessarily a product of deep economic forces (e.g. sectoral spillover or the effects of technological progress). Instead, estate values, rather than wage inequalities, decreased, and they did so for reasons that were not specifically economic (for example, the creation of income tax). Consequently, the decrease would not necessarily continue, and in fact, inequalities have grown sharply in the United States over the last thirty years, returning to their 1930s level.</s><s>Research.:Other work. Besides these surveys, which make up the core of his work, Piketty has published in other areas, often with a connection to economic inequalities. His work on schools, for example, postulates that disparities among different schools, especially class sizes, are a cause for the persistence of inequalities in wages and the economy. He has also published proposals for changes in the French pension system and the French tax system. In a 2018 paper, Piketty suggested that throughout the Western world, political parties of both the left and the right have been captured by the \"elites\".</s><s>Research.:\"Capital in the Twenty-First Century\". \"Capital in the Twenty-First Century\", published in 2013, focuses on wealth and income inequality in Europe and the US since the 18th century"
},
{
"title": "Thomas Piketty",
"text": ". The book's central thesis is that inequality is not an accident but rather a feature of capitalism that can be reversed only through state intervention. The book thus argues that unless capitalism is reformed, the very democratic order will be threatened. The book reached number one on \"The New York Times\" bestselling hardcover nonfiction list from 18 May 2014. Piketty offered a \"possible remedy: a global tax on wealth\". In 2014, he was awarded the British Academy Medal for this book.</s><s>Research.:\"Capital and Ideology\". \"Capital and Ideology\", a book published in 2019, is a successor to \"Capital in the Twenty-First Century\" in its themes of inequality of income and wealth. It argues it is necessary to examine the ideological systems which attempted to justify the forms of inequality specific to different institutional configurations, and how these have had an impact, through fiscal and economic policy, on the distribution of wealth and income. Piketty argues that various ideologies arise to defend inequality, and wealth is diverted to sustain these ideologies. The book contains significant material dedicated to prescriptions for reducing inequality of wealth and income, such as a wealth tax, and to sustaining ideological support for such fiscal and economic policies. This work was well received, but some critics considered Pik"
},
{
"title": "Thomas Piketty",
"text": "etty's work too vague. In particular, Nicolas Brisset criticized his definitions and analyses of \"ideology\" and \"capitalism\" for being too weak. \"Cleveland Review of Books\" praised the book, saying it \"utilizes historical, political, and philosophical analysis to provide a sweeping and detailed account of the ideological context behind how what he calls “inequality regimes” sustain themselves.\"</s><s>Research.:\"A Brief History of Equality\". His 2022 A Brief History of Equality is a much shorter book about wealth redistribution intended for a target audience of citizens not economists, in which he traced a history of equality from 1780 to 2020. In 2022, Piketty was interviewed about the book for New Books Network.</s><s>Personal life. Thomas Piketty was the partner of the politician Aurélie Filippetti. She withdrew her complaint to the police after he acknowledged facts of domestic violence in 2009. Additionally, he was later condemned of libel against her in 2022. He is married to fellow economist Julia Cagé.</s><s>Selected works and publications. - In French - \"Les hauts revenus face aux modifications des taux marginaux supérieurs de l’impôt sur le revenu en"
},
{
"title": "Thomas Piketty",
"text": " France, 1970–1996\" (Document de Travail du CEPREMAP, n° 9812, July 1998) - \"Inégalités économiques\": report to the Counsel of Economic Analysis (14 June 2001) with Tony Atkinson, and Lucile Olier - \"Les hauts revenus en France au XXème siècle, Inégalités et redistribution, 1901–1998\" (ed. Grasset, September 2001) - \"Fiscalité et redistribution sociale dans la France du XXe siècle\" (October 2001) - \"L'économie des inégalités\" (ed. La Découverte, April 2004) - \"Vive la gauche américaine! : Chroniques 1998–2004\" (Éditions de l'Aube, September 2004) - \"Pour un nouveau système de retraite : Des comptes individuels de cotisations financés par répartition\" (Éditions Rue d'Ulm/CEPREMAP, 2008) with Antoine Bozio - \"On the Long run evolution of inheritance. France, 1820–2050"
},
{
"title": "Thomas Piketty",
"text": "\" (PSE Working Paper, 2010) - \"Pour une révolution fiscale\" (ed. Le Seuil, 2011) with Emmanuel Saez and Camille Landais - \"Peut-on sauver l'Europe? Chroniques 2004–2012\" (Les Liens qui Libèrent, 2012) - \"Le Capital au XXIe siècle\" (Seuil, 2013) - \"Capital et idéologie\" (Seuil, 2019) - \"Une brève histoire de l'égalité\", Paris: Ed. du Seuil, 2021, 350p. - In English - - - \"Capital in the Twenty-First Century\" (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2014) - \"About Capital in the Twenty-First Century\" (AER, 2015) - \"Carbon and Inequality: from Kyoto to Paris\" (L. Chancel, T. Piketty, PSE, 2015) - \"Chronicles: On Our Troubled Times\" (Viking, 2016) - \"Why Save the Bankers? And Other Essays on Our Economic and Political Crisis\" (Houghton Mifflin Har"
},
{
"title": "Thomas Piketty",
"text": "court, 2016) - \"Top Incomes in France in the Twentieth Century: Inequality and Redistribution, 1901–1998\" (Harvard University Press, 2018) - \"Capital and Ideology\" (Harvard University Press, 2020) - \"Time for Socialism: Dispatches from a World on Fire, 2016-2021\" (Yale University Press, 2021) - \"The western elite is preventing us from going after the assets of Russia's hyper-rich\" (\"The Guardian\", 16 March 2022). - \"A Brief History of Equality\", Harvard University Press, 2022, 274p. Data,</s><s>See also. - Capital accumulation - Criticism of capitalism - Everything bubble - Tax haven</s><s>Further reading. - Coopersmith, Jonathan, and Andrew Popp. \"Piketty amongst the historians: Introduction to a symposium on Thomas Piketty's Capital and Ideology\" \"History Compass\" (April 2022) 20#4 e12724; https://doi.org/10.1111/hic3.12724 special issue with 7 articles on Piketty's ideas. - John, Richard RE. \"Political contestation and the Second Great Divergence\" \"History Compass\" (April 2022)"
},
{
"title": "Thomas Piketty",
"text": " 20#4 https://doi.org/10.1111/hic3.12722 - Lachmann, Richard, and Peter Brandon. \"Piketty and the Political Origins of Inequality.\" \"Comparative Studies in Society and History\" 63.3 (2021): 752-764. - McCloskey, Deirdre Nansen. “Piketty Deserves Some Praise.” in \"Why Liberalism Works: How True Liberal Values Produce a Freer, More Equal, Prosperous World for All\" (Yale University Press, 2019), pp. 165–68, online - McGaughey, Ewan. \"From ‘capital and Ideology’ to ‘democracy and Evidence’: A Review of Thomas Piketty.\" \"Œconomia. History, Methodology, Philosophy\" 11#1 (2021): 171-189 online. - Nealon, Jeffrey T. “Biopolitics, Marxism, and Piketty’s Capital in the Twenty-First Century.” in \"Fates of the Performative: From the Linguistic Turn to the New Materialism\" (U of Minnesota Press, 2021), pp. 95–"
},
{
"title": "Thomas Piketty",
"text": "118, online - Raoult, Sacha, et al. “A Prophet in His Hometown? The Academic Reception of Thomas Piketty’s ‘Capital in the Twenty-First Century’ Across Disciplines in France and in the United States.” \"American Sociologist\" 48#3/4, (2017), pp. 453–75, online - Roine, Jesper. “Four key insights.” in \"Pocket Piketty: A Handy Guide to Capital in the Twenty-First Century\" (2017), pp. 32–41, online - Sutch, Richard. “The One Percent across Two Centuries: A Replication of Thomas Piketty’s Data on the Concentration of Wealth in the United States.” \"Social Science History\" 41#4 (2017), pp. 587–613, online</s>"
}
] |
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Question: Tell me a bio of Cicero.
|
[
{
"title": "Cicero",
"text": "<s>Cicero Marcus Tullius Cicero ( ; ; 3 January 106 BC – 7 December 43 BC) was a Roman statesman, lawyer, scholar, philosopher, and academic skeptic, who tried to uphold optimate principles during the political crises that led to the establishment of the Roman Empire. His extensive writings include treatises on rhetoric, philosophy and politics. He is considered one of Rome's greatest orators and prose stylists. He came from a wealthy municipal family of the Roman equestrian order, and served as consul in 63 BC. His influence on the Latin language was immense. He wrote more than three-quarters of extant Latin literature that is known to have existed in his lifetime, and it has been said that subsequent prose was either a reaction against or a return to his style, not only in Latin but in European languages up to the 19th century. Cicero introduced into Latin the arguments of the chief schools of Hellenistic philosophy and created a Latin philosophical vocabulary with neologisms such as,,,, and, distinguishing himself as a translator and philosopher. Though he was an accomplished orator and successful lawyer, Cicero believed his political career was his most important achievement. It was during his consulship that the Cat"
},
{
"title": "Cicero",
"text": "iline conspiracy attempted to overthrow the government through an attack on the city by outside forces, and Cicero suppressed the revolt by summarily and controversially executing five conspirators without trial. During the chaotic middle period of the first century BC, marked by civil wars and the dictatorship of Julius Caesar, Cicero championed a return to the traditional republican government. Following Caesar's death, Cicero became an enemy of Mark Antony in the ensuing power struggle, attacking him in a series of speeches. He was proscribed as an enemy of the state by the Second Triumvirate and consequently executed by soldiers operating on their behalf in 43 BC having been intercepted during an attempted flight from the Italian peninsula. His severed hands and head were then, as a final revenge of Mark Antony, displayed on the Rostra. Petrarch's rediscovery of Cicero's letters is often credited for initiating the 14th-century Renaissance in public affairs, humanism, and classical Roman culture. According to Polish historian Tadeusz Zieliński, \"the Renaissance was above all things a revival of Cicero, and only after him and through him of the rest of Classical antiquity.\" The peak of Cicero's authority and prestige came during the 18th-century Enlightenment,"
},
{
"title": "Cicero",
"text": " and his impact on leading Enlightenment thinkers and political theorists such as John Locke, David Hume, Montesquieu, and Edmund Burke was substantial. His works rank among the most influential in global culture, and today still constitute one of the most important bodies of primary material for the writing and revision of Roman history, especially the last days of the Roman Republic.{{cite book</s><s>Personal life.</s><s>Personal life.:Early life. Marcus Tullius Cicero was born on 3 January 106 BC in Arpinum, a hill town southeast of Rome. He belonged to the \"tribus\" Cornelia. His father was a well-to-do member of the equestrian order and possessed good connections in Rome. However, being a semi-invalid, he could not enter public life and studied extensively to compensate. Although little is known about Cicero's mother, Helvia, it was common for the wives of important Roman citizens to be responsible for the management of the household. Cicero's brother Quintus wrote in a letter that she was a thrifty housewife. Cicero's cognomen, or personal surname, comes from the Latin for chickpea,. Plutarch explains that the name was originally given to one of Cicero"
},
{
"title": "Cicero",
"text": "'s ancestors who had a cleft in the tip of his nose resembling a chickpea. However, it is more likely that Cicero's ancestors prospered through the cultivation and sale of chickpeas. Romans often chose down-to-earth personal surnames. The famous family names of Fabius, Lentulus, and Piso come from the Latin names of beans, lentils, and peas, respectively. Plutarch writes that Cicero was urged to change this deprecatory name when he entered politics, but refused, saying that he would make \"Cicero\" more glorious than \"Scaurus\" (\"Swollen-ankled\") and \"Catulus\" (\"Puppy\"). During this period in Roman history, \"cultured\" meant being able to speak both Latin and Greek. Cicero was therefore educated in the teachings of the ancient Greek philosophers, poets and historians; as he obtained much of his understanding of the theory and practice of rhetoric from the Greek poet Archias and from the Greek rhetorician Apollonius. Cicero used his knowledge of Greek to translate many of the theoretical concepts of Greek philosophy into Latin, thus translating Greek philosophical works for a larger audience. It was precisely his broad education that tied him to the traditional"
},
{
"title": "Cicero",
"text": " Roman elite. Cicero's interest in philosophy figured heavily in his later career and led to him providing a comprehensive account of Greek philosophy for a Roman audience, including creating a philosophical vocabulary in Latin. In 87 BC, Philo of Larissa, the head of the Platonic Academy that had been founded by Plato in Athens about 300 years earlier, arrived in Rome. Cicero, \"inspired by an extraordinary zeal for philosophy\", sat enthusiastically at his feet and absorbed Carneades' Academic Skeptic philosophy. Cicero said of Plato's Dialogues, that if Zeus were to speak, he would use their language. He would, in due course, honor them with his own convivial dialogues. According to Plutarch, Cicero was an extremely talented student, whose learning attracted attention from all over Rome, affording him the opportunity to study Roman law under Quintus Mucius Scaevola. Cicero's fellow students were Gaius Marius Minor, Servius Sulpicius Rufus (who became a famous lawyer, one of the few whom Cicero considered superior to himself in legal matters), and Titus Pomponius. The latter two became Cicero's friends for life, and Pomponius (who later received the nickname"
},
{
"title": "Cicero",
"text": " \"Atticus\", and whose sister married Cicero's brother) would become, in Cicero's own words, \"as a second brother\", with both maintaining a lifelong correspondence. In 79 BC, Cicero left for Greece, Asia Minor and Rhodes. This was perhaps to avoid the potential wrath of Sulla, as Plutarch claims, though Cicero himself says it was to hone his skills and improve his physical fitness. In Athens he studied philosophy with Antiochus of Ascalon, the 'Old Academic' and initiator of Middle Platonism. In Asia Minor, he met the leading orators of the region and continued to study with them. Cicero then journeyed to Rhodes to meet his former teacher, Apollonius Molon, who had previously taught him in Rome. Molon helped Cicero hone the excesses in his style, as well as train his body and lungs for the demands of public speaking. Charting a middle path between the competing Attic and Asiatic styles, Cicero would ultimately become considered second only to Demosthenes among history's orators.</s><s>Personal life.:Family. Cicero married Terentia probably at the age of 27, in 79 BC. According to the upper class mores of"
},
{
"title": "Cicero",
"text": " the day it was a marriage of convenience, but lasted harmoniously for nearly 30 years. Terentia's family was wealthy, probably the plebeian noble house of Terenti Varrones, thus meeting the needs of Cicero's political ambitions in both economic and social terms. She had a half-sister named Fabia, who as a child had become a Vestal Virgin, a great honour. Terentia was a strong willed woman and (citing Plutarch) \"she took more interest in her husband's political career than she allowed him to take in household affairs.\" In the 50s BC, Cicero's letters to Terentia became shorter and colder. He complained to his friends that Terentia had betrayed him but did not specify in which sense. Perhaps the marriage could not outlast the strain of the political upheaval in Rome, Cicero's involvement in it, and various other disputes between the two. The divorce appears to have taken place in 51 BC or shortly before. In 46 or 45 BC, Cicero married a young girl, Publilia, who had been his ward. It is thought that Cicero needed her money, particularly after having to repay the dowry of Terentia, who came from a wealthy"
},
{
"title": "Cicero",
"text": " family. This marriage did not last long. Although his marriage to Terentia was one of convenience, it is commonly known that Cicero held great love for his daughter Tullia. When she suddenly became ill in February 45 BC and died after having seemingly recovered from giving birth to a son in January, Cicero was stunned. \"I have lost the one thing that bound me to life\" he wrote to Atticus. Atticus told him to come for a visit during the first weeks of his bereavement, so that he could comfort him when his pain was at its greatest. In Atticus's large library, Cicero read everything that the Greek philosophers had written about overcoming grief, \"but my sorrow defeats all consolation.\" Caesar and Brutus as well as Servius Sulpicius Rufus sent him letters of condolence. Cicero hoped that his son Marcus would become a philosopher like him, but Marcus himself wished for a military career. He joined the army of Pompey in 49 BC and after Pompey's defeat at Pharsalus 48 BC, he was pardoned by Caesar. Cicero sent him to Athens to study as a disciple of the peripatetic philosopher Kratippos in 48 BC, but he used this absence from \"his"
},
{
"title": "Cicero",
"text": " father's vigilant eye\" to \"eat, drink and be merry.\" After Cicero's death he joined the army of the \"Liberatores\" but was later pardoned by Augustus. Augustus's bad conscience for not having objected to Cicero's being put on the proscription list during the Second Triumvirate led him to aid considerably Marcus Minor's career. He became an augur, and was nominated consul in 30 BC together with Augustus. As such, he was responsible for revoking the honors of Mark Antony, who was responsible for the proscription, and could in this way take revenge. Later he was appointed proconsul of Syria and the province of Asia.</s><s>Public career.</s><s>Public career.:Early legal activity. Cicero wanted to pursue a public career in politics along the steps of the. In 90–88 BC, he served both Pompeius Strabo and Lucius Cornelius Sulla as they campaigned in the Social War, though he had no taste for military life, being an intellectual first and foremost. Cicero started his career as a lawyer around 83–81 BC. The first extant speech is a private case from 81 BC (the ), delivered when Cicero was aged 26, though he refers throughout to previous defenses he"
},
{
"title": "Cicero",
"text": " had already undertaken. His first major public case, of which a written record is still extant, was his 80 BC defense of Sextus Roscius on the charge of patricide. Taking this case was a courageous move for Cicero; patricide was considered an appalling crime, and the people whom Cicero accused of the murder, the most notorious being Chrysogonus, were favorites of Sulla. At this time it would have been easy for Sulla to have the unknown Cicero murdered. Cicero's defense was an indirect challenge to the dictator Sulla, and on the strength of his case, Roscius was acquitted. Soon after, Cicero again challenged Sulla, by criticising his disenfranchisement of Italian towns in a lost speech on behalf of a woman from Arretium. Cicero's case in the was divided into three parts. The first part detailed exactly the charge brought by Ericius. Cicero explained how a rustic son of a farmer, who lives off the pleasures of his own land, would not have gained anything from committing patricide because he would have eventually inherited his father's land anyway. The second part concerned the boldness and greed of two of the accusers, Magnus and Capito. Cicero told"
},
{
"title": "Cicero",
"text": " the jury that they were the more likely perpetrators of murder because the two were greedy, both for conspiring together against a fellow kinsman and, in particular, Magnus, for his boldness and for being unashamed to appear in court to support the false charges. The third part explained that Chrysogonus had immense political power, and the accusation was successfully made due to that power. Even though Chrysogonus may not have been what Cicero said he was, through rhetoric Cicero successfully made him appear to be a foreign freed man who prospered by devious means in the aftermath of the civil war. Cicero surmised that it showed what kind of a person he was and that something like murder was not beneath him.</s><s>Public career.:Early political career. His first office was as one of the twenty annual quaestors, a training post for serious public administration in a diversity of areas, but with a traditional emphasis on administration and rigorous accounting of public monies under the guidance of a senior magistrate or provincial commander. Cicero served as quaestor in western Sicily in 75 BC and demonstrated honesty and integrity in his dealings with the inhabitants. As a result, the grateful Sicilians asked Cicero to prosecute Gaius Ver"
},
{
"title": "Cicero",
"text": "res, a governor of Sicily, who had plundered the province. His prosecution of Gaius Verres was a great forensic success{{cite book }} for Cicero. Governor Gaius Verres hired the prominent lawyer of a noble family Quintus Hortensius Hortalus. After a lengthy period in Sicily collecting testimonials and evidence and persuading witnesses to come forward, Cicero returned to Rome and won the case in a series of dramatic court battles. His unique style of oratory set him apart from the flamboyant Hortensius. On the conclusion of this case, Cicero came to be considered the greatest orator in Rome. The view that Cicero may have taken the case for reasons of his own is viable. Hortensius was, at this point, known as the best lawyer in Rome; to beat him would guarantee much success and the prestige that Cicero needed to start his career. Cicero's oratorical ability is shown in his character assassination of Verres and various other techniques of persuasion used on the jury. One such example is found in the speech \"Against Verres I\", where he states \"with you on this bench, gentlemen, with Marcus Acilius Glabrio as your president, I"
},
{
"title": "Cicero",
"text": " do not understand what Verres can hope to achieve\". Oratory was considered a great art in ancient Rome and an important tool for disseminating knowledge and promoting oneself in elections, in part because there were no regular newspapers or mass media. Cicero was neither a patrician nor a plebeian noble; his rise to political office despite his relatively humble origins has traditionally been attributed to his brilliance as an orator. Cicero grew up in a time of civil unrest and war. Sulla's victory in the first of a series of civil wars led to a new constitutional framework that undermined (liberty), the fundamental value of the Roman Republic. Nonetheless, Sulla's reforms strengthened the position of the equestrian class, contributing to that class's growing political power. Cicero was both an Italian and a, but more importantly he was a Roman constitutionalist. His social class and loyalty to the Republic ensured that he would \"command the support and confidence of the people as well as the Italian middle classes\". The optimates faction never truly accepted Cicero, and this undermined his efforts to reform the Republic while preserving the constitution. Nevertheless, he successfully ascended the cursus honorum, holding each magistracy at or near the youngest possible age: quaestor"
},
{
"title": "Cicero",
"text": " in 75 BC (age 30), aedile in 69 BC (age 36), and praetor in 66 BC (age 39), when he served as president of the \"Reclamation\" (or extortion) Court. He was then elected consul at age 42.</s><s>Consulship. Cicero, seizing the opportunity offered by optimate fear of reform, was elected consul for the year 63 BC; he was elected with the support of every unit of the centuriate assembly, rival members of the post-Sullan establishment, and the leaders of municipalities throughout post–Social War Italy. His co-consul for the year, Gaius Antonius Hybrida, played a minor role. He began his consular year by opposing a land bill proposed by a plebeian tribune which would have appointed commissioners with semi-permanent authority over land reform. Cicero was also active in the courts, defending Gaius Rabirius from accusations of participating in the unlawful killing of plebeian tribune Lucius Appuleius Saturninus in 100 BC. The prosecution occurred before the and threatened to reopen conflict between the Marian and Sullan factions at Rome. Cicero defended the use of force as being authorised by a, which"
},
{
"title": "Cicero",
"text": " would prove similar to his own use of force under such conditions.</s><s>Consulship.:The Catilinarian Conspiracy. Most famouslyin part because of his own publicityhe thwarted a conspiracy led by Lucius Sergius Catilina to overthrow the Roman Republic with the help of foreign armed forces. Cicero procured a \"senatus consultum ultimum\" (a recommendation from the senate attempting to legitimise the use of force) and drove Catiline from the city with four vehement speeches (the Catiline Orations), which remain outstanding examples of his rhetorical style. The Orations listed Catiline and his followers' debaucheries, and denounced Catiline's senatorial sympathizers as roguish and dissolute debtors clinging to Catiline as a final and desperate hope. Cicero demanded that Catiline and his followers leave the city. At the conclusion of Cicero's first speech (which was made in the Temple of Jupiter Stator), Catiline hurriedly left the Senate. In his following speeches, Cicero did not directly address Catiline. He delivered the second and third orations before the people, and the last one again before the Senate. By these speeches, Cicero wanted to prepare the Senate"
},
{
"title": "Cicero",
"text": " for the worst possible case; he also delivered more evidence, against Catiline. Catiline fled and left behind his followers to start the revolution from within while he himself assaulted the city with an army of \"moral and financial bankrupts, or of honest fanatics and adventurers\". It is alleged that Catiline had attempted to involve the Allobroges, a tribe of Transalpine Gaul, in their plot, but Cicero, working with the Gauls, was able to seize letters that incriminated the five conspirators and forced them to confess in front of the Senate. The senate then deliberated upon the conspirators' punishment. As it was the dominant advisory body to the various legislative assemblies rather than a judicial body, there were limits to its power; however, martial law was in effect, and it was feared that simple house arrest or exile – the standard options – would not remove the threat to the state. At first Decimus Junius Silanus spoke for the \"extreme penalty\"; many were swayed by Julius Caesar, who decried the precedent it would set and argued in favor of life imprisonment in various Italian towns. Cato the Younger rose in defense of the death penalty and the entire Senate finally agreed on the matter. Cicero had the"
},
{
"title": "Cicero",
"text": " conspirators taken to the Tullianum, the notorious Roman prison, where they were strangled. Cicero himself accompanied the former consul Publius Cornelius Lentulus Sura, one of the conspirators, to the Tullianum. Cicero received the honorific \"\"pater patriae\"\" for his efforts to suppress the conspiracy, but lived thereafter in fear of trial or exile for having put Roman citizens to death without trial. While the \"senatus consultum ultimum\" gave some legitimacy to the use of force against the conspirators, Cicero also argued that Catiline's conspiracy, by virtue of its treason, made the conspirators enemies of the state and forfeited the protections intrinsically possessed by Roman citizens. The consuls moved decisively. Antonius Hybrida was dispatched to defeat Catiline in battle that year, preventing Crassus or Pompey from exploiting the situation for their own political aims. After the suppression of the conspiracy, Cicero was proud of his accomplishment. Some of his political enemies argued that though the act gained Cicero popularity, he exaggerated the extent of his success. He overestimated his popularity again several years later after being exiled from Italy and then allowed back from exile. At this time, he claimed that"
},
{
"title": "Cicero",
"text": " the republic would be restored along with him. Many Romans at the time, led by Populares politicians Gaius Julius Caesar and patrician turned plebeian Publius Clodius Pulcher believed that Cicero's evidence against Catiline was fabricated and the witnesses were bribed. Cicero, who had been elected consul with the support of the Optimates, promoted their position as advocates of the status quo resisting social changes, especially more privileges for the average inhabitants of Rome. Shortly after completing his consulship, in late 62 BC, Cicero arranged the purchase of a large townhouse on the Palatine Hill previously owned by Rome's richest citizen, Marcus Licinius Crassus. It cost an exorbitant sum, 3.5 million sesterces, which required Cicero to arrange for a loan from his co-consul Gaius Antonius Hybrida based on the expected profits from Antonius's proconsulship in Macedonia. At the beginning of his consulship, Cicero had made an arrangement with Hybrida to grant Hybrida the profitable province of Macedonia that had been granted to Cicero by the Senate in exchange for Hybrida staying out of Cicero's way for the"
},
{
"title": "Cicero",
"text": " year and a quarter of the profits from the province. In return Cicero gained a lavish house which he proudly boasted was \"\"in conspectu prope totius urbis\"\" (in sight of nearly the whole city), only a short walk from the Roman Forum.</s><s>Exile and return. In 60 BC, Julius Caesar invited Cicero to be the fourth member of his existing partnership with Pompey and Marcus Licinius Crassus, an assembly that would eventually be called the First Triumvirate. Cicero refused the invitation because he suspected it would undermine the Republic. During Caesar's consulship of 59 BC, the triumvirate had achieved many of their goals of land reform, publicani debt forgiveness, ratification of Pompeian conquests, etc. With Caesar leaving for his provinces, they wished to maintain their hold on politics. They engineered the adoption of patrician Publius Clodius Pulcher into a plebeian family and had him elected as one of the ten tribunes of the plebs for 58 BC. Clodius used the triumvirate's backing to push through legislation that benefited them. He introduced several laws (the \"leges Clodiae\") that made him popular with the people, strengthening his"
},
{
"title": "Cicero",
"text": " power base, then he turned on Cicero by threatening exile to anyone who executed a Roman citizen without a trial. Cicero, having executed members of the Catiline conspiracy four years previously without formal trial, was clearly the intended target. Furthermore, many believed that Clodius acted in concert with the triumvirate who feared that Cicero would seek to abolish many of Caesar's accomplishments while consul the year before. Cicero argued that the \"senatus consultum ultimum\" indemnified him from punishment, and he attempted to gain the support of the senators and consuls, especially of Pompey. Cicero grew out his hair, dressed in mourning and toured the streets. Clodius' gangs dogged him, hurling abuse, stones and even excrement. Hortensius, trying to rally to his old rival's support, was almost lynched. The Senate and the consuls were cowed. Caesar, who was still encamped near Rome, was apologetic but said he could do nothing when Cicero brought himself to grovel in the proconsul's tent. Everyone seemed to have abandoned Cicero. After Clodius passed a law to deny to Cicero fire and water (i.e. shelter) within four hundred miles"
},
{
"title": "Cicero",
"text": " of Rome, Cicero went into exile. He arrived at Thessalonica, on 23 May 58 BC. In his absence, Clodius, who lived next door to Cicero on the Palatine, arranged for Cicero's house to be confiscated by the state, and was even able to purchase a part of the property in order to extend his own house. After demolishing Cicero's house, Clodius had the land consecrated and symbolically erected a temple of Liberty (\"aedes Libertatis\") on the vacant land. Cicero's exile caused him to fall into depression. He wrote to Atticus: \"Your pleas have prevented me from committing suicide. But what is there to live for? Don't blame me for complaining. My afflictions surpass any you ever heard of earlier\". After the intervention of recently elected tribune Titus Annius Milo, acting on the behalf of Pompey who wanted Cicero as a client, the Senate voted in favor of recalling Cicero from exile. Clodius cast the single vote against the decree. Cicero returned to Italy on 5 August 57 BC, landing at Brundisium. He was greeted by a cheering crowd, and, to his delight, his beloved daughter Tull"
},
{
"title": "Cicero",
"text": "ia. In his \"Oratio De Domo Sua Ad Pontifices\", Cicero convinced the College of Pontiffs to rule that the consecration of his land was invalid, thereby allowing him to regain his property and rebuild his house on the Palatine. Cicero tried to re-enter politics as an independent operator, but his attempts to attack portions of Caesar's legislation were unsuccessful and encouraged Caesar to re-solidify his political alliance with Pompey and Crassus. The conference at Luca in 56 BC left the three-man alliance in domination of the republic's politics; this forced Cicero to recant and support the triumvirate out of fear from being entirely excluded from public life. After the conference Cicero lavishly praised Caesar's achievements, got the Senate to vote a thanksgiving for Caesar's victories and grant money to pay his troops. He also delivered a speech 'On the consular provinces' () which checked an attempt by Caesar's enemies to strip him of his provinces in Gaul. After this, a cowed Cicero concentrated on his literary works. It is uncertain whether he was directly involved in politics for the following few years.</s><s>Governorship of Cilicia. In 51 BC he reluctantly accepted a promag"
},
{
"title": "Cicero",
"text": "istracy (as proconsul) in Cilicia for the year; there were few other former consuls eligible as a result of a legislative requirement enacted by Pompey in 52 BC specifying an interval of five years between a consulship or praetorship and a provincial command. He served as proconsul of Cilicia from May 51 BC, arriving in the provinces three months later around August. He was given instructions to keep nearby Cappadocia loyal to King Ariobarzanes III, which he achieved'satisfactorily without war'. In 53 BC Marcus Licinius Crassus had been defeated by the Parthians at the Battle of Carrhae. This opened the Roman East for a Parthian invasion, causing unrest in Syria and Cilicia. Cicero restored calm by his mild system of government. He discovered that a great amount of public property had been embezzled by corrupt previous governors and members of their staff, and did his utmost to restore it. Thus he greatly improved the condition of the cities. He retained the civil rights of, and exempted from penalties, the men who gave the property back. Besides this, he was extremely frugal in his outlays for staff and private expenses"
},
{
"title": "Cicero",
"text": " during his governorship, and this made him highly popular among the natives. Previous governors had extorted enormous sums from the provincials in order to supply their households and bodyguards. Besides his activity in ameliorating the hard pecuniary situation of the province, Cicero was also creditably active in the military sphere. Early in his governorship he received information that prince Pacorus, son of Orodes II the king of the Parthians, had crossed the Euphrates, and was ravaging the Syrian countryside and had even besieged Cassius (the interim Roman commander in Syria) in Antioch. Cicero eventually marched with two understrength legions and a large contingent of auxiliary cavalry to Cassius's relief. Pacorus and his army had already given up on besieging Antioch and were heading south through Syria, ravaging the countryside again. Cassius and his legions followed them, harrying them wherever they went, eventually ambushing and defeating them near Antigonea. Another large troop of Parthian horsemen was defeated by Cicero's cavalry who happened to run into them while scouting ahead of the main army. Cicero next defeated some robbers who were based on Mount Amanus and was hailed as imperator by his troops. Afterwards he led his"
},
{
"title": "Cicero",
"text": " army against the independent Cilician mountain tribes, besieging their fortress of Pindenissum. It took him 47 days to reduce the place, which fell in December. On 30 July 50 BC Cicero left the province to his brother Quintus, who had accompanied him on his governorship as his legate. On his way back to Rome he stopped in Rhodes and then went to Athens, where he caught up with his old friend Titus Pomponius Atticus and met men of great learning.</s><s>Julius Caesar's civil war. Cicero arrived in Rome on 4 January 49 BC. He stayed outside the pomerium, to retain his promagisterial powers: either in expectation of a triumph or to retain his independent command authority in the coming civil war. The struggle between Pompey and Julius Caesar grew more intense in 50 BC. Cicero favored Pompey, seeing him as a defender of the senate and Republican tradition, but at that time avoided openly alienating Caesar. When Caesar invaded Italy in 49 BC, Cicero fled Rome. Caesar, seeking an endorsement by a senior senator, courted Cicero's favor, but even so Cicero slipped out of Italy and traveled to Dyrrachium (Epidamnos), Ill"
},
{
"title": "Cicero",
"text": "yria, where Pompey's staff was situated. Cicero traveled with the Pompeian forces to Pharsalus in 48 BC, though he was quickly losing faith in the competence and righteousness of the Pompeian side. Eventually, he provoked the hostility of his fellow senator Cato, who told him that he would have been of more use to the cause of the \"optimates\" if he had stayed in Rome. After Caesar's victory at the Battle of Pharsalus on 9 August, Cicero refused to take command of the Pompeian forces and continue the war. He returned to Rome, still as a promagistrate with his lictors, in 47 BC, and dismissed them upon his crossing the pomerium and renouncing his command. Caesar pardoned him and Cicero tried to adjust to the situation and maintain his political work, hoping that Caesar might revive the Republic and its institutions. In a letter to Varro on c. 20 April 46 BC, Cicero outlined his strategy under Caesar's dictatorship. Cicero, however, was taken by surprise when the \"Liberatores\" assassinated Caesar on the ides of March, 44 BC. Cicero was not included in the conspiracy, even though the conspirators were sure of his sympathy. Marcus Junius"
},
{
"title": "Cicero",
"text": " Brutus called out Cicero's name, asking him to restore the republic when he lifted his bloodstained dagger after the assassination. A letter Cicero wrote in February 43 BC to Trebonius, one of the conspirators, began, \"How I could wish that you had invited me to that most glorious banquet on the Ides of March!\" Cicero became a popular leader during the period of instability following the assassination. He had no respect for Mark Antony, who was scheming to take revenge upon Caesar's murderers. In exchange for amnesty for the assassins, he arranged for the Senate to agree not to declare Caesar to have been a tyrant, which allowed the Caesarians to have lawful support and kept Caesar's reforms and policies intact.</s><s>Opposition to Mark Antony and death. Cicero and Antony now became the two leading men in Rome: Cicero as spokesman for the Senate; Antony as consul, leader of the Caesarian faction, and unofficial executor of Caesar's public will. Relations between the two were never friendly and worsened after Cicero claimed that Antony was taking liberties in interpreting Caesar's wishes and intentions. Octavian was Caesar's adopted son and heir. After he returned to Italy, Cicero began to play"
},
{
"title": "Cicero",
"text": " him against Antony. He praised Octavian, declaring he would not make the same mistakes as his father. He attacked Antony in a series of speeches he called the \"Philippics\", after Demosthenes's denunciations of Philip II of Macedon. At the time Cicero's popularity as a public figure was unrivalled. Cicero supported Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus as governor of Cisalpine Gaul (\"Gallia Cisalpina\") and urged the Senate to name Antony an enemy of the state. The speech of Lucius Piso, Caesar's father-in-law, delayed proceedings against Antony. Antony was later declared an enemy of the state when he refused to lift the siege of Mutina, which was in the hands of Decimus Brutus. Cicero's plan to drive out Antony failed. Antony and Octavian reconciled and allied with Lepidus to form the Second Triumvirate after the successive battles of Forum Gallorum and Mutina. The Triumvirate began proscribing their enemies and potential rivals immediately after legislating the alliance into official existence for a term of five years with consular \"imperium\". Cicero and all of his contacts and"
},
{
"title": "Cicero",
"text": " supporters were numbered among the enemies of the state, even though Octavian argued for two days against Cicero being added to the list. Cicero was one of the most viciously and doggedly hunted among the proscribed. He was viewed with sympathy by a large segment of the public and many people refused to report that they had seen him. He was caught on 7 December 43 BC leaving his villa in Formiae in a litter heading to the seaside, where he hoped to embark on a ship destined for Macedonia. When his killers – Herennius (a Centurion) and Popilius (a Tribune) – arrived, Cicero's own slaves said they had not seen him, but he was given away by Philologus, a freedman of his brother Quintus Cicero. As reported by Seneca the Elder, according to the historian Aufidius Bassus, Cicero's last words are said to have been: He bowed to his captors, leaning his head out of the litter in a gladiatorial gesture to ease the task. By baring his neck and throat to the soldiers, he was indicating that he would not resist. According to Plutarch, Herennius first slew him, then cut off his head"
},
{
"title": "Cicero",
"text": ". On Antony's instructions his hands, which had penned the Philippics against Antony, were cut off as well; these were nailed along with his head on the Rostra in the Forum Romanum according to the tradition of Marius and Sulla, both of whom had displayed the heads of their enemies in the Forum. Cicero was the only victim of the proscriptions who was displayed in that manner. According to Cassius Dio, in a story often mistakenly attributed to Plutarch, Antony's wife Fulvia took Cicero's head, pulled out his tongue, and jabbed it repeatedly with her hairpin in final revenge against Cicero's power of speech. Cicero's son, Marcus Tullius Cicero Minor, during his year as a consul in 30 BC, avenged his father's death, to a certain extent, when he announced to the Senate Mark Antony's naval defeat at Actium in 31 BC by Octavian. Octavian is reported to have praised Cicero as a patriot and a scholar of meaning in later times, within the circle of his family. However, it was Octavian's acquiescence that had allowed Cicero to be killed, as Cicero was condemned by the new"
},
{
"title": "Cicero",
"text": " triumvirate. Cicero's career as a statesman was marked by inconsistencies and a tendency to shift his position in response to changes in the political climate. His indecision may be attributed to his sensitive and impressionable personality; he was prone to overreaction in the face of political and private change. \"Would that he had been able to endure prosperity with greater self-control, and adversity with more fortitude!\" wrote C. Asinius Pollio, a contemporary Roman statesman and historian.</s><s>Legacy. Cicero has been traditionally considered the master of Latin prose, with Quintilian declaring that Cicero was \"not the name of a man, but of eloquence itself.\" The English words \"Ciceronian\" (meaning \"eloquent\") and \"cicerone\" (meaning \"local guide\") derive from his name. He is credited with transforming Latin from a modest utilitarian language into a versatile literary medium capable of expressing abstract and complicated thoughts with clarity. Julius Caesar praised Cicero's achievement by saying \"it is more important to have greatly extended the frontiers of the Roman spirit than the frontiers of the Roman empire\". According to John William Mackail, \"Cicero's unique and imperishable glory is that he created the"
},
{
"title": "Cicero",
"text": " language of the civilized world, and used that language to create a style which nineteen centuries have not replaced, and in some respects have hardly altered.\" Cicero was also an energetic writer with an interest in a wide variety of subjects, in keeping with the Hellenistic philosophical and rhetorical traditions in which he was trained. The quality and ready accessibility of Ciceronian texts favored very wide distribution and inclusion in teaching curricula, as suggested by a graffito at Pompeii, admonishing: \"You will like Cicero, or you will be whipped\". Cicero was greatly admired by influential Church Fathers such as Augustine of Hippo, who credited Cicero's lost \"Hortensius\" for his eventual conversion to Christianity, and St. Jerome, who had a feverish vision in which he was accused of being \"follower of Cicero and not of Christ\" before the judgment seat. This influence further increased after the Early Middle Ages in Europe, which more of his writings survived than any other Latin author. Medieval philosophers were influenced by Cicero's writings on natural law and innate rights. Petrarch's rediscovery of Cicero's letters provided the impetus for searches for ancient Greek and Latin writings scattered throughout European monasteries, and the subsequent rediscovery of classical antiquity"
},
{
"title": "Cicero",
"text": " led to the Renaissance. Subsequently, Cicero became synonymous with classical Latin to such an extent that a number of humanist scholars began to assert that no Latin word or phrase should be used unless it appeared in Cicero's works, a stance criticised by Erasmus. His voluminous correspondence, much of it addressed to his friend Atticus, has been especially influential, introducing the art of refined letter writing to European culture. Cornelius Nepos, the first century BC biographer of Atticus, remarked that Cicero's letters contained such a wealth of detail \"concerning the inclinations of leading men, the faults of the generals, and the revolutions in the government\" that their reader had little need for a history of the period. Among Cicero's admirers were Desiderius Erasmus, Martin Luther, and John Locke. Following the invention of Johannes Gutenberg's printing press, \"De Officiis\" was the second book printed in Europe, after the Gutenberg Bible. Scholars note Cicero's influence on the rebirth of religious toleration in the 17th century. Cicero was especially popular with the Philosophes of the 18th century, including Edward Gibbon, Diderot, David Hume, Montesquieu, and Voltaire."
},
{
"title": "Cicero",
"text": " Gibbon wrote of his first experience reading the author's collective works thus: \"I tasted the beauty of the language; I breathed the spirit of freedom; and I imbibed from his precepts and examples the public and private sense of a man...after finishing the great author, a library of eloquence and reason, I formed a more extensive plan of reviewing the Latin classics...\" Voltaire called Cicero \"the greatest as well as the most elegant of Roman philosophers\" and even staged a play based on Cicero's role in the Catilinarian conspiracy, called \"Rome Sauvée, ou Catilina\", to \"make young people who go to the theatre acquainted with Cicero.\" Voltaire was spurred to pen the drama as a rebuff to his rival Claude Prosper Jolyot de Crébillon's own play \"Catilina\", which had portrayed Cicero as a coward and villain who hypocritically married his own daughter to Catiline. Montesquieu produced his \"Discourse on Cicero\" in 1717, in which he heaped praise on the author because he rescued \"philosophy from the hands of scholars, and freed it from the confusion of a foreign language\". Montesquieu went on to"
},
{
"title": "Cicero",
"text": " declare that Cicero was \"of all the ancients, the one who had the most personal merit, and whom I would prefer to resemble.\" Internationally, Cicero the republican inspired the Founding Fathers of the United States and the revolutionaries of the French Revolution. John Adams said, \"As all the ages of the world have not produced a greater statesman and philosopher united than Cicero, his authority should have great weight.\" Jefferson names Cicero as one of a handful of major figures who contributed to a tradition \"of public right\" that informed his draft of the Declaration of Independence and shaped American understandings of \"the common sense\" basis for the right of revolution. Camille Desmoulins said of the French republicans in 1789 that they were \"mostly young people who, nourished by the reading of Cicero at school, had become passionate enthusiasts for liberty\". Jim Powell starts his book on the history of liberty with the sentence: \"Marcus Tullius Cicero expressed principles that became the bedrock of liberty in the modern world.\" Likewise, no other ancient personality has inspired as much venomous dislike as Cicero, especially in more modern times. His commitment to the values of the Republic accommodated a hatred of the poor and persistent opposition to the advocates and mechanisms"
},
{
"title": "Cicero",
"text": " of popular representation. Friedrich Engels referred to him as \"the most contemptible scoundrel in history\" for upholding republican \"democracy\" while at the same time denouncing land and class reforms. Cicero has faced criticism for exaggerating the democratic qualities of republican Rome, and for defending the Roman oligarchy against the popular reforms of Caesar. Michael Parenti admits Cicero's abilities as an orator, but finds him a vain, pompous and hypocritical personality who, when it suited him, could show public support for popular causes that he privately despised. Parenti presents Cicero's prosecution of the Catiline conspiracy as legally flawed at least, and possibly unlawful. Cicero also had an influence on modern astronomy. Nicolaus Copernicus, searching for ancient views on earth motion, said that he \"first ... found in Cicero that Hicetas supposed the earth to move.\" Notably, \"Cicero\" was the name attributed to size 12 font in typesetting table drawers. For ease of reference, type sizes 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, and 20 were all given different names.</s><s>Works. Cicero was declared a righteous pagan by the Early Church, and therefore"
},
{
"title": "Cicero",
"text": " many of his works were deemed worthy of preservation. The Bogomils considered him a rare exception of a pagan saint. Subsequent Roman and medieval Christian writers quoted liberally from his works \"De re publica\" (\"On the Commonwealth\") and \"De Legibus\" (\"On the Laws\"), and much of his work has been recreated from these surviving fragments. Cicero also articulated an early, abstract conceptualization of rights, based on ancient law and custom. Of Cicero's books, six on rhetoric have survived, as well as parts of seven on philosophy. Of his speeches, 88 were recorded, but only 52 survive.</s><s>In archaeology. Cicero's great repute in Italy has led to numerous ruins being identified as having belonged to him, though none have been substantiated with absolute certainty. In Formia, two Roman-era ruins are popularly believed to be Cicero's mausoleum, the \"Tomba di Cicerone\", and the villa where he was assassinated in 43 BC. The latter building is centered around a central hall with Doric columns and a coffered vault, with a separate nymphaeum, on five acres of land near Formia. A modern villa was built on the site after the"
},
{
"title": "Cicero",
"text": " Rubino family purchased the land from Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies in 1868. Cicero's supposed tomb is a 24-meter (79 feet) tall tower on an \"opus quadratum\" base on the ancient Via Appia outside of Formia. Some suggest that it is not in fact Cicero's tomb, but a monument built on the spot where Cicero was intercepted and assassinated while trying to reach the sea. In Pompeii, a large villa excavated in the mid 18th century just outside the Herculaneum Gate was widely believed to have been Cicero's, who was known to have owned a holiday villa in Pompeii he called his \"Pompeianum\". The villa was stripped of its fine frescoes and mosaics and then re-buried after 1763 – it has yet to be re-excavated. However, contemporaneous descriptions of the building from the excavators combined with Cicero's own references to his \"Pompeianum\" differ, making it unlikely that it is Cicero's villa. In Rome, the location of Cicero's house has been roughly identified from excavations of the Republican-era stratum on the northwestern slope of the Palatine Hill"
},
{
"title": "Cicero",
"text": ". Cicero's \"domus\" has long been known to have stood in the area, according to his own descriptions and those of later authors, but there is some debate about whether it stood near the base of the hill, very close to the Roman Forum, or nearer to the summit. During his life the area was the most desirable in Rome, densely occupied with Patrician houses including the \"Domus Publica\" of Julius Caesar and the home of Cicero's mortal enemy Clodius.</s><s>Notable fictional portrayals. In Dante's 1320 poem the \"Divine Comedy\", the author encounters Cicero, among other philosophers, in Limbo. Ben Jonson dramatised the conspiracy of Catiline in his play \"Catiline His Conspiracy\", featuring Cicero as a character. Cicero also appears as a minor character in William Shakespeare's play \"Julius Caesar\". Cicero was portrayed on the motion picture screen by British actor Alan Napier in the 1953 film \"Julius Caesar\", based on Shakespeare's play. He has also been played by such noted actors as Michael Hordern (in \"Cleopatra\"), and André Morell (in the 1970 \"Julius Caesar\"). Most recently, Cicero was portrayed by David"
},
{
"title": "Cicero",
"text": " Bamber in the HBO series \"Rome\" (2005–2007) and appeared in both seasons. In the historical novel series \"Masters of Rome\", Colleen McCullough presents a not-so-flattering depiction of Cicero's career, showing him struggling with an inferiority complex and vanity, morally flexible and fatally indiscreet, while his rival Julius Caesar is shown in a more approving light. Cicero is portrayed as a hero in the novel \"A Pillar of Iron\" by Taylor Caldwell (1965). Robert Harris' novels \"Imperium\", \"Lustrum\" (published under the name \"Conspirata\" in the United States) and \"Dictator\" comprise a three-part series based on the life of Cicero. In these novels Cicero's character is depicted in a more favorable way than in those of McCullough, with his positive traits equaling or outweighing his weaknesses (while conversely Caesar is depicted as more sinister than in McCullough). Cicero is a major recurring character in the \"Roma Sub Rosa\" series of mystery novels by Steven Saylor. He also appears several times as a peripheral character in John Maddox Roberts' \"SPQR\" series. Samuel Barnett portrays Cicero in a 2017 audio drama"
},
{
"title": "Cicero",
"text": " series pilot produced by Big Finish Productions. A full series was released the following year. All Episodes are written by David Llewellyn and directed and produced by Scott Handcock. Llewellyn, Handcock and Barnett re-teamed in the Doctor Who audio-drama Tartarus (also produced by Big Finish) starring Peter Davison as the 5th Doctor. It is not intended to be a part of the Cicero series; in Vortex (Big Finish's official free online magazine) Llewellyn revealed that he was \"worried that if we had Cicero meeting aliens people might go back to the Cicero series and see it through a sci-fi lens. Then I remembered that Simon Callow still performs as Charles Dickens, and that he played Dickens before reprising him in the Doctor Who TV episode, \"The Unquiet Dead\" – so I got over myself!\".</s><s>See also. - Caecilia Attica - Caecilia Metella (daughter of Metellus Celer) - \"Civis romanus sum\" - Clausula (rhetoric) - \"A Dialogue Concerning Oratorical Partitions\" - \"E pluribus unum\" - \"Esse quam videri"
},
{
"title": "Cicero",
"text": "\" - \"Ipse dixit\" - List of ancient Romans - Lorem ipsum - Marcantonius Majoragio - Marcus Tullius Tiro - Marius Nizolius - \"O tempora, o mores!\" - Otium - \"Socratici viri\" - Tempest in a teapot - Translation - Writings of Cicero</s><s>References.</s><s>References.:Sources. - Badian, E: \"Cicero and the Commission of 146 B.C.\", \"Collection Latomus\" 101 (1969), 54–65. - - - Cicero, Marcus Tullius, Cicero's letters to Atticus, Vol, I, II, IV, VI, Cambridge University Press, Great Britain, 1965 - Cicero, Marcus Tullius, Latin extracts of Cicero on Himself, translated by Charles Gordon Cooper, University of Queensland Press, Brisbane, 1963 - Cicero, Marcus Tullius, Selected Political Speeches, Penguin Books Ltd, Great Britain, 1969 - Cicero, Marcus Tullius, De Officiis (On Duties), translated by Walter Miller. Harvard University Press, 1913, - Cicero, Marcus Tullius, Selected Works, Penguin Books Ltd, Great"
},
{
"title": "Cicero",
"text": " Britain, 1971 - Cowell, F.R. (1948). \"Cicero and the Roman Republic\". Penguin Books - - - - - - Plutarch Penguins Classics English translation by Rex Warner, \"Fall of the Roman Republic, Six Lives by Plutarch: Marius, Sulla, Crassus, Pompey, Caesar, Cicero\" (Penguin Books, 1958; with Introduction and notes by Robin Seager, 1972) - Rawson, Beryl: \"The Politics of Friendship: Pompey and Cicero\" (Sydney University Press, 1978) - - - - Scullard, H.H. From the Gracchi to Nero, University Paperbacks, Great Britain, 1968 - Smith, R.E: \"Cicero the Statesman\" (Cambridge University Press, 1966) - Stockton, David: \"Cicero: A Political Biography\" (Oxford University Press, 1971) - - - Uttschenko, Sergej L. (1978): \"Cicero\", translated from Russian by Rosemarie Pattloch, VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlin, Germany.Cicero - - -</s><s>Further reading."
},
{
"title": "Cicero",
"text": " - Boissier, Gaston, Cicéron et ses amis. Étude sur la société romaine du temps de César (1884) - - - Gildenhard, Ingo (2011). \"Creative Eloquence: The Construction of Reality in Cicero's Speeches\". Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press. - Hamza, Gabor, L'optimus status civitatis di Cicerone e la sua tradizione nel pensiero politico. In: Tradizione romanistica e Costituzione. Cinquanta anni della Corte Costituzionale della Repubblica Italiana. vol. II. Napoli, 2006. 1455–1468. - Hamza, Gabor, Ciceros Verhältnis zu seinen Quellen, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Darstellung der Staatslehre in De re publica. KLIO – Beiträge zur alten Geschichte 67 (1985) 492–497. - Hamza, Gabor, Cicero und der Idealtypus des"
},
{
"title": "Cicero",
"text": " iurisconsultus. Helixon 22–27 (1982–1987) 281–296. - Hamza, Gabor, Il potere (lo Stato) nel pensiero di Cicerone e la sua attualità. Revista Internacional de Derecho Romano (RIDROM) 10 (2013) 1–25. Revista Internacional de Derecho Romano – Index - Hamza, Gabor, Zur Interpretation des Naturrechts in den Werken von Cicero. Pázmány Law Review 2 (2014) 5–15. - - - - - - - Treggiari, S. (2007). \"Terentia, Tullia and Publilia. The women of Cicero's family. \"London: Routledge.</s>"
}
] |
factscore
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factscore-000332
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Question: Tell me a bio of John Craven.
|
[
{
"title": "John Craven",
"text": "<s>John Craven John Raymond Craven (born 16 August 1940) is an English journalist and television presenter, best known for presenting the BBC programmes \"Newsround\", \"Countryfile\" and \"Beat the Brain\".</s><s>Early life. Craven was born in Leeds, West Riding of Yorkshire, and educated at Leeds Modern School. Craven's father was held as a prisoner of war in Japan for three years during the Second World War. He left school aged 16, and began an apprenticeship at Yorkshire Copperworks, writing for the company magazine.</s><s>Career. He began his professional life in print journalism as a junior reporter on a local newspaper, the \"Harrogate Advertiser\", before working for the \"Yorkshire Post\" and as a freelance correspondent and writer for national newspapers.</s><s>Career.:Television. He joined the BBC staff in Newcastle upon Tyne to work on local radio and television, before moving to the BBC in Bristol in 1970. From 1972, Craven was the eponymous host of a regular children's news programme, \"Newsround\", originally called \"John Craven's Newsround\". The first such programme ever produced by British television, it drew on the full journalistic resources of the BBC. It featured a number of"
},
{
"title": "John Craven",
"text": " news scoops, including the Space Shuttle \"Challenger\" disaster in 1986, which occurred minutes before the programme went on air. Craven became associated with children's TV, and presented news items on other children's programmes such as \"Multi-Coloured Swap Shop\" and \"Saturday Superstore\". Years later he also became editor of \"Newsround\". Craven left the \"Newsround\" programme in 1989, having presented more than 3,000 episodes, and began presenting a countryside news programme, \"Countryfile\", for the BBC. In 2015, he presented the BBC Two game show series \"Beat the Brain\", which began airing on 11 May.</s><s>Career.:Other work. In 2014, Craven took part in Gareth Malone's All Star Choir. They released a cover version of the single \"Wake Me Up\" in November 2014 to raise money for the BBC's Children in Need charity. The choir were filmed for a two-part documentary called \"Gareth's All Star Choir\". It was shown on 3 and 10 November 2014 on BBC One.</s><s>Career.:Charity. Craven is one of nine presidents of the Young People's Trust for the Environment. He is vice-president of the Waterways Trust and Patron of SP"
},
{
"title": "John Craven",
"text": "ANA. On 10 July 2016, he was appointed as President of Radio Horton, the charitable hospital radio station for Banbury's Horton General Hospital.</s><s>Personal life. Craven is married and has two daughters. He lives in Oxfordshire. Of his career, he has said he expected he would be retired at some future time rather than give up the work he liked so much.</s><s>Awards and honours. In 1996, he was elected a member of the Royal Television Society, and awarded the RTS Baird Medal in 2002. He was awarded the OBE in the 2000 New Year Honours for services to rural and children's broadcasting. He is a fellow of the Linnean Society of London. In November 2011, Craven attended the British Academy Children's Awards to collect a Special Award for \"Newsround\" in recognition of its contribution to television.</s>"
}
] |
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factscore-000333
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Question: Tell me a bio of A. K. Ramanujan.
|
[
{
"title": "A. K. Ramanujan",
"text": "<s>A. K. Ramanujan Attipate Krishnaswami Ramanujan (16 March 1929 – 13 July 1993) was an Indian poet and scholar of Indian literature and Linguistics. Ramanujan was also a professor of Linguistics at University of Chicago. Ramanujan was a poet, scholar, Linguist, philologist, folklorist, translator, and playwright. His academic research ranged across five languages: English, Tamil, Kannada, Telugu, and Sanskrit. He published works on both classical and modern variants of this literature and argued strongly for giving local, non-standard dialects their due. Though he wrote widely and in a number of genres, Ramanujan's poems are remembered as enigmatic works of startling originality, sophistication and moving artistry. He was awarded the Sahitya Akademi Award posthumously in 1999 for \"The Collected Poems\".</s><s>Biography.</s><s>Biography.:Childhood. Ramanujan was born in Mysore City on 16 March 1929. His father, Attipat Asuri Krishnaswami, an astronomer and professor of mathematics at Mysore University, was known for his interest in English, Kannada and Sanskrit languages."
},
{
"title": "A. K. Ramanujan",
"text": " His mother was a homemaker.</s><s>Biography.:Education. Ramanujan was educated at Marimallappa's High School, Mysore, and at the Maharaja College of Mysore. In college, Ramanujan majored in science in his freshman year, but his father persuaded him to change his major from science to English. Later, Ramanujan became a Fellow of Deccan College, Pune in 1958–59 and a Fulbright Scholar at Indiana University in 1959–62. He was educated in English at the University of Mysore and received his PhD in Linguistics from Indiana University.</s><s>Career. Ramanujan worked as a lecturer of English at Quilon and Belgaum; he later taught at The Maharaja Sayajirao University in Baroda for about eight years. In 1962, he joined the University of Chicago as an assistant professor. He was affiliated with the university throughout his career, teaching in several departments. He taught at other US universities as well, including Harvard University, University of Wisconsin, University of Michigan, University of California at Berkeley, and Carleton College. At the University of Chicago, Ramanujan was instrumental in shaping the South Asian Studies program. He worked in the departments"
},
{
"title": "A. K. Ramanujan",
"text": " of South Asian Languages and Civilizations, Linguistics, and with the Committee on Social Thought. In 1976, the Government of India awarded him the Padma Shri, and in 1983, he was given the MacArthur Prize Fellowship (Shulman, 1994). In 1983, he was appointed the William E. Colvin Professor in the Departments of South Asian Languages and Civilizations, of Linguistics, and in the Committee on Social Thought at the University of Chicago. That same year, he received a MacArthur Fellowship. As an Indo-American writer, Ramanujan had the experience of the native as well as foreign milieu. His poems such as the \"Conventions of Despair\" reflected his views on the cultures and conventions of the east and west. A. K. Ramanujan died in Chicago on 13 July 1993 as result of an adverse reaction to anaesthesia during preparation for surgery.</s><s>Contributions to Indian studies. A. K. Ramanujan's theoretical and aesthetic contributions span several disciplinary areas. In his cultural essays such as \"Is There an Indian Way of Thinking?\" (1990), he explains cultural ideologies and behavioral manifestations thereof in terms of an Indian psychology he calls \"context-sensitive\" thinking. In his work in folklore studies, Ram"
},
{
"title": "A. K. Ramanujan",
"text": "anujan highlights the inter-textuality of the Indian oral and written literary tradition. His essay \"Where Mirrors Are Windows: Toward an Anthology of Reflections\" (1989), and his commentaries in \"The Interior Landscape: Love Poems from a Classical Tamil Anthology\" (1967) and \"Folktales from India\", \"Oral Tales from Twenty Indian Languages\" (1991) are good examples of his work in Indian folklore studies.</s><s>Controversy regarding his essay. His 1991 essay \"\" courted controversy over its inclusion in the B.A. in History syllabus of the University of Delhi in 2006. In this essay, he wrote of the existence of many versions of \"Ramayana\" and a few versions that portrayed \"Rama\" and \"Sita\" as siblings, which contradicts the popular versions of the Ramayana, such as those by Valmiki and Tulsidas. The comments written by A K Ramanujan were found to be derogatory by some Hindus and some of them decided to go to court for removal of the text from the Delhi University curriculum. ABVP, a nationalist student organisation, opposed its inclusion in the syllabus, saying it hurt the majority Hindu sentiment, who viewed \"Rama\""
},
{
"title": "A. K. Ramanujan",
"text": " and \"Sita\" as incarnations of gods and who were husband and wife. They demanded the essay be removed from the syllabus. In 2008, the Delhi High Court directed Delhi University to convene a committee to decide on the essay's inclusion. A four-member committee subsequently gave its 3-1 verdict in favor of its inclusion in the syllabus. The academic council, however, ignored the committee's recommendation and voted to scrap the essay from its syllabus in Oct 2011. This led to protests by many historians and intellectuals, accusing Delhi University of succumbing to the \"diktat\" (\"views\") of non-historians.</s><s>Selected publications. His works include translations from Old Tamil and Old Kannada, such as: - Translations and Studies of Literature - \"The Interior Landscape: Love Poems from a Classical Tamil Anthology\", 1967 - \"Speaking of Siva\", Penguin. 1973.. - \"The Literatures of India\". Edited with Edwin Gerow. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974 - \"Hymns for the Drowning\", 1981 - \"Poems of Love and War\". New York: Columbia University Press, 1985 - \"Folktales from India, Oral Tales from Twenty Indian Languages"
},
{
"title": "A. K. Ramanujan",
"text": "\", 1991 - \"Is There an Indian Way of Thinking?\" in \"India Through Hindu Categories\", edited by McKim Marriott, 1990 - \"When God Is a Customer: Telugu Courtesan Songs by Ksetrayya and Others\" (with Velcheru Narayana Rao and David Shulman), 1994 - \"A Flowering Tree and Other Oral Tales from India\", 1997 - Essays - Three Hundred Ramayanas: Five Examples and Three Thoughts on Translation - Collected Essays of A. K. Ramanujan - \"A Flowering Tree: A Women's Tale\". In: \"Syllables of Sky: Studies in South Indian Civilization\". Oxford University Press, 1995. pp. 20-42.. (posthumous article) - Poetry - \"The Striders\". London: Oxford University Press, 1966 - \"Relations\". London, New York: Oxford University Press, 1971 - \"Selected Poems\". New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1976 - \"Second Sight\". New York: Oxford University Press, - \"The Collected Poems\". New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1997 - Appearances in the following poetry Anthologies - \"Ten Twentieth-Century Indian Poets\" (1976) ed. by R."
},
{
"title": "A. K. Ramanujan",
"text": " Parthasarathy and published by Oxford University Press, New Delhi - \"The Oxford India Anthology of Twelve Modern Indian Poets\" (1992) ed. by Arvind Krishna Mehrotra and published by Oxford University Press, New Delhi - \"The Golden Treasure of Writers Workshop Poetry\" (2008) ed. by Rubana Huq and published by Writers Workshop, Calcutta - Kannada - \"Samskara\". (translation of U R Ananthamurthy's Kannada novel) Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1976 - \"Hokkulalli Huvilla\" (translated to English - \"No Flower in the Navel\"). Dharwad, 1969 - \"Mattu Itara Padyagalu\" (translated to English - \"And Other Poems\"). Dharwad, 1977 - \"Kuntobille\" (translated to English - \"Hopscotch\") - \"Mattobbana Atma Charitre\" (translated to English - \"Yet Another Man's Autobiography\") - Haladi Meenu (Kannada Translation of Shouri's English Novel) - A. K. Ramanujan Samagra (Complete Works of A. K. Ramanu"
},
{
"title": "A. K. Ramanujan",
"text": "jan in Kannada) - A. K. Ramanujan Avara Aayda Kavitegalu - A. K. Ramanujan Avara Aayda Barahagalu - \"In the kingdom of fools\" ( 9th class english (supplementary)</s><s>See also. - List of translators into English</s><s>Further reading. - Guillermo Rodriguez, \"When Mirrors are Windows: A View of AK Ramanujan’s Poetics \" ( OUP, 2016)</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "A. K. Ramanujan",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Europe/Middle East"
}
|
factscore-000334
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Riccardo Tisci.
|
[
{
"title": "Riccardo Tisci",
"text": "<s>Riccardo Tisci Riccardo Tisci (; born 1974) is an Italian fashion designer. He studied in Italy at the Design Istituto d’Arte Applicata in Cantù until the age of 17, and then graduated from London's Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design in 1999. In 2005, Tisci was given the title of creative director for Givenchy Women's haute couture and ready-to-wear lines. In May 2008 he was additionally named as menswear and accessories designer of the Givenchy men's division. In March 2018, it was announced he had been appointed chief creative officer of Burberry, succeeding Christopher Bailey. Tisci's apparent fascination with Gothic touches (dark, languid dresses for fall couture) and space-age minimalism (one ready-to-wear show featured white-clad models drifting around a sterile-white sphere) has drawn new attention to the Givenchy brand. Reviews and output so far have been mixed and inconsistent, but many, including influential fashion critics (such as Cathy Horyn of \"The New York Times\" and Suzy Menkes of the \"International Herald Tribune\") have honed in on Tisci's conceptual"
},
{
"title": "Riccardo Tisci",
"text": " leanings, as well as his future potential for revitalizing the Givenchy brand and infusing it with his precision and imagination.</s><s>Early life and education. Tisci was born in Taranto and raised in Como. He graduated from London's Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design in 1999.</s><s>Career.</s><s>Career.:Early beginnings. Upon graduation, Tisci worked for companies such as Puma, Antonio Berardi and Coccapani before signing a three-year contract with Ruffo Research, a company that has helped launch the careers of several fashion designers, such as Sophia Kokosalaki. Tisci has mentioned in an interview that he would like to work with an Iranian brand, although it is not known how realistic his wish is. Upon the expiration of his contract in July 2004, Tisci spent time living in India, where he began to work on his own collection. In September 2004, during the Milan Fashion Week, Tisci debuted his first Riccardo Tisci Collection for Fall 2005/2006 in an off-calendar show.</s><s>Career.:Givenchy, 2005–2017. In February 2005, Tisci was appointed as the creative director of the haute cout"
},
{
"title": "Riccardo Tisci",
"text": "ure, ready-to-wear and accessories lines for Givenchy. Brought to Givenchy by LVMH COO Antonio Belloni and Givenchy CEO Marco Gobbetti, Gobbetti called Tisci a \"perfect fit for us... He [Tisci] has an elegance that is very modern, very contemporary and romantic at the same time\". Tisci presented his first Givenchy haute couture collection in July 2005 during the Fashion Week in Paris. Tisci, under Givenchy, designed the costumes for Madonna's \"Sticky & Sweet Tour\" in 2008, following Jean Paul Gaultier and Dolce & Gabbana. In 2009, for the encore of the tour he designed another costume for the tour's opening song \"Candy Shop\". In February 2017 Tisci stepped down as creative director of Givenchy, \"I now wish to focus on my personal interests and passions.\"</s><s>Career.:Burberry, 2018–2022. In 2018, Tisci was named by Burberry to replace Christopher Bailey as the brand's chief creative officer. His tenure lasted through to September 2022 when it was announced that Tisci would be replaced at the helm of Burberry's creative efforts by English designer Daniel Lee"
},
{
"title": "Riccardo Tisci",
"text": ".</s><s>Style. Unlike the designers before him who succeeded Mr. Givenchy himself, Tisci has had particular success in haute couture, where he asserts \"When I arrived we had five customers. Now we have 29\". Riccardo Tisci's runway presentations are highly stylized in terms of architecture and space. Tisci says of this: \"My way of showing is very melancholic... I love romanticism and sensuality\". For the Givenchy Fall-Winter 2010 collection, he included a new model, Lea T, a transgender woman from Brazil, his longtime personal assistant.</s><s>Collaborations. Throughout his career, Tisci's numerous connections and relationships have enabled him to collaborate with well-known artists on various projects: - 2008—Was invited to curate the issue 8 of A-Anna Magazine curated by. - 2010—Celebrated the end of the exhibit \"The artist is present\" at a dinner for Marina Abramović; afterwards, she was chosen to appear in a campaign for Spring-Summer 2013 of Givenchy. - 2011—Guest-edited Visionaire's RELIGION issue. - 2011—Collaborated with the perfumer Francois Demachy to make the perfume Le Dahlia Noir."
},
{
"title": "Riccardo Tisci",
"text": " - 2011—Curated issue #8 of A Magazine, in which he featured artwork by Ray Caesar as a source of his creative inspiration. - 2013—Dressed the singer Rihanna for her Diamond World Tour. - 2014—Collaborated with Beyoncé and Jay-Z for the On the Run Tour. - 2014—Collaborated with Nike to create a series of Air Force 1 shoes. - 2016—Launched a 30 piece sportswear collaboration with Nike called NikeLab x RT: Training Redefined, aimed at Olympic athletes for the 2016 Summer Olympics as everyday gym users. - 2018—Collaborated with NikeLab again, creating a fictional basketball team's apparel and footwear. In addition to his position at Givenchy, Tisci has collaborated with the choreographers Sidi Larbi Cherkaoui and Damien Jalet on the costume design of the orchestral ballet Boléro by Maurice Ravel at the Opéra Garnier. Italian model Mariacarla Boscono often appears in his runway shows and ad campaigns, owing possibly to the fact that Tisci has had a friendship with her since before his days at Givenchy. Tisci also collaborated with American rappers Jay-Z and Kanye West to create the cover for"
},
{
"title": "Riccardo Tisci",
"text": " \"Watch the Throne\", as well as the covers for singles H•A•M and Otis. He has also collaborated again with Kanye West for his label GOOD Music on their album \"Cruel Summer\".</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Riccardo Tisci",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Europe/Middle East"
}
|
factscore-000335
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Daniel Ek.
|
[
{
"title": "Daniel Ek",
"text": "<s>Daniel Ek Daniel Ek (born 21 February 1983) is a Swedish billionaire entrepreneur and technologist. He is the co-founder and CEO of music streaming service Spotify.</s><s>Early life and education. Ek grew up in the Rågsved district of Stockholm, Sweden. He graduated from high school in IT-Gymnasiet in Sundbyberg in 2002, and subsequently studied engineering at the KTH Royal Institute of Technology, before dropping out to focus on his IT career.</s><s>Business career.</s><s>Business career.:Career. Ek served in a senior role at Nordic auction company Tradera which was acquired by eBay in 2006. Ek also served as the CTO of the browser-based game and fashion community Stardoll. Ek later started another company Advertigo, an online advertising company. Advertigo was sold to TradeDoubler in 2006. After selling Advertigo, Ek briefly became the CEO of μTorrent, working with μTorrent founder Ludvig Strigeus. This ended when μTorrent was sold to BitTorrent on December 7, 2006. Strigeus would later join Ek as a Spotify developer.</s><s>Business career.:Spotify. The sale of Advertigo as well as his previous work made Ek wealthy enough"
},
{
"title": "Daniel Ek",
"text": " that he decided to retire. However, after a few months, he realized he wanted a new project, leading to his founding Spotify. Ek first had the idea for Spotify in 2002 when peer-to-peer music service Napster shut down and another illegal site Kazaa took over. Ek said he \"realized that you can never legislate away from piracy. Laws can definitely help, but it doesn't take away the problem. The only way to solve the problem was to create a service that was better than piracy and at the same time compensates the music industry – that gave us Spotify.\" Ek incorporated Spotify AB with Martin Lorentzon in Stockholm, Sweden in 2006. Lorentzon had previously worked at and co-founded TradeDoubler which had acquired Ek's previous company Advertigo. In October 2008, the company launched its legal music streaming service Spotify. Initially, Spotify ran on a peer-to-peer distribution model, similar to μTorrent, but switched to a server-client model in 2014. Ek serves as CEO of Spotify. In October 2015, Spotify co-founder Martin Lorentzon announced he would be stepping down as chairman and Ek would be taking over alongside his current role as CEO. As of April 2019, Spotify has 217 million"
},
{
"title": "Daniel Ek",
"text": " active users and as of June 2017 had raised over $2.5 billion in venture funding. In 2017, Ek was named the most powerful person in the music industry by \"Billboard\". In May 2022, Ek invested an additional $50 million to acquire more Spotify shares, citing an optimistic future outlook for the streaming giant. Spotify at that time had 182 million paying subscribers and was growing at 15% year on year.</s><s>Political positions. In 2016, Ek and fellow Spotify co-founder Martin Lorentzon wrote an open letter on the blogging platform Medium to the Swedish government saying that if certain changes to Swedish law regarding housing, taxation, and education are not made, Spotify will be forced to relocate from the country. More specifically, Ek claims that the high taxes in Sweden on stock options makes it difficult to incentivize programmers to work at startups when startups have trouble competing with larger companies on salary. Moreover, Ek claims the Swedish permitting policy is overly restrictive, limiting the supply of affordable housing.</s><s>Personal life. In 2016, Ek married Sofia Levander, his longtime partner, at Lake Como. At Ek's wedding, Bruno Mars was invited to perform and Chris Rock officiated; he invited numerous guests, including Mark Zuckerberg. Ek and his wife have two"
},
{
"title": "Daniel Ek",
"text": " children together. Ek is a lifelong supporter of Premier League club Arsenal, and, in April 2021, expressed an interest in purchasing the football club if it were put up for sale. In May 2021, Ek made an offer to buy the club for approximately £1.8 billion, which was rejected by the owners.</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Daniel Ek",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Europe/Middle East"
}
|
factscore-000336
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Jeremy Northam.
|
[
{
"title": "Jeremy Northam",
"text": "<s>Jeremy Northam Jeremy Philip Northam (born 1 December 1961) is an English actor and singer. After a number of television roles, he earned attention as Mr. Knightley in the 1996 film adaptation of Jane Austen's \"Emma\". He has appeared in the films \"An Ideal Husband\", \"Gosford Park\", \"Amistad\", \"The Winslow Boy\", \"Enigma\", \"Cypher\", \"Dean Spanley\", and \"Martin and Lewis\", amongst others. He also played Thomas More in the Showtime series \"The Tudors\". From 2016 to 2017 he appeared as Anthony Eden in the Netflix series \"The Crown\".</s><s>Early life and education. Northam was born in Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, the youngest of four children. His mother, Rachel (née Howard), was a potter and professor of economics, and his father, John Northam, was a professor of literature and theatre, as well as being an Ibsen specialist and lecturer (first at Clare College, Cambridge and later at Bristol). He has described his upbringing as not wealthy, but warm. Northam was educated at King's College School, Cambridge, Bristol Grammar School and Bedford College, London (B.A. English, 1984"
},
{
"title": "Jeremy Northam",
"text": ") now part of Royal Holloway, University of London,{{Citation }} and trained at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School.</s><s>Career.</s><s>Career.:Screen and stage. Northam performed at the Royal National Theatre – he replaced both Ian Charleson and Daniel Day-Lewis in the role of \"Hamlet\" (1989) when they had to withdraw and won the Olivier Award in 1990 for \"most promising newcomer\" for his performance in \"The Voysey Inheritance\". He has appeared frequently in British films such as \"Carrington\" (1995), \"Emma\" (1996), \"The Winslow Boy\" (1999), \"An Ideal Husband\" (1999), \"Enigma\" (2001) and as Welsh actor and singer Ivor Novello in \"Gosford Park\" (2001). He made his American film debut in \"The Net\" (1995). In 2002 he starred in the film \"Cypher\". That same year, he portrayed singer Dean Martin in the CBS film \"Martin and Lewis\" and golfer Walter Hagen in \"\" in 2004. In 2007 and 2008, he portrayed Thomas More on the Showtime series, \"The Tudors\". He played John Brodie Innes in the 2009 film \""
},
{
"title": "Jeremy Northam",
"text": "Creation\", based on the life of Charles Darwin. In the 2015 film \"The Man Who Knew Infinity\", he portrayed the philosopher Bertrand Russell. He played British Prime Minister Anthony Eden in the 2016 Netflix drama series \"The Crown\".</s><s>Career.:Other work. His audiobook work includes \"The Silver Chair\" by C. S. Lewis for Harper Audio and \"A Death Divided\" by Clare Francis for Macmillan. For SilkSoundBooks, he recorded \"The Real Thing and Other Short Stories\" and \"The Aspern Papers\", both written by Henry James. In 2007 he recorded Gerard Manley Hopkins poems for \"The Great Poets\" edition for Naxos Audiobooks. In 2009, he recorded \"Our Man in Havana\" by Graham Greene for CSA Word. He recorded the audio book \"Dark Matter\", a ghost story by Michelle Paver, in September 2010; it was released on 21 October 2010, by Orion. In the \"Gosford Park\" soundtrack, Northam sings the Ivor Novello songs \"And Her Mother Came Too\", \"What a Duke Should Be\", \"Why Isn't It You\", \"I Can Give You the Starlight\" and \"The Land of Might Have Been\" accompanied"
},
{
"title": "Jeremy Northam",
"text": " by his brother Christopher on piano.</s><s>Theatre. - Edward Voysey, \"The Voysey Inheritance\", National Theatre Company, Cottesloe Theatre, London, 1989 - Also appeared in productions of \"School for Scandal\" and \"The Shaughraun\", National Theatre Company. - Osric, then later title role, \"Hamlet\", National Theatre Company, Olivier Theatre, London, 1989 - \"The Three Sisters\", 1991 - \"The Way of the World\", 1992 - Philip, \"The Gift of the Gorgon\", Royal Shakespeare Company, The Pit (theatre), London, 1992 - Elomire, \"La Bête\", Really Useful Theatre Company, 1993 - Berowne, \"Love's Labour's Lost\", Royal Shakespeare Company, Barbican Theatre, London, 1994 - Mr. Horner, \"The Country Wife\", Royal Shakespeare Company, Pit Theatre, 1994 - Obstetrician, \"Certain Young Men\", Almeida Theatre, London, 1999 - \"Old Times\", Donmar Warehouse Theatre, London, 2004 - Richard Greatham, \"Hay Fever\", Noël Coward Theatre, London, 2012</s><s>Personal life. Northam married Canadian film/television make-up artist Liz Moro in April"
},
{
"title": "Jeremy Northam",
"text": " 2005, though they later divorced. He has said he wished he took life less seriously.</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Jeremy Northam",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Europe/Middle East"
}
|
factscore-000337
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Charley Boorman.
|
[
{
"title": "Charley Boorman",
"text": "<s>Charley Boorman Charley Boorman (born 23 August 1966) is a British TV presenter, travel writer and actor. A motorbike enthusiast, Boorman has made three long-distance motorcycle rides with his friend Ewan McGregor, documented in \"Long Way Round\" (2004), \"Long Way Down\" (2007), and \"Long Way Up\" (2020).</s><s>Early life and background. Born in Wimbledon, London, Boorman spent much of his formative years in County Wicklow, Ireland. Boorman is the son of German costume designer Christel Kruse and film director Sir John Boorman. Lee Marvin, a lifelong friend of his father, was Charley's godfather. Boorman attended three schools in Ireland: St Gerard's School (Bray, County Wicklow) and St Oliver Plunkett Primary School (Monkstown, County Dublin), both Roman Catholic schools, the latter a school dedicated to teaching children with dyslexia. He also attended the German-language medium school, St Kilians Deutsche Schule (Dublin). In England, he went on to attend Sibford School, a Quaker school near Banbury, Oxfordshire (from 1980 to 1983).</s><s>Early life and background.:Marriage."
},
{
"title": "Charley Boorman",
"text": " He and his wife Olivia have two daughters and live in London.</s><s>Acting career. At an early age, Boorman started appearing in films directed by his father. His first role was in \"Deliverance\" (1972). Boorman played a young Mordred in \"Excalibur\" (1981) (joined by his older sister Katrine Boorman who played Ygraine, Mordred's grandmother), then in 1985 played a leading role in \"The Emerald Forest\". In 1987 he had a non-speaking role in \"Hope and Glory\" as a young German Luftwaffe pilot parachuting into wartime London, having been shot down; his sister Katrine also appeared in that film. His further acting appearances include \"The Serpent's Kiss\" (1997), on which he met Ewan McGregor, and \"The Bunker\" (2001).</s><s>Theatre show. In 2007, Boorman appeared on stage in Newcastle upon Tyne at the Tyne Theatre. The 'evening with' style show then went on a tour around the UK and Ireland in 2010. Around this time Boorman revealed he had testicular cancer. Caught early, he had a testicle removed and has since been a supporter of Movember. Boorman was given the"
},
{
"title": "Charley Boorman",
"text": " all-clear, but continued telling audiences across the country about his ordeal, encouraging more men to be aware and get checked out early if there was any concern. In 2011, the Charley Boorman Live show toured the UK and Ireland again, following a similar format to the first tour but without support acts. Boorman also began promoting African Adventures, which are commercial 17-day BMW motorcycle trips across Africa. Taking 50 riders from Cape Town to Victoria Falls, Boorman used various technologies to help promote the trip, including a GPS satellite tracking device allowing people to follow the trip day by day.</s><s>Charity work. Boorman has supported the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) since 2004, carrying out a number of visits to UNICEF projects, which have been noted in his television programmes \"Long Way Round\", \"Long Way Down\" and \"By Any Means\". In 2009, Boorman was made president of Dyslexia Action; he is dyslexic. Boorman has been on many visits to Dyslexia Action's regional centres and was involved in the charity's appeal \"It's ME!\". He also supported its school initiative \"P4L\" (Partnership for Literacy). Boorman recently participated in a live web chat for"
},
{
"title": "Charley Boorman",
"text": " the charity where he answered questions about his dyslexia and his various adventures. In 2009, Boorman went to Helmand Province, Afghanistan and visited troops. Kandahar and Bastion were the two key camps he visited, just before Christmas. In February 2014 and November 2016 Boorman presented Gold Duke of Edinburgh's Awards at St James's Palace, on behalf of The Duke of Edinburgh.</s><s>Accident. Boorman was involved in a serious accident whilst test riding a motorbike with journalists in Portugal in 2016. Boorman broke both legs after colliding with a wall whilst avoiding a car that pulled out in front of him. He then broke his hip riding a Vespa whilst still in recovery. After a period reliant on a wheelchair, Boorman is back riding, but now walks with a limp as his left leg is 1 cm shorter than his right after operations to repair the breaks.</s><s>Presenting career.</s><s>Presenting career.:\"Long Way Round\". In 2004, Ewan McGregor and Boorman undertook an international motorcycle journey from London to New York, riding east across Europe, Asia, and North America. This was recorded for a popular television series and book.</s><s>Presenting career.:\"Race to Dakar\". Along with producer Russ"
},
{
"title": "Charley Boorman",
"text": " Malkin (from \"Long Way Round\") and a motorbike team, Boorman competed in the 2006 Dakar Rally in January 2006. The event was filmed and the series \"Race to Dakar\" began on Sky2 in the United Kingdom in October 2006. During the rally Boorman injured himself and was forced to retire from the race after five days.</s><s>Presenting career.:\"Long Way Down\". In 2007, he took another journey with McGregor: \"Long Way Down\", a trip from John o' Groats in Scotland, to Cape Town, South Africa. This was televised on BBC2 starting in October 2007. During this initial programme, it became public knowledge that Boorman's wife was undergoing treatment for pneumonia, but had insisted that he complete the trip.</s><s>Presenting career.:\"By Any Means\". In 2008, Boorman produced \"By Any Means\", which started in his hometown in County Wicklow, ending in Sydney. He set out to complete the journey \"by any means\", using local transport appropriate to the area being travelled, and using air travel only when necessary.</s><s>Presenting career.:\"Right to the Edge: Sydney to Tokyo By Any Means\". In 2009, Boorman undertook a journey titled \"Right to the Edge:"
},
{
"title": "Charley Boorman",
"text": " Sydney to Tokyo By Any Means\", travelling from Sydney to Tokyo via the Pacific Rim. The programme documenting this trip has been shown on BBC2 in the UK.</s><s>Presenting career.:\"World's Most Dangerous Roads: Alaska\". Boorman appeared with Sue Perkins in Series 1 of the BBC TV series \"World's Most Dangerous Roads: Alaska\", shown in 2011, in which they drove the Dalton Highway.</s><s>Presenting career.:\"Charley Boorman's Extreme Frontiers\". In 2011, Boorman presented a prime-time adventure series for Channel 5, \"Charley Boorman's Extreme Frontiers\". This show was another collaboration between Boorman and producer-director Russ Malkin, who made frequent on-screen appearances. \"Extreme Frontiers\" claimed to 'take in all four extremities of Canada'. Accompanying the show was book and DVD. In 2012, Boorman continued the series in a South African setting. From 9 June to 22 July 2012, Boorman and his team journeyed around South Africa on two motorbikes and a 4-wheel vehicle.</s><s>Presenting career.:\"Charley Boorman USA Adventure\". Boorman and Malkin returned on Channel 5 at the end of 2013 for his next trip, which was in"
},
{
"title": "Charley Boorman",
"text": " the US. Starting in Hawaii, he moves to Alaska, then to the Eastern seaboard and down to the Southern states, inland to the Gulf of Mexico, up again to the Rockies and finishing on the Pacific Coast at Los Angeles</s><s>Presenting career.:\"Long Way Up\". Boorman and McGregor traveled in 2019 from the southernmost tip of South America up to Los Angeles, on electric Harley-Davidson LiveWire motorbikes.</s><s>Presenting career.:\"Motorbike TV\". In 2022 Boorman began presenting Motorbike TV, a motorcycle magazine entertainment show for Motorsport.TV.</s><s>Filmography.</s><s>Filmography.:Film. - \"Deliverance\" (1972) - Ed's Boy - \"Excalibur\" (1981) - Boy Mordred - \"Nemo\" (1984) - Cunegond / lift Operator - \"The Emerald Forest\" (1985) - Tomme - \"Hope and Glory\" (1987) - Luftwaffe Pilot - \"Ada dans la jungle\" (1988) - Nancy - \"Mister Frost\" (1990) - Thief - \"Connemara\" (1990) - Loup - \"Massacres\" (1991) - Ronny - \"Beyond Rang"
},
{
"title": "Charley Boorman",
"text": "oon\" (1995) - Photographer - \"Two Nudes Bathing\" (1995, Short) - The Painter - \"The Serpent's Kiss\" (1997) - Secretary - \"Cannes Man\" (1997) - Himself - \"Cash in Hand\" (1998) - George Tompkins - \"The Bunker\" (2001) - Pfc. Franke - \"I, Cesar\" (2003) - Charley Fitzpatrick - \"In My Country\" (2004) - Adam Hartley - \"Travellers\" (2011) - Brian Seaborn - \"David Knight: Iron Man of Enduro\" (2004) - Himself - Narrator</s><s>Bibliography. - \"Long Way Round\" (2004 – With Ewan McGregor) - \"Race to Dakar\" (2006) - \"Long Way Down\" (2007 – With Ewan McGregor) - \"By Any Means\" (2008) - \"\" (2009) - \"Extreme frontiers\" (2011) - \"Long Way Back\" - Autobiography (2017)</s><s>References. - Holmstrom, John. \"The Moving Picture Boy: An International Encyclopaedia from 1895 to 1995\". Norwich, Michael Russell, 1996, p. 363.</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Charley Boorman",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Europe/Middle East"
}
|
factscore-000338
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Erich Hartmann.
|
[
{
"title": "Erich Hartmann",
"text": "<s>Erich Hartmann Erich Alfred Hartmann (19 April 1922 – 20 September 1993) was a German fighter pilot during World War II and the most successful fighter ace in the history of aerial warfare. He flew 1,404 combat missions and participated in aerial combat on 825 separate occasions. He was credited with shooting down a total of 352 Allied aircraft: 345 Soviet and seven American while serving with the Luftwaffe. During the course of his career, Hartmann was forced to crash-land his fighter 16 times due either to mechanical failure or damage received from parts of enemy aircraft he had shot down; he was never shot down by direct enemy action. Hartmann, a pre-war glider pilot, joined the Luftwaffe in 1940 and completed his fighter pilot training in 1942. He was posted to the veteran Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52) on the Eastern Front and placed under the supervision of some of the Luftwaffes most experienced fighter pilots. Under their guidance, Hartmann steadily developed his tactics. On 29 October 1943, Hartmann was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross for 148 enemy aircraft destroyed and the Oak Leaves to the Knight's Cross for 202 enemy aircraft on 2 March 1944. Exactly"
},
{
"title": "Erich Hartmann",
"text": " four months later, he received the Swords to the Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves for 268 enemy aircraft shot down. Ultimately, Hartmann earned the coveted Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds on 25 August 1944 for 301 aerial victories. At the time of its presentation to Hartmann, this was Germany's highest military decoration. Hartmann achieved his 352nd and last aerial victory at midday on 8 May 1945, hours before the German surrender. Along with the remainder of JG 52, he surrendered to United States Army forces and was turned over to the Red Army. In an attempt to pressure him into service with the Soviet-aligned East German National People's Army, he was tried on war crimes charges and convicted. Hartmann was initially sentenced to 20 years of imprisonment, later increased to 25 years, and spent 10 years in Soviet prison camps and gulags until he was released in 1955. In 1997, the Russian Federation (posthumously) relieved him of all charges. In 1956, Hartmann joined the newly established West German Air Force in the \"Bundeswehr\", and became the first \"Geschwaderkommodore\" of Jagdgeschwader 71 \"Richthofen\". He was forced"
},
{
"title": "Erich Hartmann",
"text": " into retirement in 1970 due to his opposition to the procurement of the F-104 Starfighter over safety concerns. In his later years, after his military career had ended, he became a civilian flight instructor. Hartmann died on 20 September 1993 at age 71.</s><s>Early life and career. Erich Hartmann was born on 19 April 1922 in Weissach, Württemberg, to Doctor Alfred Erich Hartmann and his wife, Elisabeth Wilhelmine Machtholf. The economic depression that followed World War I in Germany prompted Doctor Hartmann to find work in China, and Erich spent his early childhood there. The family was forced to return to Germany in 1928, when the Chinese Civil War broke out. During World War II, Hartmann's younger brother, Alfred, also joined the Luftwaffe, serving as a gunner on a Junkers Ju 87 in North Africa. Alfred Hartmann was captured by the British and spent four years as a prisoner of war. Hartmann was educated at the \"Volksschule\" in Weil im Schönbuch (April 1928 – April 1932), the Gymnasium in Böblingen (April 1932 – April 1936), the National Political Institutes of Education (Nazi Secondary Education School"
},
{
"title": "Erich Hartmann",
"text": ") in Rottweil (April 1936 – April 1937), and the Gymnasium in Korntal (April 1937 – April 1940), from which he received his Abitur. It was at Korntal that he met his wife-to-be, Ursula \"Usch\" Paetsch. Hartmann's flying career began when he joined the glider training program of the fledgling Luftwaffe and was taught to fly by his mother, one of the first female glider pilots in Germany. The Hartmanns also owned a light aircraft but were forced to sell it in 1932 as the German economy collapsed. The rise to power of the Nazi Party in 1933 resulted in government support for gliding, and, in 1936, Elisabeth Hartmann established the glider club in Weil im Schönbuch for locals and served as instructor. The 14-year-old Hartmann became a gliding instructor in the Hitler Youth. In 1937, he gained his pilot's license, allowing him to fly powered aircraft. Hartmann began his military training on 1 October 1940 at the 10th Flying Regiment in Neukuhren. On 1 March 1941, he progressed to the \"Luftkriegsschule\" 2 (Air War School"
},
{
"title": "Erich Hartmann",
"text": " 2) in Berlin-Gatow, making his first flight with an instructor four days later, followed in just under three weeks by his first solo flight. He completed his basic flying training in October 1941 and began advanced flight training at pre-fighter school 2 in Lachen-Speyerdorf on 1 November 1941. There, Hartmann learned combat techniques and gunnery skills. His advanced pilot training was completed on 31 January 1942, and, between 1 March 1942 and 20 August 1942, he learned to fly the Messerschmitt Bf 109 at the \"Jagdfliegerschule\" 2 (Fighter Pilot School 2). Hartmann's time as a trainee pilot did not always go smoothly. On 31 March 1942, during a gunnery training flight, he ignored regulations and performed some aerobatics in his Bf 109 over the Zerbst airfield. His punishment was a week of confinement to quarters with the loss of two-thirds of his pay in fines. Hartmann later recalled that the incident saved his life: That week confined to my room actually saved my life. I had been scheduled to go up on a gunnery flight the afternoon that I was confined. My roommate took the flight instead of me, in an aircraft"
},
{
"title": "Erich Hartmann",
"text": " I had been scheduled to fly. Shortly after he took off, while on his way to the gunnery range, he developed engine trouble and had to crash-land near the Hindenburg-Kattowitz railroad. He was killed in the crash. Afterward, Hartmann practised diligently and adopted a new credo which he passed on to other young pilots: \"Fly with your head, not with your muscles.\" During a gunnery practice session in June 1942, he hit a target drogue with 24 of the allotted 50 rounds of machine-gun fire, a feat that was considered difficult to achieve. His training had qualified him to fly 17 different types of powered aircraft, and, following his graduation, he was posted on 21 August 1942 to \"Ergänzungs-Jagdgruppe Ost\" (Supplementary Fighter Group, East) in Kraków, Upper Silesia, where he remained until 10 October 1942.</s><s>World War II. In October 1942, Hartmann was assigned to fighter wing \"Jagdgeschwader\" 52 (JG 52), based at Maykop on the Eastern Front in the Soviet Union. The wing was equipped with the Messerschmitt Bf 109G, but Hart"
},
{
"title": "Erich Hartmann",
"text": "mann and several other pilots were initially given the task of ferrying Junkers Ju 87 Stukas down to Mariupol. His first flight ended with brake failure, causing the Stuka to crash into and destroy the controller's hut. Hartmann was assigned to III. \"Gruppe\" of JG 52, led by \"Gruppenkommandeur\" (group commander) Major Hubertus von Bonin, and placed under the experienced \"Oberfeldwebel\" Edmund \"Paule\" Roßmann, although he also flew with such experienced pilots as Alfred Grislawski, Hans Dammers and Josef Zwernemann. After a few days of intensive mock combats and practice flights, Grislawski conceded that, although Hartmann had much to learn regarding combat tactics, he was a talented pilot. Hartmann was placed as wingman to Paule Roßmann, who acted as his teacher, and one of the factors that enabled Hartmann's success. Grislawski also gave Hartmann pointers on where to aim. Hartmann eventually adopted the tactic \"See – Decide – Attack – Break\". The tactics were learned from Roßmann who had been injured in one arm and was not"
},
{
"title": "Erich Hartmann",
"text": " able to fly in physically demanding dogfights. Roßmann's solution was to \"stand off\", evaluate the situation, then select a target that was not taking evasive action and destroy it at close range.</s><s>World War II.:Early aerial combat. On 19 September 1942, III. \"Gruppe\" had relocated to an airfield named Soldatskaja, located approximately halfway between Mozdok and Pyatigorsk. The \"Gruppe\" stayed at this airfield until 1 January 1943. During this period, the pilots occasionally also operated from airfields at Mozdok (15, 18, 19, 21, 22 and 23 October) and from Digora (5 to 17 November 1942), supporting Army Group A in the Battle of the Caucasus. Hartmann flew his first combat mission on 14 October 1942 as Roßmann's wingman. When they encountered 10 enemy aircraft below, an impatient Hartmann opened full throttle and separated from Roßmann. He engaged an enemy fighter, but failed to score any hits and nearly collided with it. He then ran for cover in low cloud, and his mission subsequently ended with a crash landing after his aircraft ran out of fuel. Hartmann had violated almost every rule of air-to-air"
},
{
"title": "Erich Hartmann",
"text": " combat, and von Bonin sentenced him to three days of working with the ground crew. According to Günther Rall, who later became Hartmann's \"Gruppenkommandeur\", Roßmann refused to fly with Hartmann again following this incident. Hartmann was then paired up with Grislawski as his wingman. Twenty-two days later, Hartmann claimed his first victory, an Ilyushin Il-2 \"Sturmovik\" of the 7th Guards Ground Attack Aviation Regiment, but by the end of 1942, he had added only one more victory to his tally. As with many high-claiming aces, it took him some time to establish himself as a consistently successful fighter pilot. On 5 November 1942, debris from an Il-2 damaged his Bf 109 G-2 engine resulting in a forced landing at Digora. His \"Gruppe\" was moved to the combat area of the Kuban bridgehead on 1 April 1943 where it was based at an airfield at Taman. Operating from Taman until 2 July, III. \"Gruppe\" also flew missions from Kerch on 12 May, from Sarabuz and Saky on 14 May, Zü"
},
{
"title": "Erich Hartmann",
"text": "richtal, present-day Solote Pole, a village near the urban settlement Kirovske on 23 May, and Yevpatoria on 25/26 June. Hartmann's youthful appearance earned him the nickname \"Bubi\" (the hypocoristic form of \"young boy\" in the German language; roughly equivalent to \"Kid\"), and Walter Krupinski, to whom Hartmann was assigned as wingman, would constantly urge him: \"Hey, Bubi, get in closer\" or chastise him with \"What was that, Bubi?\" The danger of this method was evident on 25 May 1943 when he collided with a Soviet fighter instead of shooting it down. Nevertheless, Hartmann steadily improved. In Krupinski's absence, from the third week of May to the first week of August, Hartmann's number of claims rose from 17 to 60. In preparation for Operation Citadel, III. \"Gruppe\" was relocated to the central sector of the eastern Front. The \"Gruppe\" first moved to Zaporizhzhia and then to Ugrim on 3 July. There, under the command of \"Luftflotte\" 4, they supported Army Group South fighting on the southern flank of the salient. On 5"
},
{
"title": "Erich Hartmann",
"text": " July Hartmann claimed four victories during the large dogfights that took place during the Battle of Kursk. The day ended badly when Hartmann was unable to prevent Krupinski from being shot down and wounded over Ugrim airfield. Hartmann remarked; \"the departure of Krupinski was a severe strike against the \"Staffel\", and particularly against me.\" According to authors Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike and Bock, Krupinski was injured when his aircraft flipped on its back during landing in an attempt to evade other Bf 109s taking off. During Krupinski's convalescence, Hartmann served as temporary \"Staffelkapitän\" (squadron leader) of 7. \"Staffel\" until 12 August. Hartmann began to score successes regularly in a target rich environment. On 7 July, he for the first time became an \"ace-in-a-day\", claiming seven aerial victories that day, three Il-2 ground attack aircraft and four Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov (LaGG) fighters. This figure includes two Il-2s from the 1 ShAK regiment claimed shot down on an early morning mission. On 8 July, he claimed four"
},
{
"title": "Erich Hartmann",
"text": " aerial victories and three the next day. On the former date, Hartmann claimed two aircraft on each mission he flew. In the first, Soviet records show at least one La-5 was lost. Major Tokarev of the 40 IAP (Fighter Aviation Regiment—\"Istrebitelny Aviatsionny Polk\") was killed. In the afternoon, a two-man patrol with Rall resulted in two claims, and a third for Rall. A Soviet after-battle analysis mentioned this specific engagement; \"Eight Yak-1s in the Provorot region observed two Me 109s off their flight path. Paying no attention to the enemy aircraft our fighters continued. Seizing a convenient moment, the German fighters attacked our aircraft and shot down three Yak-1s.\" At the start of August 1943, his tally stood at 42, but Hartmann's tally had more than doubled by the end. The Red Army began a counteroffensive in the region to contain the German operation and destroy its forces (Operation Kutuzov and Operation Polkovodets Rumyantsev). JG 52 was engaged in defensive operations throughout the month. On 1 August 1943, Hartmann again became an \"ace-in-a day\" by claiming"
},
{
"title": "Erich Hartmann",
"text": " five victories over LaGG fighters. Another four followed on 3 August and five on 4 August. On 5 August, III. \"Gruppe\" was ordered to an airfield named Kharkov-Rogan, east of Kharkov where they fought against the Soviet Belgorod–Kharkov offensive operation. That day, he again claimed five aircraft destroyed, followed a single on 6 August, and a further five on 7 August. On 8 and 9 August he claimed another four Soviet fighters. Hartmann's last claim of the month came on the 20th, when he accounted for an IL-2 for his 90th victory. The next month, on 2 September, he was appointed \"Staffelkapitän\" of 9./JG 52. He replaced \"Leutnant\" Berthold Korts in this capacity who had been reported missing in action on 29 August. In his first year of operational service, Hartmann felt a distinct lack of respect towards Soviet pilots. Most Soviet fighters did not even have effective gunsights and their pilots, some cases in the early weeks, were forced to draw one on the windscreen by hand: \"In the early days, incredible as it may seem, there was no reason for you to"
},
{
"title": "Erich Hartmann",
"text": " feel fear if the Russian fighter was behind you. With their hand-painted gunsights they couldn't pull the lead properly (deflection shooting) or hit you.\" Hartmann also considered the Bell P-39 Airacobra, the Curtiss P-40 Warhawk, and the Hawker Hurricane to be inferior to the Focke-Wulf Fw 190 and Bf 109, although they did provide the Soviets with valuable gunsight technology. Hartmann said the German pilots themselves still learned from their enemy. Oil freezing in the DB 605 engines of the Bf 109G-6s made them difficult to start in the extreme cold of the Russian winter. A captured Soviet airman showed them how pouring fuel into the aircraft's oil sump would thaw the oil and enable the engine to start on the first try. Another solution, also learned from the Soviets, was to ignite fuel under the engine.</s><s>World War II.:Fighting techniques. In contrast to Hans-Joachim Marseille, who was a marksman and expert in the art of deflection shooting, Hartmann was a master of stalk-and-ambush tactics, preferring to ambush and fire at close range rather than dogfight. When the decorated British test pilot"
},
{
"title": "Erich Hartmann",
"text": " Captain Eric Brown asked Hartmann how he had accomplished his total, Hartmann remarked, that along with firing at close range, inadequate Soviet defensive armament and manoeuvre tactics allowed him to claim a victim in every attack. His preferred method of attack was to hold fire until extremely close ( or less), then unleash a short burst at point-blank range—a technique he learned while flying as wingman of his former commander, Walter Krupinski, who favoured this approach. This technique, as opposed to long-range shooting, allowed him to: - Reveal his position only at the last possible moment - Compensate for the low muzzle velocity of the slower-firing 30 mm MK 108 equipping some of the later Bf 109 models (though most of his victories were claimed with Messerschmitts equipped with the high-velocity 20mm MG 151 cannon) - Place his shots accurately with minimum waste of ammunition - Prevent the adversary from taking evasive action Hartmann's guidance amplified the need to detect while remaining undetected. His approach was described by himself by the motto: \"See–Decide–Attack–Reverse\"; observe the enemy, decide how to proceed with the attack, make the attack, and then disengage to re"
},
{
"title": "Erich Hartmann",
"text": "-evaluate the situation. Hartmann's instinct was to select an easy target or withdraw and seek a more favorable situation. Once the attack was over, the rule was to vacate the area; survival was paramount. Another attack could be executed if the pilot could re-enter the combat zone with the advantage. If attacked in-kind Hartmann flew straight and used the rudder [yaw] to point the Bf 109 in a slightly different direction to mislead the attacker in the amount of deflection needed. Hartmann then forced the column into the corner of the cockpit beginning the outside rotation of an oblique loop. It was an emergency measure if ambushed and it saved his life several times. These tactics inflated Hartmann's successes over the summer of 1943. By 7 July he had claimed 21 Soviet aircraft destroyed and by 20 September he had claimed over 100.</s><s>World War II.:Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. The demands on fighter pilots increased after Kursk. In early August Hartmann flew 20 missions totalling 18 hours and 29 minutes in six days. By late August 1943, Hartmann had 90 aerial victories. On 20 August, in combat with Il-2s, his Bf 109 G-6 (\"Werknummer"
},
{
"title": "Erich Hartmann",
"text": "\" 20485—factory number) was damaged by debris, and he was forced to land behind Soviet lines at 06:20 in the vicinity of Artemivsk. Hartmann's \"Geschwaderkommodore\", Dietrich Hrabak, had given orders to Hartmann's unit to support the dive bombers of \"Sturzkampfgeschwader 2\", led by Hans-Ulrich Rudel in a counter-attack. The flight of eight German fighters engaged a mass of Soviet Yakovlev Yak-9 and Lavochkin La-5 fighter aircraft. Hartmann claimed two enemy aircraft before his fighter was hit by debris and he was forced to make an emergency landing. In accordance with regulations, he attempted to recover the precision board clock. As he was doing so, Soviet soldiers approached. Realising that capture was unavoidable, he faked internal injuries. Hartmann's acting so convinced the Soviets that they put him on a stretcher and placed him on a truck. When Hartmann's Crew Chief, Heinz Mertens, heard what had happened, he took a rifle and went to search for Hartmann. Mertens was another important factor behind Hartmann's success, ensuring the aircraft was reliable. Hartmann subsequently escaped"
},
{
"title": "Erich Hartmann",
"text": ", and returned to his unit on 23 August. At least one source suggests the cause of the crash-landing was enemy fire. Lieutenant P. Yevdokimov, flying an IL-2, from the 232 ShAP, may have hit Hartmann. This period was very successful; during five days of August 1943, Hartmann claimed 24 Soviet aircraft in 20 missions. On 18 September, Hartmann downed two Yaks from the 812 IAP regiment for claims 92 and 93. On 20 September 1943, Hartmann was credited with his 100th aerial victory—he claimed four this day to end it on 101. He was the 54th Luftwaffe pilot to achieve the century mark. Nine days later, Hartmann downed the Soviet ace Major Vladimir Semenishin of the 104 GvIAP (Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment—\"Gvardeyskiy Istrebitelny Aviatsionny Polk\") while protecting bombers from \"Kampfgeschwader\" 27 for his 112th victory. In October 1943, Hartmann claimed another 33 aerial victories. On 2 and 12 October he accounted for four victories and achieved a treble on 14, 15 and 20 October and double claims on 24, 25 and 29"
},
{
"title": "Erich Hartmann",
"text": " October. On 29 October, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (), at which point his tally stood at 148. By the end of the year, this had risen to 159. On 14 November 1943, his Bf 109 G-6 (\"Werknummer\" 20499) suffered engine failure resulting in a forced landing at Kirovohrad airfield. On 10 January 1944, III. \"Gruppe\" moved to an airfield at Novokrasne located approximately south-southwest of Novoukrainka. While based at Novokrasne, elements of the \"Gruppe\" also operated from Ivanhorod (11 to 13 January), at Velyka Lepetykha (3 to 22 February), and Mykolaiv (2 to 23 February). In the first two months of 1944, Hartmann claimed over 50 Soviet aircraft. On 22 February, he crashed another Bf 109 G-6 on a transfer flight to Uman. The successes included four on 17 January 1944 and on 26 February, a further 10 fighters were claimed shot down; all of them Soviet-flown P-39s to reach 202. His spectacular rate of success raised a few eyebrows even in the Lu"
},
{
"title": "Erich Hartmann",
"text": "ftwaffe High Command; his claims were double and triple-checked, and his performance closely monitored by an observer flying in his formation. By this time, the Soviet pilots were familiar with Hartmann's radio call sign of \"Karaya 1\", and the Soviet Command had put a price of 10,000 rubles on the German pilot's head. Hartmann was nicknamed the \"Cherniy Chort\" (\"Black Devil\") because of his skill and paint scheme of his aircraft. This scheme was in the shape of a black tulip on the engine cowling; though this became synonymous with Hartmann in reality he flew with the insignia on only five or six occasions. Hartmann's opponents were often reluctant to stay and fight if they noticed his personal design. As a result, this aircraft was often allocated to novices, who could fly it in relative safety. On 21 March, it was Hartmann who claimed JG 52s 3,500th victory of the war. Adversely, the supposed reluctance of the Soviet airmen to fight caused Hartmann's kill rate to drop. Hartmann then had the tulip design removed, and his aircraft painted just like the rest of his unit. Consequently, in the following two months, Hartmann claimed"
},
{
"title": "Erich Hartmann",
"text": " over 50 victories. In March 1944, Hartmann, Gerhard Barkhorn, Walter Krupinski and Johannes Wiese were summoned to Adolf Hitler's \"Berghof\" in Berchtesgaden. Barkhorn was to be honoured with the Swords, while Hartmann, Krupinski and Wiese were to receive the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (). According to Hartmann, all four of them got drunk on cognac and champagne. On arrival at Berchtesgarden, Hartmann was reprimanded by Hitler's adjutant for intoxication and for handling Hitler's hat.</s><s>World War II.:Diamonds to the Knight's Cross. In April and May 1944, 9./JG 52 resisted the Soviet Crimean Offensive. In April Hartmann claimed five victories. In May, Hartmann filed claims number 208 to 231 which included six on 6 May. On 8 May 1944, JG 52 fled the region as the German defence collapsed. JG 52 subsequently took part in the fighting on the Romanian border. III. \"Gruppe\" relocated to Roman on 18 May. Three days later, Hartmann engaged United States Army Air Forces aircraft in Defence of the Reich for the first time flying in defence of"
},
{
"title": "Erich Hartmann",
"text": " the Ploiești oilfields and engaging North American P-51 Mustang fighters for the first time over Romania. On 24 June, the United States Army Air Forces' (USAAF) Fifteenth Air Force attacked various targets in Romania with 377 bombers. A fraction of this attack force, consisting of 135 Consolidated B-24 Liberator bombers and Lockheed P-38 Lightning and P-51 fighters, headed for the Ploiești oilfields. Defending against this attack, Hartmann claimed a P-51 shot down. Only one other claim against this type was made by Hartmann in 1945. Later that month, P-51s ran his Messerschmitt out of fuel. During the intense manoeuvring, Hartmann ran out of ammunition. One of the P-51Bs flown by Lt. Robert J. Goebel of the 308th Squadron, 31st Fighter Group, broke away and headed straight for Hartmann while he hung in his parachute. Goebel was making a camera pass to record the bailout and banked away from him only at the last moment, waving at Hartmann as he went by. On 15 August, III. \"Gruppe\" moved to Warzyn Pierwszy, Poland. The"
},
{
"title": "Erich Hartmann",
"text": " airfield was located approximately west of Jędrzejów. Two days later, Hartmann became the top scoring fighter ace, surpassing fellow JG 52 pilot Gerhard Barkhorn, with his 274th victory. On 23 August, Hartmann claimed eight victories in three combat missions, an \"ace-in-a-day\" achievement, bringing his score to 290 victories. He passed the 300-mark on 24 August 1944, a day on which he shot down 11 aircraft in two combat missions south of Radom-Lublin, representing his greatest ever victories-per-day ratio (a \"double-ace-in-a-day\") and bringing the number of aerial victories to an unprecedented 301. Hartmann became one of only 27 German soldiers in World War II to receive the Diamonds to his Knight's Cross. Hartmann was summoned to the \"Führerhauptquartier Wolfsschanze\", (the \"Wolf's Lair\") Adolf Hitler's military headquarters near Rastenburg, to receive the coveted award from Hitler personally. Hartmann was asked to surrender his side arm – a security measure heightened by the aftermath of the failed assassination attempt on 20 July 1944. According to one account, Hartmann refused and"
},
{
"title": "Erich Hartmann",
"text": " threatened to decline the Diamonds if he were not trusted to carry his pistol. During Hartmann's meeting with Hitler, Hartmann discussed at length the shortcomings of fighter pilot training. Allegedly, Hitler admitted to Hartmann that he believed that, \"militarily, the war is lost,\" and that he wished the Luftwaffe had \"more like him and Rudel.\" The Diamonds to the Knight's Cross also earned Hartmann a 10-day leave. On his way to his vacation, he was ordered by \"General der Jagdflieger\" Adolf Galland to attend a meeting in Berlin-Gatow. Galland wanted to transfer Hartmann to the Messerschmitt Me 262 test program but, at Hartmann's request, the transfer was cancelled on the grounds of his professed attachment to JG 52. Hartmann argued to Göring that he best served the war effort on the Eastern Front. On 10 September, Hartmann married his long-time teenage love, Ursula \"Usch\" Paetsch. Witnesses to the wedding included his friends Gerhard Barkhorn and Wilhelm Batz. On 25 May, II. \"Gruppe\" was ordered to transfer one \"Staffel\" to the west in Defence of"
},
{
"title": "Erich Hartmann",
"text": " the Reich. Barkhorn, the commander of II. \"Gruppe\", selected \"Leutnant\" Hans Waldmann's 4. \"Staffel\" which was officially assigned to the II. \"Gruppe\" of \"Jagdgeschwader\" 3 \"Udet\" (JG 3—3rd Fighter Wing). On 10 August, this squadron officially became the 8. \"Staffel\" of JG 3. In consequence, Hartmann was transferred on 30 September and tasked with creation and leadership of a new 4. \"Staffel\" of JG 52. Command of his former 9. \"Staffel\" was passed on to \"Leutnant\" Hans-Joachim Birkner. At the time, II. \"Gruppe\" was based in Nagyrábé, Hungary. Before flying further combat missions, Hartmann had to train the new inexperienced pilots. He led this squadron until 16 January 1945 when he was given command of I. \"Gruppe\" of JG 52, thus succeeding \"Major\" Barkhorn in this capacity. Hartmann transferred command of 4. \"Staffel\" to \"Leutnant\" Friedrich Haas.</s><s>World War II.:Last combat missions"
},
{
"title": "Erich Hartmann",
"text": ". On 31 January 1945, Hartmann transferred command of I. \"Gruppe\" of JG 52 to \"Major\" Batz. From 1–14 February, he then briefly led I. \"Gruppe\" of \"Jagdgeschwader\" 53 as acting \"Gruppenkommandeur\" until he was replaced by \"Hauptmann\" Helmut Lipfert. At the time, the \"Gruppe\" was based in Veszprém and was fighting in the siege of Budapest. He claimed his only aerial victory with JG 53 on 4 February when he shot down a Yak-9 fighter. In March 1945, Hartmann, his score now standing at 337 aerial victories, was asked a second time by General Adolf Galland to join the Me 262 units forming to fly the new jet fighter. Hartmann attended the jet conversion program led by Heinrich Bär. Galland also intended Hartmann to fly with \"Jagdverband\" 44. Hartmann declined the offer, preferring to remain with JG 52. Some sources report that Hartmann's decision to stay with his unit was due to a request via telegram made by \"Oberstleut"
},
{
"title": "Erich Hartmann",
"text": "nant\" Hermann Graf. On 1 February, Hartmann was appointed \"Gruppenkommandeur\" of I./JG 52, succeeding \"Hautpmann\" Adolf Borchers. Hartmann claimed his 350th aerial victory on 17 April, in the vicinity of Chrudim. The last wartime photograph of Hartmann known was taken in connection with this victory. Hartmann's last aerial victory occurred over Brno, Czechoslovakia, on 8 May, the last day of the war in Europe. Early that morning, he was ordered to fly a reconnaissance mission and report the position of Soviet forces. Hartmann took off with his wingman at 08:30 and spotted the first Soviet units just away. Passing over the area, Hartmann saw a Yak-9, ambushed it from his vantage point at and shot it down. When he landed, Hartmann learned that the Soviet forces were within artillery range of the airfield, so JG 52 destroyed \"Karaya\" One, 24 other Bf 109s, and large quantities of ammunition. Hartmann and Hermann Graf were ordered to fly to the British sector to avoid capture by Soviet forces while the remainder of JG 52 was ordered to surrender to the"
},
{
"title": "Erich Hartmann",
"text": " approaching Soviets. As \"Gruppenkommandeur\" of I./JG 52, Hartmann chose to surrender his unit to members of the US 90th Infantry Division.</s><s>Prisoner of war. After his capture, the U.S. Army handed Hartmann, his pilots, and ground crew over to the Soviet Union on 14 May, where he was imprisoned in accordance with the Yalta Agreements, which stated that airmen and soldiers fighting Soviet forces had to surrender directly to them. Hartmann and his unit were led by the Americans to a large open-air compound to await the transfer. In Hartmann's account, the Soviets attempted to convince him to cooperate with them. He was asked to spy on fellow officers, but refused and was given ten days' solitary confinement in a chamber. He slept on a concrete floor and was given only bread and water. On another occasion, according to Hartmann, the Soviets threatened to kidnap and murder his wife (the death of his son was kept from Hartmann). During similar interrogations about the Me 262, Hartmann was struck by a Soviet officer using a cane, prompting Hartmann to hit the assailant with a chair, knocking him out. Expecting to be shot, he"
},
{
"title": "Erich Hartmann",
"text": " was transferred back to the small bunker. Hartmann, not ashamed of his war service, opted to go on a hunger strike and starve rather than fold to \"Soviet will\", as he called it. The Soviets allowed the hunger strike to go on for four days before force-feeding him. More subtle efforts by the Soviet authorities to convert Hartmann to communism also failed. He was offered a post in the East German Air Force, which he refused: If, after I am home in the West, you make me a normal contract offer, a business deal such as people sign every day all over the world, and I like your offer, then I will come back and work with you in accordance with the contract. But if you try to put me to work under coercion of any kind, then I will resist to my dying gasp.</s><s>Prisoner of war.:War crimes charges. During captivity, Hartmann was first arrested on 24 December 1949, and three days later, sentenced to 20 years in prison. The sentence was carried out by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the Ivanovo district. The preliminary criminal investigation was carried out only formally. He was condemned for atrocities against Soviet citizens, the attack on military objects and destruction of Soviet aircraft and therefore significant damage to the"
},
{
"title": "Erich Hartmann",
"text": " Soviet economy. Hartmann protested multiple times against this judgment. In June 1951, he was charged for a second time as an alleged member of an anti-Soviet group. The second trial was carried out under military authority in the military district of Rostov-on-Don. Hartmann was charged with war crimes, specifically the \"deliberate shooting of 780 Soviet civilians\" in the village of Briansk, attacking a bread factory on 23 May 1943, and destroying 345 \"expensive\" Soviet aircraft. He refused to confess to these charges and conducted his own defence, which was, according to Hartmann, denounced by the presiding judge as a \"waste of time\". Sentenced to 25 years of hard labour, Hartmann refused to work, and was put into solitary confinement, which led to a riot by some of his fellow detainees, who overpowered the guards and temporarily freed him. He made a complaint to the \"Kommandant\"s office, asking for a representative from Moscow and an international inspection, as well as a new trial hearing to overturn his sentence. This was refused, and he was transferred to a camp in Novocherkassk, where he spent five more months in solitary confinement. He was later put before a new tribunal, which upheld"
},
{
"title": "Erich Hartmann",
"text": " the original sentence. He was subsequently sent to another camp, this time at Diaterka in the Ural Mountains. In late 1955, Hartmann was released as a part of the last \"Heimkehrer\". In January 1997, over three years after his death, Hartmann's case was reviewed by the Chief Military Prosecutor in Moscow, Russia, after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, and he was acquitted of all historical charges against him in Russian law. The government agency stated that he had been wrongly convicted.</s><s>Post-war years. During his long imprisonment, Hartmann's son, Erich-Peter, was born in 1945 and died as a three-year-old in 1948, without his father ever having seen him. Hartmann later had a daughter, Ursula Isabel, born on 23 February 1957. When Hartmann returned to West Germany, he reentered military service in the \"Bundeswehr\" and became an officer in the West German Air Force, where he commanded West Germany's first all-jet unit from 6 June 1959 to 29 May 1962, \"Jagdgeschwader 71\" \"Richthofen\". This unit was initially equipped with Canadair Sabres and later with Lockheed F-104 Starfighters"
},
{
"title": "Erich Hartmann",
"text": ". Hartmann also made several trips to the United States, where he trained on U.S. Air Force equipment. In 1957, Hartmann began training with American instructors. He and other German pilots were trained at Luke Air Force Base in Arizona. The Republic F-84 Thunderjet fighter course lasted 60 days and consisted of 33 hours of flight time in the Lockheed T-33 and 47 hours in the Republic F-84F Thunderstreak. Hartmann and the former Luftwaffe pilots needed only familiarisation training. Hartmann considered the F-104 a fundamentally flawed and unsafe aircraft and strongly opposed its adoption by the Air Force. Already in 1957, Hartmann had recommended to Kammhuber to first buy and evaluate a few new and unfamiliar aircraft before committing the air force to a new aircraft type. Although events subsequently validated his low opinion of the aircraft (269 crashes and 116 German pilots killed on the F-104 in non-combat missions, along with allegations of bribes culminating in the Lockheed scandal), Hartmann's outspoken criticism proved unpopular with his superiors, and he was forced into early retirement in 1970. From 1971 to 1974, Hartmann worked as a flight instructor in Hangelar, near Bonn, and also flew in fly-ins with other wartime"
},
{
"title": "Erich Hartmann",
"text": " pilots. Hartmann died on 20 September 1993, at the age of 71 in Weil im Schönbuch. In 2016, Hartmann's former German Air Force unit, JG 71, honoured him by applying his tulip colour scheme to their aircraft.</s><s>In popular culture. Hartmann was the subject of a biography by the American authors Trevor J. Constable and Raymond F. Toliver, under the title \"The Blond Knight of Germany\". Originally released in the United States in 1970, it was published in Germany the next year, as \"Holt Hartmann vom Himmel!\" (\"\"Shoot Hartmann down!\"\"). \"The Blond Knight\" was a commercial success and enjoyed a wide readership among both the American and the German public. The book has been criticised by some as ahistorical and misleading in recent American and German historiography. Ronald Smelser and Edward J. Davies, in their work \"The Myth of the Eastern Front\", describe it as one of the key works that promoted the myth of the \"clean Wehrmacht\". Historian Jens Wehner notes that the German-language version of the book was immensely popular in Germany, but contained serious flaws in its presentation of historical realities. These included"
},
{
"title": "Erich Hartmann",
"text": " uncritical borrowing from the Nazi propaganda elements of the \"Fliegerasse\" (\"aces\") and stereotypes about the Soviet Union. According to Wehner, the latter could be traced to prevailing attitudes during the Cold War. Furthermore, the political and social consequences of World War II were completely ignored.</s><s>Summary of career.</s><s>Summary of career.:Aerial victory claims. According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Hartmann was credited with 352 aerial victories. Spick also lists Hartmann with 352 aerial victories claimed in 1,425 combat missions, all of which on the Eastern Front. Mathews and Foreman, authors of \"Luftwaffe Aces – Biographies and Victory Claims\", researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 352 aerial victory claims, plus two further unconfirmed claims. This number includes two claims over United States Army Air Forces flown P-51 Mustangs, and 350 Soviet Air Forces piloted aircraft on the Eastern Front. According to the authors Daniel and Gabor Horvath, comparison to enemy loss reports showed that the number of aircraft destroyed by Hartmann may actually be much lower than the 352 he claimed, regardless of enemy nationality.</s><s>Summary of career.:Decorations. - Front Flying Clasp of the"
},
{
"title": "Erich Hartmann",
"text": " Luftwaffe in Gold with Pennant \"1300\" - Pilot/Observer Badge in Gold with Diamonds (25 August 1944) - Eastern Front Medal - Iron Cross (1939) - 2nd Class (17 December 1942) - 1st Class (7 March 1943) - Honour Goblet of the Luftwaffe on 13 September 1943 as \"Leutnant\" and pilot - German Cross in Gold on 17 October 1943 as \"Leutnant\" in the III./\"Jagdgeschwader\" 52 - Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds - Knight's Cross on 29 October 1943 as \"Leutnant\" and pilot in the 9./\"Jagdgeschwader\" 52 - 420th Oak Leaves on 2 March 1944 as \"Leutnant\" and \"Staffelführer\" of the 9./\"Jagdgeschwader\" 52 - 75th Swords on 2 July 1944 as \"Oberleutnant\" and \"Staffelkapitän\" of the 9./\"Jagdgeschwader\" 52 - 18th Diamonds on 25 August 1944 as \"Oberleutnant\" and \"Staffelkapit"
},
{
"title": "Erich Hartmann",
"text": "än\" of the 9./\"Jagdgeschwader\" 52 Hartmann had kept the whereabouts of his Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross secret from his captors during his time as a prisoner of war, claiming that he had thrown it away. The hiding place was in a small stream. His comrade Hans \"Assi\" Hahn managed to hide the Knight's Cross in a double bottom cigar box and smuggled it back to Germany when he was released from captivity.</s><s>Summary of career.:Dates of rank. Hartmann joined the military service in \"Wehrmacht\" on 1 October 1940. His first station was Neukuhren in East Prussia, where he received his military basic training as a Luftwaffe recruit. Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht) - 1 April 1942: \"Leutnant\" (second lieutenant) - 1 May 1944: \"Oberleutnant\" (first lieutenant) - 1 September 1944: \"Hauptmann\" (captain) - 8 May 1945: \"Major\" (major) Luftwaffe (Bundeswehr) - 12 December 1960: \"Oberstleutnant\" (lieutenant colonel) - 26 July 1967: \""
},
{
"title": "Erich Hartmann",
"text": "Oberst\" (colonel)</s><s>References.</s><s>References.:Bibliography. - {{Cite book |last=Barbas - {{Cite book |last=Barbas - {{Cite book |last=Berger - {{Cite book |last=Bergström - {{Cite book |last=Bergström - {{Cite book |last=Braatz - {{Cite book |last1=Brown - {{Cite journal |last=Corum - {{Cite book |last=Deac - {{Cite book |last=Fellgiebel - {{Cite book |last=Fraschka - {{Cite book |last1=Hartmann - {{Cite journal |last=Harvey - {{Cite journal |last=Harvey - {{Cite book |last1=Horvath - {{Cite book |last=Kaplan - {{Cite book |last=Maerz - {{Cite book |last1=Mathews - {{Cite book |last=Mitcham - {{Cite web |website=H-Soz-Kult - {{Cite book |last=Obermaier - {{C"
},
{
"title": "Erich Hartmann",
"text": "ite journal |last=Patton - {{Cite book |last1=Patzwall - {{Cite book |last1=Patzwall - {{Cite book |last=Prien - {{Cite book |last1=Prien - {{Cite book |last1=Prien - {{Cite book |last=Rall - {{Cite book |last=Reynolds - {{Cite book |last=Scherzer - {{Cite book |last=Schreier - {{Cite book |last1=Smelser - {{Cite book |last=Spick - {{Cite book |last=Spick - {{Cite book |last=Stockert - {{Cite journal |last=Sullivan - {{Cite book |last=Thomas - {{Cite book |last1=Thompson - {{Cite journal |last=Tillman - {{Cite book |last=Wagenlehner - {{Cite book |last=Weal - {{Cite book |last=Weal - {{Cite book |last1=Williamson - {{Cite book |editor-last=Zabecki - {{Cite book |editor-last=Zabecki"
},
{
"title": "Erich Hartmann",
"text": " - {{Cite journal |last=Zegenhagen - {{Cite magazine |magazine=Der Spiegel - {{Cite web |website=Bundeswehr - {{Cite web |website=Bundeswehr - {{cite web |website=leo-bw.de</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Erich Hartmann",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Europe/Middle East"
}
|
factscore-000339
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Timothy Evans.
|
[
{
"title": "Timothy Evans",
"text": "<s>Timothy Evans Timothy John Evans (20 November 1924 – 9 March 1950) was a Welshman who was wrongfully accused of murdering his wife (Beryl) and infant daughter (Geraldine) at their residence in Notting Hill, London. In January 1950, Evans was tried and convicted of the murder of his daughter, and on 9 March he was executed by hanging. During his trial, Evans accused his downstairs neighbour, John Christie, who was the chief prosecution witness, of committing the murders. Three years after Evans's execution, Christie was found to be a serial killer who had murdered several other women in the same house, including his own wife (Ethel). Christie was himself sentenced to death, and while awaiting execution, he confessed to murdering Mrs. Evans. An official inquiry concluded in 1966 that Christie had probably murdered Evans's daughter (Geraldine), and Evans was granted a posthumous pardon. The High Court dismissed proceedings to officially quash Evans's murder conviction in 2004 on the grounds of the cost and resources that would be involved, but acknowledged that Evans did not murder his wife or his daughter, a full 54 years after his wrongful execution by the British government. The case generated much controversy and is acknowledged to be a miscarriage of justice. Along with those"
},
{
"title": "Timothy Evans",
"text": " of Derek Bentley and Ruth Ellis, the case played a major part in the removal of capital punishment for murder in 1965 and, later, its abolition for all crimes.</s><s>Early life. Evans was a native of Merthyr Tydfil in Glamorgan, Wales. His father Daniel abandoned the family in April 1924 before Evans's birth.Oates, p. 43 Evans had an older sister, Eileen, born in 1921 and a younger half-sister, Maureen, who was born in September 1929. Evans's mother remarried in September 1933. As a child, Evans had difficulty learning to speak and struggled at school. Following an accident when he was eight, Evans developed a tubercular verruca on his right foot that never completely healed and caused him to miss considerable amounts of time from school for treatments, further setting back his education. As a result, when he reached adulthood Evans possessed low literacy skills, often needing others to read lengthy documents to him, although he did possess some ability to read simple passages such as in comics, newspaper football reports and on his wages and receipts. He liked boxing and football, supporting Queens Park Rangers, as did Christie. He was also prone to inventing stories about himself to boost his self-esteem,"
},
{
"title": "Timothy Evans",
"text": " a trait that continued into adulthood and interfered with his efforts to establish credibility when dealing with the police and courts. In 1935, his mother and her second husband moved to London, and Evans worked as a painter and decorator while attending school. He returned to Merthyr Tydfil in 1937 and briefly worked in the coal mines but had to resign because of continuing problems with his foot. In 1939, he returned to London to live again with his mother, and in 1946 they moved to St Mark's Road, Notting Hill. This was just over two minutes' walk from 10 Rillington Place, his future residence after he married. Evans was fined 60 shillings at West London Magistrates court on 25 April 1946 for stealing a car, and driving without insurance or a licence.</s><s>Married life. On 20 September 1947, Evans married Beryl Susanna Thorley, whom he had met in January 1947 on a blind date. The couple initially lived with Evans's family at St Mark's Road but after Beryl discovered she was pregnant in 1948 they moved into the top-floor flat at 10 Rillington Place in the Ladbroke Grove area of Notting Hill. Their neighbours in the ground-floor flat were the serial killer John Christie, then working"
},
{
"title": "Timothy Evans",
"text": " as a post office clerk, and his wife, Ethel Christie. Timothy's and Beryl's daughter Geraldine was born on 10 October 1948. Their marriage was characterised by angry quarrels; Beryl was alleged to be a poor housekeeper and incapable of managing the family's finances, while Timothy misspent his wages on alcohol, and his heavy drinking at the time exacerbated his already short temper. The arguments between Timothy and Beryl were loud enough to be heard by the neighbours and physical violence between them was witnessed on several occasions. In 1949, Beryl revealed to Timothy that she was pregnant with their second child. Since the family was already struggling financially, Beryl decided to have an abortion. After some initial reluctance, Evans agreed to this course of action.</s><s>Events leading to Evans's arrest. Several weeks later, on 30 November 1949, Evans informed police at Merthyr Tydfil that his wife had died in unusual circumstances. His first confession was that he had accidentally killed her by giving her something in a bottle that a man had given him to abort the foetus; he had then disposed of her body in a sewer drain outside 10 Rillington Place. He told the police that after arranging for Geraldine to be looked after, he had"
},
{
"title": "Timothy Evans",
"text": " gone to Wales. When police examined the drain outside the front of the building, however, they found nothing and, furthermore, discovered that the manhole cover required the combined strength of three officers to remove it. When re-questioned, Evans changed his story and said that Christie had offered to perform an abortion on Beryl. Evans stated that he had left Christie out of his first statement in order to protect him (abortion being illegal in the UK at this time). After some deliberation between Evans and his wife, they had both agreed to take up Christie's offer. On 8 November, Evans had returned home from work to be informed by Christie that the abortion had not worked and that Beryl was dead. Christie had said that he would dispose of the body and would make arrangements for a couple from East Acton to look after Geraldine. He said that Evans should leave London for the meantime. On 14 November, Evans left for Wales to stay with relatives. Evans said he later returned to 10 Rillington Place to ask about Geraldine, but Christie had refused to let him see her. In response to Evans's second statement, the police performed a preliminary search of 10 Rillington Place but did not uncover anything incriminating, despite the presence of a"
},
{
"title": "Timothy Evans",
"text": " human thigh bone supporting a fence post in the tiny (about ) garden. On a more thorough search on 2 December, the police found the body of Beryl Evans, wrapped in a tablecloth in the wash-house in the back garden. Access to the locked wash-house was only possible by using a knife kept by Mrs Christie. Significantly, the body of Geraldine was also found alongside Beryl's body – Evans had not mentioned he had killed his daughter in either of his statements. Beryl and Geraldine had both been strangled. Although they examined the garden, the police did not find traces of the skeletal remains of two prior victims of Christie, despite their shallow burial. Christie actually removed the skull of Miss Eady when his dog dug it up from the garden around this time, and he disposed of it in a bombed-out building nearby. This vital clue was ignored when the skull was then discovered by children playing in the ruins and handed in to police. When Evans was shown the clothing taken from the bodies of his wife and child, he was also informed that both had been strangled. This was, according to Evans's statement, the first occasion in which he was informed that his baby daughter had been killed. He was asked whether he was responsible"
},
{
"title": "Timothy Evans",
"text": " for their deaths. To this, Evans apparently responded, \"Yes.\" He then apparently confessed to having strangled Beryl during an argument over debts and strangling Geraldine two days later, after which he left for Wales. This confession, along with other contradictory statements Evans made during the police interrogation, has been cited as proof of his guilt. Several authors who have written about the case have argued that the police provided Evans with all the necessary details for him to make a plausible confession, which they may have in turn edited further while transcribing it. Furthermore, the police interrogated Evans over the course of late evening and early morning hours to his physical and emotional detriment, a man already in a highly emotional state. Evans later stated in court that he thought he would be subjected to violence by the police if he did not confess, and this fear along with the shock of discovering that both his wife and daughter had been strangled, likely induced him to make a false confession. The police investigation was marred by a lack of forensic expertise, with significant evidence overlooked. \"The Psychology of Interrogations and Confessions\" (2003) states that some of the phraseology of the confession seemed more in line with language a police officer might use, rather than that used by an illiterate"
},
{
"title": "Timothy Evans",
"text": " man as Evans was. Evans was kept in solitary confinement for two days before being handed over to the London police. He did not know what was happening other than his wife's body had not been found in the drain as expected. At Notting Hill police station, he was shown his wife's and daughter's clothing, and the ligature which had been used to strangle his daughter. This book cites Kennedy as a source for the conclusion that Evans felt tremendous guilt over not doing more to prevent the deaths of his wife and daughter, and particularly that his daughter's murder must have been a tremendous shock.</s><s>Trial and execution. Evans was put on trial for the murder of his daughter on 11 January 1950 before Mr Justice Lewis and a jury. In accordance with legal practice at the time, the prosecution proceeded only with the single charge of murder, that concerning Geraldine. Beryl's murder, with which Evans was still formally charged, was not formally before the court, though evidence that he had murdered Beryl was used with the aim of establishing Evans's guilt of the murder of Geraldine. Evans, who was represented by Malcolm Morris, withdrew his confession during consultations with his solicitor and alleged that Christie was responsible for the murders in accordance with his second statement given to the police"
},
{
"title": "Timothy Evans",
"text": " at Merthyr Tydfil. Although this allegation was dismissed by the court as \"fantastic\" and Evans's solicitors had also warned him that it was difficult to prove, Evans maintained this defence until his execution. It was subsequently found that his allegation was true. Christie and his wife, Ethel, were key witnesses for the prosecution. Christie denied that he had offered to abort Beryl's unborn child and gave detailed evidence about the quarrels between Evans and his wife. The defence sought to show that Christie was the murderer, highlighting his past criminal record. Christie had previous convictions for several thefts and for malicious wounding. The latter case involved Christie striking a woman on the head with a cricket bat. But his apparent reform, and his service with the police as a special constable, may have impressed the jury. The defence also could not find a motive for which a respected person like Christie would murder two people, whereas the prosecution could use the explanation in Evans's confessions as Evans's motive. Unlike Christie, Evans had no previous convictions for violence, though he had been fined for theft and motoring offences. His conflicting statements undermined his credibility. Had the police conducted a thorough search of the garden and found the bones of two previous victims of Christie, the trial of"
},
{
"title": "Timothy Evans",
"text": " Evans might not have occurred at all. The case largely came down to Christie's word against Evans's and the course of the trial turned against Evans. The trial lasted only three days and much key evidence was omitted, or never shown to the jury. Evans was found guilty – the jury taking just 40 minutes to come to its decision. After a failed appeal held before the Lord Chief Justice, Lord Goddard; Mr Justice Sellers and Mr Justice Humphreys on 20 February, Evans was hanged on 9 March 1950 by Albert Pierrepoint, assisted by Syd Dernley at Pentonville Prison. The safety of Evans's conviction was severely criticised when Christie's murders were discovered three years later. During interviews with police and psychiatrists prior to his execution, Christie admitted several times that he had been responsible for the murder of Beryl Evans. If these confessions were true, Evans's second statement detailing Christie's offer to abort Beryl's baby is likely to be the true version of events that took place at Rillington Place on 8 November 1949. Ludovic Kennedy provided one possible reconstruction of how the murder took place, surmising that an unsuspecting Beryl let Christie into her flat, expecting the abortion to be carried out, but was instead attacked and then strangled. Christie claimed to have"
},
{
"title": "Timothy Evans",
"text": " possibly engaged in sexual intercourse with Beryl's body after her death (he claimed to be unable to remember the precise details) but her post-mortem had failed to uncover evidence of sexual intercourse. In his confessions to Beryl's death, Christie denied he had agreed to carry out an abortion on Beryl. He instead claimed to have strangled her while being intimate with her, or that she had wanted to commit suicide and he helped her do so. One important fact was not brought up in Evans's trial: two workmen were willing to testify that there were no bodies in the wash-house when they worked there several days after Evans supposedly hid them. They stored their tools in the wash-room (a small outhouse measuring ) and cleaned it out completely when they finished their work on 11 November. Their evidence in itself would have raised doubts about the veracity of Evans's alleged confessions, but the workmen were not called to give evidence. Indeed, the police re-interviewed the workmen and forced them to change their evidence to fit the preconceived idea that Evans was the sole murderer. The murderer, Christie, would have hidden the bodies of Beryl and Geraldine in the temporarily vacant first-floor flat, and then moved them to the wash-"
},
{
"title": "Timothy Evans",
"text": "house four days later when the workmen had finished.</s><s>John Christie. Three years later, Christie vacated his premises at 10 Rillington Place and the landlord allowed an upstairs tenant, Beresford Brown, to use Christie's kitchen. Brown found the bodies of three women (Kathleen Maloney, Rita Nelson and Hectorina Maclennan) hidden in a papered-over kitchen pantry, a recess immediately next to the wash-house where Beryl and Geraldine Evans had been found. A further search of the building and grounds turned up three more bodies: Christie's wife, Ethel, under the floorboards of the front room; Ruth Fuerst, an Austrian nurse and munitions worker; and Muriel Eady, a former colleague of Christie, who were both buried in the right-hand side of the small back garden of the building. Christie had even used one of their thigh bones to prop up a trellis in the garden, which the police had missed in their earlier searches of the property. Christie was arrested on 31 March 1953, and during the course of interrogation confessed four separate times to killing Beryl Evans. He never admitted to killing Geraldine Evans, however. He confessed to murdering Fuerst and Eady"
},
{
"title": "Timothy Evans",
"text": ", saying he had stored their bodies in the wash-room before burying them in shallow graves in the garden. It was in the same wash-room that the bodies of Beryl and Geraldine Evans had been found during the investigation into their murders. Christie was found guilty of murdering his wife and was hanged on 15 July 1953 by Albert Pierrepoint, the same hangman who had executed Evans at the same prison three years prior. Because Christie's crimes raised doubts about Evans's guilt in the murders of his wife and daughter, the serving Home Secretary, David Maxwell-Fyfe, commissioned an inquiry to investigate the possibility of a miscarriage of justice. It was chaired by the Recorder of Portsmouth, John Scott Henderson, QC. The inquiry ran for one week and its findings upheld Evans's guilt in both murders with the explanation that Christie's confessions of murdering Beryl Evans were unreliable because they were made in the context of supporting his defence that he was insane. The conclusion was met with scepticism by the press and the public alike: if Christie's confessions were unreliable, why should those of Evans be acceptable? The inquiry ignored vital evidence and led to more questions in Parliament, especially from Geoffrey Bing, Reginald Paget, Sydney Silverman, Michael Foot and many other MPs"
},
{
"title": "Timothy Evans",
"text": ". The controversy was to continue until it led eventually to the exculpation of Evans and a declaration of his innocence of the murder of both his wife and his daughter. The murder of Beryl Evans was never a primary charge in the trials of either Evans or Christie. The former had been charged with the murder of his daughter and the latter with the murder of Mrs Christie. Hence questions that went to the murder of Mrs Evans were not those with which the trials were especially concerned. When Christie was later the subject of the Scott Henderson Inquiry, questions drafted by a solicitor representing Evans's mother were deemed not relevant and Scott Henderson retained the right of deciding if they could be asked.</s><s>Campaign to overturn Evans's conviction. In 1955, David Astor, editor of \"The Observer\", Ian Gilmour, editor of \"The Spectator\", John Grigg, editor of \"The National and English Review\", and Sir Lynton Andrews, editor of \"The Yorkshire Post\", formed a delegation to petition the Home Secretary for a new inquiry because of their dissatisfaction with the conclusions of the Scott Henderson Inquiry. In the same year, barrister Michael Eddowes examined the case and wrote the book \"The Man on Your Conscience\", which argued that Evans could not have been the"
},
{
"title": "Timothy Evans",
"text": " killer on the basis that if he were there were a number of extraordinary coincidences with his crimes and Christie's, most notably that two strangler murderers, who both used a ligature to kill their victims, had been living in the same property at the same time, unknown to each other. The television journalist Ludovic Kennedy's book \"Ten Rillington Place\" criticised the police investigation and evidence submitted at the 1950 trial in which Evans was found guilty. This produced another Parliamentary debate in 1961 but still no second inquiry. In 1965, Liberal Party politician Herbert Wolfe of Darlington, County Durham contacted Harold Evans, then editor of \"The Northern Echo\". He and Kennedy formed the Timothy Evans Committee. The result of a prolonged campaign was that the Home Secretary, Sir Frank Soskice, ordered a new inquiry chaired by High Court judge Sir Daniel Brabin in 1965–66. Brabin found it was \"more probable than not\" that Evans murdered his wife and that he did not murder his daughter. This was contrary to the prosecution case in Evans's trial, which held that both murders had been committed by the same person as a single act. The victims' bodies had been found together in the same location and had been murdered in the same way by strangulation. Br"
},
{
"title": "Timothy Evans",
"text": "abin went to great lengths to prefer police evidence wherever possible and exonerate them of any misconduct, and he did not address the allegations made by Kennedy about the validity of several of the confessions allegedly made by Evans. He also did not consider the incompetence of the police in their searches of the garden at Rillington Place. The enquiry did little to settle the many issues which arose from the case, but, by exonerating Evans of killing his child, was crucial in subsequent events. Since Evans had only been convicted of the murder of his daughter, Roy Jenkins, Soskice's successor as Home Secretary, recommended a royal pardon for Evans, which was granted in October 1966. In 1965, Evans's remains had been exhumed from Pentonville Prison and reburied in St Patrick's Roman Catholic Cemetery in Leytonstone, Greater London. The outcry over the Evans case contributed to the suspension and then abolition of capital punishment in the United Kingdom.</s><s>Status of Evans' guilty verdict. In January 2003, the Home Office awarded Timothy Evans's half-sister, Mary Westlake, and his sister, Eileen Ashby, \"ex gratia\" payments as compensation for the miscarriage of justice in Evans's trial. The independent assessor for the Home"
},
{
"title": "Timothy Evans",
"text": " Office, Lord Brennan QC, accepted that \"the conviction and execution of Timothy Evans for the murder of his child was wrongful and a miscarriage of justice\" and that \"there is no evidence to implicate Timothy Evans in the murder of his wife. She was most probably murdered by Christie.\" Lord Brennan believed that the Brabin Report's conclusion that Evans probably murdered his wife should be rejected given Christie's confessions and conviction. On 16 November 2004, Westlake began an application for judicial review in the High Court, challenging a decision by the Criminal Cases Review Commission not to refer Evans's case to the Court of Appeal to have his conviction formally quashed. She argued that Evans's pardon had not formally expunged his conviction of murdering his daughter, and although the Brabin report had concluded that Evans probably did not kill his daughter, it had not declared him innocent. The report also contained the \"devastating\" conclusion that Evans had probably killed his wife. The request to refer the case was dismissed on 19 November 2004, with the judges saying that the cost and resources of quashing the conviction could not be justified, although they did accept that Evans did not murder either his wife or his child.</s><s>In the media. - Ewan MacColl wrote the song \"The Ball"
},
{
"title": "Timothy Evans",
"text": "ad of Tim Evans\" (also known as \"Go Down You Murderer\") about the case. MacColl said in his autobiography that the song was used in many news programmes and documentaries, but that many broadcasters were uncomfortable with the last verse which reads \"They sent Tim Evans to the drop for a crime he did not do / It was Christy was the murderer and the judge and jury too.\" In some recordings of the song, this is altered to: \"It was Christy was the murderer and everybody knew / They sent Tim Evans to the drop for a crime he didn't do.\" The song was covered by the American folk singer Judy Collins. - The film \"10 Rillington Place\" was released in the UK on 10 February 1971. It was directed by Richard Fleischer and starred Richard Attenborough as John Christie, Judy Geeson as Beryl Evans, John Hurt as Timothy Evans, and Pat Heywood as Ethel Christie. - In the 2016 BBC dramatisation \"Rillington Place\", Evans was portrayed by Nico Mirallegro. - According to \"Yes, Minister\" co-writer Antony Jay, the Evans case was part of the inspiration for the television satire because of Frank Soskice's refusal to reopen the case despite having himself"
},
{
"title": "Timothy Evans",
"text": " appealed for an inquiry while in opposition. - \"The Ballad of Tim Evans\" is used as background in a scene in \"A Bucket of Blood\" and performed by actor and musician Alex Hassilev. The song serves as foreshadowing.</s><s>See also. - Francis Camps - List of miscarriage of justice cases - Mahmood Hussein Mattan, who was also wrongfully executed in the United Kingdom - Philip Allen, Baron Allen of Abbeydale</s><s>Bibliography. - Report of an inquiry into certain matters arising out of the deaths of Mrs. Beryl Evans and of Geraldine Evans and out of the conviction of Timothy John Evans of the murder of Geraldine Evans. Report by Mr. J. Scott Henderson, Q.C. Cmd. 8896. HMSO, July 1953. - The case of Timothy John Evans. Supplementary Report by Mr. J. Scott Henderson, Q.C. Cmd. 8946. HMSO, September 1953. - Michael Eddowes, \"The Man on Your Conscience: An Investigation of the Evans Murder Trial\", Cassell and Co (1955). - - - The case of Timothy John Evans. Report of an Inquiry by The Hon. Mr. Justice Brabin. Cm"
},
{
"title": "Timothy Evans",
"text": "nd. 3101. HMSO, October 1966. - - -</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Timothy Evans",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Europe/Middle East"
}
|
factscore-000340
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Levi Roots.
|
[
{
"title": "Levi Roots",
"text": "<s>Levi Roots Keith Valentine Graham (born 24 June 1958), better known as Levi Roots, is a British-Jamaican reggae musician, television personality, celebrity chef, author and businessman currently residing in Brixton, in South London. According to the Sunday Times Rich List, Roots is worth an estimated £30m.</s><s>Background. Roots was born in Clarendon, Jamaica. He was raised by his grandmother after his parents moved to the United Kingdom, until he joined them at age 11. He was raised as a Christian, but converted to the Rastafari faith aged 18.</s><s>Music. Roots has performed with James Brown and Maxi Priest and was nominated for a Best Reggae Act MOBO award in 1998. He was a friend of Bob Marley when he resided in the UK and performed \"Happy Birthday Mr. President\" for Nelson Mandela in 1996 on his trip to Brixton. He gained widespread fame after appearing on the UK television programme \"Dragons' Den\" in 2007, where he gained £50,000 funding for his Reggae Reggae Sauce.</s><s>Reggae Reggae Sauce. Levi Roots' Reggae Reggae Sauce is a jerk barbecue sauce. In 2006, 4,"
},
{
"title": "Levi Roots",
"text": "000 bottles of the sauce were sold at the Notting Hill Carnival. He later took the sauce to a food trade show, where he was spotted by a BBC producer who approached him to appear on \"Dragons' Den\". He appeared in the first episode of the fourth series in February 2007, seeking £50,000 of investment from the Dragons in return for a 20% equity stake in Reggae Reggae Sauce. Despite erroneously claiming that he had an order for 2.5 million litres of the sauce (when in fact the order was for 2,500 kilograms), he was offered the £50,000 for a 40% stake in his business by Peter Jones and Richard Farleigh. Shortly after his appearance on the programme, Sainsbury's announced that they would be stocking the sauce in 600 of their stores. Roots falsely claimed that his sauce recipe had been passed down to him by his grandmother. He later admitted in court that this was not true. Leading from the success of his spicy sauce, Roots released an extended version of his song \"Reggae Reggae Sauce\" which features one of his children (Joanne) on backing vocals. The music video features a cameo from Peter Jones. All of the money raised went to Comic Relief. The"
},
{
"title": "Levi Roots",
"text": " song, which formed part of his pitch on \"Dragons' Den\" (and was also sung by Roots in an appearance on Harry Hill's \"TV Burp\"), was also released as a download single. \"Proper Tings (The Reggae Reggae Sauce Song)\" received its first play on Allan Lake's breakfast show on Core. A news story in \"The Grocer\" magazine in 2010 states that a range of ready meals were to be launched, and that Roots had stated that the value of the brand had then increased to £30 million.</s><s>Restaurants. Levi Roots' first London restaurant, the Papine Jerk Centre, was on the Winstanley Estate in Battersea, Clapham Junction from 2010-2012. His children were working alongside him. The shop would also provide a lunchtime service to a local school (Thames Christian College) before closing. In December 2015, Levi Roots opened his first franchise restaurant in Westfield Stratford City. It closed in 2019.{{cite web | url = https://www.thecaterer.com/news/restaurant/levi-roots-closes-caribbean-smokehouse-in-westfield-stratford"
},
{
"title": "Levi Roots",
"text": "-city | title = Levi Roots closes Caribbean Smokehouse in Westfield Stratford City | last = Lake | first = Emma | date = 2019-06-26 | website = The Caterer | access-date = 2020-03-22 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200322075231/https://www.thecaterer.com/news/restaurant/levi-roots-closes-caribbean-smokehouse-in-westfield-stratford-city</s><s>Books and television. \"Levi Roots' Reggae Reggae Cookbook\" was published in 2008, with a foreword by Roots' investor, Peter Jones. The book has chapters on Roots' story of coming to London and an introduction to Caribbean ingredients. To coincide with the release of his recipe book, Roots appeared on the 3 June 2008 episode of BBC's \"Ready Steady Cook\" as a celebrity. He achieved second place against Lesley Waters. Roots had a television cooking show, \"Caribbean Food Made Easy\", on BBC2, with a book of the same name published in August 2009. The show followed Roots as he travelled the UK and Jamaica demonstrating easy ways"
},
{
"title": "Levi Roots",
"text": " to cook Caribbean food at home. Roots appeared on \"Celebrity Mastermind\" in 2010, coming second with 13 points. He also appeared on \"Big Brother\", where he cooked a Caribbean barbecue for the housemates. Roots also made a special appearance in the 2011 urban comedy movie \"Anuvahood\" where he plays himself. On 22 February 2018 he appeared in the 8th episode of the 7th series of the BBC detective programme \"Death in Paradise\". He played the part of Billy Springer.</s><s>Interviews. On 12 July 2017, an interview with Levi was published in \"The Guardian\" by Katherine Hassell; the interview was titled \"Levi Roots: ‘My parents moved to Britain when I was four. I didn’t see them again until I was 11’\". On 8 November 2020, an interview with Levi was published in \"Business Digest Magazine\" by Fanele Moyo, titled \"Levi Roots: ‘My success tips for the unemployed black youth’\".</s><s>Personal life. When he appeared on BBC Radio 4's \"Desert Island Discs\" Roots revealed that his relationship with his father had been a difficult one, because his father was \"a bit of a stranger.\" He said: \""
},
{
"title": "Levi Roots",
"text": "My brothers and sisters all went to school before they left Jamaica but, being the youngest, I never got any education while I was there. I think that I was a bit of a disappointment to him.” Roots has eight children with seven different mothers, including son Christopher. Roots has previously been imprisoned for drug offences.{{Cite web }} Levi was appointed Chair of St Pauls Carnival in Bristol in 2021.</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Levi Roots",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Europe/Middle East"
}
|
factscore-000341
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Andriy Yarmolenko.
|
[
{
"title": "Andriy Yarmolenko",
"text": "<s>Andriy Yarmolenko Andriy Mykolayovych Yarmolenko (; born 23 October 1989) is a Ukrainian professional footballer who plays as a winger or forward for Emirati UAE Pro League club Al Ain and captains the Ukraine national team. Yarmolenko has been a full international for Ukraine since 2009, scoring 45 goals in 112 matches and playing at UEFA Euro 2012, Euro 2016, and Euro 2020.</s><s>Early life. Yarmolenko's parents, native Ukrainians, were originally from Smolianka village, Kulykivka Raion, Chernihiv Oblast. After their marriage, Valentyna and Mykola Yarmolenko moved to Leningrad (modern-day Saint Petersburg) where Andriy was born in 1989. He has a younger sister. After a period of three years (after the collapse of the Soviet Union), the family moved back to their native country and settled in the city of Chernihiv. His mother recollected that Andriy began to play with the ball from the age of 4–5 years. \"In the beginning he did not even have a proper ball, so had to play with a self-made one. We were poor and real football was a"
},
{
"title": "Andriy Yarmolenko",
"text": " luxury in those times\". Yarmolenko was noticed by Mykola Lypoviy who invited him to football school (Youth Sports School \"Yunist\" in Chernihiv) and became his first coach.</s><s>Club career.</s><s>Club career.:Early career. Yarmolenko is a graduate of the Chernihiv Youth Sports School \"Yunist\". He joined the Dynamo Kyiv Youth Academy at age of 13. However, he returned to Chernihiv after a year being unable to meet physical requirements in training. Before his move to FC Dynamo Kyiv in 2007, he played for Yunist Chernihiv, Desna Chernihiv, Lokomotyv Kyiv, Vidradnyi Kyiv and again Yunist Chernihiv</s><s>Club career.:Desna Chernihiv. In the summer 2006, from Yunist Chernihiv, he joined to Desna Chernihiv, the main club in Chernihiv, under the coach Oleksandr Tomakh. Here he played in the season 2006–07 in Ukrainian First League, where he made nine appearances and scored four goals.</s><s>Club career.:FC Dynamo 2 Kyiv. In 2007, Yarmolenko signed a five-year contract"
},
{
"title": "Andriy Yarmolenko",
"text": " with Ukrainian club Dynamo Kyiv, where he joined its second team, Dynamo-2, which plays in lower leagues, for a couple of seasons. The talented youngster was praised as the \"new Andriy Shevchenko\" by journalists, who noted his qualities of good physique, shot and especially his speed. The then vice-president of Dynamo, Yozhef Sabo, also praised the youngster, saying, \"Yarmolenko has all the makings to become a top-level player.\"</s><s>Club career.:Dynamo Kyiv. On 11 May 2008, Yarmolenko debuted for Dynamo's first team in an away match against Vorskla Poltava and scored the winning goal in Kyiv's 1–2 victory. He scored 7 goals in 21 games in his first season and 11 in 19 in his second. He is now regularly used as a left or centre forward.</s><s>Club career.:Dynamo Kyiv.:Feud with Taras Stepanenko. In a match in October 2015, Yarmolenko committed a dangerous challenge which almost broke Shakhtar Donetsk player Taras Stepanenko's leg. The two reconciled after the game and exchanged jerseys, but afterwards Yarmolenko threw Stepan"
},
{
"title": "Andriy Yarmolenko",
"text": "enko's shirt on the ground while he thanked the Dynamo fans. In the Shakhtar–Dynamo derby in April 2016, after the former won 3–0, Stepanenko stepped in front of the Dynamo fans kissing his Shakhtar badge. In a brawl that escalated, Yarmolenko kicked Stepanenko to the ground.</s><s>Club career.:Borussia Dortmund. On 28 August 2017, Yarmolenko signed a four-year contract with Borussia Dortmund. On 10 September 2017, Yarmolenko made his debut for Dortmund as a substitute in the 79-minute against Freiburg. He then got his first start for Dortmund against Tottenham Hotspur in a Champions League fixture, where he scored Dortmund's only goal in the 3–1 defeat.</s><s>Club career.:West Ham United. On 11 July 2018, Yarmolenko signed for Premier League club West Ham United on a four-year contract for an undisclosed fee. He made his debut on 12 August in a 4–0 defeat by Liverpool. Making his first start for West Ham on 16 September, he scored his first two goals for the club in a 3–1 away win against Everton, the club's first Premier League win of the 2018–19 season. Yarm"
},
{
"title": "Andriy Yarmolenko",
"text": "olenko suffered an Achilles tear on 20 October 2018 in a 1–0 loss against Tottenham Hotspur, which ruled him out for the remainder of the season. Yarmolenko returned to the first team squad for the start of the 2019–20 season. On 31 August 2019, he scored his first goal since his return from injury, doubling West Ham's lead with a left-footed volley in a 2–0 win over Norwich City. He scored again in West Ham's next home match in the Premier League, opening the scoring in their 2–0 defeat of Manchester United. In December 2019 he tore his adductor muscle and had still not returned to playing when football was suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020. He returned to training in May 2020 and on 1 July 2020, in his second appearance since 2019, he scored the winning goal against Chelsea in a 3–2 win. On 25 November 2021, Yarmolenko scored against Rapid Wien at the Allianz Stadion and provided the penalty for the 2–0 away win for West Ham in the UEFA Europa League group stage. Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, Yarmolenko was given time off by manager David Moyes. He returned on"
},
{
"title": "Andriy Yarmolenko",
"text": " 13 March, substituting an injured Michail Antonio and scoring the opening goal in a 2–1 victory over Aston Villa. Four days later, Yarmolenko scored an extra-time winner for West Ham in their 2–1 aggregate win over Spanish club Sevilla in the Europa League round of 16, allowing West Ham to progress to a European quarter-final for the first time since 1981. In May 2022, West Ham announced that Yarmolenko would be allowed to leave at the end of his current contract in June 2022.</s><s>Club career.:Al-Ain. On 13 July 2022, Yarmolenko signed for the United Arab Emirates club Al-Ain on a one-year contract.</s><s>International career. On 11 August 2007 Yarmolenko represented Ukraine under-19 team in an away exhibition game against Japan, winning 1–0. He also participated in the 2008 UEFA European Under-19 Championship qualification. After the qualification on 10 October 2008, Yarmolenko was invited to the under-21 squad which played against the Netherlands. He later participated in qualification and finals of the 2011 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship. On 5 September 2009, in the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification game against Andorra, Yarmolen"
},
{
"title": "Andriy Yarmolenko",
"text": "ko made his first senior appearance for Ukraine and scored in a 5–0 win. On 2 September 2011, in an international friendly against Uruguay in Kharkiv, Yarmolenko set a national team record by scoring 14 seconds into the match, the fastest time in which a Ukraine national team player has scored a goal. Yarmolenko scored a hat-trick on 15 November 2014, netting all of Ukraine's goals in a 3–0 victory away to Luxembourg in UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying. In November 2015, Yarmolenko scored in both legs of Ukraine's 3–1 play-off victory over Slovenia to qualify the nation for Euro 2016 final stages. Yarmolenko was subsequently included in Ukraine's squad for Euro 2016, where he played in all three matches as Ukraine failed to score and finished bottom of the group. Yarmolenko scored against Netherlands at Johan Cruyff Arena in Amsterdam and against North Macedonia at Arena Națională in Bucharest for UEFA Euro 2020 and he has been elected Star of the Match. On 1 September 2021, Yarmolenko played his 100th game for Ukraine, in a 2022 World Cup qualification game against Kazakhstan. On 12 October 2021 he scored against Bosnia and Herzegovina at"
},
{
"title": "Andriy Yarmolenko",
"text": " Arena Lviv in Lviv and was voted player of the match. On 5 June 2022, Yarmolenko scored an own goal in Ukraine's defeat to Wales in a qualification game for the 2022 FIFA World Cup. The only goal of the game, he deflected a free-kick by Gareth Bale past goalkeeper, Heorhiy Bushchan as Wales qualified for their first World Cup since 1958. The decisive goal was later awarded to Bale at the end of June.</s><s>Outside of professional football. Yarmolenko has three sons with wife Inna. In 2020, Dmitry Adehiro created a mural with the image of Yarmolenko, during the reconstruction of the building of the Yunost Youth Sports School, just beside the Yunist Stadium in Chernihiv. On 7 October 2021, together with Igor Cheredinov (the trainer of Olena Kostevych), he was elected an honorary citizen of Chernihiv. In November 2021, a competition for the Andriy Yarmolenko Cup took place in the city of Chernihiv at the Yunist Stadium. In February 2022, Yarmolenko gave £75,000 to the Armed Forces of Ukraine to help defend the country in the wake of Russia's invasion."
},
{
"title": "Andriy Yarmolenko",
"text": " He also flew to the Ukraine border to rescue his wife and child after they fled the country following the invasion, according to former Ukrainian international Andriy Shevchenko. Chernihiv mayor Vladyslav Atroshenko and the governor of the Chernihiv Oblast Vyacheslav Chaus thanked Yarmolenko personally for his efforts. Yarmolenko helped save Roman Yaremchuk's wife's parents. The striker of the national team of Ukraine and Benfica, currently playing for Club Brugge (Belgium), Roman Yaremchuk told how his wife's parents were able to be taken out of Chernihiv with the help of Andriy Yarmolenko. \"I turned to Andriy Yarmolenko, knowing that he was from Chernihiv, and said, \"\"Help me as much as you can, thank you\".\" Of course, Andriy responded to my request and two days later they were taken away. The situation was quite difficult,\" Yaremchuk said. In March 2022, Yarmolenko after the winner for West Ham over Spanish club Sevilla in the Europa League, he gave West Ham shirt to fan holding Ukraine flag and Mark Noble was in tears as Hammers beat"
},
{
"title": "Andriy Yarmolenko",
"text": " Sevilla to reach Europa League quarter-finals on famous night. In May 2022, Yarmolenko presented an ambulance to his hometown Chernihiv, sending it from London.</s><s>Career statistics.</s><s>Career statistics.:Club.</s><s>Career statistics.:International.</s><s>Honours. Dynamo Kyiv - Ukrainian Premier League: 2008–09, 2014–15, 2015–16 - Ukrainian Cup: 2013–14, 2014–15 - Ukrainian Super Cup: 2009, 2011, 2016 Individual - Best Young Player of Ukraine: 2010, 2011 - Ukrainian Premier League Footballer of the Year: 2011, 2014 - Ukrainian Footballer of the Year: 2013, 2014, 2015, 2017 - Ukrainian Premier League Player of the Year: 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17 - Football Stars of Ukraine – Best UPL player: 2016 - UEFA awards 100 caps</s><s>See also. - List of men's footballers with 100 or more international caps</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Andriy Yarmolenko",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Europe/Middle East"
}
|
factscore-000342
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Zubaira Tukhugov.
|
[
{
"title": "Zubaira Tukhugov",
"text": "<s>Zubaira Tukhugov Zubaira Alikhanovich Tukhugov (born January 15, 1991) is a Russian mixed martial artist, who fought in the Lightweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). A professional MMA competitor since 2010, Tukhugov made a name for himself, fighting in promotions like Cage Warriors, ProFC, Fight Nights (EFN) and others, before joining the UFC in 2014.</s><s>Mixed martial arts career. Tukhugov made his professional debut in 2010 beating his three opponents by winning Pankration Atrium Cup 2 eight man, one night tournament. After a 10-3 mixed martial arts records, he would be signed by the Russian promotion, Fight Nights, where he won all of his 3 fights, defeating Romano De Los Reyes, Harun Kina and Vaso Bakocevic. During his time on Fight Nights, Tukhugov did a fight for Cage Warriors, defeating Denys Pidnebesnyi at CWFC 58.</s><s>Mixed martial arts career.:Ultimate Fighting Championship. In December 2013, it was announced that Tukhugov had signed a contract with UFC and was scheduled to make his promotional debut"
},
{
"title": "Zubaira Tukhugov",
"text": " against Thiago Tavares on February 15 at. However, Tavares was forced to pull out due to an undisclosed injury, and was replaced by UFC newcomer Douglas Silva de Andrade. Tukhugov dominated the fight and got a unanimous decision win. Tukhugov later faced Ernest Chavez on October 4, at. He won the fight via technical knockout due to punches in the first round. Tukhugov was expected to face Thiago Tavares on June 6, 2015 at However, the pairing was scrapped after Tukhugov suffered a rib injury. Tukhugov faced Phillipe Nover on December 10, 2015 at UFC Fight Night 80. He won the fight by split decision. Tukhugov next faced Renato Moicano on May 14, 2016 at UFC 198. In a controversial series of events, despite Tukhogov suffering a kick to the groin in the first round and again in the second round, referee Eduardo Herdy signaled the competitors to continue. Tukhogov lost the fight via split decision. Tukhugov was expected to face Tiago Trator on December 9, 2016 at UFC Fight Night 102. However, on November 14, Tukhugov was"
},
{
"title": "Zubaira Tukhugov",
"text": " pulled from the card after being notified by USADA of a potential anti-doping violation stemming from an out-of-competition sample collected earlier. In February 2018, it was announced that Tukhugov received a two years USADA suspension and contributed USD ten thousand dollar for the arbitration proceedings in testing positive for ostarine from a sample collected on October 29, 2016. Tukhugov was scheduled to face Artem Lobov on October 27, 2018 at UFC Fight Night 138. However, it was reported that Tukhugov was removed from the fight due his role in the UFC 229 post-fight melee. After a three-year lay-off, Tukhugov returned to face Lerone Murphy on September 7, 2019 at UFC 242. The back-and-forth fight ended in a split draw with one judge assigning each fighter a 29-28 win and the third seeing it as a 28-28 draw. Tukhugov faced Kevin Aguilar on February 23, 2020 at UFC Fight Night 168. He won the fight via TKO in the first round. Tukhugov faced Hakeem Dawodu on September 27, 2020 at UFC 253. At the weigh-ins, Tukh"
},
{
"title": "Zubaira Tukhugov",
"text": "ugov weighed in at 150 pounds, four pounds over the non-title featherweight fight limit. The bout proceeded at a catchweight and Tukhugov was fined a percentage of his purse, which went to his opponent Dawodu. Tukhugov lost the fight via split decision. Tukhugov was scheduled to face Ricardo Ramos on March 13, 2021 at UFC Fight Night 187. A week before the event, Tukhugov pulled out due to undisclosed reasons. Promotion officials elected to remove Ramos from the card entirely. The Ramos bout was rescheduled for October 30, 2021 at UFC 267. He won the bout via unanimous decision. Tukhugov was scheduled to face Nate Landwehr on August 6, 2022 at UFC on ESPN 40, However, Tukhugov pulled out of the fight due to alleged visa issues which restricted his travel. Tukhugov was scheduled to face Lucas Almeida on October 22, 2022 at UFC 280. The bout was canceled just minutes before weigh-ins, due to weight management issues. Tukhugov was scheduled to face Joel Álvarez on February 14, 2023 at UFC 284. However, Alvarez withrew from the event for undisclosed"
},
{
"title": "Zubaira Tukhugov",
"text": " reasons and he was replace by promotional newcomer Elves Brenner. At the weigh-ins, Tukhugov weighed in at 157.5 pounds, one and a half pound over the lightweight non-title fight limit. The bout proceeded at catchweight and Tukhugov was fined 30% of his purse, which went to Brenner. He lost the fight via split decision. On February 28, 2023 Tukhugov was released from the UFC roster.</s><s>Controversies.</s><s>Controversies.:UFC 229 Nurmagomedov-McGregor post-fight incident. At UFC 229, Khabib Nurmagomedov jumped the cage after his victory and charged toward Conor McGregor's team mate Dillon Danis. Soon after, McGregor and Khabib's cousin Abubakar Nurmagomedov attempted to exit the octagon, but a scuffle broke out between them after McGregor hit Abubakar, who then punched him back. Tukhugov jumped the cage and punched McGregor before security pulled him and Asadulla Emiragaev away. On January 29, 2019, the NSAC announced a one-year suspension for Tukhugov, (retroactive to October 6, 2018"
},
{
"title": "Zubaira Tukhugov",
"text": ") and a $25,000 fine. On May 22, 2019, NSAC reduced the suspensions by 35 days which allowed Tukhugov to be eligible to compete again on September 1, 2019.</s><s>Mixed martial arts record.</s><s>See also. - List of male mixed martial artists</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Zubaira Tukhugov",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Europe/Middle East"
}
|
factscore-000343
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Gretl Braun.
|
[
{
"title": "Gretl Braun",
"text": "<s>Gretl Braun Margarete Berta \"Gretl\" Braun (; 31 August 1915 – 10 October 1987) was one of the two sisters of Eva Braun. She was a member of the inner social circle of Adolf Hitler at the Berghof. Gretl became the sister-in-law of Hitler following his marriage to Eva, less than 40 hours before the couple killed themselves together. Braun married SS-Gruppenführer Hermann Fegelein, a liaison officer on Hitler's staff, on 3 June 1944. In the closing days of World War II, Fegelein was shot for desertion. Despite Gretl's ties to the Nazi regime, she managed to survive the war nearly completely unscathed. She changed her name, remarried, and lived a quiet life until her death in 1987.</s><s>Early life. Braun was the youngest of three daughters of school teacher Friedrich \"Fritz\" Braun and seamstress Franziska \"Fanny\" Kronberger. After dropping out of secondary school at the age of 16, she worked as a clerk for the photography company of Heinrich Hoffmann, the official photographer for the Nazi Party, who also employed her sister Eva. Hitler provided the sisters with a three-bedroom"
},
{
"title": "Gretl Braun",
"text": " apartment in Munich in August 1935, and the next year with a villa in Bogenhausen. Their father was not pleased with this arrangement and wrote to Hitler to protest about it. The sisters were keen photographers; in 1943 Gretl attended the Bavarian State School of Photography.</s><s>With Eva at the Berghof. Gretl spent much time with Eva at Hitler's Berghof retreat in the Obersalzberg of the Bavarian Alps, where she enlivened the formal atmosphere by having fun, smoking, and flirting with the orderlies. According to Hitler's secretary, Traudl Junge, Hitler explained to her at length why he detested smoking, but she would not give up the habit. Gretl fell for Hitler's SS adjutant Fritz Darges, but he was suddenly dismissed by Hitler and posted to command a unit on the Eastern Front following an insubordinate comment at a meeting in 1944.</s><s>Marriage. On 3 June 1944, she married SS-Gruppenführer Hermann Fegelein, who served as Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler's liaison officer on Hitler's staff. Their wedding took place at the Mirabell Palace in"
},
{
"title": "Gretl Braun",
"text": " Salzburg with Hitler, Himmler, and Martin Bormann as witnesses. Her sister Eva made all the wedding arrangements. A wedding reception at the Berghof and party at the Eagle's Nest at Obersalzberg lasted three days. The marriage provided Hitler with a formal link to Eva and a reason to include her at public functions. Fegelein was a known playboy and had many extramarital affairs.</s><s>Downfall of the Third Reich. Three days after Gretl's wedding, the Normandy Landings took place. The social scene at the Berghof effectively ended on 14 July 1944 when Hitler left for his military headquarters, never to return. On 19 January 1945, Gretl and Eva arrived at the Reich Chancellery in Berlin, but they left for Berchtesgaden on 9 February. Eva later returned alone. On 23 April she wrote her last letter to Gretl and included a request for her to destroy all her business papers, but to retain the personal correspondence or bury it. None of these documents have been found. Gretl was pregnant and still at the Berghof when her husband was arrested for desertion on 28 April 1945 in an apartment in Berlin, having gone missing from the Führer"
},
{
"title": "Gretl Braun",
"text": "bunker. Initially, out of consideration for Eva, Hitler considered ordering Fegelein assigned to the defence of Berlin. However, after learning of Himmler's offer to surrender to the western Allies, Hitler ordered Himmler arrested and Fegelein shot. Hitler married Eva Braun in the early morning hours of 29 April. On the afternoon of 30 April 1945 the couple committed suicide. On 5 May 1945 at Obersalzberg, Gretl gave birth to a daughter, whom she named Eva Barbara in memory of her sister. Eva Barbara committed suicide in 1971, after her boyfriend was killed in a car accident.</s><s>Later life. Braun married Kurt Berlinghoff on 6 February 1954 in Munich. She died on 10 October 1987 in Steingaden, Bavaria, aged 72.</s><s>References. Notes Bibliography - {{cite book | last = Beevor - {{cite book | last = Bullock - {{cite book | last = Görtemaker - {{cite book | last = Joachimstaler - {{cite book | last = Junge - {{cite book | last = Kershaw - {{cite book | last = Knopp - {{cite book | last = Lambert - {{c"
},
{
"title": "Gretl Braun",
"text": "ite book | last = Linge - {{cite book | last = Miller - {{cite book | last = Williamson</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Gretl Braun",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Europe/Middle East"
}
|
factscore-000344
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Will Keane.
|
[
{
"title": "Will Keane",
"text": "<s>Will Keane William David Keane (born 11 January 1993) is a professional footballer who plays as a forward for Championship club Wigan Athletic and the Republic of Ireland national team. He began his career with Manchester United, having joined them at the age of 11, but made just three appearances for the first team and had loan spells with Wigan Athletic, Queens Park Rangers, Sheffield Wednesday and Preston North End before making a permanent move to Hull City in 2016. Following a loan spell at Ipswich Town in 2019, he was released by Hull at the end of the 2018–19 season. Keane joined Ipswich permanently on a one-year deal in August 2019. Keane joined Wigan Athletic on a 3-month contract in October 2020 after his release by Ipswich. After scoring 5 goals in 12 appearances by January 2021, he was offered a contract until the end of the season. Keane then signed a new 2-year deal with Latics ahead of the 2021–22 season. In September 2021, at the age of 28, Keane was called up to the Republic of Ireland squad for the first time, having declared his interest in playing for Ireland in 2019. He qualifies for Ireland through his father. His twin brother, Michael, is also a professional footballer who plays as a defender"
},
{
"title": "Will Keane",
"text": " for Everton and England. Ironically, Michael became a full England international after an underage career with the Republic of Ireland.</s><s>Early life. Born in Stockport, Greater Manchester, Keane and his twin brother Michael grew up in the suburb of Heaton Mersey and attended St Bede's College in south Manchester. They were spotted playing football for South Manchester by Manchester United at the age of 11, and soon joined the club's academy coaching system.</s><s>Club career.</s><s>Club career.:Manchester United. Keane worked his way up through the Manchester United academy, and made his first appearance for the under-18s on 21 April 2007 against Sheffield United, a game in which both sides had agreed to field their under-16 teams; at the age of 14, Keane came on as a substitute for goalscorer Tomos Roberts in the 77th minute of a 4–0 away win. His next appearance for the under-18s came almost two years later, when he started in central midfield in a 1–0 home defeat to Stoke City on 21 February 2009. Shortly before their 16th birthday earlier in the year, both Keanes were awarded three-year scholarships with Manchester United, which began in July 2009. The following season, Keane became a regular starter"
},
{
"title": "Will Keane",
"text": " for the under-18s, scoring 13 goals in 26 appearances in 2009–10, including all three goals in a 3–0 win at home to Manchester City; he also made several substitute appearances for the reserves. His reserve debut came as a substitute in a 1–0 league win away to Everton on 6 October 2009, and he scored his first goal five months later, in Manchester United's penultimate group match in the Manchester Senior Cup against Stockport County on 8 March 2010; after coming on for Nicky Ajose on the hour mark, Keane scored 14 minutes later to give Manchester United a 1–0 win. At the end of the season, Keane made a substitute appearance for the reserves in the Premier Reserve League Play-off Final against Aston Villa. After the game finished 1–1, the teams went to penalties, where Keane missed United's third penalty in a 3–2 shoot-out victory to win the Premier Reserve League title. Keane's performances during the 2009–10 season saw him receive the Jimmy Murphy Young Player of the Year award. Despite making just 17 appearances for the under-18s in 2010–11, Keane finished as the team's top scorer with 16 goals, including eight in just six FA Youth Cup matches – three in the semi"
},
{
"title": "Will Keane",
"text": "-final second leg against Chelsea and three more over the two legs of the final against Sheffield United. He also scored six goals in 10 appearances for the reserves; only a missed penalty denied him a hat-trick in a 5–1 win over Newcastle United on 16 December 2010, Ole Gunnar Solskjær's final match as manager. Keane was ever-present for the reserves in the league in 2011–12, scoring 14 times in 22 appearances, as well as four more in seven cup appearances. His best performance of the season came on 16 April 2012, when he scored four in a 6–3 win away to Newcastle United to confirm Manchester United as winners of the Premier Reserve League North. They again faced Aston Villa in the championship play-off, and again the match went to penalties, but this time Keane scored from his kick as United won 3–1. Keane was on the scoresheet again a week later as United made it a double with a 2–0 victory over Manchester City in the final of the Manchester Senior Cup. After being named as an unused substitute for a 2–1 defeat to Wolverhampton Wanderers in the Premier League on 5 February 2011 and a 3–0 win over Aldershot Town in the fourth round of the"
},
{
"title": "Will Keane",
"text": " 2011–12 Football League Cup on 25 October 2011, Keane made his senior debut on 31 December 2011 in a 3–2 defeat at home to Blackburn Rovers in the Premier League, coming on as a late substitute for Rafael. A knee ligament injury suffered while on international duty with the England under-19s in May 2012 kept Keane out for the entire 2012–13 season. He made his return for the under-21s at home to Bolton Wanderers on 16 September 2013, scoring the first goal in a 4–1 win. Three more goals followed in the under-21s' next two matches, against Bury and Bolton in the Manchester Senior Cup.</s><s>Club career.:Manchester United.:Wigan Athletic (loan). On 28 November 2013, Keane joined fellow Manchester United youngster Nick Powell on a one-month loan at Wigan Athletic. He made his debut at home to Derby County the following weekend, only to be replaced by Grant Holt at half-time with Wigan 3–0 down; they went on to lose the game 3–1. After failing to find the net in four appearances for Wigan, Keane returned to Manchester United in December 2013 having suffered a groin injury.</s><s>Club career.:Manchester United.:Queens Park Rangers"
},
{
"title": "Will Keane",
"text": " (loan). After recovering from injury, Keane made a loan move to Queens Park Rangers on 31 January 2014 until the end of the 2013–14 season. He made 10 appearances during the second half of the 2013–14 season as QPR won promotion to the Premier League through the Championship play-offs.</s><s>Club career.:Manchester United.:Sheffield Wednesday (loan). On 22 January 2015 Keane joined Sheffield Wednesday on loan for the remainder of the season. He made his Wednesday debut on 27 January in a 0–0 draw at Hillsborough against Birmingham City. His first senior goal came from the penalty spot to draw level in the Owls' 1–1 home draw to Cardiff City on 7 February. He made 13 appearances during his loan at Sheffield Wednesday, scoring 3 goals.</s><s>Club career.:Manchester United.:Preston North End (loan). On 8 July 2015, Keane signed on a season-long loan deal with Preston North End. On 31 December 2015, Manchester United recalled Keane from his loan. He made 22 appearances in all competitions during his loan spell at Deepdale, scoring twice.</s><s>Club career.:Hull City. On 30 August 2016, Keane signed a permanent deal with Hull City; the player moved to the \"T"
},
{
"title": "Will Keane",
"text": "igers\" on a three-year deal, reuniting with ex-Manchester United assistant manager Mike Phelan. He made his debut on 10 September 2016 away to Burnley when he came off the bench to replace Adama Diomande after 70 minutes. On 6 November 2016, during a match against Southampton, Keane suffered the second serious knee ligament injury of his career, putting him out of action until January 2018. He scored his first goal for the club on 10 April 2018, the final goal in a 0–5 away win against Burton Albion.</s><s>Club career.:Hull City.:Ipswich Town (loan). On 4 January 2019, Keane signed for Ipswich Town on loan until the end of the season. He made his debut for the club as a second-half substitute in a 0–1 FA Cup away loss to Accrington Stanley at the Crown Ground. He scored his first goal for the club on his home debut in a 1–0 win over Rotherham United at Portman Road, on 12 January 2019. He made 12 appearances for the Tractor Boys during his loan spell, scoring 3 goals. He was released by Hull City at the end of the 2018–19 season.</s><s>Club career.:Ipswich Town"
},
{
"title": "Will Keane",
"text": ". On 20 August 2019, Keane signed with Ipswich Town permanently on a free transfer. He signed a one-year contract, with the option of an additional 12 months. He made his first appearance following his return to the club as a second-half substitute in a 0–0 draw with Doncaster Rovers at Portman Road on 14 September. He scored his first goal of the season on 8 October, netting the fourth goal in a 4–0 home win over Gillingham in a group stage match of the EFL Trophy. Keane scored his first league goal of the season on 7 December in a 1–1 draw with Coventry City. With football suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic and with his contract expiring, on 18 May 2020 the club announced they had decided against taking up the additional 12 month option in Keane's contract, or offer him a new deal, and he subsequently left the club. He had scored 6 goals in 29 appearances in all competitions during the season.</s><s>Club career.:Return to Wigan Athletic. On 9 October 2020, Keane joined Wigan Athletic on a short-term contract until 9 January 2021, as Latics rebuilt their squad after entering administration and suffering relegation from the Championship in the 2019–20"
},
{
"title": "Will Keane",
"text": " season. He made his debut a day later, starting in a 0–3 loss to Crewe Alexandra. He scored his first goal for Wigan on 24 October, scoring the equalising goal in a 1–1 draw with Plymouth Argyle. On 15 January 2021, Keane signed a contract extension to keep him at the club for the rest of the season. By May, Keane had scored 11 goals in 34 games for Wigan in all competitions in the 2020–21 season. In June 2021, Keane signed a new two-year contract with Wigan. In the 2021-22 EFL League One campaign, Keane would finish as top goalscorer with 26 goals.</s><s>International career.</s><s>International career.:England youth. Born in England to an Irish father, Keane was eligible to play for either England or the Republic of Ireland. Keane debuted for the England under-16 team in a 3–1 win against Russia in 2009. He scored one goal in three appearances for the side. He was part of the England under-17 team that won the 2010 UEFA European Under-17 Football Championship, appearing in the final. He made a total of 15 appearances and scored three goals for the team. He then progressed to the under-19 side where he"
},
{
"title": "Will Keane",
"text": " made six appearances and scored one goal. He received a call up to the under-21 side managed by Stuart Pearce in November 2011, and received praise from Manchester United reserve team manager Warren Joyce, with Joyce saying Keane deserved the call up after his good form for the reserve team. He made his first appearance during a 5–0 win against Iceland, coming off the bench to replace midfielder Josh McEachran in the 78th minute. He appeared in the following game four days later against Belgium, this time coming on as a substitute for Marvin Sordell. On 25 May 2012, he scored twice as England under-19s beat Slovenia 5–0 at Deepdale.</s><s>International career.:Republic of Ireland. In 2019, it was reported that Keane was set to declare for the Republic of Ireland after he met with Ireland manager Mick McCarthy. In February 2019, in Ipswich match notes, he confirmed that he wanted to play for Ireland and that he hoped to be included in Ireland squads in the coming months, confirming that he had declared for Ireland. On 30 September 2021, Republic of Ireland manager Stephen Kenny included Keane in his squad for the upcoming 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification match against Azerbaijan and the international friendly against Qatar, although Keane did not make the matchday squad for"
},
{
"title": "Will Keane",
"text": " either game. He made his debut for Ireland in a World Cup qualifier against Portugal on 11 November 2021.</s><s>Honours. Manchester United - FA Youth Cup: 2010–11 Wigan Athletic - EFL League One: 2021–22 England U17 - UEFA European Under-17 Championship: 2010 Individual - Jimmy Murphy Young Player of the Year: 2009–10 - EFL League One Golden Boot: 2021–22 - PFA Team of the Year: 2021–22 League One</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Will Keane",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Europe/Middle East"
}
|
factscore-000345
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Cheyenne Brando.
|
[
{
"title": "Cheyenne Brando",
"text": "<s>Cheyenne Brando Tarita Cheyenne Brando (20 February 1970 – 16 April 1995) was a French fashion model. She was the daughter of actor Marlon Brando by his third wife Tarita Teriipaia, an actress from French Polynesia whom he met while filming \"Mutiny on the Bounty\" in 1962.</s><s>Early life. Born in 1970, Brando was raised by her mother Tarita on the island of Tahiti, south of Papeete. Her parents divorced in 1972. While growing up, Marlon Brando did not allow Cheyenne and her brother Tehotu to visit him in the United States. In 1976 he stated, \"I don't think I will let them [Cheyenne and Tehotu] go to the States. As Tahitians, they are too trusting. They would be destroyed in the pace of life in the States.\" As a child, Cheyenne reportedly adored her father and bragged about him. As she entered her teenage years, her feelings towards her father changed. In a 1990 interview she stated, \"I have come to despise my father for the way he ignored me when I was a child. He came to the island maybe once a year"
},
{
"title": "Cheyenne Brando",
"text": " but really didn't seem to care whether he saw me or not. He wanted us but he didn't want us.\" Cheyenne eventually dropped out of high school and began taking drugs including LSD, PCP, marijuana, and tranquilizers. During this time, she began a modeling career. In 1989, Cheyenne was seriously injured in a car accident when she crashed a Jeep she was driving after her father refused to allow her to visit him while he was filming \"The Freshman\" in Toronto. She sustained a broken jaw, a laceration under her eye, and a torn ear. Marlon Brando flew Cheyenne to Los Angeles to undergo extensive reconstructive and cosmetic surgery. The accident effectively ended her modeling career. After the accident, she began experiencing bouts of depression and attempted suicide.</s><s>Death of Dag Drollet. In May 1987, Cheyenne began dating 23-year-old Dag Drollet. His father, Jacques Drollet, was a member of the Assembly of French Polynesia. The pair were introduced through a get-together, as the Brandos and Drollets had been longtime friends. In 1989, Cheyenne became pregnant with their child. At Marlon Brando's request, the couple moved"
},
{
"title": "Cheyenne Brando",
"text": " to the United States and into Marlon's Mulholland Drive home to await the birth of their child. On 16 May 1990, Drollet was fatally shot by Cheyenne's elder half-brother Christian at their father's home. Christian Brando maintained that the shooting was accidental. He stated that earlier in the evening, Cheyenne told him that Drollet was physically abusing her. Later that night, Christian confronted Drollet about the abuse. Christian claimed that the gun went off after Drollet tried to take the gun away from him. Christian Brando was immediately arrested and charged with first-degree murder two days later. The prosecutors of the case attempted to subpoena Cheyenne to testify at Christian's trial as they felt her account of the night's event was crucial in proving the shooting was premeditated. However, she refused to testify and fled to Tahiti. On 26 June 1990, she gave birth to a son she named Tuki Brando. Soon after Tuki's birth, Cheyenne attempted suicide twice and was hospitalized for drug detoxification in a psychiatric hospital. On 22 December 1990, Cheyenne was declared \"mentally disabled\" by a French judge and was deemed unable to testify in her brother's trial."
},
{
"title": "Cheyenne Brando",
"text": " Without Cheyenne's testimony, prosecutors felt they could no longer prove that Drollet's death was premeditated. They presented Christian Brando with a plea deal. Christian took the deal and pleaded guilty to the lesser charge of voluntary manslaughter. He was sentenced to ten years in prison. He served a total of five years and was placed on three years' probation. In an interview given after his release, Christian stated that he doubted Cheyenne's accusations of physical abuse against Drollet due to her mental instability. \"I feel like a complete chump for believing her,\" he said.</s><s>Aftermath and final years. In the years following Drollet's death and her half-brother Christian's trial, Cheyenne's mental health steadily declined. She repeatedly entered drug rehab and psychiatric hospitals. Cheyenne also publicly accused her father of molesting her and accused him of being an accomplice in Drollet's death; Marlon Brando denied both accusations. Cheyenne was later formally diagnosed with schizophrenia, became isolated from her former friends, and ultimately lost custody of her son, Tuki, to her mother, who raised him in Tahiti. As an adult, Tuki Brando entered medical school and, like his mother,"
},
{
"title": "Cheyenne Brando",
"text": " would go into modeling.</s><s>Death. On 16 April 1995, Cheyenne shot herself at her mother's house in Puna'auia, Tahiti. Neither her father nor her half-brother Christian were able to attend her funeral in Tahiti. She was buried in the Roman Catholic Uranie Cemetery in Papeete in the family crypt of Dag Drollet's family.</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Cheyenne Brando",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Europe/Middle East"
}
|
factscore-000346
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Pratibha Patil.
|
[
{
"title": "Pratibha Patil",
"text": "<s>Pratibha Patil Prathibha Devisingh Patil (born 19 December 1934) is an Indian politician and lawyer who served as the 12th president of India spanning from 2007 to 2012. She is the first woman to become the president of India. A member of the Indian National Congress, she previously served as the Governor of Rajasthan from 2004 to 2007, and was a member of Lok Sabha from 1991 to 1996.</s><s>Early life. Patil was born in a Marathi family on 19 December 1934 in the village of Nadgaon in Jalgaon, Maharashtra. She is the daughter of Narayan Rao Patil. She was educated initially at R. R. Vidyalaya town and subsequently was awarded a master's degree in Political Science and Economics by Mooljee Jetha College, Jalgaon (then under Poona University), and then a Bachelor of Law degree by Government Law College, Bombay, affiliated to the University of Bombay (now University of Mumbai). Patil then began to practice law at the Jalgaon District Court, while also taking interest in social issues such as improving the conditions faced by Indian women. Patil married Devisingh Ramsingh Shekhawat on 7 July 1965."
},
{
"title": "Pratibha Patil",
"text": " The couple has a daughter, Jyoti Rathore and a son, Raosaheb Shekhawat, who is also a politician.</s><s>Political career. In 1962, at the age of 27, she was elected to the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly for the Jalgaon constituency. Thereafter she won in the Muktainagar (formerly Edlabad) constituency on four consecutive occasions between 1967 and 1985, before becoming a Member of Parliament in the Rajya Sabha between 1985 and 1990. In the 1991 elections for the 10th Lok Sabha, she was elected as a Member of Parliament representing the Amravati constituency. A period of retirement from politics followed later in the decade. Patil had held various Cabinet portfolios during her period in the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly and she had also held official positions while in both the Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha. In addition, she had been for some years the president of the Maharashtra Pradesh Congress Committee and also held office as Director of the National Federation of Urban Co-operative Banks and Credit Societies and as a Member of the Governing Council of the National Co-operative Union of India. On 8 November 2004 she was appointed the 17th Governor of Rajasthan, the first woman to hold that office.</s><s>Presidential"
},
{
"title": "Pratibha Patil",
"text": " election. Patil was announced as the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) candidate on 14 June 2007. She emerged as a compromise candidate after the left-wing parties of the alliance would not agree to the nomination of former Home Minister Shivraj Patil or Karan Singh. Patil had been loyal to the INC and the Nehru–Gandhi family for decades and this was considered to be a significant factor in her selection by INC leader Sonia Gandhi, although Patil said that she had no intention of being a \"rubber-stamp president\". In the same month that she was selected, as a member of the UPA Patil was accused of shielding her brother, G. N. Patil, in the 2005 Vishram Patil murder case. Vishram Patil had narrowly defeated G. N. Patil in an election to be the President of the District Congress Committee of Jalgaon and in September of that year had been murdered. Vishram Patil's widow eventually accused G. N. Patil of involvement in the crime and claimed that Pratibha Patil had influenced the criminal investigation and that the issue needed to be examined before presidential immunity became active. Her accusations were rejected by the courts in 2009 but in 2015 G. N"
},
{
"title": "Pratibha Patil",
"text": ". Patil was charged. No reference to the alleged involvement of Pratibha Patil was made at this time. Due to the presidential role being largely a figurehead position, the selection of the candidate is often arranged by consensus among the various political parties and the candidate runs unopposed. Contrary to the normal pattern of events, Patil faced a challenge in the election. The BBC described the situation as \"the latest casualty of the country's increasingly partisan politics and [it] highlights what is widely seen as an acute crisis of leadership\". It \"degenerated into unseemly mudslinging between the ruling party and the opposition\". Her challenger was Bhairon Singh Shekhawat, the incumbent vice-president and a Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) veteran. Shekhawat stood as an independent candidate and was supported by the National Democratic Alliance (NDA), a group led by the BJP, although the Shiv Sena party, which was a part of NDA, supported her because of her Marathi origin. Those opposed to Patil becoming president claimed that she lacked charisma, experience, and ability. They also highlighted her time spent away from high-level politics and queried her belief in the supernatural, such as her"
},
{
"title": "Pratibha Patil",
"text": " claim to have received a message from Dada Lekhraj, a dead guru. Various specific issues were raised, such as a comment made by her in 1975 that those suffering from hereditary diseases should be sterilized. Another alleged that while a Member of Parliament for Amravati she diverted Rs 3.6 million from her MPLADS fund to a trust run by her husband. This was in violation of Government rules which barred MPs from providing funds to organization's run by their relatives. The parliamentary affairs minister denied any wrongdoing on Patils' part, and noted that the funds are used under MPLADS, by the Comptroller and Auditor General of India. Patil won the election held on 19 July 2007. She garnered nearly two-thirds of the votes and took oath on 25 July 2007, as India's 12th president but 1st woman President.</s><s>Presidency. Patil's term as the President of India saw various controversies and is widely considered as lacklustre. She commuted death sentences of 35 petitioners to life, a record. President's Office, however, defended this by saying that President had granted clemency to the petitioners after due consideration and examining the advice of the Home Ministry. Patil was noted for having spent more money"
},
{
"title": "Pratibha Patil",
"text": " on foreign trips, and having taken a greater number of foreign trips, than any previous president. Sometimes accompanied by as many as 11 members of her family, there had been 12 foreign trips spanning 22 countries by May 2012, when she was away on her 13th trip. Those completed travels had cost Rs 205 crore (Rs 2.05 billion). The Ministry of External Affairs said that taking family members \"was not abnormal\". The Office of President has a five-year term and Patil retired from the role in July 2012. Patil allegedly used public funds to build a retirement mansion on a plot of military land in Pune. Tradition is that a retiring president either takes residence in Government accommodation in Delhi or moves back to their residence in their home state; her use of government money to build a retirement home at the end of the presidential term was unprecedented. Other controversies that arose after her retirement included her desire to claim both an official government car and fuel allowance for the running of a private car, despite rules clearly stipulating that this was an either/or situation. She also took possession of many gifts that had been given to her in her official role and was later forced to return them.</s><s>Business interests. Patil set up Vidya Bharati Shikshan Pras"
},
{
"title": "Pratibha Patil",
"text": "arak Mandal, an educational institute which runs a chain of schools and colleges in Amravati, Jalgaon, Pune and Mumbai. She also set up Shram Sadhana Trust, which runs hostels for working women in New Delhi, Mumbai and Pune; and an engineering college for rural students in Jalgaon district. She also co-founded a cooperative sugar factory known as Sant Muktabai Sahakari Sakhar Karkhana at Muktainagar. In addition, Patil founded a cooperative bank, Pratibha Mahila Sahakari Bank, that ceased trading in February 2003 when its licence was cancelled by the Reserve Bank of India. Among other failings, the bank had given illegal loans to her relatives that exceeded the bank's share capital. It had also given a loan to her sugar mill which was never repaid. The bank waived these loans, and this drove it into liquidation. The government liquidator of the bank, P. D. Nigam, said, \"The fact that relatives of the founder chairperson (Pratibha Patil) were among those indiscriminately granted loans and that some illegal loan waivers were done has come up in our audit.\" Six of the top ten defaulters in the bank were linked"
},
{
"title": "Pratibha Patil",
"text": " to her relatives. The INC claimed that Patil had not been involved with the bank since 1994 but \"The Indian Express\" reported that it had official documents showing her involvement as late as 2002.</s><s>Positions held. Pratibha Patil has held various official offices during her career. These are:</s><s>Honours. - : Grand Cross, Special Class of the Order of the Aztec Eagle (awarded 3 August 2018 - presented 1 June 2019).</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Pratibha Patil",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Europe/Middle East"
}
|
factscore-000347
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Walter Model.
|
[
{
"title": "Walter Model",
"text": "<s>Walter Model Otto Moritz Walter Model (; 24 January 1891 – 21 April 1945) was a German field marshal during World War II. Although he was a hard-driving, aggressive panzer commander early in the war, Model became best known as a practitioner of defensive warfare. His relative success as commander of the Ninth Army in the battles of 1941–1942 determined his future career path. Model first came to Hitler's attention before World War II, but their relationship did not become especially close until 1942. His tenacious style of fighting and loyalty to the Nazi regime won him plaudits from Hitler, who considered him one of his best field commanders and repeatedly sent him to salvage apparently desperate situations on the Eastern Front. Their relationship broke down by the end of the war after the German defeat at the Battle of the Bulge. In the aftermath of the encirclement and defeat of Army Group B at the Ruhr Pocket, Model committed suicide on 21 April 1945.</s><s>Early life and career. Model's decision to burn all his personal papers at the end of World War II means relatively little is known about his early years. Born to a music teacher in Genthin, Saxony, he belonged to a middle-class, non-"
},
{
"title": "Walter Model",
"text": "military family. Following schooling at the \"Bürgerschule\" (citizen school) in Genthin, he graduated with his \"Abitur\" from the \"Domgymnasium\" Naumburg, a humanities-oriented secondary school, on Easter 1909. He entered the army officer cadet school (\"Kriegsschule\") in Neisse (now Nysa, Poland) in 1909, where he was an unexceptional student, and was commissioned a lieutenant (\"Leutnant\") in the 52nd Infantry Regiment \"von Alvensleben\" in 1910. He made few friends among his fellow officers and soon became known for his ambition, drive, and blunt outspokenness. These were characteristics that marked his entire career.</s><s>Early life and career.:World War I. In World War I, the 52nd Infantry Regiment formed part of the 5th Division which fought on the Western Front. Model served as the adjutant of his regiment's 1st Battalion. In May 1915, he was severely wounded near Arras, and in October he won the Iron Cross, First Class. His deeds brought him to the attention of his divisional commander who, despite misgivings about his \"uncomfortable subordinate\", recommended Model"
},
{
"title": "Walter Model",
"text": " for a posting on the German General Staff. Among other things, this meant that Model took part in only the initial stages of the Battle of Verdun and escaped the carnage of the Battle of the Somme, to which his division was committed in his absence. Model completed the abbreviated staff officers' course and returned to the 5th Division as adjutant of the 10th Infantry Brigade, followed by postings as a company commander in both the 52nd Infantry Regiment and the 8th Life Grenadiers. He was promoted to captain (\"Hauptmann\") in November 1917, and in 1918 was assigned to the staff of the Guard Ersatz Division, which fought in the German spring offensive of that year. He ended the war with the 36th Reserve Division.</s><s>Early life and career.:Inter-war years. By the end of the war, Model had gained a reputation as a capable officer with great potential. Early on in his military career, Model had written a book on the Prussian general August Neidhardt von Gneisenau. In addition, he was already known to Hans von Seeckt, head of the slimmed-down Reichswehr, from his staff postings during the war, and he was equipped with an excellent reference from"
},
{
"title": "Walter Model",
"text": " Major-General Franz von Rantau, commander of the 36th Reserve Division. It was thus no surprise that he was one of the 4,000 officers retained in the Reichswehr. Model generally kept away from politics in the chaotic period that marked the birth of the Weimar Republic, although as an army officer he was involved in the bloody suppression of the 1920 communist uprising in the Ruhr. The next year he married Herta Huyssen; they had three children, Christa, Hella, and Hansgeorg. Model hated war stories and never discussed politics or the war with his wife. In 1925, Model was posted to the 3rd Infantry Division, an elite formation of the Reichswehr and one that was heavily involved in testing the technical innovations of that era. From 1928, he lectured in tactics and war studies for the basic General Staff training course, and in 1930 he was transferred to the Training Branch of the Truppenamt. He became known both for his enthusiastic support of military modernization and for his complete lack of tact. In 1938, the year he became a major general (\"Generalmajor\"), he led a testfiring of the Mörser 18 on mocked-up Czech fortifications, which did not impress Hitler"
},
{
"title": "Walter Model",
"text": ". As were many army officers at the time, Model was a supporter of the Nazi government; his time in Berlin also brought him into contact with senior members of the Nazi regime. Closer relationships with Goebbels and Speer developed during the war.</s><s>World War II. Model spent the first year of World War II as a chief of staff, first of IV Corps during the invasion of Poland, and then of Sixteenth Army during the Battle of France. He was promoted to lieutenant general (\"Generalleutnant\") in April 1940, and earned his first senior command posting in November that year, when he was assigned to lead the 3rd Panzer Division. He immediately proceeded to ignore all formalities of organization and command, which endeared him to his men and exasperated his staff—who often had to clean up the mess he left behind. He also instituted a combined arms training program where his men were thrown together in various ad-hoc groupings regardless of their parent unit: tankers trained with infantry, engineers with recon units, and so on. Model thus anticipated by some months the regular German use of Kampfgruppen in World War II. While this became routine later on, it was still not a universal practice in the Wehrm"
},
{
"title": "Walter Model",
"text": "acht in late 1940 and early 1941.</s><s>World War II.:Invasion of the Soviet Union. For Operation Barbarossa, the 3rd Panzer Division was assigned to the XXIV Panzer Corps, itself part of the 2nd Panzer Group, commanded by Heinz Guderian. The campaign opened on 22 June 1941, with Guderian urging his divisions forward at breakneck speed. This suited Model, and by 4 July, his advance elements leading the panzer group's charge had reached the Dnieper, an exploit that earned him the Knight's Cross. Crossing it in strength was another matter, however, as the Red Army was prepared to defend the river line. 3rd Panzer's vanguard was thrown back by the Soviet 21st Army, and it was not until 10 July that the Germans were in a position to force a crossing. For this operation, Model, now reinforced with additional troops, reorganized his command into three groups: an infantry-heavy force that would cross the river and establish a bridgehead, a mobile armored group that would pass through the bridgehead and continue the advance, and a fire support group containing nearly all his artillery. The plan worked so successfully that the river crossing cost scarcely any casualties. There followed two weeks of hard fighting"
},
{
"title": "Walter Model",
"text": " to defend the panzer group's flank, during which he was assigned the 1st Cavalry Division in addition to 3rd Panzer as \"Gruppe Model\", who then attacked to break up Soviet forces massing near Roslavl. After the fall of Smolensk, Hitler ordered a change of direction, and Guderian's panzer group turned south into Ukraine. Its objective was to trap the Soviet forces defending Kiev, an unsupported advance of 275 km (172 mi), and again 3rd Panzer would form the spearhead. From 24 August to 14 September, Model conducted a lightning thrust into the rear of the Soviet Southwestern Front. The maneuver reached its conclusion when 3rd Panzer made contact with the 16th Panzer Division from Army Group South at Lokhvitsa. While it took several more days to eliminate all resistance, the trap around Kiev had been closed.</s><s>World War II.:Before Moscow. Shortly thereafter, Model was promoted to \"General der Panzertruppe\" (general) and placed in command of XLI Panzer Corps, which was embroiled in Operation Typhoon, the assault on Moscow. The attack had begun on 2 October 1941, and Model arrived at his new command on 14 November, in the midst of the battle"
},
{
"title": "Walter Model",
"text": ". The corps, part of Georg-Hans Reinhardt's Third Panzer Group, was located at Kalinin, 160 km (100 mi) northwest of Moscow. It was worn out, at the end of a long and tenuous supply line (Model had been promoted on 28 October, and needed two weeks just to get to Kalinin), and the cold weather was starting to hamper the Germans. Nevertheless, morale remained high, and the final push towards Moscow began shortly after his arrival. Model was a whirlwind of energy, touring the front and exhorting his troops to greater efforts: he also ran roughshod over the niceties of protocol and chains of command, and, in general, left his staff trailing in his wake. By 5 December, XLI Panzer Corps' 6th Panzer Division had reached Iohnca, just from the Kremlin. There, the advance stopped, as the winter took hold. Temperatures dropped 20 to 40 °C below zero, weapons and vehicles froze solid, and the Germans were forced to call a halt to offensive operations. Just as the Germans had made the halt decision, the Soviet Kalinin, Western and Southwestern Fronts launched a massive counteroffensive, aimed at driving Army Group Centre back from Moscow"
},
{
"title": "Walter Model",
"text": ". The attacks were especially strong against Third Panzer Group, which had made some of the closest penetrations to the city. In three weeks of confused, savage fighting, Reinhardt extricated his troops from potential encirclement and fell back to the Lama River line. Placed in charge of covering the retreat, Model's harsh, almost brutal, style of leadership now paid dividends as panic threatened to infect the German columns. On several occasions, he restored order at a congested crossroads with a drawn pistol, but the retreat never became a rout. During this period, Model noticed that the Soviet attack—human wave attacks with poor tactical coordination—tended to be most successful when the Germans employed a strongpoint defense instead of a continuous line. Moreover, Soviet logistics were still inadequate to support a fast-moving battle; thus, even if a gap was made, it did not automatically mean a crisis. Therefore, he ordered his men to spread themselves out, which exploited his corps' advantage in artillery over the Soviets, while he created small mechanized kampfgruppen to deal with any breakthrough. His tactics were successful, if costly (by the end of 1941, 6th Panzer Division mustered 1,000 men, including all frontline, support and staff personnel"
},
{
"title": "Walter Model",
"text": "). He continued to advocate similar tactics throughout the remainder of his career.</s><s>World War II.:Rzhev. Model's success in holding his front had not gone unnoticed, and in January 1942 he was placed in charge of the Ninth Army occupying the Rzhev salient, leapfrogging at least 15 more senior commanders in Army Group Centre alone. Just prior to his departure for the front, the new army commander had held lengthy consultations with both Hitler and Halder. They impressed upon Model that great firmness would be necessary to save the army from destruction, and his vehement tone in reply so impressed Hitler that upon the General's departure he remarked: \"Did you see that eye? I trust that man to do it, but I wouldn't want to serve under him\". When Model took over, his sector was in a shambles: the Kalinin Front had broken through the line and was threatening the Moscow–Smolensk railway, the main supply route for Army Group Centre. Despite the danger, he realized the precarious position the attackers themselves were in and immediately counterattacked, cutting off the Soviet 39th Army. To hold the line Model threw every available man to the front, drafting construction units and the like to replenish the enormous"
},
{
"title": "Walter Model",
"text": " German losses. In the ferocious battles that followed, he repelled multiple Soviet attempts to relieve their trapped soldiers, the last being in February. He then squeezed out the pocket at his leisure, in a series of operations culminating in mid-July. For this, he was awarded the Oak Leaves to the Knight's Cross and promoted to colonel general (\"Generaloberst\"). Having restored Ninth Army's front, Model set about holding it. His defensive doctrine, which combined conventional thinking with his own tactical innovations, was based on the following principles: - Up-to-date intelligence, based on frontline sources and reconnaissance instead of relying on reports from rear-area analysts. - A continuous front line, no matter how thinly held. - Tactical reserves to halt any imminent breakthrough. - Centralized artillery command and control. Since the end of World War I, German divisions had had their artillery spread out amongst their component regiments, which made it difficult to bring the maximum weight of fire to bear on any one point. Model reorganized his artillery into special battalions under the direct control of the divisional and corps commanders. - Multiple static lines of defense, to delay the enemy's advance. Hitler had in fact forbidden the construction of multiple lines, saying that soldiers would be tempted to abandon their"
},
{
"title": "Walter Model",
"text": " current line in favor of falling back to the next; Model ignored this order. The expediency of preparing rearward defense lines, although these went against the express wishes of Hitler, meant that Model's influence was felt even when he was absent from the battlefield. At the end of July 1942 the front erupted as a new Soviet offensive tore through the German defense at Rzhev. Model was on convalescent leave, having been hit by a chance rifle shot whilst flying over the front, and General von Vietinghoff was in temporary command. Model returned to Ninth Army on the 10 August and immediately made his presence felt. He ordered the creation of scratch battle groups made up of soldiers returning from leave and threw them into the fighting. At almost exactly the same time he forcefully demanded extra divisions from Kluge at Army Group headquarters, or \"provide detailed instructions as to how the battle is to be continued.\" By the close of September, the Soviet offensive was temporarily spent, but Zhukov, unhappy with the results of the summer and still aware of opportunities around the Rzhev salient, tried again with even more force in November. Code named Operation Mars, Soviet forces struck simultaneously at the Ninth Army from four directions. Model's defensive abilities were once again put to"
},
{
"title": "Walter Model",
"text": " the test, and his forces were once again able to contain and then cut off and destroy Soviet spearheads, even though the German losses were again extensive. Model emerged from a year of fighting around Rzhev with an enhanced reputation as a \"Lion of defense\" (Löwe der Abwehr\"). Liddell Hart wrote that he had \"the amazing capability to collect a reserve from an almost empty battlefield\". Ninth Army eventually evacuated the salient in Operation Büffel in March 1943, as part of a general shortening of the line. Large-scale anti-partisan sweeps were carried out in the weeks before the operation (the army's sector was a hotbed for partisan activity), in which an estimated 3,000 Russians were killed, the great majority of whom were unarmed, as shown by the inventory of the seized weapons: 277 rifles, 41 pistols, 61 machine guns, 17 mortars, 9 antitank rifles and 16 small artillery pieces. The withdrawal itself was precisely planned and took two weeks, with minimal casualties or disruption in a move of an Army group numbering approximately 300,000 men, 100 tanks and 400 artillery pieces. In its wake, Model personally ordered the deportation of all male civilians, wells poisoned, and at least two dozen villages r"
},
{
"title": "Walter Model",
"text": "azed in a scorched earth policy to hinder the Red Army's follow up in the area. The official Soviet report published on 7 April 1943 showed the effects of the German policy. In Viazma, out of 5,500 buildings, only 51 small houses were still standing; at Gzhatsk, 300 out of 1,600; in Rzhev, 500 out of 5,400. 15,000 people were deported from the three towns alone. The rural areas suffered equally; in the Sychevka area, for example, 137 villages out of 248 had been burned down. British war correspondent Alexander Werth visited the area soon after the liberation and saw for himself the results of Model's orders. The report listed Model at the top of the list of the war criminals responsible for the \"deliberate extermination policy\" and noted that most of the killings of civilians were carried out by regular Wehrmacht units, not just the Gestapo or the SD. In the same month, Model received the Swords to his Knight's Cross, and Ninth Army received orders to move into Oryol.</s><s>World War II.:Kursk and Oryol. On 5 July 1943, Model led the northern assault on Kursk during Operation Citadel,"
},
{
"title": "Walter Model",
"text": " a plan which had caused great controversy within the German high command. Günther von Kluge and Erich von Manstein, commanding Army Groups Centre and South respectively, had originally urged that the salient be attacked in May, before the Soviets could prepare their defenses. Others, including Heinz Guderian, felt that attacking was unnecessary, since it would occasion heavy tank losses and thus upset plans for increasing German armored strength. Model was also skeptical of the plan's chances, pointing out that Konstantin Rokossovsky's Central Front was strongly dug in and outnumbered him two to one in men, tanks and artillery. Rather than conclude that the offensive be called off, however, he said it should be postponed until he could receive further reinforcements, in particular the new Panther tanks and Ferdinand tank destroyers. Model's true opinion on the value of the offensive remains unclear. Manstein took his recommendation at face value, while Guderian said that he was categorically against attacking. It has similarly been suggested that Model, in fact, hoped to scuttle the operation by causing it to be delayed until the Soviet forces launched their own attack. Model's assault was a failure, as Ninth Army quickly became enmeshed in the elaborate Soviet fortifications. The"
},
{
"title": "Walter Model",
"text": " Red Army's strength in the salient was, in fact, growing much faster than that of the attacking force. Nor did his tactical plan of attack meet with great success. Having less armor and more artillery than Manstein in the south, and fearing that the deep Soviet defenses would stall an armor-heavy attack (the hallmark of the German \"Blitzkrieg\"), he decided to use his infantry to breach Rokossovsky's line before unleashing his armor. It did not work. The Germans took heavy losses to advance less than 12 km (8 mi) in seven days, and were unable to break through to open ground. Model threw his armor into the fray, but with little effect, beyond incurring more casualties. (As mitigating factors, the Red Army had concentrated more of their strength facing Model in the north; and Rokossovsky had correctly anticipated where the attack would come, defending that sector heavily. Model's use of infantry assaults also meant his losses in armor were lower than those of Manstein.) Prior to Kursk, Model had anticipated the possibility of a Soviet attack into the Oryol Salient, and had (without OKH's knowledge) constructed extensive defensive works to meet such an attack. Following the st"
},
{
"title": "Walter Model",
"text": "alling of his advance, the Soviet counter-offensive, Operation Kutuzov, duly opened on 12 July. It involved not just Rokossovsky's Central Front, but also the Bryansk and Western Fronts, a greater concentration of forces than Model had assaulted in Operation Citadel. For the battle, Kluge placed him in command of Second Panzer Army in addition to Ninth Army—again, a larger total force than he had commanded in \"Citadel\". The Soviet preponderance of strength was such that Stavka expected it to take only 48 hours to reach Oryol, splitting the German forces into three parts; instead, the battle ended three weeks later with Model's orderly withdrawal from the salient. An idea of the scale of the fighting compared to \"Citadel\" can be gained from the combined casualty lists for Second Panzer and Ninth Armies: from 1 to 10 July, the Germans took 21,000 casualties, and from 11 to 31 July, 62,000. Despite these losses he had inflicted similarly heavy casualties on the three Red Army Fronts, shortened the line, and avoided annihilation. Similar to Rzhev withdrawal, Model ordered his troops to carry out the same scorched earth policy in the Oryolsalient,"
},
{
"title": "Walter Model",
"text": " destroying the infrastructure and harvest, and deporting 250,000 civilians in inhuman conditions. After the loss of Oryol, Model withdrew to the Dnieper as the Red Army went on the offensive from Smolensk in the north to Rostov in the south. He was relieved of command of the Ninth Army at the end of September, and took the opportunity to go on three months' leave in Dresden with his family.</s><s>World War II.:Estonia. Model's relief is believed not to have been a sign that he had lost Hitler's confidence, but rather that he had gained it, the Führer wanting him available should another emergency break out which needed his attention. Thus, on 31 January 1944, he was urgently sent to command Army Group North, which, two weeks earlier, had seen its stranglehold on Leningrad broken by the Volkhov, Leningrad and 2nd Baltic Fronts. The situation was dire: the Eighteenth Army had been shattered into three parts and on the same time, the front had virtually dissolved. The army group's previous commander, Georg von Küchler, had pleaded for permission to withdraw to the Panther Line in Estonia, which was still only half-completed at that"
},
{
"title": "Walter Model",
"text": " stage. Model immediately cracked down on such talk, instituting a new policy he called Shield and Sword (\"Schild und Schwert\"). Under this doctrine, ground would only temporarily be ceded, to gather reserves for an immediate counter-attack that would drive the Red Army back and relieve pressure on other areas of the front. These statements of aggressive intent won over Hitler and OKH, who had no substantial reserves to send him, but were still unwilling to lose territory. Historians have since debated their significance, some claiming that Shield and Sword was Hitler's invention, while others say they were a calculated ploy by Model to disguise his true intent—to pull back to the Panther Line. Regardless, the \"temporary\" loss of ground usually became permanent, as Model conducted a fighting withdrawal to the Panther Line. He delegated responsibility for the Narva front to Johannes Friessner commanding Army Detachment Narva, while he concentrated on extricating Eighteenth Army from its predicament. Without OKH's notice or approval, he constructed a series of interim defensive lines to cover its retreat, slowing down and inflicting heavy losses on the pursuing Soviet forces in the process. By 1 March, the withdrawal was complete. His forces were mostly intact, but the fighting had been fierce: his Shield"
},
{
"title": "Walter Model",
"text": " and Sword counter-attacks alone had cost him some 10,000–12,000 men. These counter-attacks usually failed to recover ground, but they kept the Red Army off-balance and won Model time to pull his units back. They also allowed him to say to Hitler that he was pursuing an aggressive approach, even as the front moved steadily to the west. On 1 March Model was promoted to \"Generalfeldmarschall\". His rise from colonel to field marshal had taken just six years.</s><s>World War II.:Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania and Poland. On 30 March 1944, Model was placed in command of Army Group North Ukraine in Galicia, which was withdrawing under heavy pressure from Zhukov's 1st Ukrainian Front. He replaced Manstein, who had fallen out of favor with Hitler. Despite Manstein's previous victories, the Führer wanted someone whom he anticipated would be unyielding in defense. On 28 June, Model was sent to rescue Army Group Centre, which had been torn apart by Operation Bagration, the Soviet offensive in Belorussia. The Ninth Army (Model's old command) and Fourth Army were trapped, and the Red Army was about to liberate Minsk. Despite the catastrophic situation, Model believed"
},
{
"title": "Walter Model",
"text": " he could still hold Minsk, but this would require Fourth Army to break out of its pocket, and reinforcements to counter-attack the Soviet advance. The reinforcements, in turn, could only be obtained by pulling back, thus shortening the line and freeing up troops. The general consensus is that the German position was doomed, regardless of what Model could have done, but Hitler refused to sanction either Fourth Army's escape or a general withdrawal, until it was too late. Minsk was liberated by the Soviet 1st and 3rd Belorussian Fronts on 3 July, but Model still hoped to re-establish the front to the west of the city, with the aid of divisions from Army Groups North and North Ukraine. However, German strength was unequal to the task, and he had been driven out of Vilnius and Baranovichi by 8 July. At the same time, the 1st Ukrainian Front (now commanded by Ivan Konev) and the 1st Belorussian Front's left wing (which had been uncommitted thus far) opened up a fresh offensive against Army Group North Ukraine. In this battle, the First Panzer Army managed to hold the line east of Lvov using Model's defensive tactics, but was forced to retreat when the Fourth Panzer"
},
{
"title": "Walter Model",
"text": " Army, weakened by the steady flow of units to Army Group Centre, was unable to stem the Soviet penetrations of its front. Model encircled and destroyed the Soviet 3rd Tank Corps in a large-scale tank battle near Radzymin and stopped the Red Army's advance just short of Warsaw by 3 August, setting up a continuous front from south of Shaulyay to the right boundary on the Vistula near Pulawy. At various times in 1944, Model commanded each of the three major army groups on the Eastern Front, and for a short period in the middle of the year was commanding both Army Groups Centre and North Ukraine simultaneously.</s><s>World War II.:Normandy. On 17 August 1944, Model received from Hitler Diamonds to go with his Knight's Cross with Oakleaves and Swords, in reward for his shoring up of the Eastern Front. Simultaneously, he was transferred to the west, replacing Kluge as commander-in-chief of Army Group B and OB West. The front in Normandy had collapsed after nearly two months of severe fighting, the U.S. Third Army was driving for the Seine, and an Army group was in danger of being annihilated in the Falaise pocket. Model's first order"
},
{
"title": "Walter Model",
"text": " was that Falaise be defended, which did not impress his staff. However, he quickly changed his mind, convincing Hitler to authorize the immediate escape of the German Seventh Army and Panzer Group Eberbach—something that Kluge, with his limited political clout, had not been able to do. He was thus able to rescue a high proportion of the units involved, albeit at the cost of nearly all their armor and heavy materiel. When Hitler demanded that Paris be held, Model replied that he could do so, but only if given an extra 200,000 men and several panzer divisions—an act that has been described as naïveté by some, and canny bargaining by others. The reinforcements were not forthcoming, and the city's liberation took place on 25 August. Meanwhile, Model fell back to the German border. After the fighting in Normandy, Model established his headquarters at Oosterbeek, near Arnhem in the Netherlands, where he set about the massive task of rebuilding Army Group B. On 17 August 1944, Model was appointed to the temporary command of OB West, upon Kluge's recall to Berlin to answer charges that he had involvement with the failed 20 July Plot. (Kluge committed suicide en route.) Model retained command of OB West"
},
{
"title": "Walter Model",
"text": " for eighteen days before Hitler appointed Gerd von Rundstedt as permanent replacement for Kluge, allowing Model to return to the command of Army Group B.</s><s>World War II.:Retreat to Germany. On 17 September, his lunch was interrupted when the British 1st Airborne Division dropped into the town launching Operation Market Garden, the Allied attempt to capture the bridges on the lower Rhine, Maas and Waal. Model initially thought they were trying to capture him and his staff, but the seemingly vast scale of the assault soon convinced him otherwise. When he perceived what the Allies' real objective was, he ordered the II SS Panzer Corps into action. The corps, containing the 9th SS Panzer and 10th SS Panzer Divisions refitting after Normandy, had been overlooked by Allied intelligence. Whilst still seriously understrength, it was composed of veterans and was a deadly threat to lightly equipped paratroopers. 9th SS Panzer took on the British at Arnhem, while the 10th moved south to defend the bridge at Nijmegen. Model believed that the situation represented not just a threat, but also an opportunity to counter-attack and possibly clear the Allies out of the Southern Netherlands. Towards this end, he forbade SS General Willi Bitt"
},
{
"title": "Walter Model",
"text": "rich and SS Lieutenant General Heinz Harmel, commanding II SS Panzer Corps and 10th SS Panzer respectively, from destroying the Nijmegen bridge. With the exception of this tactical error, Model is considered to have fought an outstanding battle and handed the Allies a sharp defeat. The bridge at Arnhem was held and the 1st Airborne Division destroyed, dashing the Allies' hopes for a foothold over the Rhine before the end of the year. Despite the failed German counter offensive to evict the allies from the Island in early October, Arnhem restored much of Model's self-confidence, which had been shaken by the experience of Normandy. From September to December, he fought another Allied thrust to a standstill, this time by Omar Bradley's U.S. 12th Army Group into the Hürtgen Forest and Aachen. While he interfered less in the day-to-day movements of his units than at Arnhem, he still kept himself fully informed on the situation, slowing the Allies' progress, inflicting heavy casualties and taking full advantage of the fortifications of the \"Westwall\", known to the Allies as the Siegfried Line. The Hürtgen Forest cost the U.S. First Army at least 33,000 killed and incapac"
},
{
"title": "Walter Model",
"text": "itated, including both combat and non-combat losses: German casualties were at least 28,000. Aachen eventually fell on 22 October, again at high cost to the U.S. Ninth Army. The Ninth Army's push to the Roer River fared no better, and did not manage to cross the river or wrest control of its dams from the Germans. Hürtgen was so costly that it has been called an Allied \"defeat of the first magnitude\", the credit for which has been personally assigned to Model's leadership.</s><s>World War II.:Battle of the Bulge. Following the Wehrmacht's recent defensive victories in the West, Hitler decided to launch a last-ditch offensive aiming to catch the Anglosphere forces by surprise, with the objective of retaking Antwerp, striking the seam between the British and Americans that leads to political as well as military disharmony between the Allies, isolate the 21st Army Group, thereby allowing their encirclement and destruction before the American leadership (particularly the political leadership) could react and erasing the enemy ground threat to the Ruhr. Model, along with all the other commanders involved, believed this aim was unachievable given the resources available to the Wehrm"
},
{
"title": "Walter Model",
"text": "acht on the West Front at this late point in the war. His first reaction to the plan was caustic in the extreme: \"This plan hasn't got a damned leg to stand on.\" At the same time, both he and Rundstedt felt that the purely defensive posture as had been adopted since retirement from Normandy could only delay Germany's defeat, not prevent it. Thus, he prepared Operation Herbstnebel, a less ambitious attack that did not aim to cross the Meuse, but would still, if successful, have inflicted a severe setback on the Western Allied Army groups now bearing down on the Franco-German border. A similar plan had been developed by Rundstedt at OB West, and the two field marshals combined their idea to present a joint \"small solution\" to Hitler. Hitler however rejected this compromise, and the \"big solution\" of aiming for Antwerp was ordered. For this operation Model had at his disposal Sixth SS Panzer Army, Fifth Panzer Army and Seventh Army. These armies, with over 2,000 panzers and 2,000 airplanes represented the last strategic reserve of the crumbling Third Reich. Despite his misgivings, Model threw himself into the task with his usual energy, cracking down on any defeatism he"
},
{
"title": "Walter Model",
"text": " might find. When a staff officer complained about shortages, Model snapped: \"If you need anything, take it from the Americans\". When Ludwig Heilmann warned Model that his command 5th Parachute Division was only a Class IV outfit, Model, who by now must have been surfeited with complaints on lack of equipment and insufficient training, merely replied that success would be won by the paratroopers' \"usual audacity.\" He remained acutely aware of both the operation's significance, and its most likely outcome. When Colonel Friedrich August von der Heydte, ordered to lead a parachute drop as part of the operation, said that the jump had no more than a 10 percent chance of success, he replied: \"Well, then it is necessary to make the attempt, since the entire offensive has no more than a 10 percent chance of success. It must be done, since this offensive is the last remaining chance to conclude the war favorably.\" The operation was launched on 16 December 1944 and enjoyed initial success, but it quickly suffered from a lack of air cover and the inexperience in some of its infantry component, and critically short fuel supply. Sixth SS Panzer Army met heavy allied resistance, and while Fifth Panzer Army managed to make a deep thrust into Allied line, Model"
},
{
"title": "Walter Model",
"text": " was unable to exploit the breakthrough there. He had failed to capture a vital road junction at Bastogne, and this in combination with poor weather and difficult terrain, caused the German columns to back up into huge traffic jams on the roads behind the front. Starved of fuel and ammunition, the attack had broken down by 25 December, and was abandoned on 8 January.</s><s>World War II.:Defeat at the Ruhr. The failure of \"Unternehmen Wacht am Rhein\" marked the end of Model's special relationship with Hitler, who on 21 January 1945 issued an order that all the divisions of Army Group B would thenceforth be personally responsible to him to limit Model's operational freedom of decision. Any suggestion of its withdrawal back to the river Rhine to obtain a better fighting position—given the Third Reich's weakening strength against the Allied torrent of men and material—was forbidden, and it was ordered to conduct its actions from now on upon the strategic basis of not yielding an inch of ground and an abandonment of tactical maneuver. By mid-March Model and Army Group B had been forced back in fighting of attrition with the Americans across the Rhine river into Germany itself after the stunning failure to destroy the Ludendorff Bridge during the Battle"
},
{
"title": "Walter Model",
"text": " of Remagen. On 1 April Army Group B found itself completely surrounded in the Ruhr by the U.S. First and Ninth Armies. Hitler's response was to declare the Ruhr a fortress, from which he commanded that there was to be no surrender or attempt to break out, in an order similar to that which he had issued at Stalingrad. He further ordered that its physical economic infrastructure—the heart of Germany's industrial power—be destroyed by Army Group B to prevent it falling into Allied hands. Model ignored these instructions. On 15 April, after the Allies had split the pocket into two, Major-General Matthew Ridgway commanding the U.S. XVIII Airborne Corps called upon Model to surrender rather than throw the lives of the soldiers under his command away in an impossible tactical situation for Army Group B. Model's reply was that he still considered himself bound by his oath to Adolf Hitler and his sense of honor as a German field marshal, and in consequence a formal surrender was out of the question. Instead of surrendering, Model ordered Army Group B's dissolution. The oldest and youngest soldiers were discharged from military service and the remaining men were granted leave by order, to either surrender or attempt to break out at their own discretion"
},
{
"title": "Walter Model",
"text": ". The Fifth Panzer Army had already laid down its arms before this order was given and Model's command communications in the pocket were disintegrating. On 20 April, Joseph Goebbels' Propaganda Ministry in Berlin publicly denounced Army Group B as traitors to the Reich, marking the final act between Model and the Nazi regime he had served.</s><s>Suicide. Model's decision to dissolve his command ended the war for his men, but he had little desire to witness the aftermath of defeat. He said to his staff before dissolving his command: \"Has everything been done to justify our actions in the light of history? What can there be left for a commander in defeat? In antiquity they took poison\". His decision to commit suicide was sealed when he learned that the Soviets had indicted him for war crimes, specifically the deaths of 577,000 people in concentration camps in Latvia and the deportation of 175,000 others as slave labor. He shot himself in the head in a forest on 21 April 1945. The site of the event, between Duisburg and the village of Lintorf, is today part of the city of Ratingen. Model was buried in the place where he shot himself. In 1955, his son, Hansgeorg Model, future brigadier"
},
{
"title": "Walter Model",
"text": " general in the Bundeswehr, had Model's remains recovered from its field grave with the help from his former adjutant, Colonel Theodor Pilling, who buried him, and organized a reburial in the \"Soldatenfriedhof Vossenack\", a German military cemetery in the Hürtgen Forest.</s><s>Generalship.</s><s>Generalship.:Limitations. Unlike Erwin Rommel, another field marshal who preferred to lead from the front, Walter Model was almost universally disliked by those who had to work with him. For example, when he was made commander of the XLI Panzer Corps in 1941, the entire corps staff asked to be transferred. He made a habit of being abusive and foul-mouthed, micromanaging his subordinates, changing plans without consultation, and bypassing the chain of command when it suited him. He was oblivious to the niceties of etiquette, often reprimanding or castigating his officers in public. When he departed Army Group North in March 1944 after being sent to Ukraine, the army group's chief of staff remarked, \"the 'Swine' is gone\". It was a reference to Model's nickname among his staffers, that he had earned during his time at XLI Panzer Corps,"
},
{
"title": "Walter Model",
"text": " namely 'Frontline Pig' (\"Frontschwein\"). He was considered a thorough and competent leader but known to \"demand too much, and that too quickly\", accepting no excuses for failure from either his own men or those who outranked him. His troops were said to have \"suffered under his too-frequent absences and erratic, inconsistent demands\", for he frequently lost sight of what was or was not practically possible. Yet his dislike of bureaucracy and his crude speech often made him well liked by many under his command. Model's Büffel movement, the retreat on the Hagen line during the Red Army's Oryol offensive and the improvisation during the restoration of the front at Army Group Center and in the west must count as examples of extraordinary retreat operations. His command style had worked when he was leading a division or corps, but once promoted to command of an army, it opened him to criticism over whether the advantages gained were enough to offset the loss of efficiency that followed. The statement that he was no strategist can find merit as it was observed that he showed little inclination to contemplate those stretches of the front he did not command and therefore disregarding the strategic field to conduct warfare. But the conditions, by then, did not exist for any general"
},
{
"title": "Walter Model",
"text": " in the Third Reich.</s><s>Generalship.:Strengths. Model is regarded as being an excellent defensive commander of the Third Reich, and having an \"outstanding talent for improvisation\". At 3rd Panzer Division he was a pioneer in the use of Kampfgruppen, which would soon become standard practice for the Germans. He had a formidable memory and eye for detail, which allowed him to dominate his staff officers, especially those in charge of specialist areas such as artillery, transport and communications. Before the war he was put in charge of analyzing technical advances at home and abroad and his enthusiasm for innovation earned him the nickname \"Armee Modernissimus\" (\"the army modernization fanatic\"). Model fought nearly all his battles in the northern and central parts of the Eastern Front; he was never tested on the steppes of southern Russia, where the open terrain would have made mobile warfare a more attractive proposition. Nevertheless, his defensive record indicated the value of his approach. At Rzhev, Oryol, in Galicia and in Estonia he stymied opponents who expected to overwhelm him. He had the reputation of a ruthless commander, willing to inflict and take casualties to stabilize his front. The splitting up of units was continually practiced by Model and"
},
{
"title": "Walter Model",
"text": " took place on the regimental and divisional level. The objective was always to give necessary reinforcements to the centers of gravity when no reserves were available. From an operational viewpoint this allowed Model to achieve defensive successes, which would not have been possible otherwise. According to Newton, the sending of theatre or operational reserves into the line where the fighting was toughest was meant to preserve the units Model saw as organically tied to his own command. For example, he was given the elite \"Großdeutschland\" Division in September 1942, when his Ninth Army was under heavy attack during Operation Mars. Though he was told that the division was not to be broken up, Model nonetheless split it into battalions and companies, which he used to plug any gaps that appeared. \"Großdeutschland\" took nearly 10,000 casualties out of a strength of 18,000 men, and at one point was reportedly close to mutiny; but from Model's viewpoint these losses were acceptable because they meant that Ninth Army's own troops did not have to suffer them. According to Newton, Model reasoned that the elite units would be eventually withdrawn and reformed, an option which may not have been available to his regular army divisions. That said, he did not simply treat these reserve units as disposable."
},
{
"title": "Walter Model",
"text": " In early 1942, the \"Der Führer\" Regiment of the 2nd SS Division \"Das Reich\" was reduced to a handful of men in three weeks of bitter fighting—but in that time it also received reinforcements including 88 mm guns, artillery pieces, and StuG III assault guns, and Model himself visited the sector daily, calculating the minimum support that would be needed to hold off the Soviet attacks. Model was aware of the negative effects of the splitting up of units. For example, on 7 October 1944 he forbade the splitting up of regiments into autonomous battalions to be used outside the division. Allied to this were his boundless determination and vigor and stubborn refusal to countenance defeat. He held himself to the same high standard as he held those around him, saying: \"He who leads troops has no right to think about himself\". His visits to the front may not have helped operational efficiency, but they energized his men, who consistently held him in much higher regard than did his officers. As commanding general of Ninth Army he was once recorded as personally leading a battalion attack against a Soviet position, pistol in hand. In combat he spared neither himself nor his subordinates. His peers respected his ability and iron will, even though they may have"
},
{
"title": "Walter Model",
"text": " detested his personality. Guderian thought him the best choice to command Army Group Centre during the crisis of Operation Bagration; the Ninth Army's War Diary recorded, after he arrived at army group headquarters in Minsk: \"The news of Field Marshal Model's arrival is noted with satisfaction and confidence.\" Model was the master of the type of defense which can be called 'defense limited in time'; in which one defends as long as possible but then retreats to avoid breakthrough and destruction. He was always at the critical points and took away battlegroups or even single battalions from less threatened sectors. With these units holes were plugged at other locations or short counterattacks were executed and so opportunities were created for bigger solutions. Thus, a closed front was guaranteed while the mixing and tearing apart of units was viewed as the smaller evil. This exceptional skill at defensive tactics earned Model the nickname of Hitler's \"\"Feuerwehrmann\"\" ('fireman'), due to his repeated successful rescue of the Third Reich from dire military situations as the war began to turn against Germany.</s><s>Assessment.</s><s>Assessment.:Relationship with Hitler. Before the war, Model had been content to leave politics to the politicians, preferring instead to concentrate on military affairs. Despite this,"
},
{
"title": "Walter Model",
"text": " he became one of the Wehrmacht's field marshals most closely identified with Hitler. Postwar opinions on him have varied. Some historians have called him \"blindly loyal\", a \"convinced Nazi\" or a \"zealous disciple\" of Hitler; others see in Model a coldly calculating opportunist who used the Führer to his advantage, whether or not he was committed to him or the ideals of Nazism; some regard him as \"apolitical to a fault\", loyal to Hitler but never sycophantic. The contradictions between his Lutheran upbringing and his later association with the Nazis have similarly been the subject of comment. As one of the few German generals of middle class upbringing, Model's background appealed to Hitler, who distrusted the old Prussian aristocratic order that still dominated the Wehrmacht's officer corps. His defensive tactics were a much better fit to Hitler's instincts never to give ground, than talk of \"elastic defense\"—even if Model stood fast out of sheer necessity, and not due to fanaticism. His stubbornness, energy and ruthlessness were more qualities that Hitler found admirable, and Model's blunt and direct manner of speaking also made an impression. In a much-noted incident, Model had"
},
{
"title": "Walter Model",
"text": " to deal with an attempt by Adolf Hitler to interfere with his arrangements. A telephone call from Army Group Center's chief of staff on 19 January 1942 informed him that Hitler, having become nervous about the direct Soviet threat against Vyazma, had decided that XLVII Panzer Corps, 2nd SS Division \"Das Reich\" and 5th Panzer Division were not to be employed in the imminent counterattack but reserved for other use in the rearguard. Immediately, Model drove back from Rzhev to Vyazma in a raging blizzard and boarded a plane for East Prussia. Bypassing the figure of field marshal Günther von Kluge, his immediate superior, he sought a personal confrontation with Hitler. At first he attempted to lay out his reasons in the best, dispassionate General Staff manner, only to find the Führer unmoved by logic. Suddenly, glaring at Hitler through his monocle, Model brusquely demanded to know: \"Mein Führer, who commands Ninth Army, you or I?\". Hitler, shocked at the defiance of his newest army commander, tried to find another solution favorable for both, but Model still was not satisfied. \"Good, Model\", the exasperated"
},
{
"title": "Walter Model",
"text": " Hitler finally responded. \"You do it as you please, but it will be your head at risk\". According to the Hitler's Table Talk recorded that night, the Führer commented: \"I distrust officers who have exaggeratedly theoretical minds. I'd like to know what becomes of their theories at the moment of action\". But when an officer \"is worthy of command\", he told \"Reichsführer-SS\" Heinrich Himmler, \"he must be given the prerogatives corresponding to his functions\". Shortly after Model's departure to Rzhev area, Hitler also stated that: \"Generals must be tough, pitiless men, as crabbed as mastiffs—gross-grained men, such as I have in the Party\". Importantly, however, Model never challenged Hitler on political issues: a point that has been identified as the secret to their successful relationship. Helped by his defensive successes, he thus gained Hitler's full trust and confidence; the Führer called him \"my best field marshal\" and (after Operation Bagration) \"the savior of the Eastern Front\". In turn, this granted Model a degree of flexibility available to no other German general. He frequently disputed, ignored or bypassed orders"
},
{
"title": "Walter Model",
"text": " that he felt unsupportable: at Rzhev and Oryol he had constructed defensive fortifications in defiance of a ban, and his use of Shield and Sword tactics while at Army Group North proved to be simply a cover for a staged withdrawal. His relationships with his superiors were marked by dissembling, where what he wrote in his reports could bear little resemblance to what was actually happening.</s><s>Assessment.:Model and Nazism. Many of Model's fellow officers considered him a Nazi. He frequently harangued his troops to have faith in the Führer and uphold the virtues of National Socialism. He accepted the offer of \"SS-Gruppenführer\" Hermann Fegelein to appoint a Waffen-SS officer as his adjutant at Army Group North in 1944, after the \"Heerespersonalamt\" had refused him an adjutant, and filled the \"Nationalsozialistischer Führungsoffizier\" post at Army Group B that had been vacant before his arrival. His habit of parroting the Führer's orders caused him to be viewed as a sycophant, even if he often undermined or ignored those orders in practice. Following"
},
{
"title": "Walter Model",
"text": " the 20 July Plot, Model was the first senior commander to reaffirm his loyalty to Hitler, yet he also refused to give up General Hans Speidel, his chief of staff at Army Group B who was implicated in the plot, to the Gestapo. Model was well aware of Speidel's political leanings, as were his predecessors at Army Group B, Erwin Rommel and Günther von Kluge. Like them, he shielded Speidel for as long as possible, while ignoring such treasonous talk as might take place. While on the Eastern Front, Model showed no objection to the treatment of civilians by the SS in the areas under his command and oversaw several anti-partisan operations, mostly while commanding the 9th Army. These operations, conducted by Wehrmacht troops as well as SS, were bloody, although not unusual by German Eastern Front standards. In conjunction with the ruthless scorched earth policies he followed during his retreats, they would lead to the Soviet Union declaring him a war criminal. Despite this, while commanding Army Group Centre, he refused to dispatch troops to put down the Warsaw uprising (a task that was carried out by the SS), viewing it as a rear-area matter. He stated that the revolt arose from the mistreatment of"
},
{
"title": "Walter Model",
"text": " the Polish population by the Nazis and the army should have nothing to do with it. On the other hand, he showed no hesitation in clearing the Warsaw suburbs of Praga and Saska Kępa, through which vital supply lines ran. Model's biographer, the military historian Steven Newton, argues that the best explanation for Model's behavior is that he was not necessarily a Nazi but an authoritarian militarist who saw in Hitler the strong leader that Germany needed. According to Newton, Model saw himself as the professional, apolitical soldier; he possessed a strong sense of German nationalism, with the accompanying tenets of racial prejudice against Slavs and Jews. This characterized many in the German officer corps, but in Model's case it was accompanied by a cynical willingness to placate the Nazi regime to expedite his own goals. The historian Gerhard Weinberg states that Model had benefited from the hastening of the evolution that occurred in the relationship of Hitler to the military following the defeat at Stalingrad. Hitler had always resented his dependence on a professional higher officer corps whom he hoped to replace at the earliest opportunity with men more ideologically attuned to National Socialism. After Stalingrad, Hitler relieved his generals with greater frequency, while pushing up into the higher ranks those \"whose dedication"
},
{
"title": "Walter Model",
"text": " to extreme National Social views made them more congenial to his way of thinking\". Weinberg includes Model, alongside Ferdinand Schörner and Heinz Guderian, in this group. The historian Ben H. Shepherd opines that Model was \"not the most fanatical Nazi\". The reasons Hitler favored him lay with Model's middle-class background and his ruthlessly utilitarian warfare style. Like Newton, Forczyk suspects that postwar testimonies of Model's negative aspects are exaggerated, considering that Model was not very charismatic (although he actually got along well with most of his staff) and already dead; many staff officers wanted to promote commanders who allowed them a more agreeable life-style, instead of dragging them through snow and mud like Model (in one case, when discussing Manstein's replacement by Model, Friedrich von Mellenthin made resentful remarks about Model's personality and abilities, although he had never served on Model's staff). According to Forczyk, Model only cared about politics if this would give him more troops.</s><s>Summary of career.</s><s>Summary of career.:Dates of rank. - \"Leutnant\" – 22 August 1910 - \"Oberleutnant\" – 25 February 1915 - \"Hauptmann\" – March 1918 - \""
},
{
"title": "Walter Model",
"text": "Major\" – 1929 - \"Oberstleutnant\" – 1932 - \"Oberst\" – 1 October 1934 - \"Generalmajor\" – 1 March 1938 - \"Generalleutnant\" – 1 April 1940 - \"General der Panzertruppe\" – 26 October 1941 - \"Generaloberst\" – 28 February 1942 - \"Generalfeldmarschall\" – 30 March 1944</s><s>Summary of career.:Service history. - 1909: Officer cadet training - 1910: 52nd Infantry Regiment \"von Alvensleben\" - 1917: Staff assignments - 1925: Commanding officer, 9th Company, 8th Infantry Regiment - 1928: Staff officer, 3rd Division, Berlin - 1930: Staff officer, Section 4 (Training), Truppenamt, Berlin - 1932: Chief of Staff, Reich Kuratorium for Youth Fitness - 1933: Battalion commander, 2nd Infantry Regiment - 1935: Head of Section 8, General Staff, Berlin - 1938: Chief of Staff, IV Corps - 1939: Chief of Staff, Sixteenth Army - 1940: Commander, 3rd Panzer Division - 1941: Commander, XLI Panzer Corps - 1942: Commander, Ninth Army - January–March 1944: Commander, Army Group North - March–June"
},
{
"title": "Walter Model",
"text": " 1944: Commander, Army Group North Ukraine - June–August 1944: Commander, Army Group Centre - August–September 1944: Commander-in-Chief, OB West - August 1944 – April 1945: Commander, Army Group B</s><s>Summary of career.:Awards and decorations. - Iron Cross of 1914 - 2nd Class: 20 September 1914 - 1st Class: 19 October 1915 - Military Merit Order, 4th class with Swords (Bavaria, 29 March 1915) - Knight's Cross of the Royal House Order of Hohenzollern with Swords (26 February 1917) - Military Merit Cross, 2nd class (Mecklenburg-Schwerin, 22 November 1917) - Military Merit Cross, 3rd class with War Decoration (Austria-Hungary, 22 November 1917) - Ottoman War Medal (Turkish: \"Harp Madalyası\"), better known as the \"Gallipoli Star\" or the \"Iron Crescent\" (22 November 1917) - Wound Badge (1918) in black (27 August 1918) - Spanish Cross (31 May 1939) - Clasp to the Iron Cross (1939) - 2nd Class: 22 September 1939 - 1st Class: 2 October 1939 - Panzer Badge in"
},
{
"title": "Walter Model",
"text": " Silver (29 August 1941) - Wound Badge (1939) in Gold (25 May 1942) - Eastern Front Medal (15 July 1942) - Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds - Knight's Cross on 9 July 1941 as \"Generalleutnant\" and commander of the 3. Panzer-Division - 74th Oak Leaves on 17 February 1942 as \"General der Panzertruppe\" and commanding general of the XXXXI. Panzerkorps - 28th Swords on 2 April 1943 as \"Generaloberst\" and commander-in-chief of 9. Armee - 17th Diamonds on 17 August 1944 as \"Generalfeldmarschall\" and commander-in-chief of Heeresgruppe Mitte</s><s>References.</s><s>References.:Bibliography. - {{cite book | last = Adair - - {{cite book | last = Clark - - {{cite book | last = D'Este - - {{cite book | last = Glantz - {{cite book | last1 = Glantz - {{cite book | last = Görlitz - {{cite book | last = Haupt - {{cite book |"
},
{
"title": "Walter Model",
"text": " last = Hitler - {{cite book | last = MacDonald - MacDonald, Charles B. \"The Last Offensive (Publication 7–9)\". Retrieved July 24, 2016. - {{cite book | last = Mitcham - {{cite book | last = Mitcham - {{cite book | last1 = Model - {{cite book | last = Newton - {{cite book | last = Newton - {{cite book | last = Niepold - {{cite book | last = Parker - {{cite book | last = Scherzer - {{cite book | last = Seaton - - {{cite book | last = Speidel - {{cite book | last = Stein - {{cite book | last = Stockert - {{cite book | last = Thomas - {{cite book | last = Toland - {{Cite book |last=Weinberg - {{cite book | last = Werth - {{cite book | last = Whiting - {{cite book | last = Zaloga - {{cite book | last1 = Zetterling - {{cite book | last = Ziemke - {{cite book | last = Zimmermann</s><s>Further reading. - {{"
},
{
"title": "Walter Model",
"text": "cite book | last = Hastings</s>"
}
] |
factscore
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{
"entity": "Walter Model",
"frequency": "freq",
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Question: Tell me a bio of Belisarius.
|
[
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": "<s>Belisarius Flavius Belisarius, better known simply as, Belisarius, (; ; – 565) was a military commander of the Byzantine Empire under the emperor Justinian I. He was instrumental in the reconquest of much of the Mediterranean territory belonging to the former Western Roman Empire, which had been lost less than a century prior. One of the defining features of Belisarius' career was his success despite varying levels of available resources. His name is frequently given as one of the so-called \"Last of the Romans\". He conquered the Vandal Kingdom of North Africa in the Vandalic War in nine months and conquered much of Italy during the Gothic War. He also defeated the Vandal armies in the battle of Ad Decimum and played an important role at Tricamarum, compelling the Vandal king, Gelimer, to surrender. During the Gothic War, despite being significantly outnumbered, he and his troops recaptured the city of Rome and then held out against great odds during the siege of Rome. He also won an important battle against the Persians at Dara but was defeated at Callinicum. He successfully repulsed a Hunnish incursion at Melantias. He was also known for military deception; he"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": " repulsed a Persian invasion by deceiving their commander and lifted the siege of Ariminum without a fight.</s><s>Early life and career. Belisarius was probably born in Germania, a fortified town of which some archaeological remains still exist, on the site of present-day Sapareva Banya in south-west Bulgaria, within the borders of Thrace and Paeonia, or in \"Germen\", a town in Thrace near Orestiada, in present-day Greece. Born into an Illyrian, Thracian, or Greek family, he became a Roman soldier as a young man, serving in the bodyguard of Emperor Justin I. After coming to the attention of Justin and Justinian as an innovative officer, he was given permission by the emperor to form a bodyguard regiment. It consisted of elite heavy cavalry that he later expanded into a personal household regiment, 7,000 strong. Belisarius' guards formed the nucleus of all the armies he would later command. Armed with lances, (possibly Hunnish style) composite bows, and spatha (long sword), they were fully armored to the standard of heavy cavalry of the day. A multi-purpose unit, the Bucellarii (\"bisc"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": "uit-eaters\") were capable of shooting at a distance with bows, like the Huns, or could act as heavy shock cavalry, charging an enemy with lance and sword. In essence, they combined the best and most dangerous aspects of both of Rome's greatest enemies, the Huns and the Goths.</s><s>Early life and career.:Iberian War. In his early career, Belisarius participated in multiple Byzantine defeats. In the first battle where he held an independent command (together with Sittas, most likely a dual command) he suffered a clear defeat, but he and Sittas were noted as successful raiders, plundering Persian territory, for example, during the first invasion of Persarmenia of the war, taking place shortly before. The next battle was fought at Tanurin (south of Nisbis), where Belisarius played a leading role again. He fled with his troops after his colleagues were lured into a trap. His army was then defeated at Mindouos, but he was promoted shortly afterward, meaning he was not likely held responsible for the defeat. At first, he was likely a junior partner to some higher placed commander like Sittas, while at Thanurin there was no overall commander."
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": " Mindouos was probably the first battle in which he led the army entirely on his own. Following Justin's death in 527, the new emperor, Justinian I, appointed Belisarius to command a Roman army in the east, despite earlier defeats. In June/July 530, during the Iberian War, he led the Romans to a stunning victory over the Sassanids in the Battle of Dara. This victory caused the Persian king Kavad I to open peace negotiations with the Byzantines. At the battle Belisarius had dug trenches in order to direct the more mobile Sassanian force to a location where he could attack them from the rear, this was adopted from the Sasanians at Tanurin two years earlier. On other fronts, the Byzantine forces were also winning. The Persians and their Arab allies, with a mobile force of 15,000 high-quality cavalries, invaded Byzantine lands again, now via Euphratensis, a route they had never taken before. Belisarius was taken by surprise and was unsure whether this was a feint or a real attack, so at first, he did not move. He called upon Roman-allied Arab tribes for help and received 5,000 troops. He forced the Pers"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": "ians to retreat with a successful strategic maneuver but he kept pursuing the fleeing Persians, reportedly because his soldiers threatened mutiny if no battle was fought. With 20,000 Byzantines and 5,000 Arabs he moved against the Persians, but he was defeated by Callinicum (modern Raqqa) despite heavy numerical superiority, as the opposing commander, Azarethes, was a tactician as good as himself. Belisarius fled the field probably long before the fighting was over. This setback cost Justinian a chance to sign an early peace treaty as the shah regained confidence in the war effort. While the war went on after Dara and Callinicum, the death of the Persian shah, Kavad I, soon led to a peace treaty. The new shah, Khosrow, saw Justinian was anxious to sign for peace and thought he could quickly reach a favorable peace, such as the so-called eternal peace which heavily favored the Persians. Belisarius was recalled to Constantinople and charged with incompetence and responsibility for the defeats at Thannuris and Callinicum, but after an investigation, he was cleared of the charges against him.</s><s>Early life and career.:Nika riots. In Constantinople, Justinian had been"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": " carrying out reforms of the empire. In this, he had been assisted by John the Cappadocian and Tribunianus, who were corrupt. The corruption of John and Tribunianus; the curbing of corruption of other influential figures; loss of influence and employment because of a decrease in funding for the civil service; Justinian's low birth; extremely high taxes; cruel methods of tax collection; the curbing of the power of the chariot racing factions; and the execution of rioters led to great anger among the population, culminating in the Nika riots of 532. The riots were led by the chariot racing factions—the blues and the greens. At the time the riots broke out, Belisarius was in Constantinople. Belisarius, Mundus—the \"magister militum per Illyricum\"—renowned as a great commander, and Narses, a eunuch and confidant of Justinian who would later also be known as a great commander, were called upon to suppress the revolt. At this point, much of the city had been burned by the rioters, but the blue faction began to calm down, and after Narses distributed gifts to them, many returned home while others began spreading moderate"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": " views among the other rebels. Belisarius tried to enter the hippodrome, where the rioters were gathered, through the emperor's box but was blocked by its guards. Belisarius was surprised and informed Justinian, who ordered him to enter from another direction. Entering the hippodrome, he wanted to arrest Hypatius, who was declared emperor by the rioters. Hypatius was defended by guards who Belisarius would first need to eliminate, but if he attacked, the rioters would be at his rear. Belisarius decided to deal with the rioters and, bypassing the door to Hypatius' location, charged into the crowd. Mundus, hearing the sound of battle, also charged while Narses blocked the other exits in order to trap the rioters. Thus the revolt ended in a massacre. At least 30,000 and up to 60,000 died, mostly unarmed civilians.</s><s>Vandal War.</s><s>Vandal War.:Prelude. In 533, Belisarius began a campaign against the Vandal Kingdom in North Africa. The Byzantines had political, religious, and strategic reasons for such a campaign. The Vandals, being Arians, persecuted Nicene Christians, refused"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": " to mint coins with depictions of the emperor on them, and had banished the Roman nobility, replacing them with a Germanic elite. The recent Byzantine emperors had spent much effort on reunifying pro-Chalcedonian and anti-Chalcedonian Christians and uniting the eastern and western parts of the church, so the prosecution of \"good\" Christians by Arian heretics was an especially big issue. The persecution had started after the popular and successful Vandal military leader Gelimer had overthrown his cousin, the king, Hilderic, a childhood friend of Justinian, in the year 530. In a recent war against the native Berbers, the Vandals had lost 5,000 men in two decisive defeats; only when Gelimer was appointed commander did the tide shift. As king, Gelimer acquired a reputation for greed and cruelty and became unpopular with the people and nobility. Two revolts broke out at nearly exactly the same time, probably orchestrated by Justinian. With a large number of Vandals killed by the Berbers, and the Ostrogoths still angry because of the actions of Hilderic, the Vandals were perceived to be weak. Using the fact that Gelimer had defied him, and the pleas of African Catholics as justification, Justin"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": "ian sent an invasion force.</s><s>Vandal War.:Belisarius appointed. There were multiple reasons to choose Belisarius to lead such an expedition. He had shown military competence at Dara, been cleared of incompetence in his other battles by an inquiry, and was a friend to the emperor and thus obviously loyal to him. As an inhabitant of Germana, which was in or near Illyricum and west-oriented, and a \"native\" speaker of Latin, he wasn't considered an untrustworthy Greek by the natives. Belisarius was reappointed Magister Militum per Orientem and given command of the expedition. This time Belisarius would be free from dual command for the duration of the war.</s><s>Vandal War.:Belisarius' army. The expedition consisted of 5,000 high quality Byzantine cavalry under multiple commanders, 10,000 infantry under overall command of John of Epidamnus, Belisarius' guard, mercenaries (including 400 Heruls led by Pharas, noted by Procopius for their excellence, and 600 Huns under multiple commanders) and finally a contingent of foederati of unknown size led by Dorotheus, Magister Militum per Armeniam, and Solomon, Bel"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": "isarius' \"domesticus\". As praetorian prefect, in charge of the logistics of the army, Belisarius got Archelaus, an extremely experienced officer, in order to lighten the burden of command. In total the force is estimated to have been around 17,000 strong, while 500 transport ships and 92 warships crewed by 30,000 sailors and 2,000 marines were also put under Belisarius' command. While it is the view of many that Belisarius set sail for North Africa with \"only\" 15,000 soldiers to conquer the region, his force included more troops and many sailors. It was a well balanced force with quite possibly a larger percentage of high-quality troops than the armies facing Persia. Gelimer probably had only 20,000 men at his disposal at this time and his force had no horse archers or units fit to fight them, and he had fewer and lower-quality officers.</s><s>Vandal War.:Voyage to Africa. In June 533, the army embarked from Constantinople. On the expedition alcohol was forbidden. When on the way two drunken Huns killed another soldier, Belisarius had them executed to reinforce discipline. Such a cruel measure might have undermined his authority and given him the"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": " reputation of a cruel leader, but he prevented negative repercussions with a speech. Belisarius had the staff-ships marked and lanterns put up so that they would always be visible. The use of signals kept the fleet organized and sailing close together, even at night, and was praised heavily by Procopius. By the time they arrived at Sicily, 500 men had died after eating improperly prepared bread. Belisarius quickly acquired fresh bread from the locals. He would make several extra stops during his journey to acquire extra bread during the voyage. In Methone he also organized his forces. Before the Byzantines could cross over to Gothic Sicily, where they were allowed to stop on their way to Africa by the pro-Byzantine, anti-Vandal queen Amalasuntha, they had to cross the Adriatic Sea. Despite acquiring fresh water, the weather caused the water supply to spoil before arrival, and only Belisarius and a select few others had access to unspoiled water. In Sicily Procopius was sent to acquire supplies from Syracuse and gather intelligence about the Vandals' recent activities. There he found out that the Vandals had taken no measures to defend against a Byzantine invasion, and in fact were unaware one was coming."
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": " Procopius also found out that most of the Vandal fleet was occupied around Sardinia. At this point Dorotheus died and Belisarius and his troops were demoralized, but when they heard Procopius' discovery they quickly left for Africa. In total, unfavorable winds had protracted their journey to 80 days. Despite the long duration, the journey went better than that of any other Roman invasion of Vandal Africa; all three others ended before reaching the coast. During and before the journey to Africa, Belisarius had no chance to personally train his units, which would make his campaign in Africa more difficult. This was in contrast to his campaign in the east; unit cohesion was especially lacking during this invasion. While the full conquest of Africa is often portrayed as the original objective of the campaign, it is unlikely this was actually the case. Belisarius had the full authority to act in any way he saw fit. Only when Belisarius was already in Sicily was the choice made to sail straight for the Vandal heartland. If the Vandal fleet had been ready, such an operation would have been unlikely to succeed. When information arrived in Constantinople it was already weeks, if not months, old, so it seems unlikely that Justinian in Constantinople would have"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": " made the decision on whether to move on the area at all. Only at Sicily would one be in any kind of position to decide on how to proceed. Since Justinian had been reluctant to launch a campaign in the first place and Hilderic was still alive at this point, conquest seems not to have been the absolute intention. On the other hand, Justinian had lost almost all of his prestige and much of his power through defeat by Persia, the Nika riots, the slow progress of the current legal reforms and the failure of his quest for reconciliation in the church. He would need some kind of victory to repair his prestige. Capturing the undefended region of Tripolitania, which lacked Vandal settlement almost entirely, was currently rebelling, and whose vulnerability could be detected from Constantinople, would be such a victory. As such, this seems likely to have been his minimal demand. If successful, the Byzantines could use this region as a springboard to conquer the entire country later on, giving an extra reason to make it the minimal demand of the campaign. As such, it is Belisarius' decision at Sicily that initiated Justinian's reconquest.</s><s>Vandal War.:Campaign. With Gelimer being four days inland and his troops scattered"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": ", Belisarius could have taken Carthage before the Vandals even knew he was coming and certainly before they were in a position to react. Archelaus argued in favor of this approach, pointing out that Carthage was the only place in the Vandal Kingdom which had a fortified harbor. Belisarius considered potentially being cornered in Carthage, with the Vandals holding a superior naval position, his forces vulnerable to attack when landing, and no information on the position of the Vandals to be too dangerous. There also was the risk of unfavorable winds which had led to disaster in 468; they might be trapped in an unfavorable situation before even reaching Carthage. Instead the Byzantines landed at Caput Vada, away from Carthage. Belisarius ordered fortification to be constructed, guards to be posted and a screen of lightships to be deployed to defend the army and fleet, so that this invasion would not be a repeat of the Battle of Cape Bon where the Byzantines were defeated by fire ships. During the construction of the base, a spring was found, which Procopius called a good omen from God. When he heard of the Byzantine landing, Gelimer rapidly moved to consolidate his position. He had Hilderic and other captives"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": " executed, ordered his treasury to be put on a ship ready for evacuation to Visigothic Iberia if necessary, and began gathering his troops. He had already made a plan to ambush and encircle the Byzantines at Ad Decimum. Gelimer had instantly recognized that the Byzantines would move to Carthage via the coastal road, but still sent garrisons to guard other roads. At the same time that Gelimer was preparing his ambush, Belisarius was gathering information on the local inhabitants and preparing to move to Carthage via the coastal road, as Gelimer expected. During the first night on African soil, some Byzantine soldiers had picked some fruit without asking the locals for permission, and Belisarius had them put to death. Only after he had already ordered the soldiers to be executed did Belisarius gather his men and tell them how to behave. He warned his men that if they didn't have the support from the locals, the expedition would end in defeat. Next, he sent a unit of his personal guards under Boriades to the town of Syllectus (Salakta) to test the willingness of the locals to join his side. Boriades was denied entry to the town, but after three days eventually gained"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": " entry by joining a group of wagons entering the town. When the locals found out the Byzantines were in the town, they submitted without a fight. The Byzantines also captured a Vandal messenger who Belisarius decided to release. The messenger was paid to spread the message that Justinian was only waging war on the man who had imprisoned their rightful king, and not against the Vandal people. The messenger was too afraid of the possible repercussions to tell it to anyone but close friends. Even though this early attempt failed, Belisarius made it well known throughout the campaign that he was only there to restore the rightful king. When Belisarius advanced again, he positioned his troops in such a way that he and his guards could rapidly reinforce any position that could be attacked, especially the flank, as the last known Vandal position was to the south and the army moved north. He also sent 300 guards ahead to scout while the 600 Huns guarded his left flank, and the fleet his right flank. When the army arrived in Syllectus, their civilized behavior caused the city to give their full support to the Byzantines. This positive reputation of the Byzantine army began immediately spreading, causing much of the population to support the Byzantines. Marching"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": " at the speed of around to a day, the Byzantines advanced on Carthage, their speed dictated by the need to build a fortified camp every day. When Belisarius was away from Carthage, he knew the Vandals would be near at this point and that they would act before he could reach Carthage, but he was not aware of the location and wanted to gather information of his situation first. Part of the rearguard encountered a Vandal force sent ahead by Gelimer, which gave Belisarius the knowledge that at least some Vandal troops were behind his own force. His journey now became increasingly dangerous as the fleet had to sail around Cape Bon and the road curved inland so it became impossible to rapidly evacuate, which he could have done at any time he wanted until this point. Belisarius ordered Archelaus and the naval commander Calonymus remain at a distance of at least from Carthage. He advanced on land with about 18,000 men himself. Soon he would encounter Gelimer at Ad Decimum.</s><s>Vandal War.:Battle of Ad Decimum. The Byzantines were located in between the Vandal forces in the north and the south. Gelimer needed a victory at Ad Decimum to unite his forces"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": ". Numbering about 10,000–12,000, the Vandals were outnumbered. The valley in which the ambush was to take place was narrow, and as two of the three roads to Carthage became one in the valley, it seemed like a great spot for an ambush to Gelimer. Ammatus, with 6,000–7,000 men, was ordered to block the northern exit and attack the Byzantines head-on, then drive them further back into the valley and cause disorder. Meanwhile, 5,000–6,000 Vandals under Gelimer were already advancing towards Belisarius from the south as the earlier clash showed; these would be in the near vicinity when Belisarius entered the valley and would attack them from behind, after all the Byzantines had moved into the valley. Brogna states that this plan was doomed to fail, as coordination over dozens of miles was needed, however, Hughes disagrees and calls the plan \"elegant and simple\", but does state that the plan relied too much on hard to pull off timing and synchronization. The battle consisted of four separate stages. Four miles (6.5 km) from Ad Decimum, Belisarius found an ideal spot to camp. Leaving the infantry behind"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": " to build a camp, he rode out with his cavalry to meet the Vandals who he suspected were nearby. This way he left his infantry, baggage, and wife in a secure position. Unlike the large infantry force, he would easily be able to control this small force of cavalry, which was the main strength of the Byzantine army. When Belisarius arrived at the battlefield, the first three stages of the battle had already taken place. The Byzantines sent ahead to scout and the Huns guarding the flank had routed the numerically superior forces opposing them. Before Belisarius arrived at the field of battle, he encountered some units routed by Gelimer's army, who informed him of the situation in the third stage, when Gelimer himself arrived. As Belisarius arrived, Gelimer saw his brother Ammatus killed in combat. Mourning, he remained idle and allowed Belisarius to attack his force while it was in a disorganized state in the fourth and last stage of the battle.</s><s>Vandal War.:Carthage and Tricamarum. After this victory, Belisarius marched on Carthage. He arrived at nightfall. He then camped outside the city as he was afraid of a Vandal ambush in its streets and"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": " of his troops sacking the city under the cover of darkness. When Calonymus heard of the victory, he used part of his fleet to rob a number of merchants. Belisarius ordered him to give everything back, even though Calonymus secretly managed to keep it. The Vandals hiding in Carthage and the surrounding area were gathered in Carthage by Belisarius, who guaranteed their safety. When Tzazo, the Vandal commander fighting the rebellion on Sardinia, sent a message of his victory to Carthage, the messenger was captured, providing Belisarius with intelligence on the strategic situation. Belisarius also had Carthage's wall repaired. The news of the capture of Carthage had reached Iberia by then, and its king refused to make an alliance with the envoy Gelimer had sent earlier. Due to Belisarius' benevolence, many cities of Africa changed sides, so it became impossible for Gelimer to fight a protracted campaign. Before making his next move, Gelimer had received reinforcements under Tzazo and tried to convince some of Belisarius' forces to desert. Belisarius prevented their desertion, but for example, the Huns would not take part in the battle until after the winner had been practically"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": " decided. When a Carthaginian civilian was caught working for the Vandals, Belisarius had him publicly executed. Later a second battle was fought at Tricamarum. In this battle, Belisarius played only an advisory role to John the Armenian as he arrived at the battlefield later on. After winning that battle, Belisarius sent John the Armenian to chase Gelimer. John was killed by accident and Gelimer managed to escape to Medeus, a town on Mount Papua (probably part of Mount Aurasius) The 400 Heruls under Pharis were to besiege it. Gelimer's treasure failed to depart and was captured and the king of the Visigoths, Theudis, refused an alliance with Gelimer. After a failed assault in which Pharis lost 110 men, Gelimer surrendered. Meanwhile, Belisarius himself had been reorganizing the captured territory and had sent Cyril on a mission to capture Sardinia which would capture that island, and later also Corsica. The effort to locate and gather Vandal soldiers was still going on; in this way, the class on which the entire Vandal military and political systems were based could be wholly deported to the east and Vandal power forever broken. Jealous subordinates now contacted Justinian"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": " and claimed Belisarius wanted to rebel. Belisarius was presented with a choice by Justinian: he could either continue governing the new territory as its official governor or return to Constantinople and get a triumph. If he wanted to rebel he was sure to choose the governorship, but instead he chose the triumph, convincing Justinian of his loyalty once again. The entire war was over before the end of 534. While east, Belisarius was not only awarded a triumph but also made consul.</s><s>Vandal War.:Mutiny. Sometime after Belisarius left, a mutiny broke out in Africa. Soldiers angry about religious persecution by the Byzantines, and the inability of the empire to pay them, rose up en masse and nearly broke Byzantine rule in the area. Belisarius would return for a short while, just before the Gothic War, to help fight the revolt. When the rebels heard of his arrival, they lifted the siege of Carthage, which at the beginning of the siege had numbered 9,000 plus many slaves. Belisarius attacked them with just 2,000 troops, winning a victory in the Battle of the River Bagradas. During the battle, Stotzas, the rebel leader, tried to move"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": " his army into a new position in front of the Byzantine force. When the units moved, Belisarius took advantage of their temporary disarray and launched a successful attack against them, which caused the entire rebel army to panic and flee. The rebels' power was broken and Belisarius left for Italy.</s><s>Gothic War. In 535, Justinian commissioned Belisarius to attack the Ostrogothic Kingdom in Italy. The Ostrogothic king Theodahad had gained the throne by marriage. Power had been held, however, by the pro-Byzantine queen Amalasuintha, until Theodahad had her imprisoned and then killed. Seeing internal division similar to that in Africa, Justinian expected the Goths to be weak. Belisarius assembled 4,000 troops, which included regular troops and possibly foederati, 3,000 Isaurians, 300 Berbers and 200 Huns. In total, including his personal guards, his force numbered roughly 8,000. Belisarius landed in Sicily and took the island in order to use it as a base against Italy, while Mundus recovered Dalmatia. Justinian wanted to pressure Theodahad into relinquishing his throne and to then annex his"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": " kingdom through diplomacy and limited military action. This worked at first, but the army in the Balkans retreated. and the war continued. Belisarius pushed on in Sicily. The only Ostrogothic resistance came at Panormus, which fell after a quick siege. Here Belisarius used archer fire from the top of the masts of his ships to subdue the garrison. He made a triumphal entry to Syracuse on 31 December 535. The preparations for the invasion of the Italian mainland were interrupted in Easter 536 when Belisarius sailed to Africa to counter an uprising of the local army (as described above). His reputation made the rebels abandon the siege of Carthage, and Belisarius pursued and defeated them at Membresa. Afterwards he returned to Sicily and then crossed into mainland Italy, where he captured Naples in November and Rome in December 536. Before reaching Naples, he had met no resistance as the troops in southern Italy were disgusted by Theodahad and switched sides. At Naples a strong Gothic garrison resisted the Byzantines using its strong fortifications. Belisarius could not operate safely at Rome with such a strong garrison in his rear. He could neither storm the strong fortifications nor conduct a lengthy siege which could be interrupted by"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": " Gothic reinforcements, while bribery and negotiation attempts also failed. He couldn't use his fleet either as there was artillery on the wall. Then Belisarius cut the aqueduct, but the city had enough wells, so he resorted to making many costly, failed assaults. After their failure, Belisarius planned on abandoning the siege and marching on Rome. By chance, however, an entrance to the city via an aqueduct was found and a small Byzantine force entered the city. When this force had entered the city, Belisarius launched an all-out assault so the Goths couldn't concentrate against the intruders. Despite having taken the city by force, he showed leniency to the city and garrison, so as to entice as many other Goths to join his side or surrender later on; this way he would avoid costly action as much as possible and preserve his small force. The failure to reinforce the city caused Theodahad to be deposed. While the new Gothic king, Vitiges, had sent a garrison to Rome, the city was left undefended as the troops fled after noticing the pro-Byzantine attitude of the population. Much of Tuscany submitted willingly to Belisarius' troops at this point. Belis"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": "arius garrisoned towns on the supply lines from the Gothic heartland in the north to Rome, forcing Vitiges to besiege these towns before he could march on Rome.</s><s>Gothic War.:Siege of Rome. From March 537 to March 538 Belisarius successfully defended Rome against the much larger army of Vitiges. He inflicted heavy casualties by launching many successful sorties. While the range of the horse archers Belisarius used has often been credited with the success of these raids in the terrain around Rome, this wouldn't make sense. Instead, it was the Gothic unpreparedness and the command expertise of Byzantine officers which made sure the Goths were unable to respond. When Vitiges tried to post units to prevent these raids, Belisarius sent out bigger units that encircled them; the Gothic officers proved unable to counter this. Eighteen days into the siege, the Goths launched an all-out assault, and Belisarius ordered a number of archers to shoot at the oxen pulling the siege equipment. As a result, the assault failed with heavy casualties. When the Goths retreated from a certain section of the wall, Belisarius launched an attack on their rear, inflicting extra casualties. However, when"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": " he tried to end the siege by sallying out with a large force, Vitiges used his numbers to absorb the attack and then to counter-attack, winning the battle. Regardless, Vitiges was losing the siege, so he decided to make one last attempt on the wall which ran along the Tiber, where the wall was much less formidable. He bribed men to give the guards drugged wine, but the plot was revealed and Belisarius had a traitor tortured and mutilated as a punishment. An armistice had been signed shortly before, but with both the Goths and the Byzantines openly breaking it, the war continued. By then Byzantine forces had captured Ariminum (Rimini) and approached Ravenna, so Vitiges was forced to retreat. The siege had lasted from March 537 to March 538. Belisarius sent 1,000 men to support the population of Mediolanum (Milan) against the Goths. These forces captured much of Liguria, garrisoning the major towns in the region. Belisarius captured Urbinum (Urbino) in December 538, when the Gothic garrison ran out of water after a three-day siege.</s><s>Goth"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": "ic War.:Deposition of Pope Silverius. During the siege of Rome, an incident occurred for which the general would be long condemned: Belisarius, a Byzantine Rite Christian, was commanded by the monophysite Christian Empress Theodora to depose the reigning Pope, who had been installed by the Goths. This Pope was the former subdeacon Silverius, the son of Pope Hormisdas. Belisarius was to replace him with the Deacon Vigilius, Apocrisarius of Pope John II in Constantinople. Vigilius had in fact been chosen in 531 by Pope Boniface II to be his successor, but this choice was strongly criticised by the Roman clergy and Boniface eventually reversed his decision. In 537, at the height of the siege, Silverius was accused of conspiring with the Gothic king and several Roman senators to secretly open the gates of the city. Belisarius had him stripped of his vestments and exiled to Patara in Lycia in Asia Minor. Following the advocacy of his innocence by the bishop of Patara, he was ordered to return to Italy at the command of the Emperor Justinian, and if cleared by investigation, reinstated. However, Vigilius had already been"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": " installed in his place. Silverius was intercepted before he could reach Rome and exiled once more, this time on the island of Palmarola (Ponza), where by one account he is said to have starved to death, while others say he left for Constantinople. However that may be, he remains the patron saint of Ponza today. Belisarius, for his part, built a small oratory on the site of the present church of Santa Maria in Trivio in Rome as a sign of his repentance. He also built two hospices for pilgrims and a monastery, which have since disappeared.</s><s>Gothic War.:Belisarius and Narses. Belisarius ordered the cavalry garrison of Ariminum to be replaced by infantry. In this way the cavalry could join with other cavalry forces and use their mobility outside of the city, while the infantry under some obscure commander guarding the city would draw less attention to the city than a strong cavalry force under John. Vitiges sent a large army to retake Mediolanum while he moved to besiege Ariminum himself. Vitiges tried to hinder the Byzantine movement by garrisoning an important tunnel on the road to Ancona. This garrison was defeated, while Vitig"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": "es had to maneuver himself around a number of Byzantine garrisons to avoid losing time in fighting useless engagements. Ultimately, the Byzantines were successful in reinforcing Ariminum, however, John refused to leave the city. John managed to prevent the siege tower used by the Goths from reaching the walls which caused Vitiges to withdraw. John wanted to prevent this withdrawal and sallied out but was, like Belisarius at Rome, defeated, which caused Vitiges to keep besieging the now weakened garrison. Needing fewer men, as no assault was to be made, Vitiges sent troops against Ancona and reinforced Auximus. Belisarius could either take Auximus and move on Ariminum with a secure rear, or bypass Auximus to save time. If it took too long to get there, Ariminum might fall. The Byzantines were divided into two groups; one led by Narses wanted to move on Ariminum immediately, while the other wanted to first take Auximus. A message from John eventually convinced Belisarius to move to Ariminum. During this operation Belisarius would station a part of his forces near Auximus to secure his rear. The arrival of a"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": " Byzantine relief force under Belisarius and Narses compelled the Ostrogoths to give up the siege and retreat to their capital of Ravenna. The force had been too small to actually challenge the Goths, but through deception, Belisarius had managed to convince the Goths otherwise. Belisarius had approached from multiple sides including over the sea, which convinced the Goths they faced a huge force. The troops were also ordered by Belisarius to light more campfires than necessary to strengthen the deception. John made it a point to thank Narses for his rescue instead of Belisarius or Ildiger, the first officer to reach the city. This might have been to insult Belisarius or to avoid being indebted according to the Roman patronage tradition of which some remnants were probably still part of Byzantine culture. John (and Narses) might not have been convinced of Belisarius' competence, as the Vandals and Goths were by then perceived as weak, while he had been relatively unsuccessful against the Persians. Narses' supporters tried to turn Narses against Belisarius, claiming that a close confidant of the emperor should not take orders from a \"mere general\". Belisarius, in turn, warned Nars"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": "es that his followers were underestimating the Goths. He pointed out that their current position was surrounded by Gothic garrisons, and proposed to relieve Mediolanum and besiege Auximus simultaneously. Narses accepted the plan, with the provision that he and his troops would move into the region of Aemilia. This would pin down the Goths at Ravenna, and as such put Belisarius' forces in a secure position, as well as preventing the Goths from reclaiming Aemilia. Narses claimed that if this wasn't done, the rear of the troops besieging Auximus would be open to attack. Belisarius ultimately decided against this, as he was afraid this would spread his troops too thin. He showed a letter from Justinian that said that he had absolute authority in Italy to act \"in the best interests of the state\" to force Narses into accepting the decision. Narses replied that Belisarius wasn't acting in the best interests of the state. From the later part of the siege of Rome onwards, reinforcements had arrived in Italy; during the siege of Ariminum, another 5,000 reinforcements landed in Italy, close to the siege where they were needed, clearly by design. The"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": " last group of reinforcements was 7,000 strong and led by Narses. After these arrived, the Byzantines had around 20,000 troops in Italy in total. John claimed that about half of the troops were loyal to Narses instead of Belisarius. Belisarius gave up his original plan and instead of sending forces to besiege Urviventus (Orvieto) and himself besieging Urbinus. Narses refused to share a camp with Belisarius and he and John claimed the city could not be taken by force and abandoned the siege. As Belisarius sent the assault forwards, the garrison surrendered, as the well in the city stopped working. Narses reacted by sending John to take Caesena. While that attack failed miserably, John quickly moved to surprise the garrison at Forocornelius (Imola), and so secured Aemilia for the Byzantines. Shortly after Belisarius' arrival, the Urviventus garrison ran out of supplies and surrendered. In late December, shortly after the siege of Urbanus and Urviventus, Belisarius sent troops to reinforce Mediolanum. Unsure of the Gothic numbers, they requested aid from John and other"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": " troops under Narses. John and the other commanders refused to follow Belisarius' order to assist, stating that Narses was their commander. Narses repeated the order but John fell ill and they paused for him to recover. Meanwhile, the revolt at Mediolanum was bloodily suppressed by the Goths. The desperate garrison had been promised safety in return for abandoning the city, which they subsequently did. As the population had revolted, they were considered traitors and many were slaughtered. Subsequently, the other cities in Liguria surrendered to avoid the same fate. Narses was subsequently recalled.</s><s>Gothic War.:Finishing the conquest. In 539, Belisarius set up siege forces around Auximum and sent troops to Faesulae, starving both cities to submission by late 539. He led the siege of Auximum himself; knowing he couldn't storm the city, he tried to cut the water supply but this failed. When the captured leaders from the Faesulae garrison were paraded in front of the city, its garrison too surrendered. If he moved on Ravenna his rear would now be secure. Vitiges hadn't been able to reinforce these places, as there was a food shortage"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": " throughout Italy and he couldn't gather enough supplies for the march. Belisarius stationed his army around the Ostrogothic capital of Ravenna in late 539. The grain shipment to the city hadn't been able to proceed to the city, so when the Byzantines advanced on Ravenna, the grain was captured. Ravenna was cut off from help on its seaward side by the Byzantine navy patrolling the Adriatic Sea. When Belisarius besieged Ravenna, the Gothic nobles, including Vitiges, had offered the throne of the \"western empire\" to him. Belisarius feigned acceptance and entered Ravenna via its sole point of entry, a causeway through the marshes, accompanied by a \"comitatus\" of \"bucellarii\", his personal household regiment (guards). He also prepared a grain shipment to enter the city when it surrendered. Soon afterward, he proclaimed the capture of Ravenna in the name of the Emperor Justinian. The Goths' offer raised suspicions in Justinian's mind and Belisarius was recalled. He returned home with the Gothic treasure, king and warriors.</s><s>Later campaigns.</s><s>Later campaigns.:Against Persia. For his next assignment, Belisarius went to the east to"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": " fight the Persians. Unlike during the Gothic and Vandalic wars, he wasn't accompanied by his wife. The Byzantines expected that Khosrow, like in the previous year, would move through Mesopotamia, but instead, Khosrow attacked Lazica, where the population was treated poorly by the Byzantines. The Lazicans had invited Khosrow, who concealed his movement by claiming he was going to fight the Huns in the north while instead, the Huns assisted Khosrow. When Belisarius arrived in the east he sent spies to gather information. He was told that the Persians were moving north to fight the Huns. Meanwhile, Belisarius had trained and organized his troops who had been terrified of the Persians before his arrival. He decided he could attack Persia in relative safety. Some of Belisarius' officers protested, as staging an offensive would leave the Lakhmids free to raid the eastern provinces. Belisarius pointed out that the Lakhmids would be filling the next months with religious celebrations and that he would be back within two months. With the same reasoning he used in Italy for the siege of Auximus and other sieges and the marching column in Africa, he determined that N"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": "isibis had to be taken first to secure his rear if he moved further into Persia. Meanwhile, the war was going poorly for the Byzantines to the north, Lazica was taken and a significant Byzantine garrison changed sides, possibly not having been paid for years. When Belisarius approached Nisibis he ordered a camp to be set up at a significant distance from the city. His officers protested at this, but he explained to them that this was so that if the Persians sallied out and were defeated, the Byzantines would have more time to inflict casualties during the retreat. At the battle of Rome, during the siege of Rome, Belisarius had been defeated, but much of his army was able to retreat the short distance back to the city, something which he did not want to occur when the roles were reversed. Some of his officers disagreed so vehemently that they left the main force and camped close to the city. Belisarius warned them that the Persians would attack just before the first Byzantine meal, but the officers still sent their men to get food at this time and as a result, were caught in disorder by an attack. Belisarius observed what was going on and was already marching to their aid before messengers"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": " requesting aid even arrived. He turned the tide and won the battle. Having defeated the garrison but still being not being in a strong enough position to storm the fortifications, he moved past the city. He didn't fear being attacked from the rear by the garrison anymore, mostly because their confidence was broken. While he besieged Sisauranon, he sent troops to raid the rich lands beyond the Tigris. While Belisarius' assaults on the city were repulsed by its 800-strong garrison and suffered heavy losses, the city ran out of supplies and the garrison changed sides. At this point, the troops raiding Persia returned home without informing Belisarius. At this point, up to a third of Belisarius' forces had caught a fever, and the Lakhmids were about to take up arms again. As he did with other major decisions, Belisarius asked his officers' opinions; they concluded they should retreat. Procopius heavily criticized this, claiming that Belisarius could have marched on and taken Ctesiphon. He disregarded the fact that no information on Persian dispositions was available and Belisarius hadn't been able to take Sisauranon by force, making it unlikely he could have stormed Ctesiphon."
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": " In the campaign of 542, Belisarius got the Persians to call off their invasion using trickery. Khosrow had wanted to raid Byzantine territory again but Belisarius moved to the area. When Khosrow sent an ambassador, Belisarius took 6,000 of his best men with him for a meeting. Taking only hunting equipment with them, it seemed like it was a hunting party from a larger equally high-quality force. Fooled by the deception, the Persians, knowing that if they were defeated they would be trapped in Byzantine territory, retreated. Belisarius also sent 1,000 cavalry into the Persian retreat route; if an engagement was fought this might have pointed out Byzantine weakness. During the retreat, Belisarius constantly kept the pressure on, preventing Khosrow from raiding. In return for the Persian withdrawal from imperial lands, the Byzantines sent ambassadors, as the Persian ambassador had requested from Belisarius at their meeting. The meeting had been just a ruse to spy on the Byzantine troops, and as such, when Belisarius took the pressure off, Khosrow attacked some Byzantine towns. Sacking Callinicum, Khosrow could claim success. Some claimed that by not harassing Khosrow, Bel"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": "isarius had made a serious error, but this view was not brought up in court. Despite Callinicum, Belisarius was acclaimed throughout the East for his success in repelling the Persians. Crucial to the success of Belisarius' deception had been Khosrow's fear of catching the plague if he remained in Byzantine territory for too long, which made maintaining a tactical position in Byzantine territory highly dangerous. By showing his best troops in the open, Belisarius made clear that his army was not weakened by the plague and seemingly not afraid to catch it.</s><s>Later campaigns.:Return to Italy. While Belisarius was in the east, the situation in Italy had vastly deteriorated. The governor sent to the area, a man named Alexander, was corrupt. He trimmed the edges of coins and kept the trimmings of precious metal to increase his own wealth. He charged many soldiers with corruption and demanded they pay fines, and he decreased military spending and demanded that tax withheld from the Goths would be instead paid to the Byzantines. As a result, many Byzantine soldiers defected or mutinied. The command of the troops in Italy was divided by Justinian to prevent any commander from becoming too powerful. Most of the time these commanders refused"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": " to work together as Justinian's plague made it dangerous to leave the base. Meanwhile, the Goths under the brilliant and energetic leadership of Ildibad and Totila went on the offensive and recaptured all of northern Italy and parts of the south. Apparently Totila considered the opportunity to win an easy victory greater than the risk of losing his force due to plague. As a result, they won many engagements against the uncoordinated Byzantines including the Battle of Treviso, the siege of Verona, the Battle of Faventia, the Battle of Mucellium and the siege of Naples. But by now they weren't powerful enough to capture Rome. In 544, Belisarius was reappointed to hold command in Italy. Before going to Italy, Belisarius had to recruit troops. When he finished his force numbered roughly 4,000 men. Justinian wasn't able to allocate significant resources, as most troops were still needed in the east and the plague had devastated the empire. During the upcoming campaign, Totila mostly wanted to avoid sieges. The Byzantines had proven themselves adept at sieges, but he had proven multiple times he could defeat them in open battle. Therefore, he razed the walls of towns he"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": " took; he wanted neither to be besieged there nor to have to besiege them later. Belisarius, on the other hand, wanted to avoid battle; he had entirely avoided battle after the battle of Rome. With forces as small as his, he wanted to avoid losing too many men and instead avoid the Goths from making progress through other means. In Italy, many soldiers were mutinous or changed sides, which Belisarius hoped would stop when he was reappointed; it didn't. The Byzantine garrison at Dryus were running out of supplies and made plans to surrender, but when Belisarius arrived, he quickly arranged for supplies to be sent by ship. The Goths failed to notice the ships until it was too late and abandoned the siege. Now Belisarius himself sailed to Italy, landing at Pola. Totila quickly heard of this and sent spies pretending to be Byzantine messengers. Belisarius fell for the ruse, so Totila immediately knew the state of his army; he wouldn't be deceived like Khosrow. Belisarius himself didn't remain idle and went to Ravenna to recruit extra troops. While people respected Belisarius, they were smart enough to notice that a fair deal made with Belisarius would be ruined"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": " by his often corrupt and incompetent successors. As a result, not a single man enlisted. This also meant that Belisarius' normal strategy of winning over the people through benevolence wouldn't work. Not wanting to remain idle, Belisarius sent troops into Aemilia. This was successful until the Illyrian troops went home to deal with a Hunnish incursion. The remaining Byzantines successfully ambushed a significant Gothic force, and the incursion ended in a victory. Next, Belisarius sent some men to assist the besieged Auximus, they succeeded but they were defeated while moving back. Still wanting to retain some initiative, Belisarius sent men to rebuild some nearby forts. Belisarius undertook no other operations, so despite winter arriving, Totila started the sieges of some towns, secure from the Byzantine threat. When requesting reinforcement, Belisarius asked for barbarian horse archers, as he knew the Goths were unable to counter these. Justinian was fighting wars on many fronts and the plague was devastating Constantinople for a second time; he was thus unable to provide even the equipment and money needed to re-equip and pay the forces already in Italy. Totila was enjoying great success in his recent sie"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": "ges. Herodian, commander of a garrison, surrendered very quickly to the Goths, having seen the unfavorable treatment Justinian had given Belisarius after his recent Persian campaign. By now the Goths had acquired enough strength to move on Rome. Like Herodian, the commander of the Roman garrison, Bessas, was afraid of poor treatment or even being prosecuted after the siege was lifted. As a result, he remained idle when Belisarius ordered him to assist in the relief of the city. When Belisarius attempted to assist the city with supplies, he came up against a blockade on the Tiber. He overcame this using a siege tower with a boat on top. The boat was filled with burnable materials, so when it was thrown into one of the Gothic towers in the middle of the blockade, the entire garrison died either on impact or because of the fire. Belisarius had left a force under Isaac the Armenian to guard Portus with orders not to leave the city under any circumstances. Now Belisarius heard he had been captured and rushed back to Portus. Isaac had left the city and was captured outside its walls, and the city was safe. With surprise lost, no assistance from Bessas or John, who was blocked off in"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": " Calabria, and with little resources, Belisarius wasn't able to prevent Totila from eventually capturing the city. However, it is worth noting a letter that Belisarius wrote to Totila, according to Procopius, reportedly prevented Totila from destroying Rome:While the creation of beauty in a city which has not been beautiful before could only proceed from men of wisdom who understand the meaning of civilization, the destruction of beauty which already exists would be naturally expected only of men who lack understanding, and who are not ashamed to leave to posterity this token of their character. Now among all the cities under the sun, Rome is agreed to be the greatest and the most noteworthy. For it has not been created by the ability of one man, nor has it attained such greatness and beauty by a power of short duration, but a multitude of monarchs, many companies of the best men, a great lapse of time, and an extraordinary abundance of wealth have availed to bring together in that city all other things that are in the whole world, and skilled workers besides. Thus, little by little, have they built the city, such as you behold it, thereby leaving to future generations memorials of the ability of them all, so that insult to these monuments would"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": " properly be considered a great crime against the men of all time; for by such action, the men of former generations are robbed of the memorials of their ability, and future generations of the sight of their works. Such then, is the facts of the case, be well assured of this, that one of two things must necessarily take place: either you will be defeated by the emperor in this struggle, or, should it so fall out, you will triumph over him. Now, in the first place, supposing you are victorious, if you should dismantle Rome, you would not have destroyed the possession of some other man, but your own city, excellent Sir, and, on the other hand, if you preserve it, you will naturally enrich yourself by a possession the fairest of all; but if in the second place, it should perchance fall to your lotto experience the worse fortune, in saving Rome you would be assured of abundant gratitude on the part of the victor, but by destroying the city you will make it certain that no plea for mercy will any longer be left to you, and in addition to this you will have reaped no benefit from the deed. Furthermore, a reputation that corresponds with your conduct will be your portion among all men, and"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": " it stands to wait for you according to you decide either way. For the quality of the acts of rulers determines, of necessity, the quality of the repute which they win from their acts.Meanwhile, Totila had also been very successful in his other efforts. Famine had spread throughout much of Italy and as he did not have to fear Belisarius sending aid to besieged towns, he could take full advantage. Belisarius had spent the winter in Epidamnus and when he sailed back (before attempting to relieve Rome) to Italy, he did so with reinforcements from Justinian. He split his force in two, one part successfully campaigning in Calabria under John nephew of Vitalianus, the other part, under Belisarius' command, tried to lift the siege of Rome but failed. A force sent by Totila prevented John from leaving Calabria. After capturing Rome, Totila sought peace, sending a message to Justinian. He received the reply that Belisarius was in charge of Italy. Belisarius decided to march on Rome himself after Totila left the area. On the way, however, he marched into an ambush. Despite successfully ambushing Belisarius, the fighting eventually turned in favor of the Byzantines."
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": " Belisarius retreated, as it was obvious he wouldn't be able to surprise the city, but later marched on Rome again and took it. Totila marched on the city again but quickly abandoned the siege. Rome remained in Byzantine hands until after Belisarius left. Following this disappointing campaign, mitigated by Belisarius' success in preventing the total destruction of Rome, in 548–49, Justinian relieved him. In 551, after economic recovery (from the effects of the plague) the eunuch Narses led a large army to bring the campaign to a successful conclusion; Belisarius retired from military affairs. At the Second Ecumenical Council of Constantinople (553), Belisarius was one of the Emperor's envoys to Pope Vigilius in their controversy over The Three Chapters. The Patriarch Eutychius, who presided over this council in place of Pope Vigilius, was the son of one of Belisarius' generals.</s><s>Later campaigns.:Last battle. The retirement of Belisarius came to an end in 559, when an army of Kutrigur Bulgars under Khan Zabergan crossed the Danube River to invade Roman territory and approached Constantinople. Zabergan wanted to cross into Asia"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": " Minor as it was richer than the often ravaged Balkans. Justinian recalled Belisarius to command the Byzantine army. Belisarius got only 300 heavily armed veterans from the Italian campaign and a host of civilians, including or entirely consisting of 1,000 conscripted refugees fleeing from the Huns, to stop the 7,000 Huns. These were probably retired soldiers living in the region. Belisarius camped close to the Huns and had the civilians dig a trench for protection, and lit many torches to exaggerate their numbers. Determining the path the Hunnish advance would take, he stationed 100 veterans on each side and another 100 to block their advance. In the narrow defile the Huns wouldn't be able to maneuver, exploit their greater numbers. and use their arrow fire effectively. When 2,000 Huns attacked, Belisarius had his 100 veterans who were blocking the path charge, while the civilians made a lot of noise behind him. This confused the Huns, and when he struck their rear they were pressed together so tightly that they could not draw their bows. The Huns fled in disorder, and Belisarius applied so much pressure to them during the retreat that they didn't even use the Parthian shot to harass"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": " their pursuers. After the defeat the Huns fled back over the Danube. In Constantinople Belisarius was once again referred to as a hero.</s><s>Later life. In 562, Belisarius stood trial in Constantinople, having been accused of participating in a conspiracy against Justinian. His case was judged by the prefect of Constantinople, named Prokopius, and this may have been his former secretary Procopius of Caesarea. Belisarius was found guilty and imprisoned but not long after, Justinian pardoned him, ordered his release, and restored him to favor at the imperial court, contrary to a later legend that Belisarius had been blinded.{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/byzantineprof/status/1175067752219971584|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920155650/https://twitter.com/byzantineprof/status/1175067752219971584|archive-date=2019-09-20|title=The Myth of the Blinding of Belisarius (a thread)|author=David Parnell|date=2019-09-20|access-date=20"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": "22-01-20 }} In the first five chapters of his \"Secret History\", Procopius characterizes Belisarius as a cuckolded husband, who was emotionally dependent on his debauched wife, Antonina. According to the historian, Antonina cheated on Belisarius with their adopted son, the young Theodosius. Procopius claims that the love affair was well known in the imperial court and the general was regarded as weak and ridiculous; this view is often considered biased, as Procopius nursed a longstanding hatred of Belisarius and Antonina. Empress Theodora reportedly saved Antonina when Belisarius tried to charge his wife at last. Belisarius and Justinian, whose partnership had increased the size of the empire by 45 percent, died within a few months of each other in 565. Belisarius owned the estate of Rufinianae on the Asiatic side of the Constantinople suburbs. He may have died there and been buried near one of the two churches in the area, perhaps Saints Peter and Paul.</s><s>Assessment.</s><s>Assessment.:Tactics. During his first Persian campaign, Belisarius was on the winning side once, at Dara. In his first few battles he"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": " did not hold overall command and as he was promoted soon after these defeats, his performance was probably positive. At Dara, he won a resounding victory by predicting and influencing enemy movement. When the enemy concentrated and broke through, he moved against their rear and defeated them. At the next battle, at Callinicum, he probably tried to copy his own success at Dara. However, he positioned himself at the low ground and was not able to see it when the enemy concentrated to breakthrough. He had created no reserve at all, so he was not able to plug the gap, despite superior numbers. Belisarius' failure to position himself properly, make a cohesive plan, take advantage of the terrain, and plug the created gap caused a disastrous defeat. Once the Persians had concentrated for a decisive attack, they held numerical superiority at the point of pressure, despite inferior numbers overall. In Africa, he walked accidentally into the battle of Ad Decimum. His ability to see an opportunity to gain the advantage and to take it contrasts positively with Gelimer's inactivity. As such, Hughes judges his generalship during that battle to be superior. In Italy, he mostly relied on sieges to defeat the Goths. At this he was so efficient that Totila"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": " refused to engage in them until Belisarius was unable to take the initiative due to supply shortages.</s><s>Assessment.:Strategies. In Italy, to deal with a changing situation, he made multiple strategies inside the span of a year. Meanwhile, his opponent Vitiges had no coherent strategy after the failure of the siege of Rome. Belisarius tried to keep his strategic rear secure, besieging, for example, Auximus so he could safely move on Ravenna. When he saw fit, he sometimes did operate with a force in his strategic rear, like at the siege of Ariminum, or when he planned to move on Rome without having taken Naples. In the east, he understood that the Persian garrison of Nisibis would be afraid to give the battle a second time after being defeated in the open earlier. Here too, Belisarius operated with a force in his strategic rear. He wanted not to split his forces into two small contingents, like Gelimer had been forced to do at Ad Decimum, so when Narses proposed a plan to operate with a secure strategic rear, Belisarius refused it with the reason that he would divide his forces too much. In Belisarius' campaigns, Brogna sees"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": " the overarching theme of the strategic offensive then tactical defense followed by offense. This forced his enemy to attack strong defensive positions, like the walls of Rome, suffering horrendous losses. Belisarius could then finish off the enemy with the main strength of his force, his cavalry, which contained horse archers to which the Goths and Vandals had no effective response. Helmuth von Moltke the Elder would come up with the idea to use so-called offensive-defensive campaigns to defend Germany centuries later. In these he would also go on a strategic offensive, take up defensive positions on enemy supply lines, and have the larger Russian and French forces attack his strong position. In both cases, the purpose of this kind of strategy was to defeat larger enemy forces effectively. When using such tactics, the higher quality of Byzantine troops, compared to the \"barbarians\", was exploited to the fullest, as wave after wave of Goths, relying on brute force to win, was defeated. In his assessment of the commander, Hughes concludes that Belisarius' strategic abilities were unrivaled.</s><s>Assessment.:Character. At both Thannuris and Callinicum, he fled before the battle was over. While not improving the battlefield situation, this did prevent his"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": " own troops from being destroyed. At the battle of Dara, he refused to duel with a Persian champion, and instead sent a champion of his own. At Rome, however, he fought at the frontline with his soldiers. While he was not willing to take an unnecessary risk in the form of a duel, he wanted, and was able, to inspire his men in combat, and seems not to have lacked bravery. Procopius' portrayal of Belisarius being weak-willed can often also be explained with a good understanding of politics; taking action against his wife, for example, would not have been appreciated by empress Theodora at all. Just like the weak-mindedness in relation to his wife, the influence his soldiers had on him was probably not enough to convince him to move out of Rome. Instead, it was probably overconfidence on his own part. For the rest of his career, he became a cautious commander, which is in line with the notion that Belisarius knew his limits and tried to act within them. He often moved out with only a small force, with which he would have no control and communication problems. Another example of this is when at the battle of Tricamerum he merely advised John, not taking full command"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": ". He recognized John was competent and knew more about the situation, and as such John remained in overall command, winning a great victory. One of the attributes of Belisarius' campaigns was his benevolence towards soldiers and civilians alike. This caused the local population to support him, which was vital to winning, for example, the battle of Ad Decimum. Many enemy garrisons also changed sides, as they could expect leniency. It also put Gelimer under time constraints, and as such forced him to fight the battle of Tricamerum. He is also noted for his calmness in danger. At Rome, when a rumor spread that the Goths were already in the city, and his men begged him to flee, he instead sent men to verify whether the claim was true and made clear to the officers that it was his job and his alone to deal with such a situation.</s><s>Assessment.:Overall performance. Belisarius is generally held in extremely high regard among historians. This is mostly because of the victories at Dara, Ad Decimum and Tricamarum. Little attention has been paid to his defeats in the east and at the Battle of Rome. Brogna puts him among the best commanders in history, Hughes says of him"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": " that he remains behind Alexander the Great and Caesar, but not by much.</s><s>Legend as a blind beggar. According to a story that gained popularity during the Middle Ages, Justinian is said to have ordered Belisarius' eyes to be put out, and reduced him to the status of a homeless beggar near the Pincian Gate of Rome, condemned to asking passers-by to \"give an obolus to Belisarius\" (), before pardoning him. Most modern scholars believe the story to be apocryphal. Philip Stanhope, a 19th-century British philologist who wrote \"Life of Belisarius\", believed the story to be true, based on his review of the available primary sources. After the publication of Jean-François Marmontel's novel \"Bélisaire\" (1767), this account became a popular subject for progressive painters and their patrons in the later 18th century, who saw parallels between the actions of Justinian and the repression imposed by contemporary rulers. For such subtexts, Marmontel's novel received a public censure by Louis Legrand of the Sorbonne, which contemporary theologians regarded as a model exposition of theological knowledge and clear thinking. Marmontel and the"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": " painters and sculptors depicted Belisarius as a kind of secular saint, sharing the suffering of the downtrodden poor—for example, the bust of Belisarius by the French sculptor Jean-Baptiste Stouf. The most famous of these paintings, by Jacques-Louis David, combines the themes of charity (the alms giver), injustice (Belisarius), and the radical reversal of power (the soldier who recognizes his old commander). Others portray him being helped by the poor after his rejection by the powerful.</s><s>In art and popular culture. Belisarius was featured in several works of art before the 20th century. The oldest of them is the historical treatise by his secretary, Procopius. The \"Anecdota\", commonly referred to as the \"Arcana Historia\" or \"Secret History\", is an extended attack on Belisarius and Antonina, and on Justinian and Theodora, indicting Belisarius as a love-blind fool and his wife as unfaithful and duplicitous. Other works include:</s><s>In art and popular culture.:Belisarius as a character.</s><s>In art and popular culture.:Belisarius as a character.:Sculpture."
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": " - \"Bust of Belisarius\" by the French baroque sculptor Jean-Baptiste Stouf. The sculpture at the J. Paul Getty Villa depicts the general as blind beggar in a manner that suggests a philosopher or saint.</s><s>In art and popular culture.:Belisarius as a character.:Painting. - \"Belisarius\": (late 1650s) by Salvator Rosa (1615–1673). Given to Lord Townshend in 1726 by King Friedrich William 1st of Prussia, and hung in the 'Belisarius Chamber' at Raynham Hall, Norfolk. Valued at 10,000 guineas in 1854 (2019 – £1.7m); sold for £273 (2019 – £33,500) in the 'Townshend Heritage Sale' at Christies in 1904 to Sir George Sitwell of Renishaw Hall, where it now hangs.</s><s>In art and popular culture.:Belisarius as a character.:Drama. - \"Belasarius\": a play by Jakob Bidermann (1607) - \"The life and history of Belisarius, who conquered Africa and Italy, with an account of his disgrace, the ingratitude"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": " of the Romans, and a parallel between him and a modern hero\": a drama by John Oldmixon (1713) - \"Belisarius\": a drama by William Philips (1724)</s><s>In art and popular culture.:Belisarius as a character.:Literature. - \"El ejemplo mayor de la desdicha\": a play by Antonio Mira de Amescua (1625) - \"Bélisaire\": a novel by Jean-François Marmontel (1767) - \"Belisarius: A Tragedy\": by Margaretta Faugères (1795). Though she wrote it as a play, Faugères \"intended [this work] for the closet,\" i.e., to be read and not performed. Her preface voices complaints about \"maledictions\" and long-winded rhetoric in popular tragic drama, which she says tend to bore and even outrage a reader, and announces her intent to \"substitute concise narrative and plain sense.\" The drama's plot and character development are secondary to moral conflicts, mainly between vengeance and mercy/pity, respectively associated with pride and humility. - \"Beliar\": 18th-century poem by Friedrich"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": " de la Motte Fouque - \"A Struggle for Rome\": a historical novel by Felix Dahn (1867) - \"Belisarius\", 19th-century poem by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow - \"Count Belisarius\": a novel by Robert Graves (1938); Ostensibly written from the viewpoint of the eunuch Eugenius, servant to Belisarius' wife, but actually based on Procopius' history, the book portrays Belisarius as a solitary honorable man in a corrupt world, and paints a vivid picture of not only his startling military feats but also the colorful characters and events of his day, such as the savage Hippodrome politics of the Constantinople chariot races, which regularly escalated to open street battles between fans of opposing factions, and the intrigues of the emperor Justinian and the empress Theodora. - \"Lest Darkness Fall\": a 1939 alternative history novel by L. Sprague de Camp. Belisarius appears first as the Roman opponent of the time traveler Martin Padway who tries to spread modern science and inventions in Gothic Italy. Eventually, Belisarius becomes a general in Padway's army and secures Italy for him. - The Belisarius series: six books by Eric Flint and"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": " David Drake (1998–2006). Science Fiction/Alternative History. - The character \"Bel Riose\" in \"Foundation and Empire\" by Isaac Asimov is based on Belisarius (1952) - \"A Flame in Byzantium\": a historical horror fiction novel by Chelsea Quinn Yarbro (1987) - \"The Last Dying Light\" (2020) by William Havelock, Book 1 of The Last of the Romans. Told from the perspective of Pharas (Varus) the Herulian, and recounts the chaos of the early-6th-century Roman Empire. Under Justinian's patronage, Belisarius becomes one of the foremost generals of the Roman Army. \"The Last Dying Light\" discusses Belisarius' earliest years of generalship, while \"The Last of the Romans\" covers each of Belisarius' wars in turn. - \"\": historical novel by Peter Keating Vanguard Press (2021) – written from the view point of Belisarius as he recounts his life after being discharged from the service of Justinian—it paints a different portrait of the man loyal to his emperor, but under the sway of the two most powerful women, the Empress Theodora and his wife Antonina. This work covers his"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": " rise to prominence in the service of Justinian, his initial military campaigns in the East, then dealing with the \"Nika\" riot and finally becoming the first Roman to completely defeat the Vandals in North Africa and then capture Sicily.</s><s>In art and popular culture.:Belisarius as a character.:Opera. - \"Belisario\": tragedia lirica by Gaetano Donizetti, libretto by Salvatore Cammarano after Luigi Marchionni's adaptation of Eduard von Schenl's \"Belisarius\" (1820), scenography by Francesco Bagnara, premiered during the Stagione di Carnevale, 4 February 1836, Venezia, Teatro La Fenice.</s><s>In art and popular culture.:Belisarius as a character.:Music. - \"Let There Be Nothing\": a 2020 album by Power Metal band Judicator following Belisarius' life</s><s>In art and popular culture.:Belisarius as a character.:Films. - Belisarius was portrayed by Lang Jeffries in the 1968 German movie \"Kampf um Rom\", directed by Robert Siodmak.</s><s>In art and popular culture.:Belisarius as a character.:Gaming"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": ". - The Archmagos Belisarius Cawl of Warhammer 40,000 also draws his namesake and inspiration from Belisarius. - Belisarius appears as the playable main protagonist in the Last Roman campaign DLC for \"\" as well as the Historical Battle of Dara, The player receives missions of historical context. Starting at the beginning of the Vandal Wars, he leads the Roman Expedition to reconquer the West (North Africa, Italy, Gaul, Spain), officially for Justinian, but there's always the option to Declare Independence and turn Belisarius himself the Emperor of the West and what he conquers. - His name is mentioned, and his \"ancient palace\"/\"sunken city\" ruins—below a Mosque in Istanbul—are a playable level in \"Indiana Jones and the Emperor's Tomb\". - Belisarius is a playable character in the Mobile/PC Game Rise of Kingdoms. - Belisarius is a general in the game and is in the \"Rise of Byzantium\" Conquest leading the \"Byzantine Expedition\" where you start in a war against the Vandals but there is always a chance to declare war on the Byzantines.</s><s>See also. - Anastasian War - Asinarius"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": " - Aspar - Battle of Taginae - Byzantine Empire under the Justinian dynasty - Byzantine Empire under the Leonid dynasty - Conon (general under Justinian I) - Constantinianus - Cyprian (Byzantine commander) - Aetius (general) - Liberius (praetorian prefect) - Military deception - Ostrogothic Kingdom - Stilicho - Strategikon of Maurice - Teia - Theodoric the Great - Tribonian - Uraias - Vacis - Vandal Kingdom - Widin</s><s>Sources.</s><s>Sources.:Primary sources. - Procopius, \"The Secret History of the Court of Justinian\", online at Gutenberg Project</s><s>Sources.:Secondary sources. - \"Belisarius\" Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 27 Apr 2009 - - R. Boss, R. Chapman, P. Garriock, \"Justinian's War: Belisarius, Narses and the Reconquest of the West\", Montvert Publications, 1993, - - - Glanville Downey, \"Belisarius: Young general of Byzantium\", Dutton, 1960 - Edward Gibbon has much to say on Belisarius in \"The History of the Decl"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": "ine and Fall of the Roman Empire\", Chapter 41 online. - - Lillington-Martin, Christopher 2006–2013: - 2006, \"Pilot Field-Walking Survey near Ambar & Dara, SE Turkey\", British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara: Travel Grant Report, Bulletin of British Byzantine Studies, 32 (2006), pp. 40–45 - 2007, \"Archaeological and Ancient Literary Evidence for a Battle near Dara Gap, Turkey, AD 530: Topography, Texts and Trenches\" in: BAR –S1717, 2007 The Late Roman Army in the Near East from Diocletian to the Arab Conquest Proceedings of a colloquium held at Potenza, Acerenza and Matera, Italy edited by Ariel S. Lewin and Pietrina Pellegrini, pp. 299–311 - 2008, \"Roman tactics defeat Persian pride\" in \"Ancient Warfare\" edited by Jasper Oorthuys, Vol. II, Issue 1 (February 2008), pp. 36–40 - 2009, \"Procopius, Belisarius and the Goths\" in: \"Journal of the Oxford University History Society\",(2009) Odd Alliances edited by Heather Ellis and Graciela Iglesias Rogers"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": "., pp. 1– 17, Issue 7 (Special Issue – Colloquium 2009) jouhsinfo - 2010, \"Source for a handbook: Reflections of the Wars in the Strategikon and archaeology\" in: Ancient Warfare edited by Jasper Oorthuys, Vol. IV, Issue 3 (June 2010), pp. 33–37 - 2011, \"Secret Histories\", Secret Histories, with Christopher Lillington-Martin - 2012, \"Hard and Soft Power on the Eastern Frontier: a Roman Fortlet between Dara and Nisibis, Mesopotamia, Turkey, Prokopios' Mindouos?\" in: \"The Byzantinist\", edited by Douglas Whalin, Issue 2 (2012), pp. 4–5, - 2013a, \"La defensa de Roma por Belisario\" in: Justiniano I el Grande (Desperta Ferro) edited by Alberto Pérez Rubio, 18 (July 2013), pp. 40–45, - 2013b, \"Procopius on the struggle for Dara and Rome\" in: War and Warfare in Late Antiquity: Current Perspectives (Late Antique Archaeology 8.1–8.2 2010–11"
},
{
"title": "Belisarius",
"text": ") by Sarantis A. and Christie N. (2010–11) edd. (Brill, Leiden 2013), pp. 599–630, - - Lord Mahon, \"The Life of Belisarius\", 1848. Reprinted 2006 (unabridged with editorial comments) Evolution Publishing, - Lord Mahon, \"The Life of Belisarius\", J. Murray, 1829. With a new critical introduction and further reading by Jon Coulston. Westholme Publishing, 2005. - \"Ancient Warfare\" magazine, Vol. IV, Issue 3 (Jun/Jul, 2010), was devoted to \"Justinian's fireman: Belisarius and the Byzantine empire\", with articles by Sidney Dean, Duncan B. Campbell, Ian Hughes, Ross Cowan, Raffaele D'Amato, and Christopher Lillington-Martin - Hanson, Victor Davis. The Savior Generals: How Five Great Commanders Saved Wars That Were Lost. Bloomsbury Press, 2013. online edition</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Belisarius",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Europe/Middle East"
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|
factscore-000349
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Bastian Schweinsteiger.
|
[
{
"title": "Bastian Schweinsteiger",
"text": "<s>Bastian Schweinsteiger Bastian Schweinsteiger (; born 1 August 1984) is a German former professional footballer who usually played as a central midfielder. Earlier in his career, he primarily played as a wide midfielder. Schweinsteiger is regarded as one of the greatest midfielders of all time, due to his tactical awareness, positioning, passing and also due to his ability to read and control the flow of the game. Former Germany national team manager Joachim Löw has referred to Schweinsteiger as one of the greatest players the country has ever produced. He spent 17 seasons at Bayern Munich, playing in exactly 500 matches across all competitions and scoring 68 goals. His honours at the club include eight Bundesliga titles, seven DFB-Pokal titles, a UEFA Champions League title, a FIFA Club World Cup title and a UEFA Super Cup title. He joined Manchester United in 2015, playing sparingly for 18 months before moving to Chicago Fire. He announced his retirement from playing in October 2019. Schweinsteiger played for the German national team from 2004 to 2016. He is Germany's fourth-most-capped player of all time, having earned 121 caps and scored 24 goals. He was selected in their squads for four"
},
{
"title": "Bastian Schweinsteiger",
"text": " European Championships and three World Cups, including their victory at the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Also, in 2014 FIFA World Cup, he was widely regarded as one of the most important contributors in Germany's victorious campaign, playing an especially important role in defending Lionel Messi in the Final. Following Philipp Lahm's international retirement on 2 September 2014, Schweinsteiger was named captain of the national team. He played his last match for Germany against Finland on 31 August 2016, after which he retired from international football.</s><s>Club career.</s><s>Club career.:Bayern Munich. Schweinsteiger signed with FC Bayern Munich as a youth team player on 1 July 1998 and rose through the club's youth sides. A talented youth ski racer, he had to decide between pursuing a professional career in skiing or one in football. Having won the German youth championship in July 2002, Schweinsteiger quickly earned a place in the reserves, producing a string of solid third-division displays. He initially earned a reputation for being a rebel off the pitch, making headlines for the wrong reasons but has since settled down. During his first appearances in the titular eleven, he played left-back. After just two training sessions with the first team, coach Ottmar Hitzfeld gave Schwein"
},
{
"title": "Bastian Schweinsteiger",
"text": "steiger his debut, at the age of 18, as a late substitute in a UEFA Champions League game against RC Lens in November 2002, and the youngster made an immediate impact, creating a goal for Markus Feulner within minutes. He signed a professional contract the following month and went on to appear in 14 Bundesliga games in 2002–03, helping Bayern to a league and cup double. The next season, he played 26 Bundesliga games. He scored his first Bayern goal against VfL Wolfsburg in September 2003. Surprisingly sent back to Bayern's reserve team by new coach Felix Magath at the beginning of the 2005–06 season despite his international exploits of the summer in the Confederations Cup, Schweinsteiger swiftly returned to play a role in the double-winning campaign and scored in Bayern's Champions League quarter-final first leg defeat at Chelsea. Over the next three seasons, up until the end of 2007–08, Schweinsteiger made 135 appearances in all competitions for Bayern Munich (Champions League, Bundesliga and DFB-Pokal), scoring 10 goals in the process. On 15 August 2008, Schweinsteiger scored the first Bundesliga goal of the 2008–09 season. In December 2010, he extended his contract with Bayern until 2016. On 25"
},
{
"title": "Bastian Schweinsteiger",
"text": " April 2012, Schweinsteiger scored from the last and match-clinching penalty kick against Real Madrid to send Bayern through to the 2012 UEFA Champions League Final, where they would face Chelsea. The match, played at Bayern's Allianz Arena, ended 1–1 and went to a penalty shoot-out. With the shoot-out poised at 3–3, Petr Čech tipped Schweinsteiger's shot onto the post, allowing Didier Drogba to seal the title for Chelsea with the next kick. In the 2012–13 season, Schweinsteiger performed considerably well, continuing his duties as central midfielder along with new signing Javi Martínez. On 6 April 2013, Schweinsteiger scored a backheel flick goal against Eintracht Frankfurt which sealed the Bundesliga title for Bayern. The season ended on a high for Schweinsteiger, as Bayern secured a treble of Bundesliga, DFB-Pokal and Champions League. Schweinsteiger received the 2013 German player of the year due to his performance for Bayern Munich. He was described by then manager Jupp Heynckes as the best midfielder in the world and Heynckes wanted either Schweinsteiger, Ribéry or"
},
{
"title": "Bastian Schweinsteiger",
"text": " Thomas Müller to win the Ballon d'Or. He scored an equaliser goal in the match against Manchester United in the first leg of their 2013–14 UEFA Champions League quarter-final at Old Trafford but saw a red card later in that match. He made his 2014–15 season debut in a 4–0 win against 1899 Hoffenheim. He came in for Mario Götze in the 78th minute. On 16 May 2015, with Bayern having already won the league, he scored the opening goal in a 2–1 defeat at SC Freiburg. On 23 May 2015, Schweinsteiger scored on his 500th appearance for Bayern. This proved to be his last match with the club. He transferred to Manchester United on 13 July 2015, having been at Bayern for 17 years. Schweinsteiger was a fan favourite at Bayern and was usually called \"Fußballgott\" (football god) by Bayern's fans.</s><s>Club career.:Manchester United. On 13 July 2015, Manchester United completed the signing of Schweinsteiger on a three-year contract for a fee of €9 million (£6.5 million). Manchester United had never before fielded a German in the first team; Markus Neumayr and"
},
{
"title": "Bastian Schweinsteiger",
"text": " Ron-Robert Zieler were at the club before him, but neither made it into the first team. Schweinsteiger was given shirt number 23 in pre-season, but switched to 31, which he wore at Bayern, before the official start to the season. Schweinsteiger made his pre-season debut for Manchester United in a friendly match against Club América on 17 July 2015. United defeated the Mexican club 1–0 in Seattle. His Premier League debut came on 8 August, as a 60th-minute substitute for Michael Carrick as the season began with a 1–0 home victory over Tottenham Hotspur, being booked eight minutes into his first appearance for a foul on Nacer Chadli. On 28 November he scored his first goal for the club, equalising with a header in a 1–1 draw against Leicester City. On 7 December 2015, Schweinsteiger was punished with a three-match retrospective ban by The Football Association for striking West Ham United's Winston Reid in the throat in their meeting two days earlier. After the arrival of new manager, José Mourinho, Schweinsteiger was demoted and sent to training with the under-23 team. A number of high-profile former teammates have criticised Mourinho's handling of the"
},
{
"title": "Bastian Schweinsteiger",
"text": " matter, accusing Mourinho of showing a lack of respect for Schweinsteiger. He returned to first team training towards the end of 2016, and made his first appearance since March when he came on as a late substitute in the EFL Cup quarter-final against West Ham United on 30 November 2016. He made his first start in over a year in a 4–0 win in the FA Cup fourth round home tie against Wigan Athletic on 29 January 2017, in which he scored his first Old Trafford goal for Manchester United with an overhead finish. For his goal, as well as his assist to Marouane Fellaini for the opening goal, he was voted \"Man of the Match\" by the fans.</s><s>Club career.:Chicago Fire. On 21 March 2017, Manchester United allowed Schweinsteiger to join Major League Soccer side Chicago Fire, subject to a medical and a visa being secured. The move was completed on 29 March. A few days later, Mourinho stated that he \"regretted\" the way he had treated Schweinsteiger. On 1 April, Schweinsteiger debuted for Chicago Fire, scoring in a 2–2 home draw against Montreal Impact. By mid-season, he would help guide Chicago to the top of the MLS standings"
},
{
"title": "Bastian Schweinsteiger",
"text": " and be voted into the \"MLS All-Star Fan XI\" (along with teammate Nemanja Nikolić) to face Real Madrid at the 2017 MLS All-Star Game in Chicago. After guiding the Fire back into the playoffs after a five-year drought, Schweinsteiger was awarded the contract option of another year in 2018. Schweinsteiger netted a goal and also provided an assist to Alan Gordon's equalising goal in the stoppage time in a 2–2 draw against Toronto FC on 29 April 2018. On 5 August, he scored a long-range goal to level the scoreline after coming on as a substitute in the second half, but his side were defeated in a 2–1 away loss against Real Salt Lake. On 11 July, Schweinsteiger scored a goal in the stoppage time and provided one assist to Aleksandar Katai's goal in a 4–3 home defeat against Philadelphia Union.</s><s>Club career.:Retirement. On 8 October 2019, Schweinsteiger announced his retirement from professional football. A few days after his retirement from active sports in October 2019, the ARD announced that Schweinsteiger will be accompanying live broadcasts of football matches as an expert in Qatar for the next three"
},
{
"title": "Bastian Schweinsteiger",
"text": " years up to and including the 2022 FIFA World Cup.</s><s>International career. Schweinsteiger made his international debut in June 2004 in a friendly against Hungary and earned 121 caps before his retirement from international football in 2016. He was part of the Germany squad for every major tournament from UEFA Euro 2004 until Euro 2016.</s><s>International career.:Euro 2004. Right after taking part in the under-21s' disappointing run at the 2004 European Championships, he was called up for Euro 2004. He set up the opening goal for Bayern teammate Michael Ballack in Germany's 2–1 loss against the Czech Republic.</s><s>International career.:2006 FIFA World Cup. He scored his first two international goals on 8 June 2005 against Russia and scored his first goal in a competitive match against Tunisia on 18 June 2005 at the Confederations Cup in Germany. He was called up to the 2006 FIFA World Cup on home soil and shot into prominence at the tournament with his two brilliant long-range strikes in the third-place match against Portugal, which won him the Man of the Match award. The match ended 3–1 with the 21-year-old nearly claiming a hat-trick but his deflected free kick was credited as an own-goal to Armando Petit. At"
},
{
"title": "Bastian Schweinsteiger",
"text": " the age of 22, he had already played 41 matches for the German national team, a record for any German player at the time. This record was soon broken, however, by Lukas Podolski who was capped 44 times at the age of 22. At the same age, Lothar Matthäus (the German all-time record holder with 150 caps) had only played 13 times for the German national team.</s><s>International career.:Euro 2008. During Euro 2008 qualifiers, he scored two goals en route to a record 13–0 win over San Marino in San Marino. He scored the third goal in Germany's 4–1 win over Slovakia in Bratislava. Schweinsteiger lost his place in the starting 11 when Germany manager Joachim Löw moved striker Lukas Podolski to Schweinsteiger's usual position on the left wing to accommodate the strike partnership of Miroslav Klose and Mario Gómez, and he made two substitute appearances in the group stage. In the second match against Croatia, he was shown a straight red card for reacting to a challenge from Jerko Leko as Germany succumbed to a shock 2–1 defeat. After serving his suspension by missing the game against Austria, he returned"
},
{
"title": "Bastian Schweinsteiger",
"text": " to the starting line-up in the quarterfinal against Portugal, as Löw reverted to the old 4–4–2 formation when Gómez was benched after failing to make an impression. Once again he was instrumental in Germany's 3–2 win, scoring one goal and setting up the other two. He also scored his country's first goal in the 3–2 semifinal victory against Turkey. He captained the team for the first time in a friendly against the United Arab Emirates.</s><s>International career.:2010 FIFA World Cup. Schweinsteiger featured often in 2010 World Cup qualifying, playing nine of the 10 games and contributing three goals. He started in Germany's third pre-warm-up game vs. Bosnia on 3 June 2010, and scored two penalties in a 3–1 victory in the space of four minutes, but in the 87th minute he was substituted off for Bayern Munich teammate Toni Kroos. During the 2010 FIFA World Cup, Schweinsteiger was charged with replacing the injured Michael Ballack at the centre of midfield. He performed admirably in this role, adding valuable leadership and international experience to a very young German side. He was vital to both the German attack and defence, as was apparent when he was"
},
{
"title": "Bastian Schweinsteiger",
"text": " named the Man of the Match after the quarter-final match against Argentina, where he provided two assists while also managing to contain Lionel Messi. Germany subsequently lost to Spain in the semi-finals. Germany was able to rally for a 3–2 victory over Uruguay in the third-place match, and, with Philipp Lahm resting on the bench because of illness, Schweinsteiger served as captain. Overall, Schweinsteiger recorded three assists in seven matches in South Africa, which tied him for the most assists in the finals with Dirk Kuyt, Kaká, Thomas Müller and Mesut Özil. In recognition of his excellent play throughout the tournament, he was chosen as one of 10 finalists for the prestigious Golden Ball, awarded to the most outstanding player of the tournament.</s><s>International career.:Euro 2012. Schweinsteiger established himself as first choice as defensive midfielder in Germany's qualifying group. He played five matches – once against each opponent: Belgium, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Austria and Turkey – and helped Germany win 10 out of 10 games, scoring once and providing one assist. Schweinsteiger started all five of Germany's matches at the UEFA Euro 2012 finals and assisted both of Mario Gómez goals in the 2–1 Group"
},
{
"title": "Bastian Schweinsteiger",
"text": " B win over rivals the Netherlands.</s><s>International career.:2014 FIFA World Cup. Schweinsteiger made five appearances as Germany qualified for the 2014 FIFA World Cup. On 15 October 2013, he won his 100th cap for the national team in a 5–3 win over Sweden. After making a substitute appearance in the team's second match against Ghana, Schweinsteiger was selected to start in the third group game against the United States. He retained his place in the team for Germany's round of 16 match, a 2–1 win against Algeria. He was instrumental in the World Cup finals against Argentina and led the mid-field with sweeping passes for the German attack. Germany won the World Cup final 1–0 through Mario Götze's 113th-minute goal.</s><s>International career.:Euro 2016 and retirement. Prior to the start of qualification, Schweinsteiger was appointed as the new captain for Germany after Philipp Lahm's retirement. On 23 March 2016 he sustained damage on his knee while he was training with the German national team which made him miss the rest of the Premier League season but he recovered just in time to be selected for Germany's 27-man provisional squad for UEFA Euro 2016. On 31 May, Schweinsteiger was selected"
},
{
"title": "Bastian Schweinsteiger",
"text": " for Germany's final 23-man squad for UEFA Euro 2016. During this time, Schweinsteiger also took part in a collaboration between the German Football Association and The LEGO Group, who in 2016 released a Europe-exclusive collectible minifigure series, with Schweinsteiger featured as the seventh of sixteen minifigures in the collection. On 12 June 2016, Schweinsteiger scored in stoppage time after coming on late in a 2–0 group stage victory over Ukraine. Nine days later, Schweinsteiger set a new record for German player with the most appearances in a European Championship match. After the tournament, Schweinsteiger announced his retirement from competitive international football, having played in 120 games, scoring 24 goals. One month later, he participated in his last ever international appearance for Germany, against Finland in a friendly match. He was succeeded as captain by Manuel Neuer.</s><s>Style of play. Schweinsteiger largely operated in the centre, but he was versatile enough to provide an option on the wing, either on the left or right flank. During his years with Bayern, he was regarded as one of the best midfielders in the world. Schweinsteiger possessed a fearsome shot from range, as well as excellent crossing"
},
{
"title": "Bastian Schweinsteiger",
"text": " and a wicked delivery from set-pieces, while his boundless energy also serves him well. Described as a \"two-way player\" by Nick Amies, he was also used in a variety of other roles, including as a holding midfielder, as an attacking midfielder, in a box-to-box role, as a playmaker, in a deep-lying midfield role, or even as a right-back. A powerful, physical, and elegant player, who also possessed good technique, skill, passing ability, vision, and creativity, Schweinsteiger was known for his ability to control and dictate the flow of his team's play in midfield, build attacks, and create chances for his teammates with his distribution. Dubbed the \"Midfield Motor\", Schweinsteiger was also a superb reader of the game and scored spectacularly due to his good positioning. He was called \"the brain\" of the German national team by coach Joachim Löw, and was also described as a \"midfield mastermind\". Beyond his offensive and creative capabilities, he was also known for his defensive skills, work-rate, and tackling ability. For his performances, he was voted as the best German player of the year in 2013. Jonathan Wilson, when writing"
},
{
"title": "Bastian Schweinsteiger",
"text": " for \"The Guardian\" during the same year, labelled Schweinsteiger as a type holding midfielder that he described as a \"carrier\" or \"surger,\" namely \"a player capable of making late runs or carrying the ball at his feet.\" During his time with Chicago, Schweinsteiger was also occasionally deployed as a central defender or sweeper in a three-man back-line, in addition to his usual role in midfield, courtesy of his vision and defensive skills; in this deeper role, he was not only given defensive responsibilities, such as marking opposing players, but was also given offensive duties, and was tasked with playing the ball out from the back, retaining possession, advancing into midfield, and controlling the play. Because of Schweinsteiger's wide range of skills, his former Chicago Fire manager, Veljko Paunović, described him upon his retirement in 2019 as \"unique and special,\" also commenting: \"He's a complete player, a total player. In Germany, where they know him even better than us, they call him a 'Fussballgott' [a \"football god,\" in German] because he represents everything.\"</s><s>Personal life. Schweinsteiger is a Roman Catholic. He is known to"
},
{
"title": "Bastian Schweinsteiger",
"text": " fans as \"Schweini\" or \"Basti\", the latter to distinguish him from his elder brother, Tobias, a professional footballer who also played for Bayern Munich, albeit in the reserve team. Schweinsteiger was in a relationship with model Sarah Brandner from 2007 until July 2014. They lived in Munich together. In September 2014, he began a relationship with Serbian tennis player Ana Ivanovic. The couple married on 12 July 2016 in Venice, Italy. They have two sons, born in 2018 and 2019. In February 2023, the couple announced that they were expecting their third child together. Schweinsteiger was a talented ski racer and is childhood friends with Felix Neureuther.</s><s>Honours. Bayern Munich Juniors - Under 17 Bundesliga: 2001 - Under 19 Bundesliga: 2002 Bayern Munich II - Regionalliga Süd: 2003–04 Bayern Munich - Bundesliga: 2002–03, 2004–05, 2005–06, 2007–08, 2009–10, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2014–15 - DFB-Pokal: 2002–03, 2004–05, 2005–06, 2007–08, 2009–10, 2012–13, 2013–14 - DFL-Ligapokal"
},
{
"title": "Bastian Schweinsteiger",
"text": ": 2007 - DFL-Supercup: 2010 - UEFA Champions League: 2012–13 Manchester United - FA Cup: 2015–16 Germany - FIFA World Cup: 2014; third place: 2006, 2010 - UEFA European Championship runner-up: 2008 - FIFA Confederations Cup third place: 2005 Individual - Silbernes Lorbeerblatt: 2006, 2010, 2014 - FIFA World Cup Dream Team: 2010 - FIFA World Cup Most assists: 2010 (3, shared with Thomas Müller, Mesut Özil, Kaká, and Dirk Kuyt) - Germany national team Player of the Year: 2010 - ESM Team of the Year: 2012–13 - Footballer of the Year in Germany: 2013 - UEFA Best Player in Europe Award: 2013 (7th place) - FIFA FIFPro World XI 3rd team: 2013 - FIFA FIFPro World XI 4th team: 2014 - Bambi Award: 2016 - MLS All-Star: 2017, 2019 - FC Bayern Munich Hall of Fame: 2018 Orders - Bavarian Order of Merit: 2018</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Bastian Schweinsteiger",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Europe/Middle East"
}
|
factscore-000350
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Amr Diab.
|
[
{
"title": "Amr Diab",
"text": "<s>Amr Diab Amr Diab (, ; born on 11 October 1961) is an Egyptian singer, composer and actor. He has established himself as a globally acclaimed recording artist and author. He is a Guinness World Record holder, the best selling Middle Eastern artist, a seven-times winner of World Music Awards and five-times winner of Platinum Records.</s><s>Early life. Diab was born as Amr Abdel Basset Abdel Azeez Diab (Arabic: عمرو عبد الباسط عبد العزيز دياب) on 11 October 1961 in Port Said to a middle-class Muslim family from the Egyptian countryside of Menia Elamh, in Sharqia Governorate, Egypt. Diab graduated with a bachelor's degree in music from the Cairo Academy of Arts in 1986.</s><s>Music career. Diab released his first album entitled'in 1983. Diab's second album,'(1984), was the first of a series of records he released with Delta Sound; including'(1986),'(1987), and'(1988), with the title track becoming one of the top 10 songs in the world at the time. His later"
},
{
"title": "Amr Diab",
"text": " releases include'(1989),'(1990),'(1991),'(1992),'(1993),'(1994), and'(1995). By 1992, he became the first Egyptian and Middle Eastern artist to start making high-tech music videos. In 1996, Diab released his first album with Alam El Phan entitled ', and he won the World Music Award for the first time, which proved an international success and gained Diab recognition beyond the Arabic-speaking world. Diab recorded four more albums with Alam El Phan, including'(1999). Diab also collaborated with Khaled (on the song \"\") and with Angela Dimitriou (on the song \"Bahebak Aktar\"). According to research by Michael Frishkopf, he has created a style in the song \"\", termed as \"Mediterranean music\", a blend of Western and Egyptian rhythms. In the summer of 2004, Diab, having left Alam El Phan, released his first album with Rotana Records, \",\" which he followed up with the hugely successful'(2005), and'(2007). On 18 October 2009, Diab won four 2009 African Music Awards in the categories of best artist, album, vocalist and song for \"\"; Diab"
},
{
"title": "Amr Diab",
"text": " had been nominated by the Big Apple Music Awards. In February 2011, Diab released his hit single'(\"Egypt spoke\"), followed by the release of his album'in September, produced by Rotana. In 2012, Diab hosted the first Google Hangout in the Middle East during his performance in Dubai. In October 2014, Diab released his album ', which topped his last album'and again became the best-selling album in Egypt on iTunes. In July 2015, Diab released a music video for his song \"\" from his album '. In March 2016, he released ', his first album since he left Rotana Music. The album was produced by the record label Nay For Media. His new album \" was released in July 2017 with Nay Records. His 2014 album \" peaked at No. 1 on the \"Billboard\" World Albums Charts, making him the first Egyptian and Middle Eastern performer to accomplish such a feat. In October 2018, he released a new album called '. In 2019, he released a mini-album, ', and in February 2020 he released his 35th album, \"\", which included 16 songs. In February 2022, Anghami announced an exclusive partnership that will see the Diab's entire Nay Label audio and video catalogue and future releases available"
},
{
"title": "Amr Diab",
"text": " only on Anghami.</s><s>Musical style. Diab is known as the \"father of Mediterranean music\". David Cooper and Kevin Dawe refer to his music as \"the new breed of Mediterranean music\". According to author Michael Frishkopf, Diab has produced a new concept of Mediterranean music, especially with his international hit, \"\". Moreover, Diab is known as a composer, having composed more than 97 of his own songs.</s><s>Music videos. Diab is one of the first singers to popularize music videos in the whole MENA region and is the first Egyptian singer to appear in music videos.</s><s>Film career. Diab's fame in the music industry has led him to experiment with other forms of media, such as film. Diab played himself in his first film, ', which was released in 1989. It also starred Madiha Kamel. His second film was Hussein El-Imam's production \"Ice Cream in Gleam\" ('), in which Diab starred in 1992, was chosen as one of the best five Egyptian musical films by the University of California, Los Angeles (ULCA) School of Theater, Film and Television. The film was featured in the UCLA Film and Television Archive's new program \""
},
{
"title": "Amr Diab",
"text": "Music on the Nile: Fifty Years of Egyptian Musical Films\" at James Bridges Theater at UCLA on 6, 8 and 10 April 1999. David Chute of the \"LA Weekly\" termed it \"observant\" and \"a big leap\". His third movie was released in 1993, and was named \"\" (\"Laughter and Fun\"). The film premiered in the Egyptian Film Festival in 1993. Diab played alongside international Egyptian movie star Omar Sharif (\"Lawrence of Arabia\", \"Doctor Zhivago\") and Yousra. Overall, Diab did not experience the same level of success in film that he had with his music career. Since 1993, Diab has focused on his singing career.</s><s>Film career.:Amr Diab in movies. Diab's songs have been used in several films, including: - \"\" in \"Divine Intervention\" (2002) - \"\" in \"The Dancer Upstairs\" (2002) - \"\" and \"\" in \"O Clone\" (2001) - \"\" in \"Double Whammy\" (2001) - \"\" and \"\" in \"Coco\" (2009) - \"\" in \"The Dictator\" (2012)</s><s>Egyptian Revolution. During the 2011 uprising, some protesters criticized Diab for staying silent, and"
},
{
"title": "Amr Diab",
"text": " for fleeing Egypt for London. A few days after former President Hosni Mubarak stepped down, Diab composed and sang a memorial song, \"\" (Egypt Said), and released it in conjunction with a music video showing pictures of the martyrs who died in the uprising. He initiated a charity campaign \"\" (\"Truly Egyptian\"). His online radio station Diab FM often presents talks and discussions about what the Diab FM team can offer to the community as well as applying it practically by being present in different sites across Egypt with a new humanitarian project each week.</s><s>Personal life. Diab has an elder daughter from his first marriage to Egyptian actress Shereen Reda. In 1994, he was married to Saudi businesswoman Zeina Ashour. They have three children. In 2018, he went on to marry Egyptian actress, Dina El Sherbiny, after his relationship with Ashour ended. It is unknown whether they were separated or divorced. However, Diab and El Sherbiny separated in late 2020.</s><s>Awards. He has been awarded the World Music Award for Best Selling Middle Eastern Artist four times: 1996 for album ', 2001 for album \"Akter Wahed\", 2007 for album \"El Lillady\" and 2013 for'album. He has also"
},
{
"title": "Amr Diab",
"text": " won (Best Egyptian Artist, Best Male Arab Artist and World's Best Arab Male Artist Voted Online) at the World Music Awards 2014. Amr Diab is the only Middle Eastern artist to have received 7 World Music Awards. Five of his albums reached the top 10 of \"Billboard\"'s World Albums chart, with reaching No. 1 in 2014, the first for an Arabic performer. Alongside that accomplishment, two of his albums (2014's and 2016's ) both peaked at 29 and 14 respectively on Billboard's Heatseekers charts. On 28 September 2016, Diab announced that he achieved a Guinness World Records title for \"Most World Music Awards for Best Selling Middle Eastern Artist\".</s><s>Awards.:List of awards received by Amr Diab. - Seven World Music Awards (1997/2001/2007/2014/2020) - Six African Music Awards (2009/2010) - Two All Africa Music Awards (2016/2017) - Guinness World Record (2016)</s><s>Program \"Al-helm\". A program produced by Amr Afifi, consisting of 12 parts aired on Rotana Music, Rotana Cinema and Egyptian Channel 1 station. The program detailed the biography of Diab and was scheduled to be launched simultaneously with the release of Amr Di"
},
{
"title": "Amr Diab",
"text": "ab's new album, but the album's release was postponed to a later date.</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Amr Diab",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Latin America/Africa"
}
|
factscore-000351
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Danny Almonte.
|
[
{
"title": "Danny Almonte",
"text": "<s>Danny Almonte Danny Almonte Rojas (born April 7, 1987) is a Dominican-American former baseball player who is currently an assistant baseball coach at Cardinal Hayes High School in New York City. Born in Moca in the Dominican Republic, Almonte was a Little League pitcher who threw up to. Considered a phenomenon as he led his Bronx team to a third-place finish in the 2001 Little League World Series, Almonte was revealed to have actually been two years too old to play Little League baseball. Although there were many allegations during the 2001 Series, the truth was not revealed until weeks later.</s><s>Little League phenomenon. In 2000, Danny Almonte moved to The Bronx, New York City, where he began playing Little League baseball. His father, Felipe, who had moved to the U.S. six years earlier, had begun a youth baseball league in Moca that still bears his name. With his high leg kick and a fastball that reached a top speed of 76 miles per hour (the equivalent, for that distance, of a 102 mph major-league fastball), the 5-foot-8 Danny soon became a sensation. His imposing frame won him the nickname \"Little Unit,\" a nod to Randy \"Big"
},
{
"title": "Danny Almonte",
"text": " Unit\" Johnson. He threw a no-hitter in the 2001 Mid-Atlantic Regional finals against State College, Pennsylvania, sending his team to the Little League World Series in South Williamsport, Pennsylvania. In a round-robin game four days later, Almonte threw the first perfect game in the Little League World Series since 1979, against the team from Apopka, Florida. However, his team was defeated by the same Florida team in the U.S. championship game (Almonte could not pitch in the championship game under Little League rules, as he had pitched a complete game the day before). He finished the 2001 tournament with 62 strikeouts (out of 72 batters faced), giving up only three hits in three starts, and only one unearned run. Almonte's team, nicknamed \"the Baby Bombers\" because they played in the shadow of Yankee Stadium, was the feel-good story of the Little League World Series, and were honored before a New York Yankees game shortly after the Series. They also received the key to the city from Mayor Rudy Giuliani.</s><s>Concerns about age. Almonte's imposing appearance and command on the mound, as well as the velocity of his fastball, led to rumors that he was older than"
},
{
"title": "Danny Almonte",
"text": " 12 years old, the age limit for Little League Baseball. A team from Staten Island hired a private investigator to look into the ages of the entire team. A similar investigation was conducted by a team from Pequannock Township, New Jersey. Neither turned up any evidence that the players were too old. Rolando Paulino, the league president, adamantly insisted that Almonte had in fact been born on April 7, 1989. Paulino was initially backed by Little League and Dominican officials, who said the Baby Bombers had followed all proper procedures regarding age verification. Officials at Little League headquarters even took the unusual step of checking each of the player documents due to the rumors surrounding the team. Little League officials had increased scrutiny of player eligibility after the 1992 Series, in which the champions from Zamboanga City in the Philippines were stripped of their title due to a large number of out-of-district and overage players. Reporters from \"Sports Illustrated\" went to the civil records building in Moca two weeks after the end of the 2001 Series. They discovered a notation in the birth ledger showing that in 1994, Felipe Almonte had registered his son's birth date as April 7, 1987 at Dr. Toribio Bencosme Hospital—which"
},
{
"title": "Danny Almonte",
"text": " would have made him 14 years old at the time of the 2001 Series. It was common for Dominican parents to wait years before registering the birth of a child. Their report, posted on the magazine's website just before being published, triggered a full investigation by Little League, even as Almonte and his teammates were being feted in the Bronx. Almonte's mother, Sonia Rojas Breton, owned a handwritten birth certificate saying that he had been born at home in Jamao with the help of a midwife in 1989. She had registered Danny's 1989 birth date in 2000. Both of Almonte's parents, though separated, insisted their son was born in 1989, condemning the other documents as false. Felipe Almonte appeared on \"Good Morning America\" at the time of the investigation, proclaiming his son's innocence.</s><s>Almonte's real age. As part of Dominican officials' investigation, Victor Romero, head of the national public records office, interviewed the witnesses whose signatures appeared on the 1989 birth certificate. They both denied knowing Danny's parents, let alone signing the certificate. On August 31, Romero announced that Danny had in fact been born in 1987. As a result, Danny Almonte was retroactively declared ineligible, and the"
},
{
"title": "Danny Almonte",
"text": " Baby Bombers had to forfeit all their wins in tournament play. All of their records were removed from the books, and the team was required to demonstrate compliance with all regulations before entering the 2002 tournament. Felipe was banned from Little League competition for life. Paulino was also banned, since Little League rules make the league president responsible for player eligibility. Dominican prosecutors filed criminal charges against Felipe for falsifying a birth certificate. Danny, who did not speak English at the time, apparently knew nothing about the falsified documents and was cleared of wrongdoing. Little League president Stephen Keener said that Danny and his teammates had been \"used... in a most contemptible and despicable way\" and that \"millions of Little Leaguers around the world were deceived.\" ESPN's Jim Caple called Felipe \"the worst stereotype of the Little League parent sprung to life.\" Danny's godmother later begged forgiveness, saying that \"we had to commit this little fraud\" to give Danny a chance to compete in a tournament as significant as the Little League World Series. About the same time, New York City child welfare officials discovered that Danny had not been enrolled in school for the 2000–01 year—which would be a violation of state law, and grounds for placing him in foster care."
},
{
"title": "Danny Almonte",
"text": " Danny's registration listed him as attending Public School 70 in the Bronx. However, Dominican school officials said they had records that Danny had actually attended school in the Dominican Republic until June 15. This would have made him ineligible for the Little League World Series even if he had actually been 12 years old. Little League rules require a player to have appeared in at least half of his team's games by June 15 in order to be eligible for the all-star team that competes in the tournament. Danny then enrolled at Public School 52 in the Bronx in September.</s><s>Aftermath. After his father's visa expired, Danny Almonte remained in New York under the guardianship of Rolando Paulino. He played, along with four of his former teammates, in the 2004 Public Schools Athletic League championship. In early 2005, Almonte moved to the Miami area, where he did not play baseball due to residency requirements. The following year he returned to New York, where he pitched for James Monroe High School in the Bronx. In May 2006, Almonte announced he was married to 30-year-old Rosy Perdomo. The wedding took place in 2005, when Almonte was 18. While in the National Amateur Baseball Federation (NABF) wood-"
},
{
"title": "Danny Almonte",
"text": "bat summer league, he played for Youth Service. There had been some reports that Almonte would be selected in the 2006 Major League Baseball Draft, though this did not happen. He attended a Major League tryout in October 2006. After the draft he said he would play baseball for New Mexico Junior College in Hobbs, New Mexico. The team made it to the National Junior College championship game in 2007. Later that year, Almonte joined the Southern Illinois Miners of the Frontier League, an independent minor-league circuit—and thus forfeited his NCAA collegiate eligibility. He pitched his first game on May 27, 2007, against the Evansville Otters. The Miners lost, 3–2. He was released on June 30, 2007. Almonte's record was 0–1, with a 5.29 ERA in six appearances. By at least one account, his poor performance was due to his being out of shape at the time. In fall 2007, Almonte enrolled as a freshman in Western Oklahoma State College, a community college in Altus, Oklahoma, where he pitched and played right field for the Pioneers. Almonte and the Pioneers were ranked fourth in the National Junior College Athletic Association Division 2 poll and advanced to the NJ"
},
{
"title": "Danny Almonte",
"text": "CAA D-2 World Series. Almonte finished as one of the top hitters in JUCO baseball, hitting.497 with fourteen home runs and going 7–1 with one save as a pitcher. In his second year at the school, Almonte hit.472, with eighteen home runs, and had a pitching record of 9–0. Despite those statistics, however, he was not selected by any Major League Baseball organization in the Rule 4 draft. Forced to give up pitching due to a sore arm, Almonte played semi-pro baseball in the summer of 2009 as an outfielder. As of 2010, Almonte had returned to the Bronx, where he was serving as a volunteer assistant coach for his high school alma mater's baseball team. At that time, he was reportedly no longer with his wife, though he would not discuss details of the relationship. Almonte indicated an intent to return to semi-pro baseball that summer, after the end of the school year, but said that he no longer held expectations of some day playing in the Major Leagues.</s><s>In popular culture. The episode \"Foul Play\" of the legal drama series \"Law & Order\" was inspired by Almonte's story.</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Danny Almonte",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Latin America/Africa"
}
|
factscore-000352
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Lunay (singer).
|
[
{
"title": "Lunay (singer)",
"text": "<s>Lunay (singer) Jefnier Osorio Moreno (born October 4, 2000), known professionally as Lunay, is a Puerto Rican singer and rapper. He rose to fame in the Latin and reggaeton scene with the songs \"A Solas\", \"Luz Apaga\", \"Soltera\", and \"Soltera (Remix)\". On October 25, 2019, he released his debut album \"Épico\".</s><s>Early life. As a child, his true passion was the drums and soccer. Thanks to the sport of soccer Osorio found his vocation in music. At an early age he knew he wanted to be part of the urban genre, motivated by what other singers of the genre in Latin America were achieving. At age 12, he began recording freestyle raps, which he uploaded to Facebook. He used to improvise in front of his soccer teammates, with several of his clips going viral. His freestyle raps caught the attention of producers like Chris Jeday and Gaby Music.</s><s>Career. In 2017, he started uploading small musical projects to SoundCloud under the name of \"Jefnier\", entering more seriously in the music industry. In 2017, he launched \"Aparentas\","
},
{
"title": "Lunay (singer)",
"text": " reaching thousands of reproductions on this platform, attracting the attention of two of the most recognized producers in Puerto Rico: Chris Jeday and Gaby Music. Both producers contacted the young Puerto Rican offering him a record deal and after signing, in May 2018, he changed his stage name to Lunay. That same month he released the song \"Si Te Vas Conmigo\", and a month later \"Dejame Saber\". The same year they came out with \"A Solas\" featuring Lyanno and \"Como La Primera Vez\" with Amarion. One of his first collaborations was \"Luz Apaga\" with Ozuna, Rauw Alejandro and Lyanno, reaching millions of views on YouTube. At the end of 2018, the remix of \"A Solas\" was released with Anuel AA, Brytiago and Alex Rose, positioning for several days on the YouTube Trending page. In March 2019, he released his single \"Soltera\", which achieved more than five million views in five days on YouTube. \"Soltera\" was also remixed in a version with Puerto Rican rappers Daddy Yankee and Bad Bunny. On August 5, 2020, he also collaborated with fellow American rapper Lil Mosey on the single \"Top Gone"
},
{
"title": "Lunay (singer)",
"text": "\". The single appeared on the deluxe edition of the latter's second studio album \"Certified Hitmaker\".</s><s>Musical style. On his musical style, Lunay has commented that his songs do not encourage violence or denigrate women. In an interview he gave to the top 40, he said: \"Not necessarily, even if I am in this world of urban music, [do] I have to be fostering violence, which is against God's purpose. I just do what I like and I know the relationship I have with Him.\" He won the award for artist \"on the rise\" at the 2019 Premios Juventud.</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Lunay (singer)",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Latin America/Africa"
}
|
factscore-000353
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Andry Rajoelina.
|
[
{
"title": "Andry Rajoelina",
"text": "<s>Andry Rajoelina Andry Nirina Rajoelina (Malagasy: ; born 30 May 1974) is a Malagasy politician and businessman who has been the President of Madagascar since 2019. He was previously president of a provisional government from 2009 to 2014 following a political crisis and military-backed coup, having held the office of Mayor of Antananarivo for one year prior. Before entering the political arena, Rajoelina was involved in the private sector, including a printing and advertising company called Injet in 1999 and the \"Viva\" radio and television networks in 2007. He formed political party Young Malagasies Determined and was elected Mayor of Antananarivo in 2007. While in this position, he led an opposition movement against then-President Marc Ravalomanana that culminated in a 2009 political crisis. Rajoelina was appointed as President of the High Transitional Authority of Madagascar (HTA) by a military council, in a move characterised as a coup d'état by the international community. Rajoelina dissolved the Senate and National Assembly, and transferred their powers to a variety of new governance structures responsible for overseeing the transition toward a new constitutional authority. This conflicted with an internationally mediated process to"
},
{
"title": "Andry Rajoelina",
"text": " establish a transitional government. Voters approved a new constitution in a controversial national referendum in November 2010, ushering in the Fourth Republic. He held the Presidency of the HTA until general elections were held in 2013, and stepped down in 2014. He won the 2018 presidential election and was inaugurated President of Madagascar on 19 January 2019. His tenure has included directing the government's response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Madagascar, during which he promoted misinformation and unproven treatments for the disease, as well as a 2021 food insecurity crisis and Cyclone Batsirai.</s><s>Family and early years. Andry Rajoelina was born on 30 May 1974 to a relatively wealthy family in Antsirabe. His father, now-retired Colonel Roger Yves Rajoelina, held dual nationality and fought for the French army in the Algerian War. Although his family could afford a college education for their son, Andry Rajoelina opted to discontinue his studies after completing his baccalauréat to launch a career as an entrepreneur. In 1994, Rajoelina met his future spouse Mialy Razakandisa, who was then completing her senior year at a high school in Antananarivo. The couple cour"
},
{
"title": "Andry Rajoelina",
"text": "ted long-distance for six years while Mialy completed her undergraduate and masters studies in finance and accounting in Paris; they were reunited in Madagascar in 2000 and wed the same year. Their marriage produced two boys, Arena (born 2002) and Ilonstoa (born 2003), and a daughter born in 2005 whom the couple named Ilona.</s><s>Media entrepreneur. In 1993, at the age of 19, Rajoelina established his first enterprise: a small event production company called \"Show Business.\" In the following year, he organized an annual concert called \"Live\" that brought together foreign and Malagasy musical artists. The event gathered 50,000 participants on its tenth anniversary. In 1999, he launched Injet, the first digital printing technology company available on the island, which gained quick traction with its expansion of billboard advertising throughout the capital. Following his marriage in 2000, Andry and Mialy Rajoelina acquired Domapub, a competing Antananarivo-based billboard advertising business owned by Andry's in-laws. The couple worked together to manage the family businesses, with Andry responsible for Injet and his wife handling the affairs of Domapub. In May 2007, Andry Rajoelina purchased the \"R"
},
{
"title": "Andry Rajoelina",
"text": "avinala\" television and radio stations, and renamed them \"Viva TV\" and \"Viva FM\".</s><s>Mayor of Antananarivo (2007–2009).</s><s>Mayor of Antananarivo (2007–2009).:Elections. In 2007, Rajoelina created and led the political association \"Tanora malaGasy Vonona\" (TGV), meaning \"determined Malagasy youth\", and shortly afterward announced his candidacy to run for Mayor of Antananarivo. His very young age became a lever to gain a quick popularity throughout the nation (\"\" of politics). Rajoelina was elected on 12 December 2007 with 63.3% of the vote on a 55% voter turnout, beating TIM party incumbent Hery Rafalimanana.</s><s>Mayor of Antananarivo (2007–2009).:Opposition movement against Ravalomanana. The first conflicts between Andry Rajoelina and president Marc Ravalomanana date back to 2003, when the government required the removal of Antananarivo's first Trivision advertising panels, which Rajoelina had installed at a major roundabout in the capital. In November and December 2008, the government became embroiled in two scandals. A July"
},
{
"title": "Andry Rajoelina",
"text": " 2008 deal with Daewoo Logistics to lease half the island's arable land for South Korean cultivation of corn and palm oil, and the November 2008 purchase of a second presidential jet, a Boeing 737, at a cost of US$60 million, which led the World Bank and the IMF to suspend $35 million worth of financial support to the Island. Rajoelina used this to garner support against Ravalomanana's government. Upon taking office, the city's treasury had a debt of 8.2 billion Malagasy Ariary (approximately US$4.6 million). On 4 January 2008, due to unpaid debts to the Jirama, the city of Antananarivo was hit by a general water cutoff, and brownouts of the city's street lights. After an audit, it was found that the Jirama owed about the same amount of money to the City Hall, and the sanction on the city's population was retrieved. On 13 December 2008, the government closed Andry Rajoelina's Viva TV, stating that a Viva interview with exiled former head of state Didier Ratsiraka was \"likely to disturb peace and security\". Within a week Rajoelina met with twenty of Madagascar's most prominent opposition leaders"
},
{
"title": "Andry Rajoelina",
"text": ", referred to in the press as the \"Club of 20\", to develop a joint statement demanding that the Ravalomanana administration improve its adherence to democratic principles. Rajoelina also promised to dedicate a politically open public space in the capital which he would call \"Place de la Démocratie\" (\"Democracy Plaza\"). Beginning in January 2009, Andry Rajoelina led a series of political rallies in downtown Antananarivo. On 13 January, he launched an ultimatum to the government to restore \"Viva TV\". A week later, the transmission failure message of \"Viva TV\" was changed to a still picture of Andry Rajoelina, which led the authorities to seize the channel's transmitter by force. On 17 January, Andry Rajoelina gathered 30,000 supporters at a public park which he renamed \"Place de la Démocratie\" to defy the public executive power of Ravalomanana. At a rally on 31 January 2009, Rajoelina announced that he was in charge of the country's affairs, declaring: \"Since the president and the government have not assumed their responsibilities, I therefore proclaim that I will run all national affairs as of today.\" He added that a request for"
},
{
"title": "Andry Rajoelina",
"text": " President Ravalomanana to formally resign would shortly be filed with the Parliament of Madagascar. This self-declaration of power discredited Rajoelina's democratic aims, and the number of attendees at subsequent rallies declined, averaging around 3,000 to 5,000 participants.</s><s>Mayor of Antananarivo (2007–2009).:Destitution. On 3 February, the Ministry of Domestic Affairs dismissed Rajoelina as mayor of Antananarivo and appointed a special delegation headed by Guy Randrianarisoa to manage the affairs of the capital. Andry Rajoelina contested the decision.</s><s>President of the High Transitional Authority (2009–2014).</s><s>President of the High Transitional Authority (2009–2014).:Resignation of Ravalomanana. On 7 February, Andry Rajoelina organized a new rally during which the leaders of the orange movement declared the constitution of a High Transitional Authority and Andry Rajoelina as its president. The crowd then marched towards the Presidential palace to state its claim to power. The presidential guards opened fire, killing 31 protesters, and wounding more than 200. This massacre dramatically diminished the Presidency's popularity in the crisis, and led to losing its support from the Army which"
},
{
"title": "Andry Rajoelina",
"text": " blamed the President for ordering the shooting. On 6 March, after the Malagasy authorities attempted to arrest him, Andry Rajoelina took refuge in the French embassy. On 10 March, the Army released a 72-hour ultimatum, urging the political leaders to find a solution to the crisis. On 15 March, Ravalomanana went on air to declare a referendum to solve the crisis, an offer refused by Rajoelina who instead called for the President's arrest. The following day, Ravalomanana dissolved the government, resigned, and transferred the Presidential seal to a senior committee of the Army. On 18 March, the Army transferred power directly to Rajoelina, making him president of the High Transitional Authority (HAT). Madagascar's constitutional court deemed the double-transfer of power (Ravalomanana-Army-Rajoelina) to be legal. Rajoelina was sworn in as President on 21 March at Mahamasina stadium before a crowd of 40,000 supporters. He was 35 years of age when sworn in, making him the youngest president in the country's history and the youngest head of government in the world at that time.</s><s>President of the High Transitional Authority (2009–2014)."
},
{
"title": "Andry Rajoelina",
"text": ":Resolution of the political conflict. On 19 March 2009, SADC announced it did not recognize the new government. The African Union described the events as a coup d'état and suspended Madagascar and threatened sanctions if the constitutional government had not been restored within six months. The United States, Madagascar's largest bilateral donor and provider of humanitarian aid, also refused to acknowledge the Rajoelina administration, and ordered all nonessential embassy employees to leave the Island. In August 2009, the historic Presidents of Madagascar (Rajoelina, Ravalomanana, Ratsiraka & Zafy) signed the Maputo Accords, which provided guidelines for a period of consensual political transition. In 11 October 2009, Andry Rajoelina appointed Eugene Malganza as Prime Minister. Further guidelines were defined during the Addis Ababa reunion to split the presidential power with 2 co-presidents. The Malagasy former presidents were authorized to return to the Island, and Rajoelina named a new Prime Minister. In November 2010, a constitutional referendum resulted in the adoption of the state's fourth constitution with 73% in favor and a voter turnout of 52.6%. One change made by the new constitution was to lower the minimum age for presidential candidates from"
},
{
"title": "Andry Rajoelina",
"text": " 40 to 35, making Rajoelina eligible to eventually stand in presidential elections. The new constitution mandated the leader of the High Transitional Authority – the position held by Rajoelina – be kept as interim president until an election could take place, and required presidential candidates to have lived in Madagascar for at least six months prior to the elections, effectively barring Ravalomanana and other opposition leaders living in exile from running in the next election. In June 2010, the EU announced the extension of its $600-million financial aid to Madagascar. In November 2011, his talk at the UN 66th Session of the United Nations General Assembly marked the first major form of international recognition of the Transition government. On 13 May 2011, Andry Rajoelina met with Alain Juppé, the French Minister of Foreign Affairs, and on 7 December 2011 he was officially received by the French President Nicolas Sarkozy. In May 2013, when Ravalomanana's wife announced her candidacy for the 2013 elections, Rajoelina saw it as a breach of contract and reintroduced his own candidacy for the elections. This situation led to the elections to be postponed many times. A special electoral court ruled in August 2013 that the candidatures of Rajoelina, Raval"
},
{
"title": "Andry Rajoelina",
"text": "omanana and Ratsiraka were invalid and not be permitted to run in the 2013 election. Andry Rajoelina then announced his endorsement of presidential candidate Hery Rajaonarimampianina, who won the presidential election race. Andry Rajoelina officially stepped down on 25 January 2014. Rajaonarimampianina set up the MAPAR committee to organize the selection of his cabinet, a process that extended over several months. During this time, Rajoelina sought to be nominated for the position of Prime Minister of Madagascar but Rajaonarimampianina picked Roger Kolo, with the support of the majority in the parliament. On 18 April, a cabinet was announced that comprised 31 members with varied political affiliations.</s><s>President of the High Transitional Authority (2009–2014).:Policies and governance. Upon taking office, Rajoelina dissolved the Senate and Parliament to transfer their powers to his cabinet, the officials of the HAT, and the newly established Council for social and economic strengthening, through which his policies were issued as decrees. Legislative authority rested in practice with Rajoelina and his cabinet, composed of his closest advisers. A military committee established in April increased HAT control"
},
{
"title": "Andry Rajoelina",
"text": " over security and defense policy. The following month, after the suspension of the country's 22 regional governors, the Transitional government strengthened its influence over local government by naming replacements. The National Inquiry Commission (CNME) was established shortly thereafter to strengthen HAT effectiveness in addressing judicial and legal matters. One of Andry Rajoelina's first measures as President was to cancel Ravalomanana's unpopular deal with Daewoo Logistics. On 2 June 2009, Ravalomanana was fined 70 million US dollars (42 million British pounds) and sentenced to four years in prison for alleged abuse of office which, according to HAT Justice Minister Christine Razanamahasoa, included the December 2008 purchase of a second presidential jet (\"Air Force II\") worth $60 million. Rajoelina also pursued legal action against Ravalomanana's company Tiko to reclaim 35 million US dollars in back taxes. Additionally, on 28 August 2010, the HAT sentenced Ravalomanana \"in absentia\" to hard labor for life and issued an arrest warrant for his role in the protests and ensuing deaths. He also rejected Ravalomanana's medium term development strategy, termed the Madagascar Action Plan, and abandoned education reforms initiated by his predecessor that adopted Malag"
},
{
"title": "Andry Rajoelina",
"text": "asy and English as languages of instruction, instead returning to the traditional use of French. Later in 2012, he sold the controversial Boeing 747 bought by his predecessor with public funds. Sanctions and suspension of donor aid amounted to 50% of the national budget and 70% of public investments, which obstructed the government's management of state affairs. Rajoelina occasionally organized events to distribute basic items to the population, including medicines, clothing, house maintenance materials and school supplies. His administration spent billions of ariary to subsidize basic needs like electricity, petrol, and food staples. In 2010, two years after Rajoelina launched the project as mayor of Antananarivo, the HAT completed the reconstruction of the \"Hotel de Ville\" (town hall) of Antananarivo which had been destroyed by arson during the \"rotaka\" political protests of 1972. During this ceremony, Andry Rajoelina announced that 11 December was a new holiday in the Malagasy calendar, and the fourth Constitution of the country was enacted. Through the \"trano mora\" (\"affordable house\") initiative, the HAT built several subsidized housing developments intended for young middle class couples. Numerous other construction projects were planned or completed, including the restoration"
},
{
"title": "Andry Rajoelina",
"text": " of historic staircases in Antananarivo built in the 19th century during the reign of Queen Ranavalona I; the repaving of the heavily traveled road between Toamasina and Foulpointe; the construction of a 15,000-capacity municipal stadium and new town hall in Toamasina; and the construction of a hospital built to international standards in Toamasina.</s><s>2018 presidential campaign. In early August 2018, Andry Rajoelina was the first to register his candidacy for the 2018 presidential elections. He had previously introduced the Initiative for the Emergence of Madagascar (IEM) that define the lines of his campaign program. One campaign promise is to close the Senate to save money and build universities instead. He also aims to increase access to electricity, to work towards agricultural self-sufficiency, and to increase security. The campaign started in October 2018, with Andry Rajoelina facing his historical opponents Ravalomanana and Rajaonarimampianina, the favorites in a campaign of 46 candidates. In the first round of the elections on 7 November, he took the lead with 39.19% (1,949,851) of the votes (Ravalomana 35.29% or 1,"
},
{
"title": "Andry Rajoelina",
"text": "755,855 votes). A televised debate between the two final candidates was aired live on 10 December. Rajoelina won the election with 55.66 % of the votes and was inaugurated on 19 January 2019.</s><s>President of Madagascar (2019–present).</s><s>President of Madagascar (2019–present).:COVID-19 pandemic. In April and May 2020, President Rajoelina gained media attention when he launched an untested COVID-19 \"cure\" dubbed \"Covid-Organics\". The herbal tea was developed by the Madagascar Institute of Applied Research (MIAR) using artemisia and other locally-sourced herbs. The military distributed batches of \"Covid-Organics\" to the public. Drinking the herbal tea was made obligatory in school. Several African countries including Tanzania, Liberia, Equatorial Guinea, and Guinea-Bissau have purchased the herbal tea. Matshidiso Moeti of the Africa regional office of the World Health Organization (WHO) said there was no available proof for the effectiveness of this cure. It had not undergone proper clinical trials and no peer-reviewed data existed. The National Academy of Medicine of Madagascar (ANAMEM) was also skeptical. A WHO advert on Google"
},
{
"title": "Andry Rajoelina",
"text": " said: \"Africans deserve to use medicines tested to the same standards as people in the rest of the world\". The African Union has sought to test the technical efficiency of the herbal tea. On 4 April, Arphine Helisoa (the pseudonym of Arphine Rahelisoa), a publishing director and journalist at the \"Ny Valosoa\" newspaper, was placed in custody awaiting trial charged with spreading fake news after she was accused of criticizing the president's handling of the pandemic and of \"incitement of hatred\" towards President Rajoelina. She was released after a month.</s><s>President of Madagascar (2019–present).:Environment. Rajoelina has blamed climate change for the food insecurity in parts of his country and has called on powerful nations to fight it. During the COP26 meeting in Glasgow, Rajoelina, linked the risks of deforestation and biodiversity in Madagascar, and vowed to protect the forests of Madagascar, while also announcing the use of bioethanol and gas-based stoves in the country to fight the effects of climate change. Rajoelina also pledged more financial aid to protect the aforementioned biodiversity in Madagascar; which represents the world's 5%.</s><s>President of Madagascar (2019–present)."
},
{
"title": "Andry Rajoelina",
"text": ":2021–2022 Madagascar famine. In June 2021, a severe drought caused hundreds of thousands of people, with some estimations claiming more than one million people, to suffer from food insecurity in the south of the country. Rajoelina jointly announced a plan to combat hunger along with US ambassador to the country Michael Pelletier. Among other measures, Rajoelina ordered the distribution of butane gas stoves to replace charcoal as an alternative for people in the poorest areas of the country. The measure reached a total of 15,000 households. Rajoelina has promised to empower women during the famine while stating that the current food crisis in Madagascar is a consequence of a climate crisis which Malagasy people are suffering and in which \"they did not participate\". Rajoelina asked for a \"radical and lasting change\" during an International Development Association summit in Ivory Coast.</s><s>President of Madagascar (2019–present).:2021 assassination plot. On 22 July 2021, police announced they had arrested six people, including foreign nationals, after months of investigation into a plot to kill Rajoelina. The attorney general filed charges against them on different charges. The next day, the attorney general announced that at least one French citizen was among those arrested"
},
{
"title": "Andry Rajoelina",
"text": ", and said that he was a former member of the French Armed Forces. France responded by saying that they were working with consular aid in Madagascar.</s><s>President of Madagascar (2019–present).:Disasters. As president, he suffered two related disasters in December 2021; a large shipwreck and a helicopter crash in which his police minister Serge Gellé was one of the people on board.</s><s>Awards. - 2000: Entrepreneur of the Year by the magazine \"Écho Australe\" which named then-mayor of Antananarivo Marc Ravalomanana their Entrepreneur of the Year in 1999, bestowed the same honor on Rajoelina in 2000. - 2003: Best young entrepreneur in Madagascar by French bank BNI Crédit Lyonnais</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Andry Rajoelina",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Latin America/Africa"
}
|
factscore-000354
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Joseph Kony.
|
[
{
"title": "Joseph Kony",
"text": "<s>Joseph Kony Joseph Rao Kony (born c. 1961) is a Ugandan militant who founded the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), a Christian fundamentalist organization, designated as a terrorist group by the United Nations Peacekeepers, the European Union and various other governments. An Acholi, Kony was born into a middle-class family. Kony's father Luizi Obol and his mother Nora Oting were both farmers. Kony dropped out of school at a young age. In 1987, he formed the Lord's Resistance Army. Kony declared a military offensive in Uganda, aiming to overthrow Yoweri Museveni's Ugandan government and establish a theocratic state based on the dominion theology. After Kony's terror activities, he was banished from Uganda, and shifted to South Sudan. Kony described himself as a freedom fighter, struggling for a Christian Uganda. Kony has long been one of Africa's most notorious warlords. He is currently one of the most wanted African militants as well. He has been accused by government entities of ordering the abduction of children to become child soldiers and sex slaves. Approximately 66,000 children became soldiers, and 2 million people were displaced internally from 1986 to 2009 by his forces. Kony was indicted"
},
{
"title": "Joseph Kony",
"text": " in 2005 for war crimes and crimes against humanity by the International Criminal Court (ICC) in The Hague, but he has evaded capture. He has been subject to an Interpol Red Notice at the request of the ICC since 2006. Since the Juba peace talks in 2006, the Lord's Resistance Army no longer operates in Uganda. Sources claim that they are in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), the Central African Republic (CAR), or South Sudan. In 2013, Kony was reported to be in poor health, and Michel Djotodia, president of the CAR, claimed he was negotiating with Kony to surrender., Kony was still at large, but his force was reported to have shrunk to approximately 100 soldiers, down from an estimated high of 3,000. Both the United States and Uganda ended the hunt for Kony and the LRA, believing that the LRA was no longer a significant security risk to Uganda.</s><s>Biography.</s><s>Biography.:Early life. Kony was likely born in 1961, in Odek, a village east of Gulu in northern Uganda, to farmers Luizi Obol and Nora Oting. He is a member of the Acholi people. He was either the"
},
{
"title": "Joseph Kony",
"text": " youngest or second youngest of six children in the family. Kony enjoyed a good relationship with his siblings, but was quick to retaliate in a dispute and when confronted would often resort to physical violence. His father was a lay catechist of the Catholic Church, and his mother was an Anglican. His older sister, Gabriela Lakot, still lives in Odek. Kony never finished elementary school. He was an altar boy until 1976. He dropped out of school at age 15.</s><s>Biography.:Rebel leader. In 1995, Kony rose to prominence in Acholiland after the Holy Spirit Movement of Alice Auma (also known as Lakwena and to whom Kony is believed to be related). The overthrow of Acholi President Tito Okello by Yoweri Museveni and his National Resistance Army (NRA) during the Ugandan Bush War (1981–1986) had culminated in mass looting of livestock, rape, burning of homes, genocide, and murder by Museveni's army. The acts committed by the Museveni's NRA, now known as the Uganda People's Defence Force, led to the creation of the LRA by Joseph Kony. The insurgencies gave rise to concentration camps in northern Uganda"
},
{
"title": "Joseph Kony",
"text": " where over 2 million people were confined. The government burned people's properties using helicopter gunships, killing many. There were forced displacements in the northern region. International campaigns called for all camps to be dismantled, and for the people to return to their former villages. In 2006, in the Juba peace talks with the LRA rebels, Museveni's government gave permission for the local people to return to their villages. This marked the beginning of the rehabilitation of homes, roads, and so on.</s><s>Biography.:Lord's Resistance Army. Kony has been implicated in abduction and recruitment of child soldiers. The LRA have had battle confrontations with the government's NRA or UPDF within Uganda and in South Sudan for ten years. In 2008 the Ugandan army invaded the DRC in search for the LRA in Operation Lightning Thunder. In November 2013, Kony was reported to be in poor health in the eastern CAR town of Nzoka. Looking back at the LRA's campaign of violence, \"The Guardian\" stated in 2015 that Kony's forces had been responsible for the deaths of over 100,000 and the abduction of at least 60,000 children. Various atrocities committed include raping young girls and abducting them for use as sex slaves."
},
{
"title": "Joseph Kony",
"text": " The actual number of LRA militia members has varied significantly over the years, reaching as high as 3000 soldiers. By 2017, the organization's membership had shrunk significantly to an estimated 100 soldiers. In April 2017, both the US and Ugandan governments ended efforts to find Kony and fight the LRA, stating that the LRA no longer posed a significant security risk to Uganda. While initially purporting to fight against government oppression, the LRA allegedly turned against Kony's own supporters, supposedly to \"purify\" the Acholi people and turn Uganda into a theocracy. Kony proclaims himself the spokesperson of God and a spirit medium and claims he is visited by a multinational host of 13 spirits, including a Chinese phantom. Ideologically, the group is a syncretic mix of mysticism, Acholi nationalism, and heterodox Christian fundamentalism, and claims to be establishing a theocratic state based on the Ten Commandments and local Acholi tradition.</s><s>Biography.:Indictment. In October 2006, the ICC announced that arrest warrants had been issued for five members of the Lord's Resistance Army for crimes against humanity following a sealed indictment. On the next day, Ugandan defense minister Amama Mbabazi revealed that the warrants include Kony,"
},
{
"title": "Joseph Kony",
"text": " his deputy Vincent Otti, and LRA commanders Raska Lukwiya, Okot Odhiambo, and Dominic Ongwen. The Ugandan army killed Lukwiya on 12 August 2006. The BBC received information that Otti had been killed on 2 October 2007, at Kony's home. In November 2006, Kony met Jan Egeland, the UN Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator. Journeyman Pictures released a 2006 interview with Kony in which he proclaims: \"I am a freedom fighter, not a terrorist.\" He told Reuters: \"We don't have any children. We only have combatants.\"</s><s>Religious beliefs. Kony's followers, as well as some detractors, believe he is possessed by spirits. Kony tells his child soldiers that a cross on their chest drawn in oil will protect them from bullets. He is a proponent of polygamy, and is thought to have had 60 wives, and to have fathered 42 children. Kony insists that he and the LRA are fighting for the Ten Commandments, and defended his actions in an interview, saying, \"Is it bad? It is not against human rights. And that commandment was not given by Joseph. It was not given by"
},
{
"title": "Joseph Kony",
"text": " LRA. No, those commandments were given by God.\" Ugandan political leader Betty Bigombe recalled that Kony and his followers used oil to ward off bullets and evil spirits. Kony believes himself to be a spirit medium. In 2008, responding to a request by Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni to engage in peace talks via telephone, he said, \"I will communicate with Museveni through the holy spirits and not through the telephone.\" During peace talks in 1994, Kony was preceded by men in robes sprinkling holy water. According to Francis Ongom, a former LRA officer who defected, Kony \"has found Bible justifications for killing witches, for killing [those who farm or eat] pigs because of the story of the Gadarene swine, and for killing [other] people because God did the same with Noah's flood and Sodom and Gomorrah.\"</s><s>Action against Kony.</s><s>Action against Kony.:Uganda. Before the insurgency, he escaped in 1989 to Uganda. He was later captured by the Ugandan government. He was released in 1992 after the government no longer viewed him as a threat. The Ugandan military has attempted to kill Kony throughout the insurgency. In"
},
{
"title": "Joseph Kony",
"text": " Uganda's attempt to track down Kony, former LRA combatants have been enlisted to search remote areas of the CAR, Sudan, and the DRC where he was last seen.</s><s>Action against Kony.:United States. After the September 11 attacks, the United States designated the LRA as a terrorist group. In August 2008, the US Department of State declared Joseph Kony a Specially Designated Global Terrorist pursuant to Executive Order 13224, a designation that carries financial and other penalties. In November 2008, U.S. President George W. Bush signed the directive to the United States Africa Command to provide financial and logistical assistance to the Ugandan government during the unsuccessful 2008–2009 Garamba offensive, code-named \"Operation Lightning Thunder\". No U.S. troops were directly involved. 17 U.S. advisers and analysts provided intelligence, equipment, and fuel to Ugandan military counterparts. The offensive pushed Kony from his jungle camp, but he was not captured. One hundred children were rescued. In May 2010, U.S. President Barack Obama signed into law the Lord's Resistance Army Disarmament and Northern Uganda Recovery Act, legislation aimed at stopping Kony and the LRA. The bill passed unanimously in the United States Senate on 11 March"
},
{
"title": "Joseph Kony",
"text": ". On 12 May 2010, a motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill was agreed to by voice vote (two-thirds being in the affirmative) in the House of Representatives. In November 2010, President Obama delivered a strategy document to Congress asking for more funding to disarm Kony and the LRA. In October 2011, President Obama authorized the deployment of approximately 100 combat-equipped U.S. troops to central Africa. Their goal is to help regional forces remove Kony and senior LRA leaders from the battlefield. In a letter to Congress, Obama stated: \"Although the U.S. forces are combat-equipped, they will only be providing information, advice, and assistance to partner nation forces, and they will not themselves engage LRA forces unless necessary for self-defense\". On 3 April 2013, the Obama administration offered rewards of up to US$5 million for information leading to the arrest, transfer, or conviction of Kony, Ongwen, and Odhiambo. On 24 March 2014, the U.S. announced they would deploy at least four CV-22 Ospreys and refuelling planes, and 150 Air Force special forces personnel to assist in the capture of Kony.</s><s>Action against Kony.:African Union. On"
},
{
"title": "Joseph Kony",
"text": " 23 March 2012, the African Union announced its intentions to \"send 5,000 soldiers to join the hunt for rebel leader Joseph Kony\" and to \"neutralize\" him while isolating the scattered LRA groups responsible for 2,600 civilian killings since 2008. This international task force was stated to include soldiers \"from Uganda, South Sudan, Central African Republic and Congo, countries where Kony's reign of terror has been felt over the years.\" Prior to this announcement, the hunt for Kony had primarily been carried out by troops from Uganda. The soldiers began their search in South Sudan on 24 March 2012, and the search \"will last until Kony is caught\".</s><s>Action against Kony.:\"Kony 2012\". Joseph Kony and the LRA received a surge of attention in early March 2012, when a 30-minute documentary titled \"Kony 2012\" by US filmmaker Jason Russell for the campaign group Invisible Children, Inc. was released. The intention of the production was to draw attention to Kony in an effort to increase US involvement in the issue and have Kony arrested by the end of 2012. A poll suggested that more than half of young adult Americans heard about \"Kony 2012\" in the days following the video's release. Several weeks after"
},
{
"title": "Joseph Kony",
"text": " the release of the video, a resolution condemning Kony and supporting US assistance fighting the LRA was introduced in the US Senate, passing several months later. \"Kony 2012\" has been criticized for simplifying the history of the LRA conflict, and for failing to note that Kony was already pushed out of Uganda six years before the film was made.</s><s>Action against Kony.:Surrender of Ongwen. Dominic Ongwen served as a key member of the LRA and constituted one of Kony's senior aides in the organization. Kidnapped as a child, he became a soldier in the LRA, then rose through the organization's hierarchy. Ongwen surrendered himself to representatives of the CAR in January 2015, which was a major blow to Kony's group. Ugandan army spokesman Paddy Ankunda stated that the event \"puts the LRA in the most vulnerable position\" and that it \"is only Kony left standing\". Of the five LRA commanders charged by the ICC in 2004, only Kony remained at large at that time. With only a few hundred fighters remaining loyal to him, it was mistakenly thought that he would be unable to evade capture for much longer. In February 2021, Ongwen was convicted by the International Criminal Court"
},
{
"title": "Joseph Kony",
"text": " of 61 counts of crimes against humanity and war crimes.</s><s>Action against Kony.:LRA neutralization and U.S. stand-down. In April 2017, Ugandan and US military forces ended their hunt for Kony and his group, with a Ugandan spokesperson stating that \"the LRA no longer poses a threat to us as Uganda\". At that time, his force was estimated to have shrunk to around 100 soldiers.</s><s>Action against Kony.:Current Whereabouts. As of 2022, Kony is believed to be hiding in the Darfur region of Sudan where he continues to give orders to his fighters. He was previously provided with armed and logistical support from former president Omar al Bashir.</s><s>See also. - International Criminal Court investigations - Lord's Resistance Army insurgency - List of fugitives from justice who disappeared - Child soldiers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo</s><s>Bibliography. - - -</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Joseph Kony",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Latin America/Africa"
}
|
factscore-000355
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Diego Godín.
|
[
{
"title": "Diego Godín",
"text": "<s>Diego Godín Diego Roberto Godín Leal (born 16 February 1986) is a Uruguayan professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Argentine Primera División club Vélez Sarsfield and captains the Uruguay national team. Regarded as one of the best defenders of his generation, he started his professional career with Cerro and three years later was transferred to Primera División side Nacional. He since spent most of his professional career in Spain, representing Villarreal and Atlético Madrid and winning eight titles with the latter club, including the La Liga title in the 2013–14 season. He also played in Italy with Inter Milan and Cagliari, and in Brazil with Atlético Mineiro. A Uruguay international since 2005, Godín is the country's all-time most-capped player. He represented the national side at four World Cups and six Copa América tournaments, winning the 2011 edition of the latter competition.</s><s>Early life. Godín was born in Rosario to Julio Godín and Iris Leal. Aged 4, during a family gathering, he nearly drowned after trying to catch fish in a river, but eventually swam to shore without the help of anybody."
},
{
"title": "Diego Godín",
"text": "</s><s>Club career.</s><s>Club career.:Uruguay and Villarreal. Godín started his professional career with Cerro at the age of 17. After his good performances, he was transferred to Primera División powerhouse Nacional, where he quickly became captain due to his maturity and professionalism. In August 2007, Godín signed a five-year deal with La Liga side Villarreal, scoring in just his second game, a 3–2 away loss against Osasuna on 7 October, and participating in 24 matches in their best league placement ever (second). He consolidated his starting position in the subsequent seasons, mostly partnering Argentine Gonzalo Rodríguez in the heart of the back four.</s><s>Club career.:Atlético Madrid. On 4 August 2010, after experiencing his best season at Villarreal – 36 games, three goals – Godín joined Atlético Madrid on a five-year contract, after the two clubs agreed an initial fee believed to be around €8 million or £6.6 million. He made his official debut for the \"Colchoneros\" on the 27th, playing the entire 2–0 win against Inter Milan in the UEFA Super Cup. Godín signed a new contract"
},
{
"title": "Diego Godín",
"text": " with Atlético on 1 November 2013, keeping him at the club until 2018. He scored four league goals during the campaign, including one on the last matchday on 17 May 2014 against Barcelona which equalised the game at 1–1 to earn his team its first league title in 18 years. A week later, again through a header, he repeated the feat in the final of the UEFA Champions League to put his team ahead, but Real Madrid eventually won 4–1. In 2015, Godín rejected a transfer to Manchester City, managed by his former Villarreal boss Manuel Pellegrini. On 28 October 2017 he became the foreign player with most appearances for the club, surpassing fellow stopper Luis Perea after his 315th against Villarreal; he was nominated for the 2016 and 2018 Ballon d'Or awards. On 20 February 2019, Godín scored the second goal in 2–0 home victory over Juventus in the Champions League round of 16. On 7 May, the 33-year-old announced he would be departing the Metropolitano Stadium after a nine-year tenure and, on 1 June, he symbolically handed over the captain armband to Koke in the 1–1 draw against Sevilla.</s><s>Club"
},
{
"title": "Diego Godín",
"text": " career.:Inter Milan. On 1 July 2019, Inter Milan announced they had signed Godín for free on a three-year deal. It was reported that he had already agreed to a pre-contract the previous January. He made his debut in Serie A on 1 September, coming on for Antonio Candreva for the final 11 minutes of a 2–1 win at Cagliari. In a season in which Inter finished one point behind champions Juventus, Godín scored his first \"Nerazzurri\" goal on 13 July 2020 in a 3–1 home victory over Torino. On 21 August he equalised against Sevilla in the 2020 UEFA Europa League Final in Cologne, a 3–2 loss for his side; only five other men had scored in the finals of European football's two top tournaments.</s><s>Club career.:Cagliari. On 24 September 2020, Godín joined Cagliari on a three-year contract. He played his first match for them on 4 October, in a 5–2 away defeat to Atalanta where he also scored. Godín left on 12 January 2022 by mutual agreement.</s><s>Club career.:Atlético Mineiro. On 12 January 2022, the 36-year-old Godín"
},
{
"title": "Diego Godín",
"text": " agreed to a one-year deal with Atlético Mineiro. He scored on his debut on 6 February, a 3–0 win over Patrocinense in the Campeonato Mineiro. On 20 February, he started in the 2022 Supercopa do Brasil which Atlético won after beating Flamengo in a penalty shootout. In April 2022, Godín said that one of the reasons for which he had returned to South American football was to play the Copa Libertadores, his return marking the first time he appeared in the tournament after a 15-year hiatus. On 20 June, after failing to break into the starting team and aiming to play at the upcoming World Cup for Uruguay, he announced his departure in mutual terms.</s><s>Club career.:Vélez Sarsfield. On 21 June 2022, Godín joined Vélez Sarsfield on a one-and-a-half year contract.</s><s>International career. In 2005, at the age of 19, Godín made his debut for Uruguay in a friendly defeat against Mexico in Guadalajara. His first international goal came in another exhibition game, with Serbia and Montenegro in May 2006. He represented the nation at the 2007 Copa América"
},
{
"title": "Diego Godín",
"text": ", playing in the opening 0–3 defeat to Peru before losing his place to Andrés Scotti in Uruguay's run to fourth place. Godín was selected for the squad at the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa. He started in the opening match against France (0–0) in Cape Town, and played in a further four matches for the eventual semi-finalists. In 2011, Godín featured in Uruguay's successful 2011 Copa América campaign, making one appearance as a late substitute in a 3–0 defeat of Paraguay in the final after being bedridden for several days with a virus. He also participated in the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup, partnering Diego Lugano in defence in four of the team's five matches as they reached the semi-finals. Godín was selected by coach Óscar Tabárez for the 2014 World Cup and captained the team in three of their four games due to Lugano's absence through injury. On 24 June, he headed the only goal against Italy in the final group fixture, sending the country through to the knockout stage. In May 2015, Godín was named as captain for Uruguay's defence of the Copa América during the 2015 continental tournament in Chile. He was also picked for"
},
{
"title": "Diego Godín",
"text": " the Copa América Centenario squad, heading home from a Carlos Sánchez long cross in the opener against Mexico where both teams ended with ten players (1–3 loss). He won his 100th cap in the following match, a 0–1 defeat to Venezuela at the Lincoln Financial Field. Godín was also selected for the 2018 World Cup. The following 25 March, at the 2019 China Cup, he made his 126th appearance against Thailand, surpassing Maxi Pereira as the most capped player in the national team's history. In June 2019, Godín skippered the team to the quarter-finals of the Copa América in Brazil. He repeated the feat two years later, in the same country. He played the full 90 minutes of his 150th cap on 10 October 2021, a 3–0 loss away to Argentina in 2022 World Cup qualification.</s><s>Style of play. Despite his lack of pace or significant athleticism, Godín was regarded by pundits as one of the best and most consistent defenders in the world, and as one of the leading centre-backs of his generation. During the 2018 World Cup, Jack Watson of \"The Independent\" described him as \"the best central defender in the world.\" An intelligent centre"
},
{
"title": "Diego Godín",
"text": "-back, Godín was mainly known for his leadership, positioning and calm composure, which allowed him to organise his back-line, read the game and anticipate plays. Aggressive, competitive and physical, he was also known for his aerial ability and his capacity to time his jumps effectively, which enabled him to defend high balls, score goals with his head on set pieces, and beat out larger players to the ball in the air. Godín also stood out for his capacity to time his challenges, make blocks, interceptions and win the ball. Moreover, he was strong in one–on-one situations as his defensive positioning often allowed opposition players little time or space on the ball. In addition to his defensive skills, he was also known for his technique, ball–playing ability and capacity to carry the ball out from the defence, which allowed him start plays from the back and create chances for teammates.</s><s>Personal life. Godín married Sofia, daughter of José Herrera, a Uruguayan international who played in Serie A for Cagliari alongside compatriot Enzo Francescoli. He is close friends with Antoine Griezmann, who played with him at Atlético Madrid. During the 2018 World Cup quarter-finals match against France, the"
},
{
"title": "Diego Godín",
"text": " latter did not celebrate his goal out of respect for the former and also club teammate José María Giménez; Godín is also godfather to Griezmann's daughter.</s><s>Career statistics.</s><s>Career statistics.:Club.</s><s>Career statistics.:International.</s><s>Honours. Atlético Madrid - La Liga: 2013–14 - Copa del Rey: 2012–13 - Supercopa de España: 2014 - UEFA Europa League: 2011–12, 2017–18 - UEFA Super Cup: 2010, 2012, 2018 - UEFA Champions League runner-up: 2013–14, 2015–16 Inter Milan - UEFA Europa League runner-up: 2019–20 Atlético Mineiro - Supercopa do Brasil: 2022 - Campeonato Mineiro: 2022 Uruguay - Copa América: 2011 - China Cup: 2018, 2019 Individual - La Liga Player of the Month: April 2014, May 2014 - La Liga Team of the Season: 2013–14, 2015–16 - UEFA Champions League Squad of the Season: 2013–14, 2015–16, 2016–17 - UEFA Team of the Year: 2014 - UEFA Champions League Team of the Group Stage: 2015 - La Liga Best"
},
{
"title": "Diego Godín",
"text": " Defender: 2015–16 - UEFA La Liga Team of the Season: 2015–16 - European Sports Media Team of the Year: 2015–16 - UEFA Europa League Squad of the Season: 2017–18 - FIFA World Cup Dream Team: 2018 - IFFHS Men's World Team: 2018</s><s>See also. - List of footballers with 100 or more caps</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Diego Godín",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Latin America/Africa"
}
|
factscore-000356
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Ayman al-Zawahiri.
|
[
{
"title": "Ayman al-Zawahiri",
"text": "<s>Ayman al-Zawahiri Ayman Mohammed Rabie al-Zawahiri (); June 19, 1951 – July 31, 2022) was an Egyptian-born terrorist and physician who served as the second emir of al-Qaeda from June 16, 2011, until his death on July 31, 2022. Al-Zawahiri graduated from Cairo University with a degree in medicine and a master's degree in surgery and was a surgeon by profession. He became a leading figure in the Egyptian Islamic Jihad, an Egyptian Islamist organization, and eventually attained the rank of emir. He was imprisoned from 1981 to 1984 for his role in the assassination of Egyptian President Anwar Sadat. His actions against the Egyptian government, including his planning of the 1995 attack on the Egyptian Embassy in Pakistan, resulted in him being sentenced to death \"in absentia\" during the 1999 \"Returnees from Albania\" trial. A close associate of al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden, al-Zawahiri held significant sway over the group's operations. Al-Zawahiri was wanted by the United States and the United Nations, respectively, for his role in the 1998 U.S. embassy bombings in Kenya and Tanzania and in the 2002 Bali bombings. He merged"
},
{
"title": "Ayman al-Zawahiri",
"text": " the Egyptian Islamic Jihad with al-Qaeda in 2001 and formally became bin Laden's deputy in 2004. He succeeded bin Laden as al-Qaeda's leader after bin Laden's death in 2011. In May 2011, the U.S. announced a $25 million bounty for information leading to his capture. On July 31, 2022, al-Zawahiri was killed in a U.S. drone strike in Afghanistan.</s><s>Personal life.</s><s>Personal life.:Early life. Ayman al-Zawahiri was born June 19, 1951, in Giza, in what was then the Kingdom of Egypt, to Mohammed Rabie al-Zawahiri and Umayma Azzam. \"The New York Times\" in 2001 described al-Zawahiri as coming from \"a prosperous and prestigious family that gives him a pedigree grounded firmly in both religion and politics\". Al-Zawahiri's parents both came from prosperous families. Al-Zawahiri's father, Mohammed Rabie al-Zawahiri, came from a large family of doctors and scholars from Kafr Ash Sheikh Dhawahri, Sharqia, in which one of his grandfathers was Sheikh Muhammad al-Ahmadi al-Zaw"
},
{
"title": "Ayman al-Zawahiri",
"text": "ahiri (1887–1944) who was the 34th Grand Imam of al-Azhar. Mohammed Rabie became a surgeon and a professor of pharmacy at Cairo University. Ayman Al-Zawahiri's mother, Umayma Azzam, came from a wealthy, politically active clan, the daughter of Abdel-Wahhab Azzam, a literary scholar who served as the president of Cairo University, the founder and inaugural rector of the King Saud University (the first university in Saudi Arabia) as well as ambassador to Pakistan, while his own brother was Azzam Pasha, the founding secretary-general of the Arab League (1945–1952). From his maternal side yet another relative was Salem Azzam, an Islamist intellectual and activist, for a time secretary-general of the \"Islamic Council of Europe\" based in London. The wealthy and prestigious family is also linked to the Red Sea Harbi tribe in Zawahir, a small town in Saudi Arabia, located in the Badr. He also has a maternal link to the house of Saud: Muna, the daughter of Azzam Pasha (his maternal great-uncle), is married to Mohammed bin Faisal Al Saud, the son of the"
},
{
"title": "Ayman al-Zawahiri",
"text": " late King Faisal. Ayman Al-Zawahiri said that he has a deep affection for his mother. Her brother, Mahfouz Azzam, became a role model for him as a teenager. He has a younger brother, Muhammad al-Zawahiri, and a twin sister, Heba Mohamed al-Zawahiri. Heba became a professor of medical oncology at the National Cancer Institute, Cairo University. She described her brother as \"silent and shy\". Muhammad was sentenced on charges of undergoing military training in Albania in 1998. He was arrested in the UAE in 1999, and sentenced to death in 1999 after being extradited to Egypt. He was held in Tora Prison in Cairo as a political detainee. Security officials said he was the head of the Special Action Committee of Islamic Jihad, which organized terrorist operations. After the Egyptian popular uprising in the spring of 2011, on March 17, 2011, he was released from prison by the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces, the interim government of Egypt. His lawyer said he had been held to extract information about his brother Ayman al-Zawahiri. On March 20, 2011, he was re-arrested. On August 17, 2013, Egyptian"
},
{
"title": "Ayman al-Zawahiri",
"text": " authorities arrested Muhammad al-Zawahiri at his home in Giza. He was acquitted in 2017.</s><s>Personal life.:Early life.:Youth. Ayman al-Zawahiri was reportedly a studious youth. He excelled in school, loved poetry, and \"hated violent sports\", which he thought were \"inhumane.\" Al-Zawahiri studied medicine at Cairo University and graduated in 1974 with \"gayyid giddan\", or roughly on par with a grade of \"B\" in the American grading system. Following that, he served 1974–1978 as a surgeon in the Egyptian Army after which he established a clinic near his parents in Maadi. In 1978, he also earned a master's degree in surgery. He spoke Arabic, English, and French. Al-Zawahiri participated in youth activism as a student. He became both quite pious and political, under the influence of his uncle Mahfouz Azzam, and lecturer Mostafa Kamel Wasfi. Sayyid Qutb preached that to restore Islam and free Muslims, a vanguard of true Muslims modeling itself after the original Companions of the Prophet had to be developed. Ayman al-Zawahiri was influenced by Q"
},
{
"title": "Ayman al-Zawahiri",
"text": "utb's Manichaean views on Islamic theology and Islamic history.</s><s>Personal life.:Early life.:Underground cell. By the age of 15, al-Zawahiri had formed an underground cell with the goal to overthrow the government and establish an Islamist state. The following year the Egyptian government executed Sayyid Qutb for conspiracy. Following the execution, al-Zawahiri, along with four other secondary school students, helped form an \"underground cell devoted to overthrowing the government and establishing an Islamist state.\" It was at this early age that al-Zawahiri developed a mission in life, \"to put Qutb's vision into action.\" His cell eventually merged with others to form al-Jihad or Egyptian Islamic Jihad.</s><s>Personal life.:Marriages and children. Ayman al-Zawahiri was married at least four times. His wives include Azza Ahmed Nowari and Umaima Hassan. In 1978, al-Zawahiri married his first wife, Azza Ahmed Nowari, a student at Cairo University who was studying philosophy. Their wedding, which was held at the Continental Hotel in Opera Square, was very conservative, with separate areas for both men and women, and no"
},
{
"title": "Ayman al-Zawahiri",
"text": " music, photographs, or gaiety in general. Many years later, when the United States attacked Afghanistan following the September 11 attacks in October 2001, Azza apparently had no idea that al-Zawahiri had supposedly been a jihadi emir (commander) for the last decade. Al-Zawahiri and his wife, Azza, had four daughters, Fatima (born 1981), Umayma (born 1983), Nabila (born 1986), and Khadiga (born 1987), and a son, Mohammed (also born in 1987; the twin brother of Khadiga), who was a \"delicate, well-mannered boy\" and \"the pet of his older sisters,\" subject to teasing and bullying in a traditionally all-male environment, who preferred to \"stay at home and help his mother.\" In 1997, ten years after the birth of Mohammed, Azza gave birth to their fifth daughter, Aisha, who had Down syndrome. In February 2004, Abu Zubaydah was waterboarded and subsequently stated that Abu Turab Al-Urduni had married one of al-Zawahiri's daughters. Ayman al-Zawahiri's first wife Azza and two of their six children, Mohammad"
},
{
"title": "Ayman al-Zawahiri",
"text": " and Aisha, were killed in an airstrike on Afghanistan by US forces in late December 2001, following the September 11 attacks on the U.S. After an American aerial bombardment of a Taliban-controlled building at Gardez, Azza was pinned under the debris of a guesthouse roof. Concerned for her modesty, she \"refused to be excavated\" because \"men would see her face\" and she died from her injuries the following day. Her son, Mohammad, was also killed outright in the same house. Her four-year-old daughter with Down syndrome, Aisha, had not been hurt by the bombing, but died from exposure in the cold night while Afghan rescuers tried to save Azza. In the first half of 2005, one of Al-Zawahiri's three surviving wives gave birth to a daughter, named Nawwar. In June 2012, one of al-Zawahiri's four wives, Umaima Hassan, released a statement on the internet congratulating the role played by Muslim women in the Arab Spring. She is also known to have written a leaflet explaining women's role in jihad.</s><s>Medical career. In 1981, Ayman al-Zawahiri traveled to Peshawar, Pakistan, where he"
},
{
"title": "Ayman al-Zawahiri",
"text": " worked in a Red Crescent hospital treating wounded refugees. There, he became friends with Ahmed Khadr, and the two shared a number of conversations about the need for Islamic government and the needs of the Afghan people. Ayman al-Zawahiri worked as a surgeon. In 1985, al-Zawahiri went to Saudi Arabia on Hajj and stayed to practice medicine in Jeddah for a year. As a reportedly qualified surgeon, when his organization merged with bin Laden's al-Qaeda, he became bin Laden's personal advisor and physician. He had first met bin Laden in Jeddah in 1986. According to other sources, they met the first time in 1986 at a hospital in Peshawar. In 1993, al-Zawahiri traveled to the United States, where he addressed several mosques in California under his \"Abdul Mu'iz\" pseudonym, relying on his credentials from the Kuwaiti Red Crescent to raise money for Afghan children who had been injured by Soviet land mines—he raised only $2000.</s><s>Militant activity.</s><s>Militant activity.:Assassination plots.</s><s>Militant activity.:Assassination plots.:Egypt. In 1981, Al-Zawahiri was one of hundreds arrested"
},
{
"title": "Ayman al-Zawahiri",
"text": " following the assassination of President Anwar Sadat. Initially, the plan was derailed when authorities were alerted to Al-Jihad's plan by the arrest of an operative carrying crucial information, in February 1981. President Sadat ordered the roundup of more than 1,500 people, including many Al-Jihad members, but missed a cell in the military led by Lieutenant Khalid Islambouli, who succeeded in assassinating Sadat during a military parade that October. His lawyer, Montasser el-Zayat, said that al-Zawahiri was tortured in prison. In his book, \"Al-Zawahiri as I Knew Him\", Al-Zayat maintains that under torture by the Egyptian police, following his arrest in connection with the murder of Sadat in 1981, Al-Zawahiri revealed the hiding place of Essam al-Qamari, a key member of the Maadi cell of al-Jihad, which led to Al-Qamari's \"arrest and eventual execution.\" Cited in He was released from prison in 1984. In 1993, al-Zawahiri's and Egyptian Islamic Jihad's (EIJ) connection with Iran may have led to a suicide bombing in an attempt on"
},
{
"title": "Ayman al-Zawahiri",
"text": " the life of Egyptian Interior Minister Hasan al-Alfi, the man heading the effort to quash the campaign of Islamist killings in Egypt. It failed, as did an attempt to assassinate Egyptian prime minister Atef Sidqi three months later. The bombing of Sidqi's car injured 21 Egyptians and killed a schoolgirl, Shayma Abdel-Halim. It followed two years of killings by another Islamist group, al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya, that had killed over 200 people. Her funeral became a public spectacle, with her coffin carried through the streets of Cairo and crowds shouting, \"Terrorism is the enemy of God!\" The police arrested 280 more of al-Jihad's members and executed six. For their leading role in anti-Egyptian Government attacks in the 1990s, al-Zawahiri and his brother Muhammad al-Zawahiri were sentenced to death in the 1999 Egyptian case of the Returnees from Albania.</s><s>Militant activity.:Assassination plots.:Pakistan. The 1995 attack on the Egyptian embassy in Islamabad, Pakistan, was carried out by the Egyptian Islamic Jihad under al-Zawahiri's leadership, but Bin Laden had disapproved of the operation. The bombing alienated Pakistan, which"
},
{
"title": "Ayman al-Zawahiri",
"text": " was \"the best route into Afghanistan\". In July 2007, Al-Zawahiri supplied direction for the Lal Masjid siege, codename Operation Silence. This was the first confirmed time that Al-Zawahiri was taking militant steps against the Pakistani Government and guiding Islamic militants against the State of Pakistan. The Pakistan Army troops and Special Service Group taking control of the Lal Masjid (\"Red Mosque\") in Islamabad found letters from al-Zawahiri directing Islamic militants Abdul Rashid Ghazi and Abdul Aziz Ghazi, who ran the mosque and adjacent madrasah. This conflict resulted in 100 deaths. On December 27, 2007, al-Zawahiri was also implicated in the assassination of former Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto.</s><s>Militant activity.:Assassination plots.:Sudan. In 1994, the sons of Ahmad Salama Mabruk and Mohammed Sharaf were executed under al-Zawahiri's leadership for betraying Egyptian Islamic Jihad; the militants were ordered to leave the Sudan.</s><s>Militant activity.:Assassination plots.:United States. In 1998, Ayman al-Zawahiri was listed as under indictment in the United States for his role in"
},
{
"title": "Ayman al-Zawahiri",
"text": " the 1998 U.S. embassy bombings: a series of attacks on August 7, 1998, in which hundreds of people were killed in simultaneous truck bomb explosions at the United States embassies in the major East African cities of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and Nairobi, Kenya. In 2000, the USS \"Cole\" bombing encouraged several members to depart. Mohammed Atef escaped to Kandahar, al-Zawahiri to Kabul, and Bin Laden also fled to Kabul, later joining Atef when he realised no American reprisal attacks were forthcoming. On October 10, 2001, al-Zawahiri appeared on the initial list of the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation's top 22 Most Wanted Terrorists, which was released to the public by U.S. President George W. Bush. In early November 2001, the Taliban government announced they were bestowing official Afghan citizenship on him, as well as Bin Laden, Mohammed Atef, Saif al-Adl, and Shaykh Asim Abdulrahman.</s><s>Militant activity.:Organizations.</s><s>Militant activity.:Organizations.:Egyptian Islamic Jihad. Al-Zawahiri began reconstituting the Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ"
},
{
"title": "Ayman al-Zawahiri",
"text": ") along with other exiled militants. In Peshwar, al-Zawahiri was thought to have become radicalized by other Al-Jihad members, abandoning his old strategy of a swift coup d'état to change society from above, and embracing the idea of takfir. In 1991, EIJ broke with al-Zumur, and al-Zawahiri grabbed \"the reins of power\" to become EIJ leader. Ayman al-Zawahiri was previously the second and last \"emir\" of the Egyptian Islamic Jihad, having succeeded Abbud al-Zumar in the latter role when Egyptian authorities sentenced al-Zumar to life imprisonment. Ayman al-Zawahiri eventually became one of Egyptian Islamic Jihad's leading organizers and recruiters. Al-Zawahiri's hope was to recruit military officers and accumulate weapons, waiting for the right moment to launch \"a complete overthrow of the existing order.\" Chief strategist of Al-Jihad was Aboud al-Zumar, a colonel in the military intelligence whose plan was to kill the main leaders of the country, capture the headquarters of the army and State Security, the telephone exchange building, and of course the radio and television building, where news"
},
{
"title": "Ayman al-Zawahiri",
"text": " of the Islamic revolution would then be broadcast, unleashing – he expected – \"a popular uprising against secular authority all over the country.\"</s><s>Militant activity.:Organizations.:Maktab al-Khadamat. In Peshawar, he made contact with Osama bin Laden, who was running a base for \"mujahideen\" called Maktab al-Khadamat (MAK); founded by the Palestinian Sheikh Abdullah Yusuf Azzam. The radical position of al-Zawahiri and the other militants of Al-Jihad put them at odds with Sheikh Azzam, with whom they competed for bin Laden's financial resources. Al-Zawahiri carried two false passports, a Swiss one in the name of Amin Uthman and a Dutch one in the name of Mohmud Hifnawi. British journalist Jason Burke wrote: \"Al-Zawahiri ran his own operation during the Afghan war, bringing in and training volunteers from the Middle East. Some of the $500 million the CIA poured into Afghanistan reached his group.\" Former FBI agent Ali Soufan mentioned in his book \"The Black Banners\" that Ayman al-Zawahiri is suspected of ordering Azzam's assassination in 1989"
},
{
"title": "Ayman al-Zawahiri",
"text": ".</s><s>Militant activity.:Organizations.:Al-Qaeda. According to reports by a former al-Qaeda member, al-Zawahiri worked in the al-Qaeda organization since its inception and was a senior member of the group's \"shura\" council. He was often described as a \"lieutenant\" to Osama bin Laden, though bin Laden's chosen biographer has referred to him as the \"real brains\" of al-Qaeda. On February 23, 1998, al-Zawahiri issued a joint fatwa with Osama bin Laden under the title \"World Islamic Front Against Jews and Crusaders\". Al-Zawahiri, not bin Laden, is thought to have been the actual author of the fatwa. Bin Laden and al-Zawahiri organized an al-Qaeda congress on June 24, 1998. A week prior to the beginning of the conference, a group of well-armed assistants to al-Zawahiri had left by jeeps in the direction of Herat. Following the instructions of their patron, in the town of Koh-i-Doshakh, they met three unknown Slavic-looking men who had arrived from Russia via Iran. After their arrival in Kandahar, they split up."
},
{
"title": "Ayman al-Zawahiri",
"text": " One of the Russians was directly escorted to al-Zawahiri and he did not participate in the conference. Western military intelligence succeeded in acquiring photographs of him, but he disappeared for six years. According to Axis Globe, in 2004, when Qatar and the U.S. investigated Russian embassy officials whom the United Arab Emirates had arrested in connection to the murder of Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev in Qatar, computer software precisely established that a man who had walked to the Russian embassy in Doha was the same one who visited al-Zawahiri prior to the Al-Qaida conference. Al-Zawahiri was placed under international sanctions in 1999 by the United Nations' Al-Qaida and Taliban Sanctions Committee as a member of the Salafi-jihadist group al-Qaeda. In June 2001, al-Zawahiri formally merged the Egyptian Islamic Jihad into al-Qaeda. In late 2001, a computer was seized that was stolen from an office used by al-Qaeda immediately after the fall of Kabul in November. This computer was mainly used by al-Zawahiri and contained the letter with an interview request for Ahmad Shah Massoud. The journalists who conducted the interview assassinated Massoud on September 9, 2001.</s><s>"
},
{
"title": "Ayman al-Zawahiri",
"text": "Militant activity.:Organizations.:Al-Qaeda.:Emergence as al-Qaeda's chief commander. In late 2004 bin Laden named al-Zawahiri officially as his deputy. On April 30, 2009, the U.S. State Department reported that al-Zawahiri had emerged as al-Qaeda's operational and strategic commander, and that Osama bin Laden was now only the ideological figurehead of the organization. After the 2011 death of bin Laden, a senior U.S. intelligence official said intelligence gathered in the raid showed that bin Laden remained deeply involved in planning: \"This compound (where bin Laden was killed) in Abbottabad was an active command-and-control center for al-Qaeda's leader. He was active in operational planning and in driving tactical decisions within al-Qaeda.\" Following the death of bin Laden, former U.S. Deputy National Security Advisor for Combating Terrorism Juan Zarate said that al-Zawahiri would \"clearly assume the mantle of leadership\" of al-Qaeda. A senior U.S. administration official said that although al-Zawahiri was likely to be al-Qaeda's next leader, his authority was not \"universally accepted\" among al-Qaeda's followers,"
},
{
"title": "Ayman al-Zawahiri",
"text": " particularly in the Gulf region. Zarate said that al-Zawahiri was more controversial and less charismatic than bin Laden. Rashad Mohammad Ismail (AKA \"Abu Al-Fida\"), a leading member of al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula, stated that al-Zawahiri was the best candidate. Hamid Mir is reported to have said that he believed that Ayman al-Zawahiri was the operational head of al-Qaeda, and that \"[h]e is the person who can do the things that happened on September 11.\" Within days of the attacks, al-Zawahiri's name was put forward as bin Laden's second-in-command, with reports suggesting he represented \"a more formidable US foe than bin Laden.\"</s><s>Militant activity.:Organizations.:Al-Qaeda.:Formal appointment. Al-Zawahiri became the leader of al-Qaeda following the May 2, 2011 killing of Osama bin Laden. His succession to that role was announced on several of their websites on June 16, 2011. On the same day, al-Qaeda renewed its position that Israel was an illegitimate state and that it would not accept any compromise on Palestine. The delayed announcement led some analysts to speculate that"
},
{
"title": "Ayman al-Zawahiri",
"text": " there was quarreling within al-Qaeda: \"It doesn't suggest a vast reservoir of accumulated goodwill for him,\" said one celebrity journalist on CNN. Both U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert Gates and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Mike Mullen maintain that the delay didn't signal any kind of dispute within al-Qaeda, and Mullen reiterated U.S. death threats toward al-Zawahiri. According to US officials within the Obama administration and Robert Gates, al-Zawahiri would find the leadership difficult as, while intelligent, he lacks combat experience and the charisma of Osama bin Laden.</s><s>Militant activity.:Activities in Iran. Al-Zawahiri allegedly worked with the Islamic Republic of Iran on behalf of al-Qaeda. Author Lawrence Wright reports that EIJ operative Ali Mohammed \"told the FBI that al-Jihad had planned a coup in Egypt in 1990.\" Al-Zawahiri had studied the 1979 Islamist Islamic Revolution and \"sought training from the Iranians\" as to how to duplicate their feat against the Egyptian government. In public, al-Zawahiri harshly denounced the Iranian government. In December 2007, he said, \"We discovered Iran collaborating with America in its invasions of Afghanistan"
},
{
"title": "Ayman al-Zawahiri",
"text": " and Iraq.\" In the same video messages, he moreover chides Iran for \"repeating the ridiculous joke that says that al-Qaida and the Taliban are agents of America,\" before playing a video clip in which Ayatollah Rafsanjani says, \"In Afghanistan, they were present in Afghanistan, because of Al-Qa'ida; and the Taliban, who created the Taliban? America is the one who created the Taliban, and America's friends in the region are the ones who financed and armed the Taliban.\" Al-Zawahiri's criticism of Iran's government continues when he states, Al-Zawahiri said that \"Iran of the Islamic Nation.\" In April 2008, al-Zawahiri blamed Iranian state media and Al-Manar for perpetuating the \"lie\" that \"there are no heroes among the Sunnis who can hurt America as no-one else did in history\" in order to discredit the Al Qaeda network. Al-Zawahiri was referring to some 9/11 conspiracy theories that claim that Al Qaeda was not responsible for the 9/11 attacks. On the seventh anniversary of the attacks of September 11, 2001, al-Zawahiri released a 90-minute tape in which he \"the guardian"
},
{
"title": "Ayman al-Zawahiri",
"text": " of Muslims in Tehran\" for recognizing \"the two governments\" in Iraq and Afghanistan.</s><s>Militant activity.:Activities in Russia. At some point in 1994, al-Zawahiri was said to have \"become \" but is thought to have traveled widely to \"Switzerland and Sarajevo\". A fake passport he was using shows that he traveled to Malaysia, Taiwan, Singapore, and Hong Kong. On December 1, 1996, Ahmad Salama Mabruk and Mahmud Hisham al-Hennawi – both carrying false passports – accompanied al-Zawahiri on a trip to Chechnya, where they hoped to re-establish the faltering Jihad. Their leader was traveling under the pseudonym \"Abdullah Imam Mohammed Amin\", and trading on his medical credentials for legitimacy. The group switched vehicles three times, but were arrested within hours of entering Russian territory and spent five months in a Makhachkala prison awaiting trial. The trio pleaded innocence, maintaining their disguise while other al-Jihad members from \"Bavari-C\" sent the Russian authorities pleas for leniency for their \"merchant\" colleagues who had been wrongly arrested. Russian Member of Parliament Nadyr Khachiliev echoed the pleas for"
},
{
"title": "Ayman al-Zawahiri",
"text": " their speedy release as al-Jihad members Ibrahim Eidarous and Tharwat Salah Shehata traveled to Dagestan to plead for their release. Shehata received permission to visit the prisoners. He is believed to have smuggled $3000 to them, which was later confiscated, and to have given them a letter which the Russians didn't bother to translate. In April 1997 the trio were sentenced to six months, were subsequently released a month later, and absconded without paying their court-appointed attorney Abulkhalik Abdusalamov his $1,800 legal fee, citing \"poverty\". Shehata was sent on to Chechnya where he met with Ibn Khattab. There have been doubts as to the true nature of al-Zawahiri's encounter with the Russians in 1996. Jamestown Foundation scholar Evgenii Novikov has argued that it seems unlikely that the Russians would not have been able to determine who he was, given Russia's well-trained Arabists and the suspicious acts of Muslims crossing borders illegally with multiple Arabic false identities and encrypted documents. Assassinated former FSB secret service officer Alexander Litvinenko alleged, among other things, that during this time al-Zawahiri was trained"
},
{
"title": "Ayman al-Zawahiri",
"text": " by the FSB and that he was not the only link between al-Qaeda and the FSB. Former KGB officer, Voice of America commentator and writer Konstantin Preobrazhenskiy supported Litvinenko's claim. He said that Litvinenko \"was responsible for securing the secrecy of Al-Zawahiri's arrival in Russia, who was trained by FSB instructors in Dagestan, Northern Caucasus, during 1996–1997.\"</s><s>Militant activity.:Activities in Egypt. Al-Zawahiri was convicted of dealing in weapons and received a three-year sentence, which he completed in 1984, shortly after his conviction. Al-Zawahiri learned of a \"Nonviolence Initiative\" organized in Egypt to end the terror campaign that had killed hundreds and resulting government crackdown that had imprisoned thousands. Al-Zawahiri angrily opposed this \"surrender\" in letters to the London newspaper \"Al-Sharq al-Awsat\". Together with members of al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya, he helped organize a massive attack on tourists at the Temple of Hatshepsut to sabotage the initiative by provoking the government into repression. The attack by six men dressed in police uniforms succeeded in machine-"
},
{
"title": "Ayman al-Zawahiri",
"text": "gunning and hacking to death 58 foreign tourists and four Egyptians, including \"a five-year-old British child and four Japanese couples on their honeymoons,\" and devastated the Egyptian tourist industry for a number of years. Nonetheless, the Egyptian reaction was not what al-Zawahiri had hoped for. The attack so stunned and angered Egyptian society that Islamists denied responsibility. Al-Zawahiri blamed the police for the killing, but also held the tourists responsible for their own deaths for coming to Egypt, Al-Zawahiri was sentenced to death \"in absentia\" in 1999 by an Egyptian military tribunal.</s><s>Militant activity.:Activities and whereabouts after the September 11 attacks. In December 2001, al-Zawahiri published a book entitled \"Fursan Rayat al Nabi\" (\"Knights Under the Prophet's Banner\") which outlined ideologies of al-Qaeda. English translations of this book were published; excerpts are available online. Following the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan, al-Zawahiri's whereabouts were unknown, but he was generally thought to be in tribal Pakistan. Although he released videos of himself frequently, al-Zawahiri did not appear alongside bin Laden in any of them after"
},
{
"title": "Ayman al-Zawahiri",
"text": " 2003. In 2003, it was rumored that he was under arrest in Iran, although this was later discovered to be false. On January 13, 2006, the Central Intelligence Agency, aided by Pakistan's ISI, launched an airstrike on Damadola, a Pakistani village near the Afghan border where they believed al-Zawahiri was located. The airstrike was supposed to kill al-Zawahiri and this was reported in international news over the following days. Many victims of the airstrike were buried unidentified. Anonymous U.S. government officials claimed that some terrorists were killed and the Bajaur tribal area government confirmed that at least four terrorists were among the dead. Anti-American protests broke out around the country and the Pakistani government condemned the U.S. attack and the loss of innocent life. On August 1, 2008, CBS News reported that it had obtained a copy of an intercepted letter dated July 29, 2008, from unnamed sources in Pakistan, which urgently requested a doctor to treat al-Zawahiri. The letter indicated that al-Zawahiri was critically injured in a US missile strike at Azam Warsak village in South Waziristan on July 28 that also reportedly killed al Qaeda explosives expert Abu Khabab al-Masri."
},
{
"title": "Ayman al-Zawahiri",
"text": " Taliban Mehsud spokesman Maulvi Umar told the Associated Press on August 2, 2008, that the report of al-Zawahiri's injury was false. In early September 2008, Pakistan Army claimed that they \"almost\" captured al-Zawahiri after getting information that he and his wife were in the Mohmand Agency, in northwest Pakistan. After raiding the area, officials didn't find him. In two videos posted on Jihadist websites in 2012, al-Zawahiri called on Muslims to \"capture\" foreign citizens to leverage the release of Omar Abdel-Rahman, mastermind of the 1993 World Trade Center bombing. In the videos, al-Zawahiri cited to the successful kidnapping of Jewish American Warren Weinstein in 2011 as precedent for further kidnappings. Al-Zawahiri also called for the institution of Sharia law in Egypt and questioned the views of then-President of Egypt Mohamed Morsi. In June 2013, al-Zawahiri arbitrated against the merger of the Islamic State of Iraq with the Syrian-based Jabhat al-Nusra into Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant as was declared in April by Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi. Abu Mohammad al-Julani, leader of al-Nusra Front,"
},
{
"title": "Ayman al-Zawahiri",
"text": " affirmed the group's allegiance to al-Qaeda and al-Zawahiri. In September 2015, al-Zawahiri urged Islamic State (ISIL) to stop fighting al-Nusra Front, the official al-Qaeda affiliate in Syria, and to unite with all other jihadists against the supposed alliance between America, Russia, Europe, Shiites and Iran, and Bashar al-Assad's Alawite regime. Ayman al-Zawahiri released a statement supporting jihad in Xinjiang against Chinese, jihad in the Caucasus against the Russians and naming Somalia, Yemen, Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan as battlegrounds. al-Zawahiri endorsed \"jihad to liberate every span of land of the Muslims that has been usurped and violated, from Kashgar to Andalusia, and from the Caucasus to Somalia and Central Africa\". Uyghurs inhabit Kashgar, the city which was mentioned by al-Zawahiri. In another statement he said, \"My mujahideen brothers in all places and of all groups... we face aggression from America, Europe, and Russia... so it's up to us to stand together as one from East Turkestan to Morocco\". In 2015, the Turkistan Islamic Party (East Turkistan Islamic"
},
{
"title": "Ayman al-Zawahiri",
"text": " Movement) released an image showing Al Qaeda leaders Ayman al-Zawahiri and Osama Bin Laden meeting with Hasan Mahsum. The Uyghurs East Turkestan independence movement was endorsed in the serial \"Islamic Spring\"'s 9th release by Al-Zawahiri. Al-Zawahiri confirmed that the Afghanistan war after 9/11 included the participation of Uyghurs and that the jihadists like Zarwaqi, Bin Ladin and the Uyghur Hasan Mahsum were provided with refuge together in Afghanistan under Taliban rule. Uyghur fighters were praised by al-Zawahiri, before a Turkistan Islamic Party performed a Bishkek bombing on August 30. Uighur jihadists were hailed by Ayman al-Zawahiri. Doğu Türkistan Bülteni Haber Ajansı reported that the Uyghur Turkistan Islamic Party was praised by Abu Qatada along with Abdul Razzaq al Mahdi, Maqdisi, Muhaysini and al-Zawahiri. Abu Muhammad al-Maqdisi and Abu Qatada were referenced by Muhaysini. Osama bin Laden and al-Zawahiri were"
},
{
"title": "Ayman al-Zawahiri",
"text": " by Muhaysini. The Rewards for Justice Program of the U.S. Department of State offered a reward of up to US$25 million for information about al-Zawahiri's location. On July 31, 2022, al-Zawahiri was killed in a US strike in Kabul, Afghanistan. He had been rumoured to be in Pakistan's tribal area or inside Afghanistan. His death is considered to be the biggest hit to the terrorist group since Osama Bin Laden was killed in 2011. Others described his death as \"anticlimactic to Al Qaeda's demise\", stating \"[h]is moves as leader of the shrinking group were watched more by analysts than by jihadists\" at the time of his death.</s><s>Views.</s><s>Views.:Islamism. As a leader of Egyptian Islamic Jihad, al-Zawahiri conceived of Islamism in Egypt as a revolutionary movement of heroic fighters who the masses would join in the wake of their victories. The movement was mostly a failure, including its crushing defeat and suppression by the Egyptian government following the assassination of Anwar Sadat. The popular uprising envisioned by al-Zawahiri never came to be, and some Islamist leaders agreed to cease-fire terms with the government."
},
{
"title": "Ayman al-Zawahiri",
"text": " After these events, al-Zawahiri joined Al-Qaeda, which had aims that were international in scope and was focused on the conflict with the United States rather than the ongoing localized conflict with the secular regime in Egypt.</s><s>Views.:Loyalty and enmity. In a lengthy treatise titled \"Loyalty and Enmity\", al-Zawahiri said that Muslims must at all times be loyal to Islam and to one another, while hating or avoiding everything and everyone outside of Islam.</s><s>Views.:Female combatants. Al-Zawahiri said in an April 2008 interview that the group does not have women combatants and that a woman's role is limited to caring for the homes and children of al-Qaeda fighters. This resulted in a debate regarding the role of mujahid women like Sajida Mubarak Atrous al-Rishawi.</s><s>Views.:Iranians. In 2008 he claimed that \"Persians\" are the enemy of Arabs and that Iran cooperated with the U.S. during the occupation of Iraq.</s><s>Promotional activities. Al-Zawahiri placed supreme importance on winning public support, and castigated Abu Musab al-Zarqawi in this regard"
},
{
"title": "Ayman al-Zawahiri",
"text": ": \"In the absence of this popular support, the Islamic mujahid movement would be crushed in the shadows.\"</s><s>Promotional activities.:Video and audio messages.</s><s>Promotional activities.:Video and audio messages.:2000s. - August 4, 2005: al-Zawahiri issues a televised statement blaming former British prime minister Tony Blair and his government's foreign policy for the July 2005 London bombings. - September 1, 2005: al-Jazeera broadcasts a video message from Mohammed Sidique Khan, one of bombers of the London Underground. His message is followed by another message from al-Zawahiri, blaming again Tony Blair for the 7/7 bombings. - September 19, 2005: al-Zawahiri claims responsibility for the London bombings and dismisses U.S. efforts in Afghanistan. - April 3, 2008: al-Zawahiri said that al-Qaeda doesn't kill innocents and that its [former] leader Osama bin Laden is healthy. The questions asked his views about Egypt and Iraq, as well as Hamas. - April 22, 2008: An audio interview in which, among other subjects, al-Zawahiri attacks the Shiite Iran and Hezbollah for blaming the 9/11 attacks on Israel, and"
},
{
"title": "Ayman al-Zawahiri",
"text": " thus discrediting al-Qaeda. - On the 7th anniversary of the attacks of September 11, 2001, al-Zawahiri released a 90-minute tape, in which he blasted \"the guardian of Muslims in Tehran\" for \"the two hireling governments\" in Iraq and Afghanistan. - January 7, 2009: An audio message released, where al-Zawahiri vows revenge for Israel's air and ground assault on Gaza and calls the Jewish state's actions against Hamas militants \"a gift\" from U.S. President-elect Barack Obama for the recent uprising conflict in Gaza. - October 4, 2009: \"The New York Times\" reported that al-Zawahiri had asserted that Libya had tortured Ibn Al Sheikh Al Libi to death.{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2009/10/04/world/international-us-qaeda-libya-militant.html - December 14, 2009: In an audio recording released on December 14, 2009, al-Zawahiri renewed calls to establish an Islamic state in Israel and urged his followers to \"seek jihad against Jews\" and their supporters. He also called for jihad against America and the West"
},
{
"title": "Ayman al-Zawahiri",
"text": ", and labeled Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak, King Abdullah II of Jordan, and King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz of Saudi Arabia as the \"brothers of Satan\".</s><s>Promotional activities.:Video and audio messages.:2010s. - June 8, 2011: al-Zawahiri released his first video since the killing of Osama bin Laden, praising bin Laden and warning the U.S. of reprisal attacks, but without staking a claim on the leadership of al-Qaeda. - September 3, 2014: In a 55-minute-long video, al-Zawahiri announced the formation of a new wing called al-Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent (AQIS), which would wage jihad \"to liberate its land, to restore its sovereignty, and to revive its Caliphate.\" Reaction amongst Muslims in India to the formation of the new wing was one of fury. - March 2018: al-Zawahiri posts a video entitled \"America is the First Enemy of the Muslims\", where he defends the Muslim Brotherhood and claims that the US is \"working with Saudi Arabia to train imams and rewrite religious textbooks\". This is his sixth video in 2018. He refers to Rex Tillerson's firing as US Secretary of State in the Trump administration"
},
{
"title": "Ayman al-Zawahiri",
"text": ". - September 11, 2019: al-Zawahiri posts a 9/11 18th anniversary propaganda video entitled \"And They Shall Continue to Fight You\" through al-Qaeda media outlet As Sahab. Al-Zawahiri condemns Islamic scholars who condemned al-Qaeda for the 9/11 attacks and continues to call for jihad regarding Israel and Palestine. Clips of Donald Trump and Benjamin Netanyahu were inter-spaced in the video.</s><s>Promotional activities.:Video and audio messages.:2020s. - In September 2021, on the 20th anniversary of the 9/11 attacks, after a month of Taliban takeover in Afghanistan, a video of al-Zawahiri surfaced, but he did not mention the Taliban takeover. - In April 2022, al-Zawahiri's video was released on the hijab controversy in the Indian state of Karnataka, where he expressed support for a student who wore a burqa to her college.</s><s>Promotional activities.:Online Q&A. In mid-December 2007, al-Zawahiri's spokespeople announced plans for an \"open interview\" on a handful of Islamic Web sites. The administrators of four known jihadist web sites have been authorized to collect and forward questions, \"unedited"
},
{
"title": "Ayman al-Zawahiri",
"text": "\", they pledge, and \"regardless of whether they are in support of or are against\" al-Qaeda, which would be forwarded to al-Zawahiri on January 16.{{cite web }} al-Zawahiri responded to the questions later in 2008; among the things he said were that al-Qaeda didn't kill innocents, and that al-Qaeda would move to target Israel \"after expelling the occupier from Iraq\".</s><s>Promotional activities.:Publications. - \"Fursan Rayat al Nabi\" (\"Knights Under the Prophet's Banner\") - Co-author of Fatāwa of Osama bin Laden (1998) - World Islamic Front Statement (1998)</s><s>Death. Al-Zawahiri was killed on July 31, 2022, shortly after 6:00 AM local time in an early-morning drone strike conducted by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency in the upscale Sherpur neighborhood of Kabul, reportedly in a house owned by a top aide to Sirajuddin Haqqani, a senior official in the Taliban government. In a statement to reporters, a senior administration official said \"over the weekend, the United States conducted a counterterrorism operation against a significant Al Qaeda target in Afghanistan. The"
},
{
"title": "Ayman al-Zawahiri",
"text": " operation was successful and there were no civilian casualties.\" The United States Department of Defense denied responsibility for the strike, while the United States Central Command declined to comment. On August 1, delayed by two days to allow time for proper verification of the operation's success, President Joe Biden announced at the White House that the U.S. Intelligence Community had located al-Zawahiri as he moved into downtown Kabul in early 2022 and that President Biden had authorized the operation a week prior. Biden also stated that the operation did not harm any members of al-Zawahiri's family or other civilians. According to U.S. government sources, Al-Zawahiri was killed by Hellfire missiles fired from a Reaper drone. Press sources have speculated that the missiles may have been R9X Hellfire missiles, which are designed to kill by impact and with blades instead of explosion to avoid unintended casualties. Al Qaeda in December 2022 released a video it stated was narrated by al-Zawahiri. The video was undated and did not mention when the recording of the audio was done. In February 2023, the United Nations reported that many member countries believed Saif al-Adel to be the de-facto successor of al-Zawahiri"
},
{
"title": "Ayman al-Zawahiri",
"text": ", but al-Qaeda had not formally named him to probably avoid scrutiny against the Taliban for giving shelter to the latter and due to al-Adel living in Iran.</s><s>See also. - FBI Most Wanted Terrorists - List of fugitives from justice who disappeared - Sayyed Imam Al-Sharif - Videos and audio recordings of Osama bin Laden</s><s>Notes and references.</s><s>Notes and references.:Works cited. - -</s><s>Notes and references.:General references. - al-Zawahiri, Ayman, \"L'absolution\", Milelli, Villepreux, (French translation of Al-Zawahiri's latest book). - Ibrahim, Raymond (2007), \"The Al Qaeda Reader\", Broadway Books,. - Kepel, Gilles; & Jean-Pierre Milelli (2010), \"Al Qaeda in Its Own Words\", Harvard University Press, Cambridge & London,. - Mansfield, Laura (2006), \"His Own Words: A Translation of the Writings of Dr. Ayman Al Zawahiri\", Lulu Pub.</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Ayman al-Zawahiri",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Latin America/Africa"
}
|
factscore-000357
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Abraham Ancer.
|
[
{
"title": "Abraham Ancer",
"text": "<s>Abraham Ancer Abraham Ancer (; born 27 February 1991) is a Mexican-American professional golfer who played on the PGA Tour and is currently playing on the LIV Golf tour. He won the 2018 Emirates Australian Open and the 2021 WGC-FedEx St. Jude Invitational for his first PGA Tour career victory.</s><s>Amateur career. Ancer was born in McAllen, Texas; raised partially in Reynosa, Mexico; and has dual American and Mexican citizenship. He attended Sharyland High School in Mission, Texas. He played college golf at Odessa College and the University of Oklahoma, from which he graduated in 2013 with a degree in General Studies. During his one year at Odessa, Ancer was a first-team All-American and finished in a tie for second in the Junior College National Golf Championship. At Oklahoma, he saw his most success during his first year, winning twice while having the sixth-lowest scoring average in Oklahoma history of 72.03. During his entire career, he ended up second in all-time scoring average.</s><s>Professional career. Ancer turned professional in 2013. In December 2014, he tied for 35th place at the Web.com Tour Qualifying School final stage."
},
{
"title": "Abraham Ancer",
"text": " He played on the Web.com Tour in 2015, where he finished runner-up at the Brasil Champions in March and won the Nova Scotia Open in July. He finished 11th in the regular season money list, which earned him a PGA Tour card for the 2016 season. In his rookie year, Ancer didn't perform consistently, with a best finish of T-18 at the FedEx St. Jude Classic. He finished 190th in FedEx Cup points and couldn't maintain his card for the 2017 season, which sent him back to the Web.com Tour. During the 2017 Web.com Tour, Ancer carded five top-5 finishes, including three runner-up finishes, which allowed him to secure his PGA Tour card for the 2018 season by finishing in 3rd place on the regular season money list. During the 2018 season, Ancer finished 9th at the OHL Classic at Mayakoba, 8th at the Houston Open, 4th at the Quicken Loans National, 5th at the RBC Canadian Open, and 7th at the Dell Technologies Championship. The Quicken Loans National was part of the Open Qualifying Series and his high finish gave him an entry to the 2018 Open Championship, his first major championship, where he had"
},
{
"title": "Abraham Ancer",
"text": " rounds of 71 and 78 and missed the cut. In the PGA Tour season Ancer earned US$1.7 million and finished 60th in the FedEx Cup. Ancer had a good start to the 2018–19 season with top-5 finishes in the CIMB Classic and the Shriners Hospitals for Children Open, results that lifted him into the world top-100 for the first time. He followed this up with a 5-stroke victory in the Australian Open, a week before representing Mexico in the World Cup of Golf. His Australian Open win gave him an entry to the 2019 Open Championship. Ancer finished second in the Northern Trust in August 2019 and ended the year by tying for 21st at the Tour Championship. This earned him $478,000 in FedEx Cup bonus money. Ancer's strong play in 2019 qualified him for the 2019 Presidents Cup International team. The event was held at Royal Melbourne Golf Club in December 2019. The U.S. team defeated the Internationals 16–14. Ancer went 3–1–1. His lone loss came in the Sunday singles, 3 & 2 against U.S. playing-captain Tiger Woods. Ancer had told media prior to the event that he wanted to play Woods in singles"
},
{
"title": "Abraham Ancer",
"text": ". Woods said afterward \"Abe wanted it, he got it.\" At the 2020 RBC Heritage, Ancer finished runner-up shooting −21, earning him $773,900. Ancer led the tournament in Driving Accuracy (82.1%) and Greens In Regulation (90.3%). In May 2021, Ancer finished second at the Wells Fargo Championship. One shot behind Rory McIlroy. In late July/early August he played in the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, finishing tied for 14th place with Norway's Viktor Hovland after scoring 12-under-par for the four rounds of the Men's Tournament. The following week he obtained his first career victory in a PGA Tour event after winning the 2021 WGC-FedEx St. Jude Invitational after two sudden-death playoff holes against Hideki Matsuyama and Sam Burns. With the win, Ancer became the fourth Mexican player to win on the PGA Tour and the first to win on the European Tour. Ancer joined LIV Golf in June 2022 following the U.S Open, and was subsequently suspended from the PGA Tour. Ancer has yet to win individually on the tour, but did win the team trophy in Bangkok. In February 2023, Ancer won the P"
},
{
"title": "Abraham Ancer",
"text": "IF Saudi International on the Asian Tour. He shot a final-round 68 to win by two shots ahead of Cameron Young and claim a wire-to-wire victory.</s><s>Amateur wins. - 2009 Odessa College Invitational - 2010 Omega Chemical/Midland College, Texas Junior College Championship, NJCAA District 2 Championship - 2011 Desert Shootout, NCAA East-VA Tech Regional Source:</s><s>Professional wins (4).</s><s>Professional wins (4).:PGA Tour wins (1). PGA Tour playoff record (1–0)</s><s>Professional wins (4).:European Tour wins (1). European Tour playoff record (1–0)</s><s>Professional wins (4).:Web.com Tour wins (1). Web.com Tour playoff record (1–1)</s><s>Results in major championships. \"Results not in chronological order before 2019 and in 2020.\" CUT = missed the half-way cutbr \"T\" = tiedbr NT = No tournament due to COVID-19 pandemic</s><s>Results in major championships.:Summary. - Most consecutive cuts made – 6 (2020 PGA – 2021 PGA) - Longest streak of top-10s – 1 (twice)</s><s>Results in The Players"
},
{
"title": "Abraham Ancer",
"text": " Championship. \"T\" indicates a tie for a placebr C = Cancelled after the first round due to the COVID-19 pandemic</s><s>World Golf Championships.</s><s>World Golf Championships.:Results timeline. Cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemicbr QF, R16, R32, R64 = Round in which player lost in match playbr NT = no tournamentbr \"T\" = tiedbr Note that the Championship and Invitational were discontinued from 2022.</s><s>Team appearances. - World Cup (representing Mexico): 2018 - Presidents Cup (representing the International team): 2019</s><s>See also. - 2015 Web.com Tour Finals graduates - 2017 Web.com Tour Finals graduates</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Abraham Ancer",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Latin America/Africa"
}
|
factscore-000358
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Vicente Guerrero.
|
[
{
"title": "Vicente Guerrero",
"text": "<s>Vicente Guerrero Vicente Ramón Guerrero (; baptized August 10, 1782 – February 14, 1831) was a Mexican soldier and statesman who become the nation's second president. He was one of the leading generals who fought against Spain during the Mexican War of Independence. During his presidency, he abolished slavery in Mexico. Guerrero was deposed in a rebellion by his Vice-President Anastasio Bustamante.</s><s>Early life. Vicente Guerrero was born in Tixtla, a town 100 kilometers inland from the port of Acapulco, in the Sierra Madre del Sur; his parents were María Guadalupe Rodríguez Saldaña, and Juan Pedro Guerrero. His father's family included landlords, wealthy farmers, and traders with broad business connections in the south, members of the Spanish militia, and gun and cannon makers. In his youth, he worked for his father's freight business that used mules for transport, a prosperous business during this time. His travels took him to different parts of Mexico where he heard of the idea of independence. There is controversy regarding Guerrero's ethnic origin, with some authors describing him as indigenous, mestizo, or African. However, no portraits of him were made during"
},
{
"title": "Vicente Guerrero",
"text": " his lifetime and those made posthumously may not be reliable. Fellow insurgent José María Morelos described him as a \"young man with bronzed or tanned skin (\"broncineo\" in Spanish), tall and strong (N.B. \"forbid\", strapping, muscular), aquiline nose, bright and light-colored eyes and big sideburns\". Vicente's father, Juan Pedro, supported Spanish rule, whereas his uncle, Diego Guerrero, had an important position in the Spanish militia. As an adult, Vicente was opposed to the Spanish colonial government. When his father asked him for his sword in order to present it to the viceroy of New Spain as a sign of goodwill, Vicente refused, saying, \"The will of my father is for me sacred, but my Fatherland is first.\" \"\"Mi patria es primero\"\" is now the motto of the southern Mexican state of Guerrero, named in honor of the revolutionary. Guerrero enlisted in José María Morelos's insurgent army of the south in December 1810. He was married to María Guadalupe Hernández; their daughter María Dolores Guerrero Hernández married Mariano Riva Palacio, who was the defense"
},
{
"title": "Vicente Guerrero",
"text": " lawyer of Maximilian I of Mexico in Querétaro, and was the mother of late nineteenth-century intellectual [Vicente Riva Palacio].</s><s>Insurgent. In 1810, Guerrero joined in the early revolt against Spain, first fighting in the forces of secular priest José María Morelos. When the Mexican War of Independence began, Guerrero was working as a gunsmith in Tixtla. He joined the rebellion in November 1810 and enlisted in a division that independence leader Morelos had organized to fight in southern Mexico. Guerrero distinguished himself in the Battle of Izúcar, in February 1812, and had achieved the rank of lieutenant colonel when Oaxaca was claimed by rebels in November 1812. Initial victories by Morelos's forces faltered, and Morelos himself was captured and executed in December 1815. Guerrero joined forces with Guadalupe Victoria and Isidoro Montes de Oca, taking the position of \"Commander in Chief\" of the rebel troops. In 1816, the royal government under Viceroy Apodaca sought to end the insurgency, offering amnesty. Guerrero's father carried an appeal for his son to surrender, but Guerrero refused. He remained the only major rebel leader still at large and kept"
},
{
"title": "Vicente Guerrero",
"text": " the rebellion going through an extensive campaign of guerrilla warfare. He won victories at Ajuchitán, Santa Fe, Tetela del Río, Huetamo, Tlalchapa, and Cuautlotitlán, regions of southern Mexico that were very familiar to him. Hoping to extinguish the rebellion, the royal government sent Agustín de Iturbide against Guerrero's forces. Guerrero was victorious against Iturbide, who realized that there was a military stalemate. Guerrero appealed to Iturbide to abandon his royalist loyalty and to join the fight for independence. Events in Spain had changed in 1820, with Spanish liberals ousting Ferdinand VII and imposing the liberal constitution of 1812 that the king had repudiated. Conservatives in Mexico, including the Catholic hierarchy, began to conclude that continued allegiance to Spain would undermine their position and opted for independence to maintain their control. Guerrero's appeal to join the forces for independence was successful. Guerrero and Iturbide allied under the Plan de Iguala and their forces merged as the Army of the Three Guarantees. The Plan of Iguala proclaimed independence, called for a constitutional monarchy and the continued place of the Roman Catholic Church, and abolished the formal \"casta\" system of racial classification. Clause"
},
{
"title": "Vicente Guerrero",
"text": " 12 was incorporated into the plan: \"All inhabitants... without distinction of their European, African or Indian origins are citizens... with full freedom to pursue their livelihoods according to their merits and virtues.\" The Army of the Three Guarantees marched triumphantly into Mexico City on September 27, 1821. Iturbide was proclaimed Emperor of Mexico by Congress. In January 1823, Guerrero, along with Nicolás Bravo, rebelled against Iturbide, returning to southern Mexico to raise rebellion, according to some assessments because their careers had been blocked by the emperor. Their stated objectives were to restore the Constituent Congress. Guerrero and Bravo were defeated by Iturbide's forces at Almolongo, now in the State of Guerrero, less than a month later. When Iturbide's imperial government collapsed in 1823, Guerrero was named one of Constituent Congress's ruling triumvirate.</s><s>1828 presidential election. Guerrero was a liberal by conviction, and active in the York Rite Masons, established in Mexico after independence by Joel Roberts Poinsett, the U.S. diplomatic representative to the newly independent Mexico. The Scottish Rite Masons had been established before independence. Following independence the \"Yorkinos\" appealed to a broad range of Mexico's populace"
},
{
"title": "Vicente Guerrero",
"text": ", as opposed to the Scottish Rite Masons, who were a bulwark of conservatism, and in the absence of established political parties, rival groups of Masons functioned as political organizations. Guerrero had a large following among urban \"Yorkinos\", who were mobilized during the 1828 election campaign and afterwards, in the ouster of the president-elect, Manuel Gómez Pedraza. In 1828, the four-year term of the first president of the republic, Guadalupe Victoria, came to an end. Unlike the first presidential election and the president serving his full term, the election of 1828 was highly partisan. Guerrero's supporters included federalist liberals, members of the radical wing of the York Rite Freemasons. General Gómez Pedraza won the September 1828 election to succeed Guadalupe Victoria, with Guerrero coming in second and Anastasio Bustamante, third through indirect election of Mexico's state legislatures. Gómez Pedraza was the candidate of the \"Impartials\", composed of Yorkinos concerned about the radicalism of Guerrero and Scottish Rite Masons (\"Escocés\"), who sought a new political party. Among those who were Impartials were distinguished federalist Yorkinos Valentín Góme"
},
{
"title": "Vicente Guerrero",
"text": "z Farías and Miguel Ramos Arizpe. The U.S. diplomatic representative in Mexico, Joel Roberts Poinsett was enthusiastic about Guerrero's candidacy, writing Guerrero himself did not leave an abundant written record, but some of his speeches survive. Two weeks after the September 1 election, Antonio López de Santa Anna rose in rebellion in support of Guerrero. As governor of the strategic state of Veracruz and former general in the war of independence, Santa Anna was a powerful figure in the early republic, but he was unable to persuade the state legislature to support Guerrero in the indirect elections. Santa Anna resigned the governorship and led 800 troops loyal to him in capturing the fortress of Perote, near Xalapa. He issued a political plan there calling for the nullification of Gómez Pedraza's election and the declaration of Guerrero as president. In November 1828 in Mexico City, Guerrero supporters took control of the Accordada, a former prison transformed into an armory, and days of fighting occurred in the capital. President-elect Gómez Pedraza had not yet taken office and at this juncture he resigned and soon went into exile in England. With the resignation of the president-elect and the ineffective rule of the"
},
{
"title": "Vicente Guerrero",
"text": " sitting president, civil order dissolved. On 4 December 1828, a riot broke out in the Zócalo and the Parián market, where luxury goods were sold, was looted. Order was restored within a day, but elites in the capital were alarmed at the violence of the popular classes and the huge property losses. With the resignation of Gómez Pedraza, and Guerreros's cause backed by Santa Anna's forces and the powerful liberal politician Lorenzo de Zavala, Guerrero became president. Guerrero took office as president, with Bustamante, a conservative, becoming vice president. One scholar sums up Guerrero's situation, \"Guerrero owed the presidency to a mutiny and a failure of will on the part of [President] Guadalupe Victoria...Guerrero was to rule as president with only a thin layer of support.\"</s><s>Presidency. Liberal folk hero of the independence insurgency Guerrero became president on 1 April 1829, with conservative Anastasio Bustamante as his vice president. For some of Guerrero's supporters, a visibly mixed-race man from Mexico's periphery becoming president of Mexico was a step toward what one 1829 pamphleteer called \"the reconquest of this land by its legitimate owners\" and called"
},
{
"title": "Vicente Guerrero",
"text": " Guerrero \"that immortal hero, favorite son of Nezahualcoyotzin\", the famous ruler of prehispanic Texcoco. Some creole elites (American-born whites of Spanish heritage) were alarmed by Guerrero as president, a group that liberal Lorenzo de Zavala disparagingly called \"the new Mexican aristocracy\". Guerrero set about creating a cabinet of liberals, but his government already encountered serious problems, including its very legitimacy, since president-elect Gómez Pedraza had resigned under pressure. Some traditional federalists leaders, who might have supported Guerrero, did not do so because of the electoral irregularities. The national treasury was empty and future revenues were already liened. Spain continued to deny Mexico's independence and threatened reconquest. A key achievement of his presidency was the total abolition of slavery in Mexico. The slave trade had already been banned by the Spanish authorities in 1818, a ban that had been reconfirmed by the nascent Mexican government in 1824. A few Mexican states had also already abolished the practice of slavery, but it was not until September 16, 1829 that total abolition across the nation was proclaimed by the Guerrero administration. Slavery at this point barely existed throughout Mexico, and only the state of Coahuila y"
},
{
"title": "Vicente Guerrero",
"text": " Tejas was significantly affected, due to the immigration of slaveowners from the United States. Guerrero called for public schools, land title reforms, industry and trade development, and other programs of a liberal nature. As president, Guerrero championed the causes of the racially oppressed and economically oppressed. Initially, the leader of the colonization of Texas, Stephen F. Austin, proved enthusiastic towards the Mexican government. During Guerrero's presidency, the Spanish tried to reconquer Mexico but were defeated at the Battle of Tampico.</s><s>Fall and execution. Guerrero was deposed in a rebellion under Vice-President Anastasio Bustamante that began on 4 December 1829. Guerrero left the capital to fight in the south, but was deposed by the Mexico City garrison in his absence on 17 December 1829. Guerrero had returned to the region of southern Mexico where he had fought during the war of independence. Open warfare between Guerrero and his opponent in the region Nicolás Bravo was fierce. Bravo had been a royalist officer and Guerrero was an insurgent hero. Bravo controlled the highlands of the region, including the town of Guerrero's birth, Tixtla. Guerrero had strength in the hot coastal regions of the Costa Grande and Tierra Caliente, with mixed race populations that had been"
},
{
"title": "Vicente Guerrero",
"text": " mobilized during the insurgency for independence. Bravo's area had a mixed population, but politically was dominated by whites. The conflict in the south occurred for all of 1830, as conservatives consolidated power in Mexico City. The war in the south might have continued even longer, but ended in what one historian has called \"the most shocking single event in the history of the first republic: the capture of Guerrero in Acapulco through an act of betrayal and his execution a month later.\" Guerrero controlled Mexico's principal Pacific coast port of Acapulco. An Italian merchant ship captain, Francisco Picaluga, approached the conservative government in Mexico City with a proposal to lure Guerrero onto his ship and take him prisoner for the price of 50,000 pesos, a fortune at the time. Picaluga invited Guerrero on board for a meal on 14 January 1831. Guerrero and a few aides were taken captive and Picaluga sailed to the port of Huatulco, where Guerrero was turned over to federal troops. Guerrero was taken to Oaxaca City and summarily tried by a court-martial. His capture was welcomed by conservatives and some state legislatures, but the legislatures of Zacatecas and Jalisco tried to prevent Guerrero's execution. The government's 50,000"
},
{
"title": "Vicente Guerrero",
"text": " peso payment to Picaluga was exposed in the liberal press. Despite pleas for his life, Guerrero was executed by firing squad in Cuilapam on 14 February 1831. His death did mark the dissolution of the rebellion in southern Mexico, but those politicians involved in his execution paid a lasting price to their reputations. Many Mexicans saw Guerrero as the \"martyr of Cuilapam\" and his execution was deemed by the liberal newspaper \"El Federalista Mexicano\" \"judicial murder\". The two conservative cabinet members considered most culpable for Guerrero's execution, Lucas Alamán and Secretary of War José Antonio Facio, \"spent the rest of their lives defending themselves from the charge that they were responsible for the ultimate betrayal in the history of the first republic, that is, that they had arranged not just for the service of Picaluga's ship but specifically for his capture of Guerrero.\" Historian Jan Bazant speculates as to why Guerrero was executed rather than sent into exile, as Iturbide had been, as well as Antonio López de Santa Anna, and long-time dictator of late-nineteenth century Mexico, Porfirio Díaz. \"The clue is provided by Zavala who, writing several years later"
},
{
"title": "Vicente Guerrero",
"text": ", noted that Guerrero was of mixed blood and that the opposition to his presidency came from the great landowners, generals, clerics and Spaniards resident in Mexico...Guerrero's execution was perhaps a warning to men considered as socially and ethnically inferior not to dare to dream of becoming president.\" Honors were conferred on surviving members of Guerrero's family, and a pension was paid to his widow. In 1842, Vicente Guerrero's remains were exhumed and returned to Mexico City for reinterment. He is known for his political discourse promoting equal civil rights for all Mexican citizens. He has been described as the \"greatest man of color\" to ever live.</s><s>Legacy. Guerrero is a Mexican national hero. The state of Guerrero is named in his honour. Several towns in Mexico are named in honor of this famous general, including Vicente Guerrero in Durango, Vicente Guerrero in Baja California and the Colonia Guerrero.</s><s>See also. - Filipino immigration to Mexico - Gaspar Yanga - History of Mexico - José María Larios - Liberalism in Mexico - List of presidents of Mexico - List of wars involving Mexico</s><s>Further reading. - Anna, Timothy E. \"The Mexican Empire of Iturbide\". Lincoln: University"
},
{
"title": "Vicente Guerrero",
"text": " of Nebraska Press 1990. - Anna, Timothy E. \"Forging Mexico, 1821–1835\". Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press 1998. - Arrom, Silvia. \"Popular Politics in Mexico City: The Parián Riot, 1828\". Hispanic American Historical Review 68, no. 2 (May 1988): 245–68. - Avila, Alfredo. \"La presidencia de Vicente Guerrero\", in Will Fowler, ed., \"Gobernantes mexicanos\", Mexico City, Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2008, t. I, p. 27–49.. - Bazant, Jan. \"From Independence to the Liberal Republic, 1821–67\" in \"Mexico since Independence\", edited by Leslie Bethelll. New York: Cambridge University Press 1991. - González Pedrero, Enrique. \"País de un solo hombre: el México de Santa Anna. Volumen II\" : La sociedad de fuego cruzado 1829–1836 : Fondo de Cultura Económica.. - Green, Stanley C. \"The Mexican Republic: The First Decade 1823–1832\". Pittsburgh:"
},
{
"title": "Vicente Guerrero",
"text": " University of Pittsburgh Press 1987. - Guardino, Peter F. \"Peasants, Politics, and the Formation of Mexico's National State: Guerrero 1800–1857\". Stanford: Stanford University Press 1996. - Hale, Charles A. \"Mexican Liberalism in the Age of Mora\". New Haven: Yale University Press 1968. - Hamnett, Brian. \"Roots of Insurgency: Mexican Regions, 1750–1824\". New York: Cambridge University Press 1986. - Harrell, Eugene Wilson. \"Vicente Guerrero and the Birth of Modern Mexico, 1821–1831\". PhD dissertation, Tulane University 1976. - - Ramírez Fentanes, Luis. \"Vicente Guerrero, Presidente de México\". Mexico City: Comisión de Historia Militar 1958. - Richmond, Douglas W. \"Vicente Guerrero\" in \"Encyclopedia of Mexico\". Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn 1997, pp. 616–18. - Sims, Harold. \"The Expulsion of Mexico's Spaniards, 1821–1836\". Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press 1990. - Sprague, William. \"Vicente Guerrero, Mexican Liberator: A Study in Patriotism\". Chicago"
},
{
"title": "Vicente Guerrero",
"text": ": Donnelley 1939. - Vincent, Theodore G. \"The Legacy of Vicente Guerrero, Mexico's First Black Indian President\". University of Florida Press 2001.</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Vicente Guerrero",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Latin America/Africa"
}
|
factscore-000359
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Asafa Powell.
|
[
{
"title": "Asafa Powell",
"text": "<s>Asafa Powell Asafa Powell, CD (born 23 November 1982) is a retired Jamaican sprinter who specialised in the 100 metres. He set the 100 metres world record twice, between June 2005 and May 2008 with times of 9.77 and 9.74 seconds. Powell has consistently broken the 10-second barrier in competition, with his personal best of 9.72 s ranking fourth on the all-time list of men's 100-metre athletes. As of 1 September 2016, Powell has broken the ten-second barrier more times than anyone else—97 times. He currently holds the world record for the 100-yard dash with a time of 9.09 s, set on 27 May 2010 in Ostrava, Czech Republic. At the 2016 Rio Olympic Games, he won a gold medal in the 4 x 100 metres relay. Powell competed in the 100 m at the 2004, 2008 and 2012 Olympics, finishing fifth in 2004 and 2008 and eighth after injuring his groin during the race in 2012. At the 2007 Osaka World Championships, he won a bronze and a silver medal in the 100 m and 4 x 100 m relay respectively, and he was successful at the Commonwealth Games, winning two golds and one silver medal. At"
},
{
"title": "Asafa Powell",
"text": " the 2009 World Championships, he won the 100 m bronze and relay gold. Powell has won five times at the IAAF World Athletics Final and was the former 100 m world record holder in the event. In 2013, Powell tested positive for the stimulant oxilofrine along with teammate Sherone Simpson and voluntarily withdrew from the 2013 World Athletics Championships as a result, though both maintained they did not take any banned supplements knowingly or willfully. On 10 April 2014, they received an 18-month suspension from competing, which was set to expire in December that year. However the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) lifted both athletes' suspensions on 14 July 2014, finding that the positive tests were caused by the presence of oxilofrine, undisclosed by the manufacturer, in a supplement taken by the pair.</s><s>Biography and sprinting career. Born in Spanish Town, Jamaica, Asafa Powell is the youngest of six sons of two ministers. Asafa attended Ewarton Primary School and Charlemont High School, both in St. Catherine, Jamaica. Powell planned to be a mechanic before he took up running while studying in Kingston, Jamaica. His eldest brother Donovan, was a 60 m finalist in the 1999 World Indoor Championships. Running"
},
{
"title": "Asafa Powell",
"text": " runs in the family: His brothers clocked 9.5 seconds for the 100 yd dash, his mother 11.4 s, and his father 10.2 s. Powell is a member of the MVP (Maximising Velocity and Power) Track & Field Club based at the University of Technology, Jamaica and has been coached by Stephen Francis since 2001.</s><s>Biography and sprinting career.:2000–2005: Early career. Powell represented his school Charlemont High at the ISSA High School Championships. On 11 April he finished fourth in the Class 1 200 m, in 23.07 with a −1.7 m/s headwind. On 13 April, he finished third in his heat of the Boy's Class 1 100 m, recording 11.45 with a −2.3 m/s headwind. Neither time recorded in the heats was quick enough to advance him to the next round of competition. Powell again represented Charlemont High at the ISSA High School Boy And Girls Championships, finishing seventh in the Class 1 100 m Final. Recognizing some talent, coach Stephen Francis started coaching Powell one week later. The coach looked for a way to give the tall teenager a faster start. After searching the island, Stephen"
},
{
"title": "Asafa Powell",
"text": " Francis found a 100 m stretch of road with a 10% slope and trains his runners on that. Powell vindicated Francis by winning the Boys Under-20 100 m event in 10.50 seconds at the JAAA National Championships on 22 June. At the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester, Powell finished fifth in the semi-finals of the 100 m event, setting a personal best of 10.26 s. Powell, along with Michael Frater, Dwight Thomas and Christopher Williams formed the Jamaican 4×100 m relay team that went on to win a silver medal. Powell finished just behind Darren Campbell in the last leg of the relay, with both men finishing in 38.62 s. Powell won the Jamaican 100 m National Championship in 2003. Powell came to attention within the world of athletics at the 2003 World Championships, when he suffered the ignominy of being 'the other athlete' disqualified for a false start in the quarter-final. This was when Jon Drummond memorably refused to leave the track having suffered the same fate, both athletes moved less than 0.1 s after the gun had fired, with Powell's reactions being timed at 0.086 s. Six days later Powell was added to the 4 × 100"
},
{
"title": "Asafa Powell",
"text": " m relay team for the semi-final, running as the anchor. He helped the team qualify for the final, recording the second fastest time. Powell never had a chance to run for a medal in the final as the second baton exchange was not executed cleanly and the Jamaican team failed to finish. During the 2003 season, Powell won two IAAF Grand Prix events, one of which was an AF Golden League event. He finished seventh in 10.23 s in the 100 m at the IAAF World Athletics Final. On 12 June, Powell recorded his first sub-10 100 m race time (9.99 s +1.8 m/s) while participating in the National Junior Track and Field Championships, held at the GC Foster College in Spanish Town. Two weeks later Powell became one of the favourites for a medal in the 100 m at the 2004 Athens Olympics after winning the Jamaican National Championships with a personal best time of 9.91 s. Although he ended the season with a record-equaling nine sub-10 second runs, Powell finished just fifth in the highly competitive Olympic final, with a time of 9.94 s. Following this he pulled out of the 200 m final, even though he had already qualified"
},
{
"title": "Asafa Powell",
"text": " eighth for it earlier on. Powell did not get the chance to run for a medal in the 4 × 100 m relay, as the Jamaican team failed to qualify for the final with a season best 38.71 s fourth-place finish in their heat. Following his Olympic disappointment Powell set a new national record of 9.87 s for the 100 m at the Memorial Van Damme in Bruxelles on 3 September. He recorded five IAAF Grand Prix wins in 2004. In addition, he became the first man to win both the 100 m and 200 m races at the World Athletics Final in championship record time. Powell was world ranked number one for the 100 m and number four for the 200 m at the end of the season. Powell set a new national record of 9.84 s at the Jamaica International Invitational in May. He gained some consolation for his Olympic performance by breaking the 100 m world record in Athens on 14 June 2005, setting a time of 9.77 s, beating American Tim Montgomery's 2002 record of 9.78 s (which was later annulled due to doping charges against Montgomery) by just 0.01 s. Coincidentally, Powell achieved the feat on the same track as Maurice Greene's 1999"
},
{
"title": "Asafa Powell",
"text": " world record run of 9.79 s. Wind assistance for Powell was measured at 1.6 m/s, within the IAAF legal limit of 2.0 m/s. Powell again won the 100 m final at the Jamaican National Championships. A groin injury in July cut short his season and forced him to miss the World Championships. His season ended with just two IAAF Grand Prix event wins. Despite his shortened season, Powell had the three fastest 100 m times of the year, received the Caribbean And Central American (CAC) Male Athlete of the Year award, and ranked second in the world.</s><s>Biography and sprinting career.:2006–2007: Worldwide success. 2006 was Powell's most successful season. He won the 2006 Commonwealth Games 100 metres race after a drama-filled semi-final which saw two disqualifications and three false starts. Powell himself ran into another competitor's lane while looking at the scoreboard, however he was held not to have impeded the runner. He also anchored the 4 × 100 m relay team, and finished the Commonwealth Games with two gold medals. In May, he won the 100 m at the Jamaica International Invitational in 9.95 s. In addition to winning the 200 m"
},
{
"title": "Asafa Powell",
"text": " at the Jamaican National Championships in June, he won ten 100 m IAAF Grand Prix events, including all six Golden League events. Powell then equalled his world record time on 11 June 2006 at Gateshead International Stadium with wind assistance measured at +1.5 m/s. The exact time was 9.7629 s, which was rounded up to 9.77 s as per IAAF rules. On 18 August 2006 in Zürich, Powell equalled it again for the second time with wind assistance at +1.0 m/s. He won his sixth IAAF Golden League event (for the 100 m) in the same season, thus earning him a total of $250,000 in prize money. Powell also won the 100 m at the World Athletics Final, again setting a new championship record on 9 September. One week later at the World Cup in Athletics, the Americas team anchored by Powell recorded a DNF. In October, Powell again received the Caribbean And Central American (CAC) Male Athlete of the Year award. On 12 November 2006, he was awarded the title of 2006 Male IAAF World Athlete of the Year along with a cheque for $100,000. He also received the honour of Track"
},
{
"title": "Asafa Powell",
"text": " & Field Athlete of the Year for 2006. On 5 January 2007, Powell received the Commonwealth Games Sports Foundation Athlete of the Year award. On 3 February he was honoured at the International Sports Group (ISG) Awards Banquet, held in New York. In addition, Powell was nominated for the Laureus World Sports Awards Sportsman of the Year award. Suffering from knee Tendinitis and missing weeks of training Powell missed competing at the Penn Relays and the Jamaica International Invitational in May. Powell was again the Jamaican National Champion for the 100 m. Unfortunately, Powell again injured his groin while running the final at the Jamaica Championships. He only managed to finish third in the 100 m final at the 2007 World Championships in Osaka, Japan, behind Tyson Gay, who was considered Powell's biggest rival building up to the Championships. Derrick Atkins, Powell's second cousin, came second in 9.91 s. Powell himself finished in a time of 9.96 s (running in a 0.5 m/s headwind) after being passed by Tyson and Derrick Atkins in the late stages of the race. Later, Powell admitted that he panicked and gave up after seeing Tyson pass him, allowing Derrick Atkins also to overtake. Former American spr"
},
{
"title": "Asafa Powell",
"text": "inter Michael Johnson was critical of Powell's performance, stating: However, Powell did help to win the silver medal in the 4 × 100 m relay race. Running the anchor leg for the Jamaican team, he came from fifth and passed Great Britain at the line to help record a Jamaican national record of 37.89 s. The United States meanwhile took gold. On 9 September 2007, in the opening heats of the IAAF Grand Prix in Rieti, Italy, Powell ran a new world record time of 9.74 s (+1.7 m/s) in the 100 m, thus fulfilling the promise he had made earlier after his bronze medal in Osaka, that he would break the record by the end of the year. This was intended to make up for the disappointment of not becoming World Champion. Remarkably, Powell eased up in the final few metres of his record-setting run, indicating that he was saving his strength for the final. In the final itself, Powell finished in 9.78 s (0 m/s windspeed) and bettered his semi-final time when adjusted for wind assistance. Unfortunately, Powell ended his season on 30 September with a left hamstring injury, which came about while running in the lead"
},
{
"title": "Asafa Powell",
"text": " of the 200 m race at the Super Track & Field meet in Yokohama, Japan. Powell finished 2007 with a total of five IAAF Grand Prix event wins, plus his second consecutive World Athletic Final 100 m win, with yet another championship record. For the third consecutive year Powell won the Caribbean And Central American (CAC) Male Athlete of the Year award. Powell closed the year receiving the IAAF Performance of the Year award, for his 9.74 s world record, and was ranked second in the world.</s><s>Biography and sprinting career.:2008–2009: Olympics and World Championships. On 29 January 2008, Powell received the RJR Sports Foundation's 2007 Sportsman of the Year award. Powell's 2008 season started much as his 2007 season ended: with another injury. Powell was forced to pull out of the Sydney Grand Prix meeting, having suffered a gash to his left knee that required four stitches. The injury was a result of tripping on the steps of his home, hours before getting on the flight to Sydney on 12 February. Powell was again injured in April, this time with damage to his pectoral muscles. The injury forced Powell out of competition for two months, and was sustained while weight training in Jamaica during"
},
{
"title": "Asafa Powell",
"text": " mid-April. Surgery was required, and a visible scar was left on his right underarm. On 31 May, fellow Jamaican Usain Bolt ran a time of 9.72 s at the Reebok Grand Prix in New York, breaking Powell's 3-year dominance of the 100 m world record. On 11 July, Powell suffered his third injury of 2008 while leading in Heat 1 of the Golden Gala Roma, eventually finishing fifth. He had injured his groin (described as a \"strain\" and a \"cramp\"), and was forced to miss the next two events on the Grand Prix schedule. Powell made his comeback at the DN Galan meet, where he beat the new World Record holder Bolt, in a close race. The meet's top performers were a Jamaican 1–2–3–4 with Nesta Carter and Michael Frater following the pair. This top four would later combine to run the 4 × 100 m relay at the Olympics. Prior to the 2008 Olympics in Beijing, Powell hit back at the claims saying he lacked the mental strength needed to win an Olympic gold medal. Despite his words, the 100 m final saw Powell again finish in a disappointing fifth, recording a time of 9.95 s. Team"
},
{
"title": "Asafa Powell",
"text": "mates Bolt and Michael Frater also raced in the final. Bolt won and broke the record he set months earlier (finishing in 9.69 s) and Frater came sixth, recording his first sub-10 clocking at 9.97 s. Seven days later, Powell finally got his first Olympic medal as he anchored the Jamaican 4 × 100 m relay team to victory, helping establish a new world record in the process. His split time was recorded at 8.70 s (USATF High Performance Registered Split Analysis), bettering his previous record of 8.84 s set in Osaka, 2007. This is the fastest electronically timed anchor run in history, as Bob Hayes was hand timed as running between 8.6 and 8.9 seconds in the 1964 Olympics. The gold medal was later vacated by the IOC in 2017 when a retest of teammate Nesta Carter found the presence of the prohibited substance methylhexaneamine. On 2 September 2008, Powell ran a new personal best of 9.72 s in the 100 m with windspeed measured at +0.2 m/s. He accomplished this feat at the Athletissima Grand Prix in Lausanne, Switzerland. After the run, he said that Bolt's"
},
{
"title": "Asafa Powell",
"text": " record performance at the Olympics had inspired him to target a time of 9.59 s: Powell was optimistic about his future chances on the track, and philosophical as to why he could not peak in past major championships: Following his fifth-place finish in Beijing on 16 August, Powell recorded seven consecutive 100 m races under 9.90 s, including two races under 9.80 s. In addition, 2008 was Powell's second-best season on the Grand Prix circuit, claiming seven victories, plus his third consecutive win (and fourth overall) in the 100 m at the World Athletics Final. On his return to Jamaica, Powell was honoured in a homecoming celebration and received an Order of Distinction (Commander Rank) in recognition of his achievements at the Olympics. For the second consecutive year Powell ranked second in the world. Powell opened his season on 31 January at the Grace Jackson Invitational, held at Stadium East, Kingston, Jamaica. He ran the 400 metres, winning his heat in 47.75 s, placing him second overall in the four heat time-final. Powell ran the anchor leg for two relay teams at the Milo Western Relays held at the GC Foster College on 14 February. In his first race, his MVP team recorded a"
},
{
"title": "Asafa Powell",
"text": " new meet record and world leading time of 38.72 s for the 4 × 100 m relay. Later, he was timed at 46.27 s for his leg of the 4 × 400 metres relay, again winning the race for his MVP team. Powell next competed at the Sydney Track Classic in Australia on 28 February, again running the anchor leg in the 4 x 100 m relay and winning it in a new world leading time of 38.62 s. Two hours later, he ran a 400 m race, finishing 4th in a new personal best 45.94 s and shaving 1.23 s off his previous best time. After the 400 m race, Powell said: Five days later, Powell ran his first 100 m race of the season. Competing at the Melbourne Track Classic he ran a world leading 10.23 s, wind measuring −1.4 m/s on the coldest day of the year to date. On 16 April, Powell was nominated for the Laureus World Team of the Year award, as a member of the 2008 Jamaica Olympic Sprint Team. Powell then found himself involved in controversy when he was a last-minute \"no show\" at the UTech Track and Field Classic on 18 April"
},
{
"title": "Asafa Powell",
"text": ". He had previously been advertised to run the 200 m and 4 × 100 m relay races. Powell attended as a spectator. A press conference called three days later by the MVP Track Club did not fully answer questions as to why Powell did not compete. The matter was reported to the Jamaica Fair Trading Commission which started investigations on 23 April. Powell was next to run at the Penn Relays on 25 April, but on the morning of the event, the Jamaica Observer reported that he had withdrawn from the 4 × 100 m relay. His manager Paul Doyle stated that Powell would not run due to concerns with his ankle while running the curve on the Franklin Field track. The Jamaica Observer cited a \"highly placed source\" when reporting that Powell had turned his ankle in training at Utech. Despite the report, Powell ran the anchor leg of the relay but aggravated the ankle injury, pulled up and finished ninth in 41.24 s. Scheduled to run at the IAAF Super Grand Prix in Doha on 8 May, Powell withdrew from the event, citing the need for sufficient time for his injured ankle to properly heal. He finished seventh in his first event returning from injury, the Reebok Grand Prix held in New York at Icahn Stadium on 30 May. When interviewed he stated that"
},
{
"title": "Asafa Powell",
"text": " his ankle was very weak but not painful. He finished second in his next event, the Prefontaine Classic eight days later. On 27 June, he qualified for the 100 m at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics with a second-place finish in 9.97 s at the Jamaican national championships. At the Bislett Games on 3 July, Powell overcame a poor start to win the 100 m in a 10.07 s photo finish. Four days later he recorded the same time in winning the Athletissima 100 m. Although he improved his season's best to 9.88 s, he finished second to Tyson Gay at the Golden Gala Roma on 10 July. Powell next ran the 100 m at the International Meeting of Athletics' Sports Solidarity, a charity event that encourages the participation of disabled athletes, finishing third. At the 2009 World Championships in Athletics, Powell took bronze in the finals of the 100 m meet with a time of 9.84 seconds, while compatriot Bolt broke his own world record by running 9.58 seconds. Eight days later, on 22 August, Powell helped Jamaica claim gold in the 4 × 100 m relay by running the anchor leg. The time of 37.31 seconds set was a new Championship Record for the event.</s><s>"
},
{
"title": "Asafa Powell",
"text": "Biography and sprinting career.:2010–2011. Asafa Powell opened his 2010 season on 20 February at the UWI Invitational Meet in Jamaica by competing in the 400 m. He won his heat in a time of 47.56 s but was placed 3rd overall according to his time. He then ran the 200 m at the UTech Classic on 17 April 2010, also in his homeland. He competed in the 200 m in heavy rain and cold conditions. Powell opened up a huge lead in the first 100 m, after which he slowed drastically and won his heat in 21.27 s in a 1 m/s headwind. Later, it was reported that Powell had suffered minor cramps on his left calf muscles, which was why he had to slow down. Powell was next scheduled to run in the highly anticipated 4x100 m Penn Relays featuring Jamaica Yellow, and competing against Usain Bolt (Jamaica Black). However, he pulled out of the race as it was reported by his assistant coach that he had an injured toe, which would need some time to heal. At the IAAF Diamond League in Doha, Powell made a wind aided time of 9.75 s in the heat and 9."
},
{
"title": "Asafa Powell",
"text": "81 s in the final, also wind-aided. He subsequently set a 100 m world leading time of 9.83 s. En route to this performance, he also set the rarely run 100 yards dash world best at 9.07 s, beating the previous record of 9.21 s set by Charlie Greene. Powell next competed at the DKF Bislett Games in Oslo, Norway, where he powered to a splendid victory with a wind-aided 9.72 s. A week later, he competed at the Golden Gala in Rome, Italy, where he overcame a very poor reaction time at the start to take another victory in a World Leading time of 9.82 s. It was reported that Powell ended his six-year contract with leading sports brand Nike due to sponsorship problems, and rumours spread that he has a new contract with fast upcoming Chinese sports brand Li-Ning. Asafa next competed in the 200 m of the Jamaican Senior Trials where he won the final in 19.97 s, his second fastest ever. There, for the first time, he promoted his new Li Ning outfit. Powell next competed in Gateshead where he got off to a terrific start but lost to fast finishing Tyson Gay, who took the victory"
},
{
"title": "Asafa Powell",
"text": " in 9.94 s to Powell's 9.96 s in a strong 1.7 m/s headwind. Powell was not very disappointed as he mentioned that he got too relaxed, thus allowing Gay to outdo him in the final strides. The next race in Paris against Usain Bolt was a disappointing one. Although he had a good start, Bolt caught him at halfway point, and Asafa began to lose his fluent running form. He finished 2nd to Bolt in 9.91 s, 0.07 s slower than his rival and also into a slight headwind. Asafa said that he had a very bad race, which he hoped to improve in his upcoming races. Unfortunately for Powell, there was not a 'next race' for him. He picked up strains from his Paris meeting, which aggravated to hamstring and back problems. Powell missed his next two outings where he was scheduled to clash against Bolt and Gay. Powell ended his splendid 2010 season on a disappointing note, even though he expressed satisfaction on the races that he competed for the year. Asafa opened his 2011 season on 16 April at the National Stadium in Kingston, Jamaica. He ran the 200 m where he came in third after what looked to be a good first 140"
},
{
"title": "Asafa Powell",
"text": " m, slowing down significantly at the last quarter of the race. His time was 20.55 s for the race behind Yohan Blake and Daniel Bailey. Powell ran his next race was the 4 x 100 m relay, USA vs The World, at the Penn Relays 2011, on 28 April. He ran the unusual first leg for Jamaica as he blasted off like a bullet to give Jamaica the lead. Jamaica won the event in a world leading time of 38.33 s, ahead of USA Red and USA Blue teams respectively. He stated after the run that he was in good shape, and looking forward to do great things in the year ahead. Powell next ran the 200 m at the Jamaica International Invitational Meet on 7 May. He looked promising in the first 120 m, after which he slowed down drastically, finishing in last place with a time of 21.40 s, in a race won by Jamaican Nickel Ashmeade. He later stated that he felt a minor pain in his hamstring, and backed off as a precaution, but insisted that it was nothing serious. In the second meeting of the 2011 IAAF Diamond League at Shanghai Golden Grand Prix, Powell won the 100 m with a time of 9.95 seconds. Powell next"
},
{
"title": "Asafa Powell",
"text": " ran at the IAAF Diamond League in Rome against Usain Bolt on 26 May. Powell had a superb start and mid, but he faded towards the end, only to allow the world record holder to surpass him in the final 10–12 m of the race. Bolt won in 9.91 s, and Powell came second in 9.93s. He said that he had lost focus, but is confident about beating Bolt after what he had done that day. Powell next competed in the IAAF World Challenge in Rabat, Morocco, in a low key meet. There, after running the first 20 m, he pulled up and finished last in 36.13 s, citing a precaution against a serious hamstring injury. Reports said that it was nothing serious, and he would be ready for the Jamaican Trials later in the month. At the Jamaican Trials 23–24 July, Powell looked impressive as he qualified through the rounds. He posted a season best of 9.90s in his semi-final, despite easing off in the final 1 5m. Later, after overcoming a bad start, Powell won the final to be titled National Champion for the fifth time in his career. He won in a time of 10.08 s into a 1."
},
{
"title": "Asafa Powell",
"text": "8 m/s headwind. Yohan Blake and Steve Mullings were second and third respectively with only 0.01 s separating them. Next up for Powell was the Diamond League Athletissima in Lausanne on 30 June. In chilly conditions not ideal for sprinting, the former world record holder bulleted out of his blocks and ran to the tape, recording a world-leading 9.78 s with a following wind of 1.0 m/s. Powell was indeed happy with his strong performance, his fastest in three years, and full of confidence about the rest of the season and IAAF World Championships in Daegu, South Koreaa in late August. Next up for Powell was the IAAF Diamond League Meeting in Birmingham, England on 10 July. He became the first man in history to break the 10 seconds barrier in the Sir Alexander Stadium when he clocked a very easy looking 9.95 s in his heat. Later, in the final, he eased to a 9.91 s victory where compatriots Nesta Carter and Michael Frater finished second and third respectively. Powell was satisfied with both his races, stating that he took both the races easy due to very chilly and rainy conditions. Asafa seemed more and more confident heading"
},
{
"title": "Asafa Powell",
"text": " into the World Championships in late August. Powell next competed on 30 July in Budapest at the Hungarian Grand Prix. He ran 9.90 s in his heats and eased through the final to win in 9.86 s, having followed winds of 1.8 m/s and 2.0 m/s respectively, in cold conditions. Powell was next slated to run the Aviva London Grand Prix, but he pulled out, citing a groin strain. Later in late August, just a couple of days before the start of the World Championships in Daegu, Powell shocked the world by pulling out of the highly anticipated 100 m as his groin strain was re-aggravated and did not allow him to compete. Powell expressed great disappointment but vowed to come back strong for the London Olympics in 2012, but still hoped to run the 4x100 m relay in Daegu. However, he was unfit to run the relay and had to watch his compatriots win gold in a world record time of 37.04 s. Powell competed in the 100 m at the Diamond League Final in Zurich on 9 September. He looked very impressive in the first 60 m, but faded to second place as newly crowned world champion, Yohan Blake, took victory in"
},
{
"title": "Asafa Powell",
"text": " 9.82 s. Powell registered a 9.95 s run, which was impressive given the fact that his injury was still present. By completing the race, the sprinter took the Samsung Diamond Trophy with $40,000 in cash. Powell ended his season with another injury, almost a repeat of year 2010, where he showed excellent form in the first half of the year but unfortunately suffered injuries.</s><s>Biography and sprinting career.:2010–2011.:2012 London Olympics. In a ceremony held on 24 February, Powell received the University of Technology (UTech) Chancellor's Medal as well as Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Award International Ambassador role. He ran a personal best for the 60 metres at the Birmingham Indoor Grand Prix, setting a time of 6.50 seconds. On the 2012 IAAF Diamond League circuit, he was narrowly beaten by Justin Gatlin in Doha (runner-up in 9.88 seconds), then won the 100 m at the Shanghai Golden Grand Prix a week later. On 5 August 2012, Asafa Powell ran in the final of the 100 m race at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom. After back-to-back 5th-place finishes in Athens and Beijing, 2004 and 2008 respectively"
},
{
"title": "Asafa Powell",
"text": ", Powell had his most disastrous final yet when he finished dead last with a time of 11.99 seconds, pulling up after seeing others pulling ahead of him, but it was ultimately due to a persistent groin injury. Powell said:\"It was my old groin injury that reoccurred. I felt it and it started to go. You never want to get injured, but it is a bit of a disaster when it happens in the Olympic final.\" Usain Bolt took the gold with Yohan Blake getting the silver and Justin Gatlin the bronze. As a result, Powell along with longtime rival Tyson Gay who finished 4th, remain as two of the three fastest men of all time to never have won any individual Olympic medals of any type. After the race, Jamaica's track and field manager Ludlow Watts lavished praise on Powell:Powell actually started this great change in our sprinting, and he's still a champion. Following the race, Powell had an ultrasound showing new tears in his adductor muscles as well as scar tissue in a previous injury. The groin injury appears to be season-ending as manager Paul Doyle believes he will miss the remainder of the year. \"I don't think it looks good for the rest of the season for Asafa,\" he lamented"
},
{
"title": "Asafa Powell",
"text": ". Powell was not able to compete for Jamaica in the men's 4 × 100 m relay on 10 August. Powell released an apparel and accessories line branded \"Sub 10 King\" and many others, also opening up his personal website www.iamasafa.com for people's viewing and a platform to purchase his products.</s><s>Biography and sprinting career.:2010–2011.:2013-14 Suspension & Appeal. On 14 July 2013 Powell announced he had had tested positive for the banned drug oxilofrine in 2013 and withdrew from the 2013 World Athletics Championships as a result, but maintained that he did not take any banned supplements knowingly or willfully. Powell and fellow Jamaican sprinter, Sherone Simpson had taken the supplement Ephiphany D1 as part of their training regimen, not knowing it contained oxilofrine. It was later revealed that Acacia was substituted with oxilofrine, and not revealed by the manufacturer. The duo sued the company that sold the supplement, Dynamic Life Nutrition (DLN), in order to clear their names. Both Powell and Simpson reached an out of court settlement for an undisclosed amount in September 2015. After the settlement, Simpson released a statement stating: \"Both Asafa and I are happy that we were able to settle"
},
{
"title": "Asafa Powell",
"text": " this out of court.\" In April 2014, the Jamaica Anti-Doping Commission suspended him for 18 months over doping charges, expiring in December that year. However, after he and Simpson appealed to the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS), the suspensions were reduced to the 6 months already served as CAS accepted the explanation that the offense was minor and due to contamination of the Epiphany D1 supplement.</s><s>Biography and sprinting career.:2010–2011.:2016 Rio Olympics. On 19 August 2016, Powell made a triumphant Olympic return, competing as part of the Jamaican 4 × 100 m men's relay team and winning a gold medal. After Jamaican team gold medal in 2008 Olympics were stripped, this medal win will be his only gold medal at Olympic Games.</s><s>Biography and sprinting career.:Physiology and running style. Despite Powell's size ( tall, weighing ), he has fast initial acceleration. In the Japanese sports Science institute in 2008, Asafa Powell was measured to have a small cross sectional area of his quadriceps tendon stretched with 114 kilograms of pull force, compared to sprinter Nobuharu Asahara's measurement of 59 kilograms, and the average mans as being 43 kilograms. Powell was also noted as having a"
},
{
"title": "Asafa Powell",
"text": " large Psoas major muscle in the Japanese sports science institute. Coupled with comparatively high stiffness in his ligaments and tendons, his long legs provide a long stride of 2.6 metres with rapid progression between each stride.</s><s>Personal life. Powell is deeply religious, citing his mother and father and his strict upbringing as the reason for this. In 2002, tragedy struck the Powell family when one of Asafa's brothers, Michael Powell, was shot dead in a taxi in New York. This emotional event happened the week of the Jamaica National Trials. In 2003, Asafa lost another brother during the week of the Jamaica National Championships. One year after the death of Michael, Vaughn Powell suffered a heart attack while playing a game of American football. In April 2007, Corey Reid, an uncle of Powell, was stabbed in Waterloo, Ewarton, St. Catherine. He later died in hospital. Powell married Canadian model Alyshia Powell in 2019. Powell has four children-two with his wife, Amieke Powell and Azhaf Powell and two from previous relationships, Avani Powell and Liam Powell. Powell is known to be occasionally shy but nonetheless good-natured and somewhat of a joker. He is good friends with compatriot, 100 and 200"
},
{
"title": "Asafa Powell",
"text": "-metre world record holder Usain Bolt. The two are often seen joking around and do meet off the track. Powell is an avid car enthusiast. Powell announced his retirement from Track and Field on November 23, 2022. He and his wife, Alyshia have successfully grown an online audience through The Powells Youtube vlog, which reached 100,000 subscribers in March 2023. They also recently launched The Fast Lane Lifestyle podcast, which the couple says is \"a show about our life, raw and unfiltered\". Powell will continue to further his business interests, vlogging, podcast, foundation and much more with his wife, Alyshia. Their fans from all over the world are looking forward to seeing what's next for the Powells!</s><s>Sponsorship. - Powell has been under contract with Nike since 2004, representing them in all his IAAF races, and agreed to appear in various advertising campaigns for the company. Nike designed and built the Zoom Aerofly shoes for him, which were used at the 2008 Beijing Games. However, Powell ended his contract with Nike in mid-2010, and signed up with leading Chinese sports brand Li Ning. He has signed with Puma in 2015. - GlaxoSmithKline, through its"
},
{
"title": "Asafa Powell",
"text": " energy drink Lucozade, has sponsored Powell since he first broke the 100 m World Record in 2005. They honoured his Beijing achievements in a small function in October 2008. - In January 2006, Powell signed as a global brand spokesperson for Nutrilite. Nutrilite products are sold through the Amway corporation. On 14 January 2009 Amway's Team Nutrilite ended the sponsorship agreement with Powell.</s><s>Accomplishments and major competition results.</s><s>Accomplishments and major competition results.:Competition record. - 60 metres 100 metres - 200 metres - 4×100 metres relay</s><s>Accomplishments and major competition results.:Miscellaneous accomplishment. - Sub-10.0 runs, Season (100 m) - Powell was the first man to have run legally under 10.00 seconds 15 times in a single season (2008). - IAAF World Athletics Tour wins Powell has recorded a total of 35 wins in IAAF Grand Prix events, 14 coming in Golden League events and 12 in IAAF Super Grand Prix events. In the seven-year history of the IAAF World Athletics Final (2003–2009), Powell won the most competitions of any male athlete and took home the most prize money in the male events. In his seven appearances at"
},
{
"title": "Asafa Powell",
"text": " the competition, he won the 100 m four times and 200 m once, winning US$173,000 in total. - Time progression in the 100 m</s><s>See also. - Athletics in Jamaica - Jamaica at the Olympics - Jamaica at the 2006 Commonwealth Games - World record progression 100 metres men</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Asafa Powell",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Latin America/Africa"
}
|
factscore-000360
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Kevin Anderson (tennis).
|
[
{
"title": "Kevin Anderson (tennis)",
"text": "<s>Kevin Anderson (tennis) Kevin Michael Anderson (born 18 May 1986) is a South African former professional tennis player. He achieved his career-high Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) ranking of world No. 5 on 16 July 2018. He was the first South African to be ranked in the top 5 since Kevin Curren was No. 5 on 23 September 1985. On 6 February 2011, Anderson defeated Somdev Devvarman in his hometown of Johannesburg to capture the South African Open title for his first ATP Tour-level title. His second ATP title came at the 2012 Delray Beach Open when he defeated Marinko Matosevic. Anderson won his third championship in 2015 at the Winston-Salem Open with a victory over Pierre-Hugues Herbert. He ended 2017 winning the exhibition World Tennis Championship. His fourth title came in February 2018 at the New York Open. Anderson reached his maiden Grand Slam final at the 2017 US Open, where he lost to Rafael Nadal.{{Cite news }} In the 2018 Wimbledon semifinals, Anderson reached his second major final by defeating American John Isner in the second-longest match in the history of major tournaments. The match, which lasted 6 hours and 36 minutes, was only beaten in length by"
},
{
"title": "Kevin Anderson (tennis)",
"text": " the 2010 match between Isner and France's Nicolas Mahut. He then lost to Novak Djokovic in the final in straight sets. On 3 May 2022, Anderson announced his retirement at age 35.</s><s>Early years. Anderson started playing tennis at age 6 and was competitive in 800-metre races at school. On the eve of their meeting in the finals at the 2017 US Open, it emerged that as a 12-year old, Anderson regularly competed against future world number one Rafael Nadal on the juniors circuit.{{cite web }}</s><s>Collegiate career. Anderson played three seasons of college tennis in the United States at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. He was a three-time All-American in singles and two-time All-American in doubles. During his sophomore year (2005–06), he won the national doubles championships with playing partner Ryan Rowe.{{cite web }} In 2007, Anderson led Illinois to a runner-up team finish, losing to host Georgia on their home courts. In the championship dual match, Anderson lost at #1 singles to future ATP top-ten player, John Isner. During the singles tournament, Anderson lost in the semifinals to eventual two-time national champion, Som"
},
{
"title": "Kevin Anderson (tennis)",
"text": "dev Devvarman of Virginia. In doubles, Anderson and partner, Ryan Rowe, fell short of repeating as champions, losing in the championship match to Marco Born and Andreas Siljeström of Middle Tennessee State in three sets, after having a couple match points.</s><s>Professional career highlights.</s><s>Professional career highlights.:2003–2007: Early career. At age 17, Anderson entered his first professional tournament, winning four main-draw matches in the four-week tournament to earn a world ranking of No. 1178 from his only tournament of the year. He also finished the year with a doubles ranking of No. 902. In November, Anderson entered his third pro tournament and won the Botswana F1 to push his ranking to No. 769. He followed that up the next two weeks in South Africa, reaching the final in F1 and the semifinals in F2 to finish the year ranked No. 665 in singles from just 3 tournaments. At age 19, Anderson continued to play at the Futures level, exclusively in the United States, reaching the semifinals of USA F21 in August. In November, he played his first Challenger event in Champaign, qualifying and beating No. 192 Jan-Michael Gambill in the first round. He"
},
{
"title": "Kevin Anderson (tennis)",
"text": " finished the year ranked No. 766. In 2005, Anderson played his first pro tournaments of the year in June, again in the United States, reaching the finals of USA F13 and F21. He returned to Champaign again in November, beating No. 107 Kevin Kim to reach his first Challenger quarterfinal. He finished the year ranked No. 517. In doubles, he won a pair of USA Futures back to back in June and finished the year ranked No. 530. In 2006, Anderson again waited until June to play his first tournaments. He repeated as a finalist in USA F12, and then won USA F13 before qualifying two weeks later in the Winnetka Challenger and reaching the final to push his ranking to No. 310. He recorded his first win over a top-100 opponent in the qualifying for the ATP tournament in New Haven, beating No. 88 Chris Guccione, before losing in the main draw to No. 41 Arnaud Clément. In September 2007 in the Challenger in New Orleans, he needed to qualify to make the main draw in both singles and doubles, and won all 13 matches that week to take the singles and doubles titles, beating four top-200 singles players and the top three seeded doubles teams"
},
{
"title": "Kevin Anderson (tennis)",
"text": ". His Challenger success in New Orleans helped him to career-high rankings at the end of 2007 of No. 221 in singles and No. 398 in doubles.</s><s>Professional career highlights.:2008: First Grand Slam entry. Anderson began 2008 with a bit of success, reaching the quarters of the Challenger in New Caledonia before qualifying in his first Grand Slam attempt in Australia. He lost in the main draw first round to No. 84 Alejandro Falla in 5 sets, but his efforts got his ranking to a career high of No. 190. At the 2008 Tennis Channel Open in Las Vegas, as a qualifier, he managed to defeat sixth seed Michaël Llodra in straight sets, 6–2, 7–6. In the second round he beat giant John Isner 7–6, 7–5. He beat Evgeny Korolev in his first ever ATP quarter-final 6–2, 6–0. In the semi-finals he won in straight sets against Robby Ginepri to reach his first ever ATP tour final. In the final, he fell to Sam Querrey in 3 sets. In the second round of the Sony Ericsson Open in Key Biscayne, Florida, he beat Novak Djokovic"
},
{
"title": "Kevin Anderson (tennis)",
"text": " for his first win against a top-10 player. At Wimbledon, Anderson and partner Robert Lindstedt of Sweden reached the quarterfinals before losing to the eventual tournament champions, Daniel Nestor and Nenad Zimonjić. Anderson also represented South Africa in the Beijing Olympics, defeating Komlavi Loglo before losing to Nicolas Kiefer 4–6, 7–6, 4–6 in the singles tournament and losing (with his partner Jeff Coetzee) to Nicolás Almagro and David Ferrer of Spain 6–3, 3–6, 4–6.</s><s>Professional career highlights.:2009: Victory at Sanremo Challenger. After a slow start to the year, he won the Sanremo Challenger in May, beating Blaž Kavčič in the final in three sets. At the Aegon Championships (Queen's Club, London), Anderson won three matches to qualify, and then defeated no. 57 Fabio Fognini in the first round of the main draw, before losing to no. 46 Sam Querrey in the second round.</s><s>Professional career highlights.:2010: 3rd Round at US Open and Canadian Masters. At Wimbledon, he was defeated by seventh seed Nikolay Dav"
},
{
"title": "Kevin Anderson (tennis)",
"text": "ydenko after winning the first two sets. Anderson advanced to the semifinals of the 2010 Atlanta Tennis Championships in July, upsetting fifth seed Janko Tipsarević in the first round. He qualified and reached the third round of the Rogers Cup in Toronto, beating Leonardo Mayer and Sam Querrey before losing to no. 1 Rafael Nadal. He then won his first Grand Slam match at the US Open over Somdev Devvarman in straight sets and backed it up with a five-set win over 26th seed Thomaz Bellucci.</s><s>Professional career highlights.:2011: First Career ATP title. He began the 2011 season by advancing to the semifinals of the Brisbane International Tournament, before losing to Andy Roddick in three sets. He then went on to lose in the first round of the Australian Open to Blaž Kavčič. At the SA Open, (Anderson's home event), he claimed his maiden ATP Tour title, by beating Indian Somdev Devvarman, rising 19 positions in the ATP rankings to a career high of No. 40. He reached a career-high of world no. 33 after making the quarterfinals of the 2011 Sony Ericsson Open. At the Atlanta Tennis Championships, Anderson reached the quarterfinals as the"
},
{
"title": "Kevin Anderson (tennis)",
"text": " second seed, defeating Michael Russell, before losing in straight sets to Gilles Müller. Next at the Legg Mason Tennis Classic, Anderson defeated Chris Guccione in the second round, before being defeated by Victor Troicki in the third round. At the 2011 Rogers Cup, he defeated Pablo Andújar in straight sets before beating an out-of-sorts Andy Murray in the second round with an easy victory.{{cite web }} He was defeated in the third round by Stanislas Wawrinka in a tight three set contest.</s><s>Professional career highlights.:2012: Second ATP title. Anderson opened 2012 with a third-round loss at the 2012 Australian Open. He followed it up with a win in Delray Beach, defeating qualifier Marinko Matosevic in the final. At the French Open, he reached a career-best third round, where he was defeated by seventh seed Tomáš Berdych in five sets.</s><s>Professional career highlights.:2013: Grand Slam 4th-round appearance. Anderson started the year at the Sydney International, where he reached the final, but lost to Australian Bernard Tomic in three sets. At the 2013 Australian Open, he defeated Fernando Verdasco in the third round, but lost"
},
{
"title": "Kevin Anderson (tennis)",
"text": " to Tomáš Berdych in the fourth round. This was his career best in any Grand Slam event. He played at Indian Wells, where he knocked out fourth seed David Ferrer. He reached the quarterfinals there before losing to Tomáš Berdych. He reached the fourth round of the French Open, before falling to Ferrer in straight sets. At Wimbledon, he lost in the third round to Berdych. He reached the final in Atlanta in July, but lost his third final of the year in three tiebreaks to John Isner.</s><s>Professional career highlights.:2014: Four wins against top-5 opponents. Anderson started the year by reaching the fourth round of the Australian Open, before being knocked out in straight sets by Tomáš Berdych. He then reached the final at Delray Beach, before losing to Marin Čilić in two tiebreaks. At the Mexican Open held in Acapulco, he again reached the final, losing to Grigor Dimitrov in three sets, with tiebreaks in the first and third sets. In the Indian Wells Masters, Anderson reached the quarterfinals, after beating third seed Stan Wawrinka in three sets. He lost to Roger Federer in straight sets."
},
{
"title": "Kevin Anderson (tennis)",
"text": " At the 2014 Madrid Open, he beat Radek Štěpánek, before losing to Tomáš Berdych. He repeated his success of 2013 by again reaching the fourth round in the French Open, before losing to fifth seed David Ferrer in four sets. He then reached the quarterfinals of the AEGON Championships held at the Queen's Club, London, before losing to Radek Štěpánek. At the Wimbledon Championships he defeated Fabio Fognini to reach the fourth round, where he lost to Andy Murray. Anderson made it to the quarterfinals of the Masters 1000 event in Toronto after defeating Fognini and Stanislas Wawrinka. At the Cincinnati Masters, he had a disappointing first-round, straight-set exit at the hands of John Isner. He made it to the third round of the US Open, where he lost to eventual champion Marin Čilić. At the Paris Masters he again defeated Wawrinka to reach the quarterfinals, after which Tomas Berdych beat him. The South African ended the year no. 16 in the ATP year-end rankings.</s><s>Professional career highlights.:2015: Top-10 debut. Anderson"
},
{
"title": "Kevin Anderson (tennis)",
"text": " made the final in Memphis, losing to Kei Nishikori, but he made early exits in Estoril and Madrid. He then at Queen's Club made the final before being defeated by Andy Murray in straight sets. He again reached the fourth round at Wimbledon, where he led eventual champion Novak Djokovic two sets to love, taking both sets through tiebreakers. However, he was unable to sustain his form for the next three sets and eventually lost the match in five sets. Anderson became the champion of the ATP 250 in Winston-Salem, earning his third career singles title. Anderson's big moment came in the US Open, where he defeated Andy Murray, advancing to his first quarterfinals in a Grand Slam after seven attempts. He won the first two sets, then lost the third set via tiebreaker, but after a fourth set, Anderson pulled away, winning the tiebreaker 7–0 and captured the victory. He would next face Stan Wawrinka, whom he had beaten the last four times they played, including once that year. This was their eighth match overall, but the first at Grand Slam level. Wawrinka levelled the head-to-head at 4–4, beating Anderson in straight sets, including a bag"
},
{
"title": "Kevin Anderson (tennis)",
"text": "el in the third. Following the US Open, Anderson traveled to Asia for the Japan Open, where he lost in the round of 32 to Gilles Müller. Despite this loss, he reached a career-high ranking of No. 10 on 12 October, the first South African tennis player in the top 10 in 18 years. He then traveled to Shanghai for the Shanghai Masters (tennis), where he was defeated in the quarterfinals by Jo-Wilfried Tsonga. This was followed by the Vienna Open, where he lost to Steve Johnson in the quarterfinals. Traveling to Basel next, he was defeated by yet another American in Donald Young in the Round of 16. He reached the third round in the 2015 BNP Paribas Masters, but failed to capitalise on a match point against Rafael Nadal.</s><s>Professional career highlights.:2016: Injury struggles. Anderson started his season at Auckland as the fourth seed. He defeated Robin Haase in the second round, but lost to Jack Sock in the quarterfinals, despite winning the first set. Anderson was then scheduled to play at the Chennai Open, but withdrew due to a left knee injury. Anderson exited the Australian Open early in the first round and was advised to take some time off to sort out"
},
{
"title": "Kevin Anderson (tennis)",
"text": " problems with his shoulder. He took the break and also had minor surgery on his ankle while he was out. Anderson then returned to Delray Beach as the top seed. He lost the first set of his match against Austin Krajicek in the first round and then retired before the second set. Anderson did not play again on tour until May at the Madrid Open. He lost in the first round against 13th seed Gaël Monfils. Anderson then played in Rome as the 16th seed. Anderson won his first-round match against Feliciano López, but lost in the second round to Juan Mónaco, despite winning the first set. Anderson then competed in Nice as the third seed. He defeated qualifier Diego Schwartzman, before losing to fifth seed João Sousa. Anderson then played at the French Open as the 18th seed, where he lost in the first round to Stéphane Robert. Anderson started his grass season at Queen's Club. Since he entered late, he had to go through qualifying. Anderson defeated Edward Corrie and Jiří Veselý, both in straight sets, to enter the main draw. He then lost to Bernard Tomic in the first round of the main draw. Anderson then"
},
{
"title": "Kevin Anderson (tennis)",
"text": " played at Nottingham as the top seed. He defeated Ivan Dodig and 14th seed Fernando Verdasco to reach the quarterfinals, where he lost to sixth seed and eventual champion Steve Johnson. Anderson then played at Wimbledon as the 20th seed. He lost in the first round to Denis Istomin, despite winning the first two sets. Anderson played at the Citi Open as the ninth seed. He lost in the second round to Malek Jaziri, despite winning the first set. Anderson then played in the Rogers Cup. He won his first-round match against Viktor Troicki. He then defeated sixth seed Dominic Thiem because Thiem had to retire. He then reached the quarterfinals after he defeated 12th seed Bernard Tomic for the first time. Anderson, however, lost to Stan Wawrinka in straight sets. The US Open saw his best performance in a Grand Slam for the year, defeating both Yoshihito Nishioka and Vasek Pospisil in straight sets, before bowing out to Jo-Wilfried Tsonga in the third round, also in straight sets.</s><s>Professional career highlights.:2017: US Open final. 2017 was a better year for Anderson, despite a slow start. He began the"
},
{
"title": "Kevin Anderson (tennis)",
"text": " year at the Memphis Open in February, where he lost in the first round to Bosnian Damir Džumhur. He also lost in the first round of the Delray Beach Open to resurgent Juan Martín del Potro. In March, he made it to the second round of Indian Wells, where he lost to Steve Johnson. In Miami, he again made it to the second round, where he was defeated by Kei Nishikori. In Houston, he played doubles with Sam Querrey, making it to the semifinals before losing to Dustin Brown and Francis Tiafoe. He then traveled to Barcelona, where he got past Carlos Berlocq and David Ferrer, losing in the third round to eventual champion Rafael Nadal. In May, he defeated Richard Gasquet in the quarterfinals of Estoril, before succumbing to an in-form Gilles Müller in the semifinals. He had to go through qualifying in Rome, only to lose in the first round to eventual champion Alexander Zverev. He then traveled to Geneva, where he made it to the quarterfinals, falling again to Kei Nishikori in three tight sets. At the French Open, he had to retire from his fourth-round match against Marin �"
},
{
"title": "Kevin Anderson (tennis)",
"text": "�ilić. Anderson was back in action on the grass-court swing, making it to the second round of Eastbourne, where he lost to Richard Gasquet. At Wimbledon, he made it to the fourth round before falling to Sam Querrey in five sets. He had his best result at the Citi Open in Washington, where he defeated Dominic Thiem in the second round and Jack Sock in the semifinals to earn a runner-up finish against Alexander Zverev. Anderson also made the quarterfinals in Montréal, again falling to Zverev. After losing in the first round in Cincinnati, he withdrew from Winston-Salem. Anderson reached the quarterfinals at the 2017 US Open and defeated Sam Querrey in four sets. He defeated Pablo Carreño Busta in the semi-finals. In his first ever Slam final, he lost to Rafael Nadal in three sets.</s><s>Professional career highlights.:2018: 4th & 5th ATP titles, Wimbledon final, World No. 5. Anderson began his year at the 2018 Maharashtra Open in Pune, India. He reached the final, but fell 6–7, 2–6 to Gilles Simon. His next endeavor was at the 2018 Australian Open, where he"
},
{
"title": "Kevin Anderson (tennis)",
"text": " lost his first match in five sets to eventual semifinalist Kyle Edmund, despite being two sets up to one. The inaugural New York Open, his third tournament of the year, yielded his first tournament win of 2018. All of his matches went to three sets; his path to the final included beating American rising star Frances Tiafoe and 2014 US Open finalist Kei Nishikori. He defeated American Sam Querrey in three sets. The win propelled him back into the top 10 since 2015 to be World No. 9, a new high.{{cite web }} This was followed up by his participation in the Mexican Open at Acapulco, where he beat Hyeon Chung in the quarterfinals. He reached the final but lost 4–6, 4–6 to Juan Martín del Potro. He reached the quarter-finals at the first two Masters 1000 events of the year, Miami and Indian Wells, losing to Borna Coric and Pablo Carreño Busta respectively, both times in a third set tiebreak. At the French Open, Anderson lost to the 5'7\" Diego Schwartzman in the fourth round. Schwartzman broke Anderson's serve nine times, the most times Anderson had ever been broken in one match."
},
{
"title": "Kevin Anderson (tennis)",
"text": "{{cite news }} At Wimbledon, Anderson was seeded eighth. He defeated Norbert Gombos, Andreas Seppi, 25th seed Philipp Kohlschreiber, and Gaël Monfils to reach his first quarterfinal at the tournament, where he faced eight-time champion, defending champion, and top seed Roger Federer. Federer dominated the match early, quickly claiming the first two sets and holding match points in the third. However, Anderson came back to upset Federer in what became a four-hour, five-set epic, winning 13–11 in the fifth set. He then faced John Isner in the semifinals, in what became the second longest match in Grand Slam history and the third longest men's singles match ever, lasting 6 hours and 36 minutes, ending 7–6, 6–7, 6–7, 6–4, 26–24. This was also the longest semifinal match in Grand Slam history. By reaching the final, Anderson became the first South African player to reach the Wimbledon men's singles final since Kevin Curren in 1985. He then lost to Novak Djokovic in the final in straight sets, despite having five set point chances in the third. However, with this run to"
},
{
"title": "Kevin Anderson (tennis)",
"text": " the final, he rose to a new career high of World No. 5. Anderson saw a strong start to the hard court season at the Rogers Cup, defeating fifth seed Grigor Dimitrov in the quarterfinals before losing in three close sets to Stefanos Tsitsipas in the semifinals. At the US Open, he was seeded fifth, defeating Ryan Harrison, Jeremy Chardy, and 28th seed Denis Shapovalov, being defeated by ninth seed Dominic Thiem in straight sets in the fourth round.</s><s>Professional career highlights.:2019: Sixth ATP title. Anderson began his season at the Maharashtra Open in Pune. He defeated Laslo Đere, seventh seed Jaume Munar, third seed Gilles Simon, and Ivo Karlović to win the title. At the Australian Open, Anderson was seeded fifth. He defeated Adrian Mannarino in four sets before being upset by Frances Tiafoe in the second round. Anderson was seeded fifth at Indian Wells but withdrew due to a right elbow injury. He was then seeded sixth at the Miami Open and progressed into the quarterfinals, where he was defeated in straight sets by in-form and eventual champion Roger Federer.</s><s>Professional career highlights.:2020: Right knee surgery. At the"
},
{
"title": "Kevin Anderson (tennis)",
"text": " 2020 Australian Open, Anderson lost to Taylor Fritz in five-sets. In February, he underwent surgery on his right knee for a torn meniscus.</s><s>Professional career highlights.:2021: Seventh ATP title and 350th ATP tour win. Kevin Anderson rebounded from his knee surgery and won his 7th ATP title at the Hall of Fame Tennis Championships by defeating Jenson Brooksby 7–6, 6–4. The championship victory marked his 350th win on the ATP tour.</s><s>Professional career highlights.:2022: Retirement. Anderson announced his retirement from professional tennis on 3 May 2022. He ended his singles career ranked No. 107. He played his last singles match at the 2022 Miami Open where he fell in a tough three sets to Juan Manuel Cerundolo as a lucky loser.</s><s>Personal life. Anderson married his college girlfriend, golfer Kelsey O'Neal, in 2011, and they bought a home in Delray Beach, Florida. His daughter, Keira, was born in September 2019. He is a permanent resident of the United States. Anderson plays the guitar and is a fan of the British rock band Dire Straits and Mark Knopfler.</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Kevin Anderson (tennis)",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Latin America/Africa"
}
|
factscore-000361
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva.
|
[
{
"title": "Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva",
"text": "<s>Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (; born Luiz Inácio da Silva; 27 October 1945), known as Lula, is a Brazilian politician who is the 39th and current president of Brazil. A member of the Workers' Party, he previously served as the 35th president of Brazil from 2003 to 2010. Of working-class origin, Lula migrated as a child from Pernambuco to São Paulo with his family. As a teenager, he began his career as a metalworker and became a trade unionist. During the military dictatorship in Brazil, he led major workers' strikes between 1978 and 1980, and helped start the Workers' Party in 1980, during Brazil's political opening. Lula was one of the main leaders of the Diretas Já movement, which demanded democratic elections. In the 1986 Brazilian legislative election, he was elected as a federal deputy in the state of São Paulo, with the most votes nationwide. He ran his first major campaign in the 1989 Brazilian presidential election, losing in the second round to Fernando Collor de Mello. He went on to lose two other presidential elections in 1994 and 1998 to Fernando Henrique Cardoso, before"
},
{
"title": "Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva",
"text": " becoming president in the 2002 Brazilian presidential election, in which he defeated José Serra in the runoff. In 2006, he was re-elected as president, defeating Geraldo Alckmin in the second round. Described as left-wing, his first presidency, which coincided with the first pink tide in the region, was marked by the consolidation of social welfare programs such as Bolsa Família and Fome Zero, which propelled Brazil to leave the United Nations' Hunger Map. During his two terms in office, he undertook radical reforms in the country, which eventually led to growth in GDP, reduction in public debt and inflation, and helping 20 million Brazilians escape poverty. Poverty, inequality, illiteracy, unemployment, infant mortality, and child labor rates fell significantly, while the minimum wage and average income increased, and access to school, university, and health care was expanded. He also played a prominent role in foreign policy, both on a regional level (as part of the BRICS) and as part of global trade and environmental negotiations. Lula was considered one of the most popular politicians in the history of Brazil, and was one of the most popular in the world while president. Although popular, his first term was marked by notable scandals, such as the Mens"
},
{
"title": "Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva",
"text": "alão scandal and. After the 2010 Brazilian general election, he was succeeded by his former Chief of Staff, Dilma Rousseff. After his first presidency, Lula remained active in politics, and began giving lectures in Brazil and abroad. In 2016, he was appointed as Rousseff's Chief of Staff, but the appointment was suspended by the Supreme Federal Court. In July 2017, Lula was convicted on charges of money laundering and corruption in a controversial trial that was later nullified in April 2021 by the Supreme Court Justices, due to the court lacking proper jurisdiction over his case. Lula attempted to run in the 2018 Brazilian presidential election but was disqualified under Brazil's Ficha Limpa law. Before the annulment of his cases, he was sentenced to nine and a half years in prison, and after an unsuccessful appeal, Lula was arrested in April 2018 and spent 580 days in jail, until being released in November 2019, when the Supreme Federal Court ruled that his imprisonment was unlawful. In March 2021, the Supreme Court ruled that the federal judge presiding over the case, Sergio Moro, who served as Minister of Justice and Public Security in the presidency of Jair Bolsonaro, was biased, and all of the cases Moro had brought against L"
},
{
"title": "Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva",
"text": "ula were annulled in June 2021. Following the court ruling, Lula was legally allowed to make another run for president in the 2022 elections, defeating Bolsonaro in the runoff. He became the first Brazilian president to have been elected to a third term, and the first to have defeated an incumbent president in an election. At age 77, he was sworn in on 1 January 2023, as the oldest Brazilian president at the time of inauguration. A week later, the Praça dos Três Poderes was attacked in an invasion led by pro-Bolsonaro rioters. Lula condemned the attack and promised to punish everyone involved.</s><s>Early life. Luiz Inácio da Silva was born on 27 October 1945 (registered with a date of birth of 6 October 1945) in Caetés (then a district of Garanhuns), located 250 km (150 miles) from Recife, capital of Pernambuco, a state in the Northeast of Brazil. He was the seventh of eight children of Aristides Inácio da Silva and Eurídice Ferreira de Melo, a couple of farmers who experienced the famine in one of the poorest parts of the agreste. Two weeks after"
},
{
"title": "Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva",
"text": " Lula's birth, his father moved to Santos, São Paulo, with Valdomira Ferreira de Góis, a cousin of Eurídice. He was raised Roman Catholic. Lula's mother was of Portuguese and partial Italian descent. In December 1952, when Lula was seven years old, his mother moved the family to São Paulo to rejoin her husband. After a journey of 13 days in a \"pau-de-arara\" (open truck bed), they arrived in Guarujá and discovered that Aristides had formed a second family with Valdomira. Aristides's two families lived in the same house for some time, but they did not get along very well, and four years later, Eurídice moved with her children to a small room behind a bar in São Paulo. After that, Lula rarely saw his father, who died an alcoholic in 1978.</s><s>Personal life. Lula has been married three times. In 1969, he married Maria de Lourdes, who died of hepatitis in 1971 while pregnant with their first son, who also died. In 1974, Lula had a daughter, Lurian, with his then girlfriend, Miriam Cordeiro. The two were"
},
{
"title": "Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva",
"text": " never married, and he only began participating in his daughter's life when she was already a young adult. In 1974, Lula married Marisa Letícia Rocco Casa, a widow, with whom he then had three sons. He also adopted Marisa's son from her first marriage. Lula and Marisa remained married for 43 years, until her death on 2 February 2017 after a stroke. Still in 2017, he met and started a relationship with Rosângela da Silva, known as Janja, but it only became public in 2019 while he was serving time in jail in Curitiba, Paraná, due to corruption charges that were later dropped. Lula and Janja married on 18 May 2022.</s><s>Education and work. Lula has had little formal education. He did not learn to read until he was ten years old and quit school after the second grade to work and help his family. His first job at age 8 was still in Guarujá as a street vendor. When he was 12, he worked as shoeshiner and street vendor in São Paulo. In 1960, when he was 14, he got his first formal job in a warehouse. In 1961, he started working as an apprentice of press operator while studying"
},
{
"title": "Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva",
"text": " in a vocational course in a metallurgical industry that produced screws. In this period, Lula had his first contact with strike movements. After the movement failed in the negotiations, Lula left the company for another metallurgical industry. There, age 19, he lost his left pinkie finger in an accident, while working as a press operator in the factory. After the accident, he had to run to several hospitals before he received medical attention. This experience increased his interest in participating in the Workers' Union. Around that time, he became involved in union activities and held several important union posts.</s><s>Union career. Inspired by his brother Frei Chico, Lula joined the labour movement when he worked at, rising steadily through the ranks. He was elected in 1975, and reelected in 1978, as president of the Steel Workers' Union of São Bernardo do Campo and Diadema. Both cities are located in the ABCD Region, home to most of Brazil's automobile manufacturing facilities, including Ford, Volkswagen, Toyota, Mercedes-Benz and others, and are among the most industrialized in the country. In the late 1970s, when Brazil was under military rule, Lula helped organize union activities, including major strikes. Labour courts found the"
},
{
"title": "Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva",
"text": " strikes illegal, and Lula was jailed for a month. Due to this, and like other people imprisoned for political activities under the military government, Lula was awarded a lifetime pension after the fall of the military regime.</s><s>Political career. On 10 February 1980, a group of academics, intellectuals, and union leaders, including Lula, founded the \"Partido dos Trabalhadores\" (PT) or Workers' Party, a left-wing party with progressive ideas created in the midst of Brazil's military government. In 1982, he added the nickname Lula to his legal name. In 1983, he helped found the Central Única dos Trabalhadores (CUT) union association. In 1984, PT and Lula joined the popular \"Diretas Já!\" (\"Direct [Elections] Now!\") campaign, demanding a direct popular vote for the next Brazilian presidential election. According to the 1967 constitution, Presidents were at that time elected by both Houses of Congress in joint session, with representatives of all State Legislatures; this was widely recognised as a mere sham as, since the March 1964 coup d'état, each \"elected\" President had been a retired general chosen in a closed military caucus. Lula and the PT"
},
{
"title": "Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva",
"text": " supported the public demand for a change in the electoral system. But the campaign was defeated by a vote in Congress that rejected an amendment calling direct elections for the following year, and, in 1985, a civilian president, Tancredo Neves, was elected by the same indirect procedure, with Lula's support. Only four years later, as a direct result of \"Diretas Já!\" and after years of popular struggle, the 1989 elections were the first in 29 years to elect a president by direct popular vote.</s><s>Political career.:Elections. Lula first ran for office in 1982, for the state government of São Paulo, and lost. In the 1986 elections, Lula won a seat in Congress with the most votes nationwide. The Workers' Party helped write the country's post-military government Constitution, ensuring strong constitutional guarantees for workers' rights, but failed to achieve a proposed push for agrarian reform in the Constitutional text. Under Lula's leadership, the PT took a stance against the Constitution in the 1988 Constituent Assembly, reluctantly agreeing to sign the agreed draft at a later stage. In 1989, still as a Congressman, Lula ran as the PT candidate in the first democratic elections for president since 1960. Lula"
},
{
"title": "Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva",
"text": " and Leonel Brizola, two popular left-wing candidates, were expected to tie for first place. Lula was viewed as the more left-leaning of the two, advocating immediate land reform and a default on the external debt. A minor candidate, Fernando Collor de Mello, former governor of Alagoas, quickly amassed support among the nation's elite with a more business-friendly agenda. Collor became popular taking emphatic anti-corruption positions; he eventually beat Lula in the second round of the 1989 elections. In 1992, Collor resigned, under threat of impeachment for his alleged embezzlement of public money. Lula refused to run for re-election as a Congressman in 1990, busying himself with expanding the Workers' Party organizations around the country. As the political scene in the 1990s came under the sway of the Brazilian real monetary stabilization plan, which ended decades of rampant inflation, former PSDB Minister of Finance Fernando Henrique Cardoso defeated Lula in 1994 and again, by an even wider margin, in 1998. A 2010 article in \"The Washington Post\" said that, before winning the presidency, Lula had been a \"strident union organizer known for his bushy beard and Che Guevara T-shirts"
},
{
"title": "Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva",
"text": "\". In the 2002 campaign, Lula forswore both his informal clothing style and his platform plank of linking the payment of Brazil's foreign debt to a prior thorough audit. This last point had worried economists, businessmen and banks, who feared that even a partial Brazilian default along with the existing Argentine default would have a massive ripple effect through the world economy. Embracing political consultant Duda Mendonça's advice to pursue a more media-friendly image, Lula led the field in the first round of the 2002 election, held on 6 October, with a nearly two-to-one margin over PSDB candidate José Serra. He then defeated Serra in the runoff, to become the country's first leftist president following the fall of the military dictatorship in Brazil, with 61.3 percent of the vote. At the 1 October 2006 general elections, Lula came within a few thousand votes of being reelected in a single round (to date, Cardoso is the only person to win a first-round victory since the return of direct elections in 1989). He faced a run-off on 29 October and won by a substantial margin over the PSDB's Geraldo Alckmin, albeit with a slightly smaller share of the vote than he'd won in the 2002"
},
{
"title": "Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva",
"text": " runoff (60.83 percent vs 61.3 percent). In an interview published 26 August 2007, he said that he had no intention to seek a constitutional change so that he could run for a third consecutive term; he also said that he wanted \"to reach the end of [his] term in a strong position in order to influence the succession.\" In early September 2018, Brazil's top electoral court banned former president Lula da Silva from running for president on the 2018 general election due to his corruption conviction, in accordance with Lei da Ficha Limpa. Instead, Fernando Haddad ran for president on the Workers Party ticket and was defeated by Jair Bolsonaro, after securing nearly 45 percent of the popular vote in a run-off between the candidates.</s><s>First presidency (2003–2010). Lula served two terms as president from 2003 through 2010 and left office on 1 January 2011. During his farewell speech he said he felt an additional burden to prove that he could handle the presidency despite his humble beginnings. \"If I failed, it would be the workers' class which would be failing; it would be this country's poor who would be proving they did not have what it takes to rule.\"</s><s>First presidency (2003–2010).:Political"
},
{
"title": "Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva",
"text": " orientation. Very few of the proposed reforms were actually implemented during Lula's terms of office. Some wings of the Worker's Party disagreed with the increasing moderation in focus since the late eighties and have since left the party to form parties, such as the Workers' Cause Party, the United Socialist Workers' Party and during Lula's presidency the Socialism and Liberty Party. Alliances with old, traditional oligarch politicians, like former presidents José Sarney and Fernando Collor, have been a cause of disappointment for some.</s><s>First presidency (2003–2010).:Social projects. Lula put social programs at the top of his agenda during the campaigns and after election. From very early on his leading program was to eradicate hunger, following the lead of projects already put into practice by the Fernando Henrique Cardoso administration, but expanded by the new \"Fome Zero\" (\"Zero Hunger\") program. The program combined a series of programs with the goal of ending hunger in Brazil through the construction of water cisterns in Brazil's semi-arid region of Sertão, countering teenage pregnancy, strengthening family agriculture, distributing a minimum amount of cash to the poor and many other measures. Lula launched a housing aid program that was far superior in scope to the policies developed"
},
{
"title": "Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva",
"text": " until then. More than 15 billion euros were invested in water purification and the urbanization of favelas, and more than 40 billion in housing. As a priority, the government proposed to relocate the poor populations that occupy the \"risk zones\", prone to floods or landslides, and then to extend the electricity network, to launch work to relocate the streets and to improve the precarious housing. The government undertook to democratize access to real estate credit. During Lula's first term, child malnutrition decreased by 46%. In May 2010, the UN World Food Programme (WFP) awarded Lula da Silva the title of \"World Champion in the Fight against Hunger\". The largest assistance program was \"Bolsa Família\" (Family Allowance), which was based upon the previous \"Bolsa Escola\" (School Allowance), which was conditional on school attendance, first introduced in the city of Campinas by then-mayor José Roberto Magalhães Teixeira. Not long thereafter, other municipalities and states adopted similar programs. President Fernando Henrique Cardoso later federalized the program in 2001. In 2003, Lula formed \"Bolsa Família\" by combining \"Bolsa Escola\" with additional allowances for food"
},
{
"title": "Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva",
"text": " and kitchen gas. This was preceded by the creation of a new ministry – the Ministry of Social Development and Eradication of Hunger. This merger reduced administrative costs and bureaucratic complexity for both the families involved and the administration of the program. \"Fome Zero\" has a government budget and accepts donations from the private sector and international organizations. The \"Bolsa Família\" program has been praised internationally for its achievements, despite internal criticism accusing it of having turned into an electoral weapon. Along with projects such as \"Fome Zero\" and \"Bolsa Família\", another Lula administration flagship program was the Growth Acceleration Program (PAC). The PAC had a total budget of $646 billion reais (US$353 billion) by 2010, and was the Lula administration's main investment program. It was intended to strengthen Brazil's infrastructure, and consequently to stimulate the private sector and create more jobs. The social and urban infrastructure sector was scheduled to receive $84.2 billion reais (US$46 billion).</s><s>First presidency (2003–2010).:Economy. As Lula gained strength in the run-up to the 2002 elections, the fear of drastic measures, and comparisons with Hugo Chávez of Venezuela,"
},
{
"title": "Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva",
"text": " increased internal market speculation. This led to some market hysteria, contributing to a drop in the value of the real, and a downgrade of Brazil's credit rating. Lula also chose Henrique Meirelles of the Brazilian Social Democracy Party, a prominent market-oriented economist, as head of the Brazilian Central Bank. As a former CEO of the BankBoston he was well known to the market. Meirelles was elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 2002 as a member of the opposing PSDB, but resigned as deputy to become Governor of the Central Bank. Lula and his cabinet followed, to an extent, the lead of the previous government, by renewing all agreements with the International Monetary Fund, which were signed by the time Argentina defaulted on its own deals in 2001. His government achieved a satisfactory primary budget surplus in the first two years, as required by the IMF agreement, exceeding the target for the third year. In late 2005, the government paid off its debt to the IMF in full, two years ahead of schedule. The Brazilian economy was generally not affected by the mensalão scandal, which related to vote buying in the Brazilian Congress. In early 2006, Antonio Palocci resigned as finance minister due to his involvement in an abuse of"
},
{
"title": "Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva",
"text": " power scandal. Lula then appointed Guido Mantega, a member of the PT and an economist by profession, as finance minister. Mantega, a former Marxist who had written a PhD thesis (in Sociology) on the history of economic ideas in Brazil from a left-wing viewpoint, was known for his criticism of high interest rates, something he claimed satisfied banking interests. Mantega was also supportive of a higher level of employment by the state. Not long after the start of his second term, Lula's government announced the Growth Acceleration Program (\"\", PAC), an investment program to solve many of the problems that prevented the Brazilian economy from expanding more rapidly. The measures included investment in the creation and repair of roads and railways, simplification and reduction of taxation, and modernization of the country's energy production to avoid further shortages. The money pledged to be spent on this program was considered to be around R$ 500 billion (more than 250 billion dollars) over four years. Prior to taking office, Lula had been a critic of privatization. His administration created public-private partnership concessions for seven federal roadways. After decades with the largest foreign debt among emerging economies, Brazil became a net creditor for the first time in January 2008. By mid-2008,"
},
{
"title": "Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva",
"text": " both Fitch Ratings and Standard & Poor's had elevated the classification of Brazilian debt from speculative to investment grade. Banks made record profits under Lula's government. Lula's second term was much more confident; Lula was then not only the undisputed object of popular affection, as the first president to bring a modest well-being to many people, but also in complete control of his own administration. His two leading ministers were gone. Palocci was no longer needed to calm the nerves of overseas investors and Lula had never liked and somewhat feared José Dirceu, a virtuoso of cold political calculation and intrigue. Their joint elimination freed Lula for sole command in Brasilia. When, midway through his second term its test came, he handled it with aplomb. The crash of Wall Street in 2008 might have been a tsunami in the US and Europe, he declared, but in Brazil it would be no more than a little 'ripple' (\"\"). The phrase was seized on by the Brazilian press as proof of reckless economic ignorance and irresponsibility. In 2008, Brazil enjoyed economic good health to fight the global financial crisis with a large economic stimulus lasting, at least, until 2014. The Lula administration's economic policies also helped to significantly raise"
},
{
"title": "Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva",
"text": " living standards, with the percentage of Brazilians belonging to the consumerist middle class rising from 50% to 73% of the population. According to \"The Washington Post\":</s><s>First presidency (2003–2010).:Environmental policy. In terms of environmental protection, the creation of conservation areas and indigenous reserves led to a substantial decrease in deforestation starting in 2004. Initially, Lula's administration pushed for progressive policies that significantly curbed deforestation in the Amazon. Despite this, he did not support legislation that would have required the country to phase out its fossil fuels. During his 2022 election campaign, he focused more on environmental issues and espoused more environmentally conscious policies.</s><s>First presidency (2003–2010).:Foreign policy. Leading a large and competitive agricultural state, Lula generally opposed and criticized farm subsidies, and this position has been seen as one of the reasons for the walkout of developing nations and subsequent collapse of the Cancún World Trade Organization talks in 2003 over G8 agricultural subsidies. Brazil played an important role in negotiations regarding internal conflicts in Venezuela and Colombia, and concentrated efforts on strengthening Mercosur. During the Lula administration, Brazilian foreign trade increased dramatically, changing from deficits to several surpluses after 2003. In 2004, the surplus was US$"
},
{
"title": "Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva",
"text": "29 billion, due to a substantial increase in global demand for commodities. Brazil also provided UN peace-keeping troops and led a peace-keeping mission in Haiti. According to \"The Economist\" of 2 March 2006, Lula had a pragmatic foreign policy, seeing himself as a negotiator, not an ideologue, a leader adept at reconciling opposites. As a result, he befriended both Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez and U.S. President George W. Bush. Lula also gained increasing stature in the Southern hemisphere through economic growth in Brazil. In 2008, he was said to have become a \"point man for healing regional crises,\" as in the escalation of tensions between Colombia, Venezuela and Ecuador. Former Finance Minister, and current advisor, Delfim Netto, said: \"Lula is the ultimate pragmatist.\" He travelled to more than 80 countries during his presidency. A goal of Lula's foreign policy was for the country to gain a seat as a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council. In this he was unsuccessful. Lula was considered to have pulled off a major coup with Turkey in regards to getting Iran to send its uranium abroad in contravention of western calls. The condemnation of Iranian Sakineh Mohammadi Asht"
},
{
"title": "Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva",
"text": "iani for the crime of adultery, with a sentence of execution by stoning, led to calls for Lula da Silva's intervention on her behalf. On the issue, Lula commented that \"I need to respect the laws of a [foreign] country. If my friendship with the president of Iran and the respect that I have for him is worth something, if this woman has become a nuisance, we will receive her in Brazil.\" The Iranian government declined the offer. Lula da Silva's actions and comments sparked controversy. Mina Ahadi, an Iranian Communist politician, welcomed Lula da Silva's offer of asylum for Ashtiani, but also reiterated a call for an end to stoning altogether and requesting a cessation of recognition and support for the Iranian government. Jackson Diehl, Deputy editorial page Editor of \"The Washington Post\", called Lula da Silva the \"best friend of tyrants in the democratic world\" and criticised his actions. Shirin Ebadi, Iranian human rights activist and Nobel Peace Prize winner viewed Lula da Silva's intervention in a more positive light, calling it a \"powerful message to the Islamic Republic.\" In the final month of his administration, his government officially recognized Palestine as a state, with a number of Latin American countries following suit.</s>"
},
{
"title": "Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva",
"text": "<s>Corruption scandals and controversy.</s><s>Corruption scandals and controversy.:Mensalão. Lula's administration was plagued by numerous corruption scandals, notably the Mensalão scandal and in his first term. Brazilian attorney general Álvaro Augusto Ribeiro Costa presented charges against 40 politicians and officials involved in the Mensalão affair, including several charges against Lula himself. Lula stated on Brazilian public television that he knew nothing about the scandals. Top officials involved, such as Roberto Jefferson, José Dirceu, Luiz Gushiken and Humberto Costa have corroborated this; but one of his own party members, Arlindo Chinaglia, alleged that Lula had been warned about the matter. Having lost numerous government aides in the face of political turmoil, Lula survived largely unscathed in the eyes of the public, with overwhelming approval rates.</s><s>Corruption scandals and controversy.:Politicking. His administration was heavily criticized for relying on local, right-of-centre political barons, like José Sarney, Jader Barbalho, Renan Calheiros and Fernando Collor to ensure a majority in Congress. Another frequent reproach was his ambiguous treatment of the left wing of the PT. Analysts"
},
{
"title": "Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva",
"text": " felt that he would occasionally give in to left-wing calls for tighter government control on media and increased state intervention: in 2004, he pushed for the creation of a \"Federal Council of Journalists\" (CFJ) and a \"National Cinema Agency\" (Ancinav), the latter designed to overhaul funding for electronic communications. Both proposals ultimately failed amid concerns over the effect of state control on free speech.</s><s>Corruption scandals and controversy.:Statement on the Great Recession. Before a G-20 summit in London in March 2009, Lula caused an uproar by declaring that the economic crisis was caused by \"the irrational behavior of white people with blue eyes, who before seemed to know everything, and now have shown they don't know anything.\"</s><s>Corruption scandals and controversy.:Cesare Battisti. When wanted Italian terrorist Cesare Battisti was arrested in Rio de Janeiro on 18 March 2007 by Brazilian and French police officers, Brazilian Minister of Justice Tarso Genro granted him status as a political refugee, a controversial decision which divided Italy and the Brazilian and international press. On 5 February 2009, the European Parliament adopted a resolution in support of Italy and held a minute's silence in memory of Battisti's victims. On 18 November 2009, the Brazilian"
},
{
"title": "Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva",
"text": " Supreme Court declared the refugee status illegal and allowed Battisi's extradition, but also stated that the Brazilian constitution gave the president personal powers to deny the extradition if he chose to, effectively putting the final decision in the hands of Lula. Lula barred Battisti's extradition. On 31 December 2010, Lula's last day in office, the decision not to allow extradition was officially announced. Battisti was released on 9 June 2011 from prison after the Brazilian Constitutional Court denied Italy's request to extradite him. Italy planned to appeal to the International Court of Justice in The Hague. Battisti was extradited in December 2018.</s><s>Corruption scandals and controversy.:Operation Car Wash: corruption investigation and prosecution. In 2014, Brazil began \"Operação Lava Jato\" (English: Operation Car Wash), resulting in several arrests and convictions, including nine suits against Lula. In April 2015, the Public Ministry of Brazil opened an investigation into allegations of influence peddling by Lula, which alleged that between 2011 and 2014 he had lobbied for government contracts in foreign countries for the Odebrecht company and had also persuaded the Brazilian Development Bank to finance the projects in Ghana, Angola, Cuba, and the Dominican Republic. In June 2015, Marcelo"
},
{
"title": "Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva",
"text": " Odebrecht, president of Odebrecht, was arrested on charges that he had paid politicians $230 million in bribes. Three other company executives were also arrested, as well as the chief executive of Andrade Gutierrez, another construction conglomerate. On 4 March 2016, as part of \"Operation Car Wash\", Brazilian authorities raided Lula's home. After the raid, the police detained Lula for questioning. A police statement alleged that Lula had collaborated in illegal bribes from the oil company Petrobras to benefit his political party and presidential campaign. Prosecutor Carlos Fernando said, \"The favors to Lula from big construction companies involved in the fraud at Petrobras were many and hard to quantify\". On 16 March 2016, Rousseff appointed Lula as her chief of staff, a position comparable to that of prime minister. This would have shielded him from arrest due to the immunity that went with the position. Cabinet ministers in Brazil are among close to seven hundred senior government officials enjoying special judicial standing, which means they can only be tried by Brazil's Supreme Federal Court. Supreme Court Judge Gilmar Mendes suspended Lula da Silva's appointment on the grounds that Rousseff was trying to help Lula circumvent prosecution. On 14 September 2016, prosecutors filed corruption charges against Lula"
},
{
"title": "Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva",
"text": ", accusing him of being the mastermind or'maximum commander of the scheme'. On 19 September 2016, 13th Circuit (Paraná) federal judge Sergio Moro, who was leading the corruption probe, accepted an indictment for money laundering against Lula and his wife Marisa Leticia Lula da Silva. On 11 May 2017, Lula answered a summons by appearing in Curitiba and was questioned by Moro. The closed-court hearing lasted five hours. Thousands of Lula supporters went to Curitiba, together with Dilma Rousseff. After the hearing, Lula and Rousseff gave speeches to his supporters; Lula attacked what he called bias in the Brazilian media. Lula was found guilty by the lower court of accepting in bribes ($1.2 million US) in the form of improvements to his beachfront house, made by construction company, which in turn received lucrative contracts from the state-owned oil company Petrobras. Lula also faced other charges, including money laundering, influence peddling and obstruction of justice. On 12 July 2017, Sergio Moro sentenced Lula to nine and a half years in prison. Lula remained free pending his appeal. Lula's lawyer accused the judge of bias and the judge replied that nobody, not"
},
{
"title": "Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva",
"text": " even the former president, should be above the rule of law. On 25 January 2018, the Appeal Court of Porto Alegre found Lula guilty of corruption and money laundering and increased his sentence to 12 years of prison for one of the nine charges, while the other eight were still pending. On 26 March 2018, that same court upheld its own sentence, thus ending the case in that court. On 23 March 2021, the Supreme Federal Court ruled by a 3–2 decision that Moro, who had overseen Lula's trial in a case, was biased against him. It upheld the ruling on 23 June by a 7–4 decision. Judge Gilmar Mendes of the Supreme Federal Court on 24 June annulled the two other cases Moro had brought against Lula, reasoning that there was a link between them and the case in which Moro was declared biased. This meant that all evidence Moro had collected against Lula is inadmissible in court and fresh trials would be needed.</s><s>Corruption scandals and controversy.:Operation Car Wash: corruption investigation and prosecution.:Prison. On 5 April 2018, Brazil's Supreme Federal Court (STF) voted 6–5 to deny Lula's habeas corpus petition. The court ruled that"
},
{
"title": "Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva",
"text": " Lula must begin serving the sentence relating to 12 July 2017 conviction, despite not having exhausted all of his appeals. Lula and his political party vowed to continue his campaign from prison following the court's decision that he must surrender himself by 6 April. The head of Brazil's army, General Eduardo Villas Boas, called for Lula to be placed behind bars. Lula failed to turn himself in at the scheduled time, but he did so on the following day on 7 April 2018. After the imprisonment of Lula, protesters took to the streets in cities across Brazil. Lula's imprisonment led to the formation of the Free Lula Movement. On 8 July 2018, federal judge for the 4th region Rogério Favreto ordered Lula's release. Moro immediately stated that Favreto did not have the power to release Lula and Favreto's ruling was overturned the same day by the Judge Pedro Gebran Neto, president of the 4th regional court. On 9 June 2019, \"The Intercept\" published leaked Telegram messages between the judge in Lula's case, Sergio Moro, and the Operation Car Wash lead prosecutor, Deltan Dallagnol, in which they allegedly conspired to convict Lula to prevent"
},
{
"title": "Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva",
"text": " his candidacy for the 2018 presidential election. Moro was accused of lacking impartiality in Lula's trial. Following the disclosures, the resumption of legal proceedings was determined by the Supreme Court. Moro denied any wrongdoing or judicial misconduct during the course of Operation Car Wash and his investigation of the former president, claiming that the conversations leaked by \"The Intercept\" were misrepresented by the press and that conversations between prosecutors and judges are normal. Moro became Minister of Justice and Public Security after the election of president Jair Bolsonaro, and it is disputed whether an agreement was in place prior to Bolsonaro's election. The information published by \"The Intercept\" prompted reactions both in Brazil and overseas. A group of seventeen lawyers, ministers of Justice, and high court members from eight countries reacted to the leaks by describing former President Lula as a political prisoner and calling for his release. United States Senator Bernie Sanders said Lula should be released and his conviction annulled. Ro Khanna asked the Trump administration to investigate Lula's case, saying that \"Moro was a bad actor and part of a larger conspiracy to send Lula to jail\". American political commentator Michael Brooks, a vocal advocate for the former president, stated that Lula's imprisonment and Moro"
},
{
"title": "Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva",
"text": "'s alleged political motives had rendered the results of the 2018 election \"fundamentally illegitimate.\" On 8 November 2019, Lula was released from prison after 580 days when the Brazilian Supreme Court ended mandatory imprisonment of convicted criminals after their first appeal failed. On 27 November, the in Porto Alegre increased Lula's sentence to 17 years. Judge Edson Fachin of the Supreme Federal Court annulled all convictions against Lula on 8 March 2021, ruling that the court in Curitiba which convicted him lacked jurisdiction to do so, and ordered a retrial in Brasilia. A full Supreme Court bench later upheld the ruling by an 8–3 decision on 15 April.</s><s>Corruption scandals and controversy.:Operation Car Wash: corruption investigation and prosecution.:UN Human Rights Committee. After the Brazilian Federal Supreme Court refused to consider alleged violations of fundamental human rights by Judge Moro, Lula's defense lawyers appealed to the United Nations Human Rights Committee. In the lawsuit, the lawyers requested that the Committee provide an opinion on the accusations that Moro violated Lula's right to privacy, his right to not be arbitrarily arrested and his right to the presumption of innocence until proven guilty. They presented as proof of abusive practices: 1. Coercive conduct against L"
},
{
"title": "Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva",
"text": "ula on 4 March 2016. 2. The leaking of confidential data to the press. 3. The leaking of illegally obtained phone conversation recordings to the press. 4. An abusive strategy of temporary and preemptive imprisonments in order to obtain plea-bargaining deals implicating the former president. Because the judge's chief of staff had posted on her Facebook page a petition calling for Lula's imprisonment and the presiding judge of the appellate panel had praised Moro's decision to convict Lula for corruption, before Moro had issued his decision, an op-ed in \"The New York Times\" concluded that \"Brazil's democracy is now weaker than it has been since military rule ended\". The newspaper was joined by a number of international intellectuals, activists and political leaders, from Noam Chomsky to a group of twelve United States Congressmen, who complained that the legal proceedings appeared to be designed to prevent Lula (the front-runner in opinion polls) from running for president in 2018. On 28 July 2016, Lula filed a 39-page petition with the UN's Human Rights Committee outlining alleged abuses of power. The petition stated that \"Lula is a victim of abuse of power by a judge, with the complicity of prosecutors and the media\". The petition was the first"
},
{
"title": "Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva",
"text": " ever taken against Brazil which ratified the committee's protocol in 2009. The UN accepted the case and Brazil was given six months to respond to the petition. The committee was made of 18 international jurists. In November 2016, Lula's legal team filed additional evidence of abuses by the Brazilian justice system, and another document was filed on 5 October 2017, in Geneva, Switzerland, reporting other facts, such as Judge Moro's attendance at the premiere of a film that depicted former President Lula as guilty, despite the lack of any definitive decision against him at that time. Following Judge Moro's issuance of an arrest warrant for the ex-President, on 6 April 2018, Lula appealed to the UN's Human Rights Committee to ask the government to prevent his arrest until he had exhausted all appeals. Lula argued that the Brazilian Supreme Court had narrowly adopted its ruling with only six votes against five, which \"shows the need for an independent court to examine if the presumption of innocence was violated\" in his case. The Human Rights Committee received a request for \"interim measures\" and was deliberating the request. The UN Human Rights Committee denied the request seeking emergency action against his imprisonment. On 28 May 2018, the Committee initiated a formal investigation into violations against basic judicial guarantees in"
},
{
"title": "Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva",
"text": " Lula's case. In August, the UN Human Rights Committee \"requested Brazil to take all necessary measures to ensure that Lula can enjoy and exercise his political rights while in prison, as candidate in the 2018 presidential elections.\" On 2 August 2018, Pope Francis received three former allies of Lula in Rome: Celso Amorim, Alberto Fernández and Carlos Ominami. At the conclusion of the hour-long meeting, Pope Francis was given a copy of Lula's biography \"The Truth Will Win\" by Amorim. Later, he addressed a handwritten note to Lula (posted on his Twitter account) with the following text: \"To Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva with my blessing, asking him to pray for me, Francisco\". In the same month, President of Brazil Dilma Rousseff, who had previously served as Chief of Staff to President Lula da Silva from 2005 to 2010, confirmed that the Pope also sent her an unofficial letter, the content of which was not disclosed.</s><s>Corruption scandals and controversy.:Operation Zelotes. Lula, along with his former chief of staff and five others, was indicted in a corruption probe as part of regarding payment of R$6 million in bribe. According to prosecutors"
},
{
"title": "Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva",
"text": ", they helped pass Provisional Measure 471 (which was later converted into Law 12,218/2010) in 2009 in order to benefit the automotive companies CAOA and MMC. Judge Frederico Botelho de Barros Viana of the 10th Federal Court of Brasilia acquitted all the accused on 21 June 2021, stating that the prosecution could not convincingly demonstrate that the defendants were involved in a criminal conspiracy.</s><s>Post-presidency.</s><s>Post-presidency.:Health. On 29 October 2011, through the Syrian-Lebanese Hospital of São Paulo, it was announced that Lula had a malignant tumor in his larynx. He had chemotherapy to counteract the tumor, and on 16 November, his press office released photos of his wife shaving his beard and hair, leaving him bald, although he retained his moustache. It was the first time that he had been seen without his beard since he left office. He was treated with radiation, and the cancer went into remission. Lula announced his recovery in March 2012, as well as his return to politics. Fellow politician Dilma Rousseff, then president of Brazil, welcomed the news. Contrary to rumors, Lula stated in early 2013 that he was not a presidential"
},
{
"title": "Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva",
"text": " candidate, supporting Dilma Rousseff for a second term. The appointment raised concerns about his arrest and investigation. On 21 January 2021, Lula said that he tested positive for COVID-19 while participating in the filming of an Oliver Stone documentary in Cuba, five days after arriving on the island. He did not need hospital admission and was able to recover. On 13 March 2021, Lula received his first dose of the CoronaVac vaccine.</s><s>Post-presidency.:2018 presidential campaign. In 2017, Lula announced he would stand as the Workers' Party candidate for president again in the 2018 election. In September, he led a caravan of supporters which travelled through the states of Brazil, starting with Minas Gerais, whose governor was Lula's political ally Fernando Pimentel. While traveling through the South of Brazil, the caravan became the target of protests. In Paraná, a campaign bus was shot, and in Rio Grande do Sul, rocks were thrown at pro-Lula militants. Despite Lula's imprisonment in April 2018, the Workers' Party kept Lula as the party's presidential candidate. In a poll conducted by Ibope in June 2018, Lula led with 33% of vote intentions, with the PSL candidate Jair"
},
{
"title": "Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva",
"text": " Bolsonaro polling second with 15%. Lula negotiated a national coalition with the PCdoB and regional alliances with the Socialist Party. The Workers' Party officially nominated Lula as its candidate on 5 August 2018, in São Paulo. Actor Sérgio Mamberti read a letter written by Lula, who was unable to attend because of his prison sentence. Former São Paulo mayor Fernando Haddad was named as Lula's running mate and intended to represent Lula in events and debates. In the event that Lula were declared ineligible, Haddad would replace Lula as candidate, with Manuela d'Ávila replacing Haddad as the vice presidential candidate. In response to an appeal considering Lula as a political prisoner, the UN Human Rights Committee ruled on 17 August 2018 that it had requested the Brazilian government to allow Lula to exercise his political rights. In a 26 August poll, Lula had 39 percent of vote intentions within one month of the first round. The same opinion polling put Lula ahead of all his challengers in a second round run-off, including the nearest one, PSL candidate Jair Bolsonaro, by 52 to 32. Lula's candidacy was denied by the Superior Electoral Court on 31 August"
},
{
"title": "Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva",
"text": " 2018, when the majority of the seven-judge panel voted to bar Lula from running in the presidential race. On 11 September 2018, Lula officially dropped out of the election and was replaced by Fernando Haddad, whom Lula endorsed.</s><s>Second presidency (2023–present).</s><s>Second presidency (2023–present).:2022 election. In May 2021, Lula stated that he would run for a third term in the October 2022 general election, against the incumbent President Jair Bolsonaro, with opinion polls at the end of July 2021 suggesting he would comfortably beat Bolsonaro. He was 17% ahead of Bolsonaro in a poll in January 2022. In April 2022, Lula announced that his running mate would be Geraldo Alckmin, a three-term governor of Sao Paulo state who ran against Lula in the 2006 presidential elections. On 2 October, the vote of the first round, Lula was in first place with 48.43% of the electorate, qualifying for the second round with Bolsonaro, who received 43.20% of the votes. Lula was elected in the second round on 30 October, three days after his seventy-seventh birthday. He became the first president of Brazil"
},
{
"title": "Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva",
"text": " elected to three terms and the first since Getúlio Vargas to serve in non-consecutive terms. He is also the first candidate to unseat an incumbent president. He was sworn in on 1 January 2023.</s><s>Second presidency (2023–present).:Tenure. Lula said that his main commitments were the reconstruction of the country in the face of the economic crisis; democracy, sovereignty and peace; economic development and stability; fight against poverty; education; implementation of a National System of Culture and the expansion of housing programs.</s><s>Political positions and philosophy. In Brazil, \"liberal\" is often avoided by leftists because of connotations with pro-business policies during neoliberalism or the military dictatorship. He advocated \"socialism of the 21st century\", but Lulism is considered to be substantially similar to social liberalism. Although he showed a moderate centre-left liberal tendency economically, he highlighted his closeness with the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela and negatively evaluated Juan Guaidó during the Venezuelan crisis. He is \"personally against\" abortion, but maintains that it should be treated as a public health issue.</s><s>Honours and awards. The list of Lula's awards since 2003: - In 2008 he was awarded the UNESCO"
},
{
"title": "Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva",
"text": " Félix Houphouët-Boigny Peace Prize. - In 2012 he received the Four Freedoms Award.</s><s>In popular culture. Academy Award-nominated film director Fábio Barreto directed the 2009 Brazilian film \"Lula, Son of Brazil\" that depicts the life of Lula up to 35 years of age. The film was a commercial and critical failure. Critics charged that it was election propaganda, fostering a cult of personality. The series \"The Mechanism\" on Netflix deals with Operation Car Wash and features a character that alludes to Lula, João Higino, played by Arthur Kohl. The 2019 documentary \"The Edge of Democracy\", written and directed by Petra Costa, chronicled the rise and fall of Lula and Dilma Rousseff and the socio-political upheaval in Brazil during the period.</s><s>Further reading. - Silva, Luis Inácio da; Castro, Cassiana Rosa de; Machado, Sueli de Fátima; Santos, Alveci Oliveira de Orato; Ferreira, Luiz Tarcísio Teixeira; Teixeira, Paulo; Suplicy, Marta; Dutra, Olívio ("
},
{
"title": "Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva",
"text": "2003). \"The programme for land tenure legalization on public land in São Paulo, Brazil.\" \"Environment and Urbanization\" 15 (2): 191–200. - Bourne, R (2008). \"Lula of Brazil : The story so far\". Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.. - Goertzel, Ted (2011). \"Brazil's Lula: The Most Popular Politician on Earth\". Boca Raton, Florida: Brown Walker Press.. -</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Latin America/Africa"
}
|
factscore-000362
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Vicente Carrillo Fuentes.
|
[
{
"title": "Vicente Carrillo Fuentes",
"text": "<s>Vicente Carrillo Fuentes Vicente Carrillo Fuentes (born 16 October 1962), commonly referred to by his alias El Viceroy, is a Mexican convicted drug lord and former leader of the Juárez Cartel, a drug trafficking organization. The cartel is based in Chihuahua, one of the primary transportation routes for billions of dollars' worth of illegal drug shipments entering the United States from Mexico annually. He was one of Mexico's most-wanted drug lords until his capture in 2014.</s><s>Early life. Vicente Carrillo Fuentes was born in Guamuchilito, Navolato, Sinaloa, Mexico on 16 October 1962 to Vicente Carrillo and Aurora Fuentes. He had seven siblings: Angélica, Amado, Cipriano, Guadalupe, Alberto, Rodolfo and José Cruz Carrillo Fuentes (Vicente being the fourth one). All are nephews of Ernesto Fonseca Carrillo, a former drug lord.</s><s>Family relations and alliances. The Juárez Cartel was founded by his brother Amado Carrillo Fuentes following the death of Pablo Acosta Villarreal. Cipriano Carrillo"
},
{
"title": "Vicente Carrillo Fuentes",
"text": " Fuentes died in the mid-1980s by gunshot under mysterious circumstances. Amado began in the drug business under the tutelage of his uncle and eventually formed the Juárez Cartel by 1993. Amado brought in his brothers and eventually his son Vicente Carrillo Leyva, who was arrested on 1 April 2009. When Amado died on 3 July 1997 following complications from plastic surgery, a brief turf war began in Juarez over the leadership of the cartel. Vicente would emerge as the victor after defeating the Muñoz Talavera brothers for control of the cartel. Vicente formed a partnership with Juan José Esparragoza Moreno, his brother Rodolfo Carrillo Fuentes, his nephew Vicente Carrillo Leyva, Ricardo Garcia Urquiza and the Beltrán Leyva brothers. He kept in service several lieutenants formally under his brother, such as \"El Chacky\" Hernandez. The organization was in flux by the time Vicente took control of the cartel and the death of Amado created a large power vacuum in the Mexican underworld. The Arellano Félix brothers became the most powerful organization during the 1990s while Vicente was able to avoid direct conflict and increase the strength of"
},
{
"title": "Vicente Carrillo Fuentes",
"text": " the Juárez Cartel. The relationship between the Carrillo Fuentes clan and the other members of the organization grew unstable towards the end of the 1990s and into the 2000s. In 2001 after the escape from prison by Joaquín Guzmán Loera, many of the Juárez Cartel members defected to Guzmán's Sinaloa cartel. In 2004 Rodolfo Carrillo was killed outside of a movie theatre allegedly at the behest of Guzmán Loera. Vicente Carrillo responded by having Guzmán Loera's brother \"El Pollo\" assassinated in prison. This sparked off a turf war; however, it seemed that the war between the two was on hold during 2005 and 2006 because the Sinaloa Cartel was engaged in a vicious war with their rival, the Gulf Cartel. During this time, the leadership of the cartel was between Vicente Carrillo and Ricardo García Urquiza, who was arrested in November 2005. The cartel had become factionalized between the groups loyal to the Carrillo family and the groups loyal to Juan José Esparragoza Moreno and Guzmán Loera's Sinaloa Cartel. The Juárez Cartel, under"
},
{
"title": "Vicente Carrillo Fuentes",
"text": " the control of Vicente Carrillo Fuentes and his nephew Vicente Carrillo Leyva, was placed under a large degree of pressure following the \"House of Death\" case, in which the organization was penetrated by law enforcement, but was corrupted by the fact that the informant participated in murders. In 2008, 200 murders occurred in the first three months and it appeared that the war between the Sinaloa Federation and the remnants of the Juárez Cartel was back on. President Calderón sent thousands of troops to Ciudad Juárez. The Juárez Cartel, at one time the most powerful in Mexico, is a shadow of its former self.</s><s>Charges. Carrillo Fuentes was charged in a forty-six count indictment in the Western District of Texas with continuing criminal enterprise, importation and possession with intent to distribute cocaine and marijuana, conspiracy to import and possess with intent to distribute cocaine and marijuana, as well as with money laundering, tampering with a witness, ordering the intentional killing of individuals to prevent communication of information by them to U.S. law enforcement, and murder in furtherance of a continuing criminal enterprise. The U.S. Departments of State offered a reward of up to $5 million USD for information leading"
},
{
"title": "Vicente Carrillo Fuentes",
"text": " to the arrest and/or conviction of Vicente Carrillo Fuentes.</s><s>Charges.:Kingpin Act sanction. On 1 June 2000, the United States Department of the Treasury sanctioned Carrillo Fuentes under the Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act (sometimes referred to simply as the \"Kingpin Act\"), for his involvement in drug trafficking along with eleven other international criminals. The act prohibited U.S. citizens and companies from doing any kind of business activity with him, and virtually froze all his assets in the U.S.</s><s>Arrest. Carrillo Fuentes was arrested in a joint operation by the Mexican Army and Federal Police in Torreón, Coahuila on 9 October 2014. He was then sent to Mexico City and transferred to the federal installations of SEIDO, Mexico's anti-organized crime investigatory agency, where he gave a formal declaration. Two days later, he was formally charged with drug trafficking and organized crime offenses. On 14 October 2014, Carrillo Fuentes was transferred to the Federal Social Readaptation Center No. 2, a federal maximum-security prison (commonly referred to as \"Puente Grande\"), in Jalisco state. That same day, he was formally charged by a federal court"
},
{
"title": "Vicente Carrillo Fuentes",
"text": " in Jalisco for violating Mexico's Federal Law of Firearms and Explosives.</s><s>Sentence. On 14 September 2021, a Mexican court sentenced Fuentes to 28 years in prison.</s><s>In popular culture. A character loosely based on Vicente Carrillo Fuentes was featured in the 2017 TV series \"El Chapo\". Vicente Carrillo Fuentes is portrayed by Fernando Bonilla in the third season of the Netflix Series \"\".</s><s>See also. - List of fugitives from justice who disappeared - List of Mexico's 37 most-wanted drug lords - Mérida Initiative - Mexican Drug War</s><s>References.</s><s>References.:Bibliography. -</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Vicente Carrillo Fuentes",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Latin America/Africa"
}
|
factscore-000363
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Jackson Martínez.
|
[
{
"title": "Jackson Martínez",
"text": "<s>Jackson Martínez Jackson Arley Martínez Valencia (; born 3 October 1986) is a Colombian former professional footballer who played as a striker. He started his career with Independiente Medellin in 2004 and becoming the league's top scorer in 2009, before being signed by Chiapas in January 2010. He spent three years with the Mexican side before moving to Portugal to play for Porto, where he was the Primeira Liga's top scorer in all three of his seasons with the club. In July 2015, Martínez joined Atlético Madrid for €35 million, and six months later Guangzhou Evergrande of China for €42 million. He suffered an ankle injury in late 2016 that ruled him out for two years, before ending his career back in Portugal with Portimonense in 2020. Martínez represented Colombia 40 times between 2009 and 2015, scoring nine goals for the country. He played for them at the Copa América in 2011 and 2015, as well as the 2014 FIFA World Cup, where he scored two goals against Japan.</s><s>Club career.</s><s>Club career.:Independiente Medellín. Born in Quibdó in the Chocó Department, Martí"
},
{
"title": "Jackson Martínez",
"text": "nez joined Independiente Medellín's youth academy in 2001 until being called up to the first team for the 2004 Finalización. He made his debut on 3 October 2004, his 18th birthday, in a 2–2 draw against Junior. His first professional goal came roughly a month later in a 1–1 draw against Deportivo Pereira on 7 November. This was the last matchday of the regular season and his goal sealed Medellin's qualification into the playoffs. With three goals in the Finalizacion playoffs, Martinez looked like he had a bright future ahead, but the following seasons were very slow-paced. From 2005 to 2007, he scored 12 goals, only 2 per tournament. But the 2008 season was his breakthrough season under manager Santiago Escobar, where he scored 11 goals as Medellin finished runner-up in December 2008 to América de Cali. In January 2009, Martinez scored his first career hat-trick in a 4–0 victory against Peñarol in the 2009 Copa Libertadores first stage. Martinez began the 2009 Apertura campaign in great form, scoring 4 goals in 4 matches. However, he suffered an injury in March 2009 before a Copa Libertad"
},
{
"title": "Jackson Martínez",
"text": "ores match against America de Cali, which saw him miss the rest of the 2009 Apertura campaign, as Medellin had a rough campaign and finished in last place. Despite this setback, he bounced back and was the top goalscorer of the 2009 Torneo Finalizacion with 18 goals, including braces against Real Cartagena, América de Cali, Atlético Huila, and Envigado, while leading \"El Poderoso\" to its fifth league title with a goal in each leg of the finals against Huila.</s><s>Club career.:Chiapas. Martínez attracted interest from South Korean club Ulsan Hyundai and Argentine clubs San Lorenzo de Almagro and Racing Avellaneda. He initially signed a pre-contract with Ulsan Hyundai, but the club could not reach an agreement with him. As a result, Martínez was eventually signed by Chiapas from the Liga MX on a three-year-contract for an undisclosed fee in January 2010. He scored his first two goals with the club on 30 January in a 2–2 draw against Tigres UANL. Two weeks later, he scored against Pachuca, and then scored three in the next"
},
{
"title": "Jackson Martínez",
"text": " three games. He ended his first season with the club, the 2010 Torneo Bicentenario, with nine goals, placing him fourth in the top scorer's table. In August 2010, he had an ankle operation and was ruled out for a month. In the following season, the 2010 Apertura, he didn't perform well, only scoring two in fourteen appearances, but scored a match winner against Atlas in the penultimate matchday to give Chiapas a spot in the playoffs, where they were eliminated by eventual champions Santos Laguna. In the 2011 Clausura, Martinez missed most of the season due to an injury he suffered in the Copa Libertadores match against Alianza Lima on 27 January, which ruled him out for almost three months. In his return on 30 April, he scored a brace in a 4–1 victory against Querétaro, but his team finished bottom of the table. However, in the Copa Libertadores, Chiapas had much better form and Martínez was a key player for them, scoring in both legs of the round of 16 encounter against Colombian club Junior to help his team go through on away goals. In the first leg at Estadio Víctor Manuel Reyna"
},
{
"title": "Jackson Martínez",
"text": ", he scored in a 1–1 draw, and then scored a double in the second leg, despite being shown a red card during the 3–3 draw in Barranquilla. Chiapas were eventually eliminated by Paraguayan side Cerro Porteño in the quarter finals, with the Colombian playing in the second leg. In the Apertura 2012 season, he scored eight goals, including braces against San Luis and Pumas UNAM, and added to his tally by scoring once in each leg of the playoffs against Santos, but Chiapas were eliminated. Martínez was named captain of the squad at the beginning of the Clausura 2012 season, where he scored eight goals, with two braces again, this time in victories against Atlas and Queretaro. In the playoffs, Chiapas were paired up with Santos again, and Martinez scored a brace in the first leg, but his team were not able to get revenge and were eliminated by Santos again for the third time in eighteen months.</s><s>Club career.:Porto.</s><s>Club career.:Porto.:2012–13 season. On 7 July 2012, Porto announced that they had signed Martínez on a four-year contract worth €8.8 million, in"
},
{
"title": "Jackson Martínez",
"text": " addition to setting a €40 million release clause. On 11 August, he played his first competitive match in the 2012 Supertaça against Académica de Coimbra, also scoring his first goal. He scored in the 90th minute, which gave Porto their 19th victory of the tournament, and was named as the man of the match. Martínez scored his first league goal on 25 August with a Panenka penalty against Vitória de Guimarães, with Porto winning the game 4–0. On 22 September against Beira-Mar, he scored a bicycle kick from a chipped pass by fellow countryman James Rodríguez. Against rivals Sporting CP, he scored a back-heel volley in a 2–0 win. In the Champions League group stage on 24 October, Martínez scored his first two goals in European competitions, during a match which ended in a 3–2 victory for Porto against Dynamo Kyiv. Martínez continued his goal scoring streak in a 2–1 victory over Estoril on 28 October, assisting Silvestre Varela and scoring the game winner five minutes later. On 2 November, he scored two more goals in a 5–0 victory"
},
{
"title": "Jackson Martínez",
"text": " against Marítimo. He was named the SJPF Player of the Month for October and November. In December, Spanish sports newspaper \"Marca\" ranked him number 8 in a list of the Top 10 South American players of 2012. Martínez scored five goals in January 2013: the only goal against Nacional on 5 January, in \"O Clássico\" against rivals Benfica on 13 January, a double ten days later in a 3–0 away victory against Vitoria Setubal, and against Gil Vicente on 28 January. By the halfway point of the league season, he had scored 14 goals in the first 15 league games, surpassing Falcao's numbers of 10 goals in 14 games. On 2 February, he scored a hat-trick against Vitória de Guimarães, which included two headers, making it his first hat-trick for Porto. He scored a brace on 23 February, including a penalty and a volley, to help Porto turn around a 0–1 deficit into a 2–1 victory against Rio Ave at Estádio do Dragão. He was named the February SJPF Player of the Month. In the final match of the league season against"
},
{
"title": "Jackson Martínez",
"text": " Paços de Ferreira, Martínez sealed the 2–0 victory after scoring the second goal and assuring Porto's third consecutive league title, undefeated and one point ahead of rivals Benfica. The goal also marked his 26th goal in the league, securing him the Bola da Prata. Following his debut season in Europe, ESPN noted Martínez as one of the best signings for the 2012–13 season.</s><s>Club career.:Porto.:2013–14 season. In the 2013 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira, Martínez scored the second goal in a 3–0 victory against Vitória de Guimarães at the Estádio Municipal de Aveiro, claiming his second Portuguese SuperCup in a row. In the opening league match against Vitória de Setúbal on 18 August, Martínez scored the third goal in a 3–1 win. He continued the season in excellent form, adding four more goals in the next four matchdays. On 6 October, he scored a double against recently promoted Arouca in a win by the same score. He scored the only goal of the game in the Europa League round of 16 first leg against Nap"
},
{
"title": "Jackson Martínez",
"text": "oli on 13 March, and Porto eventually qualified to the next round by winning 3–2 on aggregate. On 19 January 2014, Martínez scored his 50th goal in all competitions for Porto in a 3–0 win over Vitória. On 6 April, he scored a double, including a penalty, in a 3–1 victory against Académica. He ended up being the league's top scorer for the second consecutive season with 20 goals, becoming the first player to be top scorer for two consecutive seasons since Mario Jardel from 1997 to 2000 in the process.</s><s>Club career.:Porto.:2014–15 season. After the 2014 World Cup, Martinez was linked with many clubs, in particular Chelsea, Arsenal, and Valencia. However, in August 2014, he extended his contract with Porto until 2017. On 30 September, he came on as a substitute in a Champions League group stage match away to Shakhtar Donetsk, and his team was trailing 2–0 to the Ukrainian hosts at the 85th minute. He scored two goals in four minutes; in the 89th minute, he scored a penalty and then equalised in added time to level the scoreline at 2–2, which completed a comeback that was dubbed as"
},
{
"title": "Jackson Martínez",
"text": " \"stunning\" and \"remarkable\" by UEFA. Martinez was voted Player of the Month for December 2014 and January 2015. In the Champions League quarter-final first leg on 15 April 2015 against Bayern Munich, he scored the last goal in a 3–1 victory and also won the penalty that Ricardo Quaresma scored for the opening goal after being fouled by goalkeeper Manuel Neuer. Martínez netted again in the second leg six days later, heading a consolation from Héctor Herrera's cross as Porto lost 1–6 at the Allianz Arena, thus being eliminated from the competition.</s><s>Club career.:Atlético Madrid. Martínez was linked heavily with Arsenal again following his departure from Porto, but on 27 June 2015, he confirmed that he was moving to Spanish side Atlético Madrid. Four days later, it was announced on Porto's official website that Atlético were willing to pay the full €35 million release fee for the Colombian player. On 15 July, Atlético officially announced the transfer, and he signed a four-year-contract running until 2019. He was officially presented at the Vicente Calderón Stadium on 26 July in front of around 10,000 people. Martínez"
},
{
"title": "Jackson Martínez",
"text": " made his La Liga debut on 22 August, being substituted after an hour for Fernando Torres in a 1–0 home win over Las Palmas. A week later, Martínez came off the bench and scored his first goal for Atlético in a 3–0 victory over Sevilla. On 21 October, he scored his first UEFA Champions League goal for the club against FC Astana in a 4–0 win, and four days later, he opened the scoring in a 2–1 victory against Valencia. On 12 November, while playing for the Colombia national team against Chile, he suffered an ankle injury and had to be taken off the field on a stretcher, which ruled him out for a month. He made his return on 30 December in a 0–2 away win against Rayo Vallecano, entering the pitch in the 70th minute and assisting Antoine Griezmann's goal in the last minute. He left the club a few weeks later because he struggled to adapt to Diego Simeone's playing style, as he was more accustomed to playing as a lone striker with Porto. The press labelled him \"a flop\" and some of his teammates said he was not confident, with club president Enrique Cerezo adding that the player \""
},
{
"title": "Jackson Martínez",
"text": "wasn't at the level of the club\".</s><s>Club career.:Guangzhou Evergrande. On 3 February 2016, Martínez was transferred to Chinese Super League side Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao with a fee of €42 million, a record for an Asian team. The record was broken two days later, when Alex Teixeira signed for Jiangsu Suning for £38.4 million (roughly €50 million). On 24 February, he made his debut against South Korean club Pohang Steelers. On 6 March, he scored on his Chinese Super League debut in an eventual 2–1 loss away at Chongqing Lifan. A week later, he scored and gave an assist in a 3–0 win against Changchun Yatai.{{cite web|url = http://www.shanghaidaily.com/article/article_xinhua.aspx?id=323202|title=Guangzhou Evergranded rout Changchun 3-0 in Chinese Super League In October 2016, after playing 16 games, Martínez suffered an ankle injury that ruled him out for two years. He had another ankle surgery in July 2017. In March 2018, Guangzhou Ever"
},
{
"title": "Jackson Martínez",
"text": "grande terminated his contract and released him because of his injuries, believing that there was no point of paying his salary if he could not play.</s><s>Club career.:Portimonense. On 31 August 2018, Martínez returned to Portugal's top flight, joining Portimonense on a season-long loan. The deal was subsequently made permanent, but only until the end of 2019. He made his debut in a 3–2 victory against Vitória de Guimarães on 23 September, playing the last 17 minutes of the match. On 3 November, he scored his first goal for the club, a penalty, in a 1–1 draw against Belenenses SAD. On 7 December, he returned to the Estádio do Dragão for the first time since leaving Porto, playing 75 minutes and receiving a standing ovation by the fans and players as he was substituted. A week later, he scored a brace in a 3–1 win against Vitória de Setúbal. On 11 May 2019, he scored an 88th-minute winner against Maritimo in a 3–2 victory. In October 2019, Jackson scored his first goal for the club in the Taça de Portugal against Académica de Co"
},
{
"title": "Jackson Martínez",
"text": "imbra, a match which Portimonense lost 2–1. In January 2020, he signed a new contract with the Portuguese club, keeping him until 2022. However, still troubled by his chronic ankle injuries, Martínez left Portimonense in August 2020, stating that he wanted to return to Independiente Medellín. On 7 December 2020, after spending six months as a free agent, Martínez officially announced his retirement.</s><s>International career. A Colombian international at the age of 22, he made his debut and scored his first international goal on 5 September 2009 in a 2–0 victory against Ecuador as part of the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifiers. Four days later, he came on as a substitute and scored his second international goal against Uruguay, although Colombia lost 3–1. On 7 June 2011, he was selected by Hernán Darío Gómez to the 23-man-squad for the 2011 Copa América. On 2 June 2014, Martínez was named by coach José Pékerman in Colombia's 23-man squad for the 2014 FIFA World Cup. After a substitute appearance in the team's opening match win over Greece, Martínez was selected to start in"
},
{
"title": "Jackson Martínez",
"text": " the final group game against Japan, where he scored twice in a 4–1 win and was named man of the match. Martínez was also chosen for the 2015 Copa América in Chile. The last time he was called up to the national team was for a 2018 World Cup qualification match against Chile on 12 November 2015, where he suffered an injury.</s><s>Personal life. His nickname \"Cha Cha Cha\" came from his father, Orlando Martinez, who was a second division footballer in Colombia. Orlando would celebrate his goals by doing the \"Cha Cha Cha\" dance, so his teammates began to call him that. The nickname was passed on to Jackson and he often does the celebration as well. He moved with his family to Villa Hermosa, Medellín at age 15, and spent a year hopping around local clubs before joining Independiente Medellin's academy aged 16. Martínez married Tatiana Caicedo in March 2013, and the couple have two children; a son named Josue, born in 2012, and a daughter named Samantha, born in January 2015. He is a Christian. In September 2018, he released a seven-track Christian hip hop album titled \"No Temeré\" (\"I Will"
},
{
"title": "Jackson Martínez",
"text": " Not Fear\"). Martinez has two sisters. In his youth, Martínez played baseball, basketball, and volleyball. He said these sports helped improve his agility and jumping ability, which he used to score acrobatic goals. Martínez also runs a foundation named after him, called \"Fundacion Jackson Martinez\", which aims to help kids living in poverty buy adequate football gear, play competitive matches, and get scouted.</s><s>Style of play. Martínez was known as a prolific goalscorer, being able to use both feet effectively, and having excellent volleying technique. He combined his volleying technique with his agility, which allowed him to score multiple acrobatic goals throughout his career. His height made him an aerial threat, and he combined this with his strength to win aerial battles. His strength also made it difficult for opponents to knock him off the ball. Former Porto player Paulo Futre compared his traits to those of George Weah. Noted BBC journalist Tim Vickery described him as \"an out-and-out goalscorer, a front-to-goal centre-forward who can finish off both feet, and with an excellent jump that makes him an aerial threat.\" Manager Arsene Wenger said in 2015 that"
},
{
"title": "Jackson Martínez",
"text": " Martinez \"could play in the Premier League because he has the body to make the difference,\" and that he was \"a good finisher.\"</s><s>Career statistics.</s><s>Career statistics.:International. Source:</s><s>Career statistics.:International goals. \"Scores and results list Colombia's goal tally first.\"</s><s>Honours. Independiente Medellín - Categoría Primera A: 2009-II Porto - Primeira Liga: 2012–13 - Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira: 2012, 2013 Guangzhou Evergrande - Chinese Super League: 2016 - Chinese FA Super Cup: 2016 - Chinese FA Cup: 2016 Individual - Categoría Primera A Top goal scorer: 2009 Finalizacion - Categoria Primera A Best Player: 2009 Finalizacion - Categoria Primera A Dream Team: 2009 Finalizacion - Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira Man of the match: 2012 - SJPF Player of the Month: October 2012, November 2012, February 2013, December 2014, January 2015 - O Jogo Team of the Year: 2012, 2013 - Primeira Liga Top goal scorer: 2012–13, 2013–14, 2014–15 - FC Porto"
},
{
"title": "Jackson Martínez",
"text": " Athlete of the Year: 2014, 2015</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Jackson Martínez",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Latin America/Africa"
}
|
factscore-000364
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Sérgio Moraes.
|
[
{
"title": "Sérgio Moraes",
"text": "<s>Sérgio Moraes Sérgio Ricardo de Moraes (born July 23, 1982) is a Brazilian mixed martial artist who formerly competed in the welterweight and middleweight division's for the Ultimate Fighting Championship. He was a competitor on \"\".</s><s>Background. Moraes is often called “O Orgulho da Cohab” meaning literally “The Pride of Cohab”. Moraes was born in Cohab. Moraes is a 4-time Brazilian Jiu Jitsu World Champion but his most famous fight was when he defeated Kron Gracie at the 2008 World Championship. Moraes's affiliation is the Alliance Jiu Jitsu Team. Sérgio is currently the head Jiu Jitsu instructor at Evolução Thai in Curitiba, Brazil. Currently instructing at Reza Martial Arts Center Bahrain.</s><s>Mixed martial arts career.</s><s>Mixed martial arts career.:Early career. Moraes made his professional MMA debut in October 2006 in his native Brazil. Over the next five years, he amassed a record of 6 wins and 1 loss, with 5 of his 6 wins coming via submission. Moraes made his United States debut in June 2009 for Bellator Fighting Championships"
},
{
"title": "Sérgio Moraes",
"text": ". After being rocked early in the round, Moraes was able to get a takedown and quickly lash up a Triangle choke to defeat Josh Martin via submission in the first round at Bellator 12.</s><s>Mixed martial arts career.:The Ultimate Fighter. In March 2012, Moraes appeared as a fighter on \"\". In the opening elimination fight, he defeated former Muay Thai World Champion Thiago Rela by submission due to a heel hook from the 50/50 guard, midway through round 1 to get into the TUF house. In the first round of the competition, Moraes fought Delson Heleno. Moraes defeated Heleno via submission (rear naked choke) early in the first round to move onto the semi-final round. There, Moraes fought Daniel Sarafian for a spot at the finals. Moraes was knocked out by Sarafian in the first round by a flying knee.</s><s>Mixed martial arts career.:Ultimate Fighting Championship. Moraes made his UFC debut on June 23, 2012 at UFC 147 against Cezar Ferreira to determine the winner of. He stepped in as a replacement for Sarafian, who was injured. Moraes lost the fight by unanimous decision after"
},
{
"title": "Sérgio Moraes",
"text": " being knocked down twice by Ferreira. Moraes fought fellow alumnus Renée Forte on October 13, 2012 at UFC 153. After being outstruck for much of the bout, Moraes rallied back in the third round and defeated a visibly exhausted Forte by submission due to a rear naked choke. Moraes faced Neil Magny on August 3, 2013 at UFC 163. Moraes won the fight via triangle choke in the first round. The win also earned him his first \"Submission of the Night\" bonus award. Moraes was expected to face Zak Cummings on November 30, 2013 at. However, Cummings and Moraes had to pull out of the event due to injury and were replaced by Sean Spencer and Drew Dober respectively. Moraes was expected to face Peter Sobotta on April 11, 2015 at UFC Fight Night 64. However, Sobotta was forced out of the bout citing injury and was replaced by Gasan Umalatov. In turn, Umalatov also pulled out with injury and was replaced by promotional newcomer Mickaël Lebout. Moraes won the fight via unanimous decision. The fight with Sobotta was rescheduled for June 20, 2015 at UFC Fight Night"
},
{
"title": "Sérgio Moraes",
"text": " 69. On June 9, the fight was scrapped once again as Moraes pulled out for undisclosed reasons. He was replaced by promotional newcomer Steve Kennedy. Moraes faced Omari Akhmedov on December 10, 2015 at UFC Fight Night 80. He won the fight via KO in the third round. Moraes was expected to face Kamaru Usman on May 14, 2016 at UFC 198. However, Usman was replaced on the card for undisclosed reasons by promotional newcomer Luan Chagas. The fight was scored a split draw. Moraes was expected to face Michael Graves on November 19, 2016 at UFC Fight Night 100. However, Graves was removed from the fight on October 3 after he was arrested on a misdemeanor battery charge. Moraes instead faced Zak Ottow on the card. Moraes was awarded a split decision victory. Moraes was expected to face Max Griffin but Griffin pulled out of the fight and Moraes faced promotional newcomer Davi Ramos on March 11, 2017 at UFC Fight Night 106. He won the fight via unanimous decision. After the fight with Ramos, Moraes signed a new, six-fight deal with UFC. A rescheduled bout with Kamaru Usman eventually took place on September 16"
},
{
"title": "Sérgio Moraes",
"text": ", 2017 at UFC Fight Night 116. Moraes lost the fight via knockout in the first round. Moraes was scheduled to face promotional newcomer Abubakar Nurmagomedov on February 3, 2018 at. Within the same day, for undisclosed reasons, Nurmagomedov was replaced by Tim Means. Moraes won the fight via split decision. Moraes faced Ben Saunders on September 22, 2018 at UFC Fight Night 137. He won the fight via a submission in round two. Moraes faced Anthony Rocco Martin on March 9, 2019 at UFC Fight Night 146. He lost the fight by unanimous decision. Moraes faced Warlley Alves on May 11, 2019 at UFC 237. He lost the fight via knockout in the third round. Moraes faced James Krause on November 16, 2019 at UFC on ESPN+ 22. He lost the fight via knockout in round three and was subsequently released from the UFC.</s><s>Mixed martial arts career.:Post-UFC career. On September 8, 2020, news surfaced that Moraes had signed with Taura MMA and made his promotional debut against Jared Revel at Taura MMA 10 on October 23, 2020. He lost the fight via unanimous decision.</s><s>Champions"
},
{
"title": "Sérgio Moraes",
"text": "hips and accomplishments.</s><s>Championships and accomplishments.:Mixed martial arts. - Ultimate Fighting Championship - Submission of the Night (One time)</s><s>Mixed martial arts record.</s><s>See also. - List of current UFC fighters - List of male mixed martial artists</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Sérgio Moraes",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Latin America/Africa"
}
|
factscore-000365
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Adel Emam.
|
[
{
"title": "Adel Emam",
"text": "<s>Adel Emam Adel Emam (; born 17 May 1940 is an Egyptian film, television, and stage actor. He is primarily a comedian, but he has starred in more serious works and, combined comedy with romance especially in his earlier films, which included \"My Wife, the Director General\", \"My Wife's Dignity\" and \"My Wife's Goblin\" with Salah Zulfikar and Shadia. Emam earned a bachelor's degree in Agriculture from Cairo University. Since then he has appeared in over 103 movies and 10 plays. He is one of the most famous actors in Egypt and the in the Arab world. His contributions to the stage and film industries through addressing social and political issues in film and television earned him a cult following and a worldwide reputation that made him one of the most influential Arab public figures in the 1980s and 1990s. Adel Imam is considered by a huge mass of cult followers as a cultural icon in the history of modern Egypt. In January 2000, the United Nations appointed Emam as a Goodwill Ambassador for UNHCR.</s><s>Career. Emam launched his career in theater in \"Ana w Howa w Heya\" (1962) with Fouad El-Mohandes and Shwikar"
},
{
"title": "Adel Emam",
"text": " and in cinema he acted in \"My Wife, the Director General\" (1966), \"My Wife's Dignity\" (1967), and \"My Wife's Goblin\" (1968) with leading actors Salah Zulfikar and Shadia. In early 1970s, he co-starred in \"Virgo\" (1970) with Salah Zulfikar, and shared the lead in \"Find a scandal\" (1973) with Mervat Amin and Samir Sabry. Later, he started to act in starring roles in the 1980s and 1990s including \"The Suspect\" (1981), and \"Love in a Jail Cell\" (1983), both films alongside Soad Hosny. He was an important national figure in Egypt largely because of the Egyptian political roles he took on in many of his films and plays, he always focused on Egypt's politics and religious problems. These roles, whether he intended it or not, often put him in a critical position vis-à-vis the president or the government, such as \"The Terrorist\" (1994) alongside Salah Zulfikar in Zulfikar's final film role. He has been cast several times by the producer Emad Adeeb in movies like \"Morgan"
},
{
"title": "Adel Emam",
"text": " Ahmed Morgan\" (2007), and \"Hassan and Marcus\" (2008) starring Omar Sharif. In 2005, he starred in \"The Embassy in the Building\", playing a Cairene everyman inconvenienced when the Embassy of Israel moves into his apartment building. In the following year, Emam was one of the ensemble cast of \"The Yacoubian Building\", a film reputed to be the highest-budgeted in Egyptian cinema and adapted from the novel of the same name. The story is a sharp look at contemporary Egyptian life through the prism of a faded downtown Cairo apartment building. Emam portrays an aging \"roué\" whose misadventures form a central strand of the film's complex narrative.</s><s>Personal life. Adel Emam married to a woman named Hala El-Shalaqani and has three children: the director Rami Imam, Sarah Emam, and Mohamed Emam, who also starred in the movie \"The Yacoubian Building\" as \"Taha ElShazli\". He's the brother of Esam Imam and Iman Imam. His brother-in-law was actor Mustafa Metwalli. Adel Emam stated on a talk show hosted by Hala Sarhan that Amin Shalaby"
},
{
"title": "Adel Emam",
"text": " and the late Younes Shalaby as well as Saeed Saleh were his best friends since university. In February 2012, Emam was sentenced (in absentia) to three months in jail for offending Islam. Imam said he would appeal the sentence. On September 12, 2012, Emam won his appeal when a Cairo misdemeanours court cleared him of defaming Islam in his films.</s><s>Awards. Adel Emam received numerous awards through his five decades career. He won \"Horus\" Award twice for his leading roles in \"Omaret Yakobean\" and \"Al-irhabi\" at Cairo International Film Festival. He won the Honorary Award of the Festival at 2014 Marrakech International Film Festival. He won International Jury Award at São Paulo International Film Festival. In 2005 and 2008 Dubai International Film Festival awarded Adel Emam the Lifetime Achievement Award. He received the first Career Achievement Award in El-Gouna Film Festival in 2017.</s><s>Honours. - Commander of the Order of Merit (Egypt) - Knight (\"Achir\") of the National Order of Merit (Algeria) - Commander of the National Order of the Cedar - Commander of the Order of Ouissam Alaouite - Grand"
},
{
"title": "Adel Emam",
"text": " Officier of the National Order of Merit of Tunisia</s><s>See also. - Salah Zulfikar filmography - List of Egyptian films of the 1970s - List of Egyptian films of the 1980s</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Adel Emam",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Latin America/Africa"
}
|
factscore-000366
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Ian Khama.
|
[
{
"title": "Ian Khama",
"text": "<s>Ian Khama Seretse Khama Ian Khama (born 27 February 1953) is a Botswana politician and former military officer who was the fourth President of the Republic of Botswana from 1 April 2008 to 1 April 2018. After serving as Commander of the Botswana Defence Force, he entered politics and was Vice-President of Botswana from 1998 to 2008, then succeeded Festus Mogae as President on 1 April 2008. He won a full term in the 2009 election and was re-elected in October 2014.</s><s>Early life. Ian Khama is the second child of Sir Seretse Khama (1 July 1921 – 13 July 1980), Botswana's foremost independence leader and its president from 1966 to 1980, and Lady Khama. He was born in Chertsey, Surrey, while his father was living in exile in the United Kingdom, due to the opposition by the colonial government and the emergent apartheid regime in South Africa to his marriage to a white woman. He is also the grandson of Sekgoma II (1869–1925), who was the paramount chief of the Bamangwato people, and the great-grandson of Khama III (1837–1923), their king. His great-great grandfather of K"
},
{
"title": "Ian Khama",
"text": "gosikgolo Sekgoma I was Chief of the Bamangwato people (1815–1885). The name \"Seretse\" means “the clay that binds together”, and was given to his father to celebrate the recent reconciliation of his father and grandfather; this reconciliation assured Seretse Khama's ascension to the throne when his aged father died in 1925. Ian Seretse Khama is named after his father to continue this historical legacy. He is also known simply as Ian Khama to differentiate between himself and his father. Tshekedi Khama II, Ian Khama's brother, was named after their great uncle, Tshekedi Khama who was the regent and guardian for Seretse Khama, the first president of Botswana.</s><s>Education and military career. Ian Khama was educated at Waterford Kamhlaba, a United World College in Mbabane, and at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. He is a qualified pilot. In April 1977, Khama was appointed as a brigadier general at age 24 during Sir Seretse Khama's Presidency, making him the Deputy Commander to late former Vice President Lt. Gen. Mompati Merafhe. He later"
},
{
"title": "Ian Khama",
"text": " served as the Commander of the Botswana Defence Force (BDF) from his appointment in 1989, retiring from the position in 1998. During this time, Khama received military honours, including the Founder Officer Medal for being part of the Botswana Defence Force when it was created in 1977, the Duty Code Order for devotion to duty, and the Distinguished Service Medal in 1997 after 20 years of service.</s><s>Political career. Khama, serving as Commander of the Botswana Defence Force, announced on 16 December 1997 that he would retire from his command on 31 March 1998. Because this was the same date as the planned retirement of President Quett Masire, it fueled political speculation about Khama. On 1 April 1998, when Vice-President Festus Mogae succeeded Masire as President, Khama was appointed as the new Vice-President. However, Khama did not hold a seat in the National Assembly, and so could not immediately take office as Vice-President. In early July 1998 he overwhelmingly won a by-election in Serowe North, receiving 2,986 votes against 86 votes for the candidate of the opposition Botswana National Front. On 13 July, he took his seat in the National Assembly and was sworn in as Vice-President. By these"
},
{
"title": "Ian Khama",
"text": " actions, he effectively renounced his hitherto unclaimed hereditary chieftaincy, as the constitutional monarchs of modern Botswana are legally barred from actively taking part in party politics. Be this as it may, many traditional Bamangwato continued to recognize him as their chief. Following the victory of the Botswana Democratic Party (BDP) in the general election of October 1999, Khama remained Vice-President as well as Minister of Presidential Affairs and Public Administration. Mogae granted Khama a one-year leave later in the year, a decision that the opposition Botswana Congress Party and the Botswana Council of Non-Governmental Organizations sharply criticized. Khama's leave became effective on 1 January 2000. He returned to his duties as Vice-President on 1 September 2000, although he was replaced as Minister of Presidential Affairs and Public Administration at that time. Khama, already a member of the BDP Central Committee, was elected as Chairman of the BDP on 22 July 2003 at a party congress; he defeated the previous Chairman, Ponatshego Kedikilwe, receiving 512 votes against 219 for Kedikilwe. Khama had been backed for the post by President Mogae, paving the way for Khama to eventually succeed Mogae as"
},
{
"title": "Ian Khama",
"text": " President. In 2007, Khama appeared on British television in the BBC's \"Top Gear\" motoring programme, meeting the presenters as they prepared to cross the Makgadikgadi Pan in northern Botswana by car. In April 2022, Ian Khama was summoned by the justice of his country. The former head of state is accused, among other things, of illegal possession of a firearm. The case dates back to 2016. In December 2022, a warrant for Khama's arrest was given for illegal possession of firearms. The warrant was given after he did not appear to the court summonings earlier in the year.</s><s>Presidency.</s><s>Presidency.:Interim term, 2008–2009. Mogae stepped down, as he had long said he would do, on 1 April 2008; Khama succeeded him as President. At his swearing-in ceremony in Gaborone, Khama said that there would be continuity in policy and no \"radical changes\", although he said that \"a change in style and special emphasis on a number of issues\" might be evident, and he emphasized his commitment to democracy. He immediately undertook a major cabinet reshuffle, and he appointed Mompati Merafhe, who had been Foreign Minister, as the new"
},
{
"title": "Ian Khama",
"text": " Vice-President. Upon becoming President, Khama left his post as Chairman of the BDP; Daniel Kwelagobe was chosen to replace him. Khama was not elected to the presidency for his first year in office, being appointed due to his position as Vice President. Some political commentators such as Kenneth Good see as a flaw in the electoral system in Botswana. President Khama first articulated his desire to impose a 70% alcohol levy, meant to combat the problem of excessive drinking in Botswana. The practical effect of such a levy was soon seen to have a deleterious effect on the brewing industry, who resisted the imposition of such a levy, along with bars and other drinking establishments. The President later imposed a 30% levy after consulting with industry leaders, including the Botswana Confederation of Commerce, Industry and Manpower. SAB Miller secured British diplomatic representation to attempt to lower the levy. In 2008, The Media Practitioners Act passed into Botswana law, and has been criticized as inhibiting free speech by several outlets. The bill's language seeks to encourage a more professional journalistic standard. The law has proven to be difficult to enforce or implement. In 2009, Khama appeared on CNN's African Voices which painted a positive picture of Khama, and"
},
{
"title": "Ian Khama",
"text": " named Botswana an African \"success story\".</s><s>Presidency.:2009 general election. In the 2009 Botswana general election, Khama was elected to the first of two terms as president. Politically, Khama's election campaign was dominated by internal squabbling in the Botswana Democratic Party (BDP), which was clearly divided into two major factions, the A-Team and the Barata Phati factions. The A-Team was led by President Khama, Jacob Nkate, the former minister of education, and the late former vice president Mompati Merafhe. The Barata Phati faction was led by former BDP secretary general Daniel Kwelagobe, formerly the chairman of the party, the late Gomolemo Motswaledi, and also retired former vice president Ponatshego Kedikilwe, who wished to bring about constitutional reform not only to the BDP but also to the country's constitution. In the run-up to the 2009 elections, Motswaledi, who gave up on his ambition to run for a seat in Serowe in order to make way for Ian Khama's brother, Tshekedi Khama II, was also excluded from representing Gaborone when he ran"
},
{
"title": "Ian Khama",
"text": " afoul of President Khama. Motswaledi lost a law suit against Khama when the High Court ruled that the president enjoyed constitutional immunity from litigation by virtue of his position. After this incident, critics accused Khama of authoritarian tendencies; More than half of the BDP central Committee at one time felt that Khama had on many instances acted beyond his powers. Others, including Khama and his legal representation, said that he was simply instilling discipline as part of his role as the head of the party. Khama won 53.26% of the vote, and a majority of seats in the National Assembly.</s><s>Presidency.:First term, 2009–2014. After the 2009 election, Motswaledi bowed out of the BDP to form another political party, the Botswana Movement for Democracy (BMD). Khama put in place a ban on Elephant hunting in 2014. The death of John Kalifatis, whose death resulted during the course of a robbery investigation, occurred early in Khama's presidency. The police statement on Kalifatis reads: \"The deceased, John Kalafatis, had a warrant of arrest issued against him on 12 January 2009 for armed robbery among others. All along, he was a fugitive from justice.\""
},
{
"title": "Ian Khama",
"text": " The officers involved claimed that they mistakenly believed him to be reaching for his firearm at the time of the shooting. Other sources dispute this, and claim that Kalafatis had been executed by members of the Botswana Defense Force. The three members of the BDF responsible for the death of Kalifatis were found guilty of murder, and each sentenced to 11 years in prison. They received a presidential pardon from Khama in 2012. This was seen as proof by some sources that Khama was involved in the killing. The prosecuting lawyer for Kalifatis said “What is his special interest in these particular offenders, how can we not suspect that he had a personal interest in the case…?”</s><s>Presidency.:2014 general election. In the 2014 Botswana general election, Khama won his second term. His party received 46.45% of the vote, and a majority of seats in the National Assembly. In the lead up to the election, opposition politician Gomolemo Motswaledi died in a traffic collision on 30 July 2014. While there was some speculation on the incident being politically motivated, the police force concluded that the death was an accident.</s><s>Presidency.:Second term, 2014–2018. In 2015, Khama was"
},
{
"title": "Ian Khama",
"text": " awarded an honorary doctorate in political science from Konkuk University in South Korea. After he received the degree, Khama's official title was \"His Excellency the President Lieutenant General Dr Seretse Khama Ian Khama\".</s><s>Political opinions. Khama took a strong stance against the Zimbabwean government, particularly Robert Mugabe. He did so by refusing to recognize the government unless and until it included members of the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) headed by Morgan Tsvangarai. Khama also condemned the action of Sudan's President Omar al-Bashir in the region of Darfur and became a vocal critic of despotic governments in Africa along with President Jakaya Kikwete of Tanzania and President Levy Mwanawasa of Zambia. Khama has been criticized by some figures for making poor decisions, including by former president Quett Masire, who claimed that the BDP had been taken over by opportunists looking to benefit from senior government positions. Under Khama, the government has also established the Directorate of Intelligence and Security Services (DISS) with police powers, which is seen as the Botswana equivalent of the Federal Bureau of Investigation in the United States. Although this type of organization is not new and is found in"
},
{
"title": "Ian Khama",
"text": " many countries, it has critics in Botswana who charge that there are very few domestic or transnational threats that the police and the military could not handle. Some, including Executive director of the Open Society Initiative for Southern Africa, Siphosami Malunga, have argued that the institution, initially headed by President Khama's close friend Issac Kgosi, could easily be manipulated and used against political enemies or others who criticize the President or his administration. On the economic front, Khama has been a vocal proponent of moving Botswana away from its over-reliance on diamonds and diversifying its economy, especially to the agriculture and tourism sector. Khama put in place a ban on elephant hunting during his time as President, and supported conservation efforts in Botswana. In 2018, he criticized President Donald Trump for encouraging elephant poaching. Khama has been strongly prohibitionist in his attitude towards alcohol, viewing it as a significant problem. Diplomatically, he took a strong stance on North Korea's human rights issues. After cutting ties with North Korea in 2014 over its egregious human rights violations, he described the human rights atrocities in the hermit kingdom 'worse than the African refugee issues', particularly during the mass famine in the 1990s. He gave an interview with the"
},
{
"title": "Ian Khama",
"text": " Yonhap News Agency during his visit to Seoul, South Korea in 2015, criticizing the North's leaders 'living in the Stone Age' and their aggressive actions are unacceptable.</s><s>Retirement. On 1 April 2018, Mokgweetsi Masisi was sworn in as the 5th President of Botswana, succeeding Ian Khama and his full ten years of presidency. After several disagreements with Masisi, in particular criticizing Masisi for authoritarian tendencies, Khama decided to leave the BDP and join the Botswana Patriotic Front (BPF), a newly formed breakaway from the BDP. He campaigned for the BPF, which won three seats in the 2019 general elections in the Serowe area. In 2018, after resigning from the presidency, Khama became a member of the Board of Directors of the US-based organization Conservation International, which is also active in Botswana. In December 2022 a court in Botswana issued an arrest warrant for Khama for the possession of 5 illegal firearms after his failure to appear in court. In total he faces 14 charges.</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Ian Khama",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Latin America/Africa"
}
|
factscore-000367
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Mike Adenuga.
|
[
{
"title": "Mike Adenuga",
"text": "<s>Mike Adenuga Michael Adeniyi Agbolade Ishola Adenuga Jr (born 29 April 1953) is a Nigerian billionaire businessman, and the sixth richest person in Africa. His company Globacom is Nigeria's second-largest telecom operator and also has a presence in Ghana and Benin. He owns stakes in the Equitorial Trust Bank and the oil exploration firm Conoil (formerly Consolidated Oil Company). \"Forbes\" estimated his net worth at $6.2 billion as of May 2021.</s><s>Early life and education. His father, the Oloye Michael Agbolade Adenuga Sr, was a school teacher while his mother, Omoba Juliana Oyindamola Adenuga (née Onashile, of Okesopin, Ijebu Igbo), was a businesswoman of royal Ijebu descent. Adenuga received his secondary school education at Ibadan Grammar School, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria and Comprehensive High School, Aiyetoro, for his Higher School Certificate (HSC). He worked as a taxi driver to help fund his university education. He graduated from Northwestern Oklahoma State University and Pace University, New York, with degrees in Business Administration.</s><s>Care"
},
{
"title": "Mike Adenuga",
"text": "er. Adenuga made his first million in 1979, at age 26, selling lace and distributing soft drinks. In 1990, he received a drilling license and in 1991, his Consolidated Oil struck oil in the shallow waters of Southwestern Ondo State, the first indigenous oil company to do so in commercial quantity. He was issued a conditional GSM licence in 1999; after it was revoked, he received a second one when the government held another auction in 2003. He was named \"African Entrepreneur of The Year\" at the first African Telecoms Awards (ATA) in August 2007. In May 2015, Adenuga made a takeover bid to purchase Ivorian mobile telecom's operator Comium Côte d'Ivoire for $600 million.</s><s>Honours. In 2012, he was made Grand Commander of the Order of the Niger by the government of Nigeria. He holds a Yoruba tribal chieftaincy as the Otunba Apesin of the Ijebu clan. In 2018, he was decorated with the insignia of a Commander of the Legion of Honour by President Emmanuel Macron of France. Adenuga was cited as one of the Top 100 most influential Africans by New African magazine in 2019.</s><s>See also. - List of"
},
{
"title": "Mike Adenuga",
"text": " Yoruba people</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Mike Adenuga",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Latin America/Africa"
}
|
factscore-000368
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Carlos Ghosn.
|
[
{
"title": "Carlos Ghosn",
"text": "<s>Carlos Ghosn Carlos Ghosn Bichara (; ; ;, born 9 March 1954) is a Lebanese, Brazilian and French businessman and former automotive executive. Ghosn was the CEO of Michelin North America, chairman and CEO of Renault, chairman of AvtoVAZ, chairman and CEO of Nissan, and chairman of Mitsubishi Motors. Ghosn was also the chairman and CEO of the Renault–Nissan–Mitsubishi Alliance, a strategic partnership among those automotive manufacturers through a complex cross-shareholding agreement. The venture has held approximately 10% of the total market share since 2010, and as of 2017, was understood to be the largest automobile group worldwide. In 1996, Renault's CEO Louis Schweitzer hired Ghosn as his deputy and charged him with the task of turning the company around from near-bankruptcy. Ghosn developed a plan to cut costs for the period 1998–2000, reducing the workforce, revising production processes, standardising vehicle parts and pushing the launch of new models. The company also undertook major organisational changes, introducing a lean production system with delegate responsibilities inspired by Japanese systems (the \"Renault Production Way\"), reforming work methods and centralising research and development at its Technocent"
},
{
"title": "Carlos Ghosn",
"text": "re to reduce vehicle conception costs while accelerating such conception. Ghosn became known as \"Le Cost Killer\". In the early 2000s he earned the nickname \"Mr. Fix It\", for orchestrating one of the auto industry's most aggressive downsizing campaigns and spearheading the turnaround of Nissan from its near-bankruptcy in 1999. Following the Nissan financial turnaround, in 2002 \"Fortune\" awarded him Asia Businessman of the Year. In 2003 \"Fortune\" identified him as one of the 10 most powerful people in business outside the U.S., and its Asian edition voted him Man of the Year. Surveys jointly published by the \"Financial Times\" and PricewaterhouseCoopers named him the fourth most respected business leader in 2003, and the third most respected business leader in 2004 and in 2005. He quickly achieved celebrity status in Japan and in the business world, and his life has been chronicled in Japanese comics. Ghosn stepped down as CEO of Nissan on 1 April 2017, while remaining Chairman of the company. He was arrested at Tokyo International Airport on 19 November 2018, on allegations of under-reporting his salary and gross misuse of company assets. On 22 November 2018, Nissan's board made a unanimous decision to dismiss Ghosn as Nissan's"
},
{
"title": "Carlos Ghosn",
"text": " Chairman, effective immediately. Mitsubishi Motors' executive board took similar action on 26 November 2018. Renault and the French government continued to support him at first, presuming him innocent until proven guilty. However, they ultimately found the situation untenable and Ghosn was made to retire as chairman and CEO of Renault on 24 January 2019. While out on bail granted in early March, Ghosn was re-arrested in Tokyo on 4 April 2019, over new charges of misappropriations of Nissan funds. On 8 April 2019, Nissan shareholders voted to oust Ghosn from the company's board. He was released again on bail on 25 April. In June, Renault uncovered 11 million euros in questionable expenses by him, leading to a French investigation and raids. With help from an American private-security contractor, hidden in a musical instrument box, Ghosn fled from Japan to Lebanon via Turkey on 30 December 2019, by private jet, breaking his bail conditions. On 2 January 2020, Interpol issued a red notice to Lebanon seeking Ghosn's arrest. Since his escape, he has frequently been interviewed by various media, published books, is the subject of a TV series in Europe, and a documentary by BBC's \"Storyville\".</s><s>Early life"
},
{
"title": "Carlos Ghosn",
"text": " and education. Ghosn's grandfather was Bichara Ghosn, a Maronite Catholic who emigrated from Ajaltoun, French Mandate Lebanon to Brazil at the age of 13, eventually settling in remote Guaporé, Rondônia, near the border between Brazil and Bolivia. Bichara Ghosn was an entrepreneur and eventually headed several companies, in businesses including the rubber trade, the sale and purchase of agricultural products, and aviation. His son Jorge Ghosn married Rose Jazzar, a Nigerian-born Lebanese woman whose family came from Miziara in Lebanon then went to Brazil, where they settled in Porto Velho, the state capital of Rondônia, and had four children. Carlos' father, Jorge Ghosn (died 2006) was a diamond trader and worked in the airline industry. Jorge was convicted of murdering a priest in Sawfar, Lebanon in 1960. Jorge fled to Brazil in 1975 at the outbreak of the Lebanese Civil War. Carlos Ghosn was born on 9 March 1954, in Porto Velho. When he was about two years old he became sick after drinking unsanitary water, and his mother moved with him to Rio de Janeiro. He did not fully recover there, and in"
},
{
"title": "Carlos Ghosn",
"text": " 1960, when Ghosn was six years old, he and his mother and sister moved to Beirut, Lebanon, where his grandmother and two other sisters lived. Ghosn completed his secondary school studies in Lebanon, at the Jesuit school Collège Notre-Dame de Jamhour. He then completed his classes préparatoires in Paris, at the Collège Stanislas and the Lycée Saint-Louis. He graduated as an engineer from the École Polytechnique in 1974 and the École des Mines de Paris in 1978.</s><s>Career.</s><s>Career.:Michelin. After graduation in 1978, Ghosn spent 18 years at Michelin, Europe's largest tire maker, initially training and working in several plants in France and Germany. In 1981, he became plant manager in Le Puy-en-Velay, France. In 1984 he was named head of research and development for the company's industrial tyre division. In 1985, when Ghosn was 30 years old, he was appointed chief operating officer (COO) of Michelin's South American operations. He returned to Rio de Janeiro, reporting directly to François Michelin, who tasked Ghosn with turning around the operation, which was"
},
{
"title": "Carlos Ghosn",
"text": " unprofitable and struggling under Brazil's hyperinflation. Ghosn formed cross-functional management teams to determine best practices among the French, Brazilian, and other nationalities working in the South American division. The multicultural experience in Brazil formed the basis of his cross-cultural management style and emphasis on diversity as a core business asset. \"You learn from diversity... but you're comforted by commonality\", Ghosn has said. The division returned to profitability in two years. After turning around Michelin's South American operations, Ghosn was appointed president and COO of Michelin North America in 1989, and moved to Greenville, South Carolina, with his family. He was promoted to CEO of Michelin North America in 1990. He presided over the restructuring of the company after its acquisition of the Uniroyal Goodrich Tyre Company.</s><s>Career.:Post-privatisation Renault. In 1996, Ghosn became executive vice president in charge of purchasing, advanced research, engineering and development, powertrain operations, and manufacturing at Renault; and he was also in charge of Renault's South American division, located in the Mercosur. Ghosn's radical restructuring of Renault successfully contributed to profitability of the company over 1997. His reputation of"
},
{
"title": "Carlos Ghosn",
"text": " successful performance under François Michelin was repeated under the first CEO of the freshly privatized Renault.</s><s>Career.:Nissan and the Renault–Nissan Alliance. In March 1999, Renault and Nissan formed the Renault–Nissan Alliance, and in May 1999 Renault purchased a 36.8% stake in Nissan. While maintaining his roles at Renault, Ghosn joined Nissan as its chief operating officer (COO) in June 1999, became its president in June 2000, and was named chief executive officer (CEO) in June 2001. When he joined the company, Nissan had a consolidated interest-bearing net automotive debt of more than $20 billion (more than 2 trillion yen), and only three of its 46 models sold in Japan were generating a profit. Reversing the company's sinking fortunes was considered nearly impossible. Ghosn's \"Nissan Revival Plan\", announced in October 1999, called for a return to profitability in fiscal year 2000, a profit margin in excess of 4.5% of sales by the end of fiscal year 2002, and a 50% reduction in the current level of debt by the end of fiscal year 2002. Ghosn promised to resign if these goals were not met. Ghosn's Nissan Revival Plan called for cutting 21,"
},
{
"title": "Carlos Ghosn",
"text": "000 Nissan jobs (14% of total workforce), mostly in Japan; shutting five Japanese plants; reducing the number of suppliers and shareholdings; and auctioning off prized assets such as Nissan's aerospace unit. Ghosn was the fourth non-Japanese person to lead a Japanese automaker, after Mark Fields, Henry Wallace and James Miller were appointed by Ford to run Mazda in the late 1990s. In addition to cutting jobs, plants, and suppliers, Ghosn spearheaded major and dramatic structural and corporate-culture changes at Nissan. He defied Japanese business etiquette in various ways, including by eliminating seniority-based and age-based promotion, by changing lifetime employment from a guarantee to a desired goal for when the company achieved high performance, and by dismantling Nissan's \"keiretsu\" system; an interwoven web of parts suppliers with cross-holdings in Nissan. When the Nissan Revival Plan was announced, the proposed dismantling of \"keiretsu\" earned Ghosn the nickname \"\"keiretsu\" killer\", and \"The Wall Street Journal\" quoted a Dresdner Kleinwort Benson analyst in Tokyo as saying Ghosn might become a \"target of public outrage\" if Nissan threw former affiliates out of its supply chain. Ghos"
},
{
"title": "Carlos Ghosn",
"text": "n changed Nissan's official company language from Japanese to English, and included executives from Europe and North America in key global strategy sessions for the first time. In the first year of the Nissan Revival Plan, Nissan's consolidated net profit after tax climbed to $2.7 billion for fiscal year 2000, from a consolidated net loss of $6.46 billion in the previous year. Twelve months into his three-year turnaround plan, Nissan had returned to profitability, and within three years it was one of the industry's most profitable auto makers, with operating margins consistently above 9%; more than twice the industry average. The goals of the Nissan Revival Plan were all reached before 31 March 2002. In May 2002, Ghosn announced his next set of goals for the company, \"Nissan 180\", a three-year plan for growth based on the numbers 1, 8, and 0: By the end of September 2005, Nissan planned to increase its global sales by one million vehicles; and by the spring of 2005, it was committed to achieving an operating margin of at least 8% and reducing its net automotive debt to zero. These goals were all reached: In the spring of 2003, Nissan announced that its net automotive debt was eliminated in fiscal year 2002. Nissan's operating profit margin climbed"
},
{
"title": "Carlos Ghosn",
"text": " to 11.1% in fiscal year 2003; it had been 1.4% in fiscal year 1999. In October 2005, Nissan announced that its annual sales from 30 September 2004, to 30 September 2005, were more than 3.67 million, up from the 2.6 million vehicles sold in the fiscal year ended March 2002. In May 2005, Ghosn was named president and chief executive officer of Renault. When he assumed the CEO roles at both Renault and Nissan, Ghosn became the world's first person to run two companies on the Fortune Global 500 simultaneously. In 2005, billionaire investor Kirk Kerkorian acquired a 9.9% stake in General Motors (GM) and seated one of his representatives on the company's board, then urged GM to investigate a merger with Renault and Nissan with Ghosn as the new chairman of GM. In 2006, GM's embattled management rebuffed the takeover attempt, and by the end of the year, Kerkorian's Tracinda Corp. sold most of its GM stock. In 2006, Ford Motor Co. made Ghosn a formal offer to lead the company. Ghosn refused, reportedly saying the only way he would come to the struggling company was if he was named both the CEO and chairman of"
},
{
"title": "Carlos Ghosn",
"text": " the board. Bill Ford Jr. refused to give up his chairmanship. In 2007, Ghosn led the Renault–Nissan Alliance into the mass-market zero-emission electric car market in a major way, and committed €4 billion (more than $5 billion) to the effort. In 2008, he confirmed that Nissan–Renault would bring an \"entire lineup\" of zero-emission electric cars to the worldwide market by 2012. In 2009, he told the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School of Business, \"If you're going to let developing countries have as many cars as they want—and they're going to have as many cars as they want one way or another—there is absolutely no alternative but to go for zero emissions. And the only zero-emissions vehicle available today is electric ... So we decided to go for it.\" The Nissan Leaf, an electric car billed as \"the world's first affordable zero-emission car\", debuted in December 2010. As of 2017, the Renault–Nissan Alliance is the world's electric vehicle leader, selling more than twice as many electric cars as Tesla, and the Nissan Leaf is the world's best-selling electric vehicle by a wide margin. Ghosn was a visible"
},
{
"title": "Carlos Ghosn",
"text": " leader in recovery efforts after the Japanese earthquake and tsunami on 11 March 2011, one of the worst natural disasters in modern history. On 29 March 2011, he made the first of several visits to the hard-hit Iwaki engine plant in Fukushima prefecture, 50 km (31 miles) from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, and at his direction Nissan restored full operations at the Iwaki factory well ahead of expectations. He appeared on television in Japan to encourage optimism. In May 2011, Ghosn remained committed to building at least 1 million of Nissan's cars and trucks in Japan annually. In 2011 Ghosn was under scrutiny by the French government for mishandling a spying scandal related to Renault. In June 2012, Ghosn was named deputy chairman of the board of directors of Russian automobile manufacturer AvtoVAZ. In June 2013, he was appointed chairman of the Russian company, a position he retained through June 2016. Renault had begun a strategic partnership with AvtoVAZ in 2008 by acquiring a 25% stake in the company; this led to increasingly deeper partnerships between Renault–Nissan and AvtoVAZ, ending in Renault–Nissan Alliance control of the Russian automaker in 2014. In February 2017, Ghosn announced he would step down"
},
{
"title": "Carlos Ghosn",
"text": " as CEO of Nissan on 1 April 2017, while remaining chairman of the company. Hiroto Saikawa, succeeded Ghosn at Nissan. In November 2018, Renault owned 43.4% of Nissan, while Nissan owned non-voting shares equal to 15% of Renault's equity.</s><s>Career.:Mitsubishi. In October 2016, Nissan completed the acquisition of a controlling 34% stake in Mitsubishi Motors. Ghosn became, in addition to his Renault–Nissan posts, chairman of Mitsubishi, with an aim to rehabilitate the automaker after a months-long scandal involving fuel-economy misrepresentation and consequent falling revenues. The Nissan–Mitsubishi partnership includes partnership in developing electric automobiles for Mitsubishi, and the Renault–Nissan–Mitsubishi Alliance creates the world's fourth-largest auto group, after Toyota, Volkswagen AG, and General Motors Co. Mitsubishi Motors board removed Ghosn from his role as chairman on 26 November 2018, following his arrest and ousting from Nissan for alleged financial misconduct.</s><s>Career.:Advisorships. Ghosn served on the International Advisory Board of Brazilian bank Banco Itaú (a major party in the privatisation of"
},
{
"title": "Carlos Ghosn",
"text": " Renault) until 2015. He is also a member of the advisory board of Tsinghua University School of Economics and Management in Beijing. He has received an honorary doctorate from American University of Beirut; and he is a member of the Strategic Council, Saint Joseph University of Beirut. In 2014 and 2015, he was elected president of the European Automobile Manufacturers Association. He serves as governor of the World Economic Forum.</s><s>Arrest in Tokyo, subsequent Nissan investigation and escape to Lebanon.</s><s>Arrest in Tokyo, subsequent Nissan investigation and escape to Lebanon.:Initial arrest. On 19 November 2018, Tokyo District Prosecutors arrested Ghosn at 4:30 p.m. upon his re-entry into Japan aboard a private jet that had come from Lebanon, for questioning over allegations of false accounting. Ghosn's top aide Greg Kelly, a Nissan director and former head of human resources, was also arrested upon his arrival from the U.S. that day. On the same day, Nissan chief executive Hiroto Saikawa announced at a press conference that Ghosn had been dismissed from Nissan's board and would be stripped of executive rights at a meeting to be held on 22 November. Saikawa stressed that the dismissal was the result of an internal inquiry by"
},
{
"title": "Carlos Ghosn",
"text": " Nissan, and alleged that Ghosn and Kelly had under-reported their compensation (a violation of securities law) and used company assets for personal use. While the allegations remained unproven in court, with due legal process pending, at the same news conference, Saikawa \"expressed disappointment, indignation, and despair at Ghosn's conduct, which included using company funds for personal investments and misusing corporate assets\" and also said, \"This is an act that cannot be tolerated by the company... It is sufficient grounds for his dismissal.\" Although the company did not provide details, reports in the Japanese media stated that Nissan was paying all or some of the costs at some amount of US$18 million for residences used by Ghosn in Rio de Janeiro, Beirut, Paris and Amsterdam, and that Ghosn charged family vacation expenses to the company. The purchases of some of these residences and the payment of expenses were handled by a shell company named Zi-A Capital BV based in the Netherlands, which Kelly had instructed Nissan's board to set up to make venture investments at the end of 2010 (around the same time as Ghosn's divorce from his first wife and beginning of a relationship with his second wife). Nissan funds were used to purchase Ghosn's"
},
{
"title": "Carlos Ghosn",
"text": " Paris apartment in 2005, and Zi-A funds were used to purchase his $5 million beachfront Rio apartment in 2012 and his Beirut mansion, which, with renovations, cost over $15 million. Nissan compliance auditors began trying to track Zi-A activity in 2014 but were stymied at first by the chain of shell companies used in Zi-A investments. In addition, to avoid reporting the full amount of his compensation in Nissan financials, as required by Japanese law beginning in 2010, Ghosn had Kelly structure complicated deferred payment plans which went unreported under an aggressive interpretation of the disclosure rules which Nissan's outside auditors had not signed off on, and which totaled around $80 million at the time of his arrest eight years later. According to \"Nikkei\" reports, Ghosn told investigators that he instructed Kelly to handle the compensation reporting in a legal manner, and Kelly told investigators that he acted on advice from outside law firms and the Financial Services Agency in handling the reporting. Leaks to the media said that Ghosn had planned to call a vote to fire Nissan CEO Saikawa and reinstate Kelly (who had semi-retired to the U.S. in 2015) to active service at the scheduled board meeting. Ghosn"
},
{
"title": "Carlos Ghosn",
"text": " was detained at the Tokyo Detention House, under Japanese rules that allow suspects to be detained for up to 23 days without criminal charges being filed. Ghosn and Kelly were reportedly arrested on information provided by an unidentified non-Japanese executive in Nissan's legal department, in the second deal ever struck under Japan's recently introduced plea bargaining system. Charges were filed against Ghosn and Kelly on the underreporting of deferred compensation on 10 December, along with allegations of additional charges that restarted a 10-day holding period without bail. Nissan also took control of the Rio and Beirut properties and changed the locks, which has led Ghosn's family to sue for access.</s><s>Arrest in Tokyo, subsequent Nissan investigation and escape to Lebanon.:Continued detention and new charges. On 21 December 2018, Ghosn was re-arrested on suspicion of shifting to Nissan personal losses of US$16.6 million related to a personal swap contract in October 2008 (during the global financial crisis). The introduction of those charges prevented Ghosn's release on bail later the same day, because the new charges permitted an additional 10–20 days of incarceration prior to a bail hearing. Subsequent reporting linked this charge to Ghosn's dealings with Sheikh Khaled al-J"
},
{
"title": "Carlos Ghosn",
"text": "uffali, the vice chairman of one of Saudi Arabia's largest conglomerates and majority owner of a company which owns half of a regional joint venture called Nissan Gulf, with the other half held by a wholly owned Nissan subsidiary. In return for a personal letter of credit from Juffali to Ghosn during the 2008 crisis, which served as bank-demanded collateral for Ghosn's swap contract, Nissan indirectly paid $14.7 million from an internal discretionary fund known as the \"CEO Reserve\" to a wholly owned Juffali company in four installments between 2009 and 2012, although the internal documentation did not specify the ultimate recipient. According to Tokyo prosecutors, Kelly was not involved in this transaction and so was released on bail on 25 December. Ghosn made his first public appearance after his arrest at an arraignment on Tuesday, 8 January 2019, where he asserted his innocence, making a statement in response to the main allegations against him; however, his bid to be released from prison on these charges was rejected. Ghosn's imprisonment was set to end on 11 January 2019. That day, Ghosn was indicted on two additional charges: aggravated breach of trust and understating his income, once again extending his imprisonment. As a result, he could"
},
{
"title": "Carlos Ghosn",
"text": " remain in jail for months more before a trial would take place. Two days later, Nissan's investigation allegedly found that, in addition to the underreporting of salary already charged, Ghosn had paid himself an undisclosed $8 million in 2018 from a Netherlands-based joint venture owned by Nissan and Mitsubishi that was set up in 2017, without the knowledge of either company's directors because Ghosn had the sole authority to dispense cash from the venture. Ghosn again appealed the denial of bail from 8 January 2019 and offered to meet greater restrictions and higher guarantees of appearance in return for his release, including wearing an ankle bracelet and posting his Nissan stock as collateral. Additionally, on 14 January 2019 Ghosn's wife Carole published a letter that she wrote to Human Rights Watch protesting against his treatment in detainment. Nevertheless, on 21 January 2019, the Tokyo district court again denied bail. The Japanese term hitojichi shihō (\"hostage justice\") has been brought up in some media reports. Takashi Takano, one of Ghosn's lawyers stated that the Japanese judicial system is a country risk.</s><s>Arrest in Tokyo, subsequent Nissan investigation and escape to Lebanon.:Further developments. On 11 January 2019 José Muñoz, Nissan"
},
{
"title": "Carlos Ghosn",
"text": "'s chief performance officer and head of its China operations, resigned from the company. Muñoz, considered to be a close ally to Ghosn and a possible successor as CEO of Renault and Nissan, had been a \"person of interest\" in Nissan's internal investigation, with which he was reported to be uncooperative. One of Nissan's three independent directors opined that Nissan may simply eliminate the position of chairman and not replace Ghosn, a route previously taken by other scandal-plagued Japanese companies. The Reuters Japan news service reported that Nissan may file suit against Ghosn personally. At first the French government and Renault had been reported to be standing behind Ghosn during his imprisonment, on the presumption that Ghosn is innocent until proven guilty. However, France's financial minister Bruno Le Maire stated on 16 January that Renault may seek a new CEO to replace Ghosn due to his continued incarceration. Renault possibly worried about Nissan taking the chance to use the power vacuum at Renault to reshape the alliance's balance of power. After the French government called for leadership change and his bail requests were rejected by the Japanese courts, Ghosn finally agreed to step down. He resigned as chairman and CEO of Renault on 24 January 2019. On 30"
},
{
"title": "Carlos Ghosn",
"text": " January 2019, Ghosn said the charges were \"plot and treason\" by executives at Nissan who opposed the relationship with Renault and a future plan that was in the works to integrate Nissan, Mitsubishi and Renault. In mid-February 2019, Ghosn's lead counsel Motonari Otsuru stepped down and was replaced by Jun'ichirō Hironaka, who has a record of success in a number of high-profile cases.</s><s>Arrest in Tokyo, subsequent Nissan investigation and escape to Lebanon.:Further developments.:Bail. In early March 2019, Ghosn was granted a request for bail in a Tokyo court. This was his third bail request, and the first by his new legal team under Hironaka. The court set bail at 1 billion yen (about US$9 million) subject to stringent conditions. He was not allowed to travel abroad, and had to remain at a given address under 24-hour camera surveillance, with no internet access. He was released on 6 March 2019. On 3 April 2019, Ghosn tweeted that he was \"ready to tell the truth\" and that he would hold a conference on 11 April 2019. He was re-arrested for the fourth time early on 4 April 2019 over"
},
{
"title": "Carlos Ghosn",
"text": " new suspicions of financial misconduct concerning alleged dealings via Oman. Ghosn released a statement claiming the arrest was \"outrageous and arbitrary\". Until that point in time he had been held for 108 days since he was first arrested in November 2018. On 8 April 2019, during an extraordinary shareholders meeting, Nissan shareholders voted to remove Carlos Ghosn from the company board. Shareholders also voted to remove Ghosn's former right-hand man Greg Kelly, and to appoint Renault chairman Jean-Dominique Senard as a director. The next day, Ghosn posted a YouTube video, where he publicly stated that he was \"innocent of all the accusations that came around these charges that are all biased, taken out of context, twisted in a way to paint a personage of greed, and a personage of dictatorship\". He also claimed that the payments to Juffali were meant to help Nissan fix a dispute with a local distributor, and to open a bank contract to convert his salary from yen to US dollars, in order to avoid currency swings. The Japanese court rejected an appeal filed by Ghosn's lawyers, and approved an initial 10 days detention for Ghosn, until 22 April 2019. He was released in late April, but confined to strict house"
},
{
"title": "Carlos Ghosn",
"text": " arrest, including having no contact with his wife for four months.</s><s>Arrest in Tokyo, subsequent Nissan investigation and escape to Lebanon.:Further developments.:Investigations in other countries. In June 2019 Renault published that in an internal audit they had uncovered 11 million euros in questionable expenses by Ghosn, which was followed by the French state opening its own investigation into his actions. Prosecutors in the district of Nanterre west of Paris stated that anti-fraud police had searched his residence in the town of L'Étang-la-Ville for evidence. In July Renault's headquarters in Boulogne-Billancourt were searched by 20 police personnel in relation to this case. July also saw Carlos Ghosn take action against French mass-media for libel. In August 2019 his wife Carole appealed to President Emmanuel Macron of France to intercede on behalf of her husband with Japanese leader Shinzo Abe at the 45th G7 summit held from 24 to 26 August at the French town of Biarritz. In September 2019, in one of the first legal accords of the saga, Ghosn settled with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission over claims of failing to disclose more than $140 million in pay to him from Nissan"
},
{
"title": "Carlos Ghosn",
"text": ". He was fined $1 million while Nissan was fined $15 million and Greg Kelly $100,000. Although he neither admitted nor denied the SEC's charges, he accepted a ten-year ban from serving as an officer or director of a public company. Kelly accepted a five-year ban under similar terms. According to \"The New York Times\", the settlement all but ended Ghosn's career as a global business executive.</s><s>Arrest in Tokyo, subsequent Nissan investigation and escape to Lebanon.:Flight from Japan. On 30 December 2019, numerous media outlets reported that Ghosn had escaped from Japan and arrived in Beirut, Lebanon. Ghosn later confirmed these reports through a statement released by his press representative in New York. In his statement, Ghosn claimed that he would \"no longer be held hostage by a rigged Japanese justice system where guilt is presumed, discrimination is rampant and basic human rights are denied.\" Ghosn left his Tokyo apartment at around 14:30 on 29 December 2019 and joined two men at a nearby hotel. The three then took a bullet train from Shinagawa to Osaka and arrived at a hotel near Kansai International Airport just after 20:00. The team hired to extract him from Tokyo had noticed that Japanese security did"
},
{
"title": "Carlos Ghosn",
"text": " not follow Ghosn into hotels, which facilitated his escape. A few hours later, two men left the hotel carrying large containers, including an audio equipment box where Ghosn was hidden. The men then boarded a Bombardier Global Express private jet with Turkish registration TC-TSR. The large box carrying Ghosn was never x-rayed or checked by customs officials, because it was too big to fit inside the x-ray machine; the plane left Kansai Airport at 23:10, landing at Istanbul Atatürk Airport at 5:26 on the morning of 30 December 2019. Within an hour of the plane's landing, a separate private jet left for Beirut. An employee at Turkish private jet operator MNG Jet admitted to falsifying passenger records, in which two separate planes were leased, one from Dubai to Osaka and then Osaka to Istanbul, while the other from Istanbul to Beirut. The Ambassador of Lebanon to Japan Nidal Yehya denied the involvement of the Embassy of Lebanon in Ghosn's escape, but \"always stressed to him that he must abide by all the conditions of his release, as decided by the Criminal Court in Tokyo\".</s><s>Arrest in Tokyo, subsequent Nissan investigation and escape to Lebanon.:Residence in Lebanon"
},
{
"title": "Carlos Ghosn",
"text": ". Following Ghosn's arrival in Lebanon, a Tokyo court granted a request by Japanese prosecutors to revoke his bail. While Japan and Lebanon are both members of Interpol and have had diplomatic relations since 1954, there is no extradition agreement between the two countries. Interpol has issued a red notice for his arrest. Japanese authorities raided Ghosn's Tokyo apartment on 2 January looking for evidence. Ghosn later addressed reports that his family, including his wife Carole, may have played a role in his departure from Japan, stating that \"such speculation is inaccurate and false.\" On 7 January, prosecutors in Japan issued an arrest warrant for Carole Ghosn on suspicion of giving false testimony during a court hearing in April 2019. Carlos Ghosn held his first press conference since leaving Japan on 8 January 2020, in which he described his imprisonment conditions, pleaded innocence and named Nissan executives who plotted his demise. He claimed that when he left Japan, \"I fled injustice and political persecution.\" The next day, Judge Ghassan Ouiedat, a Lebanese prosecutor, imposed a travel ban on Ghosn. After his escape from Japan, Carlos Ghosn's Japanese lawyer and seven other members of his defense resigned. His lawyer, Junichiro Hironaka,"
},
{
"title": "Carlos Ghosn",
"text": " said his escape was a \"complete surprise\". On 10 February 2020, Ghosn hired former Disney president Michael Ovitz, co-founder of the Creative Artists Agency, as his Hollywood agent. On 12 February 2020, Nissan launched a $90 million lawsuit against Ghosn for alleged “corrupt” actions, and on 29 February 2020, Japan's financial regulators fined Nissan 2.42 billion yen ($22 million) for underreporting remuneration of former Chairman Ghosn and other executives for years. On 8 July 2020, \"The Nikkei\" reported that $862,500 was paid from a Paris bank account related to Ghosn to Promote Fox, a company managed by Michael Taylor, an ex-Green Beret who helped him flee to Lebanon. Ghosn's house in Lebanon sustained damage following the August 2020 Beirut explosion, which occurred 5 kilometers (3 miles) away from the residence. On 3 November 2020, Lebanon's prosecutor general decided not to charge Ghosn for visiting Israel in 2008 because the statute of limitations had expired. Previously, some Lebanese lawyers wanted Ghosn prosecuted over his 2008 trip to Israel as the chairman of Renault-Nissan to meet Better Place founder Shai Agassi, which they claim violated the"
},
{
"title": "Carlos Ghosn",
"text": " Arab League boycott of Israel. In November 2020 the United Nations human rights group said that the Japanese government should give Ghosn \"compensation\" and \"other reparations\" due to the arrest and detention conditions in November 2018. In November 2020, a United Nations working group on arbitrary detention concluded that Ghosn's arrest and detention in Japan was \"fundamentally unfair\". }} Despite the fact that the Nelson Mandela Rules set a 15-day limit on how long prisoners can be kept in isolation, Kelly was held in solitary confinement for 37 days before he was granted bail, and Ghosn for 108 days. The Taylors were in solitary confinement for more than 100 days each. “The Carlos Ghosn case, including Greg Kelly and the Taylors, is an aberration,” said William Cleary, an expert on Japanese law with a doctorate in criminal procedure. }} In December 2020, it was reported that French investigators would meet with Ghosn in January 2021 as part of a separate investigation of expenses covered by a Dutch subsidiary of Renault and Nissan. Ghosn is under two investigations in France, one that is focused on suspicious transactions between Renault and a distributor in Oman, as well as another investigation into alleged illegal payments for private"
},
{
"title": "Carlos Ghosn",
"text": " trips and events paid by Renault-Nissan's Netherlands-based holding company, RNBV. In a January 2021 interview, Ghosn questioned why France was questioning him over the charges, while Japan did not, and denied the charges.</s><s>Arrest in Tokyo, subsequent Nissan investigation and escape to Lebanon.:Prosecution and conviction of facilitators of his escape from Japan. Arrest warrants issued by Japanese prosecutors on 30 January 2020 claimed that the escape operation was orchestrated by former United States Army Special Forces soldier Michael Taylor, a private-security contractor with extensive contacts in Lebanon. The warrants also claimed that Michael was assisted by his son Peter Maxwell Taylor and a third American, George Antoine Zayek. Michael Taylor had conducted similar international rescue operations in the past. On 8 May, Turkey charged seven people accused of helping Ghosn flee to Lebanon via Istanbul. On 20 May, United States authorities arrested Michael and Peter Taylor on suspicion of helping Ghosn escape. On 30 October 2020, the US agreed to extradite the Taylors to Japan. In June 2021, Michael Taylor and his son Peter, pleaded guilty in Tokyo to helping Ghosn escape from Japan in December 2019. The Taylors later expressed their regret and apologized to the Japanese. In addition"
},
{
"title": "Carlos Ghosn",
"text": ", it was revealed that Ghosn paid the Taylors more than $1 million for their services, in the form of bank transfers and bitcoin payments. In July 2021, the Taylors were convicted and sentenced in Japan for aiding Ghosn. Michael was sentenced to 2 years' imprisonment while his son received a 20 months' sentence.</s><s>Arrest in Tokyo, subsequent Nissan investigation and escape to Lebanon.:Further prosecutions. In April 2022, France issued an international warrant for Ghosn's arrest, in addition to four other individuals who administrated the Omani company Suhail Bahwan Automobiles, in which the latter had allegedly helped Ghosn to funnel millions of dollars of Renault funds through them for his personal use, including the purchase of a 120-foot yacht. Ghosn said the timing of this warrant was \"suspicious\" and later mentioned that he wanted to stand trial on charges of financial wrongdoing to clear his name.</s><s>Personal life. Ghosn's first marriage was to Rita Kordahi, who came originally from Rayfoun, Lebanon, and whom he met in France in 1984. Together they had four children: Caroline, Nadine, Maya and Anthony. They divorced in 2012. In May 2016, Ghos"
},
{
"title": "Carlos Ghosn",
"text": "n married Lebanese-American Carole Nahas and, a few months later in October, threw a large party at the Grand Trianon of the Palace of Versailles, in the outskirts of Paris, to celebrate both the wedding and Carole's 50th birthday. He is reported by several Japanese media to have six private residences: in Tokyo, Paris, Rio de Janeiro, Amsterdam, Beirut and New York. Ghosn, whom \"Forbes\" magazine called \"the hardest-working man in the brutally competitive global car business\", as of 2006 was splitting his time between Paris and Tokyo and logging roughly 150,000 miles (241 400 km) in airplanes per year. Japanese media called him \"Seven-Eleven\" (\"work very hard from early in the morning till late at night\"). He holds citizenship to Brazil and France. He has been noted for his direct, results-and-execution-oriented style in business strategy meetings, and for his interest in resolving problems from within a company by listening to workers and by cross-functional and cross-cultural team groupings. Ghosn is multilingual, speaking four languages fluently – Arabic, English, French, and Portuguese – and he has also studied Japanese. He is a partner"
},
{
"title": "Carlos Ghosn",
"text": " in Ixsir, a winery in the northern coastal town of Batroun, Lebanon. In 2012, he was named to the Honorary Board of the American Foundation of Saint George Hospital in Beirut. In 2020, he became a coach to business leaders at USEK. Ghosn was hailed as a potential presidential candidate in Lebanon in 2007. In a June 2011 survey by life-insurance company Axa, Ghosn was ranked No. 7 in a random poll asking Japanese people, \"Which celebrity do you want to run Japan?\" (Barack Obama was No. 9, and Prime Minister Naoto Kan was No. 19.) He has so far declined such overtures, saying he has \"no political ambitions\". Ghosn's lawyers have stated he has chronic kidney disease which they claim was worsened by his lack of access to proper treatment while imprisoned.</s><s>Personal life.:In the media. Beginning in November 2001, Ghosn's life story was turned into a superhero comic book series in Japan, titled \"The True Story of Carlos Ghosn\", in the manga comic book \"Big Comic Superior\". The series was published as a book in 2002. His face has been reproduced both in Lebanese postage stamps and in bento boxes in Japanese restaurants"
},
{
"title": "Carlos Ghosn",
"text": ". Ghosn is the subject of a number of books in English, Japanese, and French. In English, he wrote a bestselling business book called \"Shift: Inside Nissan's Historic Revival\". He was the subject of another business book called \"Turnaround: How Carlos Ghosn Rescued Nissan\" by David Magee. He also provided strategic business commentary and on-the-job lessons to aspiring managers in a book called \"The Ghosn Factor: 24 Inspiring Lessons From Carlos Ghosn, the Most Successful Transnational CEO\" by Miguel Rivas-Micoud. Netflix in 2022 released a documentary titled \"Fugitive: The Curious Case of Carlos Ghosn\", which chronicles Ghosn's rise, as well as the internal rivalries and tensions he sparked within Nissan-Renault, and his dramatic arrest.</s><s>Awards and recognition. As a result of his achievements, Ghosn has had numerous awards and honors bestowed upon him. Some of these include: - In 2001, he topped \"TIME\" magazine's list of Global Influentials, beating Bill Gates and several other globally renowned businessmen. - In 2001, he was named Father of the Year by a Japanese community group. - In 2002, he was appointed a"
},
{
"title": "Carlos Ghosn",
"text": " Chevalier of the Legion of Honour (\"Knight of the Legion of Honour\") by the French government. - In 2002 \"Fortune\" awarded him Asia Businessman of the Year. - In 2003, he was named Man of the Year by \"Fortune\" magazine's Asian edition. - In 2003 \"Fortune\" listed him as one of the 10 most powerful business leaders outside the U.S. - In 2004, he became the first foreign business leader to receive the prestigious Blue Ribbon Medal from Emperor Akihito of Japan. - In 2004, he was added to the Automotive Hall of Fame. - In 2004, he was also added to the Japan Automotive Hall of Fame. - In 2006, Ghosn was made an Honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire. - In 2010, \"CEO Quarterly\" magazine listed Ghosn as one of the \"Most Respected CEOs\". - In 2010, He was appointed as the jury member of the Takreem Award Committee between 2010 and 2018. - In 2011, CNBC listed Ghosn as Asia Business Leader of the Year. - In 2012, Ghosn was awarded the Grand Cordon of the Order of Ouissam Alaouite, an honorific designation to civilians in"
},
{
"title": "Carlos Ghosn",
"text": " recognition of services that benefit Morocco. - In 2012, Ghosn received the Japan Society Award. - In 2012, Ghosn became the first person in the auto industry, and the fourth overall, to win a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Strategic Management Society, a non-profit group that promotes ethical and strategic business stewardship. - In 2012, Ghosn was awarded the Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic, an honorific designation to civilians in recognition of services that benefit Spain. - In 2013, he was appointed an International Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering. - In 2017, Lebanon's national post office, LibanPost, unveiled a collectable stamp honoring Carlos Ghosn.</s><s>Bibliography.</s><s>Bibliography.:Books. - - - - - -</s><s>Bibliography.:Articles. -</s><s>Further reading. - Japanese version: \"カルロス・ゴーン もたらした光と影\".</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Carlos Ghosn",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Latin America/Africa"
}
|
factscore-000369
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Lupe Vélez.
|
[
{
"title": "Lupe Vélez",
"text": "<s>Lupe Vélez María Guadalupe Villalobos Vélez (July 18, 1908 – December 13, 1944), known professionally as Lupe Vélez, was a Mexican actress, singer and dancer during the Golden Age of Hollywood cinema. Vélez began her career as a performer in Mexican vaudeville in the early 1920s. After moving to the United States, she made her first film appearance in a short in 1927. By the end of the decade, she was acting in full-length silent films and had progressed to leading roles in \"The Gaucho\" (1927), \"Lady of the Pavements\" (1928) and \"Wolf Song\" (1929), among others. Vélez made the transition to sound films without difficulty. She was one of the first successful Latin-American actresses in Hollywood. During the 1930s, her explosive screen persona was exploited in successful comedic films like \"Hot Pepper\" (1933), \"Strictly Dynamite\" (1934) and \"Hollywood Party\" (1934). In the 1940s, Vélez's popularity peaked while appearing as Carmelita Fuentes in eight \"Mexican Spitfire\" films, a series created to capitalize on"
},
{
"title": "Lupe Vélez",
"text": " her fiery personality. Nicknamed \"The Mexican Spitfire\" by the media, Vélez's personal life was as colorful as her screen persona. She had several highly publicized romances with Hollywood actors and a stormy marriage with Johnny Weissmuller. Vélez died at age 36 in December 1944 of an intentional overdose of the barbiturate drug Seconal. Her death and the circumstances surrounding it were the subject of speculation and controversy.</s><s>Life and career.</s><s>Life and career.:Childhood and education. Vélez was born in the city of San Luis Potosí in Mexico, the daughter of Jacobo Villalobos Reyes, a colonel in the armed forces of the dictator Porfirio Diaz, and his wife Josefina Vélez, an opera singer according to some sources, or vaudeville singer according to others. She was one of five children; she had three sisters: Mercedes, Reina and Josefina and a brother, Emigdio. The Villalobos were considered a prominent, financially comfortable family in San Luis Potosí. According to Vélez's second cousin, they lived in a large home, and most of the male members received a college education. At the age of"
},
{
"title": "Lupe Vélez",
"text": " 13, her parents sent her to study at Our Lady of the Lake (now Our Lady of the Lake University) in San Antonio, Texas, where Vélez learned to speak English and dance. She later admitted that she liked dance class, but was otherwise a poor student.</s><s>Life and career.:Beginnings in Mexico and arrival to the United States (1924–26). Vélez began her career in Mexican revues in the early 1920s. She initially performed under her paternal surname (see Hispanic American naming customs) of Villalobos, but after her father returned home from the war (he did not die in combat as some sources state), he was outraged that his daughter had decided to become a stage performer. She chose her maternal surname Vélez as her stage name. Their mother introduced Vélez and her sister Josefina to the popular Spanish Mexican vedette María Conesa, \"La Gatita Blanca\". Vélez debuted in a show led by Conesa, where she sang \"Oh Charley, My Boy\" and danced the shimmy. In 1924, Aurelio Campos, a young pianist and friend of the Vélez sisters, recommended Vélez to stage producers Carlos Ortega"
},
{
"title": "Lupe Vélez",
"text": " and Manuel Castro. Ortega and Castro were preparing a season revue at the Regis Theatre, and hired Vélez to join the company in March 1925. Later that year, Vélez starred in the revues \"Mexican Rataplan\" and \"¡No lo tapes!\" (both parodies of the Bataclan's shows in Paris). Her suggestive singing and provocative dancing was a hit with audiences, and she soon established herself as one of the main stars of vaudeville in Mexico. After a year and a half, Vélez left the revue after the manager refused to give her a raise. She then joined the \"Teatro Principal\", but was fired after three months due to her \"feisty attitude\". Vélez was quickly hired by the \"Teatro Lirico\", where her salary rose to 100 pesos a day. Vélez, whose volatile and spirited personality and feuds with other performers were often covered by the Mexican press, also honed her ability for garnering publicity. Her most bitter rivals included the Mexican vedettes Celia Padilla, Celia Montalván, and Delia Magaña. Called \"La Niña Lupe\" because of her youth"
},
{
"title": "Lupe Vélez",
"text": ", Vélez soon established herself as one of the main stars of vaudeville in Mexico. Among her admirers were notable Mexican poets and writers like José Gorostiza and Renato Leduc. In 1926, Frank A. Woodyard, an American who had seen Vélez perform, recommended her to stage director Richard Bennett (the father of actresses Joan and Constance Bennett). Bennett was looking for an actress to portray a Mexican cantina singer in his upcoming play \"The Dove\". He sent Vélez a telegram inviting her to Los Angeles to appear in the play. Vélez had been planning to go to Cuba to perform, but quickly changed her plans and traveled to Los Angeles. However, upon arrival, she discovered that she had been replaced by another actress. While in Los Angeles, she met the comedian Fanny Brice. Brice was taken with Vélez and later said she had never met a more fascinating personality. She promoted Vélez's career as a dancer and recommended her to Flo Ziegfeld, who hired her to perform in New York City. While Vélez was preparing to leave Los Angeles, she received a call from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer producer Harry Rapf, who offered her a screen test"
},
{
"title": "Lupe Vélez",
"text": ". Producer and director Hal Roach saw Vélez's screen test and hired her for a small role in the comic Laurel and Hardy short \"Sailors, Beware!\".</s><s>Life and career.:Breakthrough and success (1927–38). After her debut in the short film \"Sailors, Beware!\", Vélez appeared in the Hal Roach short, \"What Women Did for Me\", opposite Charley Chase. Later that year, she did a screen test for the upcoming Douglas Fairbanks full-length film \"The Gaucho\". Fairbanks was impressed by Vélez and he quickly signed her to a contract. Upon its release in 1927, \"The Gaucho\" was a hit and critics were duly impressed with Vélez's ability to hold her own alongside Fairbanks, who was well known for his spirited acting and impressive stunts. Vélez made her second major film, \"Stand and Deliver\" (1928), directed by Cecil B. DeMille. That same year, she was named one of the WAMPAS Baby Stars. In 1929, Vélez appeared in \"Lady of the Pavements\", directed by D. W. Griffith and \"Where East Is East\", playing a young Chinese woman. In the Western"
},
{
"title": "Lupe Vélez",
"text": " film \"Wolf Song\", directed by Victor Fleming, she appears alongside Gary Cooper. As she was regularly cast as \"exotic\" or \"ethnic\" women that were volatile and hot tempered, gossip columnists took to referring to Vélez as \"Mexican Hurricane\", \"The Mexican Wildcat\", \"The Mexican Madcap\", \"Whoopee Lupe\" and \"The Hot Tamale\". By 1929, the film industry was transitioning from silents to sound films. Several stars of the era saw their careers abruptly end due to heavy accents or voices that recorded poorly. Studio executives predicted that Vélez's accent would probably hamper her ability to make the transition. That idea was dispelled after she appeared in her first all-talking picture in 1929, the Rin Tin Tin vehicle, \"Tiger Rose\". The film was a hit and Vélez's sound career was established. With the arrival of talkies, Vélez appeared in a series of Pre-Code films like \"Hell Harbor\" (directed by Henry King), \"The Storm\" (1930, directed by William Wyler), and the crime drama \"East Is West\" opposite Edward G. Robinson (1930). In 1931, she appeared in her second film for Cecil B. DeM"
},
{
"title": "Lupe Vélez",
"text": "ille, \"Squaw Man\", opposite Warner Baxter, and in \"Resurrection\", directed by Edwin Carewe. In 1932, Vélez filmed \"The Cuban Love Song\" (1931), with the popular singer Lawrence Tibbett. That same year, she had a supporting role in \"Kongo\" (a sound remake of \"West of Zanzibar\"), with Walter Huston. She also starred in Spanish-language versions of some of her movies produced by Universal Studios like \"Resurrección\" (1931, the Spanish version of \"Resurrection\"), and \"Hombres en mi vida\" (1932, the Spanish version of \"Men in Her Life\"). Vélez soon found her niche in comedy, playing beautiful, but volatile, characters. In February 1932, Vélez took a break from her film career and traveled to New York City where she was signed by Broadway impresario Florenz Ziegfeld, Jr. to take over the role of \"Conchita\" in the musical revue \"Hot-Cha!\". The show also starred Bert Lahr, Eleanor Powell and Buddy Rogers. In 1933, Vélez appeared in the films \"The Half-Naked Truth\" with Lee Tracy and \"Hot"
},
{
"title": "Lupe Vélez",
"text": " Pepper\", with Victor McLaglen and Edmund Lowe. Later that year, she returned to Broadway where she starred opposite Jimmy Durante in the musical revue \"Strike Me Pink\". In 1934, she filmed \"Palooka\" and \"Strictly Dynamite\" (both also with Durante). That same year, Vélez was cast as \"Slim Girl\" in \"Laughing Boy\" with Ramón Novarro. The film was quietly released and largely ignored. The few reviews it received panned the film, but praised Vélez's performance. She had more success with her brief appearance in the all-comedy-cast film \"Hollywood Party\", where she has a magnificent egg-breaking routine with Laurel and Hardy. Although Vélez was a popular actress, MGM Studios did not renew her contract in 1934. Over the next few years, Vélez worked for various studios as a freelance actress; she also spent two years in England where she filmed \"The Morals of Marcus\" and \"Gypsy Melody\" (both 1936). She returned to Los Angeles the following year where she appeared in the final part of the Wheeler & Woolsey comedy \"High Flyers\" (1937). Vélez last Broadway performance was in the 1938"
},
{
"title": "Lupe Vélez",
"text": " musical \"You Never Know\", by Cole Porter. The show received poor reviews from critics, but received a large amount of publicity due to the feud between Vélez and fellow cast member Libby Holman. Holman was also irritated by the attention Vélez garnered from the show with her impressions of several actresses including Gloria Swanson, Katharine Hepburn and Shirley Temple. The feud came to a head during a performance in New Haven, Connecticut after Vélez punched Holman between curtain calls and gave her a black eye. The feud effectively ended the show. Upon her return to Mexico City in 1938 to star in her first Mexican film, Vélez was greeted by ten thousand fans. The film \"La Zandunga\" directed by Fernando de Fuentes, co-starring Mexican actor Arturo de Córdova, was a critical and financial success and Vélez was slated to appear in four more Mexican films. She instead returned to Los Angeles and went back to work for RKO.</s><s>Life and career.:Continued success and final roles (1939–44). In 1939, Vélez was cast opposite Leon Errol and Donald Woods in a B-comedy, \"The Girl from Mexico\". Despite being a B film"
},
{
"title": "Lupe Vélez",
"text": ", it was a hit with audiences and RKO re-teamed her with Errol and Woods for a sequel, \"Mexican Spitfire\". That film was also a success and led to a series of \"Spitfire\" films (eight in all). In the series, Vélez portrays \"Carmelita Lindsay\", a temperamental yet friendly Mexican singer married to Dennis \"Denny\" Lindsay (Woods), an elegant American gentleman. The \"Spitfire\" films rejuvenated Vélez's career. Moreover, they were films in which a Latina headlined for eight movies straight –a true rarity. In addition to the \"Spitfire\" series, she was cast in other musical and comedy features for RKO, Universal Pictures, and Columbia Pictures. Some of these films were \"Six Lessons from Madame La Zonga\" (with Leon Errol, 1941), \"Playmates\" (opposite John Barrymore, 1941), and \"Redhead from Manhattan\" (1943). The latter film has Vélez playing the dual role of a Broadway star and her visiting twin sister, and offers the viewer a rare chance to hear Lupe Vélez's actual speaking voice. She plays the visiting sister with her customary, exaggerated Mexican accent"
},
{
"title": "Lupe Vélez",
"text": ", but plays the actress with her own, gently inflected voice, betraying only a trace of an accent. In 1943, the final film in the \"Spitfire\" series, \"Mexican Spitfire's Blessed Event\", was released. By that time, the mistaken-identity scripts and situations had been repeating themselves, and the novelty of the series had begun to wane, but Vélez's energy and Errol's clowning never flagged. Vélez co-starred with Eddie Albert in a 1943 romantic comedy, \"Ladies' Day\", about an actress and a baseball player. In 1944, Vélez returned to Mexico to star in an adaptation of Émile Zola's novel \"Nana\", which was well received. It would be her final film. After filming wrapped, Vélez returned to Los Angeles and began preparing for another stage role in New York.</s><s>Death. On the evening of December 13, 1944, Vélez dined with her two friends, the silent-film star Estelle Taylor and Venita Oakie. Vélez retired to her bedroom, where she consumed 75 Seconal pills and a glass of brandy. Her secretary, Beulah Kinder, said that she found the actress"
},
{
"title": "Lupe Vélez",
"text": "'s body on her bed later that morning. A suicide note addressed to Harald Ramond was found nearby. It read: To Harald, May God forgive you and forgive me too, but I prefer to take my life away and our baby's before I bring him with shame or killing him. – Lupe. On the back of the note, Vélez wrote: How could you, Harald, fake such a great love for me and our baby when all the time, you didn't want us? I see no other way out for me, so goodbye, and good luck to you, Love Lupe. The day after Vélez's death, Harald Ramond told the press that he was \"so confused\" by Vélez's suicide, and claimed that even though the two had broken up, he had agreed to marry Vélez. He admitted that he once asked Vélez to sign an agreement stating that he was only marrying her to \"give the baby a name\", but claimed he only did so because he and Vélez had had a fight, and he was in a \"terrible temper\". Actress Estelle Taylor, who was with Vélez from 9:00 the previous night until 3:30 the morning V"
},
{
"title": "Lupe Vélez",
"text": "élez died, told the press that Vélez had told her of her pregnancy, but said she would rather kill herself than have an abortion. Beulah Kinder, Vélez's secretary, later told investigators that after Vélez broke off the relationship with Ramond, she planned to go to Mexico to have her baby. Kinder said Vélez soon changed her mind after concluding that Ramond \"faked\" the relationship and considered having an abortion. The day after Vélez's death, the Los Angeles County coroner requested that an inquest be opened to investigate the circumstances surrounding her death. On December 16, the coroner dropped the request, after determining that Vélez had written the notes, and that she had intended to kill herself. On December 22, a funeral for Vélez was held at the mortuary at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Los Angeles. Among the pallbearers were Vélez's ex-husband, Johnny Weissmuller, and actor Gilbert Roland. After the service, Vélez's body was sent by train to Mexico City, where a second service was held on December 27. Her body was then interred at Panteón Civil de Dolores Cemetery.</s><s>Death.:Alternative theories and urban legend. Despite"
},
{
"title": "Lupe Vélez",
"text": " the coroner's ruling that Vélez committed suicide to avoid the shame of bearing an illegitimate child, some authors have speculated that this was not entirely true. In the book \"From Bananas to Buttocks: The Latina Body in Popular Film and Culture\", Rosa-Linda Fregoso wrote that Vélez was known for her defiance of contemporary moral convention, and that it seems unlikely that she could not have reconciled having a child out of wedlock. Fregoso believes that in the final year of her life, Vélez exhibited signs of extreme mania and depression. Fregoso goes on to speculate that Vélez's death may have been the result of an untreated mental illness such as bipolar disorder. Robert Slatzer (who later claimed to have been secretly married to Marilyn Monroe) claimed that a few weeks before Vélez's death, he interviewed her at her home and she confided in him that she was pregnant with Gary Cooper's child (by that time, Cooper was married to socialite Veronica \"Rocky\" Balfe). According to Slatzer, Vélez said that Cooper refused to acknowledge the child, believing that Harald Ramond was the father. After Vélez died, Slatzer said he"
},
{
"title": "Lupe Vélez",
"text": " asked Cooper about the situation and Cooper confirmed that it was possible he might have been the father. Slatzer further claimed that he also interviewed Clara Bow (who had also dated Cooper in the 1920s), who revealed that shortly before Vélez's death, Cooper called her and screamed that he was going to kill Harald Ramond for impregnating Vélez. Slatzer claimed that Bow told him that she never believed Vélez's baby was fathered by Ramond, and that she was convinced that Vélez had attempted to get Ramond to marry her to protect Cooper's reputation. Biographer Michelle Vogel speculated that if Cooper was the father, his rejection of Vélez and their child coupled with the idea of having to raise a child alone may have sent Vélez \"over the edge\". In the 2002 book \"Tarzan, My Father\", Johnny Weissmuller Jr. recounted the events surrounding Vélez's death as a mystery caused by an attempt to \"put a lid\" on what happened. It states her housekeeper discovered her body and called Bo Roos, Vélez's business manager, who called his friend and Beverly Hills Police Chief Anderson to the scene. The book states after Vélez arranged to meet"
},
{
"title": "Lupe Vélez",
"text": " Ramond, decorated her room, and dressed in a negligee, her ingestion of Seconal was either to calm her nerves to meet him or a failed dramatic gesture to scare him. The book also suggested the baby was fathered possibly by Cooper, not Ramond. Vélez's death was recounted in the 1959 book \"Hollywood Babylon\" by Kenneth Anger, and has become urban legend. In his telling, Vélez planned to stage a beautiful suicide scene atop her satin bed, but the Seconal did not mix well with the \"Mexi-Spice Last Supper\" she had eaten earlier that evening. As a result, she became violently ill, stumbled to the bathroom to vomit, slipped on the bathroom floor tile, and fell head first into the toilet, where she subsequently drowned. Anger claimed that Vélez's \"chambermaid\" Juanita found her the next morning. Despite the fact that his version of events contradicts published reports and the official ruling, his story is often repeated as fact or for comedic effect – it was recounted in the pilot episode of the television comedy series \"Frasier\", “The Good Son”, (September 16, 1993), referred in an episode of the cartoon \"The Simpsons\" and mentioned in"
},
{
"title": "Lupe Vélez",
"text": " the song \"I Wanna O.D.\" by the Demolition Doll Rods. Vélez's biographer, Michelle Vogel, points out that it would have been \"virtually impossible\" for Vélez to have \"stumbled to the bathroom\" or even get off her bed after having consumed such a large amount of Seconal. Seconal, a barbiturate, is noted for being fast acting even in small doses, and Vélez's death was probably instantaneous. Her death certificate lists \"Seconal poisoning\" due to \"ingestion of Seconal\" as the cause of death, not drowning. Further, there was also no evidence to suggest Vélez had vomited.</s><s>Personal life.</s><s>Personal life.:Public image and personality. Throughout her career, Vélez's onscreen persona of a hot-tempered, lusty \"wild\" woman was closely tied to her off-screen personality. The press often referred to her by such names as \"The Mexican Spitfire\", \"The Mexican It girl\" and \"The Mexican Kitten\". Publicly promoted with the \"Whoopee Lupe\" persona that tried to define her, she dismissed the idea that she was uncontrollably wild. In an interview,"
},
{
"title": "Lupe Vélez",
"text": " she said: Vélez's off-screen behavior blurred the line between her onscreen persona and her real personality. After her death, journalist Bob Thomas recalled that Vélez was a \"lively part of the Hollywood scene\" who wore loud clothing and made as much noise as possible. She attended boxing matches every Friday night at the Hollywood Legion Stadium and would stand on her ringside seat and scream at the fighters. Vélez's temper and jealousy in her often tempestuous romantic relationships were well documented and became tabloid fodder, often overshadowing her career. Vélez was straightforward with the press and was regularly contacted by gossip columnists for stories about her romantic exploits. One such incident included Vélez chasing her lover Gary Cooper around with a knife during an argument and cutting him severely enough to require stitches. After their breakup, Vélez attempted to shoot Cooper while he boarded a train. During her marriage to actor Johnny Weissmuller, stories of their frequent physical fights were regularly reported in the press. Vélez reportedly inflicted scratches, bruises, and love-bites on Weissmuller during their fights and \"passionate love-making\". Vélez often targeted fellow actresses whom she deemed as rivals, professionally or otherwise, a habit"
},
{
"title": "Lupe Vélez",
"text": " which began back in her vaudeville days and continued in films. Vélez's image was that of a wild, highly sexualized woman who spoke her mind and was not considered a \"lady\", while fellow Mexican actress Dolores del Río projected herself as sensual, but elegant and restrained, often hailing from aristocratic roots. Vélez hated del Río, and called her \"bird of bad omen\". Del Río was terrified to meet her in public places. When this happened, Vélez was scathing and aggressive. Vélez openly mimicked del Río, ironically making fun of her elegance. Vélez also disliked Marlene Dietrich whom she suspected of having an affair with Gary Cooper while filming \"Morocco\" in 1930. Her rivalries with Jetta Goudal, Lilyan Tashman and Libby Holman were also well documented. In retaliation, Vélez would perform scathing impersonations of the women she disliked at Hollywood parties. Also notable are her imitations of figures such as Greta Garbo, Marlene Dietrich, Fanny Brice, Gloria Swanson, Katharine Hepburn, Simone Simon, and Shirley Temple.</s><s>Personal life.:Relationships and"
},
{
"title": "Lupe Vélez",
"text": " marriage. Vélez was involved in several highly publicized and often stormy relationships. Upon arriving in Los Angeles, she was linked to actors Tom Mix, Charlie Chaplin and Clark Gable. Her first long-term, high-profile relationship was with Gary Cooper. Vélez and Cooper met while filming 1929s \"Wolf Song\" and began a two-year relationship that was passionate and often stormy. When angered, Vélez was reported to have physically assaulted Cooper. Cooper eventually ended the relationship in mid-1931, at the behest of his mother Alice who after meeting her, strongly disapproved of Vélez. With plans to marry him gone, she spoke to the press in 1931: \"I turned Cooper down because his parents didn't want me to marry him and because the studio thought it would injure his career. Now its over, I'm glad I feel so free... I must be free. I know men too well they are all the same, no? If you love them they want to be boss. I will never have a boss.\" The rocky relationship had taken its toll on Cooper, who had lost 45 pounds and was suffering from nervous exhaustion. Paramount Pictures ordered him to take a vacation to recuperate and while he was boarding the"
},
{
"title": "Lupe Vélez",
"text": " train, Vélez showed up at the station and fired a pistol at him. After her breakup with Cooper, Vélez began a short-lived relationship with actor John Gilbert. They began dating in late 1931, while Gilbert was separated from his third wife Ina Claire. Rumors of an engagement were fueled by the couple, but Gilbert ended the relationship in early 1932, and attempted to reconcile with Claire. Shortly thereafter, Vélez met \"Tarzan\" actor Johnny Weissmuller while the two were in New York. They dated off and on when they returned to Los Angeles, while Vélez also dated actor Errol Flynn. On October 8, 1933, Vélez and Weissmuller were married in Las Vegas. There were reports of domestic violence and public fights. In July 1934, after ten months of marriage, Vélez filed for divorce citing \"cruelty\". She withdrew the petition a week later after reconciling with Weissmuller. On January 3, 1935, she filed for divorce a second time and was granted an interlocutory decree. That decree was dismissed when the couple reconciled a month later. In August 1938, Vélez filed for divorce for a third time, again charging Weissmuller with"
},
{
"title": "Lupe Vélez",
"text": " cruelty. Their divorce was finalized in August 1939. After the divorce became final, Vélez began dating polo player Guinn \"Big Boy\" Williams in late 1940. The couple were engaged, but never married. In late 1941, she became involved with author Erich Maria Remarque. Actress Luise Rainer recalled that Remarque told her \"with the greatest of glee\" that he found Vélez's volatility wonderful when he recounted to her an occasion where Vélez became so angry with him that she took her shoe off and hit him with it. After dating Remarque, Vélez was linked to boxers Jack Johnson and Jack Dempsey. In 1943, Vélez began an affair with her \"La Zandunga\" co-star Arturo de Córdova. De Córdova had recently moved to Los Angeles after signing with Paramount. Despite the fact that de Córdova was married to Mexican actress Enna Arana with whom he had four children, Vélez granted an interview to gossip columnist Louella Parsons in September 1943 and announced that the two were engaged. She told Parsons that she planned to retire after marrying de Córdova to \"cook ... and keep house\". Vé"
},
{
"title": "Lupe Vélez",
"text": "lez ended the engagement in early 1944, after de Córdova's wife refused to give him a divorce. Vélez then met and began dating a struggling young Austrian actor named Harald Maresch, whose stage name was Harald Ramond. In September 1944, she discovered she was pregnant with Ramond's child. She announced their engagement in late November 1944. On December 10, four days before her death, Vélez announced she had ended the engagement and kicked Ramond out of her home.</s><s>Legacy. For her contribution to the motion picture industry, Vélez has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, at 6927 Hollywood Boulevard. In 2017, artist Emilio Borjas's sculpture in honor of Vélez was placed in the Garden of San Sebastian, the neighborhood where the actress was born in San Luis Potosí, Mexico.</s><s>In popular culture.</s><s>In popular culture.:Books. - In Robert Stone's novel \"Children of Light\", a troubled actress refers to a suicide-by-drowning scene she has just acted out as \"Lupe Vélez takes a dunk\". - Richard Kadrey also mentions Vélez in the Sandman Slim novel Killing Pretty with reference to the diner,"
},
{
"title": "Lupe Vélez",
"text": " Lupe's in Elysian Park, named after her as the place where she had her last dinner.</s><s>In popular culture.:Music. - The group Il Palco della Musica on their 2012 album \"Tantipiccolipezzi\" has a song \"Lupe Vèlez\" (M. Tucci / S. Scotto).</s><s>In popular culture.:Films and television. - In 1949, the \"Los Angeles Daily News\" reported that the Puerto Rican dancer Marquita Rivera was chosen to star in a biographical film based on the life of the actress. However, due to the controversy over Vélez's suicide at that time, the film was never produced. The Cuban rumbera Amalia Aguilar was also in talks to star in a film about Vélez, but later decided not to work in Hollywood, and returned to Mexico. Latina actress Estelita Rodriguez, who had once played Spitfire-like ingenues for Republic Pictures, announced that she would star in a screen biography of Vélez, but the project died with Rodriguez in March 1966. - Andy Warhol's underground film, \"Lupe\" (1965), starring Edie Sedgwick as Vélez, is loosely based on"
},
{
"title": "Lupe Vélez",
"text": " the night of her suicide. The film features Sedgwick (in her last film role for Warhol) preparing a \"beautiful suicide\" only to end up drowning in the toilet bowl. - James Leer (Tobey Maguire), while listing Hollywood suicides, says that Lupe Vélez died from taking \"a lot of pills\" in the 2000 film \"Wonder Boys\". - In August 2009, the short film \"Forever Lupe\" premiered at the Seattle Latino Film Festival. Directed by Martín Caballero, the film is based on the life of Vélez and features Mexican actress Marieli Romo as Vélez. - In 2012, it was reported that Mexican director Carlos Carrera was preparing to film the life of Lupe Vélez in a Mexican-American production. Mexican actress Ana de la Reguera was chosen to play Vélez. - Vélez is played by the Cuban-Venezuelan actress María Conchita Alonso in the 2014 film \"Return to Babylon\". - In the pilot episode of the sitcom \"Frasier\", \"The Good Son\", Frasier Crane's producer, Roz Doyle, tries to improve Frasier's outlook on his life by telling him the story"
},
{
"title": "Lupe Vélez",
"text": " of Lupe Vélez, who she says \"decided to take one final stab at immortality\". Roz re-tells the urban legend version of Vélez's suicide, reminding Frasier that \"even though things might not happen like we planned, they can work out anyway\". When Frasier asks \"how it worked out for Lupe\", Roz tells him that \"all she wanted was to be remembered. Will you ever forget that story?\" Later in the episode, Frasier asks a caller to his radio show: \"Have you ever heard of the story of Lupe Vélez?\" - In the 1997 \"The Simpsons\" episode \"Homer's Phobia\", guest star John Waters takes the Simpson family, sans Homer, on a driving tour of Springfield's shopping district. During the tour, he points out a store where he claims Vélez bought the toilet she drowned in.</s><s>References. Bibliography - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Lupe Vélez",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Latin America/Africa"
}
|
factscore-000370
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Cédric Bakambu.
|
[
{
"title": "Cédric Bakambu",
"text": "<s>Cédric Bakambu Cédric Bakambu (born 11 April 1991) is a professional footballer who plays as a forward for Super League Greece club Olympiacos and the DR Congo national team. He made his professional debut for Sochaux in 2010, and played 107 official games for them over five seasons, scoring 21 goals. He then moved to Bursaspor for €1.8 million, finishing as top scorer as his team came runners-up in the Turkish Cup, before signing for Villarreal a year later. Born in France, he represented them internationally at youth level up to the under-20s, scoring eight goals in 38 games and winning the 2010 UEFA European Championship for the under-19s. In 2015, he made his senior debut for the DR Congo national team.</s><s>Club career.</s><s>Club career.:Sochaux. Born in Vitry-sur-Seine, Val-de-Marne, Bakambu began his career at local Ivry at the age of 10 before transferring to Sochaux four years later. On 1 May 2010, Bakambu played in the 2010 Coupe Gambardella Final and scored a goal for his team at the Stade de France. So"
},
{
"title": "Cédric Bakambu",
"text": "chaux, however, lost the match 4–3 on penalties. He had previously scored a double in the team's 4–3 aggregate semi-final victory over Metz. Bakambu made his professional debut on 7 August 2010 in Sochaux's opening match of the Ligue 1 season against Arles-Avignon, appearing as an 83rd-minute substitute for Modibo Maïga in a 2–1 win at the Stade Auguste Bonal. The following month, he signed his first professional contract agreeing to a three-year deal with the club until June 2013. On 17 September 2011, Bakambu scored his first professional goal, the first equaliser in a 2–2 draw at Lille OSC, eleven minutes after replacing Carlāo. A year and nine days later, as a 66th-minute replacement for King Osanga, he scored twice in a 3–2 extra-time home win over Evian in the third round of the Coupe de la Ligue. Bakambu scored seven goals in 31 appearances over the 2013–14 Ligue 1 season, in which Sochaux were relegated; this included two on 21 December in a 2–1 home win over Rennes. Across the campaign, he"
},
{
"title": "Cédric Bakambu",
"text": " was placed on the right wing by manager Hervé Renard until he would become sufficiently mentally mature for a centre-forward role. On 23 March, he was sent off for handball in a 2–1 loss at Saint-Étienne.</s><s>Club career.:Bursaspor. On 1 September 2014, Bakambu left France for the first time, moving on a four-year transfer to Turkey's Bursaspor for a fee of €1.8 million and an annual salary of €800,000. He made his debut in the Süper Lig twelve days later, replacing Ozan İpek in the 55th minute of a 2–1 win at Gençlerbirliği. His first goals for the \"Green Crocodiles\" came on 19 October, in either half of a 2–2 draw against Eskişehirspor at the Bursa Atatürk Stadium, and six days later he scored a first professional hat-trick in a 5–0 win at Balıkesirspor. He finished his only league season in Bursa with 13 goals in 27 games. In the season's domestic cup, Bakambu was the top scorer with eight goals in"
},
{
"title": "Cédric Bakambu",
"text": " 12 games as his team reached the final before a 3–2 home loss to Galatasaray. This tally included trebles in a 5–0 win at Mersin İdmanyurdu on 27 January and a 3–0 victory over Fatih Karagümrük nine days later, both in the group stage. As Galatasaray won the double, Bursaspor faced them in the 2015 Turkish Super Cup on 8 August, with Bakambu playing the whole of the 1–0 loss.</s><s>Club career.:Villarreal. On 19 August 2015, Spanish side Villarreal announced the signing of Bakambu on a five-year contract. He made his La Liga debut four days later, replacing Léo Baptistão in the 61st minute of a 1–1 draw at Real Betis in the first game of the season; on the 28th he came on for the same player and scored two goals in the closing minutes of the fixture against Espanyol at Estadio El Madrigal, to secure a 3–1 victory for the \"Yellow Submarine\". Bakambu played his first game in European competition on 17 September, again as a substitute in a 2–1 loss at Rapid"
},
{
"title": "Cédric Bakambu",
"text": " Wien in the group stage of the season's UEFA Europa League. On 22 October, he scored his first goals in the tournament, a first-half double in a 4–0 home win over Dinamo Minsk; he added another two the following 10 March against Bayer Leverkusen in the first leg of the last 16 (2–0 win, same aggregate). In the quarter-finals, he scored twice in each leg of a 6–3 aggregate win over Sparta Prague. He was one of four strikers named in the competition's Squad of the Season, and his 9 goals put him only one behind the top scorer, Athletic Bilbao's Aritz Aduriz. On 1 October 2017, Bakambu scored a hat-trick in a 3–0 home win over Eibar. He then scored two goals in a 2–1 win at Girona and another in a 4–0 win over Las Palmas to be named La Liga Player of the Month, the first African to win the award. In early January 2018, Villarreal manager Javier Calleja said that Bakambu was going through a transfer to Beijing Sinobo Guoan of the Chinese Super League. On 17 January 2018, Bakambu rescinded his"
},
{
"title": "Cédric Bakambu",
"text": " contract with Villarreal. Two weeks later, however, Beijing Guoan still had not announced the signing of Bakambu who had already played and scored for the club. It was reported that Beijing Guoan were trying to avoid paying a 100 percent tax placed on incoming transfers worth over 45 million yuan (US$7 million) by the Chinese Football Association. The transfer went through in time for the start of the Chinese season with the full fees being paid.</s><s>Club career.:Beijing Guoan. On 28 February 2018, the final day of the Chinese transfer window, Bakambu's protracted transfer from Villarreal to Beijing Sinobo Guoan was finally confirmed with the club paid his €40million release clause, but Beijing did not announce the Congolese forward's signing amid confusion over whether they had to pay a 100 per cent levy on the transfer. He scored his first goal in China in his second game, in a 2–1 win over Jiangsu Suning. He won the Chinese FA Cup in his first season.</s><s>Club career.:Marseille. On 13 January 2022, Bakambu signed for French club Marseille on a contract until 30 June 2024. He scored in his first appearance for the club, after coming on as a"
},
{
"title": "Cédric Bakambu",
"text": " substitute in a 2-0 win over Lens.</s><s>Club career.:Olympiacos. On 16 September 2022, Bakambu signed for Greek club Olympiacos on a contract until 30 June 2025.</s><s>International career. Bakambu was a French youth international and has represented the country at both under-18 and under-19 level. He was a part of the team that won the 2010 UEFA European Under-19 Championship on home soil. On 18 July, he scored twice in a 4–1 opening win over the Netherlands in Caen, and the 2–1 winner against Croatia in the semi-finals nine days later, also at the Stade Michel d'Ornano. He was also part of the team that came fourth at the 2011 FIFA U-20 World Cup in Colombia, opening a 2–0 win over Mali in the last group game in Cali. In March 2015, he opted to represent DR Congo at senior level. On arrival in Kinshasa he was greeted by fans with banners of him, later reflecting \"I hadn't even played a match yet they made banners for me. It's really something else. It was through football that I discovered my country.\" He was first called up in June ahead of a"
},
{
"title": "Cédric Bakambu",
"text": " friendly against Cameroon on the 9th, and started that match, a 1–1 draw at the Stade Charles Tondreau in Mons, Belgium. On 26 March the following year, Bakambu scored his first international goal, opening a 2–1 win over Angola at the Stade des Martyrs with a penalty, in qualification for the 2017 Africa Cup of Nations. He added two more on 5 June, in a 6–1 win away to Madagascar. He was chosen in Florent Ibengé's squad for the final tournament in Gabon, and started in the opening group match, a 1–0 win over Morocco at the Stade d'Oyem. He then did not play again until a seven-minute run in the quarter-finals where the Congolese lost 2–1 to Ghana. On 24 March 2019, Bakambu returned to action for DR Congo after missing previous qualifiers vs. rivals Congo to injury. He started and scored the winner in a 1–0 victory against Liberia. This secured The Leopards' qualification to the 2019 Africa Cup of Nations, at the expense of their opponents. On 1 April 2022, following DR Congo's elimination from 2022 FIFA World Cup qualification at the hands of Morocco, Bakambu announced"
},
{
"title": "Cédric Bakambu",
"text": " his retirement from the national team.</s><s>Personal life. Born in France to parents from the DR Congo, Bakambu said \"I grew up with both cultures and I am very proud of that. I think it's something that enriches you.\" Bakambu and international teammate Dieumerci Mbokani were at Brussels Airport when it was struck by terror attacks in March 2016; both escaped unharmed.</s><s>Career statistics.</s><s>Career statistics.:Club.</s><s>Career statistics.:International.</s><s>Honours. Bursaspor - Turkish Cup runner-up: 2014–15 Beijing Guoan - Chinese FA Cup: 2018 International France U19 - UEFA European Under-19 Championship: 2010</s><s>Honours.:Individual. - UEFA European Under-19 Championship Team of the Tournament: 2010 - Turkish Cup Top goalscorer: 2014–15 - Facebook FA La Liga Best Breakthrough: 2016 - Villarreal's Rookie of the Year: 2015–16 - UEFA Europa League Squad of the Season: 2015–16 - La Liga Player of the Month: October 2017 - Chinese Super League Top goalscorer: 2020 - Congolese Sportsperson of the Year: 2023 - Super League Greece Player of the Month:"
},
{
"title": "Cédric Bakambu",
"text": " January 2023</s><s>Honours.:Records. - Top goalscorer in the history of Beijing Guoan</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Cédric Bakambu",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Latin America/Africa"
}
|
factscore-000371
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Guillermo Rigondeaux.
|
[
{
"title": "Guillermo Rigondeaux",
"text": "<s>Guillermo Rigondeaux Guillermo Rigondeaux Ortiz (; born 30 September 1980) is a Cuban professional boxer. He is a former world champion in two weight classes, having held the unified WBA (Super), WBO and \"Ring\" magazine super bantamweight titles between 2013 and 2017, and the WBA (Regular) bantamweight title from 2020 to 2021. He has also challenged once for the WBO junior lightweight title in 2017. Possessing one of the greatest amateur records of all time, Rigondeaux won consecutive gold medals in the bantamweight division at the 2000 and 2004 Summer Olympics. He is also a seven-time Cuban national champion at bantamweight (2000–2006), finishing his amateur career with a record of nearly 475 fights with 12 losses; the last of these losses occurring in 2003. After Rigondeaux's defection in 2009, he turned professional and remained undefeated for almost nine years. Rigondeaux has been lauded by boxing trainer Freddie Roach as being \"probably the greatest talent I've ever seen.\" He is known for his exceptionally fast hand speed, punching power, counterpunching abilities, athleticism, reflexes, footwork and defensive elusiveness.</s><s>Amateur career.</s><s>"
},
{
"title": "Guillermo Rigondeaux",
"text": "Amateur career.:Olympic results. 2000 - Defeated Moez Zemzeni (Tunisia) KO 1 - Defeated Kazumasa Tsujimoto (Japan) RSC 3 - Defeated Agasi Agaguloglu (Azerbaijan) 14-5 - Defeated Clarence Vinson (United States) 18-6 - Defeated Raimkul Malakhbekov (Russia) 18-12 2004 - Round of 32: Defeated Liu Yuan of China – PTS (21-7) - Round of 16: Defeated Mehar Ullah of Pakistan – RSC 3 - Quarterfinals: Defeated Gennady Kovalev of Russia – PTS (20-5) - Semifinals: Defeated Bahodirjon Sooltonov of Uzbekistan – PTS (27-13) - Gold Medal Match: Defeated Worapoj Petchkoom of Thailand – PTS (22-13)</s><s>Amateur career.:Other highlights. - 2000 Cuban national amateur champion - bantamweight - 2001 Cuban national amateur champion - bantamweight - 2001 World amateur champion - bantamweight (in Belfast, Northern Ireland) - Defeated Kaz"
},
{
"title": "Guillermo Rigondeaux",
"text": "umasa Tsujimoto (Japan) RSC 2 - Defeated Reidar Walstad (Norway) RSC 2 - Defeated Artur Mikaelian (Greece) 24-8 - Defeated Sergey Danilchenko (Ukraine) 15-6 - Defeated Aghasi Mammadov (Turkey) 30-24 - 2002 Cuban national amateur champion - bantamweight - 2002 World Cup champion - bantamweight (in Astana, Kazakhstan) - Defeated Justin Kane (Australia) RSC 1 - Defeated Keren Gurgen (Turkey) RSC 1 - Defeated Chotipat Wongprates (Thailand) 13-2 - Defeated Toljen Kanatov (Kazakhstan) 7-6 - 2003 Cuban national amateur champion - bantamweight - 2003 competed as a bantamweight at World championships in Bangkok, Thailand. Results were: - Defeated Andrzej Liczik (Poland) 15-1 - Lost to Aghasi Mammadov (Azerbaijan) 13-16 - 2003 Bantamweight gold medalist at Pan-American games in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic - Defeated Argenis"
},
{
"title": "Guillermo Rigondeaux",
"text": " Mendez (Dominican Republic) 17-2 - Defeated Alexander Espinoza (Venezuela) RSC 2 - Defeated Andrew Kooner (Canada) 22-2 - Defeated Abner Mares (Mexico) 17-7 - 2004 Cuban national amateur champion - bantamweight - 2005 Cuban national amateur champion - bantamweight - 2005 World amateur champion at bantamweight in competition held in Mianyang, PR China - Defeated Vladislav Sokolov (Latvia) RTD 2 - Defeated Ougonchulun Batkhuu (Mongolia) RSC - Defeated Bahodirjon Sooltonov (Uzbekistan) RSC 3 - Defeated Ali Hallab (France) 37-23 - Defeated Rustamhodza Rahimov (Germany) 19-9 - 2005 Bantamweight gold medalist at World Cup in Moscow, Russia. - Defeated Worapoj Petchkoom (Thailand) 34-16 - Defeated Zsolt Bedák (Hungary) 28-11 - Defeated Murat Aiyrmasov (Kazakhstan) 34-7 - Defeated Maksim"
},
{
"title": "Guillermo Rigondeaux",
"text": " Khalikov (Russia) 37-21 - 2006 Cuban national amateur champion - 2006 Bantamweight gold medalist at Central American Games in Cartagena, Colombia - Defeated Juan Velasquez (Puerto Rico) 10-1 - Defeated Jhonatan Romero (Colombia) walk-over - Defeated Arturo Santos Reyes (Mexico) 14-3 - 2006 Bantamweight gold medalist at Nations Cup in Baku, Azerbaijan - Defeated Mirzhan Rakhimzhanov (Kazakhstan) 28-10 - Defeated Rau'shee Warren (United States) 21-17 - Defeated Elshad Guliyev (Azerbaijan) walk-over - Defeated Ali Aliyev (Russia) RSC 3 Rigondeaux finished his amateur career having 386 fights under his belt, with a record of 374 wins, 12 losses.</s><s>Defection. On 22 July 2007, Rigondeaux and teammate Erislandy Lara failed to appear for their scheduled bouts at the Pan American Games in Brazil. It was initially announced that Rigondeaux was to turn professional, joining fellow 2004 Cuban Olympians Odlanier Solis, Yuriorkis Gam"
},
{
"title": "Guillermo Rigondeaux",
"text": "boa and Yan Bartelemí, who defected earlier in 2007. As with the other Cuban defectors, Rigondeaux signed a promotional deal with Ahmet Oener and ARENA Box-Promotion. However, on 2 August, Rigondeaux and Lara were taken into police custody in Brazil, stating that they wanted to return home to Cuba. However, Cuban leader Fidel Castro then stated that Rigondeaux and Lara could not box again for the Cuban team. In February 2009, Rigondeaux defected again via Mexico City to Miami, and signed with Arena Box-Promotion.</s><s>Professional career.</s><s>Professional career.:Super bantamweight.</s><s>Professional career.:Super bantamweight.:Early fights. On 23 February 2009, Rigondeaux was announced to have defected along with 2004 Olympic Silver Medalist Yudel Johnson, Yordanis Despaigne and Yuniel Dorticos. He would train in the same gym as Yuriorkis Gamboa, Erislandy Lara and Odlanier Solis and would continue his career as a professional once he completed all the residency requirements. He left behind his wife Farah Colina, a 7-year-old son and a 17-year-old stepson"
},
{
"title": "Guillermo Rigondeaux",
"text": " in Cuba. He was also reportedly staying in the home of countryman and featherweight contender Yuriorkis Gamboa. Rigondeaux won his professional debut on 22 May with a third-round technical knockout (TKO) over Juan Noriega in Miami. Although he did not maintain a busy punch volume, Rigondeaux still landed hard shots. Noriega barely countered Rigondeaux's punches and the referee found the opportunity to stop the fight after Rigondeaux connected with a solid right to the head. On 17 July, he won his second pro fight against Robert Guillen by first round knockout. Rigondeaux wasn't active but he hit Guillen with a great hard counter punch to the body which left him rolling on the canvas in pain. On 18 September, Rigondeaux beat Giovanni Andrade by third-round TKO to win the NABA super bantamweight title, dropping Andrade once in each of rounds two and three. On 16 December 2009, Rigondeaux won a unanimous decision over Lante Addy in 8 rounds, dropping Addy once in round one. On 5 February 2010, Rigondeaux scored a first-round knockout against Adolfo Landeros, dropping Landeros with a hard left uppercut"
},
{
"title": "Guillermo Rigondeaux",
"text": " to the body. Rigondeaux then signed a three-year contract with Bob Arum's Top Rank in July 2010. He is also co-promoted by Boris Arencibia's Caribe Promotions. On 13 November 2010, Rigondeaux fought Ricardo Cordoba on the undercard of the WBC super welterweight title fight between Manny Pacquiao vs. Antonio Margarito at the Cowboys Stadium, Dallas, in front of 41,734 people. This was the biggest fight in Rigondeaux's career to date. Rigondeaux knocked Cordoba down in the fourth round with a body shot, but was judged to be knocked down himself in the sixth, in what appeared to be a slip. Despite appearing to win clearly, the fight was judged a split decision, with Rigondeaux the victor and becoming a world champion in his seventh bout, winning the interim WBA super bantamweight title. On 19 March 2011, Rigondeaux fought Willie Casey at the City West Convention Centre, Dublin, Ireland. This was Rigondeaux's first defense of his interim WBA title. A sweeping left uppercut in the opening round caught Casey flush and sent him back on his rear causing his glove to touch the mat at 1 minute and"
},
{
"title": "Guillermo Rigondeaux",
"text": " 45 seconds. He was up immediately and received a mandatory eight-count. A combination ending with a left hook sent Casey falling across the ring and down at 2 minutes and 19 seconds. He was able to make it to his feet but was visibly wobbled. A follow-up barrage sent Casey stumbling forward, prompting the referee to step in and call an end to the bout.</s><s>Professional career.:Super bantamweight.:World super bantamweight champion. On 20 January 2012, Rigondeaux won the full WBA super bantamweight title by knocking out champion and \"The\" \"Ring\" magazine's No. 2 ranked super bantamweight, Rico Ramos (20-0, 11 KOs), in the sixth round. Rigondeaux controlled the opening round against a tentative Ramos. He quickly moved into range and fired the left hand both to the body and upstairs. A straight left hand caught Ramos against the ropes and sent him down at 2 minutes and 24 seconds of the opening round. He was up quickly and received a mandatory eight-count. Rigondeaux attacked but Ramos gathered himself and finished the round. Output waned in the second and third rounds with both fighters looking for counter-punch opportunities, neither seeming overly willing to open up. An"
},
{
"title": "Guillermo Rigondeaux",
"text": " accidental clash of heads opened a small cut on the outside of Ramos' left eyebrow near the end of round 4. Rigondeaux was warned in round 6 for pulling down the back of Ramos' head. Immediately after the warning, Rigondeaux came forward with a barrage and landed a clean left hand to the body that sent Ramos to the canvas grimacing in pain. He remained down on his back as the referee reached the count of ten.</s><s>Professional career.:Super bantamweight.:Miscellaneous defences. Despite Rigondeaux and his camp's efforts to make a fight with any of the other 122 pound champions, fights with champions such as Nonito Donaire, Toshiaki Nishioka, Jeffrey Mathebula and Abner Mares failed to materialise. Rigondeaux said, \"They are cowards\". On 9 June 2012, Rigondeaux made the first defence of his WBA super bantamweight title against Teon Kennedy on the undercard of the Manny Pacquiao vs. Timothy Bradley WBO welterweight title fight at the MGM Grand Garden Arena, Las Vegas, Nevada. Rigondeaux knew the split decision victory against Ricardo Cordoba did not please the HBO people, and learned from it the importance of aggressiveness. From"
},
{
"title": "Guillermo Rigondeaux",
"text": " the standpoint of promotion, the second appearance on HBO was crucial to him. He did not want to make the same mistake as he did two years ago. Rigondeaux impressively stopped Kennedy in the fifth round after knocking him down five times, all with his left cross, leading Kennedy to say \"He just hits you with punches that you can't see\". He has differentiated from the Cordoba fight. Now that he realized that he needed to not only win a fight but also entertain, his promoter Bob Arum stated that Rigondeaux could one day face Nonito Donaire, Jorge Arce, or Wilfredo Vázquez, Jr. On 15 September 2012, Rigondeaux fought Roberto Marroquin on the undercard of the Sergio Martínez vs. Julio César Chávez, Jr. fight at the Thomas & Mack Center, Las Vegas, Nevada. It was a relatively easy night for Rigondeaux, who outworked and outlanded Marroquin and seemed to just cruise through the fight. Rigondeaux gave his young opponent the first knockdown of his career in the fifth-round and scored another knockdown in the twelfth. The judges scored the bout 118-108, 118-108 and 118-109"
},
{
"title": "Guillermo Rigondeaux",
"text": ", all three in favour of Rigondeaux who retained his WBA title by unanimous decision.</s><s>Professional career.:Super bantamweight.:Rigondeaux vs. Donaire. On 13 April 2013, Rigondeaux fought in a unification bout against WBO and \"The Ring\" champion Nonito Donaire at Radio City Music Hall, New York. Rigondeaux left his trainer Jorge Rubio in order to start training with his former amateur trainer Pedro Diaz for this fight. Donaire came into the fight as the No. 5 pound-for-pound fighter in the world. In front of a sellout crowd of 6,145, Rigondeaux defeated Donaire by unanimous (114–113, 115–112, and 116–111), though the fight was considered much wider than the scorecards indicated, becoming the unified WBA (Super), WBO, \"The\" \"Ring\" and lineal super bantamweight champion. Rigondeaux frustrated Donaire early and often with his quick lead right hook, and left hand. Rigondeaux would continue to land the cleaner punches and dip out of range from Donaire for the first nine rounds of the fight. In the tenth-round, while Rigondeaux attempted to clinch with Donaire, he"
},
{
"title": "Guillermo Rigondeaux",
"text": " was pushed off and caught with a left hook from Donaire, sending him to the canvas. Rigondeaux appeared to hurt Donaire with a straight left early in the twelfth-round, when Donaire covered up a severely swollen right eye and began bleeding from his mouth. Rigondeaux ended the round and fight targeting Donaire with his left hand, backing Donaire up. Rigondeaux landed 129 of 396 punches thrown (33%) and Donaire landed 82 of his 352 thrown (23%). Donaire was outlanded in 11 rounds. RingTV.com scored it 117–110 in favor of Rigondeaux, and HBO's Harold Lederman had it 118–109 for him. Donaire's purse was $1.32 million and Rigondeaux earned a career-high $750,000 purse. The fight averaged 1.1 million viewers on HBO.</s><s>Professional career.:Super bantamweight.:Rigondeaux vs. Agbeko. Rigondeaux was next scheduled to fight former bantamweight titlist Joseph Agbeko on 7 December 2013, at the Boardwalk Hall, Atlantic City, New Jersey. Rigondeaux retained his WBA (Super), WBO, \"The Ring\" and lineal super bantamweight"
},
{
"title": "Guillermo Rigondeaux",
"text": " titles via unanimous decision, winning every round on all three judges scorecards (120-108). The fight was criticized for its lack of action. The fight averaged 550,000 viewers on HBO. Prior to the fight, there were rumours that a rematch could surface between Rigondeaux and Donaire. Rigondeaux was open to the idea but stated if the fight was to take place again, Donaire would need to accept the fight at 123 pounds and weigh no more than 133 the next day.</s><s>Professional career.:Super bantamweight.:Rigondeaux vs. Kokietgym. Top Rank announced the next defense would be against veteran Sod Kokietgym (63–2–1, 28 KOs) on 19 July 2014, at the Cotai Arena, Macao. Rigondeaux won the bout, after the fight was stopped halfway through the first round. Kokietgym hit the canvas due to a hard, accidental clash of heads, he was given time to recover, however when he got up, the two touched gloves as respect before Rigondeaux threw an ungentlemanly'sucker punch' right hook to end the fight while they touched gloves with the other glove. This resembled the ending of the welterweight world"
},
{
"title": "Guillermo Rigondeaux",
"text": " title bout between Floyd Mayweather Jr. and Victor Ortiz in Las Vegas. This was the first professional fight for Rigondeaux outside of the United States and Kokietgym entered the fight having not lost in over eight years. It was the last time Rigondeaux fought under the Top Rank banner. After the fight, Rigondeaux stated that he wanted to unify the division, proposing fights to fellow division titleholders Leo Santa Cruz and Kiko Martinez.</s><s>Professional career.:Super bantamweight.:Rigondeaux vs. Amagasa, Francisco. On 31 December 2014, Rigondeaux retained his titles against Japan's Hisashi Amagasa at the Osaka Prefectural Gymnasium, Osaka, Japan. Rigondeaux was down twice in the seventh round but stated one of them was a slip/push. Amagasa was down in the ninth. Referee Mike Ortega stopped the bout after Amagasa failed to get up off his stool after round 11, suffering swelling around his right eye and facial disfigurement from what appeared to be a broken left jaw or cheek. On 13 November 2015 it was announced that Rigondeaux would return to the United States after 23 months, and his first fight in 11 months on the Cotto"
},
{
"title": "Guillermo Rigondeaux",
"text": "-Canelo PPV undercard on 21 November 2015, at the Mandalay Bay Events Centre in Las Vegas against 33 year old Filipino boxer Drian Fancisco (28–3–1, 22 KOs). Rigondeaux won the fight via unanimous decision (97–93, 100–90 twice) in a very one-sided fight to claim the vacant WBC International Silver super bantamweight title.</s><s>Professional career.:Super bantamweight.:Scheduled bout in UK and visa issues. Rigondeaux was scheduled to fight Liverpool's James 'Jazza' Dickens (22–1, 7 KOs) on 12 March 2016, at the Echo Arena, Liverpool, England, on the undercard of Terry Flanagan vs. Derry Matthews. This would be the UK debut for Rigondeaux, who was training in Russia. It was announced on the fight night that the fight was off and Rigondeaux had returned to the United States due to failing to obtain a UK visa. Dickens still fought on the undercard defeating Reynaldo Cajina. On 14 May 2016, Rigondeaux was reinstated as the WBA (Super) super bantamweight champion due to Carl Frampton being stripped of the belt for failing to negotiate his"
},
{
"title": "Guillermo Rigondeaux",
"text": " first defence. Rigondeaux would most likely defend the title against Jazza Dickens or WBA bantamweight champion Jamie McDonnell. WBA ordered Rigondeaux to face interim titleholder Moises Flores (24–0, 17 KOs) by 1 August, in a mandatory defence.</s><s>Professional career.:Super bantamweight.:Rigondeaux vs. Dickens. It was confirmed that Rigondeaux would defend his WBA (Super) and lineal titles against Jazza Dickens on 16 July at the Ice Arena, Cardiff, Wales. The fight was originally scheduled for March, but was cancelled due to Rigondeaux having VISA issues. This was Rigondeaux's first fight in the UK. Rigondeaux retained his belts after breaking Dickens, jaw in round 2 with a huge left hand. Dickens was forced to retire after the round.</s><s>Professional career.:Super bantamweight.:Rigondeaux vs. Flores. On 20 July 2016, in their continued desire to reduce the number of champions, the WBA ordered Rigondeaux to make a mandatory defence of his title against their interim titleholder, 29-year-old Mexican boxer Moises Flores (25–0, 17 KO). On 7 December, the WBA announced"
},
{
"title": "Guillermo Rigondeaux",
"text": " a purse bid would be held on 19 December at the WBA headquarters in Panama City, with a minimum bid of $150,000 with Rigondeaux receiving the bigger split of 75% and 25% going to Flores. A deal was reached before the scheduled purse bids. Flores said he would be dedicating this fight to Alejandro Gonzalez, a boxer who was killed in Mexico in December. The fight would likely take place on the Roc Nation Sports card on 25 February 2017, live on HBO ppv, a co-feature to light-middleweight fight Cotto-Kirkland. Flores' IBO world title would also be at stake. The fight was officially announced on 25 January 2017. On 2 February, Kirkland picked up a nose injury which initially called off his ppv fight with Cotto. Later that day, it was announced that the whole card had been cancelled. A new date of March or April was then discussed for the Rigondeaux vs. Flores fight. The WBA ordered another purse bid to take place on 3 April 2017, at the Panama City headquarters, again with a minimum bid of $150,000. A deal was reached within a week on 31 March between both parties. The date being discussed was 17 June 2017, meaning it"
},
{
"title": "Guillermo Rigondeaux",
"text": " would be an undercard fight for Ward-Kovalev II on HBO PPV. Flores' promoter Tom Brown confirmed the terms were being agreed. It was reported that Rigondeaux would earn a purse of $120,000 whilst Flores would earn $25,000. Rigondeaux retained his WBA and lineal titles as well as claim the IBO super bantamweight title after controversially knocking Flores out at the end of round 1. Before the bell sounded for the end of the round, both fighters locked in a flurry, with Rigondeaux holding Flores' head, both exchanged combinations. Whilst Flores missed his shots, Rigondeaux landed a hook to the head after the bell. As referee Vic Drakulich managed to separate the two, Flores, after a split second, fell backwards. The referee then turned his attention to Flores and after viewing ringside replay, without sound, ruled it a knockout win for Rigondeaux. Rigondeaux said, through a translator, \"We both threw punches at the same time and mine landed first. It was only a matter of time [until the knockout happened].\" Nevada State Athletic Commission executive director Bob Bennett was brought in to discuss the ending with HBO's Jim Lampley, and said if the"
},
{
"title": "Guillermo Rigondeaux",
"text": " punch was thrown after the bell, they would review the decision. He also went on to say that it could turn out as a disqualification loss for Rigondeaux. Paulie Malignaggi, who was working as a pundit for Sky Sports, thought Flores had over-reacted when he fell onto the canvas, maybe looking for a DQ win. The next day, Bob Bennett fully reviewed the tape and agreed the punch landed after the bell but was unintentional, meaning the result could change to a no decision with the WBA possibly ordering a rematch. On 20 June, Bob Bennett told ESPN that there was plans to change the outcome of the fight to a 'no decision'. Bennett could not unilaterally change the result, nor can the commission chairman, although it must be voted on by the four commissioners. On 26 June, the result was officially changed to a no contest. On 6 July 2017, the WBA ordered an immediate rematch to take place between Rigondeaux and Flores, within 150 days of the first fight, meaning it would likely take place around November 2017. Flores was given a 60-day medical suspension from the Nevada commission. The two sides had until 17 August or it would go to purse bids.</s><s>Professional career.:Super featherweight."
},
{
"title": "Guillermo Rigondeaux",
"text": "</s><s>Professional career.:Super featherweight.:Rigondeaux vs. Lomachenko. On 6 August, Arum stated that Vasiliy Lomachenko would fight for a third time in 2017, likely on 9 or 23 December. When asked who the potential options where, Arum stated, \"Well, there's a few guys. (Guillermo) Rigondeaux if he answers Dino (Duva's) call. There's (Orlando) Salido, who's sniffing around and the third is (Miguel) Berchelt.\" Arum also mentioned lightweight contender Ray Beltrán, but said he would like to capture a world title at lightweight before a potential fight with Lomachenko. On 14 August, Arum spoke to LA Times and confirmed either Rigondeaux or Salido would be Lomachenko's next opponent. He stated if the bout with Rigondeaux was made, it would likely take place at the Madison Square Garden Theatre and a potential rematch with Salido would take place in Los Angeles. On 21 August, Arum stated both camps were closing in on finalising a deal for 9 December. On 15 September, the bout between Lomachenko and Rigondeaux was confirmed."
},
{
"title": "Guillermo Rigondeaux",
"text": " The fight was confirmed to take place at 130 pounds. On 18 November, Carl Moretti of Top Rank revealed a re-hydration clause on the contract. Both fighters agreed to weigh in at 09:00 on the morning of the fight, where they would not be able to exceed 138 pounds. Any fighter over the limit would face a penalty of more than $10,000. On 28 November, the WBA announced that Rigondeaux would lose his title at super bantamweight if he lost to Lomachenko. WBA president Gilberto Mendoza Jr. went on to say if Rigondeaux defeats Lomachenko, he would have five days to decide whether he is to return to the division or stay at super featherweight. He stated that special permission was granted because the bout was 'an important fight for boxing'. Upon receiving the news, Rigondeaux took to Twitter and stated he was disappointed. On fight night, Lomachenko weighed 137.4 pounds and Rigondeaux weighed 130 pounds. In front of a sell out crowd of 5,102 at the Theater, Lomachenko retained his WBO title using a combination of size, speed and angles, eventually forcing Rigondeaux to quit. Rigondeaux never landed"
},
{
"title": "Guillermo Rigondeaux",
"text": " more than three punches per round. He said he could not continue because he broke his hand during the fight; it was later revealed that it was bruised, not broken. Rigondeaux became Lomachenko's fourth consecutive opponent to retire on his stool. The loss also marked the first time Rigondeaux had lost since 2003, when he was still an amateur. At the time of stoppage, Lomachenko was ahead on all three judges' scorecards, 60–53, 59–54 and 59–54. In the post-fight interviews, Lomachenko was asked about Rigondeaux being his fourth consecutive opponent to retire on his stool, to which Lomachenko joked, \"Maybe I should change my second name, now my name is 'No Mas Chenko'.\" He also went on to say, \"This is not his weight, so it's not a big win for me. But he's a good fighter. He's got great skills. I adjusted to his style, low blows and all.\" Speaking to an interpreter, Rigondeaux said, \"I lost, no excuses. I injured the top of my left hand in the second round. He's a very technical fighter. He's explosive. I'm gonna come back"
},
{
"title": "Guillermo Rigondeaux",
"text": " because that's what I do. The weight was not a factor in this fight. It was the injury to my hand.\" According to CompuBox statistics, Lomachenko landed 55 of 339 punches thrown (16%) and Rigondeaux landed 15 of his 178 thrown (8%), landing no more than 3 punches per round. For the fight, Lomachenko was guaranteed a purse of $1.2 million whereas Rigondeaux earned a $400,000 purse. The card averaged 1.73 million viewers on ESPN, which did not include ESPN Deportes or the online streaming service. As stated by the WBA, in the January 2018 rankings, Rigondeaux was removed as their 'Super' champion.</s><s>Professional career.:Inactivity. Rigondeaux returned to training on 25 July 2018. On 2 August, Rigondeaux and Roc Nation Sports came to a mutual agreement to terminate their contract. With a year left on the contract, Dino Duva told ESPN, \"We weren't able to come up with anything significant for him, and he's in the later part of his career, so if he's a free agent, maybe he can go make a fight for himself. We're OK with that and we wish him the best.\""
},
{
"title": "Guillermo Rigondeaux",
"text": " Roc Nation promoted Rigondeaux in four bouts. On 20 November 2018, it was reported that Rigondeaux started training with Veteran trainer Ronnie Shields. Shields, a well known trainer who also trained Cuban boxer Erislandy Lara at the time, welcomed Rigondeaux to his training base in Houston, Texas.</s><s>Professional career.:Return at super featherweight. After signing with advisor Al Haymon, now fighting under the Premier Boxing Champions banner, it was announced on 29 November, Rigondeaux would make his ring return on either 22 December 2018 or 13 January 2019. It was reported that he would return to super bantamweight, but could see a move up to featherweight. Rigondeaux's co-manager Alex Bornote later confirmed he would fight on a date in January 2019.</s><s>Professional career.:Return at super featherweight.:Rigondeaux vs. Delgado. In December 2018, it was announced that Rigondeaux would fight journeyman Giovanni Delgado (16–8, 9 KOs) at the super featherweight limit on 13 January 2019, at the Microsoft Theater, Los Angeles, California. It was initially reported that Rigondeaux would fight Daniel Rosas (21–4–1, 13 KOs), before RingTV"
},
{
"title": "Guillermo Rigondeaux",
"text": " announced the change. Delgado was originally scheduled to fight on the same card against Fernando Garcia. Rigondeaux stopped Delgado via first-round knockout. Delgado made it to the end of the first round when he was dropped hard by an overhand left to the head. Although the round had ended, referee Jack Reiss decided to stop it anyway at the count of nine. The official time of the stoppage was at 3 minutes of round 1. After the fight, Rigondeaux said, \"I came prepared and I am ready to face people that are undefeated. Whoever has a belt, I am taking it. You can expect me back in less than two months.\" Rigondeaux's purse for the fight was $25,000 compared to $14,500 for Delgado.</s><s>Professional career.:Move back down to super bantamweight.</s><s>Professional career.:Move back down to super bantamweight.:Rigondeaux vs. Ceja. Rigondeaux's next bout was scheduled to take place as a co-feature to the rematch between Tony Harrison and Jermell Charlo on 23 June 2019 at the Mandalay Bay Events Center in Paradise, Nevada. Rigondeaux's opponent was confirmed to be former WBC interim champion Julio"
},
{
"title": "Guillermo Rigondeaux",
"text": " Ceja (32–3, 28 KOs), with the fight being a WBC eliminator. The PBC card aired live on Fox and Fox Deportes. Rigondeaux won the fight by an eight-round technical knockout. The fight was back-and-forth, with both fighters finding success, before Rigondeaux landed a left hook that floored Ceja at the very end of the round.</s><s>Professional career.:Bantamweight.</s><s>Professional career.:Bantamweight.:Rigondeaux vs. Solís. Rigondeaux was scheduled to fight Liborio Solís on 21 December 2020, for the vacant WBA (Regular) bantamweight title. The fight was set to precede the rematch between WBC junior middleweight champion Tony Harrison and Jermell Charlo. The fight was postponed as Solis was unable to enter the United States due to visa issues. PBC stated their plans to schedule the fight for early 2020. The fight was rescheduled for February 8, 2020. Rigondeaux won the fight by split decision, with two of the judges scoring the bout 114–113 in his favor, while the third judge scored it 115–112 for Solís.</s><s>Professional career.:Bantamweight"
},
{
"title": "Guillermo Rigondeaux",
"text": ".:Rigondeaux vs. Casimero. Rigondeaux challenged the reigning WBO bantamweight champion John Riel Casimero on 14 August 2021. It was announced on 19 June that WBC champion Nonito Donaire would replace Rigondeaux, but when the fight between Casimero and Donaire fell apart over insults directed at the latter's wife, Rigondeaux stepped back in to fight Casimero as had been originally planned. His WBA (Regular) title was not on the line, as the WBA stripped him of the title upon his entry into the ring \"due to restrictions on behalf of the WBO\". In a low-key affair that saw the CompuBox record broken for fewest combined landed punches in a 12-round fight, Casimero pressured his opponent all night, fighting on the front foot and throwing more punches than Rigondeaux, who was reluctant to engage. Casimero was rewarded with a split decision victory, with scores of 117–111 and 116–112 in his favor, and 115–113 in favor of Rigondeaux.</s><s>Professional career.:Bantamweight.:Rigondeaux vs. Astrolabio. On 26 February 2022, Rigondeaux suffered the third professional"
},
{
"title": "Guillermo Rigondeaux",
"text": " defeat of his career, losing a shock ten-round unanimous decision to the unheralded Vincent Astrolabio (16–3, 12 KO) at the Emirates Golf Club in Dubai. Rigondeaux was knocked down by a jab and straight right hand in the eighth round. The knockdown proved to be the difference on the judges' scorecards, with all three judges scoring the bout 95–94 in favor of Astrolabio.</s><s>In other media. A documentary on Rigondeaux, \"Split Decision\", has been in the works by filmmaker Brin-Jonathan Butler. Butler also published a biography of Rigondeaux in 2014, entitled \"A Cuban Boxer's Journey: From Castro's Traitor to American Champion\", published by Picador USA.</s><s>Personal life. In March 2022, Rigondeaux suffered serious eye injuries in a pressure cooker accident at his home in Miami.</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Guillermo Rigondeaux",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Latin America/Africa"
}
|
factscore-000372
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Pablo Zabaleta.
|
[
{
"title": "Pablo Zabaleta",
"text": "<s>Pablo Zabaleta Pablo Javier Zabaleta Girod (; born 16 January 1985) is an Argentine former professional footballer who played as a right back. Zabaleta could operate on both sides of the pitch as a full-back and was known for his tenacious style of play, and has captained his club on numerous occasions. With Manchester City, Zabaleta won all of English football's major honours: the FA Cup (2011), the Premier League (2012 and 2014), the League Cup (2014 and 2016) and the Community Shield (2012). Moreover, Zabaleta is often considered to be a cult hero at Manchester City owing to his determination and passion for the club. Before joining Manchester City, Zabaleta played for La Liga club RCD Espanyol, where he won the 2005–06 Copa del Rey. He made 333 appearances over nine seasons for Manchester City before signing for London-based club West Ham United in the summer of 2017. A full international since 2005, Zabaleta represented Argentina at the 2011 and 2015 Copa América, and was part of their team which finished as runners-up in the 2014 FIFA World Cup. He was also in their team which won gold at the 2008 Olympics.</s>"
},
{
"title": "Pablo Zabaleta",
"text": "<s>Club career.</s><s>Club career.:San Lorenzo. Born in Buenos Aires, Zabaleta was raised in Arrecifes. He began his career at Club Atlético San Lorenzo de Almagro in 2002 after progressing through their youth ranks, having been signed at the age of 12 from local club \"Obras Sanitarias\". He started playing as a defensive midfielder but eventually moved to the right side of midfield.</s><s>Club career.:Espanyol. Zabaleta was transferred to Espanyol in 2005 for €3 million after being Argentina under-20s captain in the 2005 FIFA World Youth Championship, which Argentina won. During the 2005–06 season, Zabaleta helped Espanyol to win the Copa del Rey, playing the full 90 minutes in the 4–1 victory over Real Zaragoza in the final. In January 2007, Zabaleta suffered a shoulder injury that kept him off the pitch for almost three months, already having established himself as an undisputed first team choice. Later in the season, he featured in the 2006–07 UEFA Cup final, where Espanyol lost on penalties to fellow Spanish side Sevilla.</s><s>Club career.:Manchester City.</s><s>Club career.:Manchester City.:"
},
{
"title": "Pablo Zabaleta",
"text": "2008–2012. In the summer of 2008, Zabaleta transferred to Premier League club Manchester City after rejecting an offer from Juventus. He stated upon joining that \"The offer is impossible to reject and not just because of the money... Juventus also wanted me but I wanted to come to England, and to Manchester.\" Having passed a medical and agreed personal terms, Zabaleta completed a five-year deal with City on 31 August 2008 for an undisclosed fee, believed to be the buy-out clause Zabaleta had attached to his contract of around £6.45 million. Zabaleta joined a day before Manchester City was bought by the Abu Dhabi United Group, led by Sheikh Mansour, which enabled a wealth of investment in the club. On 13 September 2008, Zabaleta made his debut for Manchester City in a 3–1 defeat to Chelsea at the City of Manchester Stadium. On 5 October, he received his first red card in English football when he was sent off in a 3–2 loss to Liverpool in his fourth Premier League appearance. He scored his first goal for City on 17 January 2009, the only goal of the game in a 1–0 league win over Wigan Athletic. On 21 November 2010, Zabaleta scored his second Premier League goal"
},
{
"title": "Pablo Zabaleta",
"text": " in Manchester City's 4–1 win against Fulham. In the same match, he assisted a Carlos Tevez goal, helping his compatriot to earn his ninth goal for the club during the 2010–11 season. On 1 January 2011, Zabaleta played his 100th game for Manchester City in all competitions, coming off the bench against Blackpool in a 1–0 win at Eastlands. Two weeks later, on 15 January, Zabaleta made his second assist of the season in a 4–3 win over Wolverhampton Wanderers. This win meant that City went top of the league above local rivals Manchester United. However, City's title challenge faded with a loss of form in February and March 2011. On 1 May 2011, Zabaleta scored his second goal of the season in a Premier League match against West Ham United. This secured a 2–1 win for the Citizens and put them seven points ahead of Liverpool and Tottenham Hotspur in the race for fourth place. On 14 May 2011, Zabaleta appeared as an 88th-minute substitute for Carlos Tevez in the 2011 FA Cup Final as Manchester City beat Stoke City 1–0. In the summer of 2011, it was reported that Italian club Roma were keen on signing Zabaleta"
},
{
"title": "Pablo Zabaleta",
"text": ", but Manchester City insisted the player was not for sale and Zabaleta agreed a three-year contract in July 2011. On 1 October 2011, Zabaleta started and played the full 90 minutes at right-back in a 4–0 win over Blackburn Rovers at Ewood Park in the Premier League, as regular starter Micah Richards was not available. On 23 October, he was an unused substitute in the convincing 6–1 win over rivals Manchester United at Old Trafford, with Richards starting at right-back. In November 2011, Zabaleta extended his contract with City until the summer of 2015. Zabaleta said, \"I'm in a very good team, and I try to do my best for the club, the team and the fans. I didn't think twice, I gave a quick answer because I was so happy to sign.\" In his first three-and-a-half years at the club, Zabaleta emerged as a cult hero amongst the Manchester City fans who admire his never-say-die attitude and commitment to the club. On 30 April 2012, he started and played the full 90 minutes in the right-back slot in a 1–0 victory over rivals Manchester United thanks to a first-half stoppage time header by"
},
{
"title": "Pablo Zabaleta",
"text": " Vincent Kompany from a corner at the City of Manchester Stadium. Zabaleta scored the first goal in City's dramatic 3–2 win over Queens Park Rangers on the final day of the season, a result which secured the first league title for the club since 1968. On 9 December 2012, Zabaleta scored a late equalising goal in a 3–2 defeat to Manchester United.</s><s>Club career.:Manchester City.:2013–2017. On 1 January 2013, he scored the opening goal in a 3–0 win at the City of Manchester Stadium over Stoke City, doubling his goal tally from the previous season. On 25 January 2013, Zabaleta scored his third goal of the season and the only goal of the match in a 1–0 win away against Stoke City in the FA Cup, fourth round. His goal took Manchester City through to the fifth round. Zabaleta was voted Manchester City's Player of the Month for both December 2012 and January 2013, and was stand-in captain for the club during Vincent Kompany's injury absence between January and March 2013. He was the only City player to be named in the 2012–13 Premier League PFA Team of the Year. After a superb season, Zabaleta was voted 2012–13"
},
{
"title": "Pablo Zabaleta",
"text": " Manchester City Player of the Year. Zabaleta was sent off in the 2013 FA Cup Final against Wigan Athletic for a second yellow card after a clear foul on Callum McManaman 84 minutes into the match. Wigan went on to win 1–0 through a Ben Watson goal in stoppage time. He was the third player to be sent off in an FA Cup final and first for the losing side. On 2 March 2014, Zabaleta played the full 90 minutes as Manchester City beat Sunderland 3–1 in the 2014 League Cup Final to complete a full set of major honours in English football. On 21 April, he scored his first goal of the season in a 3–1 defeat of West Bromwich Albion at the City of Manchester Stadium. On 11 May, Zabaleta was part of the victory against West Ham that won Manchester City the Premier League, his second in three seasons. On 21 September 2014, Zabaleta was sent off for a second yellow card due to a challenge on Chelsea's Diego Costa. Both players received a yellow card, Zabaleta for the initial challenge and Costa for his reaction. On 21 August 2015, it was announced that Zabaleta was out for a month with knee injury. On 17 January 2016, Z"
},
{
"title": "Pablo Zabaleta",
"text": "abaleta reached 200 appearances for Manchester City in the club's 4–0 victory over Crystal Palace. Zabaleta made 32 appearances in all competitions in the 2016–17 season scoring two goals; against Watford in the Premier League and against Huddersfield Town in the FA Cup. His final appearance for Manchester City came on 16 May 2017, a 3–1 home win against West Bromwich Albion. After the game he was praised by the City manager, Pep Guardiola, as a \"legend\". Zabaleta was given a lifetime season ticket for Manchester City and a shirt that read \"Zabaleta 333\", to mark the number of City appearances he made.</s><s>Club career.:West Ham United. On 26 May 2017, Zabaleta signed for Premier League club West Ham United on a free transfer, agreeing to a two-year contract. He was given number five as his squad number. On 22 May 2018, Manuel Pellegrini was confirmed as manager of West Ham United, reuniting him with his former manager at Manchester City. In May 2019, Zabaleta extended his contract with West Ham Until the summer of 2020. On 5 January 2020, Zabaleta scored his only goal for West Ham, in a 2–0 win against G"
},
{
"title": "Pablo Zabaleta",
"text": "illingham in the FA Cup third round. On 10 January 2020, in a match against Sheffield United, Zabaleta became the first Argentinean, and only the third South American, to record 300 Premier League appearances. In June 2020, West Ham confirmed his departure from the club at the end of the month. Zabaleta played 80 times for West Ham over three seasons, scoring one goal.</s><s>Club career.:Retirement. On 16 October 2020, Zabaleta officially announced his retirement from professional football after 18 years.</s><s>International career. At the age of 14, Zabaleta was called up by Hugo Tocalli to the Argentina under-15 squad. He took part in many youth tournaments, including the FIFA U-20 World Cup in 2003 and 2005, winning the latter in the Netherlands. He received over 75 caps to national youth sides, and started representing the senior side in 2005. He was also a member of the gold medal-winning team at the 2008 Summer Olympics, starting at right-back and playing all six matches. After the 2010 FIFA World Cup, for which Zabaleta was not selected by head coach Diego Maradona, under the new Argentina manager he has established himself as first-choice right-back. On 1 June"
},
{
"title": "Pablo Zabaleta",
"text": " 2011, Zabaleta captained Argentina for the first time in a friendly against Nigeria. In June 2014, Zabaleta was named in Argentina's squad for the 2014 World Cup. He made his World Cup debut in Argentina's 2–1 win over Bosnia and Herzegovina at the Estádio do Maracanã, playing the full match in defence. At the 2015 Copa América in Chile, Zabaleta sent in the cross from which his Manchester City teammate Sergio Agüero headed the only goal of the game as Argentina defeated holders Uruguay in their second group match.</s><s>Personal life. Zabaleta was born in Buenos Aires, to a family of Spanish (Basque) descent. Zabaleta has a tattoo on his chest which bears the name of his mother. In June 2018, he worked as a pundit for the BBC's \"Match of the Day\" 2018 World Cup coverage from Russia. Zabaleta again worked as a pundit for the BBC and \"Match of the Day\" during their coverage of the 2022 World Cup in Qatar. He now works for ESPN on their La Liga coverage.</s><s>Honours. Espanyol - Copa del Rey: 2005-06 Manchester City - Premier League: 2011–"
},
{
"title": "Pablo Zabaleta",
"text": "12, 2013–14 - FA Cup: 2010–11; runner-up: 2012–13 - Football League Cup: 2013–14, 2015–16 - FA Community Shield: 2012 Individual - PFA Team of the Year: 2012–13 Premier League - Manchester City Player of the Month: January 2009, December 2012, January 2013 - FIFPro World XI 5th team: 2013, 2014</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Pablo Zabaleta",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Latin America/Africa"
}
|
factscore-000373
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Vadhir Derbez.
|
[
{
"title": "Vadhir Derbez",
"text": "<s>Vadhir Derbez Vadhir Derbez Alejandro González Torres Prince (born 18 February 1991), better known as Vadhir Derbez, is a Mexican actor and singer who has worked for Televisa, Univision, Warner Brothers, Netflix, TV Azteca and Telemundo.</s><s>Personal life. Derbez was born in Mexico City. His father is comic actor Eugenio Derbez. He studied at military school Culver Academies for four years, where he practiced equestrianism. He rode in Barack Obama's Inaugural parade in Washington D.C. in 2009.</s><s>Career.</s><s>Career.:Television. Vadhir began his acting career in 1997 at age six on the program \"Derbez en Cuando\", where he participated in the sketches \"Tatiana y En Familia con Chabelo\" (2000), and \"Diseñador do ambos sexos\" (2001). He earned his first featured part in the novela (soap opera) \"Cómplices Al Rescate\" (2002). \"La familia P. Luche\" (2002) was his next involved work, followed by \""
},
{
"title": "Vadhir Derbez",
"text": "De pocas, pocas pulgas\" (2003), \"Par de ases\" (2004), \"Mujer, Casos de la Vida Real\" (2004). In 2006 he was on the famous program \"Vecinos\" as recurring character Marco López Pérez for a total of 36 episodes. Derbez participated in Univision's first reality dance competition, \"Mira Quien Baila\" (2010) and was the winner of the shows first season. He acted in the famous series (2013) as Maximiliano 'Max' Zaga, one of the protagonists, alongside Alexis Ayala, José María Torre, and Issabela Camil. In 2016, Vadhir played the role of \"César Suárez\", the psychopathic son of a drug lord in the soap opera \"La querida del Centauro\", a production of Sony Pictures, Teleset, and in collaboration with Telemundo, the show was aired in the United States, Mexico, and South America. In the same year the actor played a lead role in the first series shared amongst TV Azteca and Televisa Blim, \"Entre correr y vivir\", based on"
},
{
"title": "Vadhir Derbez",
"text": " the lives of Ricardo and Pedro Rodríguez. This show was filmed in the race course of Mexico City and in it Vadhir played the role of the race pilot Rodrigo Hernández. In 2019, he won the first season of \"¿Quién es la máscara?\" as Camaleon. Entering the international market, the actor obtained a role on the Netflix series, \"Sense8\" (2016) alongside Miguel Ángel Silvestre and Alfonso Herrera.</s><s>Career.:Theatre. The actor made his theater debut playing Tom Sawyer, the lead role in \"Las aventuras de Tom Sawyer\"(2004), an adaption of the story by Mark Twain. In 2013 he took part in the musical \"Grease\", playing 3 different roles (Tacho, Kiko, and Danny Sucko) during this time. Afterwards he earned a lead part in the Broadway musical \"Rock of Ages\" (2014), playing the role of Jerry, along with the actress and singer Dulce Maria. He then played a lead role in Grease (2017) once more on \"Musical USA\" making rounds in a few cities in the United States.</s><s>Career.:Film."
},
{
"title": "Vadhir Derbez",
"text": " Vadhir earned his first part on the big screen giving voice to the character \"Chuletas\" in the 2005 animated film \"Imaginum\", but it wasn not until 2015 that he had a role in a live-action film, appearing in the action film \"Ladrones\", alongside Fernando Colunga, Eduardo Yáñez, Jessica Lindsay, and Miguel Varoni. In 2016, he obtained his first lead role in film \"El tamaño si Importa\", directed by Rafa Lara. The next year he was in the film \"3 Idiotas\", an adaptation of the popular Bollywood film \"3 Idiots\". After his success in Mexico, he made his Hollywood debut in the film \"How to Be a Latin Lover\" (2017), playing a younger version of the character played by his father Eugenio. In May 2019, Vadhir co-starred as Beto in the comedy film \"Dulce familia\".</s><s>Career.:Music. Derbez made his music debut with his first EP, \"Vadhir Derbez\" released 2 September 2016. It featured two singles: \"Te Olvidé\" and \"Me Haces Sentir\". \"Me Haces Sentir"
},
{
"title": "Vadhir Derbez",
"text": "\" was later re-released on 14 February 2017 with the live version included. His musical and cinematic career briefly overlapped his song \"Al Final\" was released under the soundtrack of \"3 Idiotas\" on 7 March 2017, a movie which he was also featured on April 27, 2017, Derbez released his fourth single, \"Latin Lover\". After a period of almost two years, Vadhir released his next single \"Mala\" on 5 April 2019, and has announced that his last song \"Toda La Banda\" was released in June 2019.</s><s>Discography.</s><s>Discography.:Albums. EP - Vadhir Derbez (2016)</s><s>Discography.:Singles. - Me Haces Sentir (2016) - Te Olvide (2016) - Al Final (2016) - Latin Lover (2017) - Mala (2019) - Toda La Banda (2019) - Buena Suerte| VD ft. Mario Bautista & Yera (18/11/2020) - Luna| VD & Ir Sais (28/04/2021) - Te Confieso| VD ft. Ximena Sariñana (16/07"
},
{
"title": "Vadhir Derbez",
"text": "/2021) - Te Confieso Acoustic Session| VD Ft. Jass Reyes (15/12/2021)</s><s>Discography.:Soundtracks. - Cómplices al Rescate (2001) - De Pocas Pocas Pulgas (2003)</s><s>Accolades. On November 21, 2010, he won first place in \"Mira Quien Baila: First Season\".</s><s>Further reading. - - - - - -</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Vadhir Derbez",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Latin America/Africa"
}
|
factscore-000374
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Lucas Boyé.
|
[
{
"title": "Lucas Boyé",
"text": "<s>Lucas Boyé Lucas Ariel Boyé (born 28 February 1996) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a striker for Spanish La Liga club Elche and the Argentina national team.</s><s>Club career.</s><s>Club career.:Early career. Boyé was called up by Ramon Diaz for River Plate's pre-season in Salta in January 2014. His unofficial debut took place on 29 January 2014 in a friendly against San Lorenzo de Almagro at the Estadio Padre Ernesto Martearena in Salta, when he replaced Jonathan Fabbro 23 minutes into the second half. River Plate lost the match to San Lorenzo 3–1. Soon after he returned to play for the first team in another friendly, this time against the provincial team of San Luis, entering at the beginning of the second half to replace Daniel Villalba in a match which River Plate won 3–1. He made his official debut against Ferro in the final tournament of the 2013–14 Copa Argentina, in a match which River Plate won 6–5 in a penalty shootout. His debut in the Argentine Primera División came in a 1–1 tie against Gimnasia y Esgrima on the first day of the 2014 Torneo"
},
{
"title": "Lucas Boyé",
"text": " de Transición. Four days later, on 31 August, Boyé scored his first goal in the Primera División off an assist from Tomas Martinez, the third in a match which River won 3–1 against San Lorenzo.</s><s>Club career.:Torino. On 1 February 2016, he signed a contract with Italian club Torino for four seasons, starting in July 2016.</s><s>Club career.:Torino.:Loan deals. On 31 January 2018, he moved on loan to Spanish club Celta. In the 2018–19 season Boyé joined AEK on loan. On 28 October 2018 he scored his first goal for the club in a 4–0 home win game against Aris Thessaloniki. On 23 February 2019, he scored a brace, his first in his career, sealing a 2–1 home win game against Apollon Smyrnis. On 2 August 2019, English Championship club Reading announced the signing of Boyé on a season-long loan deal from Torino. He scored his first goal for Reading in an EFL Cup tie against Wolverhampton Wanderers on 25 September 2019. However he also went on to miss a penalty in the shootout in the same game as Reading ultimately lost. On 21 September 2020,"
},
{
"title": "Lucas Boyé",
"text": " the newly promoted La Liga team Elche announced that Boyé had joined them on loan with an option to buy.</s><s>Club career.:Elche. On 13 May 2021, Elche announced that they had exercised the option to Boyé.</s><s>Style of play. Nicknamed \"El Tanque\" (The Tank) or \"El Toro\" (The Bull), Boyé is described as a well structured, yet agile centre forward, with excellent technique and dribbling ability. He is noted for his work rate and willingness to sacrifice himself for the team. He is compared to former Roma forward Abel Balbo.</s><s>Career statistics.</s><s>Career statistics.:Club.</s><s>Career statistics.:International.</s><s>Honours. River Plate - Copa Libertadores: 2015 - Copa Sudamericana: 2014 - Recopa Sudamericana: 2015 - Suruga Bank Championship: 2015 - Copa Euroamericana: 2015</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Lucas Boyé",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Latin America/Africa"
}
|
factscore-000375
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Gulshan Kumar.
|
[
{
"title": "Gulshan Kumar",
"text": "<s>Gulshan Kumar Gulshan Kumar Dua (5 May 1951 12 August 1997), was an Indian businessman, film and music producer who was the founder of the Super Cassettes Industries Limited (T-Series) music label in the Bollywood industry. He founded T-Series in the 1980s and established it as a leading record label in the 1990s. After his death, T-Series has since been run by his younger brother Krishan Kumar and son Bhushan Kumar. His daughters Tulsi Kumar and Khushali Kumar are also playback singers.</s><s>Biography. Born in 1956 in a Punjabi Hindu family, Gulshan Kumar Dua was the son of a fruit juice vendor who worked the streets of the Daryaganj neighbourhood in the heart of Delhi. His family came as refugees from the Jhang province of West Punjab after the anti-Hindu riots during the partition of India in 1947. Dua started working with his father from an early age. Gulshan Kumar was a devoted worshiper of Shiva and especially Vaishno Devi. He sung many religious and traditional songs in favour of almost all major deities in Hinduism. Due to traditional faith, love and respect towards Vaishno Devi, he ran a free"
},
{
"title": "Gulshan Kumar",
"text": " of cost meal assistance service in which free meals are offered as \" 'Prasad\"' to all the devotees visiting Vaishno Devi Temple. It was first started in 1983 at \"Baan Ganga\" location which is situated in between of the Vaishno Devi Temple's pilgrimage. Even after his demise in 1997, the service still continues till today and is widely revered all across India. His son Bhushan Kumar now manages the service. Dua changed career paths when his family acquired a shop selling records and inexpensive audio cassettes, which foreshadowed the onset of a vast music empire.</s><s>Music business and film career. Gulshan Kumar started his own audio cassette operation known as \"Super Cassettes Industries,\" which turned in to a profitable business. He began a music production company in Noida. As his business started growing, he moved to Mumbai. His first movie in Bollywood was \"Lal Dupatta Malmal Ka\" in 1989. Next was the big hit \"Aashiqui\" in 1990 which is remembered for its music by Nadeem–Shravan. His other movies included \"Bahaar Aane Tak\", \"Dil Hai Ke Manta Nahin\", \"Ayee Milan Ki Raat\", \"Me"
},
{
"title": "Gulshan Kumar",
"text": "era Ka Mohan\", \"Jeena Marna Tere Sang\" and Bewafa Sanam.</s><s>Music business and film career.:T-Series music label. T-Series emerged as one of the top music labels in India with the release of \"Aashiqui\" in 1990. In the early 1990s T-Series was largely responsible for sparking a boom for the Indian music industry. With its music and film production, the annual earnings of T-Series grew from () in 1985 to () in 1991, and by the time of Gulshan Kumar's death in 1997, had reached (). It continues to be a major label. and controls more than 60% share of the Indian music market. In international market, T-Series enjoys a turnover in excess of $4.2 million, and exports to 24 countries across six continents. In India, it has the largest distribution network of over 2500 dealers.</s><s>Death. Gulshan Kumar Dua died in a shooting outside the Jeeteshwar Mahadev Mandir, a Hindu mandir dedicated to Lord Shiva of which he attended daily in Jeet Nagar, Andheri West suburb of Mumbai, on 12 August 1997. He was shot 16 times. On the day"
},
{
"title": "Gulshan Kumar",
"text": " of the assassination, his bodyguard, provided by the Uttar Pradesh government, was sick. Although he had received two threatening calls, on 5 and 8 August 1997, Kumar refused to pay the extortion money. The hired killers, including Rauf and Abdul Rashid, conducted reconnaissance for a month, but did not proceed because of the armed bodyguard. At 10.40 am, while returning from the temple, he was confronted by one of the assassins who said: \"Bahut puja kar li, ab upar ja ke karna (you have done enough puja (prayer), now do it up there).\" Initially, Kumar survived and sought shelter in nearby huts, but residents shut their doors. His driver Suraj was shot in both legs as he tried to shelter Kumar. A Mumbai underworld organisation called D-Company is considered to have been responsible for this assassination. The police also accused film composer Nadeem Saifi of the music duo Nadeem-Shravan of having paid for the murder due to a personal dispute and fled the country after the murder. However, on 9 January 2001, Abdul Rauf Merchant (known as \"Raja\") confessed to being the murderer. On 29 April 2002, Sessions Judge M. L"
},
{
"title": "Gulshan Kumar",
"text": ". Tahilyani sentenced Rauf to life imprisonment, stating that he was not imposing the death penalty because the prosecution had failed to prove that Rauf was a contract killer. The police alleged that Saifi paid Abu Salem, a known associate of Dawood Ibrahim, to assassinate Dua and assigned Rauf to the job, but it just so happened that Ibrahim and Abu Salem were already planning on murdering Dua as he had refused to pay protection money to D-Company as part of an extortion attempt. As per his family's wishes, Gulshan Kumar Dua was cremated in a \"shamshan\" (cremation ground) in Delhi. Abdul Rauf alias Daud Merchant was convicted in 2002 for the murder of Gulshan Kumar. He fled India after he was granted furlough by the Bombay high court in 2009. He was extradited from Bangladesh in 2016. He is currently in the high-security Arthur Road jail in Mumbai.</s><s>Legacy. T-Series is still running and operated and has a widespread base across India. In 2017, T-Series announced plans to produce a biographical film about Kumar titled \"Mogul – The Gulshan Kumar Story\".</s><s>See also. - Music"
},
{
"title": "Gulshan Kumar",
"text": " of Bollywood</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Gulshan Kumar",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Asia/Pacific"
}
|
factscore-000376
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Takuma Asano.
|
[
{
"title": "Takuma Asano",
"text": "<s>Takuma Asano His younger brother Yuya is also a professional footballer currently playing for J1 League side Sanfrecce Hiroshima.</s><s>Club career.</s><s>Club career.:Sanfrecce Hiroshima. After attending Yokkaichi Chuo Technical High School, Asano joined Sanfrecce Hiroshima at the age of 18 in January 2013. He went on to win the J1 League in his debut season, making one appearance in the process. Asano went on to win the Japanese Super Cup in 2014, while starting to break into the squad for the J1 League. He helped the side lift the league title for a second time in 2015, this time adding nine goals in 34 appearances. Due to his performances, Asano was named the J1 League Rookie of the Year.</s><s>Club career.:Arsenal. On 3 July 2016, Asano was announced as Arsenal's second signing of the season, subject to a medical and international clearance. Manager Arsène Wenger described him as \"a talented young striker and very much one for the future\". However, Asano was refused a work permit to play in the Premier League.</s><s>Club career.:Arsenal.:Loan to VfB Stuttgart. On 26 August 2016, Asano"
},
{
"title": "Takuma Asano",
"text": " was loaned out to VfB Stuttgart until the end of the season with an option for a further year. He made his debut in a 2–1 home loss to 1. FC Heidenheim two weeks later. On 9 April 2017, Asano scored a brace to give his side a 2–0 win over Karlsruher SC. He helped the team win the 2. Bundesliga and take promotion to the top flight. On 22 June 2017, the loan deal with Stuttgart was extended for another season.</s><s>Club career.:Arsenal.:Loan to Hannover 96. On 23 May 2018, Asano was sent on season-long loan to Bundesliga side Hannover 96.</s><s>Club career.:Partizan. On 1 August 2019, Asano completed his move to Serbian club Partizan. He signed a three-year contract and was given the number 11 shirt, while becoming the first Japanese player in club history. Asano scored on his debut in an eventual 3–1 home win over Turkish club Yeni Malatyaspor in the first leg of the Europa League third qualifying round. He entered the field at the beginning of the second half instead of Filip Stevanović and scored his first goal for the club"
},
{
"title": "Takuma Asano",
"text": " in the 67th minute. Partizan eliminated Yeni Malatyaspor and then the Norwegian Molde, thus qualifying for the Group L of the Europa League, with Manchester United, AZ Alkmaar and Astana as their opponents. Asano played in all European matches for Partizan this season and was also the scorer in the draw with AZ in Alkmaar (2–2) and in the victory over Astana (4–1) in Belgrade. Partizan finished on second place in the Serbian SuperLiga, behind Red Star, and Asano scored four goals in 23 league games. He also appeared in four games in the Serbian Cup, scoring two goals, both in the quarter-final match against Radnik Surdulica. However, Partizan did not manage to win the trophy in the Cup, as they were defeated by Vojvodina in the final game after a penalty shoot-out. In the 2020/21 season Partizan did not qualify for the group stage of the Europa League. After eliminating the Latvian RFS and the Romanian Sfîntul Gheorghe, the club was defeated by the Belgian Charleroi in the third round. Asano appeared"
},
{
"title": "Takuma Asano",
"text": " in all three European matches (only played one match each due to the pandemic), did not score a goal but recorded an assist to Seydouba Soumah for the only goal in the 2–1 away defeat against Charleroi after extra time. Having scored 18 goals in 33 league matches for Partizan in the ongoing championship, Asano announced on 2 May 2021 that he had rescinded his contract with the club.</s><s>Club career.:VfL Bochum. On 23 June 2021, VfL Bochum 1848 announced the club have signed Asano who was on free agent.</s><s>International career.</s><s>International career.:Youth. At youth level, Asano won a gold medal at the 2016 AFC U-23 Championship, scoring a brace against South Korea to give his side a 3–2 win in the final. He also represented Japan at the 2016 Summer Olympics, netting two goals in the tournament, as the team exited in the group stage.</s><s>International career.:Senior. On 7 May 2015, Asano was invited by Japan manager Vahid Halilhodžić for a two-day training camp. He was subsequently called up to the team for the upcoming 2015 EAFF East"
},
{
"title": "Takuma Asano",
"text": " Asian Cup. Asano scored his first goal for \"Samurai Blue\" in a 7–2 win over Bulgaria at the 2016 Kirin Cup. In March 2018, manager Vahid Halilhodžić left out Asano and Yosuke Ideguchi for friendly matches with Mali and Ukraine in preparations for the 2018 World Cup due to lack of playing time at club level, commenting, \"It makes me sad that Asano and Ideguchi are not playing. They were the heroes of our qualifying game against Australia. They haven't been chosen this time, and if things continue the way they are, there is a chance that they won't be chosen for the World Cup\". In May, Asano was named in Japan's preliminary squad for the World Cup, but failed to make the final cut. In his first match in the 2022 World Cup, Asano scored a goal in the 83rd minute to give Japan an upset victory over Germany.</s><s>Career statistics.</s><s>Career statistics.:Club.</s><s>Career statistics.:International.</s><s>Honours. Sanfrecce Hiroshima - J1 League: 2013, 2015 - Japanese Super Cup: 2013, 2014, 2016 VfB Stuttgart - 2. Bundesliga: 2016–"
},
{
"title": "Takuma Asano",
"text": "17 Japan' - AFC U-23 Championship: 2016 Individual - J.League Rookie of the Year: 2015 - Japan Pro-Footballers Association awards: Best XI (2022)</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Takuma Asano",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Asia/Pacific"
}
|
factscore-000377
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Rosé (singer).
|
[
{
"title": "Rosé (singer)",
"text": "<s>Rosé (singer) Roseanne Park (born 11 February 1997), known mononymously as Rosé (), is a Korean-New Zealand singer and dancer based in South Korea. Born in New Zealand and raised in Australia, Rosé signed with South Korean label YG Entertainment following a successful audition in 2012 and trained for four years before debuting as a member of the girl group Blackpink in August 2016. In March 2021, Rosé made her solo debut with her single album \"R\". The album sold 448,089 copies in its first week, the highest for a Korean female soloist. Its lead single \"On the Ground\" was a commercial success, peaking in the top five domestically and becoming the highest-charting song by a Korean female soloist on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, the ARIA Singles Chart and the UK Singles Chart. It was the first song by a Korean solo artist to top the \"Billboard\" Global 200 and earned Rosé two Guinness World Records. The album's second single \"Gone\" peaked in the top ten in South Korea as well.</s><s>Life and career.</s><s>Life and career.:1997–2012: Early life. Roseanne Park (; \"Park Chae"
},
{
"title": "Rosé (singer)",
"text": "-young\") was born on 11 February 1997 in Auckland, New Zealand, to South Korean immigrant parents. She has an older sister. In 2004, at the age of seven, Rosé and her family moved to Melbourne, Australia. She began singing and learned to play guitar and piano as a child and performed in church choirs. She attended Kew East Primary School, and Canterbury Girls' Secondary College but dropped out before Year 11, after signing with South Korean record label YG Entertainment.</s><s>Life and career.:2012–2015: Pre-debut. In 2012, Rosé attended an audition in Sydney, Australia for YG Entertainment (whose label's music she already liked) at her father's suggestion, she finished first among the 700 participants. She had initially presumed her father's idea was a joke due to the distance and difficulty of becoming a singer overseas, and \"she didn't think that there was much of a chance [...] to become a K-pop star [herself].\" Two months later, she had signed with the label as a trainee, and moved to Seoul, South Korea. The same year, Rosé was given an opportunity to feature on labelmate G-Dragon's song \"Without You\" from his extended play (EP) \""
},
{
"title": "Rosé (singer)",
"text": "One of a Kind\" (2012). Her name was not publicised at the time of release, her credit revealed only following her announcement as a member of Blackpink. The song peaked at number ten on South Korea's Gaon Music Chart and at number 15 on the \"Billboard Korea\" K-pop Hot 100.</s><s>Life and career.:2016–present: Debut with Blackpink and \"R\". Rosé trained at YG Entertainment for four years before she was revealed as the final member of the girl group Blackpink on 22 June 2016. The group debuted on 8 August 2016 with the single album \"Square One\", which featured the singles \"Whistle\" and \"Boombayah\". Rosé appeared on a variety of broadcast programs, such as \"King of Masked Singer\". Her vocal performance on the show was met with warm reception by the audience, to which Rosé commented that she \"didn't know if the audience would like [her] singing\" and that she felt \"happy and relieved\" at the positive result. She later appeared as a performer on the second season of \"Fantastic Duo\". The show's production staff stated that her appearance was intended to \"reveal Rosé's vocal appeal, which is different"
},
{
"title": "Rosé (singer)",
"text": " from Blackpink\". On 1 June 2020, it was announced that Rosé would debut as a solo artist following the release of Blackpink's first Korean language full-length album. On 30 December 2020, in an interview with South Korean media outlet \"Osen\", her label revealed that filming for her debut music video would begin in mid-January 2021. On 26 January 2021, a promotional teaser of Rosé's solo debut was released, revealing that a preview of her solo debut would be revealed through \"Blackpink Livestream Concert: The Show\" on 31 January 2021. Rosé's debut single album, titled \"R\", was released on 12 March 2021. With 41.6 million views in 24 hours of the music video for the lead single \"On the Ground\", she broke the almost eight-year record held by former labelmate Psy's \"Gentleman\" for the most viewed music video by a Korean soloist in 24 hours. \"On the Ground\" peaked at number 70 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, becoming the highest-charting song by a Korean female soloist in the US. The song also debuted and peaked at number one on both the Global 200 and Global Excl. U.S. charts, the first"
},
{
"title": "Rosé (singer)",
"text": " song by a Korean solo artist to do so. \"R\" also set the record for the highest first-week sales by a Korean female soloist, with 448,089 copies sold. On 24 March, Rosé received her first-ever music show win as a soloist with her single \"On the Ground\" on South Korean cable music program \"Show Champion\" and would go on to win five more. On 5 April, the music video for Rosé's song \"Gone\" was released. \"Hard to Love\", a pop-disco solo sung by Rosé, is featured as the fifth track of Blackpink's second studio album \"Born Pink\", which was released on 16 September 2022.</s><s>Artistry.</s><s>Artistry.:Influences and voice. In a radio interview, Rosé cited labelmate Taeyang of Big Bang as a role model in her musical career. She also named American singer Tori Kelly as an inspiration towards her musical style. Since her debut with Blackpink, Rosé's voice has received acknowledgement in the K-pop industry for its distinct vocal timbre and is nicknamed \"the golden voice\" amongst fans. Following Rosé's performance on \"Fantastic Duo 2\", South Korean singer G"
},
{
"title": "Rosé (singer)",
"text": "ummy, whom Rosé cited as a musical role model, complimented Rosé's voice for being \"so unique\" and describing it as \"the [type of] voice young people love\".</s><s>Other ventures.</s><s>Other ventures.:Fashion and endorsements. In 2018, Rosé and fellow Blackpink member Jisoo were selected as endorsement models for the Korean cosmetics brand Kiss Me. In October 2019, Rosé was revealed as a promotional model for the Perfect World Entertainment's MMORPG \"Perfect World Mobile\". In August 2021, Rosé became a model for Korean unisex casual brand \"5252 BY OIOI\" and contemporary brand \"OIOICOLLECTION\". In December 2021, she announced her collaboration with the mediation and sleep app Calm, featuring her own bedtime story titled \"Grounded With Rosé\". In February 2022, alongside actor Yeo Jin-goo, Rosé was selected as one of the models for Korean retail store Homeplus for the brand's 25th anniversary promotions. In August 2022, Rosé became a model for skincare brand Sulwhasoo's #SulwhasooRebloom campaign. In July 2020, Rosé was named the global ambassador for Yves Saint Laurent by creative director"
},
{
"title": "Rosé (singer)",
"text": " Anthony Vaccarello, its first global ambassador in 59 years. She was the global face of Saint Laurent's Fall 2020 campaign. In January 2021, Rosé became the muse for luxury cosmetics brand Yves Saint Laurent Beauté. In September 2021, Rosé attended the Met Gala, a fundraising event held annually at the Metropolitan Museum of Art Costume Institute in New York City, as Vaccarello's guest. As a result, she, alongside rapper CL, became the first female K-pop idols to attend the event. In April 2021, Rosé became Tiffany & Co's global ambassador and starred in its 2021 Tiffany HardWear digital campaign. She stated, \"I’ve always loved wearing Tiffany jewelry. To be part of an iconic brand that has been part of my life for a long time makes it that much more special to me. I am very honoured and excited to be a part of the HardWear campaign and I can't wait for everyone to see it.\" In March 2022, Rosé became the face of 2022 Tiffany HardWear campaign. She was photographed by Mario Sorrenti wearing a new necklace, bracelet, and full pavé diamond pieces.</s><s>Other ventures.:Philanthropy. During the 2019–20 Australian bushfire season"
},
{
"title": "Rosé (singer)",
"text": ", Rosé posted on Instagram urging fans to support relief efforts, providing links to organisations that accepted donations and explaining, \"We can make a difference if we all join in. Please help to save my home country\".</s><s>Impact and influence. As of March 2023, Rosé is among the top 10 most-followed Korean individuals on Instagram, with over 69 million followers. Since 2018, she has appeared on the Korean Business Research Institute's female celebrity brand reputation list, a chart that tracks Korean celebrities with the most online searches and engagements, and previously reached the top 10. Rosé helped the Yves Saint Laurent's Women's Summer 21 collection showcase earn 27.3 million views on YouTube, 11 million views on Instagram and Facebook, and 30.6 million views on Weibo in one day. The video of Saint Laurent's 2021 Spring/Summer collection reached 100 million views after Rosé was featured in the video. Rosé's impact extends to other artists in the music industry as well. On 10 February 2023, she released a cover of Stephen Sanchez's \"Until I Found You\" in honour of her birthday. The cover peaked at number one on \"Billboard\"s Hot Trending Songs chart, and the original version concurrently rose 8% in U"
},
{
"title": "Rosé (singer)",
"text": ".S. streams during the same week.</s><s>Discography.</s><s>Discography.:Composition credits. All song credits are adapted from the Korea Music Copyright Association's database, unless otherwise noted.</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Rosé (singer)",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Asia/Pacific"
}
|
factscore-000378
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Jemima Goldsmith.
|
[
{
"title": "Jemima Goldsmith",
"text": "<s>Jemima Goldsmith Jemima Marcelle Goldsmith (born 30 January 1974; known as Jemima Khan for work) is an English screenwriter, television, film and documentary producer and the founder of Instinct Productions, a television production company. She was formerly a journalist and associate editor of \"The New Statesman\", a British political and cultural magazine, and served as the European editor-at-large for the American magazine \"Vanity Fair\".</s><s>Early life and education. Born at Chelsea and Westminster Hospital in London, Goldsmith is the eldest child of Lady Annabel Vane-Tempest-Stewart and financier Sir James Goldsmith (1933–1997). Her mother, from an aristocratic Anglo−Irish family, is the daughter of the 8th Marquess of Londonderry. Goldsmith's father was the son of a luxury hotel tycoon and former Conservative Member of Parliament (MP), Major Frank Goldsmith, who was a member of the Goldsmith family of German−Jewish descent. Her paternal grandmother was French. Goldsmith's parents were married to different partners at the time of her birth, but they married each other in 1978 in order to legitimize their children. She has two younger brothers, Zac Goldsmith and"
},
{
"title": "Jemima Goldsmith",
"text": " Ben Goldsmith, and five paternal and three maternal half-siblings, including Robin Birley and India Jane Birley. Goldsmith grew up at Ormeley Lodge and attended the Old Vicarage preparatory school, then Francis Holland Girls School. From age 10 to 17, she was an equestrian in London. In 1993, Goldsmith enrolled at the University of Bristol and studied English, but she dropped out when she married Imran Khan in 1995. She eventually completed her bachelor's degree in March 2002 with upper second-class honours. She later studied at the School of Oriental and African Studies and was awarded a master of arts degree in Middle Eastern Studies, focusing on Modern Trends in Islam, from the University of London in 2003.</s><s>Film, television and theatre. In 2015, Jemima Khan founded Instinct Productions, a London-based content company specializing in television, documentaries and film with former Princess Productions managing director, Henrietta Conrad. Through Instinct Productions, Khan was the executive producer for the Emmy-nominated six-part documentary series \"The Clinton Affair\", alongside Alex Gibney and Emmy-winning director Blair Foster, for the A&E Network. She was the executive producer of Emmy-nominated \"The Case Against Adnan Sy"
},
{
"title": "Jemima Goldsmith",
"text": "ed\", a TV documentary series for Sky Atlantic and HBO about the Adnan Syed case, which inspired the popular 'Serial' podcast which Academy Award nominee Amy Berg (\"Deliver Us from Evil\") directed. She was a producer on the Golden Globes and Emmy nominated, Ryan Patrick Murphy's FX \"American Crime Story\" Season Three, a 10 part drama series about the Clinton–Lewinsky scandal. Khan wrote and produced \"What's Love Got to Do with It?\", a cross-cultural romantic comedy for Working Title Films and Studio Canal, starring Lily James and Emma Thompson which premiered at the 2022 Toronto Film Festival and won Best Comedy at the 2022 Rome Film Festival and is released in February 2023. Previously, she was the executive producer for the BAFTA nominated documentary film \"\" by Alex Gibney, released in 2013. She was also the co-executive producer for the documentary films \"Unmanned: America's Drone Wars\" (released in 2013) and \"Making A Killing: Guns, Greed and the NRA\" (released in 2016), both directed by Robert Greenwald.She co-produced the play \"Drones, Baby, Drones\" at the Arcola Theatre, directed by Nicolas Kent and Mehmet Ergen, that premiered in November 2016."
},
{
"title": "Jemima Goldsmith",
"text": " Khan is also the executive producer of a TV drama series about the Rothschild banking dynasty written by Julian Fellowes. She was also a contributor to the fifth season of the historical drama series \"The Crown\", which would depict the final years of Diana, Princess of Wales; however, she asked for her contributions to be removed as she felt the \"storyline would not necessarily be told as respectfully or compassionately\" as she had hoped.</s><s>Journalism career. Although Goldsmith had written articles when she lived in Pakistan, she started contributing op-eds to the United Kingdom's newspapers and magazines including \"The Independent\", \"The Sunday Times\", \"The Evening Standard\" and \"The Observer\". In 2008, she was granted an exclusive interview with Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf on the eve of the elections for \"The Independent\". She was a \"Sunday Telegraph\" columnist from 21 October 2007 to 27 January 2008. She was a feature writer and a contributing editor for British Vogue from 2008 to 2011. In 2011, she was appointed \"Vanity Fair\"'s new European editor-at-large. She was also associate editor at \"The Independent\".{{Cite news|last=Khan|first=Jemima|title=Jemima Khan appointed Associate Editor"
},
{
"title": "Jemima Goldsmith",
"text": " of The Independent and i|work=The Independent|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/i/jemima-khan-appointed-associate-editor-of-the-independent-and-i-2294724.html In April 2011, she guest-edited the \"New Statesman\" and themed the issue around freedom of speech. She interviewed the deputy prime minister Nick Clegg and included contributions from Russell Brand, Tim Robbins, Simon Pegg, Oliver Stone, Tony Benn, and Julian Assange, with cover art by Anish Kapoor and Damien Hirst. According to Nick Cohen in \"The Observer\", \"Jemima Khan was by a country mile the best editor of the \"New Statesman\" that the journal has had since the mid-1970s\". The magazine issue included \"an unexpected scoop\" from Hugh Grant who went undercover to hack Paul McMullan, a former \"News of the World\" journalist, who had been involved in hacking as a reporter. In November 2011, she joined as an associate editor of the \"New Statesman\".</s><s>Fashion. In 1998, Goldsmith launched an eponymous fashion label that employed poor Pakistani women to embroider western clothes with eastern handiwork to be"
},
{
"title": "Jemima Goldsmith",
"text": " sold in London and New York. Profits were donated to her then husband's Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital. She ran the organisation until December 2001, when she shut down the business due to the economic situation following the September 11 attacks, and so she could focus on fundraising and on supporting her husband in Pakistani politics. In 2008, she modelled the relaunched \"Azzaro Couture\" fragrance and was a guest co-designer of a Spring 2009 collection for Azzaro, with her fee reportedly donated to UNICEF. As voted by \"Daily Telegraph\" readers, she won the Rover People's Award for the best dressed female celebrity at the 2001 British Fashion Awards. She was also featured on \"Vanity Fair\"'s Annual International Best-Dressed List in 2004, 2005 and 2007, the last of which she was inducted into their Best Dressed Hall of Fame.</s><s>Philanthropy. During her marriage, Goldsmith established the Jemima Khan Afghan Refugee Appeal to provide tents, clothing, food, and healthcare for Afghan refugees at Jalozai camp in Peshawar. She became an Ambassador for UNICEF UK in 2001, and made field trips to Kenya, Romania, Bangladesh, Afghanistan and Pakistan, the last of"
},
{
"title": "Jemima Goldsmith",
"text": " which she later helped victims of the 2005 Kashmir earthquake by raising emergency funds. She has promoted UNICEF's Breastfeeding Manifesto, Growing Up Alone and End Child Exploitation campaigns in the UK. In 2003, she visited Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon, Jordan, the West Bank and Gaza to promote the charity Hope and Optimism for Palestinians in the Next Generation (HOPING). She also supports the Soil Association and the HOPING foundation for Palestinian refugee children.</s><s>Politics and social action. In addition to her charitable work, Goldsmith campaigns for various social and political causes. She has campaigned against the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan as well as for freedom of information; she attended Assange's extradition hearings and gave a speech at the Stop the War Coalition's rally in defence of Wikileaks alongside Tony Benn and Tariq Ali. Along with John Pilger and Ken Loach, she was part of the six-member group in Westminster Magistrates Court willing to post bail for Julian Assange when he was arrested in London on 7 December 2010. However, she later changed her mind about Assange, questioning his unwillingness to answer the sexual misconduct allegations which led to his arrest and what she described as his demand for \"cultish devotion\" from his supporters. In 2014, she"
},
{
"title": "Jemima Goldsmith",
"text": " publicly backed the Hacked Off campaign group which advocates reform of British press regulation. In August 2014, she was one of 200 public figures who were signatories to a letter to \"The Guardian\" opposing Scottish independence in the run-up to September's referendum on that issue. On 3 November 2018, Goldsmith criticised the fact that the Government of Pakistan was considering putting the Christian woman, Asia Bibi, on the exit control list despite the fact that she was acquitted by the Supreme Court, in order to compromise with the Islamist political party Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan.</s><s>Personal life. In 1995, Goldsmith married Imran Khan, a retired cricketer (who would later go on to serve as the 22nd Prime Minister of Pakistan from 2018 to 2022), with whom she had two sons. The couple divorced in 2004. Goldsmith was a close friend of Diana, Princess of Wales, who visited her in Lahore in 1996. On 29 December 2000, Goldsmith and her family were on a British Airways jet to Kenya which was temporarily knocked off course and dived thousands of feet after a mentally ill passenger tried to seize controls in the cockpit. Her mother later said, \"Jemima was frightened of flying even before the incident; she's"
},
{
"title": "Jemima Goldsmith",
"text": " petrified [now]\". In 2002, she was listed at number 18 with £20 million on the \"Evening Standard's\" young millionaires list. Following her divorce in 2004, she returned to London and later became involved in a romantic relationship with Hugh Grant. A 2005 article in the \"Evening Standard\" noted that \"Jemima's profile\" changed from \"high during her first marriage\" to \"soaring since she became involved with Hugh Grant\". Her relationship was scrutinised extensively by the tabloids, but a 2005 survey of London visitors favoured them as \"the celebrity couple people would most like to show them round London\". In February 2007, Grant announced that the couple had \"decided to split amicably\". Grant's spokesman added that he \"has nothing but positive things to say about Jemima.\" In September 2013, \"The Daily Telegraph\" reported that she was dating British activist and actor Russell Brand. In September 2014, she and Brand separated.</s><s>Personal life.:Marriage to Imran Khan. On 16 May 1995, Goldsmith and Imran Khan were married in a Nikah ceremony in Paris. They also had a civil ceremony on 21 June 1995 at the Richmond Register Office, followed by a midsummer ball at Ormeley Lodge. A few"
},
{
"title": "Jemima Goldsmith",
"text": " months before her wedding, she converted to Islam, citing the writings of Muhammad Asad, Charles le Gai Eaton and Alija Izetbegović as her influences. After her marriage to Khan, she relocated to his hometown, Lahore, Pakistan, where she learned to speak Urdu and also wore traditional Pakistani clothes. She wrote in a 2008 article for \"The Times\" that she \"over-conformed in [her] eagerness to be accepted\" into the \"new and radically different culture\" of Pakistan. Goldsmith stated that prior to her conversion to Islam she was technically Anglican but \"was made familiar with Jewish traditions\", since her paternal grandfather Frank Goldsmith was German Jewish. During her marriage, her Jewish heritage was used by Khan's political opponents to question their credibility in Pakistani politics, especially concerning accusations that they supported the Jewish lobby. Goldsmith has two sons from her marriage to Khan: Sulaiman Isa (born 1996) and Kasim (born 1999). In 1999, she was charged in Pakistan with illegally exporting Islamic era antique tiles. She said that the charge was a fabrication to harass and damage her husband, but nevertheless left Pakistan to stay with her mother for fear of incarceration. After General Pervez Musharraf overthrew elected Prime Minister"
},
{
"title": "Jemima Goldsmith",
"text": " Nawaz Sharif in a coup d'état in 1999, the Ministry of Culture and Archaeology verified the tiles were not antiques, and the court dropped the charges, allowing her to return to Lahore. Goldsmith supported her husband as he became more involved in his Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf party. On 22 June 2004, it was announced that the couple had divorced ending the nine-year marriage because it was \"difficult for Jemima to adapt to the political life of Imran Khan in Pakistan\". The marriage ended amicably. Khan has said the six months leading to the divorce and the six months after were the hardest year of his life. After the divorce, Goldsmith returned to Britain with the former couple's two sons. According to the divorce settlement, Khan's boys visit him in Pakistan during their school holidays, and when he comes to London to see them he stays with his former mother-in-law, Lady Annabel Goldsmith. According to Jemima Goldsmith, she and Khan remain on good terms. While she was married, she was described as being shy, but also modest, stylish and levelheaded. Goldsmith retained \"Khan\" as her family name until December 2014, when Imran Khan married news anchor Reham Khan"
},
{
"title": "Jemima Goldsmith",
"text": ", but she has continued to be credited as Jemima Khan on work projects.</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Jemima Goldsmith",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Asia/Pacific"
}
|
factscore-000379
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Suthida.
|
[
{
"title": "Suthida",
"text": "<s>Suthida Suthida Bajrasudhabimalalakshana (,, ), born Suthida Tidjai (; 3 June 1978), is Queen of Thailand as the fourth wife of King Vajiralongkorn. Before their marriage, she was a flight attendant. After joining the Thai military, she was promoted to King’s bodyguard.</s><s>Early life and education. Suthida was born on 3 June 1978 to the Tidjai family, Kham (father) and Jangheang (mother). She is ethnically Hokkien, coming from a Thai Chinese family. She graduated from Hatyaiwittayalai Somboonkulkanya Middle School and Assumption University with a bachelor's degree in communication arts in 2000. Suthida was formerly a flight attendant for JALways – a Japan Airlines' subsidiary – from 2000 to 2003 and later Thai Airways International in 2003 until 2008.</s><s>Crown Prince's guard. Suthida was appointed commander of Crown Prince Vajiralongkorn's household guard in August 2014. As early as 2010, Suthida was linked romantically to the crown prince, who was then still married to Srirasmi Suwadee. In"
},
{
"title": "Suthida",
"text": " October 2016, international media reports labeled her as the designated king's \"consort\", despite the palace never officially declaring their relationship. On 13 October 2017, she was named a Dame Grand Cross (First Class) of The Most Illustrious Order of Chula Chom Klao, which bestows the title Than Phu Ying (). She is the first female officer to receive this honour since 2004 and the first in the reign of King Rama X.</s><s>Royal Thai Army service. On 1 December 2016, she was appointed Commander of the Special Operations Unit of the King's Guard and promoted to the rank of general. She reached her present rank after only six years of service. She has successfully completed several military training courses. On 1 June 2017, she was appointed as acting commander of Royal Thai Aide-de-camp Department following the reorganization of the Royal Security Command.</s><s>Queen consort. On 1 May 2019, Suthida was made Queen of Thailand of King Vajiralongkorn whose coronation took place in Bangkok on 4–6 May 2019. The marriage registration took place at the Amphorn Sathan Residential Hall in Bangkok, with her sister-in-law Princess Sirindhorn and President of Privy Council Prem Tinsulanonda"
},
{
"title": "Suthida",
"text": " as witnesses.</s><s>Title, styles, honours and awards. - Since 4 May 2019: \"Her Majesty\" Queen Suthida Bajarasudha Bimollaksana (สมเด็จพระนางเจ้าสุทิดา พัชรสุธาพิมลลักษณ พระบรมราชินี)</s><s>Title, styles, honours and awards.:Honours. - Dame of The Most Illustrious Order of the Royal House of Chakri - Dame of The Ancient and Auspicious Order of the Nine Gems - Dame Grand Cross (First Class) of The Most Illustrious Order of Chula Chom Klao - Dame Grand Cordon (Special Class) of The Most Exalted Order of the White Elephant - Dame Grand Cordon (Special Class) of The Most Noble Order of the Crown of Thailand - Royal Cypher Medal of King R"
},
{
"title": "Suthida",
"text": "ama IX - Royal Cypher Medal of King Rama X - Commemorative Medal on the Occasion of the 60th Birthday Anniversary of H.R.H. Prince Maha Vajiralongkorn - Commemorative Medal on the Occasion of the Coronation of H.M. King Rama X</s><s>Title, styles, honours and awards.:Military ranks. - 14 May 2010: Second Lieutenant - 14 November 2010: First Lieutenant - 1 April 2011: Captain - 1 October 2011: Major - 1 April 2012: Lieutenant Colonel - 1 October 2012: Colonel - 10 November 2013: Major-General - 26 August 2016: Lieutenant-General - 10 December 2016: General</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Suthida",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Asia/Pacific"
}
|
factscore-000380
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Uee.
|
[
{
"title": "Uee",
"text": "<s>Uee Kim Yu-jin (born April 9, 1988), better known by her stage name Uee (sometimes romanized as U-), is a South Korean singer and actress. She is best known for being a former member of South Korean girl group After School from 2009 to 2017, and has acted in various television dramas including \"Queen Seondeok\" (2009), \"Ojakgyo Family\" (2011), \"Jeon Woo-chi\" (2012), \"Golden Rainbow\" (2013), \"High Society\" (2015), \"Marriage Contract\" (2016), and \"My Only One\" (2018). On May 31, 2017, Uee graduated and left After School and its agency, Pledis Entertainment.</s><s>Early life. Kim Yu-jin was born April 9, 1988, in Daejeon, South Korea. Her father,, is a retired professional baseball player and former head coach for the South Korean teams, Nexen Heroes and SK Wyverns. She has an older sister, Kim Yu-na. Uee attended Guwol Girls' Middle School and Incheon Physical Education High School. While in high school, she was a swimmer and competed in the Korean National Sports Festival. She later graduated"
},
{
"title": "Uee",
"text": " from Sungkyunkwan University's School of Art, with a degree in Performing Arts.</s><s>Career.</s><s>Career.:2007–2008: Five Girls and career beginnings. Uee originally desired to be an actress and went to many auditions, but she debuted as a singer first. In 2007, Uee was a member of the girl group Five Girls () under Good Entertainment, which also included Yubin, Jun Hyoseong, Yang Jiwon, and G.NA. The group starred in a reality show on MTV called \"Diary of Five Girls\", but disbanded before their scheduled debut due to Good Entertainment's financial troubles. Before debuting, she was once a hot topic in South Korea. On May 30, 2008, while watching her father's baseball game in Mok-dong Stadium, she was caught by the camera. The announcer introduced her as the daughter of Coach Kim Sung-kap. The name \"'Mok-dong Girl\"' became number 1 in internet search terms. In August 2008, after appearing as Yubin's friend in the MBC show \"Introducing the Star's Friend\", she again became popular because of her friendship with the Wonder Girls member and her resemblance to Moon Geun-young"
},
{
"title": "Uee",
"text": ". She later joined Pledis Entertainment.</s><s>Career.:2009–2016: After School and acting career. In April 2009, Uee joined the girl group After School with their single \"Diva\". She became known for her \"honey thighs\" and proved popular with the general public, often topping online search rankings on various Korean websites. In July, she made her acting debut in MBC's historical drama, \"Queen Seondeok\", which was well received and won various awards. She was subsequently cast in SBS's musical drama \"You're Beautiful\", which started airing in October. Later that month, she joined the project group, 4Tomorrow, which consists Han Seung-yeon, Hyuna, and Gain; and released the single \"Dugeundugeun Tomorrow\" () on October 6, 2009. That same year, she joined the MBC's reality show \"We Got Married\" and was paired with Park Jae-jung. Uee ranked eighth on Forbes Korea's list of most hardworking idols in 2009–2010. Uee had lead roles in two television dramas in 2011. In \"Birdie Buddy\", she played a country girl who strives to become a professional golfer. The drama's director, Yun Sang-ho"
},
{
"title": "Uee",
"text": ", praised Uee's \"flawless acting\", saying, \"I believe actors from idol groups such as Uee and Luna improve more quickly because they have so much talent and passion\". In \"Ojakgyo Family\", Uee played a university student with a difficult family history. She earned praise for her natural acting and received Best New Actress awards at the Paeksang Arts Awards and KBS Drama Awards. Uee released her first solo single, \"Sok Sok Sok\" (), on June 21, 2011. She also co-hosted the variety show \"Night After Night\". In January 2012, Uee became a permanent host on the KBS music show, \"Music Bank\", along with Lee Jang-woo. She continued hosting the show until April 2013. From November 2012 to February 2013, she starred as princess Hong Mu-yeon in \"Jeon Woo-chi\", a historical drama set during the Joseon Dynasty. When she was cast for the role, Uee expressed her desire to be seen as a serious actor, saying \"I want to do away with the 'idol singer-turned-actor' in this piece and really step up my performance\". During the shoot, she was praised for her ability to immerse"
},
{
"title": "Uee",
"text": " herself in the character and give a detailed performance. Uee was a permanent cast member of SBS' survival variety show \"Barefooted Friends\" in 2013. During the show, she performed the song \"Hero\" at a special concert. The song was produced by Duble Sidekick and co-written by Uee, and subsequently released on the soundtrack album \"My Story, My Song\" on August 19. She had a lead role in the drama \"Golden Rainbow\", and received an Excellence Award at the 2013 MBC Drama Awards for the role. In mid-2014, Uee was a member of the survival variety show \"Law of the Jungle\", appearing in the Indian Ocean episodes. In April of that year, she told \"Ilgan Sports\" she had lost some of her passion for singing and dancing, and plans to further her acting career once she graduates from After School. In early 2015, Uee starred in tvN's romantic comedy \"Hogu's Love\", playing a national swimming champion. She was then cast in the SBS drama \"High Society\", playing a rich heiress who hides her identity in order to find true love. In an interview, Uee acknowledged that some viewers were disappointed with her performance, and she had \"never"
},
{
"title": "Uee",
"text": " been more criticized for poor acting\". In October 2015, Uee joined the variety show, \"Fists of Shaolin Temple\", where the cast members received martial arts training. Uee's next drama, MBC's \"Marriage Contract\", began airing on March 5, 2016. She played single mother with a terminal illness who enters into a contract marriage. In November, Uee starred in the MBC drama \"Night Light\" where she plays a poor woman who turns her life around with an opportunity.</s><s>Career.:2017–present: Focus on acting and other works. Uee's contract with Pledis Entertainment ended on May 31, 2017, therefore she graduated from After School. In June 2017, she signed with new management agency Yuleum Entertainment. She then starred alongside Kim Jae-joong in KBS's fantasy romance-comedy drama \"Manhole\". In 2018, Uee starred in the weekend dramas \"My Contracted Husband, Mr. Oh\" together with Kim Kang-woo; and \"My Only One\". In July 2019, it was confirmed that Uee signed an exclusive contract with King Entertainment. She was later picked as part of the cast for \"Cabin Crew Season 2\" in 2019. The show features four"
},
{
"title": "Uee",
"text": " celebrities challenging to experience the real work of flight attendants, from job interview to training. Season 2 ended early 2020. On June 12, 2020, Uee appeared as guest on the Korean variety show \"I Live Alone\". The show features single celebrities and their everyday lives, both in and out of their homes. At the same month, she also appeared as a guest in the show \"Dogs Are Incredible\" along with her dog, Mango. On August 1, she also appeared on another variety show \"Omniscient Interfering View\" along with her manager. The show observes the lives of celebrities and their managers. Uee also played as Han Ji-won in the 7th episode of \"SF8\" titled \"Love Virtually\" alongside Choi Si-won. The episode was aired on September 25, 2020. After her love for spicy foods was shown her recent \"I Live Alone\" appearance, she was selected as the official endorser for Samyang Food's 'Fire Chicken Sauce' Series. On October 23, 2020, Uee hosted the 2020 Live in DMZ Concert along with Super Junior's Leeteuk. The concert was held in Gyeonggi-do to commemorate the 2nd anniversary of the September 2018 Pyongyang Joint Declaration. The"
},
{
"title": "Uee",
"text": " concert was broadcast on October 24 via MBC. Uee currently hosts Glance TV's \"Last Fit with U-ie\", a fitness program showcasing beginner to advanced exercises that can be done at home while under quarantine. The first broadcast started in August via Naver TV. On February 8, 2021, it was reported that Uee had cut ties with King Entertainment. Following the report, the agency confirmed that their exclusive contract with the actress has expired. On March 29, 2021, it was announced that she had signed an exclusive contract with Lucky Company. On June 3rd, it was announced that Uee will star in the variety program called \"Spicy Girls\" along with Sunny, Kim Shin-young, and Choi Yoo-jung. In the same month, it was also reported that she will star in the upcoming drama \"Ghost Doctor\" alongside Rain and Kim Bum. The drama premiered in January 2022.</s><s>Personal life. In 2016, it was confirmed by Uee's representatives that she was dating fellow actor Lee Sang-yoon. The couple broke up after a year of dating. In July 2017, Uee confirmed that she was dating \"Law of the Jungle\" co-star Kangnam. This confirmation came after Korean website \"Dispatch"
},
{
"title": "Uee",
"text": "\" released photos of them on a date in \"Apgujeong\". Uee initially denied the rumors. After 3 months of dating, the couple announced that they had split up. Uee has been a target of hate and criticism since her debut, in particular with her weight and an alleged sponsorship she received from a large company. In 2018, her agency Yuleum Entertainment announced that they will take legal measures against the malicious and defamatory comments towards their talent. During her \"I Live Alone\" appearance, she revealed that rumors surrounding her weight caused her a lot of stress, leading her to eat only one meal a day for eight years. Since then she began to focus more on her health while getting back on track with her career.</s><s>Personal life.:Philanthropy. On April 8, 2022, Uee donated to international relief and development NGOs to fund hygiene products, such as sanity wear kits and sanitary pants coupons, alongside a monthly information brochure for 120 youths entering young women's homes across the country.</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Uee",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Asia/Pacific"
}
|
factscore-000381
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Mukesh (actor).
|
[
{
"title": "Mukesh (actor)",
"text": "<s>Mukesh (actor) Mukesh Madhavan (born 5 March 1957), known mononymously as Mukesh, is an Indian actor, film producer, television presenter, and politician who predominantly works in Malayalam cinema besides also having sporadically appeared in Tamil-language films. In a film career spanning four decades, he has acted in over 260 Malayalam films. His 1996 film \"Kaanaakkinaavu\" premiered at the IFFI and won the Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration. He co-produced \"Kadha Parayumbol\" (2007)\",\" which won the Kerala State Film Award for Best Film with Popular Appeal and Aesthetic Value. He also produced the 2012 film \"Thattathin Marayathu,\" which is considered one of the defining films of the Malayalam New Wave. He made his onscreen debut in the 1982 film \"Balloon\" in a minor role\".\" He continued to do minor roles and rose to secondary lead roles in the following years. He rose to stardom after playing the lead in the comedy thriller film \"Ramji Rao Speaking\" (1989). By the early-1990s, he established himself as a bankable"
},
{
"title": "Mukesh (actor)",
"text": " leading actor after starring in several successful comedy films in the early 1990's directed by Siddique-Lal. He continued to appear in successful comedy films throughout the 1990's, establishing himself as one of the major stars of the Malayalam film industry. Towards the 2000's he switched back to supporting roles. He was the chairman of the Kerala Sangeetha Nataka Academy. Mukesh is the current MLA representing the Kollam constituency of Kerala state.</s><s>Early and personal life. Mukesh was born to actors O. Madhavan and Vijayakumari, in Kollam, Kerala, India on 5 March 1957. He has two sisters, Sandhya Rajendran and Jayasree. Sandhya and her husband, E.A. Rajendran are also actors (stage and film). He attended Infant Jesus School, Tangasseri and pursued a bachelor's degree in science (B.Sc.) from Sree Narayana College in Kollam. He holds a second bachelor's degree in law (LLB) from Kerala Law Academy Law College, Thiruvananthapuram. He was active in stage dramas before he entered the film industry. He married South Indian film actress Saritha in 1988, and"
},
{
"title": "Mukesh (actor)",
"text": " they have two sons. After a lengthy separation, they divorced in 2011. Their elder son Shravan made his acting debut in the 2018 film \"Kalyanam.\" Mukesh married dance scholar Methil Devika on 24 October 2013. The couple filed for divorce in 2021. He was elected to the Kerala Legislative Assembly from Kollam constituency in the election of 2016.</s><s>Acting career.</s><s>Acting career.:1982–1989. Mukesh made his acting debut in 1982 with the film \"Balloon\". Later, that same year he landed his first leading role with the drama film \"Ithu Njangalude Katha,\" a remake of the Tamil-language film \"Palaivana Solai.\" The film was an average grosser, with the film's songs becoming chartbusters. In the mid-80's, he appeared in several comedy films directed by Priyadarshan, usually in supporting roles. His first film as solo hero came in 1985 with \"Mutharamkunnu P.O.\" Despite being an average grosser at the box office, the film has over the years attained a cult status. His first major commercial hit came with the 1985 film \"Boeing Boeing,\" directed by Priy"
},
{
"title": "Mukesh (actor)",
"text": "adarshan. He appeared in a supporting role in the film to Mohanlal. This was his first collaboration with Mohanlal. They would go on to star in several films in the late 1980's, usually starring Mohanlal in the lead role. Examples include \"Ninnishtam Ennishtam\" (1986)\", Adiverukal\" (1986), \"Hello My Dear Wrong Number\" (1986) and \"Mazha Peyyunnu Maddalam Kottunnu\" (1986). He also appeared in supporting roles to Mammootty in the late-80's with successful films like \"Thaniyavarthanam\" (1987), \"1921\" (1988) and \"Sangham\" (1988). In 1988, he appeared as Chacko in the cult investigative thriller \"Oru CBI Diary Kurippu.\" The character of Chacko has over the years attained a cult status. He reprised his role as Chacko in the CBI series sequels in 1989, 2004, 2005 and 2022. Then, in 1989, he starred in \"Ramji Rao Speaking,\" a blockbuster that ran for 200 days in theatres and went on to become the second highest grossing film of the"
},
{
"title": "Mukesh (actor)",
"text": " year. The film gave Mukesh his major break. \"Ramji Rao Speaking\" is considered by audiences and critics to be one of the best comedy films made in Malayalam cinema. The film still has a huge cult following. The film has been subject to many memes, with Mukesh's dialogue in the film \"Kambilipothappu\" becoming a catchphrase. He also starred alongside Mohanlal in \"Vandanam\" (1989), which is considered a cult classic in Malayalam cinema.</s><s>Acting career.:1990–1999. In the beginning of the 1990, he made an extended guest role in Priyadarshan's \"Akkare Akkare Akkare,\" which was the sequal to \"Patanapravesham\" (1989). After the success of \"Ramji Rao Speaking,\" he was offered many leading roles. The film \"Cheriya Lokavum Valiya Manushyarum\" was then released, which was a commercial success. Following the success of \"Cheriya Lokavum Valiya Manushyarum\" he again collaborated with Siddique-Lal for \"In Harihar Nagar,\" which is considered to be one of the defining films of"
},
{
"title": "Mukesh (actor)",
"text": " the Malayalam golden age of comedy. The film was a box office success, running for 100 days in theatres. The film established Mukesh as a bankable lead actor in the industry. The film has over the years accumulated a cult following and huge fan base, with many scenes from the film being used in memes and online trolls today. Following the success of \"In Harihar Nagar\", a series of unrelated low budget comedy films featuring the principal cast of the film were produced. These films usually starred Mukesh, Jagadeesh or Siddique in the lead roles. In 1990 he also formed a successful onscreen pairing with another rising star, Jayaram with successful films like \"Thoovalsparsham\", \"Marupuram\" and \"Malayogom.\" He also starred as solo hero in commercially successful films like \"Gajakesariyogam, Ottayal Pattalam\" and \"Champion Thomas\" in the same year. His role as a serial womanizer in \"Kouthugal Vaartakal\" boosted his popularity as a lead actor. He also made his Tamil debut that same year in \"Manaivi Oru Manickam.\" He then, in 1991 starred in the classic comedy film, \""
},
{
"title": "Mukesh (actor)",
"text": "Godfather\" directed by Siddique-Lal, another blockbuster, the film ran for 417 days at Sreekumar Theatre in Trivandrum. \"Godfather\" became the longest running film in Malayalam film industry. The film established him as one of the major stars of the Malayalam film industry. He then teamed up with director P. G. Vishwambaran, who had earlier directed him in \"Ithu Njangalude Katha\" (1982), in several successful films like \"Innathe Programme\" and \"Irrikku M. D. Akathundu. \"He then starred in the 1991 cult slapstick comedy film \"Mookilla Rajyathu,\" in which he played the role of a mental patient who escaped from a mental asylum. The film is widely regarded as a classic in Malayalam cinema. He starred in the critically acclaimed \"Kakkathollayiram\" in which he played the role of the brother to mentally ill woman. He also worked with Shaji Kailas in \"Souhrudam\" (1991), in which he starred alongside Urvashi, Sai Kumar and Parvathy. However, \"Souhrudam\" was a box"
},
{
"title": "Mukesh (actor)",
"text": "-office bomb. The next year, he starred alongside Jayaram in Kamal's \"Aayushkalam\" (1992), a super hit at the box office. This was the first in a set of successful collabs with director Kamal. They then teamed up for the romantic comedy \"Ennodishtam Koodamo,\" another super hit. He then starred in \"Makkal Maahathmiam,\" which was written by Siddique-Lal. He then played the role of a petty thief in \"Manyanmar.\" This was his first onscreen pairing with Sreenivasan. The following year, he starred in the Balachandra Menon directorial \"Ammayane Sathyam.\" The film was also a box office success, running for 100 days in theatres. The next year, he starred in \"Malappuram Haji Mahanaya Joji,\" another box office success. It ran for 125 days in theatres and was one of the highest grossers of the year. By the mid-1990's Mukesh got stuck in an image trap, usually of a young man behaving, or thought to be behaving fraudulently under pressure, such as a bribe taking policeman, a thief on the"
},
{
"title": "Mukesh (actor)",
"text": " run, or someone lying to impress his parents, or to get a job. The mid-1990's also signaled the end of the golden age of comedy. In 1995, most of his films were failures at the box office, sparring a few such as \"Sipayi Lahala\" and \"Mannar Mathai Speaking\" (the sequel to \"Ramji Rao Speaking\"). The consecutive failures of his films forced him move on to supporting roles. He appeared in a supporting role to Mammootty in the 1996 comedy-drama film \"Hitler\", directed by Siddique of the Siddique-Lal duo. \"Hitler\" became the highest-grossing Malayalam film at the time, and completed a 300-day theatrical run. It became the most viewed film in the history of Mollywood. He then starred in Sibi Malayil's 1996 film \"Kanakkinavu,\" which was screened at the Indian Panorama section of the IFFI and won the Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration. The film was also commercially successful. The next year, all of his films except for \"Kalyana Kacheri,\" bombed at the box office. The following year, he starred"
},
{
"title": "Mukesh (actor)",
"text": " in \"Mattupetti Machan,\" which was one of the highest grossers of the year and ran for 100 days in theatres. It was remade in Tamil as \"Banda Paramasivam\", in Hindi as \"Housefull 2\". He then made a cameo appearance as himself in the highly successful \"Sreekrishnapurathe Nakshathrathilakkam.\" 1999 was a successful year for Mukesh as he starred in two super-hits namely, \"Friends,\" which was the highest grosser of the year (He starred alongside Jayaram for the first time in 7 years and Sreenivasan) and alongside Divya Unni in the Vinayan directorial \"Aakasha Ganga,\" which was the fourth highest grossing film of the year.</s><s>Acting career.:Later career. In the 2000s and 2010s, he struggled to escape an image trap. Regardless, he came back with interesting supporting roles in \"Udayananu Tharam\", \"Goal\", \"Vinodayathra\", \"Boyy Friennd\", \"Kaiyoppu\", \"Naalu Pennungal\" and \"Katha Parayumbol\". He has been a part of many of Mohan"
},
{
"title": "Mukesh (actor)",
"text": "lal's comedies, most of them directed by Priyadarshan. He also ventured into production with Sreenivasan, their first movie, \"Katha Parayumbol\", featured a cameo by Mammootty. Mukesh was the host of a Malayalam version of \"Deal or No Deal\", which was aired on Surya TV. In 2007, Mukesh authored a book based on experiences while he was a student at college, and tales from his life as a movie actor. titled \"Mukesh Kathakal – Jeevithathiley Nerum Narmavum\". It proved very successful. He is now acting in Badai bungalow, a comedy and celebrity talk show hosted by Ramesh Pisharody, launched on Asianet from 2013.</s><s>Awards. - 2007 : Asianet Film Award for Best Film (Producer) – \"Kadha Parayumbol\" - 2007 : Filmfare Award for Best Film – Malayalam (Producer) – \"Kadha Parayumbol\" - 2007 : Kerala State Film Award for Best Film with Popular Appeal and Aesthetic Value-\"Kadha Parayumbol\" - 2011 : ISC Award - 2013 :"
},
{
"title": "Mukesh (actor)",
"text": " Kerala Film Critics Association Awards - Second Best Actor -, \"Vasanthathinte Kanal Vazhikalil\" - 2016 : Asianet Special Awards - Multifaceted personality of the year</s><s>Filmography.</s><s>Filmography.:As producer. - \"Katha Parayumbol\" (2007) - \"Thattathin Marayathu\" (2012)</s><s>Television career.</s><s>Television career.:Radio anchor. - \" Laksham Laksham Pinnale (2013) (Reality show-Super 94.7 fm)</s><s>Television career.:Theater performance. - Mukesh started Kalidasa Visual Magic for play productions. His first play \"Chayamukhi\" was in 2008 with Mohanlal and was written and directed by Prasanth Narayanan. He also appeared with his sister, Sandhya Rajendan and his wife Methil in the 2015 adaptation of \"Naaga\", directed by Suveeran.</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Mukesh (actor)",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Asia/Pacific"
}
|
factscore-000382
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Samir Kochhar.
|
[
{
"title": "Samir Kochhar",
"text": "<s>Samir Kochhar Samir Kochhar (born 23 May 1980) is an Indian actor and television presenter known for being the host of the pre-match Indian Premier League show, \"Extraaa Innings T20\". He currently stars in Netflix India's Sacred Games.</s><s>Career. Kochhar started his career with Doordarshan's AIDS awareness cum travel show \"Haath Se Haath Mila\" which he anchored with Sugandha Garg. He made his Bollywood film debut in 2003 with Sumeer Sabharwal's bilingual film \"Valentine Days\". Kochhar made his television debut with \"Dangerous\", a talk show on sex, which was broadcast on Zoom. He appeared as Rajat Kapur in the soap opera \"Bade Acche Lagte Hain\". In 2005, he appeared in Mohit Suri's \"Zeher\" (2005) and followed it with the thriller \"Jannat\" (2008), where he played a police inspector. Kochhar was part of \"Island City\" directed by Ruchika Oberoi, that received rave reviews at the Venice International Film Festival as well as the JIO MAMI Film Festival 2015 in Mumbai. He will also be seen in \"Mango Dreams\","
},
{
"title": "Samir Kochhar",
"text": " a feature film set in India, directed by American director John Unchurch. Kochhar is also part of the CCL (Celebrity Cricket League) team Mumbai Heroes. Kochhar had two commercial releases in 2016 - Sajid Nadiadwala's \"Housefull 3\" with Akshay Kumar & Mango Dreams and \"Hume Tumse Pyaar Kitna\" with Karanvir Bohra directed by Lalit Mohan which is set to release in 2018</s><s>Personal life. Kochhar married his longtime girlfriend Radhika on 9 January 2010. In April 2015, they became parents to a baby boy whom they named Kabir and a baby girl named Sara in October 2017.</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Samir Kochhar",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Asia/Pacific"
}
|
factscore-000383
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Maya Yoshida.
|
[
{
"title": "Maya Yoshida",
"text": "<s>Maya Yoshida</s><s>Club career.</s><s>Club career.:Nagoya Grampus. Born in Nagasaki, Japan, Yoshida began playing football at Nanling FC in his second year at elementary school. His older brother, Honami, played an important role in starting his football career when he searched on the internet for Nagoya Grampus's U-15 team and this led Yoshida to join the U-15 side. Once Yoshida has joined, Yoshida relocated to Nagoya to be close at Nagoya Grampus and attended Toyota High School. After spending five years at Nagoya Grampus Youth Academy, he was promoted to the first team in the 2007 season, having signed his first professional contract. Yoshida joined the club's first team training soon after and started out in a defensive midfielder when playing for Grampus's youth team, but was converted to a centre back. After spending months on the substitute bench, Yoshida finally made his debut for the club, coming on as a second-half substitute, in a 2–1 loss against Oita Trinita on 3 May 2007. Since then, he became a first team regular for the side, playing in the centre–back position. It wasn't until on"
},
{
"title": "Maya Yoshida",
"text": " 5 November 2007 when Yoshida scored his first Nagoya Grampus goal, in a 3–1 win against Thespa Kusatsu in the fourth round of the Emperor's Cup. At the end of the 2007 season, he went on to make twenty–four appearances and scoring once in all competitions. In the 2008 season, Yoshida began to feature in the starting line-up for most of the league matches with his Serbian teammate Miloš Bajalica. He started the season well when he helped the side go on an unbeaten with seven matches in all competitions. Yoshida continued to feature in the first team until he was called up to the Japan U23 squad in July. After Japan U23's elimination in the Summer Olympics, it wasn't until on 23 August 2008 when Yoshida returned to the starting line-up against Kashima Antlers and scored his first goal of the season, in a 2–1 win. Following this, he lost his first team place and was placed on the substitute bench for the next five matches, leading his playing time to be reduced. Yoshida's second goal then came on 2 November 2008 against FC Gifu in the fourth round of the Emperor's Cup and helped them win 1–0. By mid–October"
},
{
"title": "Maya Yoshida",
"text": ", he regained his first team place for the remaining matches of the season and helped the side finish third place in the league. For his performance, Yoshida was award Rookie of the Year at the 14th Aichi Toyota \"Grand Pass Rankle Award\". At the end of the 2008 season, he went on to make twenty–nine appearances and scoring two times in all competitions. At the start of the 2009 season, Yoshida switched number shirt to four. He scored Nagoya Grampus's historical first goal in the AFC Champions League in the game against Ulsan Hyundai Horang-i on 10 March 2009. Yoshida continued to regain his first team place for the side, playing in the centre–back position. A month later on 26 April 2009, he scored his second goal of the season, in a 2–1 win against Yokohama F. Marinos. However, Yoshida suffered a calf injury that saw him sidelined for two weeks. Yoshida made his first team return on 18 July 2009 and started the whole game, in a 1–1 draw against Kyoto Sanga. He scored his third goal of the season, in a 2–1 win against FC Tokyo eleven days later on 29 July 2009, but the club was eliminated in the J"
},
{
"title": "Maya Yoshida",
"text": ".League Cup following a 6–3 on aggregate. Yoshida later added two more goals throughout September, scoring against Kashiwa Reysol and Kawasaki Frontale. Since returning to the first team, Yoshida regained his first team place for the remaining matches of the season. He later added two more goals throughout October. Yoshida scored his eighth goal of the season, in a 3–1 win against Júbilo Iwata in the fourth round of the Emperor's Cup. He later helped the club to reach the Emperor's Cup final after beating Shimizu S-Pulse 5–4 on penalty shoot–out following a 1–1 draw throughout 120 minutes. However, he started in the Emperor's Cup Final against Gamba Osaka, as Nagoya Grampus lost 4–1 in what turned out to be his last appearance for the club. At the end of the 2009 season, Yoshida went on to make forty–eight appearances and scoring eight times in all competitions.</s><s>Club career.:VVV-Venlo. In December 2009, it was announced that Yoshida had transferred to Dutch club VVV-Venlo, signing a three–year contract. He had desired to play for a club in Europe since he was young"
},
{
"title": "Maya Yoshida",
"text": ". Keisuke Honda, who was his teammate at Nagoya Grampus, introduced his agent, Tetsuro Kiyooka to support his future vision. Indeed, Yoshida followed the footsteps of Keisuke Honda who also played for VVV-Venlo before he joined them. However, Yoshida's start to VVV-Venlo career suffered a setback when he fractured his foot and left him sidelined for the rest of the 2009–10 season. At the start of the 2010–11 season, Yoshida continued to recover from his fractured foot. It wasn't until on 30 October 2010 when he made his VVV-Venlo debut, coming on as a 75th-minute substitute, and set up the club's third goal of the game, in a 5–3 loss against FC Groningen. Since making his debut, Yoshida quickly became a first team regular for the side. After spending January with Japan in the Asian Cup and winning the tournament, he made his first team return, starting the whole game, in a 3–0 win against NAC Breda on 5 February 2011. Yoshida later regained his first team place for the remaining matches of the season, as VVV-Venlo qualified for the"
},
{
"title": "Maya Yoshida",
"text": " relegation play–offs. He started all the four matches in the relegation play–offs and helped the club retain their Eredivisie league status. At the end of the 2010–11 season, Yoshida went on to make twenty–four appearances in all competitions. At the start of the 2011–12 season, Yoshida continued to retain his first team place for the side, playing in the centre–back position. He scored a bicycle kick goal for VVV-Venlo off a corner kick on 11 September 2011 against PSV Eindhoven, as the match ended in a 3–3 draw. This goal was awarded as \"Goal of the Season 2011–2012\" of the Eredivisie. The Yoshida scored his second goal of the season, in a 4–1 win against RKC Waalwijk on 22 October 2011. It wasn't until on 18 February 2012 when he scored his third goal of the season, in a 4–1 win against De Graafschap. Yoshida's fourth goal of the season came on 3 March 2012, in a 2–1 win against NAC Breda. He scored his fifth goal of the season against Roda JC, but was sent off in the 73rd"
},
{
"title": "Maya Yoshida",
"text": " minute for an unprofessional foul, in a 3–1 loss. After serving a two match suspension, Yoshida returned to the starting line-up, starting the whole game, in a 2–0 loss against PSV Eindhoven on 31 March 2012. He later started all the four matches in the relegation play–offs and helped the club retain their Eredivisie league status once again. Yoshida's experience in the relegation play–offs led him to write a blog about the subject. At the end of the 2011–12 season, Yoshida went on to make thirty–seven appearances and scoring five times in all competitions as a central defender. In the 2012–13 season, Yoshida made two appearances for the side, including one against ADO Den Haag on 25 August 2012, in which he set up the club's first goal of the game, as they lost 4–2 in what turned out to be his last appearance for VVV-Venlo.</s><s>Club career.:Southampton. On 30 August 2012, Yoshida agreed to join newly–promoted Premier League side Southampton on a three-year contract for a fee thought to be in the region of £3 million and was joined by his teammate, Tadanari"
},
{
"title": "Maya Yoshida",
"text": " Lee. Upon joining the club, he told the \"Southern Daily Echo\" that the move to England would help him grow as a player. Yoshida made his debut for the Saints on 15 September 2012, against Arsenal in a 6–1 defeat, coming on as a 28th-minute substitute for Jos Hooiveld. He then made his home debut a week later on 22 September 2012 in a 4–1 win over Aston Villa, playing the whole 90 minutes. Since joining the club, Yoshida quickly became a first team regular, playing in the centre–back position and forming a partnership with José Fonte. During a 1–1 draw against Swansea City on 10 November 2012, Yoshida made a poor control to the ball that led to Nathan Dyer scoring an equaliser. Despite, he continued to retain his first team place against Queens Park Rangers and helped them win 3–1 on 15 November 2012. Along the way, he was rotated to playing in the left–back and right–back positions. Since making his debut for Southampton, Yoshida started in every match for the side and helped improve the results on both the club and the player, himself. Having started the 2012–13 season at the bottom of the table, results have improved and he helped the"
},
{
"title": "Maya Yoshida",
"text": " side avoid relegation by finishing fourteenth place. In his first season at Southampton, he went on to make thirty–four appearances in all competitions. However at the start of the 2013–14 season, Yoshida's first team opportunities became limited under the management of Mauricio Pochettino and he found himself on the substitute bench. Despite this, he made his first appearance of the season, in a 5–1 win against Barnsley on 27 August 2013. Yoshida then scored his first goal for Southampton in a 2–1 defeat to Sunderland in the League Cup on 6 November 2013. A month later on 4 December 2013, he made his first Premier League appearance, starting the whole game, in a 3–2 loss against Aston Villa. At the start of January, Yoshida had a first team run in following an injury to Dejan Lovren, starting the next six matches and improved with the results. He scored his first Premier League goal in a 3–1 defeat at West Ham United on 22 February 2014 after a Steven Davis free kick. But following Lovern's return, he was once again behind the pecking order in the centre–back competitions, as well as, his own injury concerns. At the end of the 2013–14 season, Yoshida"
},
{
"title": "Maya Yoshida",
"text": " went on to make fourteen appearances and scoring two times in all competitions. At the start of the 2014–15 season, Yoshida regained his first team place, playing in the centre–back position, following Lovern's departure. However, during a 1–0 win against Swansea City on 20 September 2014, he suffered ankle injury that saw him substituted in the second half, resulting in him sidelined for four weeks. Although Yoshida returned from injury, he was placed on the substitute bench until on 30 November 2014 against Manchester City, coming on as a second–half substitute, in a 3–0 loss. His next goal came on 20 December 2014, in a 3–0 victory over Everton, with Steven Davis again providing the assist. Two weeks later on 8 January 2015, Southampton announced that Yoshida and the club had agreed terms to an extension of his contract until 2018. After spending January with Japan's campaign at the AFC Asian Cup, he returned to the starting line-up and played the whole game, in a 1–0 loss against Swansea City on 1 February 2015. In a follow–up match against Queens Park Rangers, Yoshida played an important role in the game when he set up the only goal of the game, in a 1–0 win. Towards"
},
{
"title": "Maya Yoshida",
"text": " the end of the season, he found himself in and out of the starting line-up in the first team and demoted on the substitute bench. Despite this, Yoshida helped the club finish seventh place in the league, resulting in their qualifying for the UEFA Europa League next season. At the end of the 2014–15 season, he went on to make twenty–three appearances and scoring once in all competitions. At the start of the 2015–16 season, Yoshida started the season well when he helped a clean sheet in both legs by beating Vitesse 5–0 on aggregate in the third round of the UEFA Europa League. However, Yoshida was unable to help Southampton reach the Group Stage of the tournament after losing 2–1 on aggregate against Midtjylland. Despite this, Yoshida helped the club keep three consecutive clean sheets between 23 August 2015 and 23 September 2015. Having started playing in the centre–back position, he played in the right–back position, due to increase competitions among the centre–backs. During a match against Manchester United on 21 September 2015, Yoshida was at fault when his back pass backfired, allowing Anthony Martial to score, as Southampton lost 3–2. Following this, Yoshida mostly appeared for the side from"
},
{
"title": "Maya Yoshida",
"text": " the substitute bench, due to strong competitions in the defence. On 28 October 2015, he scored his first goal of the 2015–16 season with a 20-yard strike against Aston Villa in the League Cup. Yoshida's second goal of the season came on 6 February 2016 in a 1–0 victory at St. Mary's over West Ham United. The club later finished sixth place in the league, resulting their qualification of the UEFA Europa League once again next season. At the end of the 2015–16 season, he went on to make twenty–seven appearances and scoring two times in all competitions. At the start of the 2016–17 season, Yoshida started the match against Watford in the opening game of the season, resulting a 1–1 draw. However, he became a backup in the club's centre–back position behind Virgil van Dijk and Fonte. Despite this, national newspaper Daily Mirror mentioned Yoshida in their article of Premier League pace-setters. It wasn't until on 6 November 2016 when he made his return to the starting line-up against Hull City and won a penalty, leading Charlie Austin to successfully convert, leading Southampton losing 2–1. Amid to the league, Yoshida started all six matches in the UEFA Europa League"
},
{
"title": "Maya Yoshida",
"text": ". He helped the side keep two clean sheets in the first two matches. After a famous 2–1 win against Inter Milan on 3 November 2016, their forms declined and were eliminated from the tournament. It wasn't until on 7 January 2017 when Yoshida scored his first goal of the season, in a 2–2 draw against Norwich City in the third round of the EFL Cup. Following the match, he dedicated his goal to his newly born baby daughter. Yoshida captained the side for the first time in his Southampton's career, beating Norwich City 1–0 in the third round of the FA Cup replay. Despite indifferent form on the part of both Yoshida and Southampton as a whole, Southampton became the first team in history to reach the final without conceding a single goal after beating Liverpool 2–0 on aggregate in the EFL semi–finals. Yoshida previously helped Southampton keep three clean sheets in a built up to the EFL Cup semi–finals. However, he started in the final, as Southampton lost 3–2 to Manchester United on 26 February 2017. Following Fonte's departure from the club, Yoshida regained his first team place for the rest of the season. It wasn't until on 5 April 2017 when he scored his second goal of"
},
{
"title": "Maya Yoshida",
"text": " the season, in a 3–1 win against Crystal Palace. After the match, Manager Claude Puel praised Yoshida's performance, saying he was \"fantastic\" and mentioned that he could be \"a captain\" for Southampton. In a follow–up, Yoshida captained the side once again, in a 1–0 win against West Bromwich Albion. He then made his 100th appearance for Southampton and Premier League overall, becoming the first Japanese player to reach the milestone, in a 0–0 draw against Hull City on 29 April 2017. At the end of the 2016–17 season, which saw the club finish in seventh place, Yoshida went on to make thirty–seven appearances and scoring two times in all competitions. In the 2017–18 season, Yoshida appeared in the first three league matches of the season, including winning a penalty and it was successfully converted by Austin, in a 3–2 win against West Ham United on 19 August 2017. It was announced on 24 August 2017 that Yoshida signed a further extension of his contract with Southampton until 2020. He continued to remain in competitions among the centre–backs, which saw him placed on the substitute bench. It wasn't until on 30 September 2017 when Yoshida scored his first goal of"
},
{
"title": "Maya Yoshida",
"text": " the season, scoring from a volley in the 75th minute in a 2–1 loss against Stoke City. By the end of 2017, he captained six out of the eight matches for the side. Yoshida also scored his second goal of the season, in a 4–1 loss against Leicester City on 13 December 2017. However, Yoshida suffered a hamstring injury that kept him out for two weeks. It wasn't until on 27 January 2018 when he made return from injury, coming on as a 67th-minute substitute, in a 1–0 win against Watford. Yoshida's return was short–lived when he suffered a knee injury that kept him out for two months. It wasn't until on 8 April 2018 when Yoshida returned to the starting line-up and played for 72 minutes before being substituted, in a 3–2 loss against Arsenal. Throughout the 2017–18 season, the club have found themselves in a relegation zone, putting their Premier League status under threat. However, in the penultimate match of the season, a 1–1 draw with Everton on 5 May 2018, he was sent–off for a second bookable offence, so was suspended for the visit to Swansea City from which Southampton needed a win to survive at their hosts'"
},
{
"title": "Maya Yoshida",
"text": " expense. The match was won by Southampton, so Swansea City were relegated. At the end of the 2017–18 season, Yoshida went on to make twenty–eight appearances and scoring two times in all competitions. Ahead of the 2018–19 season, Yoshida was linked a move away from Southampton, with Saudi Arabian side Al Hilal interested. But the transfer speculation came to an end after Yoshida announced his intention to stay at the club. At the start of the season, he found his first team opportunities limited under the management of Mark Hughes. It wasn't until on 27 August 2018 when Yoshida made his first appearance of the season, starting the whole game, in a 1–0 win against Brighton & Hove Albion in the second round of the EFL Cup. He soon had a first team run, starting a lot of matches by the end of 2018. Following his international commitment with Japan at the AFC Asian Cup came to an end, it wasn't until on 27 February 2019 when Yoshida returned to the starting line-up and helped the side keep a clean sheet, in a 2–0 win against Fulham. Since returning to the first team, he regained his place for the rest of the season and helped Southampton avoid relegation once again. Despite being"
},
{
"title": "Maya Yoshida",
"text": " sidelined with an illness that eventually saw him out for the rest of the 2018–19 season, Yoshida went on to make twenty appearances in all competitions. In the 2019–20 season, Yoshida made his first appearance of the season, starting the whole game, in a 2–1 loss against Liverpool on 17 August 2019. He soon had a first team run ins for the next two months. Following a 9–0 loss to Leicester City in October, Yoshida was dropped to the bench and only played two further times for the team.</s><s>Club career.:Sampdoria. On 31 January 2020, Yoshida joined Serie A side Sampdoria on loan until the end of the season. Local newspaper the Southern Daily Echo described Yoshida's departure as the \"end of an era\". Having appeared on the substitute bench for two matches, Yoshida made his Sampdoria debut against Hellas Verona on 8 March 2020 and played the whole game, as the club won 2–1. Following his debut for Sampdoria, he quickly became a fan favourite among the club's supporters. However, this turns out to be his only appearance for Sampdoria, as the season was suspended because of the COVID-19 pandemic. He remained an integral"
},
{
"title": "Maya Yoshida",
"text": " part of the club once the season resumed behind closed doors. In a match against Udinese on 12 July 2020, Yoshida set up a goal for Manolo Gabbiadini to help Sampdoria secure a 3–1 win. By the end of the 2019–20 season, Yoshida made fourteen appearances in all competitions. After two months of negotiations over a permanent move, Yoshida returned to Sampdoria, signing a one–year contract with the club and took a pay cut upon doing so. His first game after signing for Sampdoria on a permanent basis came in the opening game of the season against Juventus, coming on as a second half substititute, in a 3–0 loss. Since joining the club, he found himself facing competitions in the centre–back positions with Omar Colley and Lorenzo Tonelli. Despite this, Yoshida continued to remain in the starting line–up, forming a centre–back partnership with either Colley or Tonelli. Halfway through the 2020–21 season, Yoshida played in the right–back position three times between 23 December 2020 and 6 January 2021, due to the absent of Bartosz Bereszyński. Following the return of Bereszyński, he returned to"
},
{
"title": "Maya Yoshida",
"text": " playing in the centre–back position for the rest of the 2020–21 season. On 19 January 2021, Yoshida signed a two–year contract with the club, keeping him until 2022. He scored his first goal for the \"Blucerchiati\" on 24 January 2021 against Parma. Despite suffering setbacks on two occasions throughout the 2020–21 season, Yoshida made thirty–four appearances and scoring once in all competitions.</s><s>Club career.:Schalke 04. On 5 July 2022, he was unveiled as a new Schalke 04 player, signing a one-year contract extending until 30 June, with a renewal option in his contract.</s><s>International career.</s><s>International career.:Youth career. Yoshida earned a call-up for Japan's U-23 team in April 2008 for the first time following good performance at Nagoya Grampus. A month later on 22 May 2008, he made his Japan U23 debut in the Toulon Tournament and started the whole game, in a 2–1 win against France. Yoshida went on to make two appearances in the tournament, as Japan U-23 finished fourth place after reaching the semi–finals. It was announced on 14 July 2008 that Yoshida was called up to"
},
{
"title": "Maya Yoshida",
"text": " the Japan U-23 team for the 2008 Summer Olympic in Beijing. After appearing twice as an unused substitute, he made his debut in the tournament, starting the whole game, in a 1–0 loss against Netherlands on 13 August 2008 and the side was eliminated from the tournament. Four years later, Yoshida was called up to the Japan U-23 team for the second time ahead of the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. Ahead of the tournament, he was named as captain by Manager Takashi Sekizuka. Yoshida's first match as captain came on 26 July 2012 against Spain and helped the side keep a clean sheet, in a 1–0 win. In the next two matches, he helped the side keep two more clean sheets against Morocco U23 and Honduras U23 with a win and draw respectively, resulting in Japan U23 qualifying for the knockout stage. Yoshida scored his first goal of the tournament, scoring a header from Hiroshi Kiyotake's free kick, in a 3–0 against Egypt U23 in the quarter–finals. However, he continued to lead Japan U23 finished fourth place in the Olympics after losing to Mexico U23 and South Korea U23. After the match, Yoshida said: \"I can appreciate that the team whose"
},
{
"title": "Maya Yoshida",
"text": " initial expectation was not so high has advanced to the top four for the first time in 44 years. I do not think why I could not go on it or got a medal The Olympics are a gathering of young athletes called the U-23, and it is important that as many athletes go into the national team as A and stand on the World Cup stage.\" In June 2021, Yoshida was named in the squad for his third Olympic tournament, this time on home soil, as one of three available over-age players. It was also announced that he would be the captain for the tournament. Prior to the start of the Olympics, Yoshida was featured in three out of the four friendly matches for the Samurai Blue. During which, he said about the Olympics event without spectators, saying: \"I'm sorry for the non-audience. A lot of customers came to see us today, and the supporters' cheers helped us during the last 5 minutes and 10 minutes. It's a difficult situation. Now it's a difficult situation no matter which one you comment on.\" Yoshida soon clarified his statement, saying it was his \"personal idea\". He helped Japan win all three matches in the group stage to advance to the knockout stage. In the quarter–final against New Zealand"
},
{
"title": "Maya Yoshida",
"text": ", Yoshida captained the whole game throughout 120 minutes with a goalless result and successfully converted the winning kick in the penalty shootout, as the Samurai Blue won 4–2 to reach the semi–finals. However, Japan lost the next two matches in the semi–finals and bronze medal match against Spain and Mexico respectively. Despite failing to win a medal as he hoped for, Yoshida reflected about being captain for Japan in the Olympics, saying: \"I had a lot of fun. I thought I could give everyone something, but young players could absorb a lot of things. I think I was able to grow as a player. Let's be proud and go home. I want to be proud and go home. This is not the end. Still, my soccer life will continue.\"</s><s>International career.:Senior career. In December 2009, Yoshida was called up to the senior national team for the first time. He made his full international debut for Japan on 6 January 2010 in a 2011 AFC Asian Cup qualifier against Yemen. Yoshida later reflected on his debut, saying: \"Of course Yemen war of 2010 (3-2) because it was all the way to the target, I was happy.\" After fracturing his fingers, Yoshida stated that he was determined"
},
{
"title": "Maya Yoshida",
"text": " to recovery from his injury and hope to get called up for the 2010 World Cup squad. However, Yoshida did not make the cut. In December 2010, Yoshida was called up for the 2011 AFC Asian Cup in Qatar. Under the management of Alberto Zaccheroni, it's emerged that Yoshida is expecting to start in the centre–back position ahead of the tournament. He scored his first Japan goal, in a 1–1 draw against Jordan on 9 January 2011. Yoshida started two more matches in the group-stage, as Japan progressed through the knockout stage. However, Yoshida was sent–off for a second bookable offence, in a 3–2 win against Qatar in the quarter–finals of the AFC Asian Cup. After serving a one match suspension, Yoshida returned to the starting line-ups in the AFC Asian Cup Final against Australia and played 120 minutes, as they beat the Socceroos 1–0 to win the AFC Asian Cup, thanks to Tadanari Lee. Between 7 June 2011 and 2 September 2011, Yoshida kept three consecutive three cleans; including once against North Korea, which he scored the only goal of the game. Yoshida kept an additional three more clean sheets between 7 October 2011 and 11 November 2011. Following the Olympics"
},
{
"title": "Maya Yoshida",
"text": ", Yoshida continued to help Japan by keeping three consecutive clean sheets between 6 September 2012 and 12 October 2012 against UAE, Iraq and France. He later helped Japan qualify for the World Cup after drawing 1–1 against Australia on 4 June 2013. Two days later, Yoshida was called up to the Samurai Blue for the 2013 Confederations Cup squad. He was featured three times in the tournament, as Japan loss all three matches and was eliminated in the Group Stage. In May 2014, Yoshida was named in Japan's preliminary squad for the 2014 World Cup in Brazil. In the end, he made it to the final cut for the 23-man squad. Yoshida started all three matches despite facing competitions from the centre–back and subsequently, Japan was eliminated from the tournament in the group stage, without winning any matches. Despite this, he kept a clean sheet in a 0–0 draw against Greece on 20 June 2014. Later in 2014, Yoshida scored his first Japan's goal in three years, as they beat Honduras 6–0 on 14 November 2014. In December 2014, Yoshida was selected as a member of the Japanese team for the 2015 AFC Asian Cup in Australia. He played Japan's opener match against debutant Palestine and scored the final goal in a 4"
},
{
"title": "Maya Yoshida",
"text": "–0 win. Yoshida helped Japan keep two more clean sheets to advance through to the quarter–finals. However, he conceded a goal from Ali Mabkhout before Japan equalised and the match was played throughout 120 minutes; ultimately, they were eliminated after losing in penalty–shootout. After the match, Yoshida acknowledged his fault for conceding a goal from the opposition team. Throughout Japan's matches in the World Cup Qualifying Round, Yoshida then scored again in a 3–0 win against Cambodia on 3 September 2015. He later helped Japan keep two more clean sheets against Afghanistan and Syria. Yoshida kept four more clean sheets in the World Cup Qualifying Round between 12 November 2015 and 29 March 2016. During the run, he scored two goals against Singapore and Afghanistan. Three months later on 3 June 2016, Yoshida scored a brace, scoring in the fourth and five goal, in a 7–2 win against Bulgaria. The following March, he captained Japan for the first time in his career and helped the Samurai Blue beat United Arabs Emirates 2–0. After the match, Yoshida said: \"I have played several times in my team, but it is a big thing to be the captain of the national team. I felt it.\" In"
},
{
"title": "Maya Yoshida",
"text": " a follow–up match against Thailand, he scored again, in a 4–0 win. Three months later, on 31 August 2017, Yoshida started the whole match against Australia and helped Japan qualify for the World Cup after beating the Socceroos 2–0. On 31 May 2018, Yoshida was selected in the 23-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia. It was expected once again that Yoshida will be starting in the centre–back position ahead of the tournament. He played every single minute in all the group stage matches against Colombia, Senegal and Poland. His side were knocked out of the tournament after losing 3–2 to Belgium in the round of 16 match. His performance in the World Cup earned praises from the British media, such as, The Guardian and BBC Sport. In December 2018, Yoshida was one of 23 Japanese players selected for the 2019 AFC Asian Cup. Ahead of the tournament, he was given the captaincy once again. Yoshida started the tournament as captain well when he helped Japan win 3–2 against Turkmenistan. In a follow–up match against Oman, Yoshida led the side to keep a clean sheet, in a 1–0 win to advance to the knockout stage. He later helped Japan keep three clean"
},
{
"title": "Maya Yoshida",
"text": " sheets that led the Samurai Blue reaching the final for the first time since 2011. In the AFC Asian Cup final against Qatar, Yoshida started and captained the side, as they lost 3–1, finishing as runner–up in the process. During the match, he was penalised for handball, leading Qatar to successfully convert the penalty to give the opposition team a 3–1 lead. After the match, Yoshida said: \"I felt that the team had a good performance in the (semi-final) match against Iran, and they felt that they were going to be able to go this way and be able to go this way. I couldn't control, and I didn't win. I feel unhappy.\" However, Yoshida's call-up to the tournament caused squad selection problems for new Southampton manager Ralph Hasenhüttl during his absence. In response, he acknowledged the risk he took by playing for Japan in the Asian Cup. Following the conclusion of the AFC Asian Cup, Yoshida didn't receive an international call–up until August. He was also given the captaincy. Yoshida captained the remaining matches of 2019 with clean sheets. During this run, he scored his first international goal of the year, in a 6–0"
},
{
"title": "Maya Yoshida",
"text": " win against Mongolia on 10 October 2019. On 14 November 2019, Yoshida also played his 100th match for Japan against Kyrgyzstan. Almost a year later, in October 2020, he was called up to the Samurai Blue squad. He started four matches as captain by the end of the year and helped Japan keep three consecutive clean sheets before losing to Mexico on 17 November 2020. At the beginning of 2021, Yoshida continued to retain his captaincy and helped the Samurai Blue kept another three consecutive clean sheets against South Korea, Mongolia and Myanmar.</s><s>Personal life. Yoshida has two brothers: Mirei and Honami He later credited his older brother, Honami, for playing an important role in his football career. Before he was born, his name \"Maya\" was originally planned for a girl when his mother was pregnant. But the name was kept even if it was a boy who was born. Yoshida revealed on his blog on 26 September 2012 that he was married. Four years later, Yoshida revealed he was a first time father when his wife gave birth to a baby daughter. During his time at Southampton, Yoshida resided in Winchester. After spending seven years at Southampton, Yoshida revealed in an interview with SunSport that he's a permanent"
},
{
"title": "Maya Yoshida",
"text": " resident in the United Kingdom and feels 25 per cent English. His family runs a boarding house in Nagasaki for children who cannot go to high school. Growing up, Yoshida revealed he's a fan of Dragon Ball Z and had an entire collection until his Dad gave it to charity. Yoshida reflected on this, saying it helped him to think generously and give back to society. In November 2007, Yoshida signed for an agency with Tetsuro Kiyooka, a FIFA Players' Agent (Sports agent), in hopes of moving to Europe. It worked when he joined VVV-Venlo, three years later after signing for Tetsuro Kiyooka. Since moving to Europe, Yoshida created his personal blog, where he reflected about his experience living and playing in a different continent. On every anniversary of the Atomic bombings, Yoshida, who is from Nagasaki, spoke out about the thoughts of the event. In May 2018, Yoshida published his first book titled \"Unbeatable Mind\". In addition to speaking Japanese, Yoshida is fluent in English since he first studied the language in middle school. Yoshida also studied Italian and Spanish. By August 2020, Yoshida began to speak Italian fluently. On 9 August 2013, it was"
},
{
"title": "Maya Yoshida",
"text": " announced that Yoshida would be on the front cover of the Japanese Edition of FIFA 14. During his Japan's career, Yoshida said he considered Atsuto Uchida as fellow competitor, yet his best friend, and is also friends with Eiji Kawashima. Yoshida has an uncle, Tsuyoshi Shimoyanagi, who is a former professional baseball player. He is also a part-owner of Soccer Samurai. In August 2019, Yoshida revealed that he was pledging one percent of his salary to a pledge-based charitable movement, named Saints Foundation. Two months later, Yoshida was named ambassador for the Saints' Foundation along with teammate James Ward-Prowse. In the wake of COVID-19 pandemic, Yoshida posted a message on his social media account, urging people to stay at home. While the season was suspended because of the COVID-19 pandemic, Yoshida said he exercised daily for three months in order to maintain his fitness. In May 2020, Yoshida used his own money to buy 10,000 masks from Japan and deliver them to hospitals in Genoa.</s><s>Career statistics.</s><s>Career statistics.:Club.</s><s>Career statistics.:International.</s><s>Honours. Southampton -"
},
{
"title": "Maya Yoshida",
"text": " EFL Cup runner-up: 2016–17 Japan - AFC Asian Cup: 2011; runner-up: 2019 Individual - AFC Asian Cup Team of the Tournament: 2019 - IFFHS AFC Man Team of the Year: 2020 - IFFHS AFC Men's Team of the Decade 2011–2020</s><s>See also. - List of men's footballers with 100 or more international caps</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Maya Yoshida",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Asia/Pacific"
}
|
factscore-000384
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Gopi Sundar.
|
[
{
"title": "Gopi Sundar",
"text": "<s>Gopi Sundar Gopi Sundar C. S. (born 30 May 1977) is an Indian music director, programmer, playback singer, songwriter, actor and performer who works prominently in Malayalam, Telugu and Tamil film industries. He started his career composing music for television commercials, has nearly 5,000 jingles to his credit. As a keyboard programmer, he has collaborated with many music directors including the composer duo Vishal–Shekhar. He has won several accolades for his soundtrack albums and film scores, including a National Film Award, a Kerala State Film Award, and two Filmfare Awards South. Sundar started his own recording label, Gopi Sundar Music Company in 2014 with an idea to promote aspiring musicians and to make low-budget productions possible. In 2016, he formed a live performance music band called \"Band Big G\" in Dubai. In 2017, his work in the film \"Pulimurugan\" was included in the contender list for the 90th Academy Awards nominations for Best Original Song and Best Original Score categories, but none were nominated.</s><s>Early life. Born to Suresh Babu and Livi, Sundar spent a large part of his childhood in Kochi."
},
{
"title": "Gopi Sundar",
"text": " His early interest in music started from working in his father's recording studio business and listening to the radio with his mother. During school days, Sundar was keener on playing the tabla and keyboard than studies. Eventually, when he got dropped out of school after failing his SSLC exams, his parents were supportive enough to let him pursue his dreams. Keen to make a career in music, he left for Chennai, where he took up classes at the Government Music College, but discontinued the course, feeling disillusioned.</s><s>Career.</s><s>Career.:Early years. His father, Suresh, helped him get into the Malayalam composer Ouseppachan's music troupe. Ouseppachan, a longtime friend of Sundar's father, took him as an assistant and became a mentor to the youngster. While on the team, Sundar worked his way up, playing tabla and keyboard, and began getting noticed for his composing skills as well. In an association that spanned more than a decade, Sundar assisted him with several works. In the years that he spent in Chennai, he struggled to find a foothold in the music industry. His first exposure to professional music came in the form of composing jingles for TV"
},
{
"title": "Gopi Sundar",
"text": " commercials. In those difficult days, his uncle Devan, an actor-politician in Malayalam films, helped him get a roof over his head. Sridhar Kariat, son of the legendary Malayalam filmmaker Ramu Kariat, showed him the ropes of how to stand out in the fast lane of advertising. In the world of the catchy jingle music of advertising, it took him seven years to create a niche for himself. His ever-growing repertoire consists of almost 5,000 jingles, a number of them advertising the work of filmmaker and feature film cinematographer Rajiv Menon. He has also done keyboard programming for the Bollywood music director duo Vishal–Shekhar, including for popular songs like \"Ek Main Aur Ek Tu Hai\" (\"Bluffmaster!\"), \"Aankhon mein teri\" (\"Om Shanti Om\"), and music for \"Taxi No. 9211\".</s><s>Career.:2005–2012. Sundar got his first break as a film score composer with \"Notebook\", after the director Rosshan Andrews happened to notice his programming for the film \"Udayananu Tharam\". The eventual success of the film catapulted him into the mainstream, with Sibi"
},
{
"title": "Gopi Sundar",
"text": " Malayil offering him the first contract for soundtrack composition for the Malayalam film \"Flash\", starring Mohanlal. The turning point in his career was the film \"Big B\", which was the debut feature of not only the director Amal Neerad but also a host of technicians including Sameer Thahir, Vivek Harshan, and Unni R. Although the film, which starred Mammooty, opened to mixed reviews, it was lauded for its technical finesse and for providing a film experience that was altogether new to the Malayalam cinema. Sundar's background score, which blended aptly with the tone of the film, escalating his popularity amongst the Malayali film audiences. \"Big B\" marked the beginning of Sundar's long-term association with Amal Neerad. In 2008, Sundar made his Tamil film industry debut by composing the background score for the film \"Poi Solla Porom\". He then went on to compose songs for a number of films and the film \"Sagar Alias Jackie Reloaded\" (2009), which starred Mohanlal, had him compose both the soundtrack and the film score. Despite the film being panned by critics and audiences alike, the songs were an instant hit"
},
{
"title": "Gopi Sundar",
"text": ". The first major award came his way for the film \"Anwar\" in 2010, for which he received the Filmfare Award for Best Music Director. Casanovva (2012), a Malayalam romantic-thriller film, saw him reunite with Rosshan Andrrews. He shared music credits with Alphons Joseph and Gowri Lakshmi for the soundtrack. Although the audio rights were acquired by Satyam Audios at a record price of ₹12 million (US$190,000), the film had a disappointing run at the box office. His next major work that year was for Anwar Rasheed's film \"Ustad Hotel\". The film won wide critical acclaim and was a commercial success. The film's five-song soundtrack went on to become one of his most popular soundtrack albums and received rave reviews from critics, audiences, and his contemporaries alike. \"Appangalembadum\", a quirky reworking of a popular but traditional Mappilappattu song crooned by Anna Katharina Valayil, was an instant hit following its radio release and eventually became one of the biggest hits of the year. It got him the year's Filmfare Award, Asianet Film Awards, SIIMA,"
},
{
"title": "Gopi Sundar",
"text": " and Kochi Times Awards for Best Music Direction, and a Pearl Award for Best Background Score. Music director Bijibal, picked the film score of \"Ustad Hotel\" as his favourite when asked to pick \"the best contemporary background score of his choice\".</s><s>Career.:2013–2015. In 2013, he sang a melody called \"Titli\", tuned by Vishal–Shekhar along with Chinmayi and Srimathumitha, for the Bollywood film \"Chennai Express\". The Rohit Shetty film, which also starred Shah Rukh Khan and Deepika Padukone, turned out to be one of the highest-grossing Indian films of all time. Sundar's subsequent films found commercial success, including the Dulquer Salmaan vehicle, \"Left Right Left\", \"5 Sundarikal\", \"Vishuddhan\", and \"Salalah Mobiles\". With \"Salalah Mobiles\", he made his acting debut, with a cameo appearance as a qawwali singer in the song \"Rasoolallah\". His fame increased with the release of his 2014 film titled \"1983\", a coming-of-age sports drama film which marked the debut of screenwriter-director Abrid"
},
{
"title": "Gopi Sundar",
"text": " Shine. The film, a tribute to cricketer Sachin Tendulkar, was the first successful film of 2014. The soundtrack of the film was also a success, and the track \"Olanjali Kuruvi\", sung by P.Jayachandran and Vani Jayaram, was a \"chartbuster\". \"For maintaining the tempo of the film with an in-sync background score\", Sundar received the National Film Award for Best Background Score from the President of India, Pranab Mukherjee, at Vigyan Bhavan, New Delhi. Amongst a string of films he tuned, the classical fusion single \"Sadaa Paalaya\" sung by Sithara for the film \"Mr.Fraud\", aced the charts. He also made a cameo appearance in the film, alongside Mohanlal. The film \"How Old are You?\", which marked the comeback of Malayalam film actress Manju Warrier after a 14-year sabbatical, was his next major project. The film went on to become a success, and the soundtrack was equally appreciated by the audience. \"Vijanathayil\", a lilting melody from the film sung by Shreya Ghoshal, was a huge hit"
},
{
"title": "Gopi Sundar",
"text": " that won her the Best Female Playback Singer Award at the 62nd Annual Filmfare Awards. \"Bangalore Days\", a romantic comedy drama film directed by Anjali Menon, featuring an ensemble cast of the top Malayalam actors, was his next release. The five-song soundtrack was a success and has turned out to contain his most-liked tracks. He received a Filmfare Award for Best Music Director, an Asianet Film Award for Best Music Director, and a Vanitha Film Award for Best Music Director for the film. Also, the single \"Ethu Kari Raavilum\" from the film earned Haricharan a Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer. In September, Sundar did his first live concert at Swapnanagari, Kozhikode. The musical event, organised by the Film Employees Federation of Kerala, the Music Directors Union, and the D Cutz Film Company, was the first of a series of concerts that saw eight composers coming together for the first time to raise funds for the Cochin Haneefa Foundation, which helps struggling film artists. The concert series, titled \"Jamgraab\", was made up of the first letters of the names of the eight music directors involved: J"
},
{
"title": "Gopi Sundar",
"text": "assie Gift, Alphons Joseph, Mejo Joseph, Gopi Sundar, Rahul Raj, Anil Johnson, Afzal Yusuf, and Bijibal. Following a tremendous response from the music fans, they held a second gig in February 2015 at Sharjah Cricket Stadium, which was to be followed by a world tour across the cities in US, UK and Australia in coming years. Sundar forayed into Telugu film industry with the film \"Malli Malli Idi Rani Roju\", which fetched him many fans in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. He further expanded his reach with his second Telugu film, \"Bale Bale Magadivoy\", which was a success at the box office; the soundtrack amassed equally good reviews. Deepu Joseph of \"The Times of India\" gave the soundtrack album 3.5 out of 5 stars and called it an album that \"has something in it for everyone and it sure to be a hit\". The success earned him a nomination for the Best Music Director Telugu award at the 2016 SIIMA Awards. \"Ennu Ninte Moideen\", where he collaborated with M. Jayachandran and Ramesh Narayan in music direction, was his next. He"
},
{
"title": "Gopi Sundar",
"text": " did the background score and composed the song \"Mukkathe Penne\", a poignant melody that served as a paean to the timeless love of Moideen and Kanchanamala, portrayed in the film by actors Prithviraj Sukumaran and Parvathy, respectively. The lyrics to the minute song were penned by Mohammed Maqbool Mansoor, one of Sundar's main backing vocalists. The song was written and composed in less than five minutes, and they sang it themselves. The song captured the imagination of listeners as only a few songs in Malayalam ever had. The film was a success at the box office and was equally appreciated by the critics for adapting a real-life story \"without compromising on the aesthetics of the medium\". For \"creating a haunting melodic composition\", his collaborator, M. Jayachandran, received a National Film Award for Best Music Direction. His compositions for the film \"Charlie\" also went on to become a hit, and the single \"Chundari Penne\", crooned by Dulquar Salmaan, received wide recognition. He won two Best Music Director Awards for the film: one North American Film Award and one IIFA Award.</s><s>Career.:2016–present"
},
{
"title": "Gopi Sundar",
"text": ". In 2016, Sundar composed the film score and seven-song soundtrack of the Telugu film \"Oopiri\", which was simultaneously released in Tamil as \"Thozha\". The film, which featured Nagarjuna was a commercial success, grossing over ₹1 billion (US$14.5 million) worldwide. \"The Times of India\" gave \"Oopiri\"s soundtrack four stars, calling it a \"winner on all counts and Gopi Sundar is increasingly becoming a force to be reckon with in Tollywood\". Sundar composed the soundtrack and film score for the film \"Pulimurugan\", which is currently the highest-grossing film in the Malayalam film industry. \"The Times of India\" critic Sanjith Surendran praised Sundar's \"rousing theme music that made the 161-minute runtime a breeze\". The two songs (\"Kaadanayum Kaalchilambe\" and \"Maanathe Maarikurumbe\") and the film score of \"Pulimurugan\" were selected by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to contend in the 90th Academy Awards nominations for the Best Original Song and Best Original Score categories. Including \""
},
{
"title": "Gopi Sundar",
"text": "Pulimurugan\", a total of 70 original songs and 141 original scores were selected in that year. He won a Best Music Director award for the film from the Asiavision Awards, while K.S Chitra won the Best Female Singer Award for the song \"Kaadaniyum Kalchilambe\", along with a South Indian International Movie Awards for Best Playback Singer Female. Vani Jairam won the Best Female Singer award for the song \"Manathe Marikurumbe\" from the same film. Sundar composed the background score for the Tamil musical comedy horror film \"Devi\", which was simultaneously shot and released in Telugu and Hindi as \"Abhinetri\" and \"Tutak Tutak Tutiya\", respectively. For \"Premam\", the Telugu remake of the Malayalam film of the same name he collaborated with Rajesh Murugesan, the music director of the original Malayalam film. The film received positive reviews upon release in Telangana. Behindwoods lauded the soundtrack album for \"staying true to the original, yet exploring better nuances of music\". Sundar composed the only two songs for the Mammootty vehicle \"The Great Father\" (2017). \"Comrade in America"
},
{
"title": "Gopi Sundar",
"text": "\", a Malayalam romantic comedy film, saw him reunite with his long-time collaborator, Amal Neerad. The three-song soundtrack, of which two songs were sung by the actor Dulquar Salmaan, was released under Sundar's own record label, Gopi Sundar Music Company. The single \"Adiga Adiga\" from the Telugu film \"Ninnu Kori\", which was released in July was a hit. Having finished working on \"Role Models\", \"Tiyaan\", \"Chunkzz\", and \"Udaharanam Sujatha\", which garnered good response, his upcoming projects include \"Kammara Sambhavam\" and \"Kayamkulam Kochunni\". He won his first Kerala State Film Award for Best Background Music in 2017 for the film \"Take Off\", and his song \"Vaanamakalunnuvo\" from the film \"Vimaanam\" got Sithara her second Kerala State Film Award for Best Singer. His songs from the movie \"Geetha Govindam\" also received praise. His latest music work is present in the upcoming film \"Amala\" directed by Nishad Ebrahim and Mascot Productions.</s><s>Frequent"
},
{
"title": "Gopi Sundar",
"text": " collaborators. Sundar has been the most frequent collaborator for films directed by Rosshan Andrrews. He has also frequently associated with Amal Neerad, Arun Kumar Aravind, Vysakh, along with screenwriter duo Bobby–Sanjay and Murali Gopy. Most of the lyrics for the songs composed by him are penned by Rafeeq Ahamed. However, he has also collaborated extensively with lyricists Santhosh Varma and B.K Harinarayanan.</s><s>Other ventures.</s><s>Other ventures.:Music band. Gopi Sundar launched \"Band Big G\", his own music band, in 2016 in front of a capacity crowd at Al Nasr Leisureland, Dubai. The band is a live performance music band with a revolving quota of vocalists and instrumentalists, with Sundar as the only permanent member. The types of songs are decided depending on the audience and the event. The first gig consisted of an ensemble of Malayalam singers Afsal, Sithara, Najim Arshad, Haricharan, Divya S. Menon, Ramsi, Kavya Ajit, and Sruthi Lakshmi{phanivardhan}.They played a fusion compilation of Sundar"
},
{
"title": "Gopi Sundar",
"text": "'s own compositions along with old Malayalam classics.</s><s>Other ventures.:Recording studio. Sunsa Digital Workstation is Sundar's music recording studio. It is a state of the art studio primarily located in Chennai, which is used by Sundar for recording his compositions. Sundar opened his second studio in Kochi. The recording studio was featured in Discovery Channel's TV Show \"India My Way]\" in 2017. As a part of the all-India tour for their programme, the hosts – model-turned-actor Paloma Monappa and Meeraj – visited the place while the song recording for the film \"Comrade in America\" was in progress. The show also features Amal Neerad, Dulquer Salmaan, and Sundar himself giving insights into the new wave of Malayalam cinema.</s><s>Other ventures.:Music label. Gopi Sundar launched his own record label, Gopi Sundar Music Company, in 2014. The label aims to support aspiring filmmakers and promising low-budget films by producing the music while retaining the copyrights of the work. It also looks to provide creative and talented artists a platform for independent music creation and licensing. The soundtrack album for the Malayalam film \"Last Supper\""
},
{
"title": "Gopi Sundar",
"text": " was the first to be released under the aegis of the label, followed by several films, with \"Comrade in America\" being the latest.</s><s>Personal life. Gopi Sundar married Priya and the couple have two children: Madhav and Yadhav. Priya and Sundar got separated and their divorce case is still in court. Sundar entered in a live-in relationship with singer Abhaya Hiranmayi, and in July 2018, he revealed that they had been together for 9 years. On 26 May 2022, he announced through social media that he is in a relationship with singer Amrutha Suresh and shared a picture of them together as well on his instagram account.</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Gopi Sundar",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Asia/Pacific"
}
|
factscore-000385
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Vance Joy.
|
[
{
"title": "Vance Joy",
"text": "<s>Vance Joy James Gabriel Keogh (born 1 December 1987), known professionally as Vance Joy, is an Australian singer songwriter and former Australian rules footballer. He is best known for his 2012 song \"Riptide\". Joy signed a five-album deal with Atlantic Records in 2013. He released his debut EP \"God Loves You When You're Dancing\" in March 2013. His song \"Riptide\" was voted number 1 on the 2013 Triple J Hottest 100. Joy released his debut studio album \"Dream Your Life Away\" on 5 September 2014 in Australia and on 9 September 2014 elsewhere. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2015, he won Best Male Artist. His second studio album, \"Nation of Two\", was released in 2018, and his third studio album, \"In Our Own Sweet Time\", was released in June 2022.</s><s>Early life and education. James Gabriel Keogh was born on 1 December 1987. He attended St. Patricks Primary School, Murrumbeena, in Melbourne. He was school captain at and graduated from St Kevin's College, Toorak, in 2005, and later graduated from Monash University with a Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Laws.</s><s>Football. Prior to his music career, Joy was a"
},
{
"title": "Vance Joy",
"text": " promising Australian rules football player. In 2008 and 2009, he played for the Coburg Football Club, then called the Coburg Tigers, as key defender in the Victorian Football League (VFL), winning best first year player award in 2008. Joy explains his choice for a music career over a football one by saying that he \"[...] wasn't ever really in the mix (for the AFL)\", being \"good enough to go from local footy to the VFL. Out of three seasons, I had a handful of games. You always think you can do better, but I think I reached my potential as a football player.\" In another interview, he stated \"for a period of time I was super focused on footy, I played a step below professional level. I had opportunities to play for a couple of teams but my heart wasn't completely in it. I guess I was just doing something in the meantime before writing my first songs.\"</s><s>Music career.</s><s>Music career.:2013: \"God Loves You When You're Dancing\". On 21 January 2013, Joy released his debut single \"From Afar\". On 22 March 2013, he released his debut EP \"God Loves You When You're Dancing\". The single \"Riptide\" became a success on"
},
{
"title": "Vance Joy",
"text": " Australian commercial radio, peaking at number 6 on the ARIA Singles Chart and being certified Nine times platinum by the Australian Record Industry Association (ARIA). The song featured in a GoPro TV advertising campaign in the USA. \"Riptide\" was a worldwide commercial success, helping to launch Joy's career, and became the longest-charting song in ARIA Charts' history. The song is also certified 5× platinum in the United States. \"Riptide\" was inspired by a motel Joy visited as a kid. \"As a child, I used to go on family holidays down the coast of Australia\", Joy told the Brand Alley blog. \"While we were there, we would stay at this motel called Riptide. So that's where that part of the idea came from.\" In an interview with \"Soundcheck\" in January 2014, Joy discussed his upcoming studio album. saying \"I think there’s always a bit of variety with my songwriting, so probably the EP is a good reflection of what the rest of the album will be like. It’s all different songs, I guess, but all tied together in a way.\" Joy said in an interview with Triple J about his stage name, \"I was going through a"
},
{
"title": "Vance Joy",
"text": " Peter Carey phase and reading a lot of his books. There's a book called \"Bliss\". The main character's name is Harry Joy and his grandfather is Vance Joy. He's the storyteller and a crazy old man. Plus, I thought it was a cool name.\"</s><s>Music career.:2014–2016: \"Dream Your Life Away\". On 15 July 2014, Joy announced the title of his debut album, \"Dream Your Life Away\", which was released on 5 September 2014 in Australia, 9 September 2014 in the United States, and 15 September 2014 worldwide. In July 2014, he released \"Mess Is Mine\" as the third overall single from the album, with the song peaking at number 37 in Australia. He gave his first live concert with songs on the album in September 2014, in Melbourne. On 7 September 2014, Joy released \"First Time\" as the fourth single from the album in the United Kingdom. \"Georgia\" was released as a single in February 2015. Speaking to \"Rolling Stone\", Joy revealed that he began writing \"Georgia\" in 2006, then sat on it until he figured out the words and melody. A deluxe edition was released on 4 September 2015, which consisted of two new tracks and five live songs. \"Fire"
},
{
"title": "Vance Joy",
"text": " and the Flood\" and \"Straight into Your Arms\" were also released as singles, with \"Fire and the Flood\" later being certified platinum by ARIA. He promoted his album on the Dream Your Life Away Tour, which began on 17 October 2013 in Dallas, Texas. Joy was announced as the support act for Taylor Swift's 1989 World Tour on 3 November 2014. Joy appeared on all the tour dates in North America, the United Kingdom and Australia. Swift performed a rendition of \"Riptide\" on 9 October 2014 for the BBC's 'Live Lounge' segment. In November 2015, he was picked as Elvis Duran's Artist of the Month and was featured on the American television network NBC's \"Today\", where he performed his hit single \"Riptide\". On 13 May 2015, he performed \"Riptide\" in a duet featuring Quentin Alexander live to a standing ovation at the Dolby Theatre during the season 14 finale of \"American Idol\". On 16 June 2015, Joy released \"Great Summer\", a single from the soundtrack for \"Paper Towns\". At the ARIA Music Awards of 2015 he won the Best Male Artist category for \"Dream Your Life Away\", with six further nominations.ARIA Music Awards for Vance Joy: - Search Results '"
},
{
"title": "Vance Joy",
"text": "Vance Joy': - 2013 winners and nominees: - 2014 winners and nominees: - 2015 winners:</s><s>Music career.:2017–2020: \"Nation of Two\" and \"Live at Red Rocks Amphitheatre\". In 2017, Joy released two singles from his forthcoming second studio album: \"Lay It All on Me\" in July, which was nominated for Song of the Year at the ARIA Music Awards of 2018, and \"Like Gold\" in November, which peaked at number 14 on the Australian charts. The song was certified Gold by ARIA in 2019. He released \"We're Going Home\" on 12 January 2018, which was written while Joy was opening for the 1989 World Tour in 2015. \"Saturday Sun\" was released on 1 February 2018 as the fourth single, which he stated was inspired by the beaches along the Pacific Coast Highway in Los Angeles. The last single before the album's release, \"Call If You Need Me\", was released on 11 February 2018, and appeared on the \"Billboard\" Hot Rock & Alternative Songs chart. Joy released his second studio album \"Nation of Two\" on 23 February 2018. The album debuted at number 1 in Australia, was certified gold and won Best Adult Contemporary Album at the ARIA Music Awards of 2018. He"
},
{
"title": "Vance Joy",
"text": " released an upbeat, remastered version of \"I'm With You\" as a single from the album on 21 September 2018, which was certified platinum by the ARIA. In November 2018, Joy released a live album titled \"Live at Red Rocks Amphitheatre\", a live concert album of the Nation of Two World Tour, recorded at the Red Rocks Amphitheatre in Colorado. Joy was the opening act for P!nk on her Beautiful Trauma World Tour in 2019.</s><s>Music career.:2021–present: \"In Our Own Sweet Time\". On 29 January 2021, Vance released the single \"You\", a collaboration with Benny Blanco and Marshmello. On 20 May 2021, Joy released the single \"Missing Piece\". The song was featured on the episode of \"Grey's Anatomy\" airing that night. The song reached platinum status in Australia and won the ARIA Award for Best Video at the 2021 ARIA Music Awards. On 7 April 2022, Vance announced his third studio album, \"In Our Own Sweet Time\", which was released on 10 June 2022.</s><s>Discography. - \"Dream Your Life Away\" (2014) - \"Nation of Two\" (2018) - \"In Our Own Sweet Time\" (2022)</s><s>"
},
{
"title": "Vance Joy",
"text": "Tours. Headlining - Riptide Tour (2013) - Dream Your Life Away Tour (2014–2015) - The Fire and the Flood Tour (2016) - Lay It On Me Tour (2017) - Nation of Two World Tour (2018) - Long Way Home Tour (2022) - In Our Own Sweet Time Tour (2023) Promotional concerts - God Loves You When You're Dancing Tour (2013) - We're Going Home Tour (2018) Opening act - The 1989 World Tour (2015) - Beautiful Trauma World Tour (2019)</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Vance Joy",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Asia/Pacific"
}
|
factscore-000386
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Pallavi Joshi.
|
[
{
"title": "Pallavi Joshi",
"text": "<s>Pallavi Joshi Pallavi Joshi (born 4 April 1969) is an Indian actress, writer, and film producer who works primarily in Hindi films and television. In a career spanning across films and television, Joshi is the recipient of such accolades as two National Film Awards, and a nomination for the Filmfare Awards. Born in Mumbai to Marathi parents who were stage actors, Joshi made her acting debut at age four with a minor role in the Hindi film \"Naag Mere Sathi\" (1973). Following numerous film appearances as a child artist, Joshi garnered recognition and acclaim when she ventured into the Parallel cinema movement, with roles in critically acclaimed films like; \"Bhujangayyana Dashavathara\" (1988), \"Rihaee\" (1988), \"Rukmavati Ki Haveli\" (1991), and \"Woh Chokri\" (1992), for which she won the National Film Award – Special Jury Award (feature film). Joshi also appeared in several commercial films, including \"Insaaf Ki Awaaz\" (1986), \"Andha Yudh\" (1987), \"Mujrim\" (1989), \"Saudagar\" (1991), \"P"
},
{
"title": "Pallavi Joshi",
"text": "anaah\" (1992). For the first of these, she was nominated for the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress. Joshi's career further expanded with her venture into television, garnering praise and popular acclaim for such revered Doordarshan shows as; \"Talaash\" (1992), \"Aarohan\" (1996-1997), \"Alpviram\" (1998), \"Justujoo\" (2002-2004). In recent years, Joshi has mainly collaborated with her husband, director Vivek Agnihotri, most notably for the films; \"The Tashkent Files\" (2019), and ‘The Kashmir Files\" (2022), both of which she co-produced and for the former won the National Film Award for Best Supporting Actress.</s><s>Career.</s><s>Career.:Films, critical acclaim and accolades. Joshi started performing on stage at an early age. She acted in films like \"Badla\" and \"Aadmi Sadak Ka\" as a child artist. She played a blind child who reforms a notorious gangster in \"Dada\" (1979). In the 1980s and early 1990s she acted in art films like \"Rukmavati Ki Haveli"
},
{
"title": "Pallavi Joshi",
"text": "\", \"Suraj Ka Satvan Ghoda\", \"Trishagni\" (1988), \"Vanchit\", \"Bhujangayyana Dashavathara\" (1991) and \"Rihaee\". She also played supporting character roles as a sister or the heroine's friend in commercial big budget films including \"Saudagar\", \"Panaah\", \"Tehelka\" and \"Mujrim\". She was nominated for 'Best Supporting Actress' at the Filmfare Awards for her role as a disabled girl in \"Andha Yudh\" (1988). She had won a Special Jury Award at the 41st National Film Awards for \"Woh Chokri\" (1992). She also appeared as Kasturba Gandhi in Shyam Benegal's \"The Making of the Mahatma\", (1995). She acted with Madhavan in a thriller titled \"Yeh Kahaan Aa Gaye Hum\", which was stopped abruptly. Joshi has also worked in regional films, She has played the central character ‘Shantha’ in the critically acclaimed Malayalam movie \"Ilayum Mullum\" (1994), directed by K. P. Sasi and a pivotal role in the Kannada"
},
{
"title": "Pallavi Joshi",
"text": " film \"Bhujangayyana Dashavathara\" (1991) enacted and directed by Lokesh. She has also played a lead role in \"Rita\", a Marathi film directed by Renuka Shahane. She is also the recipient of the Excellence In Cinema Award at the 7th Global Film Festival, Noida. She has won a Best Supporting Actress at the 67th National Film Awards for her performance in \"The Tashkent Files\" (2019). In 2022, she appeared in Vivek Agnihotri directorial \"The Kashmir Files\" in which she played the character of Professor Radhika Menon. Joshi was nominated as a member of Film and Television Institute of India society, but she refused to take up the position in view of the students' protest against appointment of actor and BJP member Gajendra Chauhan as the chief of the institute's governing council.</s><s>Career.:Television, hosting and other work. Joshi's most significant hosting stint was co-anchor for popular music show \"Zee Antakshari\" for 5 years. Joshi also hosted a televised singing reality show \"Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Marathi L'il Champs\" on Zee Marathi. "
},
{
"title": "Pallavi Joshi",
"text": " She also acted in some episodes of \"Rishtey\", aired on Zee TV during 1999 and 2001. Her TV appearances include \"Mr. Yogi\", \"Bharat Ek Khoj\", \"Justujoo\", \"Alpviram\", \"Mriganayani\", \"Talash\" and \"Imtihaan\" and her most famous Doordarshan serial has been \"Aarohan\", a youth serial based on the navy. \"Justujoo\" was a weekly serial on Zee TV in 2002, which also starred Harsh Chhaya and Arpita Pandey. Joshi is also a producer of Marathi serials and has produced serials including \"Asambhav\" and \"Anubandh\" on Zee Marathi.</s><s>Personal life. Joshi was born on 4 April 1969. She married Indian film maker Vivek Agnihotri in 1997 and has two children. She is the sister of child actor Master Alankar (Joshi).</s><s>Filmography. - 1973 Naag Mere Sathi - 1976 Badla (Marathi) - 1976 Khamma Mara Veera (Gujarati) - 1976 Rakshabandhan - 1977 \"Aadmi Sadak Ka\""
},
{
"title": "Pallavi Joshi",
"text": " as Pinki (Child Artists) - 1977 \"Daku Aur Mahatma\" - 1977 \"Dream Girl\" as Pallavi (Child artist) - 1977 Ankh Ka Tara - 1977 Chor Ki Dadhi Main Tinka - 1977 Dost Asaava Tar Asa (Marathi) - 1977 Maa Dikri (Gujarati) - 1978 Chhota Baap - 1978 Madi Na Jaaya (Gujarati) - 1979 \"Dada\" as Munni (Child Artiste) - 1979 Parakh - 1980 Allakh Na Otle (Gujarati) - 1980 Mohabbat - 1981 \"Khoon Ki Takkar\" (Child Artiste) - 1984 \"Hum Bachhey Hindustan Ke\" (Child artist) - 1985 \"Susman\" as Chinna - 1985 Dikri Chhali sasariye (Gujarati) - 1985 Vanchit - 1986 \"Amrit\" as Sunita Saxena / Srivastav - 1986 \"Insaaf Ki Awaaz\" - 1987 \"Andha Yudh\" as Saroj - 1987 \"Theertham\" as Sreedevi - 1988 \"Agent 777\" - 1988 \"Subah Hone Tak\" - 1988 \""
},
{
"title": "Pallavi Joshi",
"text": "Andha Yudh\" - 1988 \"Rihaee\" (Special appearance) - 1988 \"Trishagni\" as Iti - 1989 \"Guru Dakshina\" - 1989 \"Daata\" as Shanti - 1989 \"Mr. Yogi\" as Bride - 1989 \"Mujrim\" as Sunanda Bose - 1990 \"Vanchit\" - 1990 \"Kroadh\" as Salma A. Khan - 1991 \"Mrignayanee\" (TV series) - 1991 \"Bhujangayyana Dashavathara\" (Kannada) - 1991 \"Jhoothi Shaan\" as Kaveri - 1991 \"Rukmavati Ki Haveli\" - 1991 \"Saudagar\" as Amla - 1992 \"Mangni\" - 1992 \"Priya\" - 1992 \"Panaah\" as Mamta - 1992 \"Tahalka\" as Julie - 1992 \"Talaash\" - 1993 \"Jeevan Mrityu\" Title of Zee Horror Show - 1993 \"Meri Pyari Nimmo\" - 1993 \"Suraj Ka Satvan Ghoda\" as Lily - 1994 \"Ilayum Mullum\" as Santha (Malayalam) -"
},
{
"title": "Pallavi Joshi",
"text": " 1994 \"Insaniyat\" as Munni - 1994 \"Woh Chokri\" (TV movie) as Afsara / Dulari / Tunni - 1995 \"Imtihaan\" - 1996 \"Aarohan (The Ascent)\" (TV series) - 1996 \"The Making of the Mahatma\" as Kasturba Gandhi - 1996 \"Yeh Kahan Aa Gaye Hum\" (TV series) - 1998 \"Alpviram\" as Amrita - 1999 \"Chocolate\" (TV Movie) - 2002 \"Justujoo\" (TV series) - 2004 \"Kkehna Hai Kuch Mujhko\" (TV series) - 2009 \"Rita\" as Rita - 2013 \"Prem Mhanje Prem Mhanje Prem Asta\" - 2015-16 \"Meri Awaaz Hi Pehchaan Hai\" (TV series) as Devika Gaikwad \"Aai\", Kalyani and Ketaki's mother - 2016 \"Buddha in a Traffic Jam\" as Sheetal Batki - 2017 \"Peshwa Bajirao\" as Tarabai - 2018 \"Grahan\" as Rama / Vasudha (Marathi) - 2019"
},
{
"title": "Pallavi Joshi",
"text": " \"The Tashkent Files\" as Aiysha Ali Shah - 2022 \"The Kashmir Files\" as Professor Radhika Menon</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Pallavi Joshi",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Asia/Pacific"
}
|
factscore-000387
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Julie Bishop.
|
[
{
"title": "Julie Bishop",
"text": "<s>Julie Bishop Julie Isabel Bishop (born 17 July 1956) is an Australian former politician who served as Minister for Foreign Affairs from 2013 to 2018 and deputy leader of the Liberal Party from 2007 to 2018. She was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Curtin from 1998 to 2019. She has been the chancellor of the Australian National University since January 2020. Bishop was born in Lobethal, South Australia, and studied law at the University of Adelaide. Prior to entering politics she worked as a commercial lawyer in Perth, Western Australia; she was the local managing partner of Clayton Utz. She was a delegate to the 1998 constitutional convention, and also served as a director of the Special Broadcasting Service (SBS) and as a member of the Murdoch University senate. Bishop was elected to parliament at the 1998 federal election, representing the Division of Curtin in Perth's western suburbs. In the Howard Government, she served as Minister for Ageing (2003–2006), Minister for Education and Science (2006–2007), and Minister for Women (2006–2007). After the Coalition lost the 2007 election, Bishop was elected deputy leader of the Liberal Party. She was the first woman to hold the position, and was re-elected to the post at multiple leadership spills following her initial"
},
{
"title": "Julie Bishop",
"text": " election. During her time as deputy, there were three different Liberal leaders—Brendan Nelson, Malcolm Turnbull, and Tony Abbott. When the Coalition returned to power at the 2013 election, Bishop was appointed Minister for Foreign Affairs in the Abbott Government. She was Australia's first female foreign minister. Issues that arose during her tenure included changes to the Australian foreign aid program, the international military intervention against ISIL, the shooting down of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17, and the execution of Australian citizens by Indonesia. In August 2018, Peter Dutton challenged Turnbull for the leadership of the Liberal Party, due to dissatisfaction from the party's conservative wing. Turnbull defeated Dutton in a leadership ballot, but tensions continued to mount and the party voted in favour of holding a second spill; Bishop chose to be a candidate. In the second vote, Bishop was eliminated in the first round by Peter Dutton and Scott Morrison, with Morrison elected as party leader (and thus prime minister) in the second round. She declined to retain the foreign affairs portfolio in the Morrison Ministry, instead moving to the backbench. Bishop retired from politics on 11 April 2019, before the impending federal election. On 1 January 2020, Bishop commenced her term as chancellor of the Australian National University. She is the first woman to be in this"
},
{
"title": "Julie Bishop",
"text": " position.</s><s>Early life. Bishop was born on 17 July 1956 in Lobethal, South Australia. She is the third of four children born to Isabel Mary (née Wilson) and Douglas Alan Bishop; she has two older sisters and a younger brother. Bishop has described her parents as \"classic Menzies Liberals\". Her father was a returned soldier and orchardist, while her mother's family were sheep and wheat farmers. Both her mother and grandfather William Bishop were active in local government, serving terms as mayor of the East Torrens District Council. Bishop grew up on an apple and cherry orchard in Basket Range. The year before she was born, it was burned to the ground in the Black Sunday bushfires. Bishop began her education at Basket Range Primary School and later attended St Peter's Collegiate Girls' School in Adelaide. She was the head prefect in her final year. Bishop went on to study law at the University of Adelaide. She worked two part-time jobs as a barmaid while at university—one at Football Park and one at a pub in Uraidla. She graduated with a Bachelor of Laws degree in 1978.</s><s>Professional career. After graduating law school, Bishop joined Wallmans, an Adelaide-based"
},
{
"title": "Julie Bishop",
"text": " law firm, as its first female articled clerk. She left after less than a year, in part due to an incident where a senior partner asked her to perform waitressing duties. In 1982, aged 26, she became a partner in the firm of Mangan, Ey & Bishop. The following year, she married West Australian property developer Neil Gillon, and moved to Perth. On arriving in WA, Bishop joined Robinson Cox as a solicitor specialising in commercial litigation and was made a full partner in 1985. According to Kerry Stokes, \"in the legal profession she was a very determined, reasoned person [...] there's not been much written about what a good executive Julie was—responsible for administering and running a partnership, not just a lawyer\". In the late 1980s, Robinson Cox was hired by CSR Limited to defend against compensation claims brought by asbestos mining workers, who had contracted mesothelioma while working for Midalco, a subsidiary of CSR. Bishop was part of the team assigned to the case, which developed an argument that a company was not legally responsible for the actions of its subsidiaries. The Supreme Court of Western Australia eventually decided to pierce the corporate veil and hold CSR liable for Midalco's actions; the lead litigant"
},
{
"title": "Julie Bishop",
"text": " died before the conclusion of the case, which lasted eight months. After becoming a public figure, Bishop was accused by opponents of acting immorally by involving herself in the case. She has said she conducted herself ethically and professionally, and per procedural advice given by barristers Robert French and David Malcolm (both future judges). As a legal advisor to the Western Australian Development Corporation, Bishop assisted in the incorporation of several new government enterprises, including Gold Corporation (the operator of the Perth Mint), LandCorp, and Eventscorp (a division of Tourism Western Australia). Robinson Cox merged into the larger firm of Clayton Utz in 1992, and she was made managing partner of the firm's Perth office in 1994. In the same year, she took up an appointment as chair of the state government's Town Planning Appeal Tribunal, serving a three-year term. In 1996, Bishop attended Harvard Business School for eight weeks to complete the Advanced Management Programme for senior managers. She has credited one of her lecturers there, George C. Lodge, with inspiring her to enter public life. In 1997, she was elected to the senate of Murdoch University and appointed as a director of the Special Broadcasting Service (SBS).</s><s>Early political involvement. Bishop joined the Liberal Party in 1992."
},
{
"title": "Julie Bishop",
"text": " She has credited the WA Inc scandal with making her think she \"did not ever want to see a Labor government elected again\". She was chosen as the president of the Liberal party's CBD branch the year she joined the party, serving until 1997. In 1998, Senator Nick Minchin invited her to serve as an appointed delegate to the 1998 national constitutional convention. She was a \"minimalist republican\", and voted against the final model because she considered it too radical and unlikely to succeed at a referendum. At the convention, she became acquainted with Peter Costello, at the time serving as federal treasurer under John Howard.</s><s>Howard Government.</s><s>Howard Government.:First years in parliament. Prior to the 1998 federal election, Bishop won Liberal preselection for the Division of Curtin, which takes in Perth's western suburbs. Her preselection bid received the support of Premier Richard Court, who had earmarked her as a future member of federal cabinet. The seat had been held for 17 years by Allan Rocher, who was a personal friend of Prime Minister John Howard but had left the Liberals in 1995 to sit as an independent. Howard did not want the Liberals to run a candidate against Rocher, and refused to campaign for Bishop; however, Peter Costello and Alexander Downer"
},
{
"title": "Julie Bishop",
"text": " both supported her candidacy and Costello launched her campaign. At the election, she reclaimed the seat for the Liberals with a large swing in her favour. After the Liberal Party lost the 2001 state election in Western Australia, Bishop was suggested by multiple media sources as a possible replacement for Richard Court as state Liberal leader (and thus Leader of the Opposition). It was later confirmed that Court favoured an arrangement where he and his deputy and factional rival, Colin Barnett, would resign their seats in the Legislative Assembly. Bishop would resign from federal Parliament and hand her seat to Barnett, and Court would hand the leadership of the WA Liberals to Bishop once she was safely in the state legislature by way of winning either Court or Barnett's old seats, both of which were within Curtin's boundaries and were comfortably safe for the Liberals. However, Bishop eventually rejected the deal.</s><s>Howard Government.:Elevation to the ministry. Bishop was appointed Minister for Ageing by Prime Minister John Howard in 2003. She was later promoted to Minister for Education and Science and Minister for Women in 2006 and served in those positions until the defeat of the Howard Government at the 2007 federal election. As education minister, Bishop's policies centred on the development of national education standards as well as performance-based pay for teachers"
},
{
"title": "Julie Bishop",
"text": ". On 13 April 2007, the Australian State Governments jointly expressed opposition to Bishop's pay policy. In the 2007 budget, the Federal Government announced a $5 billion \"endowment fund\" for higher education, with the expressed goal of providing world-class tertiary institutions in Australia. Some of Bishop's public comments on education, including the remark that \"the states have ideologically hijacked school syllabi and are wasting $180 million in unnecessary duplication\", were criticised by teachers. An advance media kit for a 2006 speech claimed parts of the contemporary curriculum came \"straight from Chairman Mao\"; the remark was dropped from her speech.</s><s>Deputy Leader of the Opposition. Following the 2007 election, Bishop was elected Deputy Leader of the Liberal Party on 29 November 2007; Brendan Nelson was elected Leader. In a ballot of Liberal Party room members, Bishop comfortably won with 44 votes, one more than the combined total of her two competitors, Andrew Robb (with 25 votes) and Christopher Pyne (with 18 votes). On 22 September 2008, Bishop was promoted to the role of Shadow Treasurer by Nelson's successor as Opposition Leader, Malcolm Turnbull, making her the first woman to hold that portfolio. On 16 February 2009, however, she was moved from that position, with widespread media speculation that her colleagues"
},
{
"title": "Julie Bishop",
"text": " were dissatisfied with her performance in the role. She was instead given the job of Shadow Minister for Foreign Affairs. After Tony Abbott was elected Liberal Leader following the 2009 leadership spill, Bishop retained her roles as Deputy Leader and Shadow Minister for Foreign Affairs. In 2010, Bishop defended the suspected forgery of Australian passports by Mossad, saying that many countries practised the forging of passports for intelligence operations, including Australia. The Rudd Government attacked Bishop over the statements, saying she had \"broken a long-standing convention\" of not speculating about intelligence practices. She later clarified her statement, saying, \"I have no knowledge of any Australian authority forging any passports of any nation.\" Following the Coalition's narrow loss in the 2010 federal election, Bishop was re-elected unanimously as Deputy Leader by her colleagues and retained the position of Shadow Minister for Foreign Affairs, while also being given the additional responsibility of Shadow Minister for Trade.</s><s>Minister for Foreign Affairs. After the Coalition won the 2013 federal election, new Prime Minister Tony Abbott confirmed Bishop as Minister for Foreign Affairs; she was sworn in by Governor-General Quentin Bryce on 18 September 2013. She became the only female member of the cabinet and was given the third-highest rank, after Abbott and Deputy Prime Minister Warren Truss. In"
},
{
"title": "Julie Bishop",
"text": " the months following her appointment several media reports claimed that Bishop, along with Social Services Minister Scott Morrison, were regarded internally as the best performing ministers in the Government. In December 2014, Bishop became only the second woman to serve as acting prime minister, after Julia Gillard. Throughout her tenure as foreign minister, Bishop had been frequently tipped by political commentators as a possible future leader of the Liberal Party and prime minister.</s><s>Minister for Foreign Affairs.:Foreign aid. One of Bishop's first steps after being appointed Minister for Foreign Affairs was to introduce sweeping changes to the Australian foreign aid program. These changes included abolition of the Australian foreign aid agency, AusAID, and extensive expenditure cuts. The new government was sworn into office on 18 September 2013. Incoming Prime Minister Tony Abbott announced the same day that AusAID would be integrated into the Department of Foreign Affairs (DFAT). The news of the proposed integration had been conveyed by Bishop to senior AusAID staff some days earlier. The official explanation for the integration of AusAID into DFAT was that “Integration will enable DFAT to better pursue Australia's national interests by ensuring closer alignment and mutually reinforcing linkages among the Government's aid, foreign affairs and trade efforts.” The impact of the integration"
},
{
"title": "Julie Bishop",
"text": " on the quality of Australia's aid program led to considerable debate. Sceptics pointed to the departure of a considerable number of experienced aid professionals from the former AusAID while the process of integration was taking place and argued that the culture and priorities of DFAT were not supportive of a quality aid program. Those in favour of the change argued that closer alignment with foreign affairs would ensure that the aid program was more relevant and would provide better value for money. Subsequently, Bishop announced substantial expenditure cuts in the aid program. In Opposition, the Liberal Party had publicly endorsed the aim of maintaining the Australian aid budget at the level of 0.5% of GDP. Aid spending amounted to around $5.0 billion in 2014/15. However budget cuts introduced after the new government took office led to marked reductions. Expenditure was reduced to around $4.2 billion in 2015/16. Further reductions were introduced in following years. Aid spending as a share of GDP fell from 0.32% in 2014/15 to an estimated 0.23% in 2018/19.</s><s>Minister for Foreign Affairs.:New Colombo Plan. Months after the Abbott Government took office, Bishop announced the implementation of a New Colombo Plan which would provide undergraduate students with funding to study in"
},
{
"title": "Julie Bishop",
"text": " several different locations within the Indo-Pacific. The plan started off in pilot form and after initial success the full program was rolled out in 2015.</s><s>Minister for Foreign Affairs.:ISIS fighters. In a 2015 speech explaining the Australian Government's measures against ISIS, Bishop compared the psychological underpinnings of ISIS with that of Nazism. Citing Eric Hoffer's seminal work \"The True Believer\", she argued that the declared Caliphate drew from the same source that drove the masses to support Hitler; \"Invincibility was—until the US-led airstrikes—all part of its attraction.\" In October 2014, Man Haron Monis wrote to Attorney-General George Brandis asking if he (Monis) could contact the leader of ISIS, two months before he took hostages in the Sydney siege. On 28 May 2015, Bishop told Parliament that the letter was provided to a review of the siege, before correcting the record three days later.</s><s>Minister for Foreign Affairs.:UN Security Council. Although Bishop fought against the Gillard Government's campaign to gain Australia a temporary two-year seat on the United Nations Security Council, she was widely lauded for her commanding performance when representing Australia on the Council in her capacity as Foreign Minister. She negotiated a successful resolution"
},
{
"title": "Julie Bishop",
"text": " that was adopted by the Council in regards to gaining full access to the crash site of Flight MH17. During the month of November 2014, Bishop chaired the Security Council and led meeting to discuss the threat of foreign fights, UN peacekeeping and the Ebola epidemic. Later, Bishop led negotiations to pass a resolution to set up an independent criminal tribunal into the downing of Flight MH17. Although Russia vetoed the resolution, Bishop was widely praised by other delegates for her work and for her strong statement following the veto that \"the anticipated excuses and obfuscation by the Russian Federation should be treated with the utmost disdain\".</s><s>Minister for Foreign Affairs.:Iran. In April 2015, Bishop paid an official visit to Iran, following the conclusion of a visit to India. She was the first Australian government minister to visit the country since 2003, having been personally invited by Iran's foreign minister, Mohammad Javad Zarif. They discussed the proposed nuclear deal and issues relating to Iranian asylum seekers in Australia. Bishop wore a headscarf or a hat for the duration of her visit, and did not shake hands with male dignitaries in order to avoid offending local sensibilities. She received some criticism for doing so, with Andrew Bolt rhetorically asking whether she should have \"subjugated herself\""
},
{
"title": "Julie Bishop",
"text": " to Islamic law. Head coverings are not mandatory for foreign women visiting Iran. In response, she said: \"As a matter of fact I wear scarves and hats and headgear quite often as part of my everyday wear\".</s><s>Minister for Foreign Affairs.:Myanmar. In early September 2017, as the Rohingya crisis in Myanmar became ethnic cleansing, Bishop said that Australia was deeply concerned by the escalating violence in Myanmar's Rakhine State and would provide up to to help Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh. In 2018, Bishop called \"for an end to the violence, for full and unhindered humanitarian access … and a full and transparent accountability of the human rights abuses\". She also said that Australia's relationship with Myanmar Army \"is designed to help promote positive change in Myanmar\".</s><s>Minister for Foreign Affairs.:Indonesia. Bishop was involved at the highest level of negotiations with the Indonesian Government in attempts to save the lives of convicted drug smugglers Myuran Sukumaran and Andrew Chan. Demonstrating Australia's opposition to the death penalty, Bishop was widely applauded for the manner in which she conducted negotiations. This was in stark contrast to the criticism faced by Tony Abbott who was ridiculed for remarks he made in regards to foreign aid provided by Australia to Indonesia. Despite"
},
{
"title": "Julie Bishop",
"text": " the Government's efforts, both Chan and Sukumaran were executed in April 2015. As a result of the executions, Bishop recalled the Australian Ambassador from Indonesia in condemnation of their decision. By August 2015, Bishop stated that Australia's relationship with Indonesia was \"back on track\" after privately meeting with the Indonesian Foreign Minister to discuss the fallout from the executions.</s><s>Minister for Foreign Affairs.:China. In May 2018, Geoff Raby, a former Australian Ambassador to China, criticised Bishop's handling of Australia–China relations, stating she had neglected the relationship between the countries and had angered Chinese leaders with \"strident public comments on the South China Sea\" and a speech questioning China's regional leadership. He called on Malcolm Turnbull to \"replace the Foreign Minister with someone better equipped for the demands of the job\". In response, Bishop said that Raby was \"profoundly ignorant [...] about the level of engagement between Australia and China at present and the state of the relationship\", and that he had not spoken to her or her office in several years. Turnbull said the opinion piece was \"utterly wrong\" and described Bishop as \"a formidable foreign minister, a great diplomat and a great colleague\".</s><s>Minister for Foreign Affairs.:Resignation and replacement. On 26"
},
{
"title": "Julie Bishop",
"text": " August 2018, Bishop issued a statement indicating that she would resign as Minister for Foreign Affairs. She was replaced by Senator Marise Payne on 28 August.</s><s>Liberal leadership issues.</s><s>Liberal leadership issues.:February 2015 leadership spill. In February 2015, in response to rising criticisms of his leadership, Tony Abbott called a spill of leadership positions. Both Julie Bishop and Communications Minister Malcolm Turnbull were reported by the media as considering challenging for the leadership. Opinion poll results consistently showed that both Bishop and Turnbull were preferred by the public to Abbott. Eventually a motion to move a leadership spill fell by 61 votes to 39, and Abbott consequentially remained in office.</s><s>Liberal leadership issues.:September 2015 leadership spill. On 14 September 2015, Malcolm Turnbull challenged Tony Abbott for the leadership of the Liberal Party. After Turnbull was elected, Bishop defeated a challenge from Kevin Andrews to retain her position as Deputy Leader by 70 votes to 30. Hours before Turnbull's challenge, Bishop had visited Abbott to advise him he had lost the confidence of the Parliamentary Liberal Party. She is said to have intended to vote for Abbott in the leadership vote until he declared her position vacant as well as his, after which she voted for Turnbull. Bishop was retained as Foreign Minister following the formation of the Turnbull Government.</s><s>"
},
{
"title": "Julie Bishop",
"text": "Liberal leadership issues.:August 2018 leadership spills. On 21 August 2018, Malcolm Turnbull called a leadership spill and defeated challenger Peter Dutton by 48 votes to 35. The deputy leadership was also declared vacant, with Bishop re-elected as deputy leader unopposed. Over the following days, there was widespread speculation about a second spill being called, and multiple media outlets reported on 23 August that Bishop would be a candidate for the leadership if that eventuated. A second spill was called on 24 August, and Bishop was eliminated on the first ballot with 11 votes out of 85 (or 12.9 percent). Morrison was elected leader over Dutton on the second ballot, and Josh Frydenberg was chosen as deputy leader. Bishop is the first woman to formally stand for the leadership of the Liberal Party, and only the second woman to stand for the leadership of one of Australia's two major parties, after the Labor Party's Julia Gillard.</s><s>Political positions. Bishop is regarded as a being a moderate within the Liberal Party, and has been described as holding similar views to Malcolm Turnbull. She has stated that she regards herself a \"very liberal-minded person\", an \"economic dry and a social liberal\", and a \"Menzian Liberal\". Bishop is in favour of an Australian"
},
{
"title": "Julie Bishop",
"text": " republic, having served as a delegate at the Constitutional Convention of 1998. When a conscience vote has been allowed by the Liberal Party, Bishop has always voted in a \"progressive\" manner, voting in favour of allowing stem cell research and for removing ministerial oversight of the abortion pill RU486.</s><s>Political positions.:Same-sex marriage. During the internal debate on same-sex marriage which divided the Liberal Party in August 2015, Bishop refused to publicly declare her personal views on the matter. However, her statement that she was \"very liberally minded\" on the topic was taken by many to be an allusion towards support of same-sex marriage. In a television interview in November 2015, Bishop confirmed that she supported same-sex marriage. In August 2015, Bishop spoke in favour of holding a plebiscite on the matter, believing that the issue should be put to a democratic vote so that it could no longer distract from the government's policy agenda. This ultimately became the policy adopted by the government. Following the postal plebiscite in 2017, which resulted in a \"Yes\" vote, Bishop stated that she had voted in support of same-sex marriage.</s><s>Retirement and later life. Following her retirement from political life, Bishop took up a position"
},
{
"title": "Julie Bishop",
"text": " on the board of the professional services company Palladium. In early August 2019 it was announced that she had agreed to take up the position of chancellor of Australian National University (ANU), commencing in January 2020. She would be the university's first female chancellor. Her predecessor is Gareth Evans, another former foreign minister. As chancellor, she will receive an annual honorarium of $75,000, the same amount as the outgoing chancellor Evans received in his final year. When the United Kingdom assumed the presidency of the G7 in 2021, Bishop was appointed by the country's Minister for Women and Equalities Liz Truss to a newly formed Gender Equality Advisory Council (GEAC) chaired by Sarah Sands. From 2021 to 2022, she was a member of the Trilateral Commission’s Task Force on Global Capitalism in Transition, chaired by Carl Bildt, Kelly Grier and Takeshi Niinami. In early March 2023 it was announced that she had signed on to speak at a series of leadership events in Sydney and Melbourne with former president of the United States Barack Obama. Later that month Bishop joined luxury Australian department store David Jones in a brand ambassador role. Consulting Work Following her retirement from Parliament, Bishop established consulting firm \"Julie Bishop & Partners\". It"
},
{
"title": "Julie Bishop",
"text": " was reported in January 2020 that Bishop had taken up a position with the UK financial firm Greensill Capital in December 2019 to \"provide strategic advice to Greensill and serve as chair of Greensill Asia Pacific\" as the company accelerated its expansion in the region. Lex Greensill, the founder of Greensill Capital, said that the company would \"draw on Julie's unparalleled experience and expertise -- particularly her international credentials cemented during five years as Australia's foreign minister.\" Over a year later, a scandal involving Greensill emerged in the United Kingdom. In April 2021 it was reported in the \"Financial Times\" and \"The Sunday Times\" that former UK prime minister David Cameron had been involved in lobbying activities within the UK government on behalf of Greensill. Shortly afterwards, it was reported in \"The Australian Financial Review\" that as part of Bishop's consulting activities with Greensill Capital in early 2020, she had attended meetings in Davos in Switzerland organised by Lex Greensill. In the meetings in Davos, Bishop joined with David Cameron to meet Lex Greensill to discuss the affairs of the company. In Davos, she and Lex Greensill also reportedly met the then-Australian finance minister Mathias Cormann. Cormann, who in March 2021 was elected as Secretary-General of"
},
{
"title": "Julie Bishop",
"text": " the OECD, is reported to have said that he was asked by Bishop to meet with Lex Greensill and David Cameron. These meetings in Davos took place shortly after Bishop had taken up her position as Chancellor of the ANU. Bishop's activities with Greensill in Davos were reportedly arranged \"in the margins\" of an ANU function for Australians and Australian businesses in Davos. In June, it was reported that Australian Treasury officials had confirmed to an Australian Senate committee that Bishop had lobbied Australian Treasurer Josh Frydenberg on behalf of Greensill and that Labor Party members of the Australian Parliamentary Committee on Corporations and Financial Services were pressing to have Bishop called before the committee for questioning. In connection with Bishop's connections with Greensill, the Australian Attorney General's Department confirmed that the Department had written to Bishop seeking clarification of her role at Greensill at the time that she contacted Frydenberg's office on behalf of the company.</s><s>Personal life. Bishop was married to property developer Neil Gillon from 1983 to 1988, taking his surname for the duration of the marriage. She later had relationships with Senator Ross Lightfoot and former Lord Mayor of Perth Peter Nattrass. She was in a relationship with businessman David Panton from 2014 to 2022. Bishop does not have children."
},
{
"title": "Julie Bishop",
"text": " In response to repeated media inquiries about the subject, she has stated that \"I'm not having kids, there's no point lamenting what was or what could have been\", and that she feels \"incredibly lucky that I've had the kind of career that is so consuming that I don't feel I have a void in my life\".</s><s>Honours. - Foreign honours - 5 September 2014: Commander of the Order of Merit, Ministry of Foreign Affairs - 24 October 2018: US Mission Award for Leadership Excellence, United States Mission, Australia</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Julie Bishop",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Asia/Pacific"
}
|
factscore-000388
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Vishal (actor).
|
[
{
"title": "Vishal (actor)",
"text": "<s>Vishal (actor) Vishal Krishna Reddy (born 29 August 1975), also known as Vishal, is an Indian actor and film producer from Tamil films. The younger son of film producer G. K. Reddy, Vishal studied Visual Communications at Loyola College, Chennai. Best known for his roles in action films, he produces films under his production company, Vishal Film Factory. Vishal made an entrance into the film industry as an assistant director for Arjun. He then became an actor and played his first lead role in the romantic thriller \"Chellamae\" (2004), before acting in the action films \"Sandakozhi\", \"Thimiru\", \"Thaamirabharani\" and \"Malaikottai\". Vishal chose to create his own production studio and has since produced and worked on \"Pandiya Naadu\" (2013), \"Naan Sigappu Manithan\" (2014) and \"Poojai\" (2014). Vishal was elected as the General Secretary of the Nadigar Sangam in October 2015 after initiating a movement against the previous committee. He was expelled from Tamil Film Producers' Council (TFPC) for remarks against the council. Later in"
},
{
"title": "Vishal (actor)",
"text": " April 2017, he won the election as President of Tamil Film Producers Council.</s><s>Early life and education. Vishal Krishna Reddy was born on 29 August 1975 into a Telugu family in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. His father GK Reddy is a businessman and a film producer for Telugu and Tamil films. His elder brother Vikram Krishna is also an actor and producer who has produced several of Vishal's films. Vishal did his schooling at Don Bosco Matriculation Higher Secondary School, Chennai. He was then graduated in visual communications from the Loyola College, Chennai.</s><s>Acting career.</s><s>Acting career.:2004–2011. Vishal assisted actor-director Arjun Sarja in his venture \"Vedham\" (2001), and a producer spotted Vishal on the sets of the film and signed him to appear in an acting role in Gandhi Krishna's \"Chellamae\" (2004). Accepting the role, Vishal prepared by joining Koothu-P-Pattarai to hone his acting skills and played the protagonist role of Raghunandan, whose wife is kidnapped by her childhood friend. A critic described his performance is \"apt\" but \"there was plenty left to hone\". His"
},
{
"title": "Vishal (actor)",
"text": " next film was \"Sandakozhi\" (2005) with N. Linguswamy, who had previously worked with his father's production house as an assistant director. Vishal was described to have \"improved from his \"Chellamae\" days\" and \"clicked as an action hero\". Film journalists stated that he was \"the fastest rising action hero\" of the time. After a cameo as himself in Sasi's \"Dishyum\" (2006), he went on to appear in Tarun Gopi's action film \"Thimiru\" (2006). The film opened to mixed reviews with Vishal being praised for his intense performance with a critic calling his performance \"the film's only strength and, to an extent, making up for the weak script and poor characterisation\". The film became Vishal's third consecutive commercial success, and he began to emerge in Tamil films. His next film, the political action drama \"Sivappathigaram\" (2006), directed by Karu Pazhaniappan was a failure financially despite favourable reviews. His next film was released in January 2007, Hari's multi-starring family action drama \"Thaamirabharani\" (2007) and the film went on"
},
{
"title": "Vishal (actor)",
"text": " to gain considerable box office success, carrying good reports amidst other big budget releases. Later in the year, he appeared in Boopathy Pandian's \"Malaikottai\" (2007), a comedy entertainer. In his first full-length comic role, Vishal received mixed feedback for his portrayal from critics, with Rediff stating that he is \"a far cry from the rather endearing young man in Sandakozhi\", whilst describing his performance as \"cringe-able\". Behindwoods stated it as an \"Average masala-mix entertainer\". The film took a large opening and was declared a blockbuster, featuring in the top 10 at behindwoods box office. In the year 2008, for the first time, Vishal portrayed a police officer in \"Sathyam\", which became a commercial failure at the box office. Then both his films \"Thoranai\" (2009) and \"Theeradha Vilaiyattu Pillai\" (2010) were just average grossers. Additionally, the box-office duds, \"Sathyam\" and \"Thoranai\", both of which were bilingual in Tamil and Telugu, failed to establish his popularity in Telugu cinema. Vishal was then given the opportunity to feature in B"
},
{
"title": "Vishal (actor)",
"text": "ala's dark comedy \"Avan Ivan\" (2011), after being recommended to the director by his friend Arya. Portraying a village stage actor with a squint, Vishal had severe eye pain and headaches, and he also had a serious muscular injury on sets. The film opened to mixed reviews, though Vishal's performance won positive reviews. \"Indiaglitz\" stated that Vishal delivered an \"award winning performance\" and that his \"mannerisms and body language give you goosebumps\". The reviewer further cited that \"Vishal's spontaneous response to his mentor's death in the movie is touching. His demonstration of \"Navarasas\" in front of actor Suriya will melt you in tears\". Vishal played the role of a police officer in his following release \"Vedi\" (2011), directed by Prabhu Deva, which was declared an instant flop at the box office.</s><s>Acting career.:2013–present. In the 2013 film \"Samar\", Vishal played a forest trek guide. Behindwoods stated that he \"rocks in the action sequences\". Following a cameo role in \"Theeya Velai Seiyyanum Kumaru\", he starred in the action films \"P"
},
{
"title": "Vishal (actor)",
"text": "attathu Yaanai\" and \"Pandiya Naadu\". The latter was Vishal's debut production venture, while the former was the film debut of Aishwarya Arjun, the daughter of Arjun Sarja. Vishal opted to produce and collaborate with Thiru for a third venture \"Naan Sigappu Manithan\" (2014), a revenge drama, in which his character had narcolepsy. To prepare for the lead role, Vishal read up and studied real life case studies of people with the disorder, citing that there were no references from cinema which he could watch and learn. Then he had acted under director Hari for the second time in \"Poojai\" (2014), which did somewhat good business at the box office. In 2015, he acted two films, namely, \"Aambala\" and \"Paayum Puli\". In 2016, he appeared in three movies; \"Kathakali\", \"Marudhu\" and \"Kaththi Sandai\". The first two were average grossers, while \"Kaththi Sandai\" became a flop at the box office. In January 2017, Vishal signed his debut Malayalam film, as the main antagonist in"
},
{
"title": "Vishal (actor)",
"text": " the Mohanlal-starrer \"Villain\", directed by B. Unnikrishnan. In September 2017, Vishal played a detective in \"Thupparivaalan\" directed by Mysskin which was loosely based on the British writer Arthur Conan Doyle's detective character, Sherlock Holmes. The film was a commercial success and was appreciated by audiences and critics. In 2018, Vishal had two major releases. The first one was \"Irumbu Thirai\" directed by newcomer P. S. Mithran which released in May 2018. And second was \"Sandakozhi 2\" released in October 2018 was written and directed by N. Linguswamy. A sequel to the successful \"Sandakozhi\" (2005), the film stars Vishal in his 25th film. The film turned out to be an average grosser. In 2019, he did one movie titled \"Action\" directed by Sundar C. The film received mixed reviews and was a box office failure. In 2021, he acted in the action thriller \"Chakra\" directed my newcomer M.S Anandan. The film which released on 19 February, received mixed reviews from critics and audience.</s><s>Acting career.:Tamil Film Producers Council (2017–"
},
{
"title": "Vishal (actor)",
"text": "present). He was elected as \"President\" of Tamil Film Producers Council election, which was held on 2 April 2017. Apart from this, Vishal is also a staunch advocate against online piracy since 2014, having started an anti-piracy cell.</s><s>Acting career.:Television. He made his television début in October 2018 as a host of \"Sun Naam Oruvar\", a talk show airing on Sun TV.</s><s>Politics. Vishal filed his nomination as an independent candidate for the by-poll to Radhakrishnan Nagar constituency in Chennai, which fell vacant following Jayalalithaa's death in December 2017. But his nomination was rejected.</s><s>Legal issues. Vishal was arrested by police in December 2018 when he tried to enter inside the Tamil Film Producers Council in T Nagar, Chennai by forcefully trying to break the lock. The council was locked by 300 film producers alleging that Vishal failed to fulfil his promises during the elections in 2015.</s><s>Playback singing. Vishal made his debut as a playback singer in Madha Gaja Raja, an unreleased film directed by Sundar C, crapping up for the song My Dear Loveru.</s><s>Filmography.</s><s>Filmography.:Film"
},
{
"title": "Vishal (actor)",
"text": ". - \"All films are in Tamil, unless otherwise noted.\"</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Vishal (actor)",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Asia/Pacific"
}
|
factscore-000389
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Adnan Sami.
|
[
{
"title": "Adnan Sami",
"text": "<s>Adnan Sami Adnan Sami Khan (born 15 August 1971) is an Indian singer, musician, music composer and pianist. He performs Indian and Western music, including for Hindi, Kannada, Telugu and Tamil movies. He has been awarded with Padma Shri (India's fourth highest civilian award) for his remarkable contribution in music. His most notable instrument is the piano. He has been credited as \"the first musician to have played the santoor and Indian classical music on the piano\". A review in the US-based \"Keyboard\" magazine described him as the fastest keyboard player in the world and called him the keyboard discovery of the nineties. He was raised and educated in the United Kingdom and spent his life in Canada. He was born to Arshad Sami Khan, a Pakistani Air Force veteran and diplomat of Pashtun origin, and Naureen, who was originally from the Indian Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. \"The Times of India\" has called him the \"Sultan of Music\". In 2016 he became an Indian citizen. He was awarded the Padma Shri on 26 January 2020.</s><s>Early life and education. Sami was born in London, England on 15 August 1971. He was"
},
{
"title": "Adnan Sami",
"text": " raised and educated in the United Kingdom. His father, Arshad Sami Khan, was a Pakistani Pashtun while his mother Naureen Khan was an Indian from Jammu. Adnan's father served as a Pakistan Air Force pilot, before becoming a senior bureaucrat and serving as Pakistan's ambassador to 14 countries. His paternal great-great-grandfather, General Ahmed Jan, was from Afghanistan and a military advisor to king Abdur Rahman Khan. His paternal great-grandfather Agha Mehfooz Jan was the governor of four Afghan provinces under King Amanullah Khan's reign and was also the King's first cousin, while his paternal grandfather Abdul Sami Khan served as the Deputy Inspector General of Police. Agha Mehfooz Jan was assassinated by Habibullah Kalakani and therefore Sami's father's family migrated to Peshawar, then in British India. Sami attended Rugby School in Rugby, West Midlands, UK. Adnan followed his bachelor's degree with a law degree (LLB) from King's College London. He went on to qualify as a barrister from Lincoln's Inn, England. He had played the piano since the age of five and composed his first piece of music when he was nine years old. Sami began taking lessons"
},
{
"title": "Adnan Sami",
"text": " in Indian classical music from the santoor maestro Pandit Shivkumar Sharma when visiting India during his school vacations. Indian singer Asha Bhosle saw him at age ten at an R. D. Burman concert in London, and encouraged him to take up music as a career. He is an accomplished concert pianist, music composer and singer with a command of Indian and Western classical/semi-classical music, jazz, rock and pop music. As a teenager, Adnan, when performing on the piano on a TV program in Stockholm, was described by the US-based \"Keyboard\" magazine as the fastest man on keyboard in the world and the keyboard discovery of the nineties. Sami went on to learn Indian classical music from Pandit Shivkumar Sharma, the Santoor maestro in India. At the age of sixteen, Sami was approached to write a song for famine-hit Ethiopia, for which he won a special award from UNICEF. In his career of 32 years, Sami has won many international awards including the Nigar Award, Bolan Academy Award and Graduate Award. Adnan is the youngest recipient of the Naushad Music Award for Excellence in Music. Previous recipients of this award include Lata Mang"
},
{
"title": "Adnan Sami",
"text": "eshkar and Music Maestro Khayam. Sami was invited as a member of the jury of the music festival Voice of Asia competition held annually at Almaty, Kazakhstan.</s><s>Career. His first single, \"Run for His Life\", was released in 1986. It was in English, and recorded for UNICEF. It went to No. 1 in the music charts in the Middle East. This was followed by three more No. 1s: \"Talk to Me\", \"Hot Summer Day\" and \"You're My Best Kept Secret\". His first formal album, \"The One & Only\" (1989), was a classical album on the piano accompanied by tabla maestro Zakir Hussain. He released his first vocal solo album \"Raag Time\" in 1991. The song from his album \"Teri Yaad\" was the title track of his first album, which became a huge hit in Pakistan. In 1994, he composed music for a film for the first time. The 1995 Pakistani film \"Sargam\", in which he was the lead actor and Indian playback singer Asha Bhosle did the playback \"Sargam\", was a box office success. It was also the first time that an Indian playback singer was featured in"
},
{
"title": "Adnan Sami",
"text": " an album in Pakistan. To date \"Sargam\" is the only film Sami has acted in, and the score is the best-selling album of all time in Pakistan. In 2000, Asha Bhosle collaborated with Sami on a collection of love songs named \"Kabhi to Nazar Milao\" in India. The music was also composed by Adnan. The album became an instant success and topped the Indipop charts for most of 2001 and 2002. According to \"Business Week\" magazine, the album sold 4 million copies in India alone. Two songs from the album \"Kabhi To Nazar Milao\", whose music video featured model Aditi Gowitrikar, and \"Lift Karaa De\", whose music video starred the popular Indian actor Govinda became popular at that time. The videos were shot by Anil Mehta, who had shot popular Hindi films like \"Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam\" and \"Lagaan\". Because of the album's success, Magnasound and Sami released an album named \"Always Yours\" which was a remix version of numbers from that album. He soon became popular, which led Hindi filmmaker Boney Kapoor to invite him to provide music for his film. This"
},
{
"title": "Adnan Sami",
"text": " was the beginning for him to compose and sing for Hindi films and for the top Hindi film producers of the time like Yash Chopra and Subhash Ghai. Due to the popularity of his music videos and live performances, he started getting acting offers at the same time. The song \"Tu Sirf Mera Mehboob\" from the Hindi film \"Ajnabee\", sung by Adnan, became popular and was declared a \"superhit\" by \"Screen Magazine\", who called him the pop personality of the year in 2001. In 2002, Pepsi Foods made Sami its brand ambassador in India, a contract which involved hosting a series of live music concerts across cities as well as featuring in ads for Pepsi products. He is the only artist in all of Asia and Europe to have endorsed Pepsi Cola and Coca-Cola together. According to the Pakistani newspaper \"Dawn\", no Pakistani artist has ever managed to gain as much popularity in India as Sami has. According to an article in \"The Times of India\", Sami is the \"most successful face in non-film music in India\". His second studio album, \"Tera Chehra\", was released in October 2002 to critical acclaim. The music videos for this album were shot by Binod Prad"
},
{
"title": "Adnan Sami",
"text": "han, who had shot the popular 2002 Hindi film \"Devdas\". The album features Bollywood stars Rani Mukerji in the title track and Amitabh Bachchan in the track \"Kabhi Nahi\", who also sang the duet with Sami. Actress Mahima Chaudhry was also seen in another song. The title track was written by well-known Hindi movie lyricist Sameer. According to \"Screen Magazine\", it was the only successful pop album of the year. Sami's \"Tera Chehra\" broke sales records by becoming India's best-selling album of 2002 (including film soundtracks), continuing its No. 1 position in 2003, and by becoming the best-selling Indian album of all time (including film soundtracks) in the U.S. and Canada. The album stayed in the No. 1 position in all the music charts of India from the time of its release in September 2002 for over a year, beating his debut album's No. 1 record. \"Saathiya\" (2002) brought him the opportunity to work with A. R. Rahman in the form of \"Aye Udi Udi\". According to \"Screen Magazine\", the song was \"the highlight of the album\". Red"
},
{
"title": "Adnan Sami",
"text": "iff.com called him the \"Reigning King of Indipop\" in early 2003 based on the sales of his albums in the previous two years. His most successful albums have been \"Kabhi To Nazar Milao\" (with Asha Bhosle) and \"Tera Chehra\", and his music videos usually have had Bollywood stars in them, including Namrata Shirodkar (\"Bheegi Bheegi Raat\"), Mahima Chaudhry, Raveena Tandon, Rani Mukerji (\"Tera Chehra\"), Govinda, Fardeen Khan, Amisha Patel (\"O Meri Jaan\"), Bhumika Chawla (\"Maahiya\"), Dia Mirza (\"Pal Do Pal\") and Amitabh Bachchan (Kabhi Nahi). Since 2003, he has sung for a few Tamil movies like \"Boys\", \"Aaytha Ezhuthu\" composed by A. R. Rahman. The songs, \"Boom Boom\" from \"Boys\" and \"Nenjamellam Kadhal\" from \"Aayitha Ezhuthu\", were hits. He also sang for the Tamil and Telugu versions besides the Hindi version of songs from"
},
{
"title": "Adnan Sami",
"text": " the movie \"Yuva\" (2004), whose music was also composed by A. R. Rahman. Besides Rahman, he has also worked with composer Yuvan Shankar Raja, and sang the Tamil songs \"Oh Intha Kadhal\" from \"Satham Podathey\" and \"OruKal\" from \"Siva Manasula Sakthi\". He sang the song \"Chanchadi Adi Urang Nee\" in the Malayalam movie \"Makalkku\". He has also sung for a Kannada film. His first Kannada song was \"Don't Worry Madabeda\" for the film \"Super Star\" starring Upendra. He has also worked with music composers Devi Sri Prasad and M. M. Keeravani and sang songs in Telugu films \"Varsham\", \"Chatrapathi\", \"Shankar Dada MBBS\" and \"100% Love\". In 2005, he suffered from lymphoedema and developed an abscess in the knee, which interrupted his career. In 2006, he took a sabbatical and reportedly lost 130 kg. He came back in April 2007 with the album \"Kisi Din\". In 2007, he sang the soundtrack \"D"
},
{
"title": "Adnan Sami",
"text": "il Kya Kare\" from the Hindi film \"\" and \"Noor-e-Khuda\" from \"My Name Is Khan\". He was also one of the guest judges on the Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Challenge 2007. He has composed film music for several other Hindi films, including \"\", \"Yeh Raaste Hain Pyar Ke\", \"Dhamaal\", \"1920\", \"Chance Pe Dance\", \"Mumbai Salsa\", \"Khubsoorat\", \"Sadiyaan\", \"Shaurya\" and several others. As a classical concert pianist, Sami has given solo performances before royalty such as the King of Sweden and King Hussein of Jordan. He has performed before heads of state and governments such as President Mitterrand of France, the President of the United Arab Emirates, the President and Prime Minister of India, the President and Prime Minister of Pakistan, the President and Prime Minister of Kazakhstan, the Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan, the Prime Minister of Sweden and Princess Christina of Sweden. Adnan has performed for music festivals to sold-out stadiums of his solo concert tours all over the world in over forty countries. Sami wrote a song for India during the 2003 Cricket World Cup. The video of this song captures"
},
{
"title": "Adnan Sami",
"text": " the nationalistic spirit of competition, depicting Adnan performing with the Indian cricket team with guest appearances from Indian film stars like Amitabh Bachchan, Abhishek Bachchan, Fardeen Khan and Kareena Kapoor. His work has associated him with prominent people from the Indian film and music industry. On 15 December 2002, BBC World Service celebrated 70 years of broadcasting by organizing a worldwide live concert with artists representing different parts of the world who performed before a global audience via satellite. Sami was chosen to represent India. In the summer of 2003, Sami became the only musical artist from the entire Asian region to have sold out Wembley Stadium in London for two nights in a row; this was recorded in the Limca Book of World Records (Asia's equivalent to the West's \"Guinness Book of World Records\"). He did this again in 2005, 2008, and 2012. In 2010, Sami received the \"Lifetime Achievement Award\" from the Prime Minister of Pakistan at a ceremony by Pakistan Television. In 2011, Sami was given the \"Glory of India Award\" by the India International Friendship Society. This was the 350th anniversary of the completion of the Taj Mahal, and Sami gave a solo concert performance in front of the Taj"
},
{
"title": "Adnan Sami",
"text": " Mahal on the final night of the celebrations. After this performance, the Indian media dubbed him the \"Sultan of Music\". He hosted the Indian version of the American music game show \"Don't Forget the Lyrics!\" called \"Bol Baby Bol\" on the Star TV network in 2008. Prior to that in 2005, he was the sole jury for the singing competition program on Channel [V] called \"Super Singer\". In 2011, Adnan returned as a judge on the singing reality show \"Sa Re Ga Ma Pa L'il Champs\", which became popular worldwide. He performed a qawwali \"Bhar Do Jholi Meri\" in the 2015 film \"Bajrangi Bhaijaan\", he appeared in the movie as well.</s><s>Personal life. Sami first married to actress Zeba Bakhtiar in 1993, with whom he had a son named Azaan Sami Khan. They divorced after three years. Sami began living in India since 13 March 2001, on a visitor's visa which was extended from time to time. In 2001, Sami married Dubai-based Arab Sabah Galadari. This was his second marriage and Sabah's second marriage as well; she had a son from her"
},
{
"title": "Adnan Sami",
"text": " previous marriage. This relationship also ended in divorce, a year-and-a-half later. In June 2006, he weighed 230 kilograms (506 lb); he claimed his doctor had given him just six months to live. By diet and exercise, he lost in 16 months. In 2008, his wife Sabah returned to Mumbai, remarried him and began living with him, but the marriage only lasted one year, after which Sabah filed for divorce again. In 2009, his father died of pancreatic cancer, which he described as the \"biggest blow\" of his life, saying that he had been extremely close to his father. On 29 January 2010 Sami married Roya Sami Khan, the daughter of a retired diplomat and army general. He first met Roya in India during her visit in 2010 and proposed to her after some time. On 10 May 2017, he became a father to a daughter, Medina Sami Khan. On 26 May 2015, he submitted a request for Indian citizenship to the Ministry of Home Affairs, when his Pakistani passport expired, he had lived an adequate number of years in India that made him eligible for Indian citizenship hence he naturalised as an Indian citizen. In late December 2015, the Indian Home Ministry approved his request for"
},
{
"title": "Adnan Sami",
"text": " legal status as a citizen of India, effective as of 1 January 2016.</s><s>Filmography.</s><s>Filmography.:As an actor. - \"Sargam\" (1995) - \"Bajrangi Bhaijaan\" (2015)</s><s>Filmography.:As a music director and composer. - \"Sargam\" (1995) - \"Love at Times Square\" (2003) - \"\" (2005) - \"Dhamaal\" (2007) - \"Mumbai Salsa\" (2007) - \"Khushboo\" (2008) - \"1920\" (2008) - \"Shaurya\" (2008) - \"Daddy Cool\", co-director: Raghav Sachar - \"Sadiyaan\" (2010) - \"Chance Pe Dance\" (2010), co-director: Pritam Chakraborty, Ken Ghosh, Sandeep Shirodkar</s><s>Discography. \"Badaltay Mausam\" (1997) was re-released in India as \"Kabhi To Nazar Milao\" (2000).</s><s>Awards and accolades. Sami has won a number of international awards, including the Nigar Award, the Bolan Academy Award"
},
{
"title": "Adnan Sami",
"text": ", and the Graduate Award. He was given a special award by UNICEF for the song he wrote for famine-hit Ethiopia as a teenager and a United Nations Peace Medal for a song he wrote and performed for Africa. A review of his piano solo performance on British TV Channel 4 in \"Keyboard\" magazine called him the \"Keyboard Discovery of the 90s\". In 2001, he was awarded the Breakthrough Artist of the Year by MTV. Swedish and British radio and television have often referred to him as the fastest keyboard player in the world. Adnan has performed for prestigious music festivals to sold-out stadiums of his solo concert tours all over the world in over forty countries. In summer 2003, he became the only Asian artist to have sold out Wembley Stadium, London, for two consecutive nights, which won him a place in the Limca Book of Records. As a classical concert pianist, Sami has given performances before the King of Sweden and King Hussein of Jordan. In 2007, Sami was given a Special Award from the U.K. Parliament (House of Commons) for his 'Outstanding Contribution to Sub-Continental Music'. In 2008, he was presented the \"Naushad Music Award\" by Andhra Pradesh Department of Culture,"
},
{
"title": "Adnan Sami",
"text": " in Hyderabad. In 2008 he also won \"Best International Act\" at the UK Asian Music Awards. In 2013, he was given the BrandLaureate International Brand Personality award by the President of The BrandLaureate, Dr KK Johan, in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Later in 2013, Sami was given a Special Award by the Canadian Parliament for his 'Exceptional Services to Indian Music'. In April 2017, Sami became the first South Asian to have performed at London's Wembley Stadium 8 times; tickets were sold out on all 8 occasions. The Mayor of London, Sadiq Khan, attended the concert. In January 2020, he was awarded the Padma Shri, India's fourth highest civilian honour in the field of Arts, by Government of India. He received the award from President of India on 8 November 2021</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Adnan Sami",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Asia/Pacific"
}
|
factscore-000390
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Grant Bowler.
|
[
{
"title": "Grant Bowler",
"text": "<s>Grant Bowler Grant Bowler (born 18 July 1968) is a New Zealand-Australian actor and television presenter who has worked in American, Australian, New Zealand, and Canadian film, television, and theatre. He is known for playing the role of Constable Wayne Patterson in \"Blue Heelers\" and Wolfgang West in \"Outrageous Fortune\". He also appeared as Wilhelmina Slater's love interest Connor Owens in \"Ugly Betty\". He starred as Joshua Nolan on the Syfy television series \"Defiance\". As a presenter, he was best known for hosting reality game shows – including \"The Mole Australia\" and \"The Amazing Race Australia\", both of which aired on the Seven Network. Bowler has been the voiceover for \"\" for the Seven Network since 2004. He has also provided the voiceover for the and the American version of the show when those version screen in Australia & New Zealand as \"Border Security: International\", which often air on 7two.</s><s>Personal life. Bowler was born in Auckland, New Zealand, but moved to Australia when he was young, and was raised in Brisbane. In 2011, he separated from his wife of nine years, Australian actress Roxane Wilson, with whom he has two children.</s><s>Career"
},
{
"title": "Grant Bowler",
"text": ". Bowler is a graduate of the National Institute of Dramatic Art. He worked extensively in theatre with the Bell Shakespeare Company touring with the original company founded by John Bell. His first television role was as Constable Wayne Patterson on \"Blue Heelers\", from 1993 to 1996. After leaving that show, he spent time on \"Pacific Drive\" in 1996 and \"Medivac\" from 1996 to 1998. He had recurring roles on \"Always Greener\" and \"Stingers\", starred in the television adaptation of \"On the Beach\", spent a year on the ABC series \"Something in the Air\", and starred in the 2004 miniseries \"Through My Eyes\" about the disappearance of Azaria Chamberlain. Bowler had a recurring role on \"All Saints\" from 2004 to 2005. Bowler also hosted the Australian version of \"The Mole\", hosting the show from 2000 to 2003. He was replaced as host on the 2005 series by Tom Williams because of family commitments and hosting duties with \"\". Bowler serves as the narrator of the reality show \"\", a duty which he began as host in 2004, though he stopped appearing on camera after the first season. Bowler starred in the New Zealand series \"Outrageous Fortune\". Bowler's acting career has developed since"
},
{
"title": "Grant Bowler",
"text": " he first began playing Wolf, but although the character is not in every episode, he has turned down other roles to continue in \"Outrageous Fortune\". Starting with the season four episode \"Ji Yeon\", Bowler plays the guest role of Captain Gault, the captain of a freighter on the popular American television series \"Lost\". In 2008, he became a recurring regular on \"Ugly Betty\", in which he played the corrupt CFO of Meade Publications (Connor Owens) who romanced the series' main villain Wilhelmina Slater. Bowler said of his character, \"He's got a lot of evil secrets.\" In December 2009, he was cast in the role of Cooter, a werewolf, in the HBO urban fantasy series \"True Blood\", for that show's third season. In late 2010, he was announced as the host of Seven Network's \"The Amazing Race Australia\" and hosted the show for 3 seasons. He did not return to host for the 2019 Network 10 revival of the series, being replaced by Beau Ryan. He played Hank Rearden in \"\" (2011), the first part of a planned three-part film adaptation of Ayn Rand's novel of the same name. He was also seen in 2011 in \"The"
},
{
"title": "Grant Bowler",
"text": " City of Gardens\", as well as the film \"Killer Elite\". In 2012, Bowler was cast as Richard Burton opposite Lindsay Lohan as Elizabeth Taylor in the biographical TV-movie \"Liz & Dick\" for Lifetime in the US. He was seen in the war drama \"Gallipoli\", released in 2015 on Channel 9, Australia. Bowler was also seen in the psychological action film \"Swelter\", alongside Jean-Claude Van Damme and Alfred Molina, in the sci-fi thriller \"400 Days\" with Brandon Routh and Dane Cook, \"Lucky Dog\" with Amy Smart, and the family movie, \"Zooey to the Max\". In 2020, Bowler appeared in a recurring role in \"The Baker and the Beauty\" playing the Australian father of lead character Noa Hamilton, played by Nathalie Kelley.</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Grant Bowler",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Asia/Pacific"
}
|
factscore-000391
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Shoya Nakajima.
|
[
{
"title": "Shoya Nakajima",
"text": "<s>Shoya Nakajima After starting his career with Tokyo Verdy of the J2 League and FC Tokyo of the J1 League, he spent several years in Portugal's Primeira Liga with Portimonense and Porto. He also had brief spells in Qatar, the United Arab Emirates and Turkey. He was part of the Japanese under-23 team at the 2016 Olympics. First capped at senior level in 2018, he was part of the Japan team at the 2019 Copa América.</s><s>Club career.</s><s>Club career.:Portimonense. On 27 August 2017, Nakajima moved abroad for the first time, signing a season-long loan with Portimonense of Portugal's Primeira Liga. After scoring 10 goals and as many assists in 32 total matches for the team from the Algarve, he signed a permanent deal in May 2018.</s><s>Club career.:Al Duhail. In February 2019, Nakajima joined Qatar Stars League side Al Duhail for a reported transfer fee of €35 million. He played seven games for the eventual runners-up, and scored once in a 6–0 home win over Al Ahli on 28 February.</s><s>Club career.:Porto. On 5 July 2019, Porto"
},
{
"title": "Shoya Nakajima",
"text": " announced an agreement with Al-Duhail for the acquisition of Nakajima's sports rights, in a €12 million transfer fee (50% of the player economic rights). He signed a five-year contract, keeping him contractually linked until 30 June 2024, with an €80 million release clause. Nakajima made his Porto debut on 13 August 2019 in the second leg of the UEFA Champions League third qualifying round away to Krasnodar, playing the full 90 minutes of a 3–2 loss that eliminated the team on the away goals rule. He scored his first goal on 19 December 2019, the only one of a home win over Santa Clara in the fifth round of the Taça de Portugal, his 17th appearance. On 16 January 2021, Nakajima joined Al Ain of the UAE Pro League on a six-month loan deal including an optional €40 million transfer clause. After his time in the Middle East was ended by a tibia break, on 25 August that year he returned on loan to Portimonense for a season.</s><s>Club career.:Antalyaspor. Nakajima signed for Turkish club Antalyaspor in 2022. He made his debut on 18 September 2022 against Adana Demirspor, coming on"
},
{
"title": "Shoya Nakajima",
"text": " the 59th minute only to be sent off in just 20 seconds after receiving a red card for a late sliding tackle.</s><s>International career.</s><s>International career.:Youth level and under-23 career. Nakajima was first selected to represent the Japanese under-17 national team when he was called up to the Slovakia Cup, a friendly tournament in early May 2011 that served the purpose of preparing the squad for the FIFA U-17 World Cup. A month later, he was in Mexico playing at the 2011 U-17 World Cup, where he appeared in two matches and scored one goal in a 3–2 loss against Brazil in the quarter-finals. In August 2013, Nakajima was called for the Japanese under-20 national team to participate in the L'Alcúdia International Football Tournament in Spain. The squad was eliminated in the group stage, and he scored in a 2–1 win against Argentina. In January 2014, Nakajima played for the Japanese under-23 national team in the 2013 AFC U-22 Championship. He appeared in all three matches of the group stage, scoring once against Iran and twice against Australia, as the team reached the quarter-finals. In September 2014, Nakajima was called for the 2014 Asian"
},
{
"title": "Shoya Nakajima",
"text": " Games, scoring against Iraq and Nepal in the group stage. The team reached the quarter-finals. In March 2015, he played two matches in the AFC U-23 Championship qualification and scored a double against Vietnam. The team reached the first place of the group and was granted the qualification for the 2016 AFC U-23 Championship. In January 2016, he participated in the championship, scoring a double in the extra-time of the quarter-finals match against Iraq and eventually won the competition with a 3–2 triumph against South Korea. Nakajima was also crown the Most Valuable Player of the Tournament. In August 2016, he was selected for the Japanese Olympic national team (under-23) that competed in the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro. He played three matches and scored a goal against Colombia, while the team came third in the group stage.</s><s>International career.:Senior career. On 15 March 2018, Nakajima was called by national manager Vahid Halilhodžić for upcoming matches against Mali and Ukraine. Eight days later, he debuted and scored his first goal for Japanese national team against Mali in a 1–1 draw. Hajime Moriyasu named Nakajima in the squad for the 2019 Copa América"
},
{
"title": "Shoya Nakajima",
"text": " in Brazil, which Japan guest entered with a mainly under-23 team. He scored the opening goal against Ecuador in the last group game in Belo Horizonte, but the 1–1 draw eliminated the team.</s><s>Career statistics.</s><s>Career statistics.:Club.</s><s>Career statistics.:International.</s><s>Honours. Al-Duhail - Qatar Emir Cup: 2019 Porto - Primeira Liga: 2019–20 - Taça de Portugal: 2019–20 Japan U23 - AFC U-23 Championship: 2016 Individual - AFC U-23 Championship Most Valuable Player: 2016 - Primeira Liga Forward of the Month: October/November 2017 - Primeira Liga Player of the Month: September 2018 - SPJF Goal of the Month: November 2017 vs Tondela - SPJF Goal of the Month: February 2018 vs Feirense</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Shoya Nakajima",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Asia/Pacific"
}
|
factscore-000392
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Ziaur Rahman.
|
[
{
"title": "Ziaur Rahman",
"text": "<s>Ziaur Rahman Lt. General Ziaur Rahman (19 January 1936 – 30 May 1981), was a Bangladeshi military officer and politician who served as the President of Bangladesh from 1977 to 1981. He was assassinated on 30 May 1981 in Chittagong in an coup d'état staged by some of his colleagues in army. Rahman was a Bangladesh Forces Commander of BDF Sector 1 initially, and from June as BDF commander of BDF Sector 11 of the Bangladesh Forces and the Brigade Commander of Z Force from mid-July during the country's Independence war from Pakistan in 1971. He originally broadcast the Bangladesh declaration of independence on 27 March from Kalurghat radio station in Chittagong. After the war of Independence, Rahman became a brigade commander in Bangladesh Army, and later the deputy chief of staff and chief of staff of Bangladesh Army. His ascent to leadership of the country resulted from a conspiracy that had begun with the killing of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the founding president of Bangladesh, in a military coup d'état followed by a coup and counter-revolt within the military to gain control at the helm. Ziaur Rahman gained \"de facto\" power as head of the government already under martial law imposed by the Mushta"
},
{
"title": "Ziaur Rahman",
"text": "q government. He took over the presidency in 1977. As president in 1978, Rahman founded the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (popularly known by its abbreviation BNP). He reinstated multi-party politics, freedom of the press, free speech and free markets and accountability. He initiated mass irrigation and food production programmes, including social programmes to uplift the lives of the people. His government initiated efforts to create a regional group in South Asia, which later became SAARC in 1985. He improved Bangladesh's relations with the West and China, and departed from Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's close alignment with India. Domestically, Rahman faced as many as twenty-one coup attempts for which trials were set up, and many soldiers and officers of the Bangladesh Armed Forces were executed, which were mostly claimed to be biased and false trials. He was criticized for passing the Indemnity Act and removing the ban on religion-based political parties. Rahman was awarded two gallantry awards for two wars fought in South Asia. Hilal-i-Jurat for the Indo-Pak War in 1965, and Bir Uttom in 1972 for the Bangladesh Independence war 1971 for his wartime contributions. According to the 1986 book \"\" written by Anthony Mascarenhas, Rahman retired from the Bangladesh Army as"
},
{
"title": "Ziaur Rahman",
"text": " a Lt. General (promoted by himself) in 1978 with effect from 29 April. The political party Rahman formed in 1978, the BNP, has remained one of the two dominant political parties of Bangladesh alongside its chief rival, the Awami League. Since Rahman's death, his wife, Khaleda Zia, has presided as chairperson of the party and served 2 full terms as prime minister during her tenure.</s><s>Early life. Ziaur Rahman was born on 19 January 1936 to a Bengali Muslim family of Mandals in the village of Bagbari in Gabtali, Bogra District. His father, Mansur Rahman, was a chemist who specialised in paper and ink chemistry and worked for a government department at Writers' Building in Kolkata. His grandfather, Moulvi Kamaluddin Mandal, migrated from Mahishaban to Nashipur-Bagbari after marrying his grandmother Meherunnisa. Ziaur Rahman has Iranian ancestry through Meherunnisa, whose forefathers arrived in Ghoraghat during the Mughal period. His mother's name was Jahanara Khatun. Rahman was raised in his home village of Bagbari and studied in Bogra Zilla School. He had"
},
{
"title": "Ziaur Rahman",
"text": " two younger brothers, Ahmed Kamal (d. 2017) and Khalilur Rahman (d. 2014). In 1946, Mansur enrolled Rahman for a short stint in a boys school of Calcutta, Hare School, where he studied until the dissolution of the British Empire in India and partition of India and Pakistan in 1947. Mansur Rahman exercised his option to become a citizen of a Muslim majority Pakistan and in August 1947 moved to Karachi the first capital of Pakistan located in Sindh, West Pakistan. Zia, at the age of 11, had become a student in class six at the Academy School in Karachi in 1947. Rahman spent his adolescent years in Karachi and by age 16 completed his secondary education from that School in 1952. In 1953, Rahman was admitted into the D. J. Sindh Government Science College. In the same year, he joined the Pakistan Military Academy at Kakul as a cadet. In August 1960, his marriage was arranged to Khaleda Khanam Putul, the 15-year-old daughter of Iskandar Majumder and Taiyaba Majumder from the Feni District (part of then Noakhali District). Khaleda Khanam Putul, later known as Khaleda Zia, went on"
},
{
"title": "Ziaur Rahman",
"text": " serve as the Prime Minister of Bangladesh three times. Rahman, a captain in the then Pakistan Army who was posted at that time as an Officer of the Defence Forces. His father, Mansur Rahman could not attend the marriage ceremony, as he was in Karachi. Zia's mother had died earlier.</s><s>Military career in the Pakistan Army. Graduating from the Pakistan Military Academy at 12th PMA long course on 18 September 1955 in the top 10% of his class, Rahman was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Pakistan Army. In the army, he received commando training, became a paratrooper and received training in a special intelligence course. Rahman went to East Pakistan on a short visit and was struck by the negative attitude of the Bengali middle class towards the military, which consumed a large chunk of the country's resources. The low representation of the Bengalis in the military was largely due to discrimination, but Rahman felt that the Bengali attitude towards the military perhaps prevented promising young Bengali from seeking military careers. As a Bengali army officer he advocated military careers for Bengali youth. After serving for two years in Karachi, he was transferred to the East Bengal Regiment in 1957. He attended military training schools of British Army. He also worked in the military"
},
{
"title": "Ziaur Rahman",
"text": " intelligence department from 1959 to 1964. Ayub Khan's military rule from 1958 to 1968 convinced Rahman of the need for a fundamental change in the Bengali attitude towards the military. During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, Rahman saw combat in the Khemkaran sector in Punjab as the commander of a company (military unit) of 100–150 soldiers. Rahman was awarded Hilal-i-Jur'at for gallantry by the Pakistan government medal, Pakistan's second highest military award, and the first Battalion of the East Bengal Regiment (EBR) under which he fought won 3 Sitara-e-Jurat (Star of Courage) medals, and 8 Tamgha-i-Jurat (Medal of Courage) medals, for their role in the 1965 War with India. In 1966, Rahman was appointed military instructor at the Pakistan Military Academy, later going on to attend the Command and Staff College in Quetta, Pakistan, he completed a course in command and tactical warfare. Rahman helped raise two Bengali battalions called the 8th and 9th Bengals during his stint as instructor. Around the same time, his wife Khaleda Zia, now 24, gave birth to their first child Tarique Rahman on 20 November 1966. Rahman joined the"
},
{
"title": "Ziaur Rahman",
"text": " 2nd East Bengal regiment as its second-in-command at Joydebpur in Gazipur district, near Dhaka, in 1969, and travelled to West Germany to receive advanced military and command training from the British Army of the Rhine and later spent a few months with the British Army.</s><s>Pre-Independence. Rahman returned to Pakistan the following year. He was posted in Chittagong, East Pakistan in October 1970 to be second-in-command of the 8th East Bengal Regiment. East Pakistan had been devastated by the 1970 Bhola cyclone, and the population had been embittered by the slow response of the central government and the political conflict between Pakistan's two major parties, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's Awami League, and Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's Pakistan People's Party (PPP). In the 1970 Pakistani general election, the Awami League had won a majority and its leader Sheikh Mujib laid claim to form a government, but Pakistan President Yahya Khan postponed the convening of the legislature under pressure from Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's PPP party.</s><s>Bangladesh War of Liberation 1971. Following the failure of last-ditch talks, Yahya Khan declared martial"
},
{
"title": "Ziaur Rahman",
"text": " law and ordered the army to crack down on Bengali political activities. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was arrested before midnight on 26 March 1971, taken to Tejgaon International Airport and flown to West Pakistan. Zia, who already by then geared to revolt against the government of Pakistan revolted and later arrested and executed his commanding officer Lt. Col. Janjua. He was requested by the local Awami League supporters and leaders, to announce the Declaration of Independence that was earlier (in early hours of 26 March 1971) proclaimed by the undisputed Bengali leader Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, before his (Ziaur Rahman) arrest on 27 March 1971 from Kalurghat, Chittagong, as an Army officer's words would carry weight restoring people's trust in the 'Declaration of Independence', which read:. \"I, Major Ziaur Rahman, Provincial Head of the government, do hereby declare that Independence of the People's Republic of Bangladesh.\" But his (Ziaur Rahman) proclamation as the \"\"Provincial Head\"\" of the government, was much criticized and rebuked by the political leaders present there and he realized his mistake. Later on the same day (27 March), a second broadcast was read as correction: \""
},
{
"title": "Ziaur Rahman",
"text": "I, Major Ziaur Rahman, do hereby declare the Independence of Bangladesh in the name of our great leader Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.\" Later in an interview with German Radio, Rahman talked about his 27 March announcement. Rahman organised an infantry unit gathering all Bengali soldiers from military and EPR units in Chittagong. He designated it Sector No. 1 with its HQ in Sabroom. A few weeks later he was transferred to Teldhala where he organised and created Sector 11. All sectors were restructured officially under Bangladesh Forces as the sector in the Chittagong and Hill Tracts area, under Colonel M. A. G. Osmani, the Supreme Commander of Bangladesh Forces, of the Provisional Government of Bangladesh which had its headquarters on Theatre Road, Calcutta in India. On 30 July 1971 Rahman was appointed the commander of the first conventional brigade of the Bangladesh Forces, which was named \"Z Force\", after the first initial of his name. His brigade consisted of 1st, 3rd and 8th East Bengali regiments, enabling Rahman to launch major attacks on Pakistani forces. With the Z Force, Rahman \"acquired a reputation for icy bravery\" according to \"The New York Times\", and was awarded"
},
{
"title": "Ziaur Rahman",
"text": " the Bir Uttom, the second-highest military honour (and the highest for living officers) by the Government of Bangladesh.</s><s>Assassination of Mujib in 1975 and its aftermath. A deep conspiracy with the purpose of removing Sheikh Mujibur Rahman from the helm was well under way long before his assassination by outside forces and internal collaborators within Bangladesh. On 15 August 1975 President Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and his family were assassinated in a gun fight with army personnel. One of Mujibur Rahman's cabinet ministers and a leading conspirator Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad gained the presidency and dismissed Major General K M Shafiullah, who had stayed neutral during the coup. Major General Ziaur Rahman (then deputy chief of army staff) was appointed as army chief of staff, after Shafiullah resigned. However, the coup of 15 August caused a period of instability and unrest in Bangladesh and amongst the rank and file of the armed forces. Brigadier Khaled Mosharraf and the 46th Brigade of Dhaka Cantonment under Colonel Shafaat Jamil revolted against Khandaker Mushtaq Ahmed's administration on 3 November 1975, and Ziaur Rahman was forced to relinquish his post and put under house arrest. This was followed"
},
{
"title": "Ziaur Rahman",
"text": " on November 7 by (\"Sipoy-Janata Biplob\") Soldiers and People's Coup, a mutiny staged by the Jatiyo Samajtantrik Dal (JSD or National Socialist Party) under retired Lieutenant Colonel Abu Taher and a group of socialist military officers. Khaled Mosharraf was killed by his subordinate officers while he was sheltering with them from the mutineers. Shafaat Jamil escaped but was injured, while Rahman was freed by the 2nd Artillery regiment under Lt. Col. Rashid and re-appointed as army chief of staff with full support of the rank and file of the army. Following a meeting at army headquarters, an interim government was formed with Justice Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayem as chief martial law administrator and Ziaur Rahman, Air Vice Marshal M. G. Tawab and Rear Admiral M. H. Khan as his deputies. However, discipline in the army had totally collapsed and it was difficult to disarm the soldiers supported by JSD and Lt. Col. Taher, as they plotted another coup to remove Rahman. Rahman realised that the disorder had to be suppressed firmly if discipline was to be restored in the Bangladesh Army. Rahman cracked down on the JSD and Gonobah"
},
{
"title": "Ziaur Rahman",
"text": "ini. Abu Taher was sentenced to death in July 1976 and other party figures received various terms of imprisonment. Taher was executed on 21 July 1976. Rahman became the chief martial law administrator following Justice Sayem's elevation to the presidency on 6 November 1975. He tried to integrate the armed forces, giving repatriates a status appropriate to their qualifications and seniority. While this angered some veterans of the independence war, who had rapidly reached high positions following independence in 1971, Rahman sent discontented officers on diplomatic missions abroad to defuse unrest.</s><s>Presidency. Rahman became the President of Bangladesh on 21 April 1977. Years of disorder from the previous political administration of the Awami League and BAKSAL had left most of Bangladesh's state institutions in disarray, with constant internal and external threats. After becoming president in 1977, Rahman lifted martial law and introduced massive reforms for the development of the country. In late September 1977, a failed coup against his administration occurred. A group of Japanese Red Army terrorists hijacked Japan Airlines Flight 472 from India armed with weapons and ammunition and forced it to land in Tejgaon International Airport. On 30 September, while the attention of the government was riveted on this crisis situation, due to spreading of panic and disinformation actions went under"
},
{
"title": "Ziaur Rahman",
"text": " way in Bogra Cantonment where a revolt broke out. Although the revolt was quickly quelled on the night of 2 October, another revolt started in Dhaka cantonment, led by misinformed airmen of Bangladesh Air Force (BAF). Armed units from these army and air force personnel unsuccessfully attacked Zia's residence, captured Dhaka Radio for a short time and killed eleven air force officers and 30 airmen at Tejgaon International Airport, where they were gathered for negotiations with the hijackers. Wing Commander M. Hamidullah Khan TJ, SH, BP (BDF Commander Bangladesh Forces Sector 11), then BAF Ground Defence Commander, quickly put down the rebellion within the Air Force, while the government was severely shaken. Chief of Air Staff AVM AG Mahmud reappointed Wing Commander Hamidullah Khan as Provost Marshal of BAF. President Zia immediately appointed Wing Commander Hamidullah Khan as ZMLA (Dhaka) and Director of Martial Law Communications and Control at Tejgaon (present day PM's Office). Government intelligence had failed and President Rahman promptly dismissed the DG-NSI and the DFI chief, AVM Aminul Islam Khan, of 9th GD(P) formerly coursemate of AVM A"
},
{
"title": "Ziaur Rahman",
"text": ". K. Khandkar of Pakistan Air Force. Under Zia's Presidential directive Hamidullah initiated the transfer of DFI at Old Bailey Road from the ministry of defence to Dhaka Cantonment under direct control of the president and reorganized as DGFI. In the aftermath at least 200 soldiers involved in the coup attempt were executed following a military trial.. The size of Bangladesh police forces was doubled and the number of soldiers of the army increased from 50,000 to 90,000. In 1978 he appointed Hussain Muhammad Ershad as the new Chief of Army Staff, promoting him to the rank of lieutenant general. He was viewed as a professional soldier with no political aspirations because of his imprisonment in former West Pakistan during the Bangladesh War of Independence. Quietly Ershad rose to become Zia's close political and military counsellor.</s><s>Presidency.:Elections. In 1978, General Rahman ran for and an overwhelmingly won a five-year term as president. The next year elections were held for the National Assembly. Opponents questioned the integrity of the elections. Zia allowed Sheikh Hasina, the exiled daughter of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, to return to Bangladesh in 1981.</s><s>Presidency.:Domestic and foreign policies. On taking power"
},
{
"title": "Ziaur Rahman",
"text": ", Rahman was \"hailed as the strict leader that the struggling nation needed\". Bangladesh suffered from illiteracy, severe poverty, chronic unemployment, shortages and economic stagnation. Rahman reversed course from his predecessor Mujib's secular, democratic socialist, pro-Indian policies. Rahman announced a \"19-point programme\" of economic emancipation which emphasised self-reliance, rural development, decentralisation, free markets and population control. Rahman spent much of his time travelling throughout the country, preaching the \"politics of hope\" and urging Bangladeshis to work harder and to produce more. He held cabinet meetings all across Bangladesh. Rahman focused on boosting agricultural and industrial production, especially in food and grains, and to integrate rural development through a variety of programmes, of which population planning was the most important. He introduced and opened the Bangladesh Jute and Rice research institutes. He launched an ambitious rural development programme in 1977, which included a highly visible and popular food-for-work programme. He promoted private sector development, exports growth and the reversing of the collectivisation of farms. His government reduced quotas and restrictions on agriculture and industrial activities. Rahman launched major projects to construct irrigation canals, power stations, dams, roads and other public works. Directing his campaign to mobilise rural"
},
{
"title": "Ziaur Rahman",
"text": " support and development, Rahman established \"Gram Sarkar\" (\"Village Councils\") system of self-government and the \"Village Defence Party\" system of security and crime prevention. Programmes to promote primary and adult education on a mass scale were initiated and focused mainly across rural Bangladesh. During this period, Bangladesh's economy achieved fast economic and industrial growth. Rahman began reorienting Bangladesh's foreign policy, addressing the concerns of the mostly staunch rightists coupled with some renegade leftist who believed that Bangladesh was reliant on Indian economic and military aid. Rahman moved away from India and the Soviet bloc, his predecessors' had worked with, developing closer relations with the United States and Western Europe, Africa and the Middle East. Rahman also moved to harmonise ties with Saudi Arabia and the People's Republic of China, Pakistan's ally who had opposed Bangladesh's creation and had not recognised it until 1975. Rahman moved to normalise relations with Pakistan. While distancing Bangladesh from India, Rahman sought to improve ties with other Islamic nations. Zia's move towards Islamic state policies improved the nation's standing in the Middle East. According to historian Tazeen M. Murshid, one aim of these policies was to open the Gulf states to manpower exports. In this Zia was"
},
{
"title": "Ziaur Rahman",
"text": " successful, and remittances became an important part of the Bangladeshi economy. Rahman also proposed an organisation of the nations of South Asia to bolster economic and political co-operation at a regional level. This proposal materialised in 1985 under the Presidency of Hussain Muhammad Ershad with the first meeting of the South Asia Association for Regional Cooperation in Dhaka. Zia's vision has earned him a posthumous award from the organisation.</s><s>Presidency.:Islam and nationalism. Rahman believed that a massive section of the population was suffering from an identity crisis, both religious and as a people, with a very limited sense of sovereignty. To remedy this he began a re-Islamisation of Bangladesh. He issued a proclamation order amending the constitution, under whose basis laws would be set in an effort to increase the self-knowledge of religion and nation. In the preamble, he inserted the salutation \"\"Bismillahir-Rahmaanir-Rahim\"\" (\"In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful\"). In Article 8(1) and 8(1A) the statement \"absolute trust and faith in Almighty Allah\"' was added, replacing the socialist commitment to secularism. Socialism was redefined as \"economic and social"
},
{
"title": "Ziaur Rahman",
"text": " justice\" under his leadership. In Article 25(2), Rahman introduced the principle that '\"the state shall endeavour to consolidate, preserve and strengthen fraternal relations among Muslim countries based on Islamic solidarity.\" Some intellectuals accuse Rahman of changing the nature of the republic from the secularism laid out by Sheikh Mujib and his supporters. However, critics of this accusation say the rationale is absurd and an oversimplification since secular leaders like Gamal Abdel Nasser and Ahmed Ben Bella adopted this policy, and that religious slogans and symbolism are also used by the Awami League. Later Rahman introduced Islamic religious education as a compulsory subject for Muslim schoolchildren. At the birth of Bangladesh, many Islamists had supported the Pakistani Army's fight against independence and been barred from politics with the Bangladesh Collaborators (Special Tribunals) Order of 1972. Rahman undid this as well as the ban on communal parties and associations. In public speeches and policies that he formulated, Rahman began expounding \"Bangladesh Nationalism,\" its \"Sovereignty,\" as opposed to Mujib's assertion of a Bengali identity based under language-based nationalism. Rahman emphasised the national role of Islam as guide to life's principle. Claiming to promote an inclusive national identity, Rahman reached out to non"
},
{
"title": "Ziaur Rahman",
"text": "-Bengali minorities such as the Santals, Garos, Manipuris and Chakmas, as well as the Urdu-speaking peoples of Bihari origin. He even amended the constitution to change the nationality of the citizens from Bengali, an ethnic identity, to Bangladeshi, a national identity, under sovereign allegiance not political belief or party affiliation. However, Bangladeshi nationalism excluded the country's non-Muslim minorities, particularly the Hindu community. After the formation of Bangladesh Nationalist Party in 1978, Rahman took initiative for formation of political institutes and sponsored workshops for the youth to get active political lessons on Bangladesh nationalism. In such a workshop in September 1980, Rahman spoke to the learners.</s><s>Presidency.:Indemnity Act. Rahman enacted several controversial measures, some to discipline the army, some to solidify his power and some to win the support of right wing political groups such as the Jamaat-e-Islami. Zia also facilitated the comeback of the Muslim League and other Islamic parties, appointed the highly controversial anti-independence figure Shah Azizur Rahman (who was earlier released from jail by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in 1973) prime minister. Rahman gave foreign appointments to several men accused of assassinating Sheikh Mujibur"
},
{
"title": "Ziaur Rahman",
"text": " Rahman. Major Dalim, Major Rashid and Major Faruk were given jobs in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and in subsequent years they were appointed ambassadors of Bangladesh to African and Middle Eastern nations. The Indemnity Ordinance (which gave immunity from legal action to the persons involved in the assassination of president Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, coups and other political events between 1975 and 1979) was proclaimed by Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad in 1975 president, ratified in the Parliament as the Indemnity Act, and incorporated as the 5th amendment to the constitution during the tenure of President Hussain Muhammad Ershad.</s><s>Assassination. During his term of power, Rahman was criticised for ruthless treatment of his army opposition. Although he enjoyed overall popularity and public confidence, Zia's rehabilitation of some of the most controversial men in Bangladesh aroused fierce opposition from the supporters of the Awami League and veterans of its Mukti Bahini. Amidst speculation and fears of unrest, Rahman went on tour to Chittagong on 29 May 1981 to help resolve an intra-party political dispute in the regional BNP. Rahman and his entourage stayed overnight at the Chittagong Circuit House. In the early hours of the morning of 30 May, he was assassinated by"
},
{
"title": "Ziaur Rahman",
"text": " a group of army officers. Also killed were six of his bodyguards and two aides. Nearly two million people are estimated to have attended the funeral held at the Parliament Square.</s><s>Criticism and legacy. Many Bangladeshi politicians consider Rahman a war hero. However, his role after 15 August 1975 assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and his family remains controversial. The Indemnity Act, an ordinance ordered by Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad in 1975 pardoning the subsequently convicted killers of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, was legalised by Rahman during his tenure as president. Some killers of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and his family were sent abroad during his time as president. The Dhaka High Court declared the seizures of power by military coups between 1975 and 1979, including Zia's military regime, as \"unlawful and unconstitutional.\" Zia's martial law decrees, his ascendancy to the presidency in 1977 and the election held in 1978 were declared \"unknown to the constitution.\" The court ruling over-ruled the Indemnity Act by which these very events were accorded a legal status and enshrined in the constitution. Rahman is credited for ending the disorder of the final years of Sheikh Mujib's rule and establishing democracy by abolishing BAK"
},
{
"title": "Ziaur Rahman",
"text": "SHAL (One party rule established by Mujib). On the other hand, Rahman is assailed by his critics for suppressing opposition. It is claimed that around 3,000 soldiers, military officials and civilians either disappeared or were killed during his reign. On one occasion, about 1,143 people were hanged in various Bangladeshi prisons, on charges of participating in a failed coup attempt on 2 October 1977. However, Zia's economic reforms are credited with rebuilding the economy and his move towards Islamisation brought him the support of ordinary Bangladeshi people. His nationalist vision also appealed to many who resented the other political parties alleged inclination towards India and the Soviet Union. Moving away from Mujib's secularism, Rahman asserted an Islamist political identity for Bangladesh and membership in the wider community of Muslim nations, which was applauded by the public. However, many historians have said these measures laid the foundations of future communal and ethnic conflicts by isolating and embittering many ethnic and religious minorities in Bangladesh. Critics of this view say this is an oversimplification, and that Rahman alone cannot be held responsible for these tensions. It is generally acknowledged that he lived a simple life, which included opting to have his food supplied from the army canteen. National anthem debate Prime"
},
{
"title": "Ziaur Rahman",
"text": " Minister Shah Azizur Rahman said in a secret letter to the Cabinet Department, “A song written by Rabindranath Tagore is the Indian national anthem. He is not a citizen of Bangladesh. The Muslim Ummah is worried that a song written by a poet from the Hindu community is the national anthem. National Anthem needs to be changed as this song is against the spirit of our culture. \" In the Prime Minister's letter, instead of '\"Amar Sonar Bangla\"', \"'Prothom Bangladesh, Amar shesh Bangladesh\"' was proposed as the national anthem. After receiving this letter from the Prime Minister, the Cabinet Department issued instructions to broadcast the first Bangladesh song on radio, television and all government programs. Zia himself was in favor of changing the national flag and national anthem, whe BNP leader Dr. Yusuf asked Zia in a session to change the national flag, Zia replied, \"It will be, it will be, everything will be. Let \"the national anthem written by Hindu\" be changed first. Then I will think about the national flag. \" Meanwhile, the \"Prothom Bangladesh\" song started singing along with the National Anthem at the President's function. But after Zia's death in 1981,"
},
{
"title": "Ziaur Rahman",
"text": " the initiative stalled. Attempts to change the national flag On December 16, 1978, on Bangladesh's Victory Day, an orange circle flag was ordered to be hoisted on government buildings instead of a red circle flag on a green ground. But in the face of protests, Zia had to withdraw from this plan.</s><s>Criticism and legacy.:Family. With Khaleda Zia, Rahman had two sons, Tareq Rahman and Arafat Rahman (d. 2015). Khaleda became the head of the BNP and organised a coalition of political parties opposed to Ershad's regime. In elections held in 1991, she led the BNP to victory and became the first female prime minister of Bangladesh. She lost the 1996 elections to the Awami League's Sheikh Hasina, but returned to power in 2001. Tareq served as the BNP senior joint secretary.</s><s>Criticism and legacy.:Honours. Turkey has named a road in Ankara as \"Ziaur Rahman Caddesi\" after his death to honour him. In 2004, Ziaur Rahman was ranked number 20 in BBC's poll of the Greatest Bengali of all time. Zia was also honoured by the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation for his statesmanship and vision"
},
{
"title": "Ziaur Rahman",
"text": ". Other honours include: - : Hilal-i-Jur'at - : Order of the Nile - : Order of the Yugoslav Star - : Hero of the Republic</s><s>See also. - BM Abbas</s><s>Further reading. - - -</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Ziaur Rahman",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Asia/Pacific"
}
|
factscore-000393
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Carlos P. Romulo.
|
[
{
"title": "Carlos P. Romulo",
"text": "<s>Carlos P. Romulo Carlos Peña Romulo Sr. (January 14, 1898 – December 15, 1985) was a Filipino diplomat, statesman, soldier, journalist and author. He was a reporter at the age of 16, a newspaper editor by 20, and a publisher at 32. He was a co-founder of the Boy Scouts of the Philippines, a general in the US Army and the Philippine Army, university president, and president of the United Nations General Assembly. He has been named as one of the Philippines's national artists in literature, and was the recipient of many other honors and honorary degrees.</s><s>Early career. Carlos Romulo was born in Camiling, Tarlac from Pangasinense parents on both sides and studied at the Camiling Central Elementary School during his basic education. Romulo became a professor of English at the University of the Philippines in 1923. Simultaneously, Romulo served as the secretary to the president of the Senate of the Philippines, Manuel Quezon. During the 1930s, Romulo became the publisher and editor of \"The Philippines Herald\", and one of his reporters was Yay Panlilio. On October 31, 1936, the Boy Scouts of the Philippines (BSP) was given a legislative"
},
{
"title": "Carlos P. Romulo",
"text": " charter under Commonwealth Act No. 111. Romulo served as one of the vice presidents of the organization. At the start of World War II, Romulo, a major, served as an aide to General Douglas MacArthur. He was one of the last men evacuated from the Philippines before the surrender of US Forces to the invading Japanese, as illness had prevented him from departing with MacArthur, finally leaving from Del Monte Airfield on Mindanao on April 25. Active in propaganda efforts, particularly through the lecture circuit, after reaching the United States, he became a member of President Quezon's War Cabinet, being appointed Secretary of Information in 1943. He reached the rank of general by the end of the war.</s><s>Diplomatic career. Romulo served eight Philippine presidents, from Manuel L. Quezon to Ferdinand Marcos, as the secretary of foreign affairs of the Philippines and as the country's representative to the United States and to the United Nations (UN). He also served as the resident commissioner to the U.S. House of Representatives during the Commonwealth era. In addition, he served also as the secretary of education in President Diosdado P. Macapagal's and President Ferdinand E. Marcos's cabinet through 1962 to 1968.</s><s>Diplomatic career"
},
{
"title": "Carlos P. Romulo",
"text": ".:Resident commissioner. Romulo served as resident commissioner of the Philippines to the United States Congress from 1944 to 1946. This was the title of the non-voting delegate to the US House of Representatives for lands taken in the Spanish–American War, and as such, he is the only member of the US Congress to end his tenure via a legal secession from the union.</s><s>Diplomatic career.:United Nations. In his career in the UN, Romulo was a strong advocate of human rights, freedom, and decolonization. In 1948, at the third UN General Assembly in Paris, France, he strongly disagreed with a proposal made by the Soviet delegation headed by Andrei Vishinsky, who challenged his credentials by insulting him with this quote: \"You are just a little man from a little country.\" In return, Romulo replied, \"It is the duty of the little Davids of this world to fling the pebbles of truth in the eyes of the blustering Goliaths and force them to behave!\", leaving Vishinsky with nothing left to do but sit down.</s><s>Diplomatic career.:Palestine partition plan. In the days preceding the UN General Assembly vote on the Partition Plan for Palestine in 1947, Romulo"
},
{
"title": "Carlos P. Romulo",
"text": " stated \"We hold that the issue is primarily moral. The issue is whether the United Nations should accept responsibility for the enforcement of a policy which is clearly repugnant to the valid nationalist aspirations of the people of Palestine. The Philippines Government holds that the United Nations ought not to accept such responsibility.\" Thus, he clearly intended to oppose the partition plan, or at most abstain in the vote. However, pressure on the Philippines government from Washington led to Romulo being recalled, and was replaced by a Philippines representative who voted in favor of the partition plan.</s><s>Diplomatic career.:Palestine partition plan.:President of the UN General Assembly. Romulo served as the president of the fourth session of UN General Assembly from 1949 to 1950—the first Asian to hold the position—and served as president of the UN Security Council four times, twice in 1957, 1980 and 1981. He had served with General MacArthur in the Pacific, and became the first non-American to win the Pulitzer Prize in Correspondence in 1942. The Pulitzer Prize website states that Carlos P. Romulo was awarded \"for his observations and forecasts of Far Eastern developments during a tour of the trouble centers from Hong Kong to Batavia\".</s><s>Diplomatic career.:Palestine partition plan.:Campaign for"
},
{
"title": "Carlos P. Romulo",
"text": " secretary-general. Romulo ran for the office of UN secretary-general in the 1953 selection. He fell two votes short of the required seven-vote majority in the Security Council, finishing second to Lester B. Pearson of Canada. His ambitions were further dashed by negative votes from France and the Soviet Union, both of whom were permanent members with veto power. The Security Council eventually settled on a dark horse candidate and selected Dag Hammarskjöld to be UN secretary-general.</s><s>Diplomatic career.:Ambassador to the United States. From January 1952 to May 1953, Romulo became only the second former member of the Congress to become the ambassador to the United States from a foreign country, following Joaquín M. Elizalde, who had been his immediate predecessor in both posts. He later served as ambassador again from September 1955 to February 1962.</s><s>Return to the Philippines.</s><s>Return to the Philippines.:Philippine presidential aspiration. Romulo returned to the Philippines and was a candidate for the nomination as the presidential candidate for the Liberal Party, but lost at the party convention to the incumbent president, Elpidio Quirino. Quirino had agreed to a secret ballot at the convention, but after the convention opened, he demanded an"
},
{
"title": "Carlos P. Romulo",
"text": " open roll-call voting, leaving the delegates no choice but to support Quirino, the candidate of the party machine. Feeling betrayed, Romulo left the Liberal Party and became national campaign manager of Ramon Magsaysay, the candidate of the opposing Nacionalista Party, who won the election in 1953.</s><s>Return to the Philippines.:Minister of Foreign Affairs. Romulo served as the Philippines' secretary (minister from 1973 to 1984) of foreign affairs under President Elpidio Quirino from 1950 to 1952, under President Diosdado Macapagal from 1963 to 1964, and under President Ferdinand Marcos from 1968 to 1984. In April 1955, he led the Philippines' delegation to the Asian-African Conference at Bandung, Indonesia.</s><s>Return to the Philippines.:Resignation from the Marcos cabinet. Romulo supported President Ferdinand Marcos through most of his presidency. However, he resigned in 1983, soon after the assassination of Benigno Aquino, citing poor health. Gregorio Brillantes interviewed Romulo in 1984, and Romulo said he resigned \"heartsick\" because of the assassination of Aquino, whom he considered a \"friend\", and the resulting freefall of the Philippines' economy and international reputation."
},
{
"title": "Carlos P. Romulo",
"text": " According to Romulo's wife, Beth Day Romulo, the Marcos administration had asked him to sign an advertisement that the administration was planning to place in the \"New York Times\" and other major international dailies. Romulo refused to sign the advertisement and instead resigned.</s><s>Death. Romulo died, aged 87, in Manila on December 15, 1985, and was buried in the Heroes' Cemetery (Libingan ng mga Bayani) at Fort Bonifacio, Metro Manila. He was honored as \"one of the truly great statesmen of the 20th century\". In 1980, he was extolled by UN Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim as \"Mr. United Nations\" for his valuable services to the UN and his dedication to freedom and world peace.</s><s>Published books. Romulo, in all, wrote and published 22 books, including \"The United\" (novel), \"I Walked with Heroes\" (autobiography), \"I Saw the Fall of the Philippines\", \"Mother America\", and \"I See the Philippines Rise\" (war-time memoirs). In 1982, he was proclaimed a National Artist for Literature of the Philippines, in recognition of his contributions to Philippine Literature.</s><s>Honors. National Honors"
},
{
"title": "Carlos P. Romulo",
"text": " - Quezon Service Cross – (April 17, 1951) - Grand Collar of the Order of Sikatuna, Rank of Raja – (1982). - Philippine Legion of Honor, Commander (\"Komandante\") - National Artist of the Philippines - Grand Cross (\"Dakilang Kamanong\") of the Gawad Mabini – (2005) - Grand Cross (\"Maringal na Krus\") of the Order of the Golden Heart – (1954) - Member (\"Kagawad\") of the Order of the Golden Heart – (13 September 1954) - Presidential Medal of Merit – (July 3, 1949) - : Order of the Knights of Rizal, Knight Grand Cross of Rizal. – (1961) - \"Bayani ng Bagong Republika\" (Hero of the New Republic Award) – (14 January 1984) Military Medals (Philippines) - Distinguished Service Star - Philippine Gold Cross - Philippine Defense Medal - Philippine Liberation Medal Military Medals (Foreign) - Commander, Legion of Merit - Silver Star - Purple Heart - Asiatic–Pacific Campaign Medal Foreign Honors - Grand Cross, Order of Carlos Manuel do Cespedes - Grand Cross, Order of the Phoenix - Grand Cross"
},
{
"title": "Carlos P. Romulo",
"text": ", Military Order of Christ - Knight Grand Cross (\"Caballeros Gran Cruz\"), Order of Isabella the Catholic - Presidential Medal of Freedom - Grand Cordon, Order of Brilliant Star</s><s>Awards and recognitions. Romulo is perhaps among the most decorated Filipinos in history. He has been awarded 72 honorary degrees from different international institutions and universities and 144 awards and decorations from foreign countries: - Nobel Peace Prize nomination in 1952 \"For his contribution in international cooperation, in particular on questions on undeveloped areas, and as president for UN's 4th General Assembly\" - Boy Scouts of America Silver Buffalo Award - Presidential Unit Citation with Two Oak Leaf Clusters - Pulitzer Prize in Correspondence, 1942 - World Government News First Annual Gold Nadal Award (for work in the United Nations for peace and world government), March 1947 - Princeton University – Woodrow Wilson Memorial Foundation Gold Medal award (\"in recognition of his contribution to public life\"), May 1947 - International Benjamin Franklin Society's Gold Medal (for \"distinguished world statesmanship in 1947\"), January 1948 - Freeman of the City of Plymouth, England, October 1948 - United Nations Peace Medal - World Peace Award - Four Freedoms Peace Award - Notre Dame University, Doctor of Laws (LL.D.), 1935 - Georgetown University"
},
{
"title": "Carlos P. Romulo",
"text": ", Doctor of Laws (LL.D.), 1960 - Harvard University, Doctor of Laws (LL.D.), 1950</s><s>Anecdotes from Beth Romulo through \"Reader's Digest\" (June 1989). At the third UN General Assembly, held in Paris in 1948, the USSR's deputy foreign minister, Andrei Vishinsky, sneered at Romulo and challenged his credentials: \"You are just a little man from a little country.\" \"It is the duty of the little Davids of this world,\" cried Romulo, \"to fling the pebbles of truth in the eyes of the blustering Goliaths and force them to behave!\" During his meeting with Josip Broz Tito of Yugoslavia, Marshal Tito welcomed Gen. Romulo with drinks and cigars, to which the general kindly refused. Their conversation went as follows: At this, Marshal Tito was tickled by his reply and loudly exclaimed around the room, \"I etcetera, etcetera, etcetera!\" Romulo was a dapper little man (barely five feet four inches in shoes). When they waded in at Leyte beach in October 1944, and the word went out that General MacArthur was waist deep, one of Romulo's journalist"
},
{
"title": "Carlos P. Romulo",
"text": " friends cabled, \"If MacArthur was in water waist deep, Romulo must have drowned!\" In later years, Romulo told another story himself about a meeting with MacArthur and other tall American generals who disparaged his physical stature. \"Gentlemen,\" he declared, \"When you say something like that, you make me feel like a dime among nickels.\"</s><s>Books. - \"I Saw the Fall of the Philippines.\" - \"My Brother Americans\" - \"I See The Philippines Rise\" - \"I am a Filipino\" - \"The United\" - \"Crusade in Asia\" (The John Day Company, 1955; about the 1953 presidential election campaign of Ramón Magsaysay) - \"The Meaning of Bandung\" - \"The Magsaysay Story\" (with Marvin M. Gray, The John Day Company 1956, updated re-edition by Pocket Books, Special Student Edition, SP-18, December 1957; biography of Ramón Magsaysay, Pocket Books edition updated with an additional chapter on Magsaysay's death) - \"I Walked with Heroes\" (autobiography) - \"Last Man off Bataan\" (Romulo's experience during the Japanese Plane bombings.) - \"Romulo:"
},
{
"title": "Carlos P. Romulo",
"text": " A Third World Soldier at the UN\" - \"Daughters for Sale and Other Plays\"</s><s>See also. - List of Filipino Nobel laureates and nominees - List of Asian Americans and Pacific Islands Americans in the United States Congress - Resident Commissioner of the Philippines - The Thomasites - Philinda Rand</s><s>References. - - - - - -</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Carlos P. Romulo",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Asia/Pacific"
}
|
factscore-000394
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Arif Mohammad Khan.
|
[
{
"title": "Arif Mohammad Khan",
"text": "<s>Arif Mohammad Khan Arif Mohammad Khan (born 18 November 1951) is an Indian politician belonging to the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). He was originally a member of the Indian National Congress, but resigned after the Congress party's U-turn on the Shah Bano case. He is currently the Governor of Kerala. He is a former Union Minister. He has held several portfolios ranging from energy to civil aviation.</s><s>Early life and education. Arif Mohammad Khan was born on 18 November 1951 in Bulandshahr. He was educated at Jamia Millia School, Delhi, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh and at Shia College, Lucknow University.</s><s>Political career. Khan started his political career as a student leader. He was the President of Aligarh Muslim University Students' Union in the year 1972-73 and also its honorary Secretary a year earlier (1971–72). He contested the first legislative assembly election from Siyana constituency of Bulandshahar on Bharatiya Kranti Dal party's banner but was defeated. He became a member of the legislative assembly of UP in 1977 at the age of 26. Khan joined the Indian National Congress party and was elected to the Lok Sabha in"
},
{
"title": "Arif Mohammad Khan",
"text": " 1980 from Kanpur and 1984 from Bahraich. In 1986, he quit the Indian National Congress due to differences over the passage of Muslim Personal Law Bill which was piloted by Rajiv Gandhi in the Lok Sabha. He was against the legislation to enable Muslim men to avoid giving their divorced wife or wives any maintenance after the iddah period as per the Quran and resigned because of differences with Rajiv Gandhi on this issue. Khan joined the Janata Dal and was re-elected to the Lok Sabha in 1989. During the Janata Dal rule Khan served as union Minister of Civil aviation and Energy. He left the Janata Dal to join the Bahujan Samaj Party and again entered the Lok Sabha in 1998 from Bahraich. Khan held ministerial responsibilities from 1984 to 1990. In 2004, he joined the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and unsuccessfully contested the Lok Sabha election as a BJP candidate that year from Kaiserganj constituency. Later BJP appointed Arif as the new Governor of Kerala.</s><s>Jain Hawala Case. Journalist Sanjay Kapoor, in his book \"Bad Money, Bad Politics\" has revealed that, Khan received an amount of 7 crores of Hawala money. As per the CBI charge sheet, he was"
},
{
"title": "Arif Mohammad Khan",
"text": " paid this amount of money when he was Union Minister but he was later acquitted in the case.</s><s>Political views.</s><s>Political views.:Reformation in Islam. Arif Mohammad Khan has always supported reformation within Muslims. He resigned from position of Minister of state protesting against Rajiv Gandhi Congress Government stand on Shah Bano case in 1986. He defended Supreme Court judgment on Shah Bano case in Parliament. Khan opposed triple talaq in India and said that it should be punishable with 3 years in jail. Khan has asserted that Muslim men are still allowed to be polygamous and can also give a divorce easily by paying paltry sums. Khan welcomed the Karnataka High Court's judgement upholding that the hijab is not an essential garment according to Islam during the 2022 Karnataka hijab row, stating that enforcing the wearing of a hijab is a conspiracy to push back Muslim females into the four walls of their homes and reduce their career prospects - he gave an example of imagining a female IPS officer who is responsible for controlling law and order in a district, who cannot do so wearing a hijab. On being asked for a reaction about the murder of Kanhaiya Lal in Udaipur by reporters, Khan responded that madrasas teach that blasphemy should be punished by beheading and"
},
{
"title": "Arif Mohammad Khan",
"text": " demanded that what is taught there should be examined.</s><s>Current activities. Khan has been deeply involved in writing since his student days. He is the author of the best selling book of the year 2010 \"Text and Context: Quran and Contemporary Challenges\", published by Rupa & Co. Now Arif Mohammad Khan is actively involved in writing articles and columns related to Islam and Sufism. He has advocated abolishing of All India Muslim Personal Law Board. Arif Mohammad Khan also supported the Supreme Court of India's judgment in Shah Bano case to make the right to maintenance of a divorced Muslim wife absolute.</s><s>Governor of Kerala (2019 - present). Khan was appointed the Governor of Kerala on 1 September 2019 by the order of the President of India, Ram Nath Kovind. He took charge as Governor on 6 September 2019 from P. Sathasivam. The latest political controversy regarding the appointment of Vice chancellors of universities of Kerala has put him in the spotlight.</s><s>See also. - The Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act 1986 - Shah Bano case - Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi - Nighat Abbass - Syed Zafar Islam - Tahir Aslam Gora - Tarek"
},
{
"title": "Arif Mohammad Khan",
"text": " Fatah</s><s>Sources. - Parliament of India profile</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Arif Mohammad Khan",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Asia/Pacific"
}
|
factscore-000395
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Fahadh Faasil.
|
[
{
"title": "Fahadh Faasil",
"text": "<s>Fahadh Faasil Fahadh Fazil (8 August 1982) is an Indian actor and film producer who predominantly works in Malayalam cinema and has appeared in few Tamil and Telugu films. He has acted in more than 50 films and has received several awards, including a National Film Award, four Kerala State Film Awards and three Filmfare Awards South. Fahadh is the son of filmmaker Fazil. Fahadh began his film career at the age of 19 by starring in the leading role in his father Fazil's 2002 romantic film \"Kaiyethum Doorath\", which was a critical and commercial failure. After a gap of 7 years, Fahadh made his comeback with the anthology film \"Kerala Cafe\" (2009), in the short film \"Mrityunjayam\". He attained public attention for his role as Arjun in the thriller film \"Chaappa Kurishu\" (2011). Fahadh won his first Kerala State Film Award, the Best Supporting Actor Award for his performance in \"Chaappa Kurishu\" along with his performance in \"Akam\". He achieved critical acclaim and recognition for his roles as Cyril in \"22 Female Kottayam\" (2012) and Dr. Arun Kumar"
},
{
"title": "Fahadh Faasil",
"text": " in \"Diamond Necklace\" (2012). He won his first Filmfare Award for Best Actor for his role in \"22 Female Kottayam\". Fahadh achieved further critical and commercial success for his films in 2013, including his performances in the romantic-drama film \"Annayum Rasoolum\", the black-comedy satire film \"Amen\", the road movie \"North 24 Kaatham\", the drama film \"Artist\", and the romantic-comedy \"Oru Indian Pranayakadha\". He won the Kerala State Film Award for Best Actor for his performances as Michael in \"Artist\" and Harikrishnan in \"North 24 Kaatham\". He also won his second Filmfare Award for Best Actor for his role in \"North 24 Kaatham\". He followed it up by starring as Shivadas in the coming-of-age drama film \"Bangalore Days\" (2014), which ranks among the highest-grossing Malayalam films. He produced and starred as Aloshy in the 2014 period film \"Iyobinte Pusthakam\" under his production company, Fahadh Fazil and Friends Pvt Ltd. Fahadh also has a Digital Entertainment Company/Movie Production House named Bhavana Studios partnered with"
},
{
"title": "Fahadh Faasil",
"text": " Dileesh Pothan and Syam Pushkaran. Fahadh had roles as Mahesh Bhavana in \"Maheshinte Prathikaaram\" (2016), Indian diplomat Manoj Abraham in \"Take Off\" (2017), and Prasad in \"Thondimuthalum Driksakshiyum\" (2017), with \"Maheshinte Prathikaaram\" and \"Thondimuthalum Driksakshiyum\" winning the Best Feature Film in Malayalam Award at the 64th and 65th National Film Awards. He won the National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in \"Thondimuthalum Driksakshiyum\" (2017) and his third Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Malayalam. In 2018, he acted as Prakashan in the film \"Njan Prakashan\" which ranks among highest-grossing Malayalam films and as Aby in the film \"Varathan\". In 2021, Fahadh portrayed the titular anti-hero in the crime drama \"Joji\" which received acclaim and later received nationwide acclaim from critics for his performance in the political thriller \"Malik\".</s><s>Early life and"
},
{
"title": "Fahadh Faasil",
"text": " education. Fahadh is the son of film director Fazil and his wife Rozina. He has two sisters, Ahameda and Fatima, and a brother, Farhaan, also an actor. He completed his schooling from SDV Central School Alappuzha, Lawrence School Ooty and Choice School Tripunithura. He went on to pursue his degree from Sanatana Dharma College, Alleppey and M.A. in philosophy from University of Miami in the United States.</s><s>Acting career.</s><s>Acting career.:Debut, comeback and breakthrough (2002–2012). Fahadh's first film, \"Kaiyethum Doorath\" (2002) was directed by his father, Fazil and was a failure at the box office. Fahadh later defended his father, stating \"don't blame my father for my failure because it was my mistake and I came into acting without any preparation of my own\". After his debut, he moved to the United States for five years, where he pursued his studies, before returning in 2009 to act in the film \"Kerala Cafe\" (2009), conceived by director Ranjith. At Ranjith's behest, director Uday Ananthan cast Fahad in"
},
{
"title": "Fahadh Faasil",
"text": " his \"Mrityunjayam\", one of the 10 shorts in the film. He played the role of a journalist in the \"Mrityunjayam\", a ghost film set on a spooky old 'Mana'. He was chosen to co-star in B. Unnikrishnan's \"Pramani\". He then appeared as a business head in the thriller \"Cocktail\" (2010). His next film, \"Tournament\", was also a thriller. His performance in Sameer Thahir's directorial debut \"Chaappa Kurishu\" (2011), a thriller in which he appeared as the head of a construction business was appreciated. \"Arjun – my character in Chappa Kurishu is not a role that an actor gets often. I am very lucky and very fortunate,\" Fahad said. He shot a long kissing scene with his co-star Remya Nambeesan in the film – supposedly the first-ever in Malayalam cinema – which upon release was termed controversial. Fahadh's next film, \"Akam\" (2011) a contemporary adaptation of Malayattoor Ramakrishnan's psycho-thriller novel \"Yakshi\", had him playing \"Srinivas\", a young architect"
},
{
"title": "Fahadh Faasil",
"text": ", who starts suspecting that his beautiful wife is a yakshi. \"Playing Srinivas was like re-inventing myself. We had a workshop before shooting began and I had ample opportunity to explore the nuances of the character. In the process of re-inventing Srinivas, I reinvented myself,\" said Fahadh. The film premiered at the Dubai International Film Festival. He won the Kerala State Film Award for Second Best Actor in 2012 for his performance in \"Chappa Kurishu\" and \"Akam.\" In 2012, he played a negative character in \"22 Female Kottayam\", a rape and revenge film, which was critically acclaimed. In his next film, Lal Jose's \"Diamond Necklace\" (2012), he played the role of an oncologist working in Dubai and the film centred on the doctor's relationship with three different women. Both the films 22 Female Kottayam and Diamond Necklace were a commercial and critical success and ran over 100 days in theatres. In June 2012, a case was registered against Fahadh by the Kochi Town Central Police for violation of the rule against public display of images of smoking. A poster of \"Diamond Necklace\" that showed him smoking a cigarette had been on"
},
{
"title": "Fahadh Faasil",
"text": " display before the Kavitha Theatre in Kochi since the film was released. In his next film, Lijin Jose's \"Friday\" (2012) he acted as an auto rickshaw driver. The same year, he appeared in \"The Day of Judgement\", one of the three featurettes from the portmanteau film \"D Company\".</s><s>Acting career.:Critical acclaim (2013–2017). In the year 2013, his important films were cinematographer Rajeev Ravi's directorial debut \"Annayum Rasoolum\", Lijo Jose Pellissery's \"Amen\", V. K. Prakash's \"Natholi Oru Cheriya Meenalla,\" Salam Bappu's directorial debut \"Red Wine,\" debutant Anil Radhakrishnan Menon's \"North 24 Kaatham\" and Sathyan Anthikad's \"Oru Indian Pranayakatha.\" He won Kerala State Film Award for Best Actor for his performance in \"North 24 Kaatham\". \"Amen\" was both commercial and critical success and was named as one of the best films of the year by \"Khaleej Times\" while \"Annayum Rasoolum\" managed to be"
},
{
"title": "Fahadh Faasil",
"text": " commercial success. \"Oru Indian Prayankatha\" was a sleeper hit. In 2014, he acted in the big budget movie \"Iyobinte Pusthakam\", which was produced by himself. Fahadh also played a major role in the multi-starrer blockbuster movie Bangalore days. It is considered one of the best Malayalam movies made during the New gen movement. The year 2015 was a dull year for him as he was unable to pull off a successful project. He starred in \"Ayal Njanalla\", \"Haram\", \"Mariyam Mukku\", all of which did not perform well at the box office. In 2016, his first release, \"Monsoon Mangoes\", failed at the box office, even though his performance was highly praised and the movie gathered good critic responses. His next release was on 5 February 2016 \"Maheshinte Prathikaaram\" which went on to become commercial success. It was highly applauded by both audience and critics,this film was a major breakthrough in his career. In 2017, he acted in four films out of which \"Take Off\" and \"Thondimuthalum Driksakshiyum\" were commercial and critical success. \"Thondimuth"
},
{
"title": "Fahadh Faasil",
"text": "alum Driksakshiyum\" won three awards at the 65th National Film Awards. Besides Best Malayalam Film and Best Screenplay for the film, Fahadh won in the Best Supporting Actor category. Fahadh made his debut in Tamil cinema, through the film \"Velaikkaran\" starring Sivakarthikeyan, opposite whom he plays the antagonist.</s><s>Acting career.:Experimentation of genres and stardom (2018–present). Fahadh got back to back critical and box office successes with \"Varathan\" (2018), \"Njan Prakashan\" (2018) and \"Kumbalangi Nights\" (2019), which collectively grossed more than 100 crore at the box office. He played the character \"Shammi\" in \"Kumbalangi Nights\", which developed a cult following with many of his dialogues becoming popular. \"Njan Prakashan\" collected ₹52 crore from Worldwide box office, which is one of the highest grossing Malayalam film till date. His last film in 2019 was the psychological thriller \"Athiran\", where he played the role of a psychiatrist. It largely received positive reviews and performed well at box office. His next"
},
{
"title": "Fahadh Faasil",
"text": " Tamil film was \"Super Deluxe,\" in which he co-starred alongside Vijay Sethupathi, Samantha Ruth Prabhu and Ramya Krishnan, his performance in the film was well appreciated by critics, with them saying his character was written well. His first release in 2020, \"Trance\" received wide acclaim from critics. \"The Indian Express\" praised Fahadh's performance and said: \"Fahadh steals the limelight by portraying a character that is hysteric and disturbing at the same time\". After \"Trance\", Fahadh turned to do films released through OTT platforms amid the COVID-19 pandemic in India. Among this, the first movie was \"C U Soon\" (2020), which is India's first computer screen film. It generally received positive reviews from critics. His first release in 2021, was \"Irul\", a mystery thriller released on streaming platform Netflix on 2 April 2021. Despite the film received mixed reviews due to its complex story, Fahadh received critical acclaim for portraying a mysterious character. Five days after the release of \"Irul\" came out \"Joji\", which is a crime drama directed by Dileesh Pothan. The movie in which he played the titular anti-hero received well acclaim from"
},
{
"title": "Fahadh Faasil",
"text": " critics. His performance in it is also considered one of his career best by some critics and fans. \"Firstpost\" wrote: \"The story is unequivocally centred around Fahadh's character, and the actor plays a deceptively calm layabout simmering with rage with the sort of unassuming brilliance that is now his trademark\". Nearly a week after the release of \"Joji\", reports came out that the Film Exhibitors United Organisation of Kerala (FEUOK) has warned Fahadh against acting in movies made for streaming through OTT platforms. It was also reported that FEUOK has also threatened that his next big movies in 2021 like \"Malik\" will face difficulties for screening on the big screen if he continues to cooperate with OTT platforms as a consequence. But the organisation later claimed that all such news were baseless and they no connection with them. Fahadh's next release in 2021 was Mahesh Narayanan's big budget political thriller \"Malik\". The film which was supposed to release in 2020 was also Fahadh's most expensive Malayalam film to date. Besides Fahadh, the film stars Nimisha Sajayan, Vinay Forrt, Dileesh Pothan and Joju George in pivotal roles. \"Malik"
},
{
"title": "Fahadh Faasil",
"text": "\" received nationwide acclaim from critics and large positive feedback from fans, with many critics describing Fahadh's performance in the film as arguably his career best. Fahadh made his debut in Telugu cinema with \"\" (2021) as the antagonist of the film. In 2022, he was seen along with Kamal Haasan in the film \"Vikram\" as Amar, a black-ops agent.</s><s>Personal life. On 20 January 2014, he got engaged to Malayalam film actress Nazriya Nazim whom he married on 21 August 2014 at Trivandrum. The pair got to know each other more on the sets of Anjali Menon's \"Bangalore Days\" (2014), in which they played the roles of husband and wife. Fahadh revealed that their parents had been pivotal in arranging the marriage.</s><s>Brand endorsement. He has also appeared in several advertisements for brands like Titan, Milma, Jos Alukkas, Adithi Aatta, Bombay gold and diamonds, UAE Exchange and Estilocus. l</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Fahadh Faasil",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Asia/Pacific"
}
|
factscore-000396
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Terrence Romeo.
|
[
{
"title": "Terrence Romeo",
"text": "<s>Terrence Romeo Terrence Bill Vitanzos Romeo (born March 16, 1992) is a Filipino professional basketball player for the San Miguel Beermen of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). He plays both the point guard and shooting guard positions. He played as a point guard for the Far Eastern University before being selected fifth overall in the 2013 PBA draft by Barako Bull. He won the 2010 UAAP Rookie of the Year, was a member of the UAAP Mythical Team during his junior and senior years, and was the 2013 UAAP men's basketball Most Valuable Player.</s><s>Amateur career.</s><s>Amateur career.:High school career. Romeo first played for the Letran Squires before he was scouted by Far Eastern University - Diliman. He played only one season as a Baby Tamaraw before graduating to the seniors division. He was famously known for scoring the UAAP Juniors basketball record of 83 points, eclipsing the previous record of 69 points held by former Junior Maroons player Paolo Mendoza. What's more impressive, is that he did it in 31 minutes of playing time, scoring 33 points in the 3rd quarter alone. He won the UAAP Juniors' Most Valuable Player (2009) that"
},
{
"title": "Terrence Romeo",
"text": " same year, with averages of 37.1 ppg, 4.1 apg and 4.0 spg.</s><s>Amateur career.:College career. It was a bit of a rocky transition from the juniors to the seniors division for Romeo. Although he was named the top rookie, sharing the court with then UAAP MVP RR Garcia proved challenging for the younger guard, especially since he was relegated to the second option (something he wasn't used to). Romeo's shooting percentage was somewhat below par at 32 percent, scoring a mere (for his standards) 9.9 points in his rookie season. The following season seemed to fare better for the scoring guard. He averaged 11.4 ppg, 4.8 rpg and 3.2 apg. Both him and Garcia formed a formidable duo. They carried FEU to the finals, only to lose in a best of 3 series against Ateneo. In UAAP Season 75 Romeo became (arguably) the first option of the team. He improved as a more potent scorer after last year's heartbreaking loss, averaging a team best 18.5 ppg, and 5.5 rpg. His impressive performance landed him a spot in the mythical five. In his final year as half of FE"
},
{
"title": "Terrence Romeo",
"text": "U's dreaded backcourt duo, Romeo was expected to again lead the Tamaraws in scoring. He scored 30 points in three games during the course of the season, making him one of only three players since 2003 (the other 2 being Patrick Cabahug and Bobby Ray Parks Jr.) to score 30 points more than once. In UAAP Season 76, he was awarded as Most Valuable Player. He became only the third guard to win the award following Garcia and PBA legend Johnny Abarrientos. He averaged 22.2 points, 6.3 rebounds, 3.9 assists and 1.6 steals to lead the league in points and steals while finishing 3rd in assists. While in college, he took his talents in the PBA D-League, suiting up for Big Chill Super Chargers. He elected to forgo his final playing year, after realizing that he will have to wait until 2015 to get drafted in the PBA.</s><s>Professional career.</s><s>Professional career.:GlobalPort Batang Pier (2013–2018).</s><s>Professional career.:GlobalPort Batang Pier (2013–2018).:Rookie Year. Romeo was selected by GlobalPort as their 5th overall pick, and wore the same 7 jersey he wore in college."
},
{
"title": "Terrence Romeo",
"text": " He explained that Robert Jaworski was his father's idol, who uses the same jersey number. In only his second game as a pro, he buried 34 points while going 6-of-8 from beyond the three-point arc en route to a win against Air21 Express. He also had the opportunity to play against Mark Caguioa in their first showdown against each other, scoring 27 points and leading a brave second-half comeback that almost denied Ginebra a 109–104 victory. Caguioa, who scored 29 points himself, commented that Romeo was the closest player that can be compared to him. The rookie guard later admitted that Caguioa was one of his idols growing up. With these performances, the former king tamaraw proved to be a very capable scorer as a pro. Showing flashes of brilliance throughout the season. But he struggled with consistency, as he wasn't able to produce the same eye-popping numbers in the later conferences. Regardless, he was considered a rising star, dazzling the crowd with his dribbling skills and scoring prowess.</s><s>Professional career.:GlobalPort Batang Pier (2013–2018).:Sophomore Year. At the start of the season, Romeo debuted a slimmer and leaner"
},
{
"title": "Terrence Romeo",
"text": " physique. Losing a total of 25 pounds. He said “Sobrang nahihirapan ‘yung tuhod ko, sobrang nahihirapan akong gumalaw,” prompting him to lose the unwanted weight. This resulted in a much quicker and more explosive version of himself. With a more physically fit Romeo, Globalport was expected to make it deeper into the playoffs in their first conference. Even more so, since the spitfire guard was sharing the court with talented guards; veteran leader Alex Cabagnot and top rookie Stanley Pringle they were dubbed as \"three-headed monster\". Before the start of the playoffs, however, Cabagnot was surprisingly traded for former Global Port player Sol Mercado from the San Miguel Beermen. With little time to adjust, they eventually lost to Ginebra who had a twice to beat advantage in phase one of the quarter finals. The departure of Cabagnot proved beneficial to Romeo's rise to stardom, as he was able to blossom into the team's first scoring option. He led the locals in points per game in the 2015 PBA Commissioner's Cup, averaging 21.36 points. He also made an impression during the All-Star Weekend in Puerto Prin"
},
{
"title": "Terrence Romeo",
"text": "cesa. Scoring a whopping 50 points, albeit a losing effort, against the rookies in the rookies vs sophomores blitz game. He was also the PBA Three-Point Shootout champion (2015) and the PBA All-Star Game MVP (2015) capping off a memorable weekend for the young guard. His efforts weren't enough though, as the team struggled to get back into the win column in their remaining games after the all-star break. Losing Stanley Pringle (who was nursing an injury) was a factor in their poor finish of the conference. After leading GlobalPort to its best finish in 2015 PBA Governors' Cup, Romeo was awarded Most Improved Player. He ended the third conference and the season as the top local scorer. With a career highlight of a 40-point game against Paul Lee's Rain or Shine Elasto Painters. He emerged as the scoring champion and also placed in the PBA Mythical Second Team().</s><s>Professional career.:GlobalPort Batang Pier (2013–2018).:Third Season. Romeo's third season in PBA was up for a good start. He, along with backcourt mate Pringle, formed the Slash Brothers tandem (similar to Golden State Warriors' own Splash Brothers). The"
},
{
"title": "Terrence Romeo",
"text": " duo both led the team in scoring with 24.06 and 19.61 points, respectively, while leading GlobalPort to its first ever Semi-Finals appearance against Alaska, only to lose the series. He registered a new career-high 41 points in Game 1, for their only win in the said series. On October 14, 2016, Romeo was recognized during the PBA Leo Awards Night as he was named to the PBA Mythical First Team.</s><s>Professional career.:TNT KaTropa (2018). On 2018, after disagreeing with coach Pido Jarencio, he requested to be traded. He was traded to TNT KaTropa with Yousef Taha in exchange of Moala Tautuaa.</s><s>Professional career.:San Miguel Beermen (2019–present). On December 16, 2018, He was traded to San Miguel Beermen, in exchange for Brian Heruela and David Semerad. In his first game with the Beermen, Romeo recorded 7 points and 4 assists in just 11 minutes of playing time but lost to the Columbian Dyip, 124–118. In Game 2 of the 2019 Commissioner's Cup Finals, Romeo came off the bench and scored 29 points and made 6 3-pointers"
},
{
"title": "Terrence Romeo",
"text": " in a 127-125 double overtime win.</s><s>PBA career statistics. \"As of the end of 2022–23 season\"</s><s>National team career.</s><s>National team career.:2014 FIBA 3x3 World Tour.</s><s>National team career.:2014 FIBA 3x3 World Tour.:Manila Masters. Playing for Manila West, Romeo was teamed up with Niño Canaleta, Rey Guevarra and Aldrech Ramos and Raphael De Vera, three pros with so much more experience than him. Each of those three have suited up for the national team before. But in the end, the apparent ‘star’ of the team was 22-year-old Romeo, who had just completed his first year in the PBA. The competition proved to be a fit for the flashy guard's one on one playing style. Drawing the loudest cheers from the crowd with his crossovers and vast array of scoring moves. Romeo led the Manila West to be hailed champions of the 2014 FIBA 3x3 World Tour Manila Masters. They won US$10,000. More importantly, they qualified for the World Tour Masters in Tokyo on October 11–12. There, they faced the top two teams of each of the five stops of the"
},
{
"title": "Terrence Romeo",
"text": " tour.</s><s>National team career.:2014 FIBA 3x3 World Tour.:World Tour Final. Despite making some headway during the first day of the 2014 FIBA 3x3 World Tour Final, team Manila West wasn't able to sustain its momentum in the knockout stage as the team fell to Slovenian squad Kranj, 21–12, in the quarterfinal round. They ended the tournament at fifth place, which is five ranks higher than its original classification ranking as a 10th seed in the pool of 12 international teams prior to the start of the tournament. The 6’0” Romeo was listed as among the season's top point producers going back to the qualifying legs of the 2014 FIBA 3x3 World Tour. Romeo got an aggregate of 49 points in the 8 matches that he had played in, both in the Manila Masters leg and the Final in Sendai, Japan. This placed him at 11th overall in terms of scoring output out of the 290 players that participated in that year's edition of the 3×3 World Tour. The international basketball body named the GlobalPort scorer as the number one 3x3 player outside of Europe, Americas, and Qatar, and therefore earned his team a slot in the All-Star exhibition. He"
},
{
"title": "Terrence Romeo",
"text": " is ranked number one in the Philippines.</s><s>National team career.:2015 FIBA 3x3 World Tour.</s><s>National team career.:2015 FIBA 3x3 World Tour.:Manila Masters. As the face of 2015 FIBA 3x3 World Tour Manila Masters, Terrence Romeo's spectacular one-on-one skills were once again on full display, as he shone for the Manila West team in the tournament. He was not able to lead Manila West back to the championship though, as he and Manila West lost to Manila North (composed of Calvin Abueva, Vic Manuel,Troy Rosario and Karl Dehesa) in the semi-finals, but Romeo still brought home some hardware. He won the three-point shootout and was later named the MVP of the event after leading all scorers with 43 points in four games.</s><s>National team career.:Gilas Pilipinas. Romeo was named to the Gilas Pilipinas 3.0 training pool in 2015, and joined the team for a pocket tournament in Estonia. He also saw action in the 2015 William Jones Cup, where he emerged as the crowd darling, wowing Filipino and Taiwanese Fans alike with his crafty handles and scoring ability while posting a stat-line of"
},
{
"title": "Terrence Romeo",
"text": " 15.2 points in just 18 minutes of play per game in that tournament. Following his Jones Cup breakthrough, he was a member of the Gilas final lineup that competed in the 2015 FIBA Asia Championship, and had his best game against powerhouse Iran and India.</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Terrence Romeo",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Asia/Pacific"
}
|
factscore-000397
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Jo Koy.
|
[
{
"title": "Jo Koy",
"text": "<s>Jo Koy Joseph Glenn Herbert Sr. (born June 2, 1971), known professionally as Jo Koy, is an American stand-up comedian and actor. He was a frequent panelist on E!'s late night show \"Chelsea Lately\". He has since had a number of Comedy Central and Netflix specials.</s><s>Early life. Jo Koy was born to a white American father who was in the United States Air Force stationed in the Philippines when he married Koy's Filipina mother. His family moved from Spanaway, Washington, to Tacoma, Washington, and then to Las Vegas soon after he finished high school in Tacoma. He originally attended Spanaway Lake High School and then moved to Foss High School in Tacoma. They moved to Las Vegas to be near his ailing grandmother. Jo Koy enrolled in the University of Nevada, Las Vegas but dropped out to pursue stand-up comedy. Jo Koy's stage name comes from a nickname his family gave him growing up. It was revealed during his stand-up routine in Phoenix, Arizona, on September 22, 2019, that back in 1989, he was talking to his cousin about making a stage name when his aunt called him to come to dinner, shouting \"Jo Ko, eat!\" (\"Ko\" means"
},
{
"title": "Jo Koy",
"text": " \"my\" in Tagalog, so \"Jo Ko\" means \"my Jo\"). He misheard it and thought she said \"Koy,\" decided it was a good name, and has used it ever since.</s><s>Career. Jo Koy credits his mother for his comedic and acting talents. He frequently tells stories about her in his comedy shows. She encouraged him to participate in school talent shows and to hold impromptu performances for his family and friends. This led to performances at a Las Vegas coffee house and inspired a move to Los Angeles. The young comic began his stand-up career in 1994 at a comedy club in Las Vegas. Soon he moved from open mic night to a regular spot on the show \"Catch a Rising Star\" at the MGM Grand Hotel and Casino. After performing at the MGM Grand Las Vegas, he rented the Huntridge Theater and went door to door to sell tickets to his comedy shows. A talent coordinator from Los Angeles spotted Koy and landed him his first television appearance on BET's \"ComicView\". He has appeared in two seasons of \"Comic View\". The comedian has gone on to star in other TV stand-up specials like \"Jamie Foxx Presents: Laffapalooza!\". Jo Koy has"
},
{
"title": "Jo Koy",
"text": " won the \"Showtime at the Apollo\", performed in front of troops in the USO Tour, can be seen on various VH1 \"I Love the 70’s\", \"80’s\", \"90’s\", Tru TV's \"\" and \"New Millennium\" episodes, Amp'd Mobile phone commercials and received a second invite to the Montreal comedy festival \"Just For Laughs\", the series for which he was awarded Canada’s prestigious Gemini Award. Jo Koy was also a regular guest at Chelsea Handler’s roundtable discussion on E!'s \"Chelsea Lately\". Jo Koy has also appeared on Carlos Mencia’s Punisher Tour performing stand-up comedy in front of fans filling 10,000-seat arenas across the country. In 2005, Jo Koy performed on \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\". He became one of a select few comics to receive a standing ovation on the show. He started a podcast together with comedian and TV host Michael Yo on July 23, 2012, called \"The Michael Yo and Jo Koy Show\". Koy has also appeared on over 100 episodes of \"Chelsea Lately\" as a season regular roundtable guest. Other appearances include: \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy"
},
{
"title": "Jo Koy",
"text": " Fallon\", @Midnight with Chris Hardwick, VH1, \"World's Funniest Fails\", \"\", \"Jimmy Kimmel Live!\", \"Last Call with Carson Daly\" and \"Jamie Foxx: Laffapalooza\". Today, the comedian tours across the US and can be heard as a weekly guest on the podcast, \"The Adam Carolla Show\". He joined the PodcastOne family and hosts the weekly podcast, \"The Koy Pond\". Koy has done two highly-rated and successful comedy specials on Comedy Central: \"Don’t Make Him Angry\" and \"Lights Out\". His third comedy special, \"Jo Koy: Live from Seattle\" is a Netflix Original was released on March 28, 2017 worldwide. Koy released another Netflix special titled \"Jo Koy: Comin' In Hot\" on June 12, 2019. On February 23, 2019, Koy performed two shows on stage at the Wheeler Opera House, Aspen, CO for the closing night of Aspen Laugh Festival. On June 12, 2020, Netflix released \"Jo Koy: In His Elements\", a comedy special featuring Filipino American comedians, DJs, and B-boys. On July 28, 2022, Koy, alongside film producer Dan Lin"
},
{
"title": "Jo Koy",
"text": " appeared in the Rise for Comedy festival, where they raised a $75,000 donation to the nonprofit Search to Involve Pilipino Americans (SIPA).</s><s>Influences. Koy has named Eddie Murphy, Robin Williams, Billy Crystal, Whoopi Goldberg, Chris Rock, and Steve Martin as his comedy influences. In 2022, Blogtalk with MJ Racadio named him one of the \"75 Most Influential Filipino-Americans\".</s><s>Personal life. Koy has one son, Joseph Herbert Jr., born April 21, 2003, from a previous relationship with Angie King. Koy and his son reside in the San Fernando Valley area of Los Angeles, California. On September 27, 2021, Koy and Chelsea Handler posted an official Instagram post of their relationship. In July 2022, they announced their breakup on Handler's Instagram, which occurred in June. Koy is a practitioner of Brazilian jiu-jitsu.</s><s>Charity work. On August 4, 2009, The Jo Koy Foundation hosted its first philanthropic event in \"Hilarity for Charity\" a stand-up comedy show featuring Koy, along with special surprise comedic guests. The show took place at The Jon Lovitz Comedy Club, located in the heart of"
},
{
"title": "Jo Koy",
"text": " Citywalk, Universal City, California. Proceeds from the ticket sales were donated to The Children’s Hospital of Orange County.</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Jo Koy",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Asia/Pacific"
}
|
factscore-000398
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Rii Sen.
|
[
{
"title": "Rii Sen",
"text": "<s>Rii Sen Rii Sen (born Rituparna Sen) is an Indian actress who works in Bengali cinema. She started her career as a freelance model and television actress. Her debut film was \"Tepantorer Mathe\", but it was not released in theatres because of obscene scenes. She has acted in movies like \"Bishh\", \"Gandu\", and \"Cosmic Sex\". Sen is considered a notable actress of alternative Bengali cinema. She won a best actress award at Osian's Cinefan Festival of Asian and Arab Cinema for her movie \"Cosmic Sex\".</s><s>Career.</s><s>Career.:Early career. She has acted in a few television series (Tithir Otithi, Ekhane Akash Neel) and short films. The actress was also a contestant of \"Bigg Boss Bangla\" Season 2,</s><s>Career.:Film career.</s><s>Career.:Film career.:2009–2011. Sen acted in \"Tepantorer Mathe\", which was her debut feature film, but it was not released. In 2009 Sen worked in a documentary, \"Love in India\", directed by Qaushiq Mukherjee. The subject of the documentary was \""
},
{
"title": "Rii Sen",
"text": "dehotatwa\" (worshiping through one's body). In the same year she acted in another documentary, \"Many Stories of Love and Hate\", directed by Shyamal Karmakar. The documentary was screened at the Mumbai International Film Festival in 2010. In 2009, she acted in \"Bissh\", directed by Qaushiq Mukherjee. In this film Rii played the character Anushka, a college student. According to Rii, this was a very complex role and playing the character was very tough for her. She said in an interview— \"I play Bee in Bishh... Bee is not a simple, straightforward girl. She is complicated, confused yet confident. Maybe that's why she is called Bee. I almost lost my identity while getting into the skin of the character.\" In the 2010 film \"Gandu\", Sen played a lead role. For the character, Sen was required to portray frontal nudity. Qaushiq Mukherjee, the director of the film, said in an interview that he cast Rii because she was the only heroine (of the Bengali film industry) who could have played this role. \"IBNLive\" appreciated the work of Rii and wrote in their review—"
},
{
"title": "Rii Sen",
"text": " \"All the characters have put in their best efforts. Both Komolika and Rii have exuberated confidence in all the sex scenes, showing their maturity as actresses.\" In the 2010 film \"Autograph\", directed by Srijit Mukherji, Sen played a minor role.</s><s>Career.:Film career.:2011–present. Sen acted in 2012 film \"Koyekti Meyer Golpo\", directed by Subrata Sen. In this film she played the character of the wife of a don. She also acted in the Bengali film \"Cosmic Sex\", directed by Amitabh Chakraborty. The story of the film revolves around a young man's sexual self-discovery. Kripa, the young man, meets a prostitute, a eunuch and a female ascetic named Sadhana during his journey. The film was screened at Osian's film festival and got a warm reception. Sen appeared as Horotoni in the 2013 film \"Tasher Desh\", directed by Q aka Qaushiq Mukherjee. The film has been described as \"trippy adaptation\" of the Rabindrath Tagore's namesake play by Indian medias. According to a newspaper report published in \"The Times of India"
},
{
"title": "Rii Sen",
"text": "\" in May 2013, Sen is acting in debutant director Anirban Mukherjee's \"Byanka Prithibi\". In this film she is playing the character of a housewife. In 2014 it was announced that Rii would appear in Q (Quashiq Mukherjee) and Nikon's upcoming movie 'LUDO', playing a role not previously seen on Indian screens.</s><s>Career.:Television career. She has appeared in serials like \"Trinayani\" in Zee Bangla \"Dhrubotara\", Star Jalsha and Star Jalsha's \"Durga Durgeshwari\", \"Jai Kali Kalkattawali\" and \"Sanjher Baati\".</s><s>Sen as an actress of alternative cinema. Sen is regarded as a prominent actress of alternative Bengali cinema. In an article of \"Mint\", the performances of Sen was described as– \"the common link between a set of films that has been challenging the norms of acceptability and decorum in the past few years.\" According to Sen, sexuality is a cult for her. She also told— she wants to push her sexuality in cinema \"to the borderline where it becomes extreme and dangerous\". Sen was shot for frontal nudity scenes"
},
{
"title": "Rii Sen",
"text": " in Qaushik Mukherjee's \"Gandu\" and Amitabh Chakraborty's \"Cosmic Sex\". Though Paoli Dam is generally credited as the first Indian actress to shoot full nude scenes, according to a report of \"The Times of India\", Sen went for frontal nudity scene six months before Dam's work. Sen told she was happy that she could use her body for \"a great cinematic purpose\". She also told— \"As an artiste, I feel, it's important to record the passing time through one's work. And I don't want my work to be seen as gimmick of any sort.\"</s><s>Filmography. - Color key Pink indicates \"unreleased films\"; light green indicates \"documentary film\"</s><s>Awards. In 2012, Sen won a best actress award at Osian's Cinefan Festival of Asian and Arab Cinema for her movie \"Cosmic Sex\".</s><s>See also. - Paoli Dam - Nandana Sen</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Rii Sen",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Asia/Pacific"
}
|
factscore-000399
|
Question: Tell me a bio of Raghav Juyal.
|
[
{
"title": "Raghav Juyal",
"text": "<s>Raghav Juyal Raghav Juyal (born 10 July 1991) is an Indian dancer, choreographer, actor and television presenter. He is known as the \"King of Slow Motion\" for his surreal dance moves in slow motion style and for his reinvention of the \"\"Slow Motion Walk\"\" in India. He rose to fame after being a contestant and finalist in Zee TV's dance reality show \"Dance India Dance 3\" and a skipper for the team \"Raghav Ke Rockstars\" in \"Dance India Dance Li'l Masters 2\" and \"Dance Ke Superkids\" where his team was declared the winner under his captainship.\"\" He was a contestant on \"\" (2016).</s><s>Career.</s><s>Career.:Dance India Dance (season 3). Juyal became known when his audition video went viral on YouTube. He was a contestant on \"Dance India Dance 3 (2012)\", which aired on Zee TV. He was not professionally trained by anyone prior to coming on the show. Juyal showcased a new dance style but wasn't selected in the Top 18 by the Grand Master in Mega Audition. Later, on public demand, Grand Master Mithun Chakraborty made"
},
{
"title": "Raghav Juyal",
"text": " an exception in the format by reintroducing him on the show as his \"Trump Card\" in the Wild Card round, through which he entered the competition again. Thereafter, Juyal created different dance-forms and reached the finale. He was the most popular contestant of the season having garnered the most No. 1 positions in weekly voting. At the Grand finale, he was voted with votes in the 2nd runner up position.</s><s>Career.:DID Li'L Masters (season 2). After DID, Raghav became the skipper of team Raghav Ke Rockstars in \"DID Li'l masters (season 2)\" where he choreographed for Saumya Rai and Rohan Parkdale. He was the only skipper to lead both of his students to the Grand finale, in which Rohan and Saumya attained 2nd and 3rd runner up positions respectively.</s><s>Career.:Dance Ke Superkids. Raghav then choreographed for Zee TV's show \"Dance Ke Superkids\" as the Captain of DID Li'l Masters (season 2) team \"Yahoo\" and competed against DID Li'l Masters (season 1) team \"Wakao\" – with Dharmesh Yeland"
},
{
"title": "Raghav Juyal",
"text": "e as the Captain. In the Grand Finale, his team was declared the winner.</s><s>Career.:2014–present. In 2014, Juyal debuted as an actor by playing a pivotal role in the comedy film \"Sonali Cable\", co-starring Rhea Chakraborty and Ali Fazal, produced by Ramesh Sippy Entertainment which was released on 17 October 2014. One reviewer singled out Raghav's vivacious performance and praised his screen presence, while another says he \"steals every scene he's in\" and another says he is \"better than the leads\". The next year he starred in the dance film, \"ABCD 2,\" which was released on 19 June 2015, directed by Remo D'Souza co-starring Varun Dhawan and Shraddha Kapoor. Later, he also hosted the dance reality show \"Dance Plus\" which aired on Star Plus. In the same year, he co-hosted \"Prem Ki Diwali\" along with Karishma Tanna which was broadcast on Life Ok. In 2016, he was seen in \"\" season 7 as a contestant which aired on Colors TV. Later, he hosted \"Dance Plus (season 2)\"."
},
{
"title": "Raghav Juyal",
"text": " In the same year, he also co-hosted and appeared on \"Star Parivaar Awards\" and \"Colors Golden Petal Awards\". Later he hosted and performed on the show, \"Timeless Aisha\" which was aired on Zee Classic. The following year he co-hosted the singing reality show, \"Rising Star\" along with Meiyang Chang which aired on Colors TV. In mid 2017 he has hosted \"Dance Plus (season 3)\". In the same year, he began co-hosting the dance reality show, \"Dance Champions\" with Ridhima Pandit. In 2018, he co-hosted the second season of the singing reality show, \"Dil Hai Hindustani\" along with Mukti Mohan. He then starred in the romantic comedy film, \"Nawabzaade\" along with Dharmesh Yelande, Punit Pathak and Isha Rikhi directed by Jayesh Pradhan which was released on 27 July 2018. Later in the year, he co-hosted \"Dance Plus (season 4)\" along with Sugandha Mishra. In 2019, he hosted the dance reality show \"Dance Plus (season 5)\". In 2020, he appeared"
},
{
"title": "Raghav Juyal",
"text": " in dance film \"Street Dancer 3D\" with Varun Dhawan, Shraddha Kapoor, Prabhu Deva, and Nora Fatehi. Then he appeared in the second season of the Zee5 dark crime thriller series Abhay (TV series) directed by Ken Ghosh, which was released on 14 August 2020, playing the negative dark character for the first time. He played the lead role in the satirical comedy film \"Bahut Hua Samman\" produced by Yoodlee films and directed by Ashish R. Shukla, shared screen space with Sanjay Misra. The movie was released on 2 October 2020 on Disney+ Hotstar due to COVID-19 pandemic and received positive reviews from the audience and critics. Raghav next starred opposite Ankita Sharma in a romantic movie titled \"Wedlock\" directed by Sachin Karande and the film is Produced by Blue Orchid Entertainment and Creo Brains Motion Pictures, the shoot was completed in various locations of Mumbai in 25 days shoot schedule. The film is set to release in August 2021 On 15 February 2021, Farhan Akhtar dropped the first teaser of his new film, and announced \"Yudhra\" to be produced by his company, Excel Entertainment"
},
{
"title": "Raghav Juyal",
"text": ". Raghav along with Siddhant Chaturvedi and Malavika Mohanan. The film is directed by Ravi Udyawar.Yudhra's story and screenplay have been penned jointly by Farhan Akhtar and Shridhar Raghavan. The film is slated to release in summer 2022. Influences : His signature step is Slow Motion Walk. Choreographers like geeta kapoor & Remo D'Souza and Terrence Lewis have stated that they had never seen anyone emulate the slow motion walk in India, as realistically, before Raghav. Raghav is a trained actor, mentored by the actor and acting coach Saurabh Sachdeva.</s><s>Personal life. Raghav Juyal was born to Deepak Juyal, an advocate, and Alka Bakshi Juyal, his mother is a Punjabi. He was born and brought up in Dehradun, Uttarakhand. Born in a Garhwali family he belongs to his ancestral village Khetu in Uttarakhand. Juyal never had any formal training in dance but picked it up from watching performances from the internet and television. He started winning laurels as a dancer right from his days"
},
{
"title": "Raghav Juyal",
"text": " in Doon International School. Later, he joined DAV (PG) College to pursue his B.Com.</s><s>See also. - List of dancers</s>"
}
] |
factscore
|
{
"entity": "Raghav Juyal",
"frequency": "freq",
"region": "Asia/Pacific"
}
|
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