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Earth Science - Other
Can Science Save the Planet
Chris Handy's image for:
"Can Science Save the Planet"
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When referring to science one refers to the studies of the physical world through observation, the formation of theories, and experimentation to prove or disprove those theories. Scientists though, are supposed to look at these theories with constant skepticism. For instance, Einstein took Newton's laws of gravity and said that gravity, that thing holding me onto Earth, is just a theory. So why is it that climate researchers are so sure of global warming? Should they not be more skeptical about their theories? Or is there politics involved that is driving them to the conclusions they reach. I am not writing this essay as a scholar in the field; I am writing it as a student who feels politics should not be involved in science and that scientists should be doing what they were taught to do, which is to look at the world with a skeptical eye.
First of all, I do not feel it is proper to use the term global warming because today's data confirms that while the northern hemisphere is warming the southern hemisphere is cooling. This is due to precession, which I will discuss later. Through the course of this essay though, I feel the proper term is "global climate change" which has occurred naturally throughout the Earth's 4.5 billion year history. The modern fear of global warming is about as scary as the fear of global cooling during the 1970's. While both make sense to those who don't know science, it can be easily disproven by those who do.
Probably the most well known piece to global warming is the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse states that while certain gases are in the atmosphere they will trap heat, causing the Earth to warm. If this is true than I would like to hear an explanation as to why Antarctica is growing in size. Of course though, it is apparent that I will never see a story about that because that that will make even the dumbest of people realize that the Earth is not warming. Since most people think they understand the greenhouse effect and what it does to the Earth it seems relevant to explain the fact that greenhouse gases remove themselves naturally from the atmosphere. Of course though, when I went to find out how long it takes them to exit the atmosphere the answer I get was, "CO2 has a variable atmospheric lifetime, and cannot be specified precisely"?
Another aspect to science which is completely ignored in the global warming theory is the entire scientific theory. The scientific theory says that you must have an independent variable (constant) which changes due to a dependant variable. Global warming says that distribution of greenhouse gases causes Earth to warm but greenhouse gas levels cannot be an independent variable (constant) because of the simple fact that they are not uniform throughout the atmosphere. If you search for the greenhouse gas concentration over every major city in the United states you will not find the same number, and if you look at suburbs as well as rural areas the concentration will deviate even more. So the question remains. How can you say human pollution causes global warming when the pollutants are not the same throughout the atmosphere?
Having brought up pollution I'm sure Carbon Dioxide came to your mind. Little do people know that 95% of the pollution humans cause is actually water. Water vapor is not a threat though because that is what clouds are made of. Once you exclude water vapor (as most CNN broadcasts about global warming do) Carbon Dioxide is the next most concentrated greenhouse gas. Assuming that all of this Carbon Dioxide goes into the atmosphere, CO2 only consitutes for .03% of Earths atmosphere. So why is it seen as such a threat? The answer is that no one knows that statistic and blindly believe what they read on the headlines of the newspaper and what they hear in the first 15 seconds of a news segment. In fact I would challenge any regular person who thinks they understand global warming from what they read in the newspaper to explain. All they will do is preech that pollution causes the Earth to warm because Al Gore made a movie about it.
Next, when you step outside and complain that it's hot you should think again. Most people have never heard of the medieval warm period but approximately 1,000 years ago it was warmer than it is now. Obviously pollution couldn't have caused this warm period because the industrial revolution occurred 200 years ago. So what could have made it so warm you ask? The answer: Natural causes. Humans aren't responsible for global climate change.
First is something called precession. Most people don't think of the world on a large scale but as the Earth rotates about it's axis it moves in weird ways. To understand this concept you must first understand that ALL objects in the universe with mass exert gravity on eachother. This means all the planets, the sun, even other galaxies to an extent will influence the Earth with their gravity. This causes the Earth's axis to wobble. What this does is it moves the Earth's poles closer to or further from the sun. This is why while the Northern hemisphere warms, the southern hemisphere cools. Another cause has to do with the sun itself. As we all know, through nuclear fusion the sun gives off heat. What most people don't know though, is that sometimes the sun gives off more heat than other times. Through periods of 22 years (called the solar cycle) sunspots on the surface of the sun shift. These sunspots control parts of the sun's magnetic field. What happens is over 11 years the sunspots shift so that the sun's magnetic field actually flips itself over and than over the next 11 years it flips itself back. During each of those 2 points when the magnetic field is flipped one way or the other, the sun gives off immense amounts of heat. These are actually the cause of the Aurora Borealis, which in case you don't know are the beautiful lights given off by gases in the atmosphere which are ionized by the high amounts of energy the sun hits them with.
Lastly, the politics behind global warming must be discussed. It has become apparent since the late 1970's that we have a limited amount of fossil fuels here on the Earth. I'm not sure how many people have noticed but ever since global warming became a big deal, cars that get high gas mileage and hybrids have been highly advertised. People are always talking about conspiracy theories involving the government, but what business does the government have involving itself with climate research? What business is it of an ex-Vice President to make a movie about global warming? It is clear that the quickest way to cause change is to scare people, so what a better way to cause a change than to tell them that if they don't buy hybrids and/or fuel efficient cars they will die because of global warming. Then to top it all off you have the liberal media jumping on the opportunity to scare people even though the writers have no idea what they're talking about.
I am not writing this essay as a scholar. I am writing it as a skeptical high school senior who feels that politics has no place in climate research, and that global warming is not a threat, nor does it exist. If you question anything I said go look any of it up in an encyclopedia or a text book and read about it yourself. The whole theory of global warming has so many holes in it that it is suprising that no real scientist has questioned it yet. Now my question to you is this. Will you question it, or will you follow blindly believing a "scientific" theory which does not follow the basics of science itself?
More about this author: Chris Handy
From Around the Web
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I am writing a non-magical fantasy story set in a low-tech world that is primarily composed of city-states with limited regional authority. I am trying to work out what kinds of seemingly realistic accommodations could/would be in place for disabled people. Culturally, I am trying to craft a world whose prejudices are very distinct from Earthly ones: no sexuality, gender-related, disability-related, or “race”-related discrimination exists. I am not trying to be “realistic” in terms of portraying the accommodations that the real past or the real present offers; I am trying to be realistic in a very optimistic, yet low-tech way, when it comes to accommodations. Do you have any advice for me?
– Kiera
Hi Kiera,
A lot of the time when people think about accessibility, they think about adaptive equipment such as wheelchairs and prosthetics. While adaptive equipment matters, it is important to keep in mind that the structure of the society plays a big role in shaping people’s accessibility needs. For example, cities with lots of stairs, but few ramps or elevators, create a need for wheelchairs that can climb stairs. In contrast, there isn’t a need for wheelchairs that can climb stairs in a city where all of the buildings have ramps and elevators. This is why it is helpful to start with broader aspects of social structure, such as architecture and social norms, when designing an accessible society.
I recommend researching accessible architecture. Many aspects of accessible architecture can be achieved at lower technology levels, like using ramps instead of stairs and using curves instead of sharp corners. On the smaller scale, things like using round tables and diverse seating options are also very achievable. Keep in mind that different people have different accessibility needs, so it helps to avoid uniformity and instead provide multiple options.
It’s also worth thinking about how ancient technology could be used by a society that cared more about accessibility. For example, while electric elevators are a relatively recent invention, humans have been using crane technology since ancient times. A society that wanted to could adapt this crane technology into something like an elevator.
The social structure of the society also has a big impact on accessibility. It is important to avoid situations where there is only one way to participate in something. Instead, create social situations where either the behavior of the group adjusts to meet individual needs or where there is a range of ways for people to participate. For example, having quiet spaces at large community celebrations provides space for those people who are overwhelmed by crowds. Another important behavior is open communication where people set expectations and ask about accessibility needs while events are being planned.
When it comes to adaptive equipment, devices like wheelchairs and prosthetics have been around in some form for a long time. A little research into this history should provide a reasonable starting point for deciding what form these items will take in your setting. Keep in mind that a society that cares more about accessibility will put more effort into developing adaptive equipment, so it makes sense to err on the side of optimism and make sure that the accessibility needs of the characters are being met.
Best wishes,
Fay from Writing Alchemy
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Condor Legion
Page 1 of 13 - About 122 essays
• The Condor Legion : Hitler Honed The Blitzkrieg In The Spanish Civil War
920 Words | 4 Pages
The Condor Legion: Hitler Honed the Blitzkrieg in the Spanish Civil War In 1936, right-wing military commanders launched the coup d’état that sparked the Spanish Civil War. These insurgents, or Nationalists, quickly enlisted the support of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy in their struggle against the loyalists, or Republicans. Eager to counter Soviet participation on the Republican side – and to test his own armed forces – Hitler formed the Condor Legion. Ultimately, 19,000 German troops served in
• Guernica By Pablo Picasso
700 Words | 3 Pages
born in Spain and was devastated to see it be ruled by a fascist who has taken over the country. Hitler, preparing for a world war, was making new weapons and asked Franco if he could test them on a spanish city. On April 26, 1937, the German Condor Legion bombed the city of Guernica in Northern Spain, all with the permission of Franco. The bombing killed over a thousand people and left the world shocked. Picasso’s oil painting on canvas captures both the reactions of the public and the pain of the
• Guernica's History Essay
1081 Words | 5 Pages
it did not cause the bridge the bridge to collapse, would doubtless have made it unsafe for traffic (Gordon, Morgan 1975). The Condor Legion had had many successful missions to prove their accuracy. For example, they succeeded in dropping provisions squarely into the courtyard of the besieged Nationalist city of Alcazar. For the Guernica mission the Condor Legion was equipped with airplanes consisting of three German types, Junkers and Heinkel bombers and Heinkel fighters which were loaded with
• Symbolism In Guernica
720 Words | 3 Pages
Guernica, the title of the painting, is a town in Basque Country, Spain. It was the target of terror bombing during the Spanish civil war because it was the northern bastion of the Republican resistance movement. First, war is depicted as devastating and it cares no one – men, women, grandparents, children neither animals. Everyone is a victim. By looking at the paintings, the people are in pain. With their mouth open that might mean streaming out their agony; with their fingers wide spread, they
• Disappearances In Ferguson Analysis
1033 Words | 5 Pages
detainees once they disappeared into the hundreds of secret detention centers known as "pits" and "black holes". Aside from spreading confusion among guerrilla organizations, planting fear in Argentine society, destroying incriminating evidence, and misleading world opinion, the disappearances also served as a remembrance of the ‘Dirty War’. The armed forces did their best to influence national memory by impressing, the dirty war had been a legitimate antirevolutionary war against a guerrilla insurgency
• Why Should Zoos Be Illegal
1062 Words | 5 Pages
Imagine going to the zoo. Getting to see all sorts of unique animals. But has anyone wondered if the zoo is helping animals or is it the opposite? People had despised zoos for animal captivity and complained that zoos should be illegal. Why is that? Other’s imagine animals in a cramped cage as they are treated poorly, but that is not the case. Zoos had existed for a while and they have been helping animals ever since. Zoos should not be illegal because it keeps all animals safe and well fed
• The Conservation Of Wildlife Animals
925 Words | 4 Pages
California condors. Goodall starts the story with a humorous description about the condors; she describes the redness of condors ' bare head and their strong wings. She continued by informs the readers about the decline of California condors and how it raised a controversial between the biologists and the “protectionist” regarding the issue of captive breeding. As the possibility of condors surviving in the wild decreases, the argument finally comes to an end when the “last wild Condors [are] taken
• Essay about Understanding Kissinger’s Actions Toward Chile
1231 Words | 5 Pages
Understanding Kissinger’s Actions Toward Chile Can an individual influence foreign policy? Based upon the eight years that Henry Kissinger was the Secretary of State it is clear that an individual can (Starr 466). It has become apparent through recently released classified documents that Kissinger played a large role in allowing the brutal Pinochet dictatorship over Chile to take place and allowed massive human rights violations to continually occur during the Pinochet regime. What is continually
• The Importance Of Zoos In The Conservation Of Animals
828 Words | 4 Pages
“Zoos and aquariums are some of the best places for you and your family to get connected to nature and become engaged in conservation action” (“Society”). Zoos are essential in growing public awareness of nature. Recently, zoos have faced controversies from animal activists. Many believe animals are restrained of their rights. Furthermore, individuals believe it is wrong to display animals for entertainment which is unethical and unnecessary. However, such perception is only one of many aspects.
• Paraguay's Archive Of Terror Analysis
732 Words | 3 Pages
The article “Paraguay’s Archive of Terror: International Cooperation and Operation Condor” by Katie Zoglin centers around the way in which the Southern Cone countries, with a specific focus on Paraguay, dealt with political opponents. The article was written in the period of winter-spring in 2001. This is significant because the article is also from the American Law Review at Miami University in a period just after the 9/11 attacks. This could affect some of the ideas about military governments and
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Voir en
LHC Report: the role of the injectors
How the injector chain has contributed to increase the luminosity of the proton-lead ion run
For its last four running weeks of the year the LHC is colliding protons (p) with lead ions (Pb). This not only presents a challenge for the collider itself, but also for the six accelerators involved in producing the beams, which have to provide the bunches that will eventually collide in ALICE, ATLAS, CMS and LHCb. Two different injector chains boost and deliver the two different types of particles to the LHC. For the protons, the chain is Linac 2, the PS Booster (PSB), the Proton Synchrotron (PS) and the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS), and for the lead ions, it’s Linac 3, the Low Energy Ion Ring (LEIR), the PS and the SPS.
The challenge for the injector complex is twofold. Firstly, the injection pattern of the protons must match with that of the lead ions, in order to maximise the number of colliding bunches in the LHC.
The ideal situation would be to have the same number of bunches and the same bunch spacing for both protons and lead ions. However, the lead ion injection technique sets a constraint. LEIR and the PS can only provide the SPS with a lead ion beam consisting of four bunches spaced by 100 nanoseconds (ns), a different pattern than in normal p-p operations where the proton beam consists of 72 bunches spaced by 25 ns.
Secondly, the intensity of the proton beam must also be reduced to correspond to that of the lead ions. For p-Pb operations, the proton bunches need to be five times less intense than usual.
The best possible match that the injector team has found is to inject a train of two batches each consisting of 18 bunches of protons and a train of seven batches consisting of four bunches of lead ions (see picture for more details).
The injector chain is already benefiting from the results of the LHC Injector Upgrade (LIU) project, which aims to upgrade the beam performance of the injectors for the future High-Luminosity LHC. Since the beginning of the run, the Pb injectors have delivered an intensity three times greater than the original design value. This was a major contributor to reaching peak luminosity about six times greater than expected when the proton-lead programme was planned just a few years ago.
At the time of writing, the LHC is still on course to achieve all the physics goals of this run, in spite of all the technical mishaps encountered, such as a power cut last week and a quench on 24 November.
When not filling the LHC, the injector chain provides beams for lots of other users, including the Antiproton Decelerator, AWAKE, HiRadMat, and the North Area.
The injection scheme for the proton beam (upper part of the picture) starts with the PSB, which first sends four bunches to the PS, followed by two more 1.2 seconds later. In the PS, the bunches are then split in three and are spaced by 100 ns. The 18 resulting bunches are accelerated to 25 GeV and delivered to the SPS. This operation is repeated and the second batch of 18 bunches is injected next to the first one in the SPS, with a spacing of 200 ns. After acceleration to 450 GeV, the 36-bunch train is transferred to the LHC. For the lead ion beam (lower half of the picture): LEIR accelerates the ion beam in two bunches to 72 MeV/nucleon, and sends it to the PS. In the PS, the bunches are split in two and their spacing is set to 100 ns using an RF technique known as “batch expansion”. The accelerated beam is extracted towards the SPS and traverses a 1-mm thick aluminium foil, which strips the ions of their 28 remaining electrons. This operation is repeated six times, accumulating the seven four-bunch trains in the SPS with a spacing of 200 ns. The 28 bunches are sent to the LHC after acceleration to 177 GeV/nucleon.Due to the different bunch spacings, only the 27 blue bunches collide in each train. Each operation is repeated 20 times to fill both rings of the LHC.
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New High-Tech Lab at Fred Hutch Creates 3D Maps of Proteins to Aid Therapeutics and Vaccine Research
A new lab has launched at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center to facilitate the cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) technique, which uses extreme temperatures and an electron microscope to create 3D maps of proteins.
The detailed images produced by cryo-EM bring the complex movement and structure of molecules to life in high resolution, allowing researchers to better understand their function. This groundbreaking method could ultimately lead to new therapeutics and vaccines targeting illnesses from autoimmune diseases to cancer and infectious diseases.
Fred Hutch plans to continue building up the facility and staff to expand the field, with the goal of eventually moving on from looking at a single protein or virus to bigger structures like cells.
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Skip to main content
Economic Opportunity and Growth
Disrupting Beliefs in Racial Economic Progress
Despite limited progress, stark wealth inequality still exists between Black and White Americans, and many Americans are unaware of the size of the gap. In Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, management professor and IPR associate Ivuoma Onyeador, IPR faculty adjunct Jennifer Richeson, and their colleagues examine whether information about racism’s impact on opportunities and outcomes for racial minorities improves White Americans’ perceptions of the current Black-White wealth gap. In one study, 667 White participants read an article about racial inequality in the U.S. or another article and then provided their estimates of income and wealth equality between Black and White Americans in 1963 and 2016. In a second study, 845 White participants were randomly assigned to read one of two articles about the persistence of racial discrimination because of either explicit bias or implicit bias, or they did not read anything. Both studies found that reading about racism and either implicit or explicit discrimination produced smaller overestimates of how much the wealth gap had narrowed over time, but largely because participants adjusted their estimates of past levels of racial economic equality down. The findings indicate that, while White Americans’ belief in racial progress may be disrupted temporarily, their belief in the equality of Black and White Americans’ current economic circumstances is misinformed. Future research is needed to uncover interventions that could help provide accurate information about current economic gaps.
Immigration and Entrepreneurship in the U.S.
Immigration can expand labor supply and create greater competition for native-born workers, but immigrants also start businesses and increase the demand for labor. In an IPR working paper, strategy professor and IPR associate Benjamin Jones and his colleagues study the role of immigrants in entrepreneurship. Using U.S. Census Bureau data and population-wide W-2 tax records, they integrated employment and demographic records to see whether founders of companies between 2005 and 2010 were native- or foreign-born. To determine the immigrant status of the founders and the size of the companies, the researchers also examined the U.S. Census’s Survey of Business Owners in 2012, and they collected data on firms listed in the 2017 Fortune 500 ranking. The researchers find across the data that immigrants start companies of every size at higher rates than native-born individuals. Overall, the results show immigrants are highly entrepreneurial. Jones and his colleagues suggest that immigrants act more as "job creators" than "job takers." These findings can help resolve the tension between labor supply-oriented analyses, where immigrants are seen to compete with local workers and depress wages, and natural experiments that often show more positive economic results of immigration for native born workers. Jones is the Gordon and Llura Gund Family Professor of Entrepreneurship.
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Quick Answer: Can Your Baby Die In The Womb Without You Knowing?
Can sitting in hot water cause miscarriage?
Can a dead fetus make you sick?
What food can kill a baby when pregnant?
What week is miscarriage most common?
What causes a baby to die in the womb?
There are wide-ranging reasons why a baby may die in the womb. These reasons include how the placenta works, genetic factors, a mum’s health, age and lifestyle, and if there has been any infection. Problems with the placenta are thought to be the most common cause of a baby dying in the womb.
Is it OK to sleep on right side when pregnant?
Why do stillborn babies look bruised?
Lips – your baby’s lips may be a bright cherry red, or a deep purple color. This can be due to birth asphyxia, or due to the baby’s blood pooling after death has occurred. Head — collapse of the skull with overlapping bones, cranial bones become separated from the dura and periosteum.
How can I check my baby’s heartbeat at home?
How do they remove a dead baby from the womb?
How do I know if my baby is growing inside me?
What are the signs of unhealthy pregnancy?
First Trimester Problems: When to Call Your DoctorVaginal Bleeding. … Excessive Nausea and Vomiting. … High Fever. … Vaginal Discharge and Itching. … Pain or Burning During Urination. … Leg or Calf Pain, or Swelling on One Side/ Severe Headache. … Flare-Ups of Chronic Diseases.
How do you know if something is wrong with your pregnancy?
Normal discomforts of pregnancy can include nausea (especially in the first 3 months), heartburn, a need to urinate often, backache, breast tenderness and swelling, and tiredness. There are some symptoms that may mean danger for you or the baby.
What week is stillbirth most common?
What is Stillbirth?An early stillbirth is a fetal death occurring between 20 and 27 completed weeks of pregnancy.A late stillbirth occurs between 28 and 36 completed pregnancy weeks.A term stillbirth occurs between 37 or more completed pregnancy weeks..
Which fruits should avoid during pregnancy?
Can a baby be put back in the womb?
In a pioneering operation, a team of California surgeons has removed a 23-week-old fetus from his mother’s womb, successfully operated to correct a blocked urinary tract and then returned the unborn baby to the uterus and sewed the womb back up.
What are the symptoms if baby dies in womb?
How long can you keep a dead baby in your womb?
Why does a fetus heart stop beating?
This means the genetic material in the chromosomes wasn’t right for a baby to develop. In a missed miscarriage, either the embryo doesn’t develop, or it doesn’t get very far and the heartbeat stops. Occasionally it happens beyond the first few weeks, perhaps at eight weeks or 10 weeks, or even further on.
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Power BITutorials
How to Create A Sequential List Using Power Query
1 Mins read
The Power Query M language allows you to create a list containing a sequence of numbers or characters very easily. This is possible when you are defining lists by using expressions in the format-
To get in-depth knowledge about Power Query and its functions, check our latest high rated Power Query Course and become a pro in Power Query & it’s functioning.
Create A Sequential List With Power Query
Let us take an example to understand this feature.
Step 1: Add Custom Column
You can write an M query in Power Query Editor for creating a list of integers, list of characters and list of Unicode values. After you load the data in Power Query, you can link it to the list or table created using M query. To write the M query you can use the Advanced Editor or Custom column as shown below.
Step 2: Write M Code
Write the M code we have created a simple table with three columns and three rows using the below-given formula-
#table({“A”..”C”}, {{1..3}, {7..9}, {11..13}})
The output of this formula is shown below.
You can learn more :
This is how you can control, shape and modify your data table using Power Query Editor features in Power BI.
Leave a Reply
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— Veronica Reynolds, Arvada, Colorado
Those numbers might make a person believe she could get by quite nicely without a gallbladder, but the organ does in fact serve an important purpose in digestion. It stores and releases bile, a substance that helps the body process fat.
When the gallbladder is removed, bile still flows from the liver (where it originates) into the small intestine. However, the release is more haphazard and can result in discomfort after a meal—particularly one that is high in fat.
My first recommendation is to consider eating smaller meals evenly spaced throughout the day and to reduce your intake of dietary fat. You may find these minor changes are all you need.
If that doesn't work, try slowly increasing your intake of fiber—from whole grains, fruits, vegetables, beans, and lentils—which helps speed the movement of food through your system. More efficient digestion can also help reduce bloating.
A few gradual adjustments should ensure that you and food get along just fine, even without your gallbladder there to referee.
Next Story
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How well does imaging AI perform in the real world?
November 27, 2018 | Article
Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms can yield impressive results when tested on images similar to those used in their training. But how well do they do on images acquired at other hospitals and on different patient populations? Not always as well, according to research published online November 6 in PLOS Medicine.
The full article can be found here.
With all of the recent buzz around the use and potential of AI, there have been few successful examples that show how they perform in the real world. This is why the work of radiologists is essential to identifying a lesion, and then utilizing machine learning tools do the rest. The HealthMyne Platform relies on radiologists to identify abnormalities and then our algorithms, powered by machine learning, segment the lesion and provide the valuable quantitative data to utilize when making treatment decisions.
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Museo Galileo - Willem Cornelisz Schouten
Museo Galileo
Virtual Museum
Willem Cornelisz Schouten
Able Dutch navigator, planned a voyage to the East without passing the Cape of Good Hope or crossing the Magellan Straits - two routes authorized only for ships of the Dutch East India Company. The expedition, of which Jacob Le Maire was also a member, left in 1615 and effectively found a new southern passage between the Atlantic and the Pacific. Schouten's new route came to be routinely used by the Dutch. Schouten made many other voyages to the East, and died on his way home from an expedition in 1625.
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Open EXE File – What is and How to View – Format and Programs
File type: Windows Executable
What is
The EXE file extension is employed in identifying the executable files on the different Operating Systems of Microsoft including DOS and Windows as well as the Operating System OS/2.
The executable files are known as applications that run when they are double clicked. The said refers to an executable file type which means that the said file is a software application. All applications running on the Microsoft Operating Systems or DOS utilize it.
Additionally, it contains a variety of resources that include graphics and icons certain programs use for their graphical user interface or GUI.
It also contains other pieces of information that are not a part of an application including the needed environment or platform required in order to execute the program application properly, housekeeping information that will be used by the OS in preparing for the execution of the program, and pieces of information that pertain to debugging and symbolic information.
The said information is not typically a component of the EXE files wherein the systems only have a small storage room and are embedded. Moreover, the information significant to debugging is not usually provided with the EXE files that could be availed of in commercial packages.
Detailed information
Category: Executable Files
File format: Proprietary
Open with Windows: Various Programs
Open with Linux: Wine, Cedega, Various programs
All the executable files in the EXE file extension begin with ASCII MZ. However, the said file extension is generated by various compilers that could contain more identification than the standard ASCII MZ.
Meanwhile, unless the EXE has properly formatted computer instructions, it could not be properly executed even if it has a properly marked identification. The files that contain this format run on MS Windows, OS/2, ReactOS, DOS and OpenVMS Operating Systems.
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7 Common Challenges In Plants
Sometimes, killing a plant accidentally is inevitable. It’s true, we’re just being honest. Most plant owners have been in that situation. Especially if you’re new in gardening, it’s almost impossible for you to avoid it. So if ever you’ve had your own murder (of a plant of course!) and feel ashamed, don’t hesitate to try again.
With practice and correct instruction on how to take care of a plant, you shall avoid being in the same crime. Here are the 7 common challenges in plants you might face. Read on and see how you can deal with it.
This is one of the most common challenges that a gardener and a plant can have. Over-watering and Under-watering your plants can cause its slow death. Caring for our plant is shown through correct watering.
Over-watering can drown your plants while Under-watering them will leave their roots dry and thirsty. You’ll see signs if your plants are over or under watered.
Over-watering: The soil does not dry. The roots and leaves turn yellow.
Under-watering: Drooping stem and leaves.
This depends on the type of plant you are cultivating. Some plants need more water while others don’t need much. To know if you have given it enough water, use your fingers to check the soil of the plant.
Feel the moisture level of the soil to properly assess the wetness level of your plant.
This is the same with over-watering. You should follow the water direction for different plants. Slowly water your plant until you see the soil is evenly wet. Again, use your fingers to check the moisture level of your plant’s soil.
Light is important but too much or little of it can harm your beloved plants. Light from the window is not enough to cater to your plant’s need for light. Light exposure does not always mean direct exposure to it. Sometimes, it is the feeling of warmth your plants get.
Little light: The color of the leaves turns green and soon begin to droop.
Too much light: The leaves burn and there are brown spots. The color of the leaves starts to turn yellow.
Little light: Move to a brighter spot where your plant can have more light and warm.
Too much light: Move your plant away from direct sunlight, such as the window pane.
The light that is needed will depend on your plant. So you better take note of that.
This works in a similar manner with watering. You need to know the amount of sunlight needed by your chosen plant. You can experiment on this, just make sure that you always check your plants so they don’t die.
You can also relate these problems with the first 2 problems that were mentioned above. Over or under fertilizing your plants can cause their slow death. You probably know that fertilizers are plants’ source of nutrition. It’s their food supplement. Plant’s do eat too if you’re not aware of that.
Excess nutrients can harm your plant’s roots. Think of it as a child getting obese because of too much food. While under-fertilizing your plant can happen if you were not able to feed your plant for 6 months. It’s like malnourished kiddo.
Over-fertilized: The leaves are burnt because of the fertilizer.
Under-fertilized: The growth of your plants is slow and does not show new shoots and flowers.
Over-fertilized: Decrease the fertilizer’s concentration and lessen the frequency of doses.
Under-fertilized: Give your plant low doses of fertilizer.
Your plants grow and eventually, they can run out of space to spread to. Usually, this happens once yearly. For other plants, it can occur once every two years. You shall see roots popping out of the soil as a clear sign for this problem.
No plant growth and roots pop out of the soil.
Re-pot! Check out guides on how to re-pot your plant if you don’t know how to.
Moving your plants from places to places too much can cause problems. They like to have a rooted style of life. So moving them around too much only adds stress to them.
So before permanently planting them in your garden, it is best much as possible, find a spot that will be theirs for the rest of their plant life.
Yellowing leaves with slow growth.
Avoid moving them too much.
This is very common, not just with plants but also with humans. Diseases are problems that can occur from time to time. It’s just a matter of how you face it properly and immediately to stop it. Constantly checking for your plant’s health is significant for their healthy growth. Recognizing problems early can reduce the chances of diseases spreading on your plant.
Irregular growth of a plant (noticeable pests and insects are seen)
You can call for professional help if you don’t know what to do. You can check out for some DIY steps to tend to your plants’ health here.
Grooming is needed by plants as well as people do. A loose stem, dropping leaves, and fall flowers are just normal things with plants. However, you have to keep them tidy to avoid pests and insects from pestering them.
Stunted growth of plants
Remove dead leaves, branches, and flowers. Clean up so they won’t pile up.
Properly label your plants so you will know the right amount of sunlight, water, and fertilizer to use on them. Buy organic plant markers, today.
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CodeBreakers Video Library
This is a course of short animated videos to help you understand jargon related to literacy.
This selection of short, animated videos will help you to understand:
How to label letters of the alphabet, tricky sequencing, letter reversals, alternate labelling
What is the difference between a letter name or sound
What is a consonant or vowel
What is a noun, verb, adjective or adverb
What is a syllable
The difference between a syllable and sound
What is a blend
What is a digraph
What is a prefix or suffix
Paste and present tense
Word morphology
What is a homophone
We’ll keep adding to the content, please pop by and visit again soon if you can’t see the video you’re looking for.
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"content": "{\n \"format\": 1,\n \"knowledge\": 1,\n \"slop\": 5,\n \"justification\": \"The passage is a chaotic mash of questions, instructions, and ad copy with almost no coherent paragraph flow or punctuation. It offers only generic, surface‑level references to Nuremberg without substantive detail, and it is saturated with SEO filler, repeated marketing slogans, and empty filler.\"\n}"
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1. How did war criminals escape prosecution? 2. Discuss the formation of the International Military Tribunal.3. How were war criminals tracked and captured?. Define the four different charges against individual Nazis and Nazi organizations.5. What was the format used for the Nuremberg trials? critical Thinking Questions1. What evidence was used at the Nuremberg trial and why?. Consider Hermann Goering’s behavior at the trial. Why did he behave the way he did and how does that play into his eventual suicide? 3. How did the Eichmann trial differ from the Nuremberg trials and what was the impact of the Eichmann trial? 4. Discuss the reasons for the public proceedings at Nuremberg. Why was it so important to have a public, legal trail with the proper process? During the trial, prosecutors had to present sensitive and horrifying materials, including photographs of victims and evidence of crimes against humanity.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of presenting this type of material in a trial? Do you think you would have taken the same approach as the Nuremberg prosecutors? Why or why not? Shtetl <- your first lablinkThisdocumentary is several hours long. Watch at least the first hour of the film for this unit. (The rest of the film will be covered in the next unit.) Read through some of the information from the left-hand side menu.. How did the Holocaust affect the Polish town that Marzynski and his friend visit? Write at least three paragraphs in response to the question.2. Marzynski and his friend confront the idea that some of the Polish townspeople killed or turned in their Jewish neighbors. How do they feel about this? 3. Do the townspeople still hold anti-Semitic feelings? Explain your answer.4. Why did some of the Jewish townspeople to the woods during the Nazi occupation? What was their life like there? 5. Why do you think Marzynski is reluctant to return to his own hometown? Why do you think Nathan wanted to search for his family’s shtetl? Get assignment help here
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Skip to content
Compressed Gas Safety
Compressed gas cylinders can be extremely hazardous, not only because of the contents of the cylinders, but because of the pressure of the gases within the cylinders, so there is a dual concern. When a cylinder is compromised, there’s worry about how the container itself may behave, but also about the potential from harm from whatever chemical is stored inside.
Learning Objectives:
(1) Identify hazards associated with cylinder dispensing and control components and contents
(2) Recognize identification labels and markings on compressed gas cylinders
(3) Recall practices to safely use compressed gas cylinders and their components
(4) Identify safe methods of moving and storing compressed gas cylinders.
Course length: 21 Minutes
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1. epiphysis
noun. the end of a long bone; initially separated from the main bone by a layer of cartilage that eventually ossifies so the parts become fused.
• long bone
Featured Games
2. epiphysis
noun. a small endocrine gland in the brain; situated beneath the back part of the corpus callosum; secretes melatonin.
• pineal body
• ductless gland
• endocrine gland
• epiphysis cerebri
• endocrine
Example sentences of the word epiphysis
1. Noun, singular or mass
Each epiphysis is capped with articular cartilage that connects the bone to the rest of the body while simultaneously cushioning the end of the bone.
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Snakes, fishing methods, cooking on a fire and eating snakes during survival in extreme or emergency situations.
Science claims that out of about 2,400 species of snakes, about 200 of them are deadly to humans. Despite this, one should not be afraid of the unpleasant consequences of eating snake meat. Almost all snakes, both poisonous and non-poisonous, are edible. Snake venom, if it exists, is only in their head, and therefore meat can be eaten without fear of poisoning.
We will not dwell on the reasons that may prompt you to catch and eat snakes during a short outing or a multi-day trip. We believe that they will be quite substantial and reasonable..
Catching snakes.
When catching snakes, extreme care must be taken, it is better to be safe again and consider each of them poisonous by default, regardless of whether you visually recognized it or not. In case the snake defeats the snake-man, you must remember the rules for first aid after a bite of snakes and, if available, prepare the necessary tools, for example, the Swyer Extractor Pump Kit.
Keeping from the snake at a safe distance, at least one of its length, so that it does not reach you in the throw, with a long, forked stick (branch), we securely press the snake’s head to the ground and then either cut it off with a knife or chop it off with an ax. Or smash it with a stone or another stick. Even in the head of a poisonous snake separated from the body, its teeth remain very dangerous. Therefore, the head must be buried, farther and deeper, so that then you do not accidentally step on it.
Cutting and Cooking Snakes.
From the headless snake we remove the skin and remove the insides. To do this, after making a long longitudinal section along her belly, we take the skin with one hand and pull the carcass with the other. Then we remove all the insides and then wash the carcass. If the snake is large, then the skin can not be removed, only gut and rinse well.
The prepared snake carcass can be cooked, previously cut into pieces, or baked in coals (in its own skin) or over the heat of a fire (if the skin was removed). Snakes do not smell very good, so you should not postpone the cooking procedure, there will be less unpleasant sensations. The easiest, most convenient and fastest way to cook a snake is to bake it over a fire. To do this, we fix the carcass on a raw skewer branch and place it over the heat of coals or fire of the fire. The dish is ready when the meat is easily separated from the bones. In extreme cases, if it is not possible to get fire, snake meat can be eaten raw. However, it is better to refrain from this, you never know what parasites live on it. Any heat treatment would be preferable.
Original snake recipes by Jerry Hopkins, author of Extreme Cooking.
Breaded Rattlesnake Snack.
Kill the snake and hang it by the tail for an hour, having previously cut off its head. Refresh and gut. Cut into pieces, which are then soaked for 2 hours in milk. Roll the pieces in cornmeal or breadcrumbs, or in a mixture thereof. Deep-fry. Serve with hot Louisiana sauce, texas pepper sauce or tartar sauce.
Pickled Snake Cooked with Rice.
Refresh the snake and cut its meat into chopsticks with chopsticks. Sliced in a mixture of soy sauce, garlic, ginger and bourbon whiskey. Then put the meat on partially cooked rice and continue cooking until both are cooked..
How to distinguish a venomous snake from a non-venomous snake, some signs. Small video.
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Understanding with the Heart
There are seed that fall in good soil, who produce good fruit, yielding one hundred-fold, sixty, or thirty. These are those who hear the word and understand it.
Matthew 13:23
The parable of the sower is somewhat unusual because Jesus tells the disciples its meaning. Its broad purpose is to explain the failure of the grace God has poured out on the earth and its inhabitants to produce universally faith, hope, love, and obedience, and in some the seed, understood, has produced fruit pleasing to God.
Jesus gives three examples of failure, examples now familiar. The seed that falls along the path is easily taken away by the birds because the one thus gifted has no understanding. The seed that fell on rocky ground represents those who receive the word with joy but whose understanding is superficial; when their faith is tried, when the commands of Christ seem hard, these fall away. The seed that falls among thorns does not bear fruit because the one to whom it is entrusted is seduced by the cares of the world, delights in the good things of the world to the exclusion of faithfulness to Christ.
Jesus also gives a single example of success. These are seed that fall in good soil, who produce good fruit , yielding one hundred-fold, sixty, or thirty. They hear the word and understand it. The good soil is the heart prepared by grace given and received, enabling the elect to understand the Word.
The verb beneath the word “understand” is a compound of the prefix together or with and a verb that has many meanings. Its use in Matthew must signal its importance, for, although it appears in other biblical texts, in the Gospels it is limited to parallel texts and to those describing the disciples’ understanding of Jesus’ words. Of course Jesus spoke Aramaic, but we trust the Greek-speaker who recorded His words for the Graeco-Roman world to have used the verb translated as “understand“ accurately. In any event we know that “to understand” is different from knowledge that signifies our recognition of the facts of the matter, although it includes that recognition, but to understand the Word sown means something deeper. Monsignor Knox and the Douay-Rheims and the Authorized Version translate “understand” as “understanding of the heart,” and RSV in another place as “hear and grasp.”
The translators are telling us something important. The word “heart” does not appear in either the Greek or Latin. The Greek for “grasp” is also missing from the text. Jesus is explaining that those who failed to enter the Kingdom, although they heard did not take the Word into their hearts. But there were those who both heard and understood, who located Christ and His Gospel at the center of their lives, those who have grasped Jesus and His message, who make His person and His words the very principle of their thoughts and actions, bearing fruit for the Kingdom of the New Heart over which Christ now reigns as king.
Jesus offers an explanation of the failure of those who hear but do not understand. Christians are not permitted to say that Satan caused them to sin (James 1:13), but it is evident from Scripture that he never stops trying, and that with the cooperation of the human will, he may have his successes. From the moment of the Incarnation, Satan has roamed the earth seeking to destroy the faith of the children of the Woman Clothed with the Sun (Revelation 12:17). His principle method is obfuscation and studied neglect. It is he who sows weeds among the wheat that grows in the Church. And the weeds will continue to grow because Jesus warns the zealous disciples that if they try to clear the field of weeds, in rooting up the weeds the wheat may be damaged. And this means that the Kingdom in its historical manifestation as the Church will always be a mixed community consisting of some who have taken the Gospel to heart and some who hear but do not understand. It is a mercy that only Christ knows who has understood with the heart and who has not; this will not be revealed until He comes again, until the book of life is opened at the end of the age.
Meanwhile understanding the Good News planted in the human heart prompts many actions: belief, obedience, and above all love, love for God and love for our neighbors, for those we come upon as we walk the path that is our life. Each of these has its own necessity. Belief involves belief in the merciful acts of Jesus by which He bought our freedom with His death and resurrection. But it involves more; each sentence in the Creed invites our belief, and we dare not prefer belief in one of Jesus’ actions to another. For belief to be effective it must be what is called theological faith, belief that is ours not because we consider it suitable or even because we are grateful for it, but belief because the truths of our religion are expressions of the authority of God. In an analogous way heart-understanding expresses itself in obedience. Very often the yoke is easy and the burden light, but the day will come when conscience makes a claim that desire can follow only with difficulty and humility. It is the evangelist John who reminds the ages that the sure sign of our love for Christ is our obedience to His commandments, of which the first is love of our brothers and sisters. And as for love, it is the supernatural empowering gift that enables belief and obedience.
What the Word in our hearts promotes may seem simple, but it is in reality deep. Jesus commands us to love God with all our hearts, all our souls, and all our minds (Matthew 22:37). And perfecting the Word understood in a life lived is made difficult by the fact that God is not unopposed in this world. As Matthew 13:24–30 tells us, there is an enemy roaming the earth, seeking endlessly with demonic energy to snatch the Word from every life, sowing doubt, ever proclaiming the glory and the satisfactions of “the lust of the flesh, the lust of the eyes, and pride of life.” In our present century Satan has an easy sell, for he moves among a people, perhaps even Christian people, who have never taken Christ and His words into their hearts, who do not understand and who do not know that they do not understand.
Therefore to our duty to believe, to obey, and to love, there is added one more, the duty to witness. You, said Jesus, are my witnesses to the ends of the earth. Laying aside not the grace of conversational engagement but the fear of intruding upon others and the pusillanimity that cannot bear a challenge, refusing the stance that considers religion too private to have any place in the public square, the time has come to accept the scandal of the Gospel, that no one comes to the Father except through His Son Jesus, that men are appointed once to die and after that comes judgement, that God’s judgement is the ultimate source of meaning, that this same judgement rewards those who long to see the face of God and allows those who have not and will not understand the consequences of their neglect.
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Difference between revisions of "Free structure"
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[[Category:Theoretical foundations]]
=== Introduction ===
This article attempts to give a relatively informal understanding of "free" structures from algebra/category theory, with pointers to some of the formal material for those who desire it. The later sections make use of some notions from [[category theory]], so some familiarity with its basics will be useful.
=== Algebra ===
==== What sort of structures are we talking about? ====
The distinction between free structures and other, non-free structures, originates in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_algebra abstract algebra], so that provides a good place to start. Some common structures considered in algebra are:
* '''[[Monoid]]s'''
** consisting of
*** A set <math>M</math>
*** An identity <math>e \in M</math>
*** A binary operation <math>* : M \times M \to M</math>
** And satisfying the equations
*** <math> x * (y * z) = (x * y) * z </math>
*** <math> e * x = x = x * e </math>
* '''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_(mathematics) Groups]'''
** consisting of
*** A monoid <math>(M, e, *)</math>
*** An additional unary operation <math>\,^{-1} : M \to M</math>
** satisfying
*** <math> x * x^{-1} = e = x^{-1} * x</math>
* '''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_(mathematics) Rings]'''
** consisting of
*** A set <math>R</math>
*** A unary operation <math>- : R \to R</math>
*** Two binary operations <math> +, * : R \times R \to R</math>
*** Distinguished elements <math>0, 1 \in R</math>
** such that
*** <math>(R, 0, +, -)</math> is a group
*** <math>(R, 1, *)</math> is a monoid
*** <math> x + y = y + x </math>
*** <math> (x + y)*z = x*z + y*z </math>
*** <math> x * (y + z) = x*y + x*z </math>
==== Free algebraic structures ====
Now, given such a description, we can talk about the free structure over a particular set <math>S</math> (or, possibly over some other underlying structure; but we'll stick with sets now). What this means is that given <math>S</math>, we want to find some set <math>M</math>, together with appropriate operations to make <math>M</math> the structure in question, along with the following two criteria:
* There is an embedding <math>i : S \to M</math>
* The structure generated is as 'simple' as possible.
** <math>M</math> should contain only elements that are required to exist by <math>i</math> and the operations of the structure.
So, in the case of a free monoid (from here on out, we'll assume that the structure in question is a monoid, since it's simplest), the equation <math>x * y = y * x</math> should not hold unless <math>x = y</math>, <math>x = e</math> or <math>y = e</math>. Further <math>i x \in M</math>, for all <math>x</math>, and <math>e \in M</math>, and <math>\forall x, y \in M.\,\, x * y \in M</math> (and these should all be distinct, except as required by the monoid laws), but there should be no 'extra' elements of <math>M</math> in addition to those.
M = [S]
e = []
* = (++)
i : S -> [S]
-- etc.
=== The category connection ===
==== Free structure functors ====
One possible objection to the above description (even a more formal version thereof) is that the characterization of "simple" is somewhat vague. [[Category theory]] gives a somewhat better solution. Generally, structures-over-a-set will form a category, with arrows being structure-preserving homomorphisms. "Simplest" (in the sense we want) structures in that category will then either be [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initial_and_terminal_objects initial or terminal], [1] and thus, freeness can be defined in terms of such universal constructions.
In its [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_object full categorical generality], freeness isn't necessarily categorized by underlying set structure, either. Instead, one looks at "forgetful" functors [2] from the category of structures to some other category. For our free monoids above, it'd be:
* <math>U : Mon \to Set</math>
The functor taking monoids <math>(M, e, *)</math> to their underlying set <math>M</math>. Then, the relevant universal property is given by finding an [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjunction adjoint functor]:
* <math>F : Set \to Mon</math>, <math> F</math> ⊣ <math>U </math>
==== Algebraic constructions in a category ====
Category theory also provides a way to extend specifications of algebraic structures to more general categories, which can allow us to extend the above informal understanding to new contexts. For instance, one can talk about monoid objects in an arbitrary [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoidal_category monoidal category]. Such categories have a tensor product <math>\otimes</math> of objects, with a unit object <math>I</math> (both of which satisfy various laws).
A monoid object in a monoidal category is then:
* An object <math>M</math>
* A unit 'element' <math>e : I \to M</math>
* A multiplication <math>m : M \otimes M \to M</math>
such that:
* <math>m \circ (id_{M} \otimes e) = u_l</math>
* <math>m \circ (e \otimes id_M) = u_r</math>
* <math> m \circ (id_M \otimes m) = m \circ (m \otimes id_M) \circ \alpha</math>
* <math>u_l : M \otimes I \to M</math> and <math>u_r : I \otimes M \to M</math> are the identity isomorphisms for the monoidal category, and
* <math> \alpha : M \otimes (M \otimes M) \to (M \otimes M) \otimes M </math> is part of the associativity isomorphism of the category.
==== Monads ====
One example of a class of monoid objects happens to be [[monad (sans metaphors)|monads]]. Given a base category <math>C</math>, we have the monoidal category <math>C^C</math>:
* Objects are endofunctors <math>F : C \to C</math>
* Morphisms are [[Category theory/Natural transformation|natural transformations]] [3] between the functors
* The tensor product is composition: <math>F \otimes G = F \circ G</math>
* The identity object is the identity functor, <math>I</math>, taking objects and morphisms to themselves
* An endofunctor <math>M : C \to C</math>
* A natural transformation <math>\eta : I \to M</math>
* A natural transformation <math>\mu : M \circ M \to M</math>
==== Free Monads ====
But, what about our intuitive understanding of free monoids above? We wanted to promote an underlying set, but we have switched from sets to functors. So, presumably, a free monad is generated by an underlying (endo)functor, <math>F : C \to C</math>. We then expect there to be a natural transformation <math>i : F \to M</math>, 'injecting' the functor into the monad.
instance Functor f => Monad (Free f) where
return a = Return a
Return a >>= f = f a
-- join (Return fa) = fa
inj fa = Roll $ fmap Return fa
This should bear some resemblance to free monoids over lists. <code>Return</code> is analogous to <code>[]</code>, and <code>Roll</code> is analogous to <code>(:)</code>. Lists let us create arbitrary length strings of elements from some set, while <code>Free f</code> lets us create structures involving <code>f</code> composed with itself an arbitrary number of times (recall, functor composition was the tensor product of our category). <code>Return</code> gives our type a way to handle the 0-ary composition of <code>f</code> (as <code>[]</code> is the 0-length string), while <code>Roll</code> is the way to extend the nesting level by one (just as <code>(:)</code> lets us create (n+1)-length strings out of n-length ones). Finally, both injections are built in a similar way:
inj_list x = (:) x []
inj_free fx = Roll (fmap Return fx)
=== Further reading ===
For those looking for an introduction to the necessary category theory used above, Steve Awodey's [http://www.math.uchicago.edu/~may/VIGRE/VIGRE2009/Awodey.pdf Category Theory] is a popular, freely available reference.
=== Notes ===
==== Universal constructions ====
data T = C1 A B C | C2 D E T
we consider the following:
* A functor <math>F : Hask \to Hask</math>, <math>F X = A \times B \times C + D \times E \times X</math>
* F-algebras which are:
** An object <math>A \in Hask</math>
** An action <math>a : FA \to A</math>
* Algebra homomorphisms <math>(A, a) \to (B, b)</math>
** These are given by <math>h : A \to B</math> such that <math> b \circ Fh = h \circ a</math>
The datatype <code>T</code> is then given by an initial F-algebra. This works out nicely because the unique algebra homomorphism whose existence is guaranteed by initiality is the [[fold]] or 'catamorphism' for the datatype.
Intuitively, though, the fact that <code>T</code> is an F-algebra means that it is in some sense closed under forming terms of shape F---suppose we took the simpler signature <code>FX = 1 + X</code> of the natural numbers; then both Z = inl () and Sx = inr x can be incorporated into Nat. However, there are potentially many algebras; for instance, the naturals modulo some finite number, and successor modulo that number are an algebra for the natural signature.
However, initiality constrains what Nat can be. Consider, for instance, the above modular sets 2 and 3. There can be no homomorphism <math>h : 2 \to 3</math>:
* <math>h0=0 \,\, ;\, h1=0</math>
** <math>S(h1) = S0 = 1\,</math> but <math>h(S1) = h0 = 0 \neq 1</math>
* <math> h0=0 \,\,;\, h1=1</math>
** <math>S(h1) = S1 = 2\,</math> but <math>h(S1) = h0 = 0 \neq 2</math>
* <math> h0=0 \,\,;\, h1=2</math>
** <math>S(h0) = S0 = 1\,</math> but <math>h(S0) = h1 = 2 \neq 2</math>
* <math> h0 \neq 0 </math>
** <math> 0 = Z \neq hZ = h0</math>
This is caused by these algebras identifying elements in incompatible ways (2 makes SSZ = Z, but 3 doesn't, and 3 makes SSSZ = Z, but 2 doesn't). So, the values of an initial algebra must be compatible with any such identification scheme, and this is accomplished by identifying ''none'' of the terms in the initial algebra (so that h is free to send each term to an appropriate value in the target, according to the identifications there). A similar phenomenon occurs in the main section of this article, except that the structures in question have additional equational laws that terms must satisfy, so the initial structure ''is'' allowed to identify those, ''but no more'' than those.
==== Forgetful functors ====
* <math>U : Str \to Set</math>, where <math>Str</math> is any category of algebraic structures, and U simply forgets about all of the n-ary operations and equational laws, and takes structures to their underlying sets, and homomorphisms to functions over those sets.
* <math>U : Grp \to Mon</math>, which takes a group and forgets about the inverse operation to give a monoid. This functor would then be related to "free groups over a monoid".
==== Natural transformations ====
trans :: forall a. F a -> G a
Revision as of 14:19, 6 February 2021
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A nearly full supermoon full moon rises over Washington D.C. in this photo by NASA photographer Joel Kowsky captured on Nov. 13, 2016. On Nov. 14, the moon is at its closest to Earth until 2034.
A nearly full supermoon full moon rises over Washington D.C. in this photo by NASA photographer Joel Kowsky captured on Nov. 13, 2016. On Nov. 14, the moon is at its closest to Earth until 2034. (Image credit: NASA/Joel Kowsky)
The November "supermoon" is extra close to Earth today (Nov. 14), providing an extraordinary sight for skywatchers — but exactly what makes this month's full moon so special?
November's supermoon —a term used to describe a full moon is at its perigee, or closest point to Earth during the lunar orbit — will be the biggest and brightest supermoon to rise in almost 69 years. In fact, the full moon won't come this close to Earth again until Nov. 25, 2034.
To help explain the science behind supermoons, and what makes the November supermoon particularly special, spoke with NASA's Noah Petro, deputy scientist of the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter mission. [Supermoon November 2016: When, Where & How to See It
The nearly full supermoon Beaver Moon rises over the Syr Darya river near the Baikonur Cosmodrome spaceport in Kazakhstan on Nov. 13, 2016 in this view by NASA photographer Bill Ingalls. (Image credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls)
Changing Tides
By definition, a supermoon "is the one closest full moon of the year," Petro told The distance between the moon and the Earth changes because the moon does not orbit in a perfect circle.
"The main reason why the orbit of the moon is not a perfect circle is that there are a lot of tidal, or gravitational, forces that are pulling on the moon," Petro explained, adding that the gravity of the Earth, sun and planets of our solar system all impact the orbit of the moon. "You have all of these different gravitational forces pulling and pushing on the moon, which gives us opportunities to have these close passes."
A comparison of the Moon at perigee (its closest to Earth, at left) and at apogee (its farthest from us). The change in distance makes the full Moon look 14% larger at perigee than at apogee. and nearly 30% brighter. (Image credit: Sky and Telescope, Laurent Laveder)
What's more, the surface of Earth is about 70 percent ocean, which not only affects the moon's orbital pattern, but in turn creates tidal variations on Earth. This year, slightly higher tides are expected in relation to the Nov. 14 supermoon, although this is nothing unusual for close full moon approaches, Petro said.
"One of the interesting things about the moon is that it's not only pulling on the Earth's oceans, it’s actually pulling on the Earth's crust," Petro said. "The Earth's crust — the land beneath our feet — actually deforms and responds to the moon" in a very subtle way.
Supersized Moon
On average, the moon orbits approximately 238,855 miles (384,400 km) from Earth. When a full moon is at perigee, it orbits slightly closer, making it appear up to 14 percent bigger and 30 percent brighter in the sky. [7 Surprising Secrets About the Supermoon]
"We're not talking about dramatic shifts in distance, but were talking about subtle differences that are noticeable if you're used to looking at the moon," Petro said.
Tonight's supermoon will be approximately 221,524 miles (356,508 kilometers) from Earth. While this is the closest full moon to rise since Jan. 26, 1948, it is not the closest full moon approach on record.
In January of 1912, the full moon was "just under 100 kilometers closer than the full moon" tonight and the supermoon of November 2034 will be even closer, Petro said.
Rare Sight
The November supermoon reaches perigee this morning (Nov. 14) at 8:52 a.m. EST (1352 GMT). When the moon is this close to Earth, distinctive lunar surface features such as impact craters can be seen with the naked eye.
"I've been telling people to go out at night on either Sunday or Monday night to see the supermoon," Petro said in a statement from NASA. "The difference in distance from one night to the next will be very subtle, so if it's cloudy on Sunday, go out on Monday. Any time after sunset should be fine. Since the moon is full, it'll rise at nearly the same time as sunset, so I'd suggest that you head outside after sunset, or once it’s dark and the moon is a bit higher in the sky. You don’t have to stay up all night to see it, unless you really want to!”
Editor's note: If you snap an awesome photo of the moon that you'd like to share with and our news partners for a potential story or gallery, send images and comments to managing editor Tariq Malik at
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Traveler help
Climate – Switzerland
The weather in Switzerland It varies depending on the location. The areas east and north of the Alps have a cool and dry climate, with average temperatures of 9 ° C, and with frosts in winter. South of the Alps the weather , normally warm and humid. Frost is almost unknown. In the Alps and in the highlands of Swears, the weather is cold and snowy, with frequent frosts above 1830 meters.
Swiss countryside
From July to August, time of summer the temperature is between 18 to 28 ° C. During the winter This is between -2 to 7 ° C. In spring Y autumn, the temperature of the day varies between 8 to 15 ° C.
The west of the country has the highest rainfall, being the city of Montreux the one that concentrates the greatest amount of rains with 260 mm per year. This due to the clouds that come from the Atlantic coast. The south also has heavy rainfall. For example, the city of Lugano receives about 175 mm per year. Both cases occur because clouds are blocked by Alps. Therefore, being protected by the mountain range, the north is much drier than the rest of the country.
Montreux in Switzerland
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"content": "{\n \"format\": 3,\n \"knowledge\": 2,\n \"slop\": 1,\n \"justification\": \"The excerpt is readable with clear paragraphs but has minor punctuation issues. It conveys correct but surface‑level information about AI, cloud storage, and Alzheimer research, lacking depth. There is no SEO stuffing or repetitive filler, so slop is low.\"\n}"
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Li-San Wang Quoted in CBS Article
“Can the machine invasion help save your brain?” CBS explores this question in an October 27 article about the development of technology as it relates to advances in Alzheimer’s disease. While the amount of genetic data available has increased in recent years, the speed at which it gets sifted through also needs to increase in order to effectively pinpoint detection and risk factors for the disease. The need for machine learning and artificial intelligence is huge, as they can more easily detect patterns across the human genome.
Cloud storage systems have been particularly helpful in this regard, the article notes. Li-San Wang, Principal Investigator for NIAGADS at UPenn, says, “We’re talking about moving hundreds of terabytes of data that would require lots of really big hard drives to hold. Instead of having copies in a lot of different places, you can go to the cloud and run the analysis. That’s where the power comes in, how you integrate all this information.” The article stresses the importance of continued caution when it comes to machine learning and artificial intelligence, but it will be exciting to see where the field will go with the continued use of this technology.
The original CBS article can be found here:
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"role": "assistant",
"content": "{\n \"format\": 1,\n \"knowledge\": 2,\n \"slop\": 4,\n \"justification\": \"The text is a disjointed list with poor paragraph flow and punctuation, giving it a very low format score. It provides some correct etymological points but overall lacks depth and specificity, resulting in a modest knowledge rating. The content is filled with redundant bullet-like entries, generic filler, and SEO-style phrasing, making the slop score high.\"\n}"
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condicio etymology
Latin word condicio comes from Latin dico, Latin con-
Detailed word origin of condicio
Dictionary entryLanguageDefinition
con- Latin (lat) Used in compounds to indicate a being or bringing together of several objects. Used in compounds to indicate the completeness, perfecting of any act, and thus gives intensity to the signification of the simple word.
condico Latin (lat) (legal) I give notice that something should be returned, demand back.. I proclaim, announce, publish.. I talk something over together, agree to/upon, concert, promise; fix, appoint.
condicio Latin (lat) (metonymy) A paramour, lover.. (metonymy) A spouse, bride.. A condition, term, demand.. A love affair, amour.. A marriage, match.. A nature, mode, character, disposition, manner, condition.. An agreement, contract, covenant, stipulation, pact, proposition.. An external position, situation, rank, place, circumstances, condition.
Words with the same origin as condicio
Descendants of dico
dictator dictus dixit edicto
Descendants of con-
comes comitia commune communis competere coniunx constat constitutum consuetudo consul contentus continuo coram curia
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Electronic Hobbies- Non Contact Voltage By The Use Of Transistor
In this project, transistor are used as a main. The transistor CD 4060 considered as main in it. But it is believed by some people that it cannot be found easily. So today, the interesting cycle will be introduced because of its transistor quite cheap and also it has a in quite simple circuit.
How does it work?
In this method, we use amplifier using three transistor which are more popular to use in many circuit. They are very sensitive and also we use a wire which will act as a RF antenna in this.
As we know that when the AC line will be flowing in any wire that time the electromagnetic field will be spreaded out. Hence, we try to fix antenna near to anywhere so that it will be able to get the signal. It will be used to expand the force then it will be able to gain the frequency 50 Hz or 60 Hz. One important thing is that, it will also use a buzzer circuit to indicate the AC main frequency . There will also be a LED display flashing light.
How can we build?
This project can be assembled perforated board because it does not require setting because it does not have Potentiometer. You just need to prepare and get it done on the board then it will be new.
The prototype which will be assembled on that board-
Keep in mind , do not use antenna to touch AC line directly. Because it has the high voltage and the circuit can be damaged or it may be harmful for you as well.
Conclusion about non contact voltage by the use of transistor-:
This is the simple electronic hobby project in which more component are being used to make its function smooth. As we can see that, we need to be careful during the making of this project because it contains high voltage which can prove so harmful if you get in touch with it. That’s why we need to have caution whenever we will be working on this electronic project.
Fatal error: Class 'Get_links' not found in /var/www/chf43a106f/www/electro-hobby.com/wp-content/themes/corpo/comments.php on line 1
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What is the number 7 considered to be lucky in Britain?
Omens and SupersititionsBeliefs & CustomsCustoms and TraditionsGeneral Topics
This is a superstition which has been known to man since prehistoric times. It is very common and is followed throughout every corner of the globe. The number 7 is something which is woven into our history and throughout our illustrious past, we can find many instances of this number popping up.
The number 7 is so significant because in some form or another it is linked to our day to day lives. Read on to find why number 7 is one of the most beloved integers and why it is considered lucky.
Biblical Origins
The story starts from Bible and the Book of Revelation, in the first the number seven is mentioned more than 700 times and in the later, it is said more than 54 times. In the Book of Genesis, the word “Creation” is said exactly seven times.
And if we take the views of the Bible into account then The Lord created the world in 6 days which means that the 7th day was for him to rest; the seven day week has since been universally accepted. These are just a few of the references to the number 7 in our religious history, there are plenty more in many other civilizations.
Scientific Data
Coming to the parts that will really shock you, there are a total of seven colors in the visible spectrum, called VIBGYOR; this term was coined together in the 1600s. At a point of time, due to lack of good telescopes, the known number of planets in the solar system was 7.
Also, in the year 2007, on 7th July, which is on 07/07/2007, the new list of Seven Wonders of the World was released. All these things are based on the superstition that the number 7 is lucky, and it all started with the religious texts.
Published on 01-Mar-2019 07:00:06
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Good books for science
Science refers to a study that focuses on nature, the things that makes it up, science studies the relationship between man and his natural surroundings. The topic of science is a dominant one, especially since much has been achieved using its principles. Humans have developed countless things like airplanes, electricity to mention a few. There are millions of science students globally pushing to obtain degrees in this area, to help them contribute to their homes. To be good in this area, the importance of reading cannot be overemphasized. Reading provides accurate knowledge on scientific subjects; it will ensure you remain current with the ongoing trends in the scientific world. It may be too much entering the library to see many books on science, you might struggle with deciding on where to start.
These are some books on science
These are some books on science that have maintained their integrity since published. They cover many important topics in science that will be beneficial to the reader. You can start with Feynman lectures on Physics, which is a great choice if you’re interested in focusing on physics as a course, you must consider reading this book. It’s a compilation of different lectures from a good physicist, in book form. Another relevant scientific book is ‘Cosmos’, it focuses on the changes that occurred in science as lifestyle gradually changed. Mankind is moving from an age of rural living, to rapid growth, making civil societies, which is easily followed by changes in science. Cosmos takes record of such changes; the book was so good that a TV Series was coined out of it.
Good books for science
The study of man’s natural environment also proceeds to space. The regions outside the planet are another integral area which science has tried to explain with much clarity. One book that highlights this area properly is ‘Pale blue dot’. The science fiction imagines how life outside the planet will be for mankind, if ever there to go there. There is a strong mixture of philosophy in the writings of Pale Blue Dot. Some other books which attempted to explain thinking for mankind, in a manner that should be critical is ‘the demon-haunted world’. It is available in stores, both online and onsite, reading it will open up a new understanding about reasoning critically.
You should also check out ‘a short history of nearly everything’, a popular write-up, especially if you’re new to science. If you desire to have a brush-through in science, with breakdown of complex scientific facts into simpler ones, this book is perfect for you. It’s difficult to discuss science without mentioning evolution that is why a book on evolution will add value to your reading collection. A good book is ‘the greatest show on earth’, it explains how evolution came about, and supporting with valuable evidence to prove that evolution did happen.
The field of science is interesting, especially if you have the required knowledge to understand it. A good way of acquiring this is by studying some books that will open up complex situations, and make them simple for you. There are yet more books to add to these.
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}
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prontron - PRONunciation percepTRON
by Graham Neubig
prontron is a tool for pronunciation estimation, mainly focusing on the pronunciation of Japanese unknown words, but written in a general way so it can be used for any string-to-string conversion task. I created it as a quick challenge to see if I could apply discriminative learning (the structured perceptron) to Japanese pronunciation estimation, but I am posting it in case anybody will find it useful.
--- Download/Install ---
Download the latest version from
The code of prontron is distributed according to the Common Public License v 1.0, and can be distributed freely according to this license.
--- Estimating Pronunciations with prontron ---
To estimate the pronunciation of words with prontron, you can use the models included in the model directory. If you have a file input.txt with one word per line, run the program as follows:
$ model/model.dict model/model.feat < input.txt > output.txt
This will output pronunciations, one per line, into output.txt.
--- Training prontron ---
Prontron training is a two step process. First, you have to build a dictionary of "subword/pronunciation" pairs, then run weight training.
First, create two files train.word and train.pron that contain words and their pronunciations. Then run the alignment program to create a dictionary model/model.dict of subword/pronunciation pairs:
$ train.word train.pron model/model.dict
You can add more entries to the dictionary if you notice that anything important is missing. Next, we train the feature weights model/model.feat using the perceptron algorithm.
$ train.word train.pron model/model.dict model/model.feat
That is it! Both of these programs have a number of training options (mins and maxes should be the same for
-fmin minimum length of the input unit (1)
-fmax maximum length of the input unit (1)
-emin minimum length of the output unit (0)
-emax maximum length of the output unit (5)
-iters maximum number of iterations (10)
-word use word units instead of characters only:
-cut all pairs that have a maximum posterior probability
less than this will be trimmed (0.001) only:
-inarow skip training examples we've gotten right
this many times
-recheck re-check skipped examples in this many times
--- How Does it Work? ---
Prontron uses discriminative training based on the structured perceptron. This is good, because it lets the training many arbitrary features. The basic idea of the structured perceptron algorithm is:
* Given a set of feature weights h, for a certain word w find the highest scoring pronunciation p, and its set of features f(p).
* If p is not equal to the correct pronunciation p*, reduce the weights for features f(p) and increase weights of features of f(p*).
* Repeat this for every word in the corpus many times until we find good weights.
In the case of pronunciation estimation, it is not too difficult to find p, f(p), and f(p*) using the Viterbi algorithm. For the current features in prontron, we use bigram and length features over four sequences:
Word: 発音 発表
Pronunciation: はつおん はっぴょう
Seq1 -- Char/Pron. Pairs: 発/はつ 音/おん 発/はっ 表/ぴょう
Seq2 -- Pron. Strings: はつ おん はっ ぴょう
Seq3 -- Pron. Characters: は つ お ん は っ ぴ ょ う
Seq4 -- (Almost) Phonemes: h a t u o n h a x p i xyo u
Examples of the features learned over each of these sequences are as follows:
--- Contributors ---
* Graham Neubig (main developer)
If you are interested in participating in the prontron project, particularly tackling any of the interesting challenges below, please send an email to neubig at gmail dot com.
--- TODO List ---
There are a bunch of possible improvements that would be quite interesting and useful:
* Regularization: Currently the perceptron is unregularized, but adding L1 or L2 regularization could reduce the number of features and increase performance.
* N-best Decoding: Currently prontron can only give one-best answers.
* Large-Margin Traning: Large-margin techniques such as support vector machines can be learned online. They are simple to implement, but require at least 2-best decoding.
* Other Loss Functions: Prontron currently only supports one-zero loss (examples are right, or not), but it would probably be better to do loss based on mora error rate. This is not, however, trivial to do.
--- Revision History ---
Version 0.1.0 (7/10/2011)
* Initial release!
A discriminative pronunciation estimator using the structured perceptron algorithm.
No releases published
No packages published
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Midgut bacteria required for Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal activity. Broderick, N., a., Raffa, K., F., & Handelsman, J. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 103(41):15196-9, 10, 2006.
Midgut bacteria required for Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal activity. [pdf]Paper abstract bibtex
Bacillus thuringiensis is the most widely applied biological insecticide and is used to manage insects that affect forestry and agriculture and transmit human and animal pathogens. This ubiquitous spore-forming bacterium kills insect larvae largely through the action of insecticidal crystal proteins and is commonly deployed as a direct bacterial spray. Moreover, plants engineered with the cry genes encoding the B. thuringiensis crystal proteins are the most widely cultivated transgenic crops. For decades, the mechanism of insect killing has been assumed to be toxin-mediated lysis of the gut epithelial cells, which leads to starvation, or B. thuringiensis septicemia. Here, we report that B. thuringiensis does not kill larvae of the gypsy moth in the absence of indigenous midgut bacteria. Elimination of the gut microbial community by oral administration of antibiotics abolished B. thuringiensis insecticidal activity, and reestablishment of an Enterobacter sp. that normally resides in the midgut microbial community restored B. thuringiensis-mediated killing. Escherichia coli engineered to produce the B. thuringiensis insecticidal toxin killed gypsy moth larvae irrespective of the presence of other bacteria in the midgut. However, when the engineered E. coli was heat-killed and then fed to the larvae, the larvae did not die in the absence of the indigenous midgut bacteria. E. coli and the Enterobacter sp. achieved high populations in hemolymph, in contrast to B. thuringiensis, which appeared to die in hemolymph. Our results demonstrate that B. thuringiensis-induced mortality depends on enteric bacteria.
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How to Eat Healthy as a Family from expert Sarah Koszyk, MA, RD
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SuperKids Nutrition had the opportunity to chat with nutrition expert Sarah Koszyk, MA, RD. Sarah is a pediatric specialist and creator of “A Family’s Colorful Weight Management Program” at MV Nutrition in San Francisco, California. The program emphasizes a sustainable lifestyle approach rather than a diet towards healthy living. Read below for Sarah’s tips on how to get kids to eat more fruits and vegetables, how to fit healthy eating in a busy schedule and why it is so important to get the entire family involved.
Parents who are overweight often have overweight children, how do you help make eating right a family affair in an effort to pass down healthy habits from generation to generation?
Many children who are referred to me for overweight/obesity, have parents who are also struggling with their own weight and eating patterns. First of all, I work with the entire family to learn and develop healthy habits in their eating behaviors. I usually start off by learning about the child’s eating patterns, and then I learn about the adult’s eating patterns. Once I identify where the struggles exist for both, we then work together to adjust the habits that are inhibiting them from reaching their goals. I also remind parents just how much of a role model they are to their kids. Parents love to be reminded that they are important and it encourages them to make simple changes to assist their children. By focusing on the basics, such as eating breakfast, having healthy snacks available, and consistent meal times and frequency, everyone can enjoy the experience of eating while learning core principles for optimal health.
Why is it so important that the entire family get involved in eating healthfully together?
Families are a team, and relationships are meant to be supportive units: people helping one another out. This idea of relationships and teamwork is between adults, between children and adults, as well as between siblings. By working together and helping each other out, it keeps the concept of family alive. The more involved both parents and kids are in the food arena, the more ease and acceptance the family will have when it comes time to eat. When children participate in any aspect of meal preparation, like washing produce, tossing a salad, chopping vegetables (if age appropriate), or even mixing a dressing, they get excited and are more likely to eat their creation or at least try it, which can encourage a happier, more well-balanced, veggie-filled meal. Also, the family is working together which brings unity and quality time spent together.
What would you advise a family to do with a child who won’t eat their fruits and vegetables?
I was teaching students Nutrition at an elementary school in Berkeley, CA, where the students had access to a garden, as well as weekly gardening classes. I attended one of those gardening classes and the students were making “wee-tos.” The students were wrapping arugula and frisee (a type of bitter lettuce) into a romaine lettuce leaf just like a burrito. What looked like a weed to me, the students were excitedly eating their “wee-tos.” This is a true example of how children, who get more involved, will try more food items. Even the green “Weeds!”
I recommend taking a child to a local farmers market where the children can walk around and even try the produce. Many farmers are elated to have a child try their product. When the child has the choice to pick up, touch, smell, and taste something, the child most likely will try a little. Also, take the child to the grocery store and while walking around the produce department, have them pick out 1 or 2 of their favorite fruits and vegetables. This way you give them a choice, the child is empowered, and you can prepare that fruit and vegetable with a little less fuss.
What kind of fitness activities do you encourage for your clients and practice yourself? How can busy moms and families fit fitness into a hectic schedule?
If only we had more time in the day! Hectic schedules do add up! I enjoy taking walks with my loved ones whether it is after dinner (weather and sun permitting), in a park, or just around the neighborhood. Walking can be a great, simple way to get some more activity in and it can also be a nice time to talk and share with one another. For busy families with hectic schedules, actually scheduling that walk into the calendar can prioritize it and make it happen: treat that fitness activity just like it’s an appointment! Prioritize it! If the weather is poor, people can now play in the house with Wii or other activities that both parents and kids can do together.
What’s the best advice that you can give to parents to encourage healthy eating habits for life?
For the parents: Start the day off right with a high fiber, high protein breakfast such as ¾ cup Nature’s Path cereal + ¾ cup blueberries + 2 Tbsp of ground flaxseed + 1 cup Fage Greek Yogurt (great source of protein). Make sure to have a protein/carbohydrate snack after school or mid-work day around 3-4 pm (for both parents and kids) to keep your energy up and running, such as 1 fruit + 1 light string cheese. Practice what you preach to your kids. By eating consistently throughout the day, you will stay fueled and energized. Then, through nutrition coaching, you can reduce your portion sizes at lunch and dinner to make your meals more even and consistent throughout the day.
Many people complain that they don’t have time to prepare healthy meals. What are 3 tips you can provide for fitting cooking into a busy schedule?
1. Plan your snacks for everyone at the beginning of the week on a Sunday (or Monday if out of town on the weekend). Put everyone’s snacks into individual containers for the entire week so that each morning, you just grab it and quickly divvy up the snacks. Now everyone has energy to stay fueled throughout the day. This is great time management, too, because you spend about 20 minutes once preparing the snacks and then you are done for the rest of the week.
2. On busy days where one knows the day will end in pure exhaustion, have a simple go-to dinner on hand. For example, boil pasta, open a jar of pasta sauce, throw in some pre-made frozen turkey meatballs, and steam some broccoli. You now have a complete meal that is easy to prepare in 10 minutes OR use another quick, go-to dinner that you know how to prepare without thinking about it such as a stir-fry with frozen veggies, chicken and easy-to-make brown rice that can be made in about 3 minutes. Add some soy sauce and boom, you have your quick meal. When it comes down to it, having a plan can help with healthy meal preparation even when there is NO time. So plan, plan, plan in advance to have your go-to meal available. What’s your simple dish that you love to prepare?
3. Make 1 big dish a week to have leftovers with. This dish can either be a stew or casserole or crockpot recipe. I also enjoy making healthy versions of enchiladas or lasagnas. By cooking on a day that’s easier such as a Sunday, you can have leftovers for dinner on a Tuesday or Wednesday.
What is your secret for managing your weight and staying in shape?
My secret: Prioritizing myself and my family’s health. I grocery shop weekly (often times twice a week). I pre-plan what we’re going to eat Monday through Wednesday so that I have an idea of what to make for dinner. Thursday is usually our leftover night. I also prep everyone’s lunches the night before so that in the morning, I just have to grab and go for all. By making most of our meals from home, I save money and I’m able to keep my portions in my control, which is helpful to my waistline. I also schedule my workouts as appointments in my calendar so that they happen and I get the “job” done.
What is your favorite go-to healthy meal?
My favorite go-to healthy meal is Burrito Bonanza. We grab a high fiber, low carb tortilla, put some Jarlsberg lite cheese in there with some grilled onions, green peppers, jalapenos, and chicken breast (I put in spices such as cumin, chili powder, garlic powder, cayenne, and red chili peppers when I grill the onions, peppers, and chicken), add some salsa, canned black beans, and chopped romaine lettuce and roll it up! It’s fun, fast, and each person can make his/her own burrito to his particular liking. You’ve got vegetables, carbohydrates, and protein all in one! Bon appétit!
As a dedicated, spirited, and compassionate registered dietitian, Sarah Koszyk, focuses on empowering people to make positive lifestyle changes. Her expertise in nutrition and food science, behavior modification, motivational interviewing, and cognitive therapy virtually assures her client’s success. Sarah originally became part of the MV Nutrition Team in 2005 and has since excelled in achieving healthy benefits for all of her clients.
Sarah designed A Family’s Colorful Weight Management Program at MV Nutrition, which emphasizes a sustainable lifestyle approach rather than a diet towards healthy living. A Family’s Colorful Weight Management Program is broken down for all age groups with educational materials for both parents and kids. The program is taught in either a group setting or an individual one-on-one setting, and is provided in either Spanish or English. Age-appropriate tools have been developed to maximize learning and interaction at every level. Whether the visits are group or individual, we stress the importance of teaching our children proper portion sizes, including a variety of colors in all meals and snacks, learning heart-healthy ingredients, and modifying our behaviors as the keys to success.
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As Canadians watch the racial divisiveness in the United States, we tend to think that we are more civilized in our behavior, that we are less racist. But are we? Our population is 37 million compared to US, which is 326 million; relative to our population compared to the US, our history and our society’s current racist attitudes is as bad (if not worse) as in the US.
Consider these historical racist episodes: the Japanese internment camps following the attack on Pearl Harbour, which brought the US into WWII. Everyone who was Japanese, even Canadian born Japanese, were rounded up and put in camps right here in Vancouver. Another racist incidence from history is when Canada turned away the SS. St. Lewis, a ship with Jewish refugees fleeing Nazi Germany. The ship was forced to go back to Germany, where many of those on board later died in concentration camps. More currently, hate crimes have risen against Muslims, from 90 reported crimes in 2013 to 150 in 2016-17. There is some speculation that is due to the rise of terrorist organizations such as ISIS, but attacking innocent Canadians of Muslim faith is just plain racist and ignorant. This ignorance was recently demonstrated when a woman verbally attacked Jagmeet Singh (who is now the leader of the NDP) at a political rally, accusing him of being a terrorist. And, an even more horrible example was the Quebec Mosque shooting on January 29, 2017 when six people were killed and another 20 were injured. “It was a murderous attack on a specific group,” said the Premier of Quebec, Phillipe Couillard. Canada also has a strained relationship based on racism with its indigenous population. On October 6, Ottawa announced that the government will pay up to 750 million to the victims of the “60’s scoop” when indigenous children were taken from their homes and forced into non-indigenous households between the 1960’s and 80’s.
Yes, the United States has some well publicized terrible events as well. The Charlottesville riots and the tensions between African Americans and the police in certain states are examples. However, considering their massively larger population, Canada is relatively just as bad. And what makes this all worse, is that we like to think we are better. We can’t deny the fact that we as Canadians have some work to do before we claim we are a more civilized society.
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Solar Wind Around Pluto (SWAP)
Instrument Summary
The New Horizons mission made the first up-close and detailed observations of Pluto and its moons. These observations include measurements of the solar wind interaction with Pluto. The Solar Wind Around Pluto (SWAP) instrument is designed to measure the tenuous solar wind at large distances from the Sun and its interaction with Pluto, as well as making unprecedented measurements of interstellar pickup ions. SWAP directly addresses the Group 1 science objective for the New Horizons mission to “characterize the neutral atmosphere of Pluto and its escape rate”. In addition, SWAP makes measurements critical for the Group 2 objective of characterizing Pluto’s ionosphere and solar wind interaction. Finally, SWAP makes observations relevant to two Group 3 science objectives for New Horizons, both in support of characterizing the energetic particle environment of Pluto and Charon and in searching for magnetic fields of Pluto and Charon.
The SWAP instrument was designed to measure the solar wind and pickup ions out at ∼33 au, as the New Horizons spacecraft repeatedly rotated to point its various cameras during the flyby of Pluto and Charon. Because of the great distance and large range of viewing directions, SWAP was designed to have an extremely high sensitivity and a very large field-of-view. These attributes allowed SWAP to make fundamental measurements of the Jovian magnetosphere and magnetotail, and Pluto’s interaction with the solar wind. SWAP continues to make observations of the solar wind and interstellar pickup ions out to at least ~41 au.
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1. Forum
2. >
3. Topic: Dutch
4. >
5. "Er zijn veel sterrenstelsels…
"Er zijn veel sterrenstelsels in het universum."
Translation:There are many galaxies in the universe.
December 23, 2014
Does Sterrenstelsel literally translate to "star system"?
Yes, sterren is stars and stelsel is system, is actually stars system, plural stars
Literally, yes, but the actual meaning is different: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_system
Just out of curiosity, does the word "universum" have a plural form?
Yes, either 'universa' or 'universums'.
How do you say "solar" as in "solar power" rather than as in Zonnestelsel?
Solar power would be "zonne-energie" or "zonnekracht".
is Sterrenstelsels not the same as "solar systems"?
No. In terms of astronomy, they are two different things (size being the biggest distinction between the two)
In terms of Dutch, they have two different words:
• Sterrenstelsel - Galaxy
• Zonnestelsel - Solar system
More specifically:
Zonnestelsel - Solar system = A star and things (e.g. planets, asteroids, etc) that orbit it.
Sterrenstelsel - Star system (A term Duo still refuses to acknowledge, despite the fact that it's more accurate and the LITERAL translation) = A group of stars (some of which may be part of solar systems) that orbit each other.
Galaxy - a star system containing a large number of stars, sometimes called a star cluster.
As far as I can tell, in Dutch, there isn't any disambiguation between "star system" and "galaxy"... I suspect this is because most scientific papers by Dutch people would be written in English.
For more see: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_System https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_system https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy
I believe the term 'star system' would introduce some additional connotations in English... you can have binary star systems for example.
Galaxy is more like the sum of all star systems orbiting a central core.
This is a problem for astronomers in English as well as Dutch. The issue arose because when the term "solar system" was invented, there was only one known, and that remained true for more than a century, although others were assumed to exist, and finally discovered in the 1990s. So there was little need to differentiate between "the Solar System" meaning the one around Sol, our sun, and "a solar system" orbiting another star. In English, too, a "star system" is ambiguous, and can mean a system of stars i.e. a galaxy, or a system of planets around a star i.e. a solar system. I don't know how usage in Dutch has settled, but it seems like Duo is trying to get us to use zonnestelsel for "solar system" even when the star in the middle is not de zon.
My Belgian girl said that stelsel means a lot of things. Can anyone enlighten me?
Well it's been a year, nobody answered, now i'm wondering. Maybe she can enlighten you?
why is it veel and not vele? the plural (de form) is normally the vele form
"vele" is more formal. You can use it, but "veel" is more common. See https://taaladvies.net/taal/advies/vraag/1339/
Is een Melkwegstelsel a translate for a galaxy or not.
Melkwegstelsel or Melkweg = Milky Way.
This is a galaxy, but not all galaxies are the Milky way.
Plural / de noun = "e" form of an adjective so why isn't vele accepted here?
Learn Dutch in just 5 minutes a day. For free.
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Serial + Java = The World (Mostly) -
Serial + Java = The World (Mostly)
Whether it's an optional add-on or a part of the original base,a large percentage of modem devices still make use of serialcommunications for their connectivity. Communicating with thesedevices in Java requires the use of a vendor supplied serialsupport to provide the basic byte-wise communications capability.As the connected devices get more intelligent, communications ceaseto be merely byte streams and become streams of multi-byte messagesor “packets” so code is needed to wade through the raw data streamand isolate the individual messages. Finally, a solution resilientto change has become imperative. As even newer devices are added, asolution that not only copes with change, but also gracefullyaccommodates it is necessary.
For example, a serial port is used to retrieve GlobalPositioning System (GPS) information using the National MarineElectronics Association (NMEA) format. The code has been developedand tested against a Trimble Lassen-SK8 device, which is a 12V unitwell suited for automobile applications.
Figure 1: Overall data flow
Working Through the Solution
As with most problems, the overall problem can be divided intosmaller elements and then solved individually. Defining the smallproblems is the first step in the process:
1. Read the bytes from the serial port
2. Extract and validate the messages
3. Provide access to data in the message
4. Define the listener interface
5. Retrieve the GPS location.
To simplify the issue, each of the above problems is assigned toa class, and then each class is implemented to solve itsproblem(s). For example, three Java classes and an Interface can bereserved (see Figure 1). The GpsTransport class will take care ofthe first two duties, the GpsMessage class will take care of thethird duty, the GpsTransportListener Interface will handle dutyfour, and the Gps class is the master object that will be thesubsequent application code's focal point.
Reading the Bytes from the Serial Port
A transport is responsible for sending and/or receivingmessages. In the case of the GpsTransport, the problem of sendingmessages can be overlooked, and the focus can be placed on how toprocess input messages from the GPS unit. Since the application andother activities should be executed while the user is waiting forinput from the InputStream, the GpsTransport must create andmaintain an internal thread that will continuously process it. Thecode for reading the serial port is contained in the methodGpsTransport.run0. This code begins executing on its own threadwhen the method shown below, GpsTransport.start0, is called.
Next the basics must be addressed. In this case, the basicsconsists of the fundamental serial communications capability. Here,the serial support that is part of the VisualAge Micro Editionproduct is employed, but any similar serial support package couldbe utilized (such as Sun Microsystems' javax, comm). TheGpsTransport makes use of subclasses of the abstract InputStreamclass to accomplish its work. The InputStream class defines asimple protocol to read information from various sources in astandard way. By using this protocol, developers can apply the samemethodology to talk to either serial or file I/O. SeveralInputStream subclasses exist, but the SerialPortlnputSteam is usedfor serial support and the Filelnputstream is used for file I/Osupport.
The SerialPortlnputstream will be used to read the bytes fromthe serial port. Since the serial I/O is implemented by using JavaNative Interface (JNI) to call the Operating System API's to readthe serial port, developers should be careful to minimize thesystem overhead. They do this by calling the read(byte[] buffer)method with a large buffer instead of calling the single read()method for each byte. This way minimizes the number of internalcalls made to read the entire buffer.
It's important to note that the above code contains a whole loopthat continues until isRunning0 returns false. The GpsTransportclass contains a complimentary GpsTransport. stop0 method sets therunning flag to false, which will cause the loop to exit. Thisallows the thread to be cleanly stopped when the transport has beenrequested to stop processing by another thread.
Extracting the Messages
The NMEA 0183 message format is astraightforward variable length packet of 79 bytes or less. Allbytes are in ASCII characters so the packets are directly readable.The messages have the general form ……..
$IDMSG, D1,D2,D3,D4……,Dn*CS[CR][LF]
Message start character
Two letter message source identifier
Three letter message identifier
Field delimiter
A data field element
The checksum delimiter
Two ASCII characters that indicate the hexadecimal checksumvalue
Message termination characters
The next activity in processing the inputbytes involves extracting a GPS message from the raw data. This isaccomplished by scanning the bytes read for the NMEA protocoldelimiters to find the boundaries of the particular message thatwas just received. The NMEA 0183 message format is explainedfurther in the sidebar.
Below is the code that ensures a message is complete, extractsthe bytes, and creates the GpsMessage instance for furtherprocessing by other objects:
Figure 2: Packetizing the input stream
After a message has been extracted, the message must bevalidated. The validation of a GPS message involves ensuring themessage follows the defined format, and the checksum is valid.Validation of the message insures the application does not receiveinvalid data. This responsibility is assigned to the message classitself. This code is contained in the GpsMessage. isValid() methodand is used as follows:
Anyone who has an interest in receiving valid messages and is alistener of the transport will now be notified. After notification,the processing continues looking for the next message. Thisprocessing continues forever until the transport is stopped via theGpsTranspOrt. stop() method discussed earlier.
By using only the InputStream protocol in the GpsTransport, anyInputStream can be supported as the source of the GPS data. This isvery important because during the testing of this code, theFilelnputStream can test by creating and using a file as our GPSsource. That way developers don't need real operational hardwarefor complete system testing. They can also use the FilelnputStreamto simulate data that may not be easy to create in the currenthardware configuration. This is handy for GPS devices as they don'toperate well inside buildings, so actual data can be “captured”, ornew data even invented—this is how GPS code can be testedagainst exotic tropical locations—and the code tested withthe simulated stream from a file.
Accessing the Data
GPS Fix Data : This message has 14 datafields of the following form.
Position UTC
GPS Quality
Number of satellites used
Horizontal dilution of precision
Antenna altitude in meters
Geoidal separation in meters
Age of differential GPS data
Differential reference station ID
The GpsMessage contains information about asingle GPS message received from the InputStream. The message willbe responsible for returning the various data fields containedwithin the message. The message also helps the transport determineif the message is valid by insuring the checksum is correct. Forexample, the GPS Fix Data message is the message that provideslatitude and longitude data. The message instance would be able toanswer any of these values for this message.
Defining the Listener Interface
The GpsTransportListener interface defines the messageReceivedmethod that will be called when a message is received by thetransport. A message is passed as a parameter on themessageReceived notification method so that the receiving objectthat is listening can interrogate the message for any desireddata.
That the GpsTransport does not care about the implementation ofthe GpsTransportListener is an important concept. Many classes mayimplement the GpsTransportListener to perform various functions.For example, a transport debug class could be created to print allmessages received to the System.out or a log file. In thissolution, the Gps class will implement the GpsTransportListener toget the latitude and longitude.
Getting the GPS Location
The Gps class implements the GpsTransportListener and registersits interest in receiving all valid messages that are received. TheGps class' messageReceived method uses the GpsMessage parameter toretrieve any desired data from the GPS messages it receives. Inthis example , it explicitly looks for the GPS Fix Data message andsaves the current latitude and longitude.
Creating a New Transport
To support a new hardware device, these steps should be followedto create and test a new transport:
1. Get all the documentation available about the device. Thisincludes the hardware information, the communication information(e.g. baud rate), and the message format information.
2. Get the device and run any vendor supplied test program toinsure the device is correctly connected to your machine.
3. Build new transport software by starting simple and iteratingcode until the desired function is complete. Since Java is highlyportable from one hardware platform to another, for convenience,most of the development and testing could be done on a developmentmachine (e.g., Windows NT) and later tested on the runtimemachine.
4. Perform the final testing on the target machine.
Further Design Considerations
At this point, developers should examine other aspects ofpossible application solutions. An important consideration is howdoes the application code interact with the Gps object. Oneimmediate solution is to have the Gps class provide its ownlistener interface to trigger when the GPS location has changed.That way the application code could register interest with the Gpsobject for the information it is interested in, and wouldsubsequently be notified at the appropriate time, when the datachanges.
The granularity of this solution could range anywhere from whenan individual data item has changed (such as the latitude) toindicating only that the Gps object has changed in some manner, andthe particulars would be determined by further interrogation of theGps object. The granularity of the listener / notification schemewould be tuned to a developer's particular applications informationneeds and performance considerations.
Another possibility is for the individual data items themselvesto have listener interfaces. That way the latitude and longitudevalues could be encapsulated in classes like GpsLatitude andGpsLongitude and could be interacted with directly, as opposed toalways going through the Gps object to get the information. Thiswould be a great way to connect up the individual elements of theGps information to their respective individual user interfacecomponents.
Finally, the grand unification scheme should be considered.Defining a measurement interface that any measurement from anydevice could support would allow applications to receive deviceinformation in a common way.
In fact, going even further, all devices could be supported viathree simple concepts:
1. A measurement is data sent to or received from a hardwaredevice
2. A command is an operation or set of operations performedagainst a hardware device
3. A signal is a notification received from a hardwaredevice.
That way, by having a common interface, application code wouldbe tremendously resilient to change. New devices, not conceived oforiginally, could be introduced to the already written applicationcode and would work fine, as long as they implemented the commoninterface. Some simple tests can be performed to see whether devicesoftware is truly resilient; the application code should not haveto be changed as a result of:
• Changes in message formats. For example, the GPS informationcould be provided via other format than NMEA (e.g., TrimbleStandard Interface Protocol).
• Moving to another communication device. For example, movingfrom serial to USB.
The common theme in all this discussion is the tradeoff ofinflexible simplicity for slightly more complicated flexibility.Just a little more thought and effort will pay off later in waysthat developers may not be able to foresee today.
It is relatively easy to interface with serial devices.Hopefully, developers will contemplate and employ some of theprocedures and techniques presented here whereby you can handlealmost any serially interfaced device. And not only standard RS232serial, but for an assortment of other very active serial stylebusses in use by many industries.
Maybe you have gained an appreciation for the problem ofplanning for change, even though we didn't have the space to dealwith the complete story. For example, we have an extremely robustsolution that we have used to communicate not only with a lame setof devices on an automobile bus (which changes from manufacturer tomanufacturer), but the solution smoothly handles multiple “packet”oriented communications means, serial and beyond.
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Winner of the New Statesman SPERI Prize in Political Economy 2016
Tuesday, 31 August 2021
Is it true that “anything we can actually do we can afford”?
This was something Keynes said in a 1942 BBC address. By 'we' he meant the government, and by 'actually do' he meant the physical resources (e.g. labour) were available. He was talking about what he hoped would happen after the war, and against the austerity policies that had seen mass unemployment in the late 1920s and 1930s. He says in the same address:
It was a policy the UK pursued in the next few decades, after a few years producing full employment on average along with rapid growth and, initially at least, with little or no inflation. Keynes was proved correct. However in the 1960s and 1970s that was no longer the case, and we learnt through double digit inflation, and in the UK widespread disruption, that the real constraint on what you can do is inflation rather than full employment. It was always clear, however, at least to UK and other European economists, that how close you could get to full employment before inflation set in was governed by a complex and variable set of institutional factors. So Keynes’ statement became ‘governments can do anything as long as inflation remains stable’.
If inflation is the ultimate constraint on what we can actually do, why did governments start to worry about their own finances? Why did bodies like the IMF start advocating fiscal rules to limit government borrowing and later independent fiscal institutions to monitor government deficits? Some may have wanted to reduce the growth of government spending, but the official reason was real enough: deficit bias.
Deficit bias has been long forgotten as a result of the macroeconomic disaster that began in 2010, but it is crucial to understanding the origin of financial considerations influencing what we can actually do. To understand deficit bias you also need to understand another change that began in the 1970s and has now become dominant, which is how demand management is done.
In the UK in the decades after WWII, fiscal policy was used to stabilise the economy at full employment. Interest rates played a minor role, and arbitrary limits on personal borrowing were common. (This is similar to the policy proposal associated with MMT.) This made sense under the system of fixed exchange rates created by Bretton Woods. When that came to an end in the early 1970s, interest rate changes became more powerful because of their impact on exchange rates, and that was enhanced as credit controls were gradually abolished.
The world moved, often erratically, towards a system we have today: macroeconomic stabilisation using interest rates set by central banks trying to hit inflation targets. This in turn created the problem of deficit bias. In a world where fiscal policy stabilises the economy, deficit bias isn’t an issue because deficits increase in recessions but fall in booms. The economic cycle and the need for fiscal policy stabilisation means that government debt broadly looks after itself. To put it another way, labour shortages and high inflation are the cost an irresponsible government pays for spending to much or taxing too little.
In contrast, in a world where interest rates are varied to stabilise the economy, inflation is no longer a constraint on fiscal policy. In this world, Keynes’ statement of the title again becomes true, because central banks will look after inflation. The only cost of spending a lot or taxing too little would be high interest rates, but as these rates were set by someone else, the political cost to governments of running large deficits is more opaque as long as the increase in rates wasn’t too rapid.
This is perhaps the most important point of this post. Deficit targets or more sophisticated fiscal rules only make sense in a world where interest rates are able to be used to target inflation. It follows automatically that fiscal rules make no sense when rates are stuck at their lower bound. These two sentences are sufficient to show that 2010 austerity makes no sense. The reason MMTers don’t like fiscal rules follows automatically from their wish that fiscal policy rather than interest rates target inflation.
In the three decades after the fall in Bretton Woods, governments in the US and Europe (not the UK) took advantage of this new freedom monetary policy stabilisation had given them. Global debt to GDP ratios almost doubled. This is deficit bias. [1]
To what extent was this deficit bias a problem? In the short and medium term for the major economies (treating the Eurozone as a country) not much, but in the longer term (by which I mean centuries rather than decades) there is bound to be a limit on how large government debt could be in relation to GDP. [2] So for that reason alone it makes sense to try and make it hard, through rules and institutions, for governments to increase debt at that rate. It should also increase welfare if governments are discouraged from increasing debt for no good reason beyond buying elections.
I think the evidence that inflation stabilisation by independent central banks was highly successful compared to all the other stabilisation regimes that preceded it is overwhelming. So having good fiscal rules that make it difficult for governments to try and win elections by increasing debt is also worth having. This is why I support good fiscal rules.
However, I also think bad fiscal rules are far worse than no fiscal rules at all. It is vitally important that government debt should be allowed to rise in a number of situations. Fiscal rules that prevent that do far more harm than good. There are two clear situations today where debt needs to rise. The first is in severe recessions, where interest rates get stuck at their lower bound [3]. The second is where large investments are required to produce a large future benefit. The most obvious example of the latter is climate change.
Why are there so many bad fiscal rules around today? I think one important reason is that the political right has seen them as a way of reducing the size of the state. The media have not helped, by grossly exaggerating the cost of higher debt and using any departure from a (bad) fiscal rule as a sign of government irresponsibility.
Which brings me to what inspired this post, Adam Tooze’s Chartbook No.34. This takes an MMT perspective, and ignores all the points I make about interest rate stabilisation and inflation. Which is understandable, when interest rates have been at or close to their lower bound for over a decade and inflation has not been an issue. The puzzle he addresses is how can we describe a government project (project X) as crowding out something else, when the amount the government could borrow before hitting an inflation constraint far exceeds what it actually borrows. You cannot say doing X stopped you doing Y and Z, because you could have done X, Y and Z.
I suspect this is usually an artificial question, because for me at least doing X, Y and Z would bring the economy to the point where it either hits the inflation constraint (in an MMT world) or where interest rates start rising (in today’s world). This would be a certainty if Y was greening the economy and Z were the fiscal transfers to make a carbon tax (or equivalent) politically acceptable. In both cases there is a clear opportunity cost of doing X.
An example of X where this arose recently was Trump’s tax cuts for the rich. I am happy to say the main problem with this is it was a transfer of income from the many to the few. The rich were better off, and that money either comes from the rest of the population now or in the future. Most people don’t see that because Trump paid for it by borrowing. For me [4], that means it’s also an example of deficit bias: raising the deficit just to pay off those who gave you money to win the election. [5]
I agree with Adam Tooze when he says there is no fixed pot of money. The government is the owner of the magic money tree, and in the US, UK and collective Eurozone today can borrow freely. I disagree on three points. First, I think the constraint in MMT type economies (where only fiscal policy does macro stabilisation) is normally inflation and not available resources, and second I think we can talk about the opportunity cost of bad policies even when the inflation constraint does not bite for the reason I gave above. Third, in today’s economies, it does make sense to ask whether deficits are justified or not, just as it did over the period of deficit bias and subsequently.
[1] The term deficit bias is bound to involve value judgments. No one should describe the rise in government debt after the GFC and the pandemic as deficit bias, because debt rose for very good reasons. Deficit bias is a rising government debt to GDP ratio over decades for no obviously good reason, and what a good reason is has to be a value judgement.
[2] Debt around 100% of GDP is fine. But if it doubles every 30 years for no good reason, you are over 1000% a century later and over 10,000% after that.
[3] This is why the fiscal rule that Jonathan Portes and I proposed here contained a knock-out where the rule no longer applies when interest rates hit the lower bound. Any fiscal rule today that fails to have something similar is a bad fiscal rule. It also focused on the current balance, putting no constraint on investment to green the economy, for example.
[4] I admit that a Republican who thought the economy was better off if taxes on the rich were reduced would not call this deficit bias. In that case all you can do is point out that there is little sign his belief is correct (e.g.)
[5] Does the relationship between r (the interest rate) and g (the nominal growth rate) matter here? I don’t think so, because we are talking about a permanent flow (tax cuts) rather than a one-off project.
1. My suspicion is that the debate is where the floating exchange rate boundary is - and few economists can see that
Effectively government doesn't spend in green dollars. It spends in yellow dollars which via the interest rate has an exchange rate with green dollars.
QE makes that exchange rate impure and more like the 'dirty peg' that the Chinese run between the Yuan and the dollar.
MMT says scrap yellow dollars and just use green dollars, which then puts government in the same floating exchange rate zone as the rest of us. The floating rate boundary then moves from around Treasury out to the border of the currency zone.
The difference between Keynesians and MMT people is whether they believe having a variable cost parameter on government spending that comes from the silly shuffle that they call 'borrowing' has any economic value.
2. Offer a $15/£10 per hour job to anybody who wants one, paying them directly from the central bank.
If mainstream economic theory is correct, nobody will turn up and/or nobody will be left on it very quickly.
The MMT position is that putting the currency on the labour hour standard is superior to interest rate adjustment in terms of inflation control - leading to greater output at stable prices than any competing ideas at any given interest rate.
That's because unlike the Gold standard labour hours cannot be hoarded and are fundamental to every form of activity in the economy.
May I suggest focusing not on the ratio of debt but the cost of debt service. Obviously at a low 2% average yield on nominal debt, the first scenario gives debt service as an alarming and doubtfully feasible 20% of GDP, and the second a mathematically impossible 200%.
The main reason for the change is that debt service directly represents the real burden on current and future taxpayers. The portfolio of nominal debt outstanding is a historical palimpsest, different for each country, especially ones with long debt records like the UK. Using nominal debt-to-GDP ratios adds pointless and emotive noise, and risks unsound policies.
The one aspect where nominal debt may be a better guide is in assessing rollover risks. But these need an additional indicator anyway to capture the maturity distribution, just as we need a distinct indicator of foreign bondholding to capture the foreign dependency risk.
A historical anecdote reinforces the argument. The UK's debt-to GDP ratio in 1815 after Waterloo is often cited with awe as a historical record for a country without hyperinflation, variously at 295% or 270% IIRC. It is a commonplace qualification thatthe denominator is uncertain, and Pitt did not have usable GDP estimates to go by. However, the estimates constructed later by economic historians are pretty good. What is less often noted is that he numerator is arbitrary.
As I understand it, when the Treasury needed to borrow during the long Napoleonic wars, which was often, it took the traditional 2.5% coupon on Consols as given and sold the new issue for what they could get, often considerably less than par. This was sensible policy, as it made the new issue legally identical to the old and over time created a huge and highly liquid pool of low-risk assets, as well as reducing administrative costs and risks of misappropriation to the absolute minimum. But it also meant that the nominal total of outstanding Consols was an unimportant book-keeping sum, not even a record of the total sums raised. Were any significant policymakers and pundits like Ricardo paying any attention to it?
4. «I think the evidence that inflation stabilisation by independent central banks was highly successful compared to all the other stabilisation regimes that preceded it is overwhelming.»
That is pure handwaving, especially considering the periodic 15-20 year financial crashes and recessions.
But so many governments have been simply shifted the technique used to buy elections by increasing *private* debt (which is not really private, e.g. mortgage debt, "secured" by "fantasy finance" valuations) which thanks to the "debt collateral spiral" described by John Stiglitz generates high inflation of property and pension costs (which is not "inflation" of course).
This has been called by Kevin Crouch "privatised keynesianism" and has been celebrated by many central bankers as inducing the "wealth effect". Mervyn King however seems to have repented.
George Osborne: “Hopefully we will get a little housing boom and everyone will be happy as property values go up
As to the quote from Cameron, real booms result in a *reduction* of debt because they increase income from greater output rather than book capital gains from higher asset prices.
5. "You cannot say doing X stopped you doing Y and Z, because you could have done X, Y and Z."
Not really. There are good reasons why we cannot achieve a perfect health service by, say, having 99% of the working population employed by the NHS. It isn't just an issue of funding. It is an issue of the allocation of national resources.
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How To Control The Timing Of A Linear Actuators Motion
How to Control the Timing of a Linear Actuators Motion?
Guest Writer
Guest Writer
PA Engineer
In our latest "How To" post, we will be going over how to control the timing of a linear actuator's motion using a microcontroller. Microcontrollers give a lot of freedom in motion control and this is just one example of an almost endless amount of motion control options available. Depending on your application, the example project in this article can be adjusted to suit your requirements, whether you add another timed actuator or beef up the power supply to handle a stronger linear actuator, it is all up to you.
Motion Control Using a Microcontroller
An Arduino microcontroller will be used to control the motion timing of a linear actuator, but any microcontroller will work. However, since we are using a shield, the microcontroller needs to be compatible. We are going to walk you through the various parameters that you can adjust to change the speed of a linear actuator.
What You Will Need
For this example, we will be using the following components for controlling a linear actuator:
Connecting Components
Now that we have our supplies, we will need to connect everything. Thankfully, connections are simple by using a shield as opposed to a separate board that requires additional wiring and soldering.
First, let's connect our actuator to our LC-80 MegaMoto Plus shield by attaching the two wire leads from the actuator to the A/B screw terminals on the LC-80. Then, we need to connect the LC-80 to our power supply, in this case, the PS-20-12. We do this by attaching positive and negative wires from the power supply to the BAT +/- terminals of the LC-80.
Finally, we need to connect the LC-80 to the LC-066, which is as simple as sticking it on top of one another as shown in the image below.
Photo of microcontrollers by Progressive Automations
Adjusting the Code
For us to get full control over our actuator's motion, we will need to do some linear actuator programming with our Arduino unit. We've prepared an example code that has our actuator extending and then retracting for 10 seconds each way for a 300-second cycle.
//Use the jumpers on the board to select which pins will be used
int EnablePin1 = 13;
int PWMPinA1 = 11;
int PWMPinB1 = 3;
int extendtime = 10 * 1000; // 10 seconds, times 1000 to convert to milliseconds
int retracttime = 10 * 1000; // 10 seconds, times 1000 to convert to milliseconds
int timetorun = 300 * 1000; // 300 seconds, times 1000 to convert to milliseconds
int duty;
int elapsedTime;
boolean keepMoving;
void setup() {
pinMode(EnablePin1, OUTPUT);//Enable the board
pinMode(PWMPinA1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(PWMPinB1, OUTPUT);//Set motor outputs
elapsedTime = 0; // Set time to 0
keepMoving = true; //The system will move
}//end setup
void loop() {
if (keepMoving)
digitalWrite(EnablePin1, HIGH); // enable the motor
delay(10);//small delay before retracting
elapsedTime = millis();//how long has it been?
if (elapsedTime > timetorun) {//if it's been 300 seconds, stop
Serial.print("Elapsed time is over max run time. Max run time: ");
keepMoving = false;
}//end if
}//end main loop
void stopActuator() {
analogWrite(PWMPinA1, 0);
analogWrite(PWMPinB1, 0); // speed 0-255
void pushActuator() {
analogWrite(PWMPinA1, 255);
void pullActuator() {
analogWrite(PWMPinA1, 0);
analogWrite(PWMPinB1, 255);//speed 0-255
It is important to walk through the code, line-by-line to try and understand what is going on. By doing so, you can customize the code to do a whole host of other tasks. However, for now, the most important part is the first section and the setup loop, which that focuses on assigning pins and setting the cycle speed.
You need to configure the pins on our LC-80 to match what is in the first section of the code by setting the jumpers on the LC-80 or adjusting the code. In this case, set the "Enable" pin to D13, the "PWMA" pin to D11, and the "PWMB" pin to D3. The “Enable” pin is what controls and powers the motor and without it, the actuator will stop moving and will not be able to be controlled. The “PWMA” and “PWMB” pins control the extension and retraction of the actuator. We don't need the "Sensor" pins in this example so don't worry about selecting anything there.
The timer control of a linear actuator is now complete. You can upload the code to the Arduino by using their IDE (download from the Arduino website). Once you have your linear actuator extending and retracting, why not play around with the code a bit? Try and adjust the extend/retract time within the code, re-upload it to the Arduino, and see how the linear actuator responds. By adjusting these numbers in the code, you can control the speed and total motion cycle time based on your desired application.
Below we have included a video of a timing actuator in action. For the video example, we wanted to show off another way you can alter the timing, so we made it extend and retract for 5 seconds at a time over a 20-second cycle.
As stated earlier, this is just one example of a way you can alter the motion of an actuator with the help of our microcontrollers. If you have your own custom control method in mind, you can have a control system built specifically to your custom requirements with the help of our talented engineering staff. They will guide you through the process and make sure you have full control over your units. If you'd like to learn more about the custom order process take a look at our custom order page.
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Atomic Physics
Atomic physics, the logical investigation of the structure of the molecule, its vitality states, and its cooperations with different particles and with electric and attractive fields. Nuclear material science has end up being a staggeringly fruitful use of quantum mechanics, which is one of the foundations of present day material science. It is basically worried about the course of action of electrons around the core and the procedures by which these plans change. This involves particles, nonpartisan molecules and, except if in any case expressed, it tends to be accepted that the term iota incorporates particles. The term nuclear material science can be related with atomic force and atomic weapons, because of the equivalent utilization of nuclear and atomic in standard English. Physicists recognize nuclear material science—which manages the iota as a framework comprising of a core and electrons—and atomic physical science, which considers atomic responses and extraordinary properties of nuclear cores.
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Lack of Communication in a Relationship
2021-05-06 22:26:24
3 pages
567 words
Type of paper:
For a relationship to grow it requires fostering. There are many factors that helps in nurturing a relationship. For example, for a relationship to develop it needs love, tolerance, patience, dedication, commitment, honesty, trust and above all communication (Mostamandy 25). Communication is an essential facet since it enables individuals in a relationship to express and convey their emotions and thoughts on a given issue affects them. When couples do not communicate, they usually feel unappreciated. Thus, it is essential to analyze the reasons and effects of less or no communication in a relationship.
There are many factors that cause little or no communication in a relationship. However, the factors are different based on a particular relationship. The common causes leading to reduced communication include work related stress and mistrust (Moore). Stress affect most relationship since individual undergoing stress frequently become withdrawn by keeping their thoughts to themselves. A stressed person typically feels irritated, and this influence the partner to abhor from any discussion of the relationship (Moore). Maybe because of the feeling of being fatigued to talk. Lack of trust result because of little or no communication. Lack of communication may make a partner doubt his or her spouse (Mostamandy 32). Mistrust commonly occur when a partner engages in an act that is dishonest like cheating or being affair. This only compromises trust by increasing disputes and reducing faith and belief in a relationship. Thus, mistrust happens when a spouse doubts the loyalty of the other partner in a relationship. A partner who doubts frequently begins with silent observation of the actions of the other spouse (Moore). The doubting spouse may also not show the doubts he or she is contemplating concerning their spouse. All these lead to a relationship that is unhealthy.
Lack of communication leads to many effects in a relationship. These effects result from the long-term issues suppressed between the couples. One effect resulting is misunderstanding (Moore), which causes arguments between couples. The issues and problems bringing conflicts in the relationship are those that were not discussed and solved foremost. Thus, keeping a particular issue to yourself without solving it serves as an ingredient for more arguments. These arguments make people vulnerable to negative emotions that induce to hurt one another and, therefore, do not provide a solution.
Lack of romance and intimacy is also a result of lack of communication (Moore). Mostly, romance and intimacy are issues that people in a relationship do not communicate about. When they do not communicate about such issues, the relationship might be destroyed completely (Mostamandy 32). The causes are accredited by the lack of communication on such problems in a relationship based on the differences existing in the relationship. Sometimes the difference is based on gender, male and female. However, men normally feel that when his partner do not communicate he might not be willing to satisfy his needs sexually.
The most important thing in a relationship is communication. It leads to growth in a relationship. Some people experience problems in their relationship because they do not know how to express themselves. Couples need to understand one another as communication is not just about expression; communication is about respect, understanding and support for each other.
Works Cited
Moore, Ayra. The Effects of Lack of Communication in a Relationship. 24 May 2011. 28 February 2016.
Mostamandy, Tamila. The Effect of Communication on Couples Relationship and Happiness. London: AuthorHouse, 2012.
We can write a custom paper on any topic you need.
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Search Ancestors Map Descendants Load Gedcom file
Edward IV, King of England
Determine relationship to...
29 APR 1442 Rouen, Haute-Normandie, France
Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York
Cecily de Neville
Elizabeth Woodville 1 MAY 1464 Grafton Regis, Northamptonshire, England
Elizabeth of York, Princess of England
Born: 11 FEB 1466 Westminster Palace, London, Middlesex, England
Died: 11 FEB 1503 Tower of London, The City, London, England
Elizabeth Lucy BEF 1470
Arthur Plantagenet, Vicount Lisle
Born: ABT 1470 Calais, Aquitaine, France
Died: 3 MAR 1542 Tower of London, The City, London, England
Elizabeth Woodville 1 MAY 1464 Grafton Regis, Northamptonshire, England
Edward V, King of England
Born: 4 NOV 1470 Sanctuary, Westminster, England
Died: 1483 Tower of London, The City, London, England
Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York and Norfolk
Born: 17 AUG 1473 Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England
Anne Plantagenet, Princess of England
Born: 1479
Died: 1512
Catherine Plantagenet
Born: 14 AUG 1479 Eltham Palace, Kent, England
Died: 15 NOV 1527 Tiverton Castle, Tiverton, Devon, England
9 APR 1483 Westminster Palace, London, Middlesex, England aged 40
REIGNED: making an admirable start on reforming royal administration, on improving the machinery of royal finance Strong emphasis was placed on restoring law and order.
The Houses of Lancaster and York had fought the Wars of the Roses, and despite the civil war that continued intermittently until 1471 when all Lancastrian resistance was crushed and Henry VI was taken prisoner, Edward fostered the commerce of his realm. During his reign, printing and silk manufacturing were introduced in England.
Edward's marriage to Elizabeth Woodville, a commoner, and his efforts to create a new nobility more amenable to his interests, angered the older nobles and alienated Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, who had been a power behind his throne. Warwick made an alliance with the Lancastrians and, in 1470, drove Edward from the throne and into exile in Holland. Henry VI again became king of England. Supplied with funds by his brother-in-law, Charles the Bold, duke of Burgundy, Edward returned to England in 1471, raised a large army, and won decisive victories over his enemies at Barnet and Tewkesbury. Thereafter the crown was securely in his possession. The later years of his reign were, for the most part, uneventful. The most notable incident of this period was a short war with France in 1475, which was terminated by an arrangement whereby King Louis XI agreed to pay Edward an annual subsidy. Edward was succeeded by his son Edward V.
OCCUPATION: including the renovation of St. George's Chapel at Windsor Castle, intended to be the mausoleum of the House of York. It was a hugely ambitious redevelopment of St George's funded with French money received under the terms of the Treaty of Picquigny.
The centrepiece of this redevelopment was a chapel of cathedral-like proportions set out immediately to the west of its predecessor. Integral to the new building was the king's own funeral monument and chantry. The construction of this sumptuous chapel, one of the masterpieces of late medieval European architecture, was supervised by Richard Beauchamp, bishop of Salisbury, and directed by the master mason Henry Janyns.
This new building completely obscured the original public façade of Edward III's college and necessitated a complete reordering of the lower bailey, including the construction of the Horseshoe Cloister for the community of the vicars.
When Edward IV died his new collegiate church and funerary monument were far from complete. The choir was roofed but not vaulted and the walls of the nave were still under construction. Despite the king's death, work to the chapel does appear to have continued for a short while but the Yorkist defeat at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485 soon brought operations at St George's to a complete standstill.
Just before this event, however, the body of Henry VI, the Lancastrian king murdered by Edward IV was brought to the chapel. Almost immediately miracles were reputedly worked by the murdered king and a pilgrimage cult focused on Windsor began to develop and with far-reaching results.
BIOGRAPHICAL: He was popular with the people, especially the Londoners and the ladies. Inclined to be lazy and easy going, he could act with alacrity when the occasion demanded it.
York 1461-1470, 1471-1483
Database: stanwardine Bridge Family Tree
Contact: William Bridge
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burning vs electrocution what difference
what is difference between burning and electrocution
• (General American) IPA(key): /bɝnɪŋ/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /bɜːnɪŋ/
• Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)nɪŋ
1. present participle of burn
burning (comparative more burning, superlative most burning)
1. So hot as to seem to burn (something).
2. Feeling very hot.
3. Feeling great passion.
4. Consuming; intense; inflaming; exciting; vehement; powerful.
• like a young hound upon a burning scent
5. Being keenly discussed.
a burning question; a burning issue
Derived terms
• wood-burning, woodburning
burning (plural burnings)
1. The act by which something burns or is burned.
• 1850, The Edinburgh Review, Or Critical Journal (volume 91, page 93)
The propriety of the dissolution, too, was speedily seen in the improved state of the public peace: for twelve years we hear little of Orange riots, and nothing of such burnings and wreckings as those of Maghera, Maghery, and Annahagh.
2. A fire.
The burnings continued all day.
3. (cryptocurrencies) purposefully remove certain number of coins in circulation, by sending it to a public address where the private keys cannot be obtained (called burn address, eater address or black hole), usually should be available on the blockchain for anyone to review such a transaction. It’s a one-way address with no ability to reverse the transaction or withdraw the coins. For all practical purposes, the asset no longer exists (it has been “burned”). The act of burning effectively removes tokens from the available supply.
• Bruning
electrocute + -ion
• IPA(key): /ɪˌlɛktɹəˈkjuːʃən/
electrocution (countable and uncountable, plural electrocutions)
1. The accidental death or suicide by electric shock.
2. Deliberate execution by electric shock, usually involving an electric chair.
3. (informal) A severe electric shock, whether fatal or not.
Usage notes
Formally, the words electrocution and electrocute imply fatality (and originally referred specifically to judicial execution, although the latter distinction has fallen out of use). Informally, however, these terms are sometimes used to refer to serious but nonfatal electric shocks. Preferred usage is to normally reserve electrocution for fatal electric shocks, and to use shock or electric shock for nonfatal ones.
See also
• execution
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Do you have now, or have you ever had a child who engaged in challenging behavior?
If so, you may have been given or asked to participate in the creation of a behavior plan.
IDEA states that a behavior plan is based on a functional behavioral assessment.
A functional behavioral assessment is considered an evaluation that, through data collection and observations hypothesizes the function of behavior. Once you have a data-driven hypothesis, a behavior plan (if necessary) would be created, which should include strategies and interventions that address the behaviors and their functions.
There is a function behind all behavior.
Take a second to think about your own behavior. Do you bite your nails, do you play on Facebook for a few minutes instead of finishing that report? I could go on and on, but you probably get where I am going.
When we think about our students or children, understanding the function of their behavior may help us respond in a way that creates change and not more or different challenging behaviors.
Interesting Functions Of Behavior;
There are four types of function in regards to behavior;
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• Sensory/Automatic
• Escape
• Attention
• Tangible
Let’s take a more in-depth look into each behavior and some examples of each.
This function is sometimes referred to as self-stimulatory. The behaviors are not dependent on anything other than the behavior itself. The behavior itself is reinforcing to the person.
Some examples of Sensory behaviors would be: repetitive body motions such as, but not limited to- hand flapping, leg shaking, spit play, chewing on fingers, nail-biting and could also include some self-injurious behaviors.
Behaviors with an escape function are meant to do just that, escape from whatever has been presented to the person immediately before the behaviors. To stop or avoid something is what is reinforcing.
Some examples of Escape/Avoidance behaviors would be: Aggression, spitting, (to get people to leave them alone), running away, crying, whining, masturbation and self-injurious behavior.
Think about it like this – there’s a child in the classroom who was given an assignment and does not immediately start it. Instead, he throws his pencil and gets up to roam the room. This is an example of escape behavior that has been reinforced.
Behaviors with an attention function are those that are done to elicit attention.
Attention can be positive or negative. Sometimes, attention is so reinforcing that it can be negative (ex. behavioral correction) or positive (ex. praise). Any attention that maintains the behavior is reinforcing.
Some examples of Attention behaviors would be: calling out in class, nose picking, aggression, elopement, and unsafe climbing.
Think about it like this – a child is climbing on a bookshelf in a classroom. Every single time the teacher walks over, tells him to get down and then physically pulls him down, the child goes back to the activity they should have been doing. This is an example of attention-seeking behavior that has been reinforced.
Behaviors with a tangible function are to obtain an object or item. This function is pretty straightforward that a person engages in a behavior to get something.
Some examples of Tangible behaviors would be: yelling, screaming, and aggression.
Think about it like this – You’re in a store with your child at checkout. There are rows of candy bars. Your child starts screaming for one. You give it to them to stop the screaming. This is an example of tangible behavior that was reinforced.
These examples of behaviors are not an end-all list, but instead just collection of some behaviors you may encounter. Each person and their behavior is unique and must be treated as such.
FBA’s (Functional Behavioral Assessment) and BIP’s (Behavior Intervention Plan) should be individualized to the person they are about.
As a teacher and a special education tutor, I am constantly aware of my actions and how they may be affecting children around me. As you develop a greater knowledge in this area, you will help your child develop in a way that truly maximizes their potential (and decreases your stress level substantially)!
Nicole Adamski, MA
Nicole Adamski, MA
Nicole Adamski, MA
Nicole Adamski, MA
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23 Mar 2017
Sustainable tourism. What is it really about?
Sustainable tourism. What is it really about?
Tourism in total freedom makes an important business model for the overall economic infrastructure of many areas, particularly in Italy, where small towns with great cultural heritage or wonderful natural landscapes are often difficult to reach. A camper van can get to these destinations, thus acting on a basic principle of sustainable tourism: not just respecting the host environment, but also bringing benefits to it.
According to the WTO (World Tourism Organization), sustainable tourism can be defined as the form of tourism that ‘satisfies the needs of both travellers and host regions, while protecting and improving their opportunities for the future”. In other words, it is a responsible tourism, supporting travellers and territories, a ‘tourism in natural areas that must contribute to the protection of nature and to the well being of local populations’.
The core factor of sustainable tourism is therefore the recognition that the specific host places and cultures need to directly benefit from it, also in economic terms. The concepts of mobility, outdoor life, interaction, and the characteristics of flexibility and adaptability, explain why camper holidays belong to a developing model where tourism is an important element of the overall economic infrastructure of many areas. In Italy in particular, there are many small towns with great cultural heritage and natural landscapes that are not usually touched by the standard tourist formats.
With the camper van, these destinations can be enjoyed, while experiencing a key principle of sustainable tourism: greater respect for the environment and real benefits for the safeguard and development of people and places. It is not just about holidays, but also about practices that:
• Respect the environment
• Are ethical and virtuous, hence not exploiting an area, culture or population
• Are economically sustainable for the host population
• Display social and cultural curiosity. The entire journey will be characterized by respect for the hosting population.
Modes of transport
Travelling by air seems to be the only choice when travelling long distance or across the ocean. However, when planning a holiday, shorter distances can be considered and also low impact, alternative transport: bicycles, public transport, trains or camper vans. Travelling by camper, for example, means choosing a holiday in close contact with nature, but it also means looking after the environment: a holiday on a Fiat Ducato based camper van can reduce emissions up to 52% compared to a traditional holiday*.
Local culture and economy
The ideal tourist should prefer places and services that use local staff and should, in general, spend their money at local businesses, so that the local economy improves and real opportunities are given. Also, tourists are not meant to be detached spectators who travel to get the latest fashion fad, but rather they should immerse in the local culture and accept its differences, in a constructive dialogue. Knowing about local customs, history, cuisine and -why not- trying to speak a different language, are great starting points.
Many tourist facilities (camping sites, parks, mountain communities…) work to improve natural areas and protect local habitats and biodiversity. Today, it is better to be a conscious traveller, preferring to patronize those venues that are eco-friendly or have environmental protection plans.
Camper holiday makers, hence, are able to travel consciously and thus actively participate in local conservation. But there is more: tourism in total freedom also generates a state of balance and wellness for the traveller, who thus acquires a real sustainable mindset that can be applied to other areas of his or her daily life.
* Source: “Mobile Dwelling Units”, a research by Prof. Paolo Fiamma (Università di Pisa) 2015.
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Tawny Crazy Ant
Actual Size: ⅛”
Characteristics: Golden-brown to reddish-brown.
Legs: 6
Antennae: Yes
Wings: Males and females have wings, but rarely fly.
Habitat: Thrive in both moist and dry environments.Will nest in electronics, underneath floorboards, trash bins, and inside car engines.
• Named for their erratic, highly unpredictable movements.
• Can destroy grass and lawns while displacing other insects.
• Drawn to electrical equipment, they have been found in televisions, computers, and other appliances.
Tawny Crazy Ants in Eastern Tennessee
Also known as rasberry crazy ants, tawny crazy ants are invasive and were first introduced to the public in Texas in 2002. Since then, they’ve spread to Eastern Tennessee, invading homes, and other buildings in large numbers. Named for their butterscotch color and erratic trailing movements, tawny crazy ants follow pheromone trails like other ants. However, the movements of tawny crazy ants appear erratic because they have very long legs and move quickly. Tawny crazy ants can kill grass, displace other insects, and frequently cause malfunctions in electrical equipment.
Tawny Crazy Ant Habitat
Building large nests, typically near moisture, tawny crazy ants build nests in any available crack or crevice. Nests are found under leaf debris, waste material, damp soil, and other protected habitats. Although they don’t typically build colonies in homes, tawny crazy ants will venture indoors to forage for meats and sweets. Additionally, nests have been found in potted plants, stumps, and electrical equipment. Tending aphids and consuming their honeydew secretions, tawny crazy ants also prey on live animals and scavenge from dead animals.
Tawny Crazy Ant Behaviors, Threats, or Dangers
Although they do not have a stinger, tawny crazy ants can bite. When bitten, pain is mild and dissipates quickly. Outdoors, infested landscapes consist of several trails of ants running up trees and shrubs in yards. As they scavenge for food, tawny crazy ants invade homes, where they are drawn to electrical equipment, destroying electronics and creating a fire hazard. When these ants invade buildings, they may be attracted to sweets and to water sources, especially during periods of dry weather. Additionally, most pest control tactics that work to control other ants do not provide adequate control of the tawny crazy ant. If a tawny crazy ant infestation is suspected, it is best to consult a professional ant exterminator.
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