instruction
stringlengths 5
3.56k
| input
stringlengths 0
864
| output
stringlengths 10
22.6k
| source
stringclasses 12
values | category
stringclasses 498
values | matched_keywords
listlengths 1
3
⌀ | data_source
stringclasses 3
values | sample_id
stringlengths 1
28
⌀ | question_type
stringclasses 4
values | difficulty
stringclasses 3
values | species_involved
listlengths 0
3
⌀ | original_question
stringclasses 2
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Does capture-based next-generation sequencing reveal multiple actionable mutations in cancer patients failed in traditional testing?
|
Targeted therapies including monoclonal antibodies and small molecule inhibitors have dramatically changed the treatment of cancer over past 10 years. Their therapeutic advantages are more tumor specific and with less side effects. For precisely tailoring available targeted therapies to each individual or a subset of cancer patients, next-generation sequencing (NGS) has been utilized as a promising diagnosis tool with its advantages of accuracy, sensitivity, and high throughput. We developed and...
|
Our study has shown that NGS-based molecular diagnosis is more sensitive and comprehensive to detect genomic alterations in cancer, and supports a direct clinical use for guiding targeted therapy.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"sequencing",
"susceptibility",
"resistance"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Which is most likely to be increased in Vit K deficiency:
|
A. P.T.T.
B. P.T.
C. Platelet count
D. Fibrinogen time
|
正确答案: A. P.T.T.
解释: Answer is B (P.T.): Although PT and PTT both will he affected PT is the single best answer as explained below. Therefore both intrinsic & extrinsic mechanisms of the coagulation cascade are affected. (Refer previous questions) PT & PTT both will be prolonged. However, factor VII has sho t1/2 & so PT is the first to be prolonged (even in mild vit. K deficiency) Later, factors II, IX & X will also fall, causing PTT to be prolonged. PT is thus the better choice out of PT and PTT
|
medmcqa/train.jsonl
|
med_exam_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Do decreased levels of alternative co-stimulatory receptors OX40 and 4-1BB characterise T cells from head and neck cancer patients?
|
Head and neck cancers (HNC) are aggressive tumours. Tumour-specific T cells are frequently identified in patients with cancer, although they fail to control tumour progression. A family of proteins called co-stimulatory receptors regulate the function of T cells and may account for T cell dysfunction in cancer. Our aim was to characterise co-stimulatory receptors on T cells in HNC patients to identify novel targets for immunotherapy. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from HNC pati...
|
Our results indicate that expression of co-stimulatory receptors on T cells from HNC patients is imbalanced with a preponderance of inhibitory signals, and reduction of stimulatory signals, especially in advanced disease. Restoring this balance could improve T cell therapy outcomes in HNC.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre",
"influenza",
"virus"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Drug of choice for DVT
|
A. Heparin
B. Acetrom
C. LMWH
D. Aspirin
|
正确答案: B. Acetrom
解释: . <p> Deep vein thrombosis Also known as phlebothrombosis. It is a semisolid clot in the vein which has got high tendency to develop pulmonary embolism and sudden death. Common site of beginning is soleal veins . Investigation:- 1. Venous doppler- investigation of choice 2. Duplex scanning- it shows non compressible vein which is wider than normal. 3. Venogram- 4. Radioactive iodine fibrinogen study 5. Haemogram with platelet count 6. Ventilation Treatment:- 1. Rest, elevation of limb and bandaging the entire limb with crepe bandage. 2. Anticoagulants- heparin, low molecular weight heparin, warfarin. 3. Low molecular weight heparin is preferred to heparin. 4. Initially high doses of heparin of 25,000 units/ day for 7 days is given. 5. Warfarin should be staed as early as possible on the same day as heparin. 6. Oral anticoagulants being teratogenic cannot be used during pregnancy. {Reference: SRB&;s manual of surgery, 5th edition , page no. 225}
|
medmcqa/train.jsonl
|
med_exam_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
该样本的菌群多样性指标反映了什么情况？是否提示存在菌群失衡？
|
样本ID: 3796
|
菌群多样性分析：
**多样性指标解读：**
- Shannon指数：2.567
多样性良好，菌群结构相对平衡
- Simpson指数：0.879
均匀度高，物种分布较为均衡
- 物种丰富度：258种
**菌群平衡状态评估：**
菌群状态基本正常，持续监测即可。
**可能原因分析：**
- 当前无明显异常因素
| null | null | null |
csv_analysis
|
3796
|
interpretation
|
intermediate
|
[] |
该样本的菌群多样性指标表明什么？是否存在菌群失调？
|
非常感谢医生的耐心解答和建议，我会按照您的指导继续治疗并注意眼部保护的。
|
对话历史:
问: 你好医生，我不小心受到了眼睛的外伤，然后出现了角膜水肿的情况，我想知道一般需要多久才能恢复呢？
答: 你好，很抱歉听到你的眼睛受伤了。角膜水肿的恢复时间会因个人情况而异，通常需要一些时间才能完全恢复。在没有详细了解你的具体情况之前，很难给出一个准确的时间段。请问你在伤眼后是否已经就医并接受了治疗？
问: 是的，我已经就医并接受了治疗。医生给我开了一些眼药水和消炎药，但我还是非常担心恢复的时间。
答: 很高兴听到你已经就医并且正接受治疗。你所说的治疗方案是比较常见的，眼药水和消炎药可以有效减轻炎症和促进愈合。恢复的时间还是需要根据你的个人情况来判断，一般来说，在正确用药的情况下，轻度的角膜水肿可能会在一到两周内恢复，而较为严重的情况可能需要更长的时间。不过，请记住，即使症状好转，仍然需要按照医生的指导继续治疗和注意保护眼睛以避免二次受伤。
问: 好的，谢谢医生的解答。我还有一个问题，我在角膜水肿期间是否需要特殊注意饮食或避免某些行为呢？
答: 在角膜水肿期间，你可以采取一些措施来帮助恢复。首先，要避免揉眼或擦眼，这样可以减少对角膜的摩擦和刺激。另外，要记住保持眼部清洁，避免接触到可能引起感染的物质。在饮食方面，均衡的饮食对眼部健康也很重要，适量摄入富含维生素C和维生素E的食物，如柑橘类水果、胡萝卜和坚果等，有助于眼部组织的修复和抗氧化。如果你有任何其他疑问或需要进一步的帮助，请随时告诉我。
|
不客气，很高兴能够为你解答疑惑。祝你早日康复！如果还有其他问题，随时向我咨询。保持良好的眼部卫生和定期复查是确保眼睛健康的重要措施。祝你身体健康！
|
cmtmedqa/train.jsonl
|
chinese_medical_qa_五官科
|
[
"感染"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Do african-American TOMM40'523-APOE haplotypes are admixture of West African and Caucasian alleles?
|
Several studies have demonstrated a lower apolipoprotein E4 (APOE ε4) allele frequency in African-Americans, but yet an increased age-related prevalence of AD. An algorithm for prevention clinical trials incorporating TOMM40'523 (Translocase of Outer Mitochondria Membrane) and APOE depends on accurate TOMM40'523-APOE haplotypes. We have compared the APOE and TOMM40'523 phased haplotype frequencies of a 9.5 kb TOMM40/APOE genomic region in West African, Caucasian, and African-American cohorts. Af...
|
These data have therapeutic implications for the age of onset risk algorithm estimates and the design of a prevention trial for African-Americans or other mixed ethnic populations.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre",
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Do macrophage-specific lipid-based nanoparticles improve cardiac magnetic resonance detection and characterization of human atherosclerosis?
|
We sought to determine whether gadolinium (Gd)-containing lipid-based nanoparticles (NPs) targeting the macrophage scavenger receptor-B (CD36) improve cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) detection and characterization of human atherosclerosis. Gd-containing lipid-based NPs targeting macrophages have improved MR detection of murine atherosclerosis. Gadolinium-containing untargeted NPs, anti-CD36 NPs, and nonspecific Fc-NPs were created. Macrophages were incubated with fluorescent targeted and nontar...
|
Macrophage-specific (CD36) NPs bind human macrophages and improve CMR detection and characterization of human aortic atherosclerosis. Thus, macrophage-specific NPs could help identify high-risk human plaque before the development of an atherothrombotic event.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does glomerular filtration rate on admission independently predict short-term in-hospital mortality after acute myocardial infarction?
|
Risk of cardiovascular events is higher in patients with chronic kidney disease. The objective is to evaluate whether glomerular filtration rate (GFR) on admission is an independent predictor of short-term mortality in acute myocardial infarction (AMI), after adjusting with physiologic derangements in an acute setting. 220 consecutive patients with an admitting diagnosis of AMI were enrolled in a 1-year prospective observational study at a tertiary care teaching institute. Data were gathered for...
|
GFR on admission is an independent predictor of short-term mortality in a patient after AMI.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre",
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Is emergency department crowding associated with poor care for patients with severe pain?
|
We study the impact of emergency department (ED) crowding on delays in treatment and nontreatment for patients with severe pain. We performed a retrospective cohort study of all patients presenting with severe pain to an inner-city, teaching ED during 17 months. Poor care was defined by 3 outcomes: not receiving treatment with pain medication while in the ED, a delay (>1 hour) from triage to first pain medication, and a delay (>1 hour) from room placement to first pain medication. Three validate...
|
ED crowding is associated with poor quality of care in patients with severe pain, with respect to total lack of treatment and delay until treatment.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Ultrasound-guided thoracentesis: is it a safer method?
|
The objectives of this study are as follows: (1) to determine the incidence of complications from thoracentesis performed under ultrasound guidance by interventional radiologists in a tertiary referral teaching hospital; (2) to evaluate the incidence of vasovagal events without the use of atropine prior to thoracentesis; and (3) to evaluate patient or radiographic factors that may contribute to, or be predictive of, the development of re-expansion pulmonary edema after ultrasound-guided thoracen...
|
The complication rate with thoracentesis performed by interventional radiologists under ultrasound guidance is lower than that reported for non-image-guided thoracentesis. Premedication with atropine is unnecessary given the low incidence of vasovagal reactions. Re-expansion pulmonary edema is uncommon even when>1,000 mL of pleural fluid are removed, as long as the procedure is stopped when symptoms develop.
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_unlabeled.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre",
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
All are recommended for treatment of Primary lung abscess except:
|
A. Moxifloxacin
B. Clindamycin
C. Amoxicillin- clavulanate
D. Metronidazole
|
正确答案: C. Amoxicillin- clavulanate
解释: Metronidazole alone is never recommended in the treatment of lung abscess, It is effective against anaerobic organism but the streptococci (Microaerophilic) will be spared which are often the component of flora causing lung abscess. Treatment regimen 1. Clindamycin- 600 mg IV TDS When fever disappear and clinical improvement is there Sta with per oral 300 mg QID 2. IV-administered b-lactam/b-lactamase combination When stable, sta oral amoxicillin-clavulanate. 3. Moxifloxacin 400 mg/d PO is as effective and well tolerated as ampicillin-sulbactam Treatment duration: 3-4 weeks or as long as 14 weeks
|
medmcqa/train.jsonl
|
med_exam_qa
|
[
"metronidazole",
"abscess"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Do angiotensins II and IV stimulate the rat adrenocortical cell proliferation acting via different receptors?
|
The effects of angiotensins II (Ang II) and IV (Ang IV,3-8 fragment of angiotensin II) on the adrenocortical cell proliferation have been investigated in the rat. The male adult Wistar rats were injected subcutaneously with saline, captopril or captopril together with either Ang II or Ang IV. A part of animals received additionally losartan - an antagonist of AT1 subtype of angiotensin receptors. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrDU) incorporation into cell nuclei was used as the index of cell proliferation....
|
Both Ang II and Ang IV stimulate the adrenocortical cell proliferation in the rat, but they act via different receptors - AT1 in the case of Ang II and non-AT1 (probably AT4) in the case of Ang IV.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does up-regulation of CX3CL1 via Nuclear Factor-κB-dependent Histone Acetylation be Involved in Paclitaxel-induced Peripheral Neuropathy?
|
Up-regulation of CX3CL1 has been revealed to be involved in the neuropathic pain induced by nerve injury. However, whether CX3CL1 participates in the paclitaxel-induced painful peripheral neuropathy remains unknown. The aim of the current study was to elucidate the involvement of transcriptional factors nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and its causal interaction with CX3CL1 signaling in the paclitaxel-induced painful peripheral neuropathy. Painful peripheral neuropathy induced by paclitaxel treatment w...
|
These findings suggest that up-regulation of CX3CL1 via NF-κB-dependent H4 acetylation might be critical for paclitaxel-induced mechanical allodynia.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does presence of dextranomer-hyaluronic acid ( DxHA ) mound on postoperative ultrasound predict resolution of vesicoureteral reflux?
|
Dextranomer-hyaluronic acid (DxHA) injection is an accepted treatment for vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), with success rates as high as 85-90% in selected patients. The DxHA mound can often be seen on postoperative ultrasound. We sought to determine whether the presence or absence of this mound on ultrasound can predict resolution of VUR on voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG). A retrospective study evaluating patients who underwent cystoscopy and injection of DxHA from 2003 to the present was performed...
|
In this series, the presence of a DxHA mound on initial postoperative ultrasound does not predict resolution of VUR. A larger prospective study is needed to evaluate additional parameters.
结论: no
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin transfusion rescue rats undergoing progressive hemodilution from lethal organ hypoxia without scavenging nitric oxide?
|
To investigate the efficacy of liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin (LHb) transfusion in rats undergoing lethal progressive hemodilution. Unlike other acellular hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers, LHb has lipid bilayer membranes that are similar to mammalian red blood cells (RBCs), which prevent hemoglobin from having any direct contact with the blood components and the endothelium. Acellular hemoglobin has a high affinity for nitric oxide (NO), and because they are reported to behave as NO scavengers...
|
LHb transfusion is effective in rescuing rats undergoing progressive hemodilution from lethal organ hypoxia without scavenging NO.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre",
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does farnesoid X receptor activation improve erectile function in animal models of metabolic syndrome and diabetes?
|
The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is critically involved in the regulation of the hepato-biliary system. Recent data suggest a role for FXR in modulating other metabolic pathways and vascular function. To investigate whether long-term administration of the selective FXR agonist INT-747 ameliorates erectile function, we tested it in two animal models of metabolic derangements: a rabbit model of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic syndrome (MetS) and a rat model of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type...
|
In HFD rabbits, INT-747 dosing improved glucose sensitivity and MetS-associated erectile dysfunction, via upregulation of NO transmission and inhibition of RhoA/ROCK pathway. In STZ rats, INT-747 restored in vivo penile erection and sensitivity to ROCK inhibition, independently of effects on glycemia.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
非常感谢您的建议和解答！我会按照您的指示去做的。
|
对话历史:
问: 我听说男性出现生殖感染不能吸烟和饮酒，这是真的吗？
答: 是的，生殖感染在男性或女性中都较为常见。对于男性来说，出现生殖感染时确实不能吸烟和饮酒。
问: 为什么男性出现生殖感染要戒烟呢？
答: 男性生殖感染患者要戒烟的原因有几点。首先，香烟中含有大量的尼古丁和焦油，这些物质会降低人体内免疫细胞的活性，从而影响精子的质量。此外，吸烟还会增加患上癌症的几率。所以，戒烟对于生殖感染的治疗和预防非常重要。
问: 那饮酒会对生殖感染有什么影响？
答: 饮酒也会影响到男性生殖感染的病情。酒精可以破坏人体内的免疫细胞，使其失去活性，还会使人体免疫功能下降。这样一来，生殖感染的病情可能会加重。因此，在患有生殖感染的时候，也需要戒酒以维护身体健康。
问: 我还有其他疑问，得了生殖感染后需要注意哪些方面？
答: 除了戒烟和戒酒外，得了生殖感染后还需要注意一些其他方面。首先，要保持个人卫生，每天洗澡并更换干净的内裤。其次，避免性行为，以免传播给他人或引起感染复发。还可以适当增加饮食中富含维生素的食物，增强免疫力。同时，也建议定期就医复查，确保病情得到控制和治愈。
|
不客气，希望我的回答对您有所帮助。如果还有其他问题，随时可以继续咨询我。祝您身体健康！
|
cmtmedqa/train.jsonl
|
chinese_medical_qa_外科
|
[
"感染"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Is angiographic embolization an effective treatment of severe hemorrhage in pancreatitis?
|
The aim of this study was to analyze the role of radiologic embolization as a diagnostic and therapeutic modality for severe hemorrhage in pancreatitis. All patients with pancreatitis who underwent mesenteric angiography for a 3-year period were identified and analyzed retrospectively. Nine separate bleeding episodes were treated with embolization (mean age, 56 years). This consisted of 6 patients who underwent primary angiographic embolization, with 3 patients requiring further embolization bec...
|
Angiographic embolization is an effective treatment of the life-threatening bleeding that occurs secondary to pancreatitis.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre",
"infection",
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Do challenging gait conditions predict 1-year decline in gait speed in older adults with apparently normal gait?
|
Mobility often is tested under a low challenge condition (ie, over a straight, uncluttered path), which often fails to identify early mobility difficulty. Tests of walking during challenging conditions may uncover mobility difficulty that is not identified with usual gait testing. The purpose of this study was to determine whether gait during challenging conditions predicts decline in gait speed over 1 year in older people with apparently normal gait (ie, gait speed of ≥1.0 m/s). This was a pros...
|
The participants who declined in gait speed over time walked the fastest, and those who improved walked the slowest at baseline; thus, the potential contribution of regression to the mean to the findings should not be overlooked.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre",
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does eight year result with direct ceramic restorations ( Cerana )?
|
Single-visit system ceramic restorations are now in use to provide an alternative to resin-based materials. Inserts have been shown to improve characteristics of composite restorations. To investigate the longevity of Cerana (Nordiska Dental, Sweden) in a prospective clinical trial. Cerana restorations use matched drills with pre-etched and silanated leucite inserts cemented using a conventional restorative composite resin material. The results of 33 Cerana restorations up to eight years (25 Cla...
|
The results suggest that these restorations can be expected to perform well. Cerana is acceptable in terms of aesthetics, patient acceptance, occlusal wear and ease of use and is a good alternative for a single-visit, tooth coloured restoration in suitable cavity shapes.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Short- and long-term outcomes after silastic medicalization laryngoplasty: are arytenoid procedures needed?
|
To evaluate short- and long-term vocal outcomes after medialization laryngoplasty (ML) using a silastic implant in patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP). Prospective study of consecutive patients undergoing ML with silastic (MLS) diagnosed with UVFP from 2009 till 2012 and with at least 9 months follow-up. Pre- and post-treatment maximum phonation time (MPT) and voice handicap index (VHI) scores were compared to assess the impact of ML on these outcomes. Patients with high vagal l...
|
MLS alone is effective in managing UVFP in most patients.
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_unlabeled.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
明白了，谢谢医生的建议和解答。
|
对话历史:
问: 我感染了支原体，一直咳嗽不止，应该怎么办呢？我之前吃了21天的药，但几个月后再查，还是检测到了支原体感染。
答: 您好，感染了支原体引起的咳嗽确实需要及时治疗。不过，单纯用药物进行治疗可能并不能完全消除病菌。针对您的情况，我有几个问题想要了解一下。首先，您之前的药物治疗是否按照医生的建议规定的剂量和时长进行？
问: 是的，我按照医生的建议，每天按时服药，并坚持了21天。
答: 这个时间长度在治疗支原体感染方面是符合常规的。那么，除了咳嗽之外，您还有其他症状吗？比如发热、咳痰、胸闷等？
问: 除了咳嗽，我没有出现其他症状，但有时候咳嗽的时候咳出来的痰带有白色粘液。
答: 嗯，这些情况都对进一步判断病情有所帮助。考虑到您之前的治疗方案未能完全清除病菌，我建议您重新咨询一次专科医生，进行全面的体检和检查，包括胸部CT、痰培养等。根据检查结果，可以再次确定治疗方案，比如是否需要调整用药方案、延长疗程或者加上其他辅助治疗措施。
问: 好的，我会去找专科医生进一步检查。但我想了解一下，除了药物治疗，还有没有其他的辅助治疗方法吗？
答: 当然有，除了药物治疗外，你还可以适当进行支持性治疗，如保持充足的休息、多喝水、注意个人卫生，保持室内空气流通等。此外，通过调节饮食，增加摄入富含维生素C的食物，如柑橘类水果、蔬菜等，有助于提升免疫力。但请注意，这些辅助治疗方法并不可以取代药物治疗，仅作为辅助手段来加速康复。
|
不客气，希望您尽快恢复健康。如果还有其他问题，随时告诉我，我会尽力帮助您。祝您身体健康！
|
cmtmedqa/train.jsonl
|
chinese_medical_qa_传染病科
|
[
"培养",
"感染",
"支原体"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Is the mid-M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery a cutoff clot location for good outcome in intravenous thrombolysis?
|
We studied the impact of the location of the thrombus (internal carotid artery, proximal M1 segment, distal M1 segment, M2 segment, and M3 segment of the middle cerebral artery) in predicting the clinical outcome of patients treated with intravenous thrombolytic therapy (<3 h) in a retrospective cohort. Anterior circulation thrombus was detected with computed tomography angiography in 105 patients. Baseline clinical and radiological information was collected and entered into logistic regression ...
|
The outcome of acute internal carotid artery or proximal M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery occlusion is generally poor even if treated with intravenous thrombolysis. Alternative revascularization strategies should be considered. Vascular imaging at the admission is required to guide this decision.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does coronary Atherosclerosis Deserve to be Diagnosed earlY in Diabetic patients?
|
To evaluate if screening and treatment of asymptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD) are effective in preventing first cardiac event in diabetics. Diabetic patients without known CAD were randomly assigned to undergo a screening for silent myocardial ischemia followed by revascularization or to continue follow-up. The reduction of cardiac death (CD) or nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) represented the primary aim; secondary aim was the prevention of heart failure (HF). From September 2007 to M...
|
Screening and revascularization of silent CAD in diabetics, failed to demonstrate a significant reduction in cardiac events and HF episodes. However, our data indicate that further research is warranted in patients older than 60 years and those with an intermediate cardiovascular risk. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV: NCT00547872.
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_unlabeled.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does fibroblast growth factor signaling potentiate VE-cadherin stability at adherens junctions by regulating SHP2?
|
The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) system plays a critical role in the maintenance of vascular integrity via enhancing the stability of VE-cadherin at adherens junctions. However, the precise molecular mechanism is not well understood. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the detailed mechanism of FGF regulation of VE-cadherin function that leads to endothelial junction stabilization. In vitro studies demonstrated that the loss of FGF signaling disrupts the VE-cadherin-catenin complex a...
|
These results identify FGF-dependent maintenance of SHP2 as an important new mechanism controlling the extent of VE-cadherin tyrosine phosphorylation, thereby regulating its presence in adherens junctions and endothelial permeability.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Is endothelial lipase increased in vivo by inflammation in humans?
|
Endothelial lipase (EL) is a plasma lipase that we previously reported to be significantly correlated with all features of the metabolic syndrome in humans, including directly with measures of adiposity and inversely with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. We hypothesized that inflammation associated with obesity results in upregulation of EL. We determined the relationship between inflammatory markers and EL levels in a cohort of healthy persons recruited on the basis of family histor...
|
In humans, plasma inflammatory markers are directly correlated with plasma EL concentrations, and experimental endotoxemia significantly increases plasma EL concentrations, proving that EL is upregulated by inflammation in humans. This mechanism may partially explain the low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels seen in obesity and metabolic syndrome.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre",
"culture"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Is incidence of postoperative dyspepsia associated with prophylactic use of drugs?
|
Preoperative fasting guidelines do not recommend H2 receptor antagonists or proton pump inhibitors. This study investigated prophylactic use of gastric protection and the incidence of dyspeptic symptoms in the immediate postoperative period. Non-randomized observational investigation in a post-anesthesia care unit. American Society of Anesthesiologists risk classification ASAP1 and ASAP2 patients over 18 years of age were evaluated to identify dyspeptic symptoms during post-anesthesia care for u...
|
This study suggests that prophylactic use of proton pump inhibitors or H2 receptor antagonists was routine for asymptomatic patients and was not associated with postoperative protection against dyspeptic symptoms.
结论: no
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
明白了，谢谢您的耐心解答！我会按照您给出的建议来处理伤口，并持续观察狗狗的情况。如果有其他问题，我还可以再向您咨询吗？
|
对话历史:
问: 您好，我家的狗狗被抓了一下，皮肤有点破，但没有出血，这种情况有什么需要注意的吗？我家的狗已经完成了疫苗接种。
答: 您好，根据您的描述，狗狗只有轻微的抓伤，没有出血，这种情况一般来说不算严重。但由于狗狗的爪子可能潜藏着细菌，为了进一步确保您的健康和安全，我建议您采取以下措施：
1. 首先，用温和的肥皂和流动水彻底清洗被抓伤的部位，以减少感染的风险。
2. 接下来，使用一些消毒剂（如75%的酒精或碘酒）消毒伤口，以杀灭细菌。
3. 在伤口上涂抹一些抗生素软膏可以预防感染并促进愈合。
4. 观察伤口的变化，如有出现红肿、渗液、发热等症状，请及时就医。
问: 好的，我明白了。此外，我想了解一下，如果我家的狗已经完成了所有狗狗必打的疫苗，那么它被其他动物抓伤的风险是否还会存在？
答: 非常好的问题！狗狗接种疫苗可以大大降低其被其他动物（如猫、野狗等）抓伤所带来的传染病风险，疫苗提供了一定的免疫保护。然而，即使完成了疫苗接种，狗狗仍有可能感染一些非疫苗覆盖的疾病，如螨虫感染等。而且，不同地区的疫情和疾病种类也可能不同，所以建议您在狗狗出现抓伤或其他异常情况时，及时就医并向兽医咨询。只有全面保护狗狗的健康，才能保证您的安全。
问: 非常感谢您的解答！如果狗狗抓伤后，我还需要做其他的预防措施吗？比如是否需要注射狂犬疫苗？
答: 对于您描述的这种情况，一般并不需要额外注射狂犬疫苗。因为您提到狗狗已经完成了狂犬疫苗接种，这意味着狗狗已经获得了一定程度的免疫保护。而且，狗狗抓伤伤口没有出血，感染狂犬病的风险非常低。不过，如果伤口感染加重或出现其他症状，建议您请及时就医，医生会根据实际情况做出进一步的判断和处理。
|
当然可以！我很愿意为您解答与医学相关的问题。如果以后有其他疑问或需要进一步咨询，请随时联系我。祝您和您的狗狗健康快乐！
|
cmtmedqa/train.jsonl
|
chinese_medical_qa_传染病科
|
[
"抗生素",
"感染",
"细菌"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
All are true about Amoebic liver abscess except: March 2007
|
A. Common site is right posterosuperior pa of liver
B. Alcoholics are susceptible to develop amoebic liver abscess
C. Anchovy sauce pus
D. Fever is the most common sign
|
正确答案: A. Common site is right posterosuperior pa of liver
解释: Ans. B: Alcoholics are susceptible to develop amoebic liver abscess Amebic liver abscess is the most frequent extraintestinal manifestation of Entamoeba histolytica infection. This infection is caused by the protozoa Ehistolytica, which ascends the poal venous system. The right lobe (posterior superior quadrant) of the liver is more commonly affected than the left lobe. This has been attributed to the fact that the right lobe is supplied predominantly by the superior mesenteric vein, whereas the left lobe is supplied by the splenic vein. Histologic Findings of abscess The abscess contains acellular proteinaceous debris and is surrounded by a rim of amebic trophozoites invading tissue. The abscess contains a chocolate-colored fluid that resembles anchovy paste and consists predominantly of necrotic hepatocytes. Complications Pleuropulmonary infection is the most common complication. Cardiac involvement results following the rupture of an abscess involving the left lobe of the liver. It usually is associated with very high moality. Intraperitoneal rupture occurs in 2-7% of patients. Left lobe abscesses are more likely to progress to rupture because of their later clinical presentation. Bacterial superinfection can occur.
|
medmcqa/train.jsonl
|
med_exam_qa
|
[
"bacteria",
"infection",
"abscess"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Is aSMase required for chronic alcohol induced hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial cholesterol loading?
|
The pathogenesis of alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD) is poorly understood. Here, we examined the role of acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) in alcohol induced hepatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a key mechanism of ALD. We examined ER stress, lipogenesis, hyperhomocysteinemia, mitochondrial cholesterol (mChol) trafficking and susceptibility to LPS and concanavalin-A in ASMase(-)(/-) mice fed alcohol. Alcohol feeding increased SREBP-1c, DGAT-2, and FAS mRNA in ASMase(+/+) but not in ASMase(-...
|
Our data indicate that ASMase is critical for alcohol-induced ER stress, and provide a rationale for further clinical investigation in ALD.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre",
"susceptibility"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
About interferon true is
|
A. It is a synthetic antiviral agent
B. Inhibits viral replication in cells
C. Is specific for a paicular virus
D. No role in cellular processes
|
正确答案: A. It is a synthetic antiviral agent
解释: The interferons (IFNs) are critical cytokines that play a key role in defense against virus infections and other intracellular organisms, such as Toxoplasma gondii. Although the IFNs were first identified as antiviral proteins, they are now recognized as critical immunoregulating proteins capable of altering various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, gene transcription, and translation. The IFN family consists of three groups. Type I IFNs comprise numerous genes and primarily include IFN-a and IFN-b. Type II IFN consists of a single gene that produces IFN-g. IFN-l is a third group of IFN-like cytokines that have more recently been described. Ref:Harper 27e 130
|
medmcqa/train.jsonl
|
med_exam_qa
|
[
"antiviral",
"infection",
"virus"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Are increases in [ 3H ] muscimol and [ 3H ] flumazenil binding in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia linked to α4 and γ2S mRNA levels respectively?
|
GABA(A) receptors (GABA(A)R) are composed of several subunits that determine sensitivity to drugs, synaptic localisation and function. Recent studies suggest that agonists targeting selective GABA(A)R subunits may have therapeutic value against the cognitive impairments observed in schizophrenia. In this study, we determined whether GABA(A)R binding deficits exist in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of people with schizophrenia and tested if changes in GABA(A)R binding are related to t...
|
We report parallel increases in orthosteric and allosteric GABA(A)R binding sites in the DLPFC in schizophrenia that may be related to a "shift" in subunit composition towards α4 and γ2S respectively, which may compromise normal GABAergic modulation and function. Our results may have implications for the development of treatment strategies that target specific GABA(A)R receptor subunits.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"PCR",
"cre",
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Do arrestin 1 and Cone Arrestin 4 Have Unique Roles in Visual Function in an All-Cone Mouse Retina?
|
Previous studies discovered cone phototransduction shutoff occurs normally for Arr1-/- and Arr4-/-; however, it is defective when both visual arrestins are simultaneously not expressed (Arr1-/-Arr4-/-). We investigated the roles of visual arrestins in an all-cone retina (Nrl-/-) since each arrestin has differential effects on visual function, including ARR1 for normal light adaptation, and ARR4 for normal contrast sensitivity and visual acuity. We examined Nrl-/-, Nrl-/-Arr1-/-, Nrl-/-Arr4-/-, a...
|
Based on the opposite visual phenotypes in an all-cone retina in the Nrl-/-Arr1-/- and Nrl-/-Arr4-/- mice, we conclude that ARR1 and ARR4 perform unique modulatory roles in cone photoreceptors.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
局部炎症与全身炎症在临床表现上有何区别，败血症中的全身炎症如何导致感染性休克？
|
局部炎症主要表现为红、肿、热、痛和功能障碍，局限于感染部位，如脓肿或盆腔炎；而全身炎症（如败血症）则是炎症反应失控扩散至全身，导致广泛的血管通透性增加、微循环障碍和低血压，进而引发感染性休克。感染性休克的严重程度与宿主过度的免疫应答密切相关，大量细胞因子（‘细胞因子风暴’）释放激活内皮细胞和凝血系统，可导致多器官功能衰竭，是感染致死的重要机制之一。
|
medllm-dataset-md-ocr/哈里森感染病学/哈里森感染病学.md
|
临床应用
| null |
llm_textbook
| null | null | null | null | null |
|
Is peptide YY ( PYY ) increased in elderly patients with femoral neck fractures : a prospective cohort study?
|
Peptide YY (PYY), a gut peptide, has recently been shown to inhibit appetite. The role of this peptide in elderly nutritionally-compromised patients with femoral neck fracture (FNF) has not been investigated. In this study, we investigated the longitudinal pattern of PYY levels during hospital stay and investigated the postprandial PYY response to a standard meal in patients with FNF and matched controls. Fasting plasma concentrations of the PYY were measured on days 1, 4, 7, 14, 21 and 28 or on...
|
This study shows PYY concentrations are increased during hospitalization and their post-prandial release exaggerated in this group of vulnerable patients, and suggests a role in the etiology of reduced appetite in this patient group.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does umbilical Arterial Blood Sampling alter Cerebral Tissue Oxygenation in Very Low Birth Weight Neonates?
|
To evaluate the magnitude, consistency, and natural history of reductions in cerebral regional tissue oxygenation (CrSO2) during umbilical arterial (UA) blood sampling in very low birth weight neonates. Data were collected during a prospective observational near-infrared spectroscopy survey conducted on a convenience sample of 500-1250 g neonates during the first 10 postnatal days. A before-after analysis of UA blood sampling effects on CrSO2 absolute values and variability was performed. The pr...
|
UA blood sampling is associated with significant CrSO2 decrements with increased variability over clinically significant intervals. Whether these changes impact complications of prematurity, including intraventricular hemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia, remain unknown.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does cx43 CT domain influence infarct size and susceptibility to ventricular tachyarrhythmias in acute myocardial infarction?
|
Hearts of mice expressing K258stop in place of connexin43 (Cx43) protein were subjected to acute myocardial infarction in order to assess the importance of Cx43 regulation on infarct size and arrhythmia susceptibility. This mutation K258stop prevents chemical regulation of Cx43 channels, including by low intracellular pH. Langendorff-perfused hearts of mice harbouring one Cx43 knockout (KO) allele and one K258stop or Cx43 allele (K258stop/KO; Cx43/KO as control) were subjected to 1 h of ischaemi...
|
Loss of the regulatory domain of Cx43 leads to an increase in infarct size and increased susceptibility to arrhythmias following acute coronary occlusion.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre",
"susceptibility"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does hyaluronan-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression promote thromboxane A2 production by renal cells?
|
Matrix degradation products such as fragmented hyaluronan (HA) display important proinflammatory effects on renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) and macrophages (MPhis). We hypothesized that HA could up-regulate cyclooxygenase type 2 (COX-2) in these cells and that the subsequent production of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) could play a role in inflammatory renal lesions. We used an in vitro approach to examine the expression of COX-1 and COX-2 and the production of TXA2 in response to fragments of HA. ...
|
HA is a proinflammatory factor that stimulates COX-2 expression and subsequent TXA2 production. Since HA accumulates markedly in renal injury, we speculate that this matrix molecule could therefore play a significant role in thromboxane-mediated immune events in the kidney.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Is narrow band imaging a new technique in visualization of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis?
|
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a rare, benign, wart-like disease for which no curative treatment exists. The goal of treatment is total surgical removal of the epithelial lesions to keep the airway open and the voice sufficient. Therefore, it is essential to visualize all papillomatous lesions. The present study aims to evaluate the sensitivity of additional use of narrow band imaging (NBI) in detecting RRP during microlaryngoscopy. Prospective study. Between January 2011 and July...
|
NBI is an additional diagnostic tool in increasing the sensitivity of visualizing papillomata during microlaryngoscopy.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Reducing the risk of surgical site infections: did we really think SCIP was going to lead us to the promised land?
|
Surgical site infections (SSIs) are associated with substantial patient morbidity and death. It is estimated that 750,000-1 million SSIs occur in the U.S. each year, utilizing 3.7 million extra hospital days and costing more than $1.6 billion in excess hospital charges. Review of pertinent English-language literature. The Surgical Care Improvement Project (SCIP) was embraced as a "one-size-fits-all" strategy to reduce postoperative infectious morbidity 25% by 2010. Unfortunately, the evidence su...
|
Rather than focus on a single risk-reduction strategy, future efforts to improve surgical outcomes should embrace a "SCIP-plus" multi-faceted, tiered interventional strategy that includes pre-admission antiseptic showering, state-of-the-art skin antisepsis, innovative antimicrobial technology, active staphylococcal surveillance, and pharmacologic-physiologic considerations unique to selective patient populations.
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_unlabeled.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"antimicrobial",
"infection",
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Do cochlear implant microphone location affects speech recognition in diffuse noise?
|
Despite improvements in cochlear implants (CIs), CI recipients continue to experience significant communicative difficulty in background noise. Many potential solutions have been proposed to help increase signal-to-noise ratio in noisy environments, including signal processing and external accessories. To date, however, the effect of microphone location on speech recognition in noise has focused primarily on hearing aid users. The purpose of this study was to (1) measure physical output for the ...
|
These results have clinical implications for (1) future implant processor design with respect to mic location, (2) mic settings for implant recipients, and (3) execution of advanced speech testing in the clinic.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre",
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
非常感谢医生的详细解答和建议，我会尽快就医进行进一步检查和治疗。
|
对话历史:
问: 医生你好，这段时间，我排尿的时候，发现尿液里有很多的泡沫这是怎么回事呢？我有点担心，这个情况严重吗？
答: 你好，可以理解你对这个情况感到担心。尿液里出现大量泡沫可能是蛋白尿的表现，需要进一步了解你的情况。请问你最近有没有感觉到排尿疼痛或尿频尿急的情况？还有其他不适的症状吗？
问: 最近我没有感觉到排尿疼痛或尿频尿急的情况，也没有其他不适的症状。
答: 了解了，感谢你提供的信息。排尿时出现大量泡沫，除了蛋白尿，还有可能是泌尿系感染引起的。我建议你及时到医院进行尿常规检查，包括尿蛋白定量和尿常规等项目，以进一步明确原因。
问: 好的，我会及时去医院做尿常规检查的。如果确诊是蛋白尿的话，有什么需要注意的吗？
答: 如果确诊为蛋白尿，首先需要知道蛋白尿的原因。常见的原因包括肾脏疾病、高血压、糖尿病等。根据不同的原因，治疗方法也不同。因此，建议你在医生的指导下进行进一步检查，确定病因，并制定相应的治疗方案。
问: 明白了，我会听从医生的建议并尽快进行进一步检查。如果是泌尿系感染引起的呢？
答: 如果是泌尿系感染引起的泡沫尿，通常会伴随其他症状，如尿频尿急、尿痛等。在诊断方面，医生需要通过尿常规检查来确认感染情况。如果确诊为泌尿系感染，会给你开具相应的抗生素用于治疗。但需要注意的是，抗生素的使用需要在医生的指导下进行，切勿滥用抗生素。
|
不客气，希望你早日恢复健康。如果还有其他问题，随时可以咨询。祝你身体健康！
|
cmtmedqa/train.jsonl
|
chinese_medical_qa_男科
|
[
"抗生素",
"感染"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
请分析样本 1657 的微生物检测结果概况。
|
样本ID: 1657
|
根据样本 1657 的微生物检测结果分析：
**一、样本基本信息**
- 总测序读数：5,628,845
- 检出物种数：266
- Shannon多样性指数：3.642
- Simpson多样性指数：0.953
**二、优势菌群**
- Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (10.6%)
- Phocaeicola vulgatus (10.3%)
- Bacteroides caccae (7.5%)
- Parabacteroides distasonis (6.6%)
- Enterococcus faecalis (4.6%)
**三、检出病原体情况**
未检出明显致病菌
**四、总体评估**
菌群多样性良好，微生态状态相对健康。
| null | null | null |
csv_analysis
|
1657
|
overview
|
basic
|
[
"Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (10.6%)",
"Phocaeicola vulgatus (10.3%)",
"Bacteroides caccae (7.5%)"
] | null |
Is calcium intake inversely associated with metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women : Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey , 2001 and 2005?
|
Calcium intake is known to be associated with the risk of having metabolic syndrome. However, the previous studies did not take into account the fact that intestinal absorption and urinary excretion of calcium are estrogen dependent, and intestinal absorption efficiency and renal conservation of calcium deteriorate after menopause. Therefore, we performed a menopause status-specific analysis of the association between calcium intake and metabolic syndrome. A total of 9,341 participants (4,118 me...
|
Calcium intake is inversely associated with the risk of having metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women. Prospective or longitudinal studies concerning sex and menopause status are necessary to evaluate an association between calcium intake and metabolic syndrome.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does felodipine attenuate vascular inflammation in a fructose-induced rat model of metabolic syndrome via the inhibition of NF-kappaB activation?
|
Metabolic syndrome is associated with an increased incidence of atherosclerosis. Clinical studies have shown that calcium channel blockers (CCB) inhibit the progression of atherosclerosis. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. We investigated the inhibitory effect of felodipine on adhesion molecular expression and macrophage infiltration in the aorta of high fructose-fed rats (FFR). Male Wistar rats were given 10% fructose in drinking water. After 32 weeks of high fructose feeding, they ...
|
Felodipine inhibited vessel wall inflammation. The inhibition of NF-kappaB may be involved in the modulation of vascular inflammatory response by CCB in metabolic syndrome.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"PCR",
"cre",
"pcr"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Patient and surrogate disagreement in end-of-life decisions: can surrogates accurately predict patients' preferences?
|
When a patient is too incapacitated to make important end-of-life decisions, doctors may ask a preappointed surrogate to predict the patient's preferences and make decisions on the patient's behalf. The current study investigates whether surrogates project their own views onto what they predict the patients' preferences are. Using data from seriously ill patients and their surrogates, the authors created a "projection'' variable that addresses the following question: When surrogates are asked to...
|
When surrogates inaccurately predict the CPR v. DNR and extend life v. relieve pain preferences of seriously ill, hospitalized loved ones, surrogates' prediction errors often represent surrogates' own wishes for the patient.
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_unlabeled.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does cisplatin induce apoptosis in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line?
|
Cisplatin (CDDP) is cytotoxic, inducing apoptosis in some tumoral cell lines in vitro. Since CDDP is an effective drug in vivo treatment of neuroblastoma, we tested this drug on the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line. Materials and methods. The effect of CDDP on cultured SH-SY5Y cells was determined with trypan blue dye exclusion test, LDH activity and DNA electrophoresis. Cultures were observed by light and electron microscope. Flow cytometric analysis was also carried out. CDDP inhibits the...
|
CDDP is thus effective on the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line, inducing apoptosis.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"culture"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
我有时候会用手挤痘痘，这样会有什么影响吗？
|
对话历史:
问: 种的芦荟可以直接涂脸吗，会不会引起过敏的情况？
答: 您好！关于芦荟涂脸的问题，我可以给您一些建议。芦荟是拥有抗炎、抗菌、镇静等功效的植物，适用于皮肤问题的治疗。但是如果您是第一次接触芦荟，为了预防过敏反应，建议您做过敏测试。您可以将一小块芦荟叶肉擦在手臂内侧皮肤上，观察是否出现过敏现象。如果未出现红肿、瘙痒等情况，您就可以放心使用芦荟了。但需要注意的是，如果您的皮肤有伤口或者其他皮肤炎症，最好不要直接涂抹芦荟，以免引起不适。
问: 最近一直是在长痘痘，看见家中的芦荟长的非常好，能不能使用家中种养的芦荟进行祛痘，有没有效果？
答: 针对痘痘问题，芦荟的确有一定的祛痘效果。芦荟中的植物多糖和黄酮类物质具有抗炎、收敛和保湿的作用，可以减轻痘痘引起的发红、发痒和疼痛等不适症状。您可以将芦荟叶切开后将果肉敷在痘痘部位，轻轻按摩一段时间，再用清水洗净即可。不过，需要提醒您的是，芦荟祛痘的效果因人而异，有些人可能会看到明显的改善，而对于有些人可能效果不太明显。此外，芦荟只能辅助治疗痘痘问题，若长期无明显改善，建议您及时就医，找专业医生针对您的情况给出具体的治疗方案。
问: 除了使用芦荟外，还有哪些祛痘的方法可以尝试呢？
答: 除了芦荟外，日常生活中还有一些其他方法可以尝试来祛痘。首先，要保持脸部清洁，勤洗脸可有效清除多余的油脂和污垢，预防痘痘的发生。其次，选择适合自己肤质的洁面产品，避免使用过于刺激的化妆品和洗面奶。此外，饮食方面，尽量避免辛辣食物、油炸食物和甜食，多摄取新鲜的水果和蔬菜，有助于调节体内代谢和免疫功能。最后，保持良好的心情和充足的睡眠，缓解压力，有助于皮肤的恢复和痘痘的减轻。
|
挤痘痘是不被推荐的行为。挤痘痘会增加痘痘区域的炎症反应，可能导致更加严重的感染和炎症。此外，挤破痘痘还容易造成疤痕留下和色素沉着等问题。如果您想要摆脱痘痘，最好的方法还是保持面部的清洁，坚持正确的护肤步骤，并采取适当的祛痘方法，如芦荟敷面等。如果痘痘问题较为严重或者经常复发，建议您咨询皮肤科专家的意见，获得更加个性化的治疗方案。
|
cmtmedqa/train.jsonl
|
chinese_medical_qa_家居健康
|
[
"感染"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does the location of the arterial input function affect quantitative CTP in patients with vasospasm?
|
In recent years, there has been increasing use of CTP imaging in patients with aneurysmal SAH to evaluate for vasospasm. Given the critical role of the arterial input function for generation of accurate CTP data, several studies have evaluated the effect of varying the arterial input function location in patients with acute stroke. Our aim was to determine the effect on quantitative CTP data when the arterial input function location is distal to significant vasospasm in patients with aneurysmal ...
|
Arterial input function placement distal to significant vasospasm does not affect the quantitative CTP data in the corresponding vascular territory or any other vascular territory in aneurysmal SAH.
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_unlabeled.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does collagenase-induced intrastriatal hemorrhage in rats result in long-term locomotor deficits?
|
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE. Previous studies have shown that injection of the metalloproteinase collagenase directly into the caudate nucleus of rats causes an intracerebral hemorrhage. The purpose of the present study is to determine functional deficits associated with a collagenase-induced hemorrhagic lesion of the striatum. Twelve adult rats received a 2-microL infusion of bacterial collagenase (0.5 U in saline) into the right striatum. The rotational response to apomorphine (1 mg/kg SC) administ...
|
We conclude that collagenase-induced intrastriatal hemorrhage results in long-term locomotor deficits and is therefore a useful model for developing and assessing therapeutic approaches for the restoration of neurological function after intracerebral hemorrhage.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"bacteria",
"uti",
"Bacteria"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Holocrine secretion is seen in...gland-
|
A. Salivary
B. Mammary
C. Sebaceous glands
D. Gastric
|
正确答案: B. Mammary
解释: Ans-Cimage A is holocrine type, B is merocrine type and C is apocrine type gland.
|
medmcqa/train.jsonl
|
med_exam_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
好的，我会根据医生的建议进行恢复和复诊的。非常感谢您的耐心解答！
|
对话历史:
问: 医生，我想问一下，处女膜手术的风险有多大？我听说有人做了也没什么问题，所以我也想尝试一下。我是26岁的女性。
答: 您好！处女膜手术的风险是存在的，虽然大部分情况下手术会比较安全，但还是需要对手术进行慎重考虑。手术风险的大小会受到多种因素的影响，比如手术技术的熟练程度、手术过程中的出血、感染以及麻醉的相关风险等。另外，不同个体的身体状况也会对手术风险有所影响。所以，在决定是否进行处女膜手术时，一定要与专业医生进行详细的咨询和评估，以便全面了解手术的风险和适用性。
问: 这么说来，处女膜手术还是存在一定的风险的。那么，除了手术风险，我还需要注意哪些事项呢？
答: 是的，除了手术风险，您还需要注意一些其他的事项。首先，选择一家专业的医院和资深的医生进行手术，这样能够降低手术风险。其次，手术前，医生会对您的身体状况进行评估，如果存在一些与手术相关的禁忌症或者其他健康问题，请及时告知医生。此外，手术后的恢复期也需要您注意，包括避免性生活、注意个人卫生、遵循医生的用药和护理建议等。总之，术前术后都要与医生保持良好的沟通，并遵循医生的建议，以便保证手术的安全和效果。
问: 谢谢医生的建议！我会再好好考虑一下。还有，手术一般需要多长时间才可以恢复呢？
答: 手术后的恢复时间会因个体差异而有所不同，一般来说，需要7到14天的时间。手术后的头一两天可能会有轻微的疼痛和不适感，但随着时间的推移，这些症状会逐渐减轻。在恢复期间，建议您避免过度劳累和激烈运动，尽量保持休息和健康饮食。手术后的一个月内，最好避免性生活，以免影响伤口的愈合。如果在恢复期间出现任何异常情况，如发烧、流血过多或感染，请及时就医。记得要按医生的要求进行复诊，以便医生能够根据您的恢复情况进行进一步的评估和指导。
|
不用客气，我很高兴能够为您解答疑惑。如果您还有其他问题，随时都可以向我咨询。祝您手术顺利，身体健康！
|
cmtmedqa/train.jsonl
|
chinese_medical_qa_整形美容
|
[
"感染"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Polyethylene abrasion: cause or consequence of an endoprosthesis loosening?
|
A non-destructive particle analysis using highly sensitive proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) was developed to achieve a better histological allocation. Five autopsy cases with firmly fitting hip endoprosthesis (2 x Endo-Modell Mark III, 1 x St. Georg Mark II, LINK, Germany; 2 x Spongiosa Metal II, ESKA, Germany) were prepared as ground tissue specimens. Wear investigations were accomplished with a combined application of different microscopic techniques and microanalysis. The abrasion due to ...
|
In the past a reduction of abrasion was targeted primarily by the optimisation of the bearing surfaces and tribology. The interpretation of our findings indicates that different mechanisms of origin in terms of tissue contamination with wear debris and the alloy should be included in the improvement of implants or implantation techniques.
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_unlabeled.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Could occupational physical activity mitigate the link between moderate kidney dysfunction and coronary heart disease?
|
Chronic kidney disease is now regarded as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The impact of occupational or non-occupational physical activity (PA) on moderate decreases of renal function is uncertain. We aimed to identify the potential association of PA (occupational and leisure-time) on early decline of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and to determine the potential mediating effect of PA on the relationship between eGFR and heart disease. From the PRIME study analyses were co...
|
Occupational PA (potential modifiable factors) could provide a dual role on early impairment of renal function, without influence on the relationship between early decrease of e-GFR and CHD risk.
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_unlabeled.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre",
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does stringent comparative sequence analysis reveal SOX10 as a putative inhibitor of glial cell differentiation?
|
The transcription factor SOX10 is essential for all stages of Schwann cell development including myelination. SOX10 cooperates with other transcription factors to activate the expression of key myelin genes in Schwann cells and is therefore a context-dependent, pro-myelination transcription factor. As such, the identification of genes regulated by SOX10 will provide insight into Schwann cell biology and related diseases. While genome-wide studies have successfully revealed SOX10 target genes, th...
|
Our computational strategy revealed a putative novel function for SOX10 in Schwann cells, which suggests a model where SOX10 activates the expression of genes that inhibit myelination during non-myelinating stages of Schwann cell development. Importantly, the computational and functional datasets we present here will be valuable for the study of transcriptional regulation, SOX protein function, and glial cell biology.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre",
"uti",
"culture"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Is cognitive function associated with body composition and nutritional risk of geriatric patients?
|
Most patients with dementia lose body weight over the course of the disease. Yet it is not known whether this weight loss is predominantly in the form of fat-free mass (FFM) or fat mass (FM), the latter of which one would expect if the weight loss were caused simply by a chronic decrease of energy intake. To determine body composition and nutritional risk in geriatric patients and their association with cognitive function. A retrospective, cross-sectional single-center database analysis. We anal...
|
Dementia patients seem to lose predominantly fat mass with weight loss. Female dementia patients are at a higher nutritional risk than male patients, presumably as a result of their different social situation in old age. That is why the nutritional state of female patients with dementia requires special attention.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre",
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does digital mammography in a decentralized breast cancer screening program lead to screening performance parameters comparable with film-screen mammography?
|
To evaluate if the screening performance parameters of digital mammography (DM) in a decentralized screening organization were comparable with film-screen mammography (FSM). A nationwide screening program was launched in 2001, and since 2005 screening with DM has been allowed. Firstly, the parameters of the three regional screening units (RSUs) that first switched to DM (11,355 women) were compared with the FSM period of the same three RSUs (23,325 women). Secondly, they were compared with the r...
|
DM can be introduced in a decentralized screening organization with a high CDR without increasing the RR.
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_unlabeled.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does limaprost alfadex improve myelopathy symptoms in patients with cervical spinal canal stenosis?
|
Myelopathy symptoms were prospectively studied in patients with cervical spinal canal stenosis (CSCS), using objective grading systems and stabilometry, to examine the effect of administration of prostaglandin E1 derivative limaprost alfadex (limaprost). Myelopathy scores/grades and stabilometry parameters were evaluated before, and 1 and 3 months after starting the limaprost treatment. Limaprost is a potent vasodilator and antiplatelet agent and has been used to treat the symptoms of lumbar spi...
|
The efficacy of oral limaprost administration for patients with CSCS was confirmed by objective scoring and quantitative data.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Are patients satisfied after peripheral nerve blockade?
|
Peripheral nerve blockade (PNB) is associated with superior outcomes compared with opioids; however, little is known regarding patients' perceptions of the care they have received. Patient satisfaction is emerging as an important indicator of quality of health care, and identifying deficiencies in discrete aspects of satisfaction may allow targeted interventions to improve quality. In this study, we analyze data relevant to patient satisfaction from the International Registry of Regional Anesthe...
|
A high proportion of survey respondents were willing to undergo repeat PNB in case of future surgery and were satisfied with their anesthetic care. Targeted interventions to improve quality of PNB should be aimed at improving comfort, information provision, and physician-patient interaction.
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_unlabeled.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does expression of the histo-blood group B gene predominate in AB-genotype cells?
|
It has been demonstrated that the 43-bp minisatellite sequence in the 5' region of the ABO gene plays an important role in its transcriptional regulation. It was determined in previous investigations that the structure of the minisatellite enhancer was specific to A, B, and O alleles. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection and a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) strategy were used to compare the quantities of the A and B transcripts in AB-genotype cells, including ...
|
Our study indicates that the majority of steady-state mRNA within AB-genotype cells is composed of the B transcript and that this phenomenon is due to the predominant expression of the B gene relative to the A gene.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"PCR",
"pcr"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Bezold ' s abscess is located in -
|
A. Submandibular region
B. Sternocleidomastoid
C. Digastric triangle
D. Infratemporal region
|
正确答案: A. Submandibular region
解释: Ans. is 'b' i.e., Sternomastoid muscle
|
medmcqa/train.jsonl
|
med_exam_qa
|
[
"abscess"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Is class II transactivator-mediated regulation of major histocompatibility complex class II antigen expression important for hematopoietic progenitor cell suppression by chemokines and iron-binding proteins?
|
Iron-binding proteins H-ferritin (HF) and lactoferrin (LF), as well as chemokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and interferon (IFN)-gamma suppress hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) proliferation. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens have been associated with suppressive effects of HF and LF. Because the transcription factor class II transactivator (CIITA) regulates expression of MHC class II antigens, we evaluated influences of CIITA and MHC class II antigens on supp...
|
Myelosuppressive effects of iron-binding proteins HF and LF and chemokines CCL3, CXCL5, and CXCL8 on mouse bone marrow HPC require expression of MHC class II antigens, and CIITA is involved in this responsiveness through its regulation of expression of MHC class II antigens.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does β-Elemene reverse Chemoresistance of Breast Cancer Cells by Reducing Resistance Transmission via Exosomes?
|
Currently, exosomes that act as mediators of intercellular communication are being researched extensively. Our previous studies confirmed that these exosomes contain microRNAs (miRNAs) that could alter chemo-susceptibility, which is partly attributed to the successful intercellular transfer of multidrug resistance (MDR)-specific miRNAs. We also confirmed that β-elemene could influence MDR-related miRNA expression and regulate the expression of the target genes PTEN and Pgp, which may lead to the...
|
Drug resistance can be reversed by β-elemene, which can alter the expression of some MDR-related miRNAs, including PTEN and Pgp in MCF-7/Adr and MCF-7/Doc in cells. It can therefore affect the exosome contents and induce the reduction of resistance transmission via exosomes.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"PCR",
"drug resistance",
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
该样本中占主导地位的微生物有哪些？存在哪些值得注意的结果？
|
样本ID: 4295
|
样本微生物组成分析：
**主要菌群组成：**
- Cutibacterium acnes (19.0%)
- Pan troglodytes (11.8%)
- Streptococcus mitis (5.8%)
- Chlorocebus aethiops (3.4%)
- Staphylococcus aureus (2.7%)
**多样性评估：**
- Shannon指数为3.985，表明菌群多样性非常高
- 物种丰富度：274个物种
**关键发现：**
- 菌群多样性良好，微生态平衡
- 优势菌含潜在致病属（Cutibacterium），需警惕
| null | null | null |
csv_analysis
|
4295
|
overview
|
basic
|
[
"Cutibacterium acnes (19.0%)",
"Pan troglodytes (11.8%)",
"Streptococcus mitis (5.8%)"
] |
该样本的主要微生物组成是什么？有哪些值得关注的发现？
|
Does excision of Ets by an inducible site-specific recombinase cause differentiation of Myb-Ets-transformed hematopoietic progenitors?
|
The Myb-Ets protein encoded by the E26 acute avian leukemia virus is a paradigm for the function of fused transcriptional activator oncoproteins. Myb-Ets transforms hematopoietic progenitor cells (myb-Ets progenitors, MEPs) that can be induced to differentiate into eosinophilic and myeloid cells by the activation of pathways involving Ras and/or protein kinase C. The Ets portion of the fusion protein seems to be required to maintain the multipotency of MEPs: MEPs transformed with a temperature-s...
|
Our results demonstrate the feasibility of using a site-specific recombinase to excise a fused oncoprotein domain encoded by a retrovirus. More specifically, they show that the Ets portion of the Myb-Ets protein selectively inhibits differentiation of MEPs along the erythroid lineage, and suggests that Ets is also required for their differentiation along the eosinophil and, possibly, myeloid lineages.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"virus"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
In a pregnant women of 28 weeks gestation IUD is earliest demonstrated on X-ray by :
|
A. Increased flexion
B. Overlapping of cranial bones
C. Spalding's sign
D. Gas in vessels
|
正确答案: C. Spalding's sign
解释: Gas in vessels
|
medmcqa/train.jsonl
|
med_exam_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
嗜麦芽糖寡养单胞菌的赖氨酸脱羧酶活性如何？该试验在细菌鉴定中有何作用？
|
嗜麦芽糖寡养单胞菌的赖氨酸脱羧酶阳性率为93%，即绝大多数菌株具有该酶活性。赖氨酸脱羧酶试验是肠杆菌科及非发酵菌鉴定中的重要生化指标之一。阳性结果可帮助区分嗜麦芽糖寡养单胞菌与其他氧化酶阴性、但赖氨酸脱羧酶阴性的革兰阴性杆菌。结合其他生化反应（如氧化酶阴性、麦芽糖利用阳性），可提高该菌种鉴定的准确性。
|
medllm-dataset-md-ocr/临床微生物学手册_上/临床微生物学手册_上.md
|
机制原理
| null |
llm_textbook
| null | null | null | null | null |
|
Which of these is a Nephritic syndrome?
|
A. Minimal change disease
B. Membranous Glomerulopathy
C. Post infectious Glomerulonephritis
D. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
|
正确答案: B. Membranous Glomerulopathy
解释: The nephritic syndrome is characterized by hematuria, oliguria with azotemia, proteinuria, and hypeension. The most common causes are immunologically mediated glomerular injury; lesions are characterized by proliferative changes and leukocyte infiltration. Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis typically occurs after streptococcal infection in children and young adults but may occur following infection with many other organisms; it is caused by deposition of immune complexes, mainly in the subepithelial spaces, with abundant neutrophils and proliferation of glomerular cells. Most affected children recover; the prognosis is worse in adults. Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) is a clinical entity with features of the nephritic syndrome and rapid loss of renal function. Nephrotic syndrome is caused by a derangement in glomerular capillary walls resulting in increased permeability to plasma proteins. The manifestations of the syndrome include: Massive proteinuria, with the daily loss of 3.5 gm or more of protein (less in children) Hypoalbuminemia, with plasma albumin levels less than 3 gm/dL Generalized edema Hyperlipidemia and lipiduria
|
medmcqa/train.jsonl
|
med_exam_qa
|
[
"cre",
"infection"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
检测到 Pseudomonas aeruginosa，丰度为 0.01%，请评估其临床意义。
|
样本ID: eZYZJ02-A001
|
Pseudomonas aeruginosa（铜绿假单胞菌）检测分析：
**1. 病原体特征**
- 检出丰度：0.01%
- 读数：833
- 致病类别：respiratory
- 临床风险等级：high
**2. 临床意义评估**
该菌丰度较低（<1%），可能为低水平定植或过路菌。若患者有相关症状，仍需警惕；若无症状，可随访观察。
**3. 建议措施**
1. 进行药敏试验指导用药
2. 根据感染部位选择合适抗菌方案
3. 密切监测治疗效果
| null | null | null |
csv_analysis
|
eZYZJ02-A001
|
pathogen
|
intermediate
|
[
"Pseudomonas aeruginosa"
] | null |
Does topical Tetracycline improve MC903-induced Atopic Dermatitis in Mice through Inhibition of Inflammatory Cytokines and Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin Expression?
|
Tetracycline (TET) has been found to have both antibiotic and anti-inflammatory properties. The anti-inflammatory effect of topical TET on atopic dermatitis (AD) has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential role of topical TET and its anti-inflammatory effects in a mouse model of AD. The 2% TET was applied topically to ears of MC903-induced AD-like BALB/c mice once a day. AD-like symptoms and severity were evaluated by assessing skin scoring of dermatitis, ear th...
|
Topical TET exerted anti-inflammatory effects through suppression of TSLP and inflammatory cytokines in AD mouse model, suggesting TET as a potential agent for the topical treatment of AD in the future.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"tetracycline",
"antibiotic"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
请分析样本 JXEY01A047 的微生物检测结果概况。
|
样本ID: JXEY01A047
|
根据样本 JXEY01A047 的微生物检测结果分析：
**一、样本基本信息**
- 总测序读数：39,144,959
- 检出物种数：1224
- Shannon多样性指数：4.66
- Simpson多样性指数：0.979
**二、优势菌群**
- Nocardioides agariphilus (6.7%)
- Lysobacter prati (5.9%)
- Ramlibacter humi (4.5%)
- Gluconacetobacter azotocaptans (3.6%)
- Ehrlichia minasensis (3.5%)
**三、检出病原体情况**
检出 12 种潜在病原体：
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Fusobacterium nucleatum
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Prevotella intermedia
- Campylobacter concisus
- Streptococcus pyogenes
- Treponema denticola
- Tannerella forsythia
- Cutibacterium acnes
- Enterococcus faecium
- Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
- Acinetobacter baumannii
**四、总体评估**
菌群多样性良好，微生态状态相对健康。
| null | null | null |
csv_analysis
|
JXEY01A047
|
overview
|
basic
|
[
"Nocardioides agariphilus (6.7%)",
"Lysobacter prati (5.9%)",
"Ramlibacter humi (4.5%)"
] | null |
Which one of the following is the example of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transpoer?
|
A. F0-F1 pump
B. SERCA in the skeletal muscle
C. SUR (sulfonylurea receptor) in pancreas
D. Band 3
|
正确答案: B. SERCA in the skeletal muscle
解释: ATP-dependent transpoers are of two types: ATPase ion transpoers ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transpoers. ABC transpo proteins have a motif in their amino acid sequence that is an ATP-binding cassette (ABC). ATPases are primary active transpoers or pumps; ABC transpoers can act as pumps, channels or regulators. Sulfonylurea is a class of anti-diabetic drugs; these drugs have receptors (SUR) on the pancreatic b-cell. SUR belongs to the ABC-C subfamily. ATPases are of 3 types ~ P-type, V-type, and F-type. SERCA is P-type ATPase. (P-type is also called E1-E2ATPase.) F0-F1 pump in the mitochondrial membrane is F-type ATPase. Band 3 protein is the Cl-/HCO3- exchanger (antipoer).
|
medmcqa/train.jsonl
|
med_exam_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
明白了，我会注意的。非常感谢医生的建议！
|
对话历史:
问: 医生，我得了前列腺炎，我听说有些西药可以治疗，请问前列腺炎的克星西药是什么？
答: 你好，前列腺炎确实可以通过西药进行治疗。根据你的病情，我可以推荐一些常用的西药给你。请问你是否有其他相关症状，比如尿频、尿急、尿痛等？
问: 我最近尿频尿急比较明显，而且尿痛也有时候会出现。还有，有时候排尿困难，尿流弱。
答: 根据你的症状，我可以给你推荐一些常用的前列腺炎治疗药物。对于轻度炎症，可以选择非处方药物，如α1-受体阻滞剂，常见的有特拉唑嗪和洛索洛尔。对于中度至重度前列腺炎，一般需要使用处方药物，如四环素类抗生素或喹诺酮类抗生素，例如诺氟沙星或左氧氟沙星。特殊情况下，可能需要使用其他抗生素或消炎药物，请务必在医生的指导下使用。
问: 我知道了，谢谢医生！除了药物治疗，还有其他方式可以缓解前列腺炎吗？
答: 是的，药物治疗只是前列腺炎的一种治疗方式。除了药物，你还可以尝试以下几种方式来缓解症状：首先，保持良好的生活习惯，如定时排尿、避免吃辛辣刺激食物。其次，注意保持身体的适度运动，合理锻炼可以促进血液循环，有助于缓解前列腺炎的症状。最后，注意保持心情愉快，避免过度紧张和焦虑，这对于缓解前列腺炎也有一定的帮助。
问: 好的，医生，谢谢您的建议！我会按照您说的去尝试的。有没有什么需要特别注意的地方？
答: 对于前列腺炎的治疗，还是建议你尽快到医院就诊，接受专业的诊断和治疗。同时，注意及时完成药物治疗的疗程，不要自行停药。如果症状没有明显好转或者出现其他不适，要及时向医生汇报。此外，请注意个人卫生，保持外部生殖器的清洁干燥，以避免感染的发生。
|
不客气，祝您早日康复！如果还有其他疑问，随时都可以向我提问。祝您身体健康！
|
cmtmedqa/train.jsonl
|
chinese_medical_qa_外科
|
[
"喹诺酮",
"抗生素",
"四环素"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Which of the following tests is not used in the diagnosis of insulinoma?
|
A. Fasting blood glucose
B. Xylose test
C. C-peptide levels
D. Insulin/Glucose Ratio
|
正确答案: A. Fasting blood glucose
解释: Ans. (b) Xylose testRef: Blumgart 5th edn- Page 936Tests for Insulinoma:* 72 hours Fasting Blood sugar and Insulin level (Gold Standard to diagnose)* Insulin: Glucose ratio >0.4 is consistent with insulinoma* Elevated Insulin Level (>5-10microunits/ml)* Increased Serum Pro insulin* Elevated C - Peptide levels* Absent Urinary or Plasma Sulfonyl urea's (to look for Drug induced hypoglycemic episodes)* IOC to localise preoperatively - Selective Venous Sampling after arterial Calcium infusion.* IOC to localise Intraoperatively - Intra OP USG
|
medmcqa/train.jsonl
|
med_exam_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does over-Expression of CD200 protect Mice from Dextran Sodium Sulfate Induced Colitis?
|
CD200:CD200 receptor (CD200R) interactions lead to potent immunosuppression and inhibition of autoimmune inflammation. We investigated the effect of "knockout"of CD200 or CD200R, or over-expression of CD200, on susceptibility to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis, a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Acute or chronic colitis was induced by administration of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in four groups of age-matched C57BL/6 female mice: (1) CD200-transgenic mice (CD200tg);...
|
The CD200:CD200R axis plays an immunoregulatory role in control of DSS induced colitis in mice.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"ELISA",
"PCR",
"elisa"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Is silent aspiration a risk factor for respiratory infection in Parkinson's disease patients?
|
To assess if silent aspiration is a risk factor for respiratory infection in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). From February 2006 to June 2006, 19 PD patients with diurnal sialorrhea were evaluated by swallow videofluoroscopy (VF). Two patients moved away and contact with them was lost. The other patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of penetration/aspiration and were followed up for 1 year. During this period, patients were assessed for airway infectio...
|
The results suggest that patients with Parkinson's disease with diurnal sialorrhea and SLP/SA have an increased risk of respiratory infections, which is the main cause of death in PD patients. The data support a greater emphasis on preventive interventions for silent aspirations and silent penetration to improve survival in patients with Parkinson's disease.
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_unlabeled.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre",
"infection",
"respiratory infection"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
A 45-year-old male presents to the emergency room for toe pain. He reports that his right great toe became acutely painful, red, and swollen approximately five hours prior. He has had one similar prior episode six months ago that resolved with indomethacin. His medical history is notable for obesity, hypertension, and alcohol abuse. He currently takes hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ). On physical examination, his right great toe is swollen, erythematous, and exquisitely tender to light touch. The patient is started on a new medication that decreases leukocyte migration and mitosis, and his pain eventually resolves; however, he develops nausea and vomiting as a result of therapy. Which of the following underlying mechanisms of action is characteristic of this patient’s new medication?
|
A. Inhibits microtubule polymerization
B. Prevents conversion of xanthine to uric acid
C. Decreases cyclooxygenase-induced production of prostaglandins
D. Metabolizes uric acid to water-soluble allantoin
|
正确答案: A. Inhibits microtubule polymerization
|
medqa/train.jsonl
|
med_exam_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit Bbeta promote MAP kinase-mediated migration of A431 cells?
|
Phosphatases are involved in regulation of MAP kinase (MAPK). A431 cells migrate on collagen after EGF stimulation using MAPK. To clarify the involvement of PP2A in this MAPK-dependent migration, the expression of an isoform of the B regulatory subunit was inhibited. An antisense sequence corresponding to Bbeta cDNA was transfected into A431 cells. Their migratory activity on collagen was examined using Transwell, and MAPK phosphorylation and phosphatase activity were measured, and the results w...
|
These results suggested that PP2A-Bbeta promotes cell migration through the MAPK cascade.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does synoptic reporting improve histopathological assessment of pancreatic resection specimens?
|
We examined whether introduction of a standardised pancreatic cancer minimum data set improved the reporting of key pathological features across multiple institutions. From seven different pathology departments that are members of the New South Wales Pancreatic Cancer Network, 109 free text reports and 68 synoptic reports were compared. AJCC stage could not be inferred from 44% of free text reports, whereas stage was reported in all 68 synoptic reports. In the free text reports 28 different name...
|
We conclude that synoptic reporting of pancreatic resections without any other intervention increases the information contained within histopathology reports. Therefore, the introduction of minimal data set synoptic reports is a simple and feasible mechanism to immediately improve reporting for pancreatectomy specimens.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre",
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
During pre-operative investigations, a man found to have positive serological results for HIV. Which of the following is highly specific test for HIV antibodies in this patient?
|
A. ELISA
B. Southern blot
C. Nohern blot
D. Western blot
|
正确答案: C. Nohern blot
解释: The Western blot test is used as a measure of specific HIV-1 antibodies to confirm a positive ELISA result. The criterion for a positive test is any two bands corresponding to p24, gp41, and gp120/160. The absence of bands is a negative result, whereas the presence of bands that do not meet the criterion for a positive test is an indeterminate result. False-positive and false-negative results are relatively uncommon. HIV-2-infected patients may give an unusual pattern on an HIV-1 Western blot; therefore, if HIV-2 is suspected, a separate HIV-2 Western blot is required. Ref: Brooks G.F., Carroll K.C., Butel J.S., Morse S.A., Mietzner T.A. (2013). Chapter 47. Principles of Diagnostic Medical Microbiology. In G.F. Brooks, K.C. Carroll, J.S. Butel, S.A. Morse, T.A. Mietzner (Eds), Jawetz, Melnick, & Adelberg's Medical Microbiology, 26e.
|
medmcqa/train.jsonl
|
med_exam_qa
|
[
"ELISA",
"HIV",
"elisa"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
TMP-SMX在肾移植受者中的预防作用及其潜在风险有哪些？
|
TMP-SMX（复方磺胺甲噁唑）广泛用于肾移植受者以预防耶氏肺孢子虫肺炎（PJP），同时也有效预防诺卡菌病和弓形虫病。尽管存在罕见副作用如急性间质性肾炎，以及可能引起肌酐短暂升高和高钾血症，但总体益处远大于风险。一些中心因担心肾功能波动而提前停药，但这会增加机会性感染风险。因此推荐持续预防至少6~12个月，必要时可用二线药物替代。维持TMP-SMX预防显著降低严重感染发生率，改善移植预后。
|
medllm-dataset-md-ocr/哈里森感染病学/哈里森感染病学.md
|
临床应用
| null |
llm_textbook
| null | null | null | null | null |
|
Is pyruvate superior to reverse visceral hypoperfusion in peritoneal resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock in rats?
|
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of pyruvate-containing fluids on peritoneal resuscitation (PR), following intravenous fluid resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock (HS) in rats. One hundred rats following 1-h HS with mean arterial pressure 35 ± 5 mmHg were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 10) in each of two comparable sets: group VR: intravenous resuscitation (VR) only and four groups with PR after VR: groups NS, LA, P1, and P2, resuscitated with normal saline, lacta...
|
Peritoneal resuscitation with hyperosmolar fluids attenuated visceral vasoconstriction and splanchnic hypoperfusion and improved the intestinal barrier protein and organ function following conventional fluid resuscitation from severe HS in rats. Pyruvate was superior to lactate in PDS as PR fluids, and 2.2% pyruvate was the optimal fluid in PR.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
请描述该样本的微生物组成概况，并指出其中值得关注的观察结果。
|
样本ID: 4031
|
样本微生物组成分析：
**主要菌群组成：**
- Phocaeicola vulgatus (21.1%)
- Bacteroides xylanisolvens (10.8%)
- Bacteroides faecis (6.8%)
- Lachnospira pectinoschiza (6.3%)
- Sutterella wadsworthensis (6.0%)
**多样性评估：**
- Shannon指数为3.423，表明菌群多样性良好
- 物种丰富度：276个物种
**关键发现：**
- 菌群多样性良好，微生态平衡
| null | null | null |
csv_analysis
|
4031
|
overview
|
basic
|
[
"Phocaeicola vulgatus (21.1%)",
"Bacteroides xylanisolvens (10.8%)",
"Bacteroides faecis (6.8%)"
] |
该样本的主要微生物组成是什么？有哪些值得关注的发现？
|
Does pseudomonas M162 confer protection against rainbow trout fry syndrome by stimulating immunity?
|
To evaluate the antagonistic effect of Pseudomonas M162 against Flavobacterium psychrophilum. The antagonistic activity of M162 was tested in vivo and in vitro, and its mode of action examined by siderophore production and immunological responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry. Pseudomonas M162 inhibited the growth of Fl. psychrophilum in vitro and increased the resistance of the fish against the pathogen, resulting in a relative per cent survival (RPS) of 39·2%. However, the sid...
|
This study showed the potential of Pseudomonas M162 as a probiotic by reducing the mortalities that occurred during an experimental Fl. psychrophilum infection, resulting mainly through the immunostimulatory effects of the bacterium.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre",
"infection",
"resistance"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does triiodothyronine stimulate 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in the porcine corpus luteum?
|
To study the mechanism of thyroid hormone action on the activity of 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the porcine corpus luteum. Pig ovaries were obtained from slaughterhouse animals. Luteal cells were isolated from mid-developing (5-7 days after ovulation) corpora lutea and incubated for 24 h with or without triiodothyronine. Trilostane, an inhibitor od 3beta-HSD that blocks the conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone, was added to the medium in doses of 0,0.1, 1, 10 and 100 micromol. Ea...
|
It was found that T3 acts on luteal cell steroidogenesis via the activation of 3beta-hydrosysteroid dehydrogenase in these cells.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre",
"culture"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does magnolol attenuate sepsis-induced gastrointestinal dysmotility in rats by modulating inflammatory mediators?
|
To investigate the protective effects of magnolol on sepsis-induced inflammation and intestinal dysmotility. Sepsis was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: magnolol prior to LPS injection (LPS/Mag group); vehicle prior to LPS injection (LPS/Veh group); vehicle prior to injection of saline (Control/Veh). Intestinal transit and circular muscle mechanical activity were assessed 12 h afte...
|
Magnolol prevents sepsis-induced suppression of intestinal motility in rats. The potential mechanism of this benefit of magnolol appears to be modulation of self-amplified inflammatory events and block of oxidative stress in the intestine.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"PCR",
"cre",
"pcr"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
根据该样本的菌群多样性指标，可以得出怎样的结论？是否存在微生物群落失调？
|
样本ID: 5626
|
菌群多样性分析：
**多样性指标解读：**
- Shannon指数：2.928
多样性良好，菌群结构相对平衡
- Simpson指数：0.877
均匀度高，物种分布较为均衡
- 物种丰富度：105种
**菌群平衡状态评估：**
菌群状态基本正常，持续监测即可。
**可能原因分析：**
- 当前无明显异常因素
| null | null | null |
csv_analysis
|
5626
|
interpretation
|
intermediate
|
[] |
该样本的菌群多样性指标表明什么？是否存在菌群失调？
|
我还有其他问题，想了解更多相关信息。
|
对话历史:
问: 您好，请问济南处女膜修复术选择哪家医院比较好？我应该怎么样选择？
答: 您好！对于处女膜修复术的选择，建议您考虑以下几个因素：
1. 医院的声誉和专业水平：选择有良好口碑和优秀专业技术的医院更有保障。
2. 医生的经验和资质：要选择有丰富经验和相关资质的专业医生进行手术。
3. 术后护理服务：了解医院是否提供术后的恢复指导和护理服务。
问: 我在济南，有没有推荐的医院？
答: 如果您在济南，有几家口碑较好的医院可以考虑：
1. 济南妇科医院：该医院拥有一支经验丰富的整形美容团队，可以为您提供专业的处女膜修复术服务。
2. 济南第一医院：该医院有一流的设施和技术，并且拥有一批资深医生，可以为您提供全方位的治疗。
问: 那我需要做哪些准备工作呢？
答: 在进行处女膜修复术之前，您需要做以下准备工作：
1. 前期咨询：与医生进行详细咨询，了解手术的具体内容和术后恢复情况。
2. 术前检查：医生会进行一些必要的检查，以确保您的身体状况适合手术。
3. 心理准备：对于手术的结果和术后的恢复过程，您需要做好充分的心理准备，理性对待。
问: 术后我需要注意些什么呢？
答: 术后需要注意以下几点：
1. 术后休息：手术后需要适当休息，避免过度劳累，有助于伤口的愈合。
2. 饮食调理：术后建议饮食清淡，避免辛辣食物和刺激性食品，有利于伤口的恢复。
3. 个人卫生：术后注意个人卫生，保持伤口干燥和清洁，避免感染。
|
非常欢迎您提问更多相关问题，我会尽力为您解答。请问还有其他方面的疑问吗？
|
cmtmedqa/train.jsonl
|
chinese_medical_qa_整形美容
|
[
"感染"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Do rare variants at 16p11.2 are associated with common variable immunodeficiency?
|
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is characterized clinically by inadequate quantity and quality of serum immunoglobulins with increased susceptibility to infections, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Only a few genes have been uncovered, and the genetic background of CVID remains elusive to date for the majority of patients. We sought to seek novel associations of genes and genetic variants with CVID. We performed association analyses in a discovery cohort of 164 patients ...
|
We report a novel association of CVID with rare variants at the FUS/ITGAM (CD11b) locus on 16p11.2. The association signal is enriched for promoter/enhancer markers in the ITGAM gene. ITGAM encodes the integrin CD11b, a part of complement receptor 3, a novel candidate gene implicated here for the first time in the pathogenesis of CVID.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre",
"infection",
"susceptibility"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
明白了，谢谢医生的解答！
|
对话历史:
问: 医生，我家宝宝出生后不久就发现了疝气，这是为什么呢？
答: 你好，疝气是一种常见的儿科疾病。宝宝患上疝气主要是由于腹股沟或脐部的肌肉缺陷导致腹部内的脏器脱出。这个缺陷可能在宝宝发育过程中出现，也可能是由于出生时腹肌没有完全闭合所致。
问: 那么，这个肌肉缺陷是怎么形成的呢？
答: 这个肌肉缺陷的形成原因还不完全清楚，可能与胎儿发育过程中的遗传因素有关。此外，早产儿、多胞胎妊娠、低出生体重等也可能增加患上疝气的概率。
问: 那我家宝宝得了疝气以后应该怎么办呢？
答: 如果宝宝被确诊为疝气，通常需要手术进行修补。手术是目前最常用也是最有效的治疗方法。手术过程中，医生会将腹股沟或脐部的肌肉缺陷修补起来，以防止脏器再次脱出。
问: 手术后需要注意什么呢？有哪些饮食上的限制吗？
答: 手术后，宝宝需要保持休息，避免剧烈运动和重物提起。饮食方面并没有特别的限制，但要注意给宝宝提供易于消化的食物，避免过度饱腹。如果宝宝术后出现发热、腹胀、呕吐等异常症状，请及时就诊。
问: 我还想了解一下，宝宝手术后恢复期大概是多久呢？
答: 宝宝的手术恢复期视手术方式和宝宝的身体状况而定。通常来说，宝宝在手术后的第二天可以从医院出院回家，但需要注意伤口的护理和避免感染。恢复期一般为1到2个星期，有些宝宝可能需要更长的时间才能完全恢复。
|
不客气，如果还有其他问题，请随时向我咨询。祝愿宝宝早日康复！
|
cmtmedqa/train.jsonl
|
chinese_medical_qa_儿科
|
[
"感染"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does 7-ketocholesteryl-9-carboxynonanoate enhance ATP binding cassette transporter A1 expression mediated by PPARγ in THP-1 macrophages?
|
ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is a member of the ATP-binding cassette transporter family. It plays an essential role in mediating the efflux of excess cholesterol. It is known that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) promoted ABCA1 expression. We previously found 7-ketocholesteryl-9-carboxynonanoate (oxLig-1) upregulated ABCA1 partially through CD36 mediated signals. In the present study, we intended to test if PPARγ signally is involved in the upregulation med...
|
These observations suggest that oxLig-1 is a novel PPARγ agonist, promoting ApoA-I-mediated cholesterol efflux from THP-1 macrophages by increasing ABCA1 expression via induction of PPARγ.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"ELISA",
"cre",
"elisa"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Is β carbonic anhydrase required for female fertility in Drosophila melanogaster?
|
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) are ubiquitous enzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration reaction of carbon dioxide. CAs are present as six structurally divergent enzyme families: α, β, γ, δ, ζ and η. β-CAs have a wide distribution across different species including invertebrates. Previously, we showed that Drosophila melanogaster β-CA is a highly active mitochondrial enzyme. In this study, we investigated the function of Drosophila β-CA by silencing the expression of the β-CA gene us...
|
These results indicate that although Drosophila β-CA is dispensable for survival of adult flies, it is essential for female fertility.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
检测到 Streptococcus pneumoniae，丰度为 0.90%，请评估其临床意义。
|
样本ID: JXEY06A007
|
Streptococcus pneumoniae（肺炎链球菌）检测分析：
**1. 病原体特征**
- 检出丰度：0.90%
- 读数：525,231
- 致病类别：respiratory
- 临床风险等级：high
**2. 临床意义评估**
该菌丰度较低（<1%），可能为低水平定植或过路菌。若患者有相关症状，仍需警惕；若无症状，可随访观察。
**3. 建议措施**
1. 进行药敏试验指导用药
2. 根据感染部位选择合适抗菌方案
3. 密切监测治疗效果
| null | null | null |
csv_analysis
|
JXEY06A007
|
pathogen
|
intermediate
|
[
"Streptococcus pneumoniae"
] | null |
明白了，谢谢您的解答！
|
对话历史:
问: 从小被火烧伤能修复好吗？
答: 您好！对于您从小被火烧伤的情况，一般情况下是可以进行修复的。不过具体能否完全修复，需要根据您的病情来确定。请问您有哪些具体的症状或困扰？
问: 我的眼皮还往上拉着，这种情况能修复吗？
答: 了解，您的眼皮往上拉着可能是由于火烧伤引起的眼睑上提。治疗上，我们可以考虑进行眼部整形手术来修复眼皮的外观和功能。不过，在决定是否进行手术之前，我们需要先进行详细的检查和评估，确定手术方案和预后。
问: 那我做手术会有什么风险吗？
答: 手术肯定会有一定的风险，例如手术后可能会出现感染、出血、局部肿胀等一些常见的并发症。但是，这些并发症的概率较低，通过术前评估和手术规范操作，可以尽量减小风险。此外，手术后也需要您配合医生的建议进行术后护理，以促进伤口的愈合和恢复。
问: 我40岁了，还能做这个手术吗？
答: 年龄并不是您是否适合手术的唯一因素。一般来说，40岁并不会被认为是手术的禁忌年龄，如果您身体健康且没有其他严重疾病的话，是可以考虑进行手术的。不过，在手术前还是建议您进行一次全面的身体检查，确保身体状况适合手术。
问: 那手术后需要注意些什么？
答: 手术后，您需要注意保持伤口的清洁，避免擦伤和碰撞。医生会为您开具一些术后护理指南，您需要按照指示进行伤口的护理和药物的使用。此外，手术后可能会有一些肿胀和淤血，这是正常的生理反应，通常会逐渐消退。如果出现异常状况，比如高烧、明显疼痛或伤口感染等，请尽快联系医生。
|
不客气！如果还有其他问题，随时都可以向我咨询。祝您早日康复！
|
cmtmedqa/train.jsonl
|
chinese_medical_qa_整形美容
|
[
"感染"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Death caused in suicide by household things in Japan is due to the production of: AI 12
|
A. Acidic solution
B. H2S
C. HCN gas
D. CO
|
正确答案: A. Acidic solution
解释: Ans. H2S
|
medmcqa/train.jsonl
|
med_exam_qa
|
[
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
流感病毒如何利用血凝素糖蛋白和M2通道蛋白协同完成细胞进入？
|
流感病毒的血凝素（HA）糖蛋白首先与宿主呼吸道上皮细胞表面的唾液酸受体结合，介导病毒吸附和内吞作用。病毒被内化为内涵体后，内涵体内pH下降，导致血凝素发生构象改变，暴露出位于其茎部的疏水融合肽，促使病毒包膜与内涵体膜融合，释放病毒基因组至细胞质。在此过程中，M2膜通道蛋白发挥关键作用：它作为一种质子通道，将H+从细胞质导入内涵体内部，进一步降低内涵体pH，促进血凝素的构象变化和膜融合效率。
|
medllm-dataset-md-ocr/哈里森感染病学/哈里森感染病学.md
|
机制原理
| null |
llm_textbook
| null | null | null | null | null |
|
Is increased release of soluble CD163 by the peripheral blood mononuclear cells associated with worse prognosis in patients with systemic sclerosis?
|
CD163 is a scavenger receptor which is exclusively expressed on monocytes/macrophages and participates in modulation of inflammatory response. We aimed to evaluate ex vivo production of soluble CD163 (sCD163) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with systemic sclerosis (scleroderma, SSc). Concentration of sCD163 was measured by commercially available ELISA kit in the PBMC suparnates from 23 SSc patients and 16 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC). Eighteen SSc patient...
|
We show, for the first time, that PBMC from SSc release significantly greater amounts of sCD163 than do PBMC from healthy subjects. Evaluation of sCD163 production by PBMC ex vivo may serve as a new biomarker of disease progression. Further studies are required to evaluate the role of sCD163 in the development of SSc.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"ELISA",
"cre",
"elisa"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Is iL1RN coding variant associated with lower risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome and increased plasma IL-1 receptor antagonist?
|
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) behaves as a complex genetic trait, yet knowledge of genetic susceptibility factors remains incomplete. To identify genetic risk variants for ARDS using large scale genotyping. A multistage genetic association study was conducted of three critically ill populations phenotyped for ARDS. Stage I, a trauma cohort study (n = 224), was genotyped with a 50K gene-centric single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. We tested SNPs associated with ARDS at P < 5 ×...
|
The IL1RN SNP rs315952C is associated with decreased risk of ARDS in three populations with heterogeneous ARDS risk factors, and with increased plasma IL1RA response. IL1RA may attenuate ARDS risk.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"ELISA",
"cre",
"elisa"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
明白了，如果出现这些早期症状，我们应该做什么措施来保护自己和他人的健康呢？
|
对话历史:
问: 医生，我虽然没有去过武汉，也没跟武汉人接触过，但是有时候不得不出门，就比较担心新冠肺炎的感染。这种病听说有潜伏期，那么一般多久会出现症状呢？
答: 您好！了解您的关注和担心。对于新冠肺炎的潜伏期，一般来说是2到14天不等。大部分患者在感染后5至6天会出现症状，但也有一些患者在感染后的潜伏期内没有出现明显症状，这就增加了防控工作的复杂性。
问: 哦，原来如此。那潜伏期内有没有一些早期的症状或者特征，以便我们能够尽早察觉？
答: 是的，有一些潜伏期的早期症状或特征可以被关注。一些常见的早期症状包括发热、咳嗽、喉咙痛、乏力、肌肉或关节疼痛等。此外，一些人可能会有胃肠道症状，如恶心、呕吐或腹泻。如果您出现了以上症状，尤其是有近期接触过疫情区域或病例的情况下，建议您及时就诊并告知医生相关信息。
|
非常重要的一点是，如果你有以上早期症状，要注意对自身和他人的保护。首先，应该戴好口罩，尽量避免接触他人，减少外出。另外，及时就医，遵循医生的指导进行检测和治疗，不擅自使用抗生素或抗病毒药物。此外，同时要注意个人卫生，频繁洗手，避免用手触摸口、鼻和眼睛等。这样可以很大程度上减少自身和他人的感染风险。
|
cmtmedqa/train.jsonl
|
chinese_medical_qa_传染病科
|
[
"抗生素",
"抗病毒药",
"病毒"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.