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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Does sulfhydration of p66Shc at cysteine59 mediate the antioxidant effect of hydrogen sulfide?
|
Mitochondrion is considered as the major source of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). H2S has been reported to be an antioxidant, but its mechanism remains largely elusive. P66Shc is an upstream activator of mitochondrial redox signaling. The aim of this study was to explore whether the antioxidant effect of H2S is mediated by p66Shc. Application of exogenous H2S with its donor, NaHS, or overexpression of its generating enzyme, cystathionine β-synthase, induced sulfhydration of p66Shc,...
|
H2S inhibits mitochondrial ROS production via the sulfhydration of Cys-59 residue, which in turn, prevents the phosphorylation of p66Shc.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does 5-Hydroxytryptamine enhance L-type calcium current in norepinephrine-induced hypertrophic ventricular myocytes?
|
To study the effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) on L-type calcium current (ICa) in norepinephrine (NE)-induced hypertrophic ventricular myocytes. Left ventricular hypertrophy was induced by injecting NE intraperitoneally in rats. The single myocytes were isolated enzymatically from left ventricle. ICa was recorded with the whole-cell configuration of the patch-cl amp technique. (1) The ratio of left heart weight to body weight (LHW/BW) was higher (P < 0.01) in the NE-treated rats compared wit...
|
5 -HT increased ICa in ventricular myocytes by changing the kinetics of steady-st ate inactivation. A larger alteration of ICa induced by 5-HT i n hypertrophic ventricular myocytes suggests that 5-HT be more prone to induce arrhythmia in hypertrophic heart than in normal one.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does [ Contribution of platelet concentrate to oral and maxillo-facial surgery ]?
|
We evaluated the clinical contribution of platelet concentrates to oral and maxillo-facial surgery. This bibliographic research was made using the PubMed MeSH database with the following keywords: "platelet rich fibrin" (PRF), "platelet rich plasma" (PRP), "bone", "facial bone", "dental implant", and "blood platelet". The research was made without any date or language limitation since English summaries were available. All summaries were read to evaluate the relevance of the article. Only origina...
|
PRF or PRP clinical benefit has not been clearly demonstrated yet. French regulations relative to their use should be clarified.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Is hyponatraemia an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality?
|
Hyponatraemia increases morbidity and mortality, but the extent to which this condition influences mortality independently of other contributing factors is unclear. All hyponatremic patients admitted to the internal medicine department during a six month period were included. Medical records were reviewed and patients' demographics, underlying disease, cause of hyponatremia and in-hospital deaths were noted. Control group consisted of patients with normonatremia admitted to the same department d...
|
Hyponatraemia represents independent factor associated with in-hospital mortality. Age above 65 years, failure to correct hyponatremia and some specific etiologic factors of hyponatremia are related to increased mortality.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre",
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does preoperative thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2 receptor activity predict early graft thrombosis?
|
This study was carried out to determine whether early failure of infrainguinal bypass grafts is associated with increased expression of platelet thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2 (TXA2/PGH2) receptors. A prospective correlation of preoperative platelet TXA2/PGH2 receptor-mediated activity with lower extremity graft patency was sought. Twenty-five patients who underwent infrainguinal bypass surgery for limb salvage were studied at an inpatient academic tertiary referral center and Department of Vet...
|
Elevated platelet TXA2/PGH2 receptor levels and enhanced sensitivity of platelet aggregation to TXA2 predict early arterial graft thrombosis. Specific TXA2/PGH2 receptor antagonism may prevent one of the mechanisms that contributes to early graft occlusion.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Drug causing Reye syndrome:
|
A. Celecoxib
B. Aspirin
C. Diclofenac
D. Paracetamol
|
正确答案: A. Celecoxib
解释: Ans. B. AspirinAspirin is non-selective irreversible COX inhibitor.it has antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Aspirin is known to cause salicylism in adults. It is contraindicated in children who are less than 12 years as they are at increased risk of Reye syndrome which include diarrhea, vomiting, seizure and loss of consciousness.
|
medmcqa/train.jsonl
|
med_exam_qa
|
[
"diarrhea",
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Inorganic phase of the composite aids in
|
A. Increasing mechanical strength
B. Decreasing the coefficient of thermal expansion
C. reducing the polymerization shrinkage
D. all of the above
|
正确答案: C. reducing the polymerization shrinkage
|
medmcqa/train.jsonl
|
med_exam_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
过氧乙酸作为灭菌剂有哪些优点和局限性？
|
过氧乙酸是一种FDA认可的高效灭菌剂，具有强氧化能力，可在较低温度（约50℃）下快速杀灭包括芽孢在内的所有微生物，适用于热敏感器械如弹性内镜的灭菌。其分解产物为醋酸、水和氧气，环境友好且无毒性残留。然而，其局限性包括：对金属有一定腐蚀性（需添加抗腐蚀剂）、有刺激性气味、储存稳定性较差；同时，灭菌效果受有机物干扰显著，若器械未充分预清洗则可能导致灭菌失败。此外，在缺乏标准化生物监测系统的情况下，难以完全验证其实际灭菌效能。
|
medllm-dataset-md-ocr/临床微生物学手册_上/临床微生物学手册_上.md
|
概念解释
| null |
llm_textbook
| null | null | null | null | null |
|
Pancreatic resection in the elderly : Is the risk justified?
|
Due to demographic changes and improved diagnostic and therapeutic options surgery in the elderly is an essential field of discussion in medicine. Working groups are becoming increasingly more concerned with the question whether old age is a risk factor for complex surgical procedures. This study was carried out to help assess and evaluate the risk of pancreatic resection in the elderly. In a retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database of pancreatic resections, data from a 4-ye...
|
Pancreatic resection in elderly patients> 75 years is justified because of the very low surgical morbidity and mortality which can now be achieved in experienced centers if comorbidities of patients are taken into account in the decision-making process. The age per se does not constitute a contraindication.
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_unlabeled.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre",
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Is the relationship between plasma adiponectin concentration and insulin resistance altered in smokers?
|
Low plasma adiponectin concentrations in smokers may contribute to the adverse consequences that occur in these individuals. The objective of the study was to define the relationship among smoking, plasma adiponectin concentrations, insulin resistance, and inflammation. This was a cross-sectional, observational study with a 2 x 2 factorial design and a prospective longitudinal arm. The study was conducted at a general clinical research center. Apparently healthy smokers (n = 30) and nonsmokers (...
|
Plasma adiponectin concentrations are lower in smokers and IR subjects and are unrelated to CRP concentrations. These findings suggest that low levels of adiponectin in smokers may be independent of both insulin resistance and a generalized inflammatory response.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre",
"resistance"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
The risk factor association of pancreatic cancer was studied in a case control study. The values of the odds ratio and the confidence interval for various risk factors are as below: Risk factors Odds ratio 95% confidence limit A 2.5 1 - 3 B 1.4 l .1 - 1.7 C 1.6 0.9 -1.7 Which is true:
|
A. Risk A has strongest association with pancreatic cancer
B. Risk B has the strongest association
C. Risk C has the strongest association
D. All three are equally associated
|
正确答案: A. Risk A has strongest association with pancreatic cancer
解释: Risk B has the strongest association [Ref: http://www.thedoctorsdoctorcom/labtests/statistics.htm Odds ratio is a measure of the strength of the association between risk factor and the outcome. It is used to assess the risk of a paicular outcome (or disease) if a ceain factor (or exposure) is present. The odds ratio is a relative measure of risk, telling us how much more likely it is that someone who is exposed to the factor under study will develop the outcome as compared to someone who is not exposed. Odds ratio is the ratio of the odds that a case was exposed to the odds that a control was exposed. Odds ratio = = It can vary from 0 to infinity. For example: The data in the table below is information about infant bih weights and moality among white infants in New York City in 1974. Dead Alive Total Low bih wt. 618 4,597 5,215 Norm bih wt. 422 67,093 67,515 Total 1,040 71,690 72,730 The odds ratio for death in one year is OR= This odds ratio illustrates that moality is far more likely in the low bih weight group Internreating Odd's Ratios In order to interperate the odds ratio we need to calculate a confidence interval. We can say that a proposed risk factor acts as a significant risk to disease if the odds ratio is greater than one and the lower bound of the confidence interval does not include 1. Confidence interval The 95% confidence interval (or 95% confidence limits) would include 95% of results from studies of the same size and design in the same population. This is close but not identical to saying that the true size of the effect (never exactly known) has a 95% chance of falling within the confidence interval. If the 95% confidence interval for a relative risk (RR) or an odds ratio (OR) includes 1, then this is taken as no evidence of an effect. The practical advantages of a confidence interval (rather than a P value) is that they present the range of likely effects. Odds Ratio 95% confidence interval does not include 1 Interpretation 1 Yes No association >1 Yes Positive association between exposure and outcome at the 5% significance level (the odds of exposure is greater in cases than in controls) <1 Yes Negative association between exposure and outcome at the 5% significance level (the odds of exposure is smaller in cases than controls) 95% confidence interval does include 1 Association of exposure and outcome is not proved by the study at the 5% significance level An odds ratio of 1 indicates that a person with the disease is no more likely to have been exposed to the risk factor than is a person without the disease, suggesting that the risk factor is not related to the disease. An odds ratio of 1 implies that the event is equally likely in both groups. An odds ratio of less than 1 indicates that a person with the disease is less likely to have been exposed to the risk factor than is a person without the disease, implying that the proposed risk factor may actually be a protective factor against the disease. An odds ratio of more than 1 indicates that the person with disease is more likely to have been exposed to the risk factor than a person without the disease, meaning there is association between the disease and the risk factor.
|
medmcqa/train.jsonl
|
med_exam_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does infection with a periodontal pathogen induce procoagulant effects in human aortic endothelial cells?
|
Multiple studies have demonstrated a link between periodontal infections and vascular disease. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a major periodontal pathogen, has been shown to adhere to and invade endothelial cells. In order to dissect mechanisms underlying these observations, we assessed the role of P. gingivalis infection in modulating properties of endothelial cells linked to atherothrombosis. Primary human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) were infected with either P. gingivalis 381 or its non-invasi...
|
Taken together these data demonstrate for the first time that infection with a periodontal pathogen induces procoagulant responses in HAEC.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre",
"bacteria",
"infection"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Do serum matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-3 levels in dialysis patients vary independently of CRP and IL-6 levels?
|
Patients on chronic hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis often develop an inflammatory state that causes morbidity and mortality. Cross-sectional studies of dialysis patients have determined that C-reactive protein (CRP) is a predictor of morbidity. Little is known as to whether CRP, cytokines, such as IL-6 and IL-1beta that stimulate the synthesis of CRP, or matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are markers of inflammation in patients on dialysis. We assayed by ELISA serum levels of MMP-2, MMP-3, IL-...
|
The data indicate that there are measurable differences in the expression of MMPs within the dialysis patient population. Because dialysis can be associated with local and systemic inflammation, increased levels of MMP-3 in the hemodialysis group may be a reflection of gene stimulation induced by inflammatory cytokines and should be considered as a marker of chronic, local inflammation.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"ELISA",
"cre",
"elisa"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does tetracycline conditioning augment the in vivo inflammatory response induced by cementum extracts?
|
Studies have shown that extracts of cementum from periodontally involved teeth stimulated cytokine secretion from cultured human monocytes and that this stimulatory effect is inhibited by conditioning of the cementum with tetracycline. Using the subcutaneous chamber model in mice, the present study was designed to test the ability of cementum extracts from periodontally diseased teeth to induce an inflammatory response in vivo and to evaluate the effect of cementum conditioning with tetracycline...
|
The present results demonstrate that conditioning of diseased cementum with tetracycline may induce an intense inflammatory response in a mouse model, and they suggest that local application of tetracycline for root conditioning should be carefully reinvestigated.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre",
"tetracycline",
"culture"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Are lewy bodies increased in progressive supranuclear palsy compared with normal controls?
|
To determine the frequency of Lewy bodies (LB) in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). LB are characteristic of PD, but are also found in normal controls and in other neurodegenerative diseases, especially AD. The authors evaluated the brains of 72 consecutive cases of pathologically confirmed PSP and 98 normal controls, ranging in age from 60 to 100 years, with immunohistochemistry for alpha-synuclein. LB and Lewy neurites were found in 13 cases of PSP, with the most numerous LB and Lewy neuri...
|
In contrast to increased frequency of LB in AD, there is no apparent interaction between LB and the tau pathology in PSP.
结论: no
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre",
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
pANCA positive vasculitis is
|
A. Wegener's granulomatosis
B. Churg - Strauss syndrome
C. Polyaeritis nodosa
D. All of the above
|
正确答案: A. Wegener's granulomatosis
解释: Answer- b. Churg - Strauss syndromePANCATypically found in:MicroscopicpolyangiitisChurg-StrausssyndromeIdiopathiccrescenticglomerulonephritisGoodpasteur'ssyndrome.pANCA's are also associated with ceain non-vasculitic entities such as ceain rheumatic and nonrheumatic autoimmune diseases, Inflammatory bowel diseases, ceain drugs. Infections such as endocarditis and bacterial airway infection in patients with cystic fibrosis
|
medmcqa/train.jsonl
|
med_exam_qa
|
[
"cre",
"bacteria",
"infection"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Do silicone nasal septal splints with integral airway reduce postoperative eustachian tube dysfunction?
|
This study aims to compare the effects of Merocel nasal packs and silicone nasal septal splints with integral airway on the ventilation and pressure of the middle ear when applied intranasally after septoplasty for isolated septal deviation. A prospective, randomized trial. A tertiary referral center. Fifty-one patients who underwent septoplasty for nasal respiratory impairment caused by septal deviation were randomized into 2 groups. After septoplasty, bilateral anterior Merocel nasal packs wer...
|
Because they allow inhalation through the nose and cause less Eustachian tube dysfunction than Merocel, using silicone nasal septal splints with integral airway instead of packing after septoplasty seems a more reasonable option.
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_unlabeled.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
检测到 Campylobacter concisus，丰度为 0.21%，请评估其临床意义。
|
样本ID: JXEY02C033
|
Campylobacter concisus（简明弯曲杆菌）检测分析：
**1. 病原体特征**
- 检出丰度：0.21%
- 读数：186,541
- 致病类别：oral
- 临床风险等级：low
**2. 临床意义评估**
该菌丰度较低（<1%），可能为低水平定植或过路菌。若患者有相关症状，仍需警惕；若无症状，可随访观察。
**3. 建议措施**
1. 结合临床症状评估
2. 必要时进行药敏试验
3. 动态监测菌量变化
| null | null | null |
csv_analysis
|
JXEY02C033
|
pathogen
|
intermediate
|
[
"Campylobacter concisus"
] | null |
The antiviral drug used for treatment of cytomeglovirus retinitis is:
|
A. Acyclovir
B. Ganciclovir
C. Triflurothymidine
D. All of the above
|
正确答案: A. Acyclovir
解释: Ans. Ganciclovir
|
medmcqa/train.jsonl
|
med_exam_qa
|
[
"antiviral",
"virus"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Most common benign tumor of larynx in a child between 2-5 years is
|
A. Chondroma
B. Infantile hemangioma
C. Scleroma
D. Juvenile laryngeal papilloma
|
正确答案: C. Scleroma
解释: SQUAMOUS PAPILLOMAS They can be divided into (i) juvenile and (ii) adult-onset types. 1. JUVENILE PAPILLOMATOSIS (SYN. RESPIRATORY PAPILLOMATOSIS) Juvenile papillomatosis is the most common benign neoplasm of the larynx in children. It is viral in origin and is caused by human papilloma DNA virus type 6 and 11. It is presumed that affected children got the disease at bih from their mothers who had vaginal human papilloma virus disease. Papillomas mostly affect supraglottic and glottic regions of larynx but can also involve subglottis, trachea and bronchi. Clinical features:- Patient, often a child, between the age of 3 and 5 years presents with hoarseness or aphonia with respiratory difficulty or even stridor. Diagnosis:- Diagnosis is made by flexible fibreoptic laryngoscopy and later confirmed by direct laryngoscopy and biopsy. Papillomas are known for recurrence but rarely undergo malignant change. Ref:- Dhingra; pg num:-305
|
medmcqa/train.jsonl
|
med_exam_qa
|
[
"virus"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does patch test result in patients with allergic contact dermatitis in the Podlasie region?
|
The aim of the study was to provide current data on the incidence of allergy to various contact allergens in patients with allergic contact eczema and the analysis of selected socio-demographic data of the patients. The study included 1532 patients (1010 women and 522 men) treated for allergic contact dermatitis at the Department of Dermatology and Venereology and at the Dermatology Outpatient Clinic in Bialystok in 2007-2011. The assessment of selected demographic data and skin lesions was base...
|
Frequent allergy to detreomycin indicates the need of patch testing for this allergen of all examined patients with allergic contact dermatitis. The increased frequency of the nickel allergy is a worrying problem and indicates the need for education about the risk factors for nickel allergy development and the implementation of appropriate legal regulations.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
好的，谢谢医生的建议！
|
对话历史:
问: 我最近出现了新冠的症状，但是经过一段时间的治疗后，我转阴了。可是最近我又感觉有些不舒服了，是不是又复阳了呢？
答: 你好，感谢你咨询。关于新冠的症状和转阴复阳问题，我可以给你一些建议。对于新冠的轻症病例，有时病毒会被杀死或者病毒载量减少而转阴，但也有可能因为病毒变异导致疫苗的保护效果减弱。复阳可能是因为病人体内的病毒无法复制，但仍有剩余的病毒存在于血液中，这种人可能会再次感染病毒。所以，如果你最近又出现了不舒服的症状，建议你及时就医并接受专业的治疗。
问: 我现在应该怎么办呢？
答: 如果你出现了新冠的症状，并且又复阳了，我建议你立即就医，尽早寻求专业的医疗帮助。你可以去当地的定点医院，医生会根据你的症状和体检结果给出相应的治疗方案。同时，在治疗过程中，还请注意遵医嘱，避免使用过度抗生素或抗病毒药物，以免导致病毒变异或免疫系统受损。另外，要保持良好的个人卫生习惯，避免与他人密切接触，以减少病毒的传播。
问: 我应该怎样预防新冠病毒的再次感染呢？
答: 预防新冠病毒的再次感染，你可以采取以下几点措施。首先，保持良好的个人卫生习惯，如勤洗手、戴口罩、避免触摸面部等。其次，尽量避免与有症状或可能被感染的人近距离接触，保持社交距离。另外，注意室内通风，保持空气流通。此外，定期进行核酸检测，特别是在有接触风险的情况下。最后，如果可以接种新冠疫苗，也是有效的预防措施之一。你可以咨询医生获取更多详细信息。
|
不客气，祝你早日康复！如果还有其他问题，随时向我咨询。祝你健康！
|
cmtmedqa/train.jsonl
|
chinese_medical_qa_内科
|
[
"抗生素",
"抗病毒药",
"病毒"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
霍乱弧菌在当前印度分离株中的主要耐药性特征是什么？
|
根据文献补充说明b，目前从印度分离的大多数霍乱弧菌菌株表现出对抗生素的抗性，即为抗性株。这一现象可能与当地抗生素的广泛使用或滥用有关，导致菌株通过基因突变或获得耐药基因（如位于质粒或转座子上的耐药元件）而发展出耐药性。临床治疗时应进行药敏试验以指导合理用药，避免经验性使用已产生高耐药率的抗生素。
|
medllm-dataset-md-ocr/临床微生物学手册_上/临床微生物学手册_上.md
|
临床应用
| null |
llm_textbook
| null | null | null | null | null |
|
Do medial amygdala lesions differentially influence stress responsivity and sensorimotor gating in rats?
|
The amygdala is involved in the coordination of stress but is also an important gatekeeper involved in the regulation of vigilance. The amygdala is structurally complex, consisting of several nuclei with specific functions in the affective response to environmental stimuli. There are indications that the medial amygdaloid nucleus may be a pivotal player in acute responses to emotional environmental stimuli. The present study therefore aimed to study the effects of bilateral electrolytic lesions ...
|
The present study suggests that the medial amygdala is an important player in response to acute environmental stimuli. Decreased unconditioned psychological stress responses were found, whereas LES was enhanced and sensorimotor processing was disrupted. However, considering the existing data on basolateral amygdala involvement in PPI and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis involvement in LES, local infusion studies into the MeA should be performed to further substantiate these findings.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
在血管导管相关血流感染（CRBSI）中，如何通过血培养结果进行诊断？
|
诊断血管导管相关血流感染（CRBSI）推荐同时采集中心静脉导管（CVC）和外周血培养。若中心导管血培养阳性时间比外周血早≥2小时（DTP ≥2小时），则支持CRBSI的诊断。此外，当血培养分离出金黄色葡萄球菌、里昂葡萄球菌或耐甲氧西林表皮葡萄球菌（MRSE）时，应高度怀疑导管来源感染，通常不推荐尝试挽救导管。
|
medllm-dataset-md-ocr/热病桑福德抗微生物治疗指南/热病桑福德抗微生物治疗指南.md
|
诊断
| null |
llm_textbook
| null | null | null | null | null |
|
One of the following is a side effect of clofazimine used in leprosy therapy – a) Hyperpigmentationb) Erythemac) Discoloration of body secretionsd) Macular rash
|
A. a
B. ac
C. ad
D. b
|
正确答案: A. a
解释: Adverse effects of clofazimine
1. Skin → Reddish-black discolouration of skin, dryness of skin and itching, Discolouration of hair and body secretions, acneform eruptions and phototoxicity, conjuctival pigmentation.
2. GIT → Enteritis with loose stools, nausea, abdominal pain, anorexia and weight loss.
|
medmcqa/train.jsonl
|
med_exam_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does the presence or location of graphic markers affect untrained listeners' ratings of severity of dysphonia?
|
To determine the effect of presence and location of severity labels for different types of visual analog scales (VAS) on overall severity (OS) ratings in dysphonic speech. Experimental, between group comparisons. Dysphonic and normal voice samples from male and female speakers were presented to inexperienced listeners for judgments of OS. To rate samples, listeners used an undifferentiated 100-mm VAS labeled at the extremes, a VAS with nonlinearly distributed labels as in the "beta" version of t...
|
The presence and placement of labels on VAS did not significantly affect OS ratings overall, but values were significantly lower when rating female voices with the nonlinearly labeled VAS. Results indicate that professionals should specify the scale type used for rating OS and use scales consistently when comparing voices.
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_unlabeled.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does fMRI show atypical language lateralization in pediatric epilepsy patients?
|
The goal of this study was to compare language lateralization between pediatric epilepsy patients and healthy children. Two groups of subjects were evaluated with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) by using a silent verb-generation task. The first group included 18 pediatric epilepsy patients, whereas the control group consisted of 18 age/gender/handedness-matched healthy subjects. A significant difference in hemispheric lateralization index (LI) was found between children with epileps...
|
This study shows that epilepsy during childhood is associated with neuroplasticity and reorganization of language function.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
非常感谢医生的耐心解答和建议，我会注意遵循的。
|
对话历史:
问: 您好，我最近患有前列腺炎，想咨询一下该吃什么药比较好？饮食方面有什么需要注意的吗？我是一个41岁的男性。
答: 您好，首先针对前列腺炎的治疗，我们需要进行一些检查，比如化验前列腺液，以确定是否存在细菌感染或者无菌性前列腺炎。如果是细菌感染引起的化脓性前列腺炎，您可以选择敏感的抗生素进行治疗。常见的选择包括诺氟沙星胶囊和阿奇霉素片，此外还有前列康片可以辅助治疗。
问: 谢谢医生的回答。除了药物治疗，还有其他的建议吗？
答: 除了药物治疗，您还可以尝试一些其他的方法来缓解前列腺炎的症状。首先，保持良好的生活习惯，如规律作息、适度运动，避免久坐不动。其次，注意饮食方面，前列腺炎患者最好避免食用辛辣食品、海鲜类食物和容易引发过敏的食物，避免刺激前列腺。
问: 我平时有吃一些保健品，特别是一些维生素补充剂，这对前列腺炎有帮助吗？
答: 对于维生素和保健品的补充，目前并没有足够的科学证据表明对前列腺炎的治疗有明显的帮助。如果您想尝试，建议您咨询专业医生的建议，避免过度依赖保健品。
问: 我明白了，谢谢医生的建议。还有其他需要特别注意的事项吗？
答: 除了以上提到的治疗和饮食建议，前列腺炎患者还应该避免房事过频，保持正常的性生活节奏，避免长时间憋尿和饮酒过量。另外，保持心情愉快，避免过度疲劳，也有助于康复。如果您的症状没有得到缓解，建议及时就医进行进一步的检查和治疗。
|
不客气，希望您早日康复！如果还有其他问题，随时向我咨询。祝您身体健康！
|
cmtmedqa/train.jsonl
|
chinese_medical_qa_男科
|
[
"抗生素",
"感染",
"细菌"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
A previously healthy 36-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of a progressively worsening headache for 5 days. She vomited twice after waking up this morning. She does not smoke or drink alcohol. She is sexually active with one male partner and uses an oral contraceptive. Her temperature is 37.5°C (99.5°F), pulse is 105/min, and blood pressure is 125/80 mm Hg. Examination shows tearing of the right eye. The pupils are equal and reactive to light; right lateral gaze is limited. Fundoscopic examination shows bilateral optic disc swelling. The remainder of the examination shows no abnormalities. An MR venography of the head shows a heterogeneous intensity in the left lateral sinus. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
|
A. Administer dalteparin
B. Administer intravenous antibiotics
C. Measure D-dimer levels
D. Perform endovascular thrombolysis
|
正确答案: A. Administer dalteparin
|
medqa/train.jsonl
|
med_exam_qa
|
[
"antibiotic"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
我家宝宝2岁，最近肚子痛一直持续，有什么办法可以缓解一下吗？
|
对话历史:
问: 医生，我想知道宝宝肚子痛有哪些提示？有什么具体的症状呢？
答: 宝宝肚子痛可能有很多原因引起，常见的症状包括：腹部疼痛、腹泻、恶心、呕吐、食欲不振等。另外，宝宝可能还会表现出腹部胀气、乏力、精神不振等症状。这些都是宝宝肚子痛的一些常见提示。
问: 那要怎样判断宝宝的肚子痛是什么原因引起的呢？
答: 要确定宝宝肚子痛的原因，首先需要了解宝宝的年龄、性别、疼痛发生的部位、持续的时间、伴随的其他症状等。此外，还需要关注宝宝的饮食习惯、排便情况以及最近是否有受凉感冒等情况。这些信息可以帮助医生判断肚子痛是由肠胃感染、消化不良、便秘或其他疾病引起的。因此，如果宝宝肚子痛持续或加重，建议及时咨询医生进行进一步检查和诊断。
|
对于宝宝肚子痛，根据具体原因采取相应的缓解方法可以帮助减轻不适。但在给予具体建议之前，建议您先咨询医生进行详细的问诊和体检，以确定导致肚子痛的具体原因。
万一只是轻微的消化不良，您可以尝试以下缓解方法：
1. 饮食调整：给宝宝喂食清淡易消化的食物，避免食用油腻、辛辣的食物。尽量避免给宝宝吃较多的奶制品、高纤维食物和含大量嘌呤的食物。
2. 保持宝宝排便通畅：确保宝宝有足够的饮水，并尽量多给宝宝摄入水果和蔬菜，以促进肠道蠕动，缓解便秘和胀气。
3. 适度活动：适当带宝宝出去活动，可以有助于缓解肠胃不适。
但请注意，这些方法只是一般的建议，并不一定适用于所有情况。具体治疗方法仍需在医生指导下进行。
|
cmtmedqa/train.jsonl
|
chinese_medical_qa_儿科
|
[
"腹泻",
"感染"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does intra-operative deep brain stimulation of the periaqueductal grey matter modulate blood pressure and heart rate variability in humans?
|
Deep brain stimulation applied to the periaqueductal grey matter (PAG) of the midbrain in humans has been shown to increase or decrease arterial blood pressure during rest and to resist the postural fall on standing. The mechanism by which this effect is elicited is unknown. We hypothesize that PAG stimulation modulates performance of the autonomic nervous system. Five consecutive male patients of a mean age of 49.1 years underwent PAG stimulation for intractable pain syndromes. Intra-operat...
|
PAG stimulation modulates autonomic nervous system activity and thereby elicits changes in cardiovascular performance. Understanding of the mechanisms by which this therapy causes cardiovascular modulation will inform future innovation in this field with the aim of improving the efficacy and safety of patient treatment options.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre",
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does dopamine treatment of postischemic contractile dysfunction rapidly induce calcium-dependent pro-apoptotic signaling?
|
Ischemia and adrenergic stimulation of cardiomyocyte cultures have been shown to induce apoptotic cell death. We hypothesized that in a model of contractile dysfunction following ischemia, a commonly used catecholamine such as dopamine augments cardiomyocyte apoptosis via activation of calcium-dependent signaling cascades. Isolated perfused rabbit hearts were subjected to 45 minutes of normothermic ischemia with cardioplegic arrest. Hearts were reperfused for 120 minutes with unmodified perfusat...
|
Postischemic dopamine treatment of contractile dysfunction activates pro-apoptotic signal cascades, most likely via a calcium-dependent process and mitochondrial damage.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre",
"culture"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
知道了，非常感谢你的建议和解答！
|
对话历史:
问: 我得了发烧，可是我发烧的时候还会出现打冷颤的情况，这是不是惊厥？这让我很担心。
答: 发烧打冷颤并不一定是惊厥。在发烧时出现打冷颤可能是由于身体温度调节中枢受到了影响，造成寒战的症状。然而，惊厥是一种比较严重的病症，一般表现为全身抽搐、短暂意识丧失等症状。如果你只是在发烧期间感到寒战，一般不会是惊厥。
问: 那这个打冷颤有什么可能的原因呢？有没有什么办法可以缓解？
答: 发烧引起的打冷颤通常是身体为了提高体温而做出的自我保护反应。当体温开始上升时，身体可能会通过颤抖的方式来产生额外的热量。这类情况下可以先尝试通过保暖措施来缓解寒战，如给自己盖上被子，穿上暖和的衣物等。同时，降低体温的药物如退烧药也可以帮助减轻发烧和打冷颤的症状。
问: 我平时是不是应该多注意一些，来避免发生这种情况？
答: 是的，平时应该注意保持良好的健康习惯来预防发烧和打冷颤的情况发生。保持室内空气流通，避免受凉着凉或者感染病毒等因素造成发烧。此外，均衡饮食，适度锻炼，保持充足的睡眠也是增强身体免疫力的重要措施。
|
不客气，希望我的回答对你有帮助。如果还有其他问题，随时都可以来咨询我。祝你早日恢复健康！
|
cmtmedqa/train.jsonl
|
chinese_medical_qa_内科
|
[
"病毒",
"感染"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Are the time of day and the interval since previous meal associated with plasma zinc concentrations and affect estimated risk of zinc deficiency in young children in Peru and Ecuador?
|
Plasma zinc concentration is the preferred biomarker of zinc status, but the time of day and time since previous meals can modify the results. Measuring fasting plasma zinc concentration is not feasible among young children, so adjustments need to be developed for interpreting results. Our objective is to develop correction factors to adjust for the effects of time of day and interval since the previous meal when measuring plasma zinc concentrations of young children. We measured plasma zinc con...
|
The time of day and the interval since the preceding meal should be recorded when measuring plasma zinc concentration and incorporated into the statistical analysis and interpretation when assessing population zinc status.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"infection"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Is cold agglutinin activity common among human monoclonal IgM Rh system antibodies using the V4-34 heavy chain variable gene segment?
|
The V4-34 gene segment is commonly used by human monoclonal IgM alloantibodies against blood group antigens and by cold-reactive red cell autoantibodies with anti-I or anti-i specificity. This study was conducted to determine whether cold agglutinin activity is found among the V4-34-encoded alloantibodies. Fifty-four human IgM monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) against Rh system antigens were tested for cold agglutinin activity against red cells lacking the relevant Rh system antigen and for reactivi...
|
Anti-I/i reactivity is common among IgM Rh system MoAbs and is shown only by the V4-34-encoded subset. This finding has implications for the use of MoAbs for Rh system typing of blood.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
A 29-year-old woman presents to the primary care office for a recent history of falls. She has fallen 5 times over the last year. These falls are not associated with any preceding symptoms; she specifically denies dizziness, lightheadedness, or visual changes. However, she has started noticing that both of her legs feel weak. She's also noticed that her carpet feels strange beneath her bare feet. Her mother and grandmother have a history of similar problems. On physical exam, she has notable leg and foot muscular atrophy and 4/5 strength throughout her bilateral lower extremities. Sensation to light touch and pinprick is decreased up to the mid-calf. Ankle jerk reflex is absent bilaterally. Which of the following is the next best diagnostic test for this patient?
|
A. Ankle-brachial index
B. Electromyography (including nerve conduction studies)
C. Lumbar puncture
D. MRI brain
|
正确答案: B. Electromyography (including nerve conduction studies)
|
medqa/train.jsonl
|
med_exam_qa
|
[
"cre",
"ndm"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Are peptides from American alligator plasma antimicrobial against multi-drug resistant bacterial pathogens including Acinetobacter baumannii?
|
Our group has developed a new process for isolating and identifying novel cationic antimicrobial peptides from small amounts of biological samples. Previously, we identified several active antimicrobial peptides from 100 μl of plasma from Alligator mississippiensis. These peptides were found to have in vitro antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. In this work, we further characterize three of the novel peptides discovered using this process: Apo5, Apo6, ...
|
Overall, we suggest that Apo5 and Apo6 have a different mode of action than A1P, and that all three peptides make promising candidates for the treatment of drug-resistant bacteria, such as A. baumannii.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"acinetobacter baumannii",
"bacteria",
"antimicrobial"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
好的，我明白了。非常感谢您的解答和建议。
|
对话历史:
问: 医生，我有一个问题，请您帮忙解答一下。我的男朋友是大三阳患者，我们最近接吻时我发现我的牙龈出血，我是不是会被传染上呢？
答: 你好，我是仲景智能医学助手。关于你的问题，首先需要了解一下大三阳是指患者同时患有乙肝病毒表面抗原（HBsAg）、乙肝病毒e抗原（HBeAg）和乙肝病毒核心抗体（HBcAb）阳性的情况。乙肝病毒主要通过血液、母婴、性传播等途径传播，而唾液传播的风险较低。所以，即使你的牙龈出血，也不会通过唾液传播乙肝病毒。
问: 那就是说，即使我的牙龈出血，我也不会被传染上乙肝病毒对吗？
答: 是的，唾液传播乙肝病毒的风险较低，因此即使你的牙龈出血，也不会被传染上乙肝病毒。不过为了健康起见，建议你及时处理口腔问题，保持良好的口腔卫生，这样可以减少口腔感染的风险。
|
不客气，如果还有其他问题，随时可以向我咨询。同时也希望你和男朋友保持良好的沟通，注意乙肝的预防和治疗，共同维护健康。
|
cmtmedqa/train.jsonl
|
chinese_medical_qa_传染病科
|
[
"病毒",
"感染",
"乙肝病毒"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
对于重度、危及生命的ICU患者，推荐的首选抗菌治疗方案是什么？
|
对于重度、危及生命的ICU患者，首选治疗方案包括：亚胺培南500mg静脉滴注每6小时一次，或美罗培南1g静脉滴注每8小时一次，或多尼培南500mg静脉滴注每8小时一次，输注时间均为1小时。这些药物属于碳青霉烯类抗生素，具有广谱抗革兰阴性菌活性，适用于重症感染的经验性覆盖。
|
medllm-dataset-md-ocr/热病桑福德抗微生物治疗指南/热病桑福德抗微生物治疗指南.md
|
临床应用
| null |
llm_textbook
| null | null | null | null | null |
|
Do [ An observation of repair of burn wound with consanguineous skin pretreated with Tripterygium wilfordii ]?
|
To explore new source of skin for burn wound coverage. Split-thickness consanguineous skin was harvested from New Zealand white rabbit and was soaked in 200 g/L of multi-peptides of Tripterygium wilfordii, 50 g/L of dexamethasonel, on 9 g/L of normal saline solution for 15 - 30 mins, respectively. The consanguineous skin was thereafter grafted onto the whole layer skin defects in filial generation of rabbits with non-consanguineous skin as the control. The survival time and rejection of the graf...
|
Consanguineous skin possessed partial compatibility with the recipient due to similar antigen, which was beneficial to the its survival, especially after the skin was pretreated.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
A 72-year-old female is brought to the emergency department by ambulance because she was unable to walk. She says that she cut her leg while falling about a week ago. Since then, the wound has started draining fluid and become progressively more painful. She is found to have necrotizing fasciitis and is taken emergently to the operating room. Histological examination of cells along the fascial planes reveal cells undergoing necrosis. Which of the following represents the earliest sign that a cell has progressed to irreversible damage in this patient?
|
A. Chromatin dissolution and disappearance
B. Condensation of DNA into a basophilic mass
C. Fragmentation of the nucleus
D. Membrane blebbing from organelles
|
正确答案: B. Condensation of DNA into a basophilic mass
|
medqa/train.jsonl
|
med_exam_qa
|
[
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Follow-up after cystectomy: regularly scheduled, risk adjusted, or symptom guided?
|
To evaluate the efficacy of follow-up based on the patterns of recurrence, relapse presentation and survival after cystectomy, and to define a risk adjusted follow-up schedule. The records of 343 patients with regular follow-up after cystectomy were reviewed for primary site of recurrence, accompanying symptoms, means of recurrence diagnosis, and clinicopathological factors. Based on Cox proportional hazard models, and the results of imaging studies low and high risk groups are identified and a ...
|
Asymptomatic patients may benefit from early treatment after disease recurrence. A risk adjusted follow-up strategy based on stage of disease and additional clinicopathological factors can dichotomise patients at high and low risk for recurrence. The small benefit in survival after early detection has to be confirmed in future studies, and weighed against the available treatment options of recurrences and their subsequent costs.
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_unlabeled.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
该样本的菌群多样性结果意味着什么？能否判断存在菌群紊乱？
|
样本ID: 3958
|
菌群多样性分析：
**多样性指标解读：**
- Shannon指数：2.776
多样性良好，菌群结构相对平衡
- Simpson指数：0.841
均匀度高，物种分布较为均衡
- 物种丰富度：292种
**菌群平衡状态评估：**
菌群状态基本正常，持续监测即可。
**可能原因分析：**
- 当前无明显异常因素
| null | null | null |
csv_analysis
|
3958
|
interpretation
|
intermediate
|
[] |
该样本的菌群多样性指标表明什么？是否存在菌群失调？
|
Does neonatal alcohol exposure permanently disrupt the circadian properties and photic entrainment of the activity rhythm in adult rats?
|
Alcohol exposure during the period of rapid brain development produces structural damage in different brain regions, including the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), that may have permanent neurobehavioral consequences. Thus, this study examined the long-term effects of neonatal alcohol exposure on circadian behavioral activity in adult rats. Artificially reared Sprague-Dawley rat pups were exposed to alcohol (EtOH; 4.5 g/kg/day) or isocaloric milk formula (gastrostomy control; GC) on postnatal days...
|
These data indicate that neonatal alcohol exposure produces permanent changes in the circadian regulation of the rat activity rhythm and its entrainment to LD cycles. These long-term alterations in circadian behavior, along with the developmental alcohol-induced changes in SCN endogenous rhythmicity, may have important implications in clinical sleep-wake disturbances observed in neonates, children, and adults exposed to alcohol in utero.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
根据该样本的菌群多样性指标，可以得出怎样的结论？是否存在微生物群落失调？
|
样本ID: ZYQC02-A042
|
菌群多样性分析：
**多样性指标解读：**
- Shannon指数：4.486
多样性非常高，菌群结构均匀
- Simpson指数：0.971
均匀度高，物种分布较为均衡
- 物种丰富度：924种
**菌群平衡状态评估：**
菌群平衡状态良好，微生态环境健康。
**可能原因分析：**
- 急性感染状态
| null | null | null |
csv_analysis
|
ZYQC02-A042
|
interpretation
|
intermediate
|
[] |
该样本的菌群多样性指标表明什么？是否存在菌群失调？
|
Does bAG3 protect against hyperthermic stress by modulating NF-κB and ERK activities in human retinoblastoma cells?
|
BCL2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3), a co-chaperone of HSP70, is a cytoprotective and anti-apoptotic protein that acts against various stresses, including heat stress. Here, we examined the effect of BAG3 on the sensitivity of human retinoblastoma cells to hyperthermia (HT). We examined the effects of BAG3 knockdown on the sensitivity of Y79 and WERI-Rb-1cells to HT (44 °C, 1 h) by evaluating apoptosis and cell proliferation using western blotting, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), flow cytomet...
|
The silencing of BAG3 seems to enhance the effects of HT, at least in part, by maintaining HT-induced inactivity of NF-κB and the phosphorylation of ERK. These findings indicate that BAG3 may be a potential molecular target for modifying the outcomes of HT in retinoblastoma.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"PCR",
"cre",
"pcr"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Is preservation of gastric antral mucus associated with failure of eradication of Helicobacter pylori by bismuth , metronidazole and tetracycline?
|
Forty-three patients positive for Helicobacter pylori by histology and culture of antral biopsies (n = 40) or histology alone (n = 3) were investigated. They received either regimen 1--tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate 120 mg q.d.s. and tetracycline 250 mg q.d.s. for 4 weeks, with metronidazole 200 mg q.d.s. for the first 2 weeks, or regimen 2--omeprazole 20 mg b.d., amoxycillin 500 mg t.d.s., tetracycline 500 mg q.d.s. each for 3 weeks. Gastric antral biopsies were scored (0-3) histologically f...
|
Pre-treatment mucus depletion is identified as a factor affecting H. pylori eradication. Preservation of mucus may facilitate acquisition of metronidazole resistance.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"resistance",
"tetracycline",
"culture"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does shear stress-independent binding of von Willebrand factor-type 2B mutants p.R1306Q & p.V1316M to LRP1 explain their increased clearance?
|
von Willebrand factor (VWF) is cleared in a shear stress- and macrophage-dependent manner by LRP1. von Willebrand disease (VWD)-type 2B mutants are endocytosed more efficiently than wild-type (wt)-VWF by macrophages. To investigate if VWD-type 2B mutations in the VWF A1-domain affect LRP1 binding and LRP1-dependent clearance. Recombinant Fc-tagged A1 domain (A1-Fc, A2-Fc, A3-Fc) and full-length VWF (wt or mutants thereof) were tested for binding to LRP1 or a recombinant fragment thereof in a sta...
|
The VWF A1-domain contains a binding site for LRP1. Certain VWD-type 2B mutations relieve the need for shear stress to induce LRP1 binding. Enhanced LRP1 binding coincides with a reduced survival of VWF/p.R1306Q and VWF/p.V1316M. Our data provide a rationale for reduced VWF levels in at least some VWD-type 2B patients.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Is down-regulation of Gadd45 expression associated with tumor differentiation in non-small cell lung cancer?
|
Evidence suggests that the growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible gene 45 (Gadd45) is an effective indicator of poor prognosis or malignant potential in solid tumors. The purpose of this study was to determine the gene expression patterns and clinical relevance of Gadd45 in tumor specimens of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Using a quantitative real-time RT-PCR method, the mRNA expression of Gadd45 was analyzed in tumor and paired normal-appearing tissues of 66 patients with NSCLC. ...
|
The significant decrease in Gadd45 expression in tumors compared with normal tissue and its association with histological grading suggest a role for Gadd45 in the differentiation pathway of NSCLC.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"PCR",
"cre",
"pcr"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Can we explain why Brazilian babies are becoming lighter?
|
We tried to explain why a marked decrease in birthweight of 122 g occurred over a 15-year period in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. Factors reflecting biological, social, and health care characteristics (infant gender, parity, maternal age, marital status, type of hospital, maternal smoking, preterm birth, small for gestational age [SGA], and prenatal care) were assessed on 6711 newborns in 1978/1979 and 2838 in 1994 using multiple linear regressions. The birthweight distribution shifted to the left and...
|
The trend could be explained in part by factors related to marital status that might reflect dysfunctional families in the Brazilian context and the preterm increase that might be associated with advances in medical technology. The high attendance at antenatal clinics or factors associated with it might have prevented a further decrease in birthweight. Our results may be compatible with the high economic development of Ribeirão Preto within Brazil, together with factors associated with its unfavourable lifestyle.
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_unlabeled.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre",
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does acute non-traumatic pain increase the hepatic amino- to urea-N conversion in normal man?
|
Severe stress results in a catabolic state with nitrogen (N) loss via hepatic urea synthesis, and in most situations a sensation of pain. Our purpose was to establish whether pain per se upregulates liver function as to urea synthesis. Ten healthy male volunteers were investigated on 3 occasions in a crossover design. Self-controlled electrical pain was applied to the abdominal skin for 30 min to an intensity of 8 on a visual analogue scale from 0 to 10. Next, the electric profile was reproduced...
|
Acute, severe atraumatic pain induces an increase in the ability of the liver to convert amino- to urea-N, and thus acts as a catabolic stimulus via regulation of liver function. The measurements of known endocrine regulators of urea synthesis do not explain the phenomenon. The present data, however, suggest the hypothesis that the effects of pain were attenuated by local analgesia. If this is confirmed by further experiments, it would indicate a signal transmission to the liver which has not been previously described.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does downregulation of miR-193b in systemic sclerosis regulate the proliferative vasculopathy by urokinase-type plasminogen activator expression?
|
To investigate the role of microRNA-193b-3p (miR-193b) in the vascular pathophysiology of systemic sclerosis (SSc). Expression of miR-193b in skin biopsies and fibroblasts from patients with SSc and normal healthy (NH) controls were determined by real-time PCR. Transfection with miR-193b precursor and inhibitor were used to confirm targets of miR-193b. Proliferative effects of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) were determined by water-soluble tetrazolium salt-1 assay and by analysis of ...
|
In SSc, the downregulation of miR-193b induces the expression of uPA, which increases the number of vascular smooth muscle cells in an uPAR-independent manner and thereby contributes to the proliferative vasculopathy with intimal hyperplasia characteristic for SSc.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"PCR",
"cre",
"pcr"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does Celiac Disease Influence Survival in Sepsis?
|
Individuals with celiac disease (CD) are at increased risk of sepsis. The aim of this study was to examine whether CD influences survival in sepsis of bacterial origin. Nationwide longitudinal registry-based study. Through data on small intestinal biopsies from Sweden's 28 pathology departments, we identified 29,096 individuals with CD (villous atrophy, Marsh stage III). Each individual with CD was matched with five population-based controls. Among these, 5,470 had a record of sepsis according t...
|
Although individuals with CD seem to be at an increased risk of overall death after sepsis, that excess risk does not differ from the general excess mortality previously seen in celiac patients in Sweden. CD as such does not seem to influence short-term or sepsis-specific survival in individuals with sepsis and therefore is not an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in sepsis.
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_unlabeled.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre",
"bacteria",
"sepsis"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does virus C genotype predispose to primary hypothyroidism during interferon-α treatment for chronic hepatitis C?
|
The treatment of the chronic hepatitis C (HCV) with α-interferon is associated with thyroid dysfunction (TD). The aim of this study was to evaluate thyroid function outcome among patients with chronic HCV under treatment with conventional interferon (IFN) or peguilated interferon (PEG-IFN) in association with ribavirin. We studied 293 patients with chronic HCV, submitted to drug therapy for 24 or 48 weeks. Initially, we evaluated FT4, TSH, TPOAb, TgAb, and continued to monitor FT4 and TSH every ...
|
Hypothyroidism was the most frequent TD, especially during the first cycle of α-interferon. Genotype 1 virus was associated with a risk two times higher for developing the illness. There was no need to interrupt or to change HCV treatment. Therefore, approximately 34% of TD was transient.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"virus",
"uti",
"hepatitis c"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Is exercise-induced mitral regurgitation a predictor of morbid events in subjects with mitral valve prolapse?
|
This study attempted to determine whether a subset of patients with mitral valve prolapse and no mitral regurgitation at rest will develop mitral regurgitation during exercise and have a higher than anticipated risk of morbid cardiovascular events. Mitral regurgitation in patients with mitral valve prolapse identifies a subset of patients at higher risk for morbid events. However, mitral regurgitation in patients with mitral valve prolapse may be intermittent and could go unrecognized. A provoca...
|
In patients with mitral valve prolapse without mitral regurgitation at rest, exercise provokes mitral regurgitation in 32% of patients and predicts a higher risk for morbid events.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"endocarditis"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Is [ Optimization of the scan time based on the physical index in FDG-PET/CT ]?
|
The image quality of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) using (18)F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose is extremely important to diagnose cancer precisely. The purpose of this study is to inspect the physical indexes that are correlated with image quality and optimization of the scan time, utilizing the physical index. This study calculated two kinds of patient noise equivalent counts (NEC(patient) and NEC(density)) and signal to noise ratio in liver (SNR(liver)) to measure PET image quality. We estimated...
|
The optimization of the scan time using NEC(density) reduces deterioration of the PET image quality by patient habitus.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt ( TIPS ) augment hyperinsulinemia in patients with cirrhosis?
|
Cirrhosis of the liver is characterized by glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinemia. Both increased insulin secretion and decreased insulin clearance appear to contribute to hyperinsulinemia in cirrhotic patients. A decrease in hepatic insulin extraction rate may be due either to hepatocellular dysfunction or to portosystemic shunting with decreased first-pass insulin clearance. To specifically address the contribution of portosystemic shunting to the pathogenesis of hyperinsulinemia in cirrhoti...
|
Our data demonstrate that TIPS does not impair glycemic control in cirrhotic patients and that an increase in portosystemic shunting augments hyperinsulinemia, most likely by decreasing hepatic insulin clearance.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre",
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
A 50-year-old woman, gravida 5, para 5, comes to the physician for the evaluation of decreased sexual desire for approximately 6 months. She has been sexually active with her husband but reports that she has no desire in having sexual intercourse anymore. She states that she feels guilty and is worried about losing her husband if this problem goes on for a longer period of time. She also reports that they have had several fights recently due to financial problems. She has problems going to sleep and wakes up often, and is tired throughout the day. One year ago, the patient underwent hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy due to uterine prolapse. Her last menstrual period was 2 years ago. She does not smoke. She drinks 3–4 glasses of wine daily. Vital signs are within normal limits. Physical examination shows no abnormalities except for an enlarged liver. Which of the following most likely explains this patient's loss of libido?
|
A. Chronic alcohol intake
B. Major depressive disorder
C. Decreased testosterone
D. Elevated prolactin
|
正确答案: C. Decreased testosterone
|
medqa/train.jsonl
|
med_exam_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
为何多重耐药恶性疟的增加使疟疾预防决策更加复杂？
|
随着全球范围内特别是非洲和东南亚地区抗氯喹及多重耐药恶性疟原虫（Plasmodium falciparum）的广泛传播，传统廉价有效的预防药物如氯喹已失去保护作用。这迫使临床医生必须根据旅行目的地精确评估耐药风险，选择更昂贵或副作用不同的替代药物（如阿托喹酮-盐酸氯胍、多西环素或甲氟喹），同时考虑患者的年龄、妊娠状态、合并症及依从性，从而使预防策略制定更为复杂和个体化。
|
medllm-dataset-md-ocr/哈里森感染病学/哈里森感染病学.md
|
机制原理与临床挑战
| null |
llm_textbook
| null | null | null | null | null |
|
Do postradiotherapy CA19-9 kinetics correlate with outcomes in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma?
|
We sought to determine if carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9 ) nadir (nCA19-9), time to nadir (TTN), and doubling time (DT) after radiotherapy (RT) correlate with outcomes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. We examined the records of 102 patients treated with RT for primary, nonmetastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma between August 1998 and July 2011. Of these, 33 patients were treated with postoperative chemoradiotherapy (PORT) and 69 patients with definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Among...
|
CA19-9 kinetics after RT correlate with disease progression and survival and could serve as a prognostic tool to guide treatment decisions.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does cytokeratin 8/18 expression indicate a poor prognosis in squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity?
|
Intermediary filaments are involved in cell motility and cancer progression. In a variety of organs, the expression of distinct intermediary filaments are associated with patient prognosis. In this study, we seeked to define the prognostic potential of cytokeratin and vimentin expression patterns in squamous cell carcinomas (SCC's) of the oral cavity. 308 patients with histologically proven and surgically treated squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity were investigated for the immunohistoch...
|
The expression of Ck 8/18 in SCC's of the oral cavity is an independent prognostic marker and indicates a decreased overall and progression free survival. These results provide an extended knowledge about the role of intermediary filament expression patterns in SCC's.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Recurrent left colonic diverticulitis episodes: more severe than the initial diverticulitis?
|
Until recently, it was accepted that the rate of complications and failure of medical therapy were higher during recurrent episodes of diverticulitis. New data and new interpretation of older studies have challenged this opinion. The aim of the present study was to determine whether recurrent diverticulitis in comparison with the initial episode has a different short-term outcome after medical or surgical treatment. This was a retrospective cohort study of 271 consecutive patients admitted for d...
|
Recurrent episodes of diverticulitis do not lead to more complications and more conservative treatment failure. Moreover, surgery at admission was less frequent among patients who presented with a recurrence.
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_unlabeled.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"uti",
"abscess"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Do high coronary artery calcium scores pose an extremely elevated risk for hard events?
|
We sought to assess the natural history of a cohort of asymptomatic individuals with very high (> or = 1,000) calcium scores (CSs) on a screening electron beam tomography (EBT) not submitted to further testing after the initial scan. We also compared the outcome of our prospective cohort with that of historical controls with severe abnormalities on myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). Coronary calcium detected on EBT imaging has been shown to correlate with the total plaque burden. However, there...
|
A high CS (> or = 1,000) on a screening EBT in an asymptomatic person portends a very high risk of an HCE in the short term. This risk appears to be greater than the risk associated with a severe perfusion abnormality on MPI.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does lowering interleukin-1 activity with anakinra improve myocardial deformation in rheumatoid arthritis?
|
Inhibition of interleukin-1 activity improves nitro-oxidative stress, endothelial and coronary function. The authors investigated (a) the association of nitro-oxidative stress and endothelial function with myocardial deformation, (b) the effects of anakinra, an interleukin-1a receptor antagonist on myocardial deformation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The authors compared 46 RA patients to 23 normal controls. 23 patients received anakinra (150 mg subcutaneously once daily) and 23 pa...
|
Myocardial deformation is impaired in RA patients and is related to nitro-oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Chronic inhibition of IL-1 improves LV deformation in parallel with endothelial function and nitro-oxidative stress.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does adjusting ventilator off-cycling in invasively ventilated COPD patients need comprehensive adjustments?
|
Patient-ventilator asynchrony that prolongs weaning and increases morbidity and mortality is common during invasive ventilation of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this context, the inspiratory cycling criteria (iCC) of the ventilator during assisted pressure support (PS) ventilation is a poorly acknowledged key factor. We investigated the changes of flow and pressure parameters that resulted from varying the iCC in a simulated COPD lung model. A lung simulator was ...
|
Non-adapted ventilator iCC can cause patient-ventilator asynchrony. The success of assisted invasive ventilation and weaning relies on meticulous adjustments.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
该样本的菌群多样性数据说明了什么？是否表明菌群结构异常？
|
样本ID: 7680
|
菌群多样性分析：
**多样性指标解读：**
- Shannon指数：1.056
多样性显著降低，提示可能存在明显菌群失调或优势菌过度增殖
- Simpson指数：0.452
优势度高，少数物种占主导地位
- 物种丰富度：35种
**菌群平衡状态评估：**
明显菌群失调，需进一步评估原因并考虑干预。
**可能原因分析：**
- 抗生素使用史
- 免疫功能低下
- 慢性疾病影响
| null | null | null |
csv_analysis
|
7680
|
interpretation
|
intermediate
|
[] |
该样本的菌群多样性指标表明什么？是否存在菌群失调？
|
True about streptococcus -
|
A. Lancefield classification is based on M protein
B. Group `G' not found in human
C. Group 'B' causes neonatal meningitis
D. Group 'C' can be isolated from vaginal flora
|
正确答案: B. Group `G' not found in human
解释: Ans. is `c i.e. Group 'B' causes neonatal meningitis Lancefield classification is based on carbohydrate 'C' antigen not on M protein. Besides Str. pyogenes, streptococci belonging to group B, C, D, F, G and rarely H, K, 0 and R may also cause human infections. Group B streptococcus is the single most common cause of neonatal meningitis. Group C streptococci are pa of normal flora of throat (not of vaginal flora) Group D streptococci ie enterococci can cause urinary tract infection.
|
medmcqa/train.jsonl
|
med_exam_qa
|
[
"meningitis",
"infection",
"urinary tract infection"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does it need to perform anterior column support after Smith-Petersen osteotomy for ankylosing spondylitis?
|
The aim of this study was to determine whether anterior column support is required in Smith-Petersen osteotomy procedure with correction angles of more than 10°, while examining the subsequent healing patterns in relation to the disrupted area. An analysis was done on 26 segments of 19 patients who showed a correction angle of more than 10° in the anterior opening after SPO. There were 17 male and two female patients with a mean age of 40 years (24-56 years). The mean follow-up period was 6.5 ye...
|
In our study of subjects presenting with anterior opening angles from 10° to 32°, we obtained successful fusion without the need for additional anterior interbody fusion. Improved gap healing and increased correction angles were obtained when the opening was present in the upper or lower body endplates compared to those at the disc space level.
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_unlabeled.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Which of the following is the etiology of Werner syndrome?
|
A. Increased length of telomere
B. Sho telomere with damaged DNA and loss of helicase
C. Increased advanced glycation end products
D. Decreased lipid peroxidation
|
正确答案: A. Increased length of telomere
解释: Werner syndrome: It is a hereditary condition with premature aging due to mutation in the WRN gene There is Loss of function DNA helicase. This results in the shoening of the telomeres with damaged DNA. There is increased risk of cancer in the individuals with Werner syndrome.
|
medmcqa/train.jsonl
|
med_exam_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Is mouse beta cell proliferation inhibited by thymidine analogue labelling?
|
Long-term labelling of mice with halogenated thymidine analogues is an established method for quantifying the contribution of beta cell proliferation to in vivo beta cell mass expansion in (re)generation models. The method is believed to give accurate information on the accrued number of cycling beta cells over a period of time. Multiple thymidine analogue labelling is applied for evaluating the duration of postmitotic quiescence in beta cells. We hypothesise, however, that long-term labelling b...
|
Long-term labelling with halogenated thymidine analogues is a biased method that underestimates the proliferation and re-division potential of mouse beta cells.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre",
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does cardiopulmonary bypass affect plasma concentration of preoperatively administered gabapentin?
|
Drug effects can be unpredictable during cardiac surgery due to factors that may influence drug concentration, such as extracorporeal oxygenation and hemodilution. The primary aim of the current investigation was to determine whether plasma gabapentin concentration is altered by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Following approval from the Research Ethics Board and written informed consent, we conducted this open-label prospective cohort investigation. A convenience sample of 16 patients, who were s...
|
Plasma gabapentin concentration is unaltered during CPB following preoperative administration. Drug accumulation following third and fourth postoperative doses suggests the need for therapeutic drug monitoring in future trials. Gabapentin is well established as an effective adjunct analgesic in a number of surgical settings. Randomized controlled trials are necessary to evaluate analgesic efficacy, optimal dosing, and adverse effects in the setting of cardiac surgery.
结论: no
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre",
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does down-Regulation of miR-146a Expression induce Allergic Conjunctivitis in Mice by Increasing TSLP Level?
|
Pollen is the most common aeroallergen to cause conjunctivitis. In this study, we established a short ragweed (SRW)-induced mouse model of allergic conjunctivitis (AC) and aimed to explore the potential role of miR-146a and its downstream molecules in the development of ocular allergic inflammation. The mouse model of challenge pollen was used for in vivo study. The culture model of primary human limbal epithelium (HLE) exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was performed for in vitro research. The...
|
Down-regulation of miR-146a expression induces allergic conjunctivitis in mice by increasing TSLP level.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"PCR",
"cre",
"culture"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
该样本的菌群多样性结果意味着什么？能否判断存在菌群紊乱？
|
样本ID: 5607
|
菌群多样性分析：
**多样性指标解读：**
- Shannon指数：5.94
多样性非常高，菌群结构均匀
- Simpson指数：0.993
均匀度高，物种分布较为均衡
- 物种丰富度：843种
**菌群平衡状态评估：**
菌群平衡状态良好，微生态环境健康。
**可能原因分析：**
- 当前无明显异常因素
| null | null | null |
csv_analysis
|
5607
|
interpretation
|
intermediate
|
[] |
该样本的菌群多样性指标表明什么？是否存在菌群失调？
|
Are most sixth nerve palsies really paralytic?
|
Etiology and date of palsy are two important parameters that affect the treatment protocol of sixth nerve palsies. This study evaluated the treatment protocols and outcomes of treatment in sixth nerve palsies. Thirty-four patients who had sixth nerve palsy were included. Botulinum toxin A (BTX) injection was performed on patients with acute sixth nerve palsy and paresis (BTX group), whereas chronic cases received only horizontal surgery (surgery group). All patients in the BTX group received a B...
|
BTX injection was found to be an effective treatment because it prevented medial rectus contraction in acute sixth nerve palsies. Correction of deviation with the recession of contracted medial rectus muscles and resection of lateral rectus muscles without the need of transposition in chronic sixth nerve palsy testified that most sixth nerve palsies involve partial paralysis rather than complete paralysis.
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_unlabeled.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Is antiretroviral treatment-induced dyslipidemia in HIV-infected patients influenced by the APOC3-related rs10892151 polymorphism?
|
The recently observed association between the APOC3-related rs10892151 polymorphism and serum triglyceride levels has prompted us the possibility to explore whether this genetic variant may play a major role in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/antiretroviral therapy-induced dyslipidemia. We determined the rs10892151 genotype distribution and serum apolipoprotein (apo) C-III concentration in a group of HIV-infected patients (n = 208) and in a group of age and sex-matched healthy volunteers (n =...
|
The A allelic variant of the rs10892151 polymorphism is not associated with serum apo C-III concentration, but predisposes HIV-infected patients to less favorable lipid profile, particularly in those patients treated with PIs.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"HIV",
"cre",
"virus"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
请分析样本 4629 的微生物检测结果概况。
|
样本ID: 4629
|
根据样本 4629 的微生物检测结果分析：
**一、样本基本信息**
- 总测序读数：10,481,114
- 检出物种数：1797
- Shannon多样性指数：5.559
- Simpson多样性指数：0.987
**二、优势菌群**
- Klebsiella aerogenes (5.4%)
- Klebsiella pneumoniae (5.2%)
- Thauera phenylacetica (4.1%)
- Shigella flexneri (2.7%)
- Shigella sonnei (2.0%)
**三、检出病原体情况**
未检出明显致病菌
**四、总体评估**
菌群多样性良好，微生态状态相对健康。
| null | null | null |
csv_analysis
|
4629
|
overview
|
basic
|
[
"Klebsiella aerogenes (5.4%)",
"Klebsiella pneumoniae (5.2%)",
"Thauera phenylacetica (4.1%)"
] | null |
Is recombinant human erythropoietin therapy very effective after an autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplant when started soon after engraftment?
|
Previous trials of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo) therapy after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation have administered very high doses of i.v. rHuEpo starting on day 1 and continuing for 1-2 months until erythroid engraftment and have shown no benefit of rHuEpo therapy. We sought to establish a more effective use of rHuEpo in this setting. In this report, we show in a first cohort of 45 lymphoma or myeloma patients undergoing peripheral blood stem cell transplant (contro...
|
Anemia after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplant is exquisitely sensitive to rHuEpo when therapy is started soon after engraftment. This is the first convincing report showing that rHuEpo is effective in this setting. Our data set the stage for a more rational use of rHuEpo after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and should renew interest in erythropoietin therapy in this setting. Prospective, randomized trials should investigate the impact of rHuEpo therapy on transfusion requirements and quality of life.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre",
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Do haplotypes defined by promoter and intron 1 polymorphisms of the COLIA1 gene regulate bone mineral density in women?
|
The COLIA1 gene is a strong candidate for susceptibility to osteoporosis. The causal genetic variants are currently unclear, but the most likely are functional polymorphisms in the promoter and intron 1 of COLIA1. The objective of the study was to determine whether promoter and intron 1 polymorphisms of COLIA1 or haplotypes defined by these polymorphisms regulate bone mineral density (BMD) in women. This was a population-based association study involving 3270 women from the United Kingdom who to...
|
Two haplotypes defined by polymorphisms in the 5' flank of the COLIA1 regulate BMD in a bidirectional manner in women.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre",
"susceptibility",
"candida"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
埃博拉病毒的不同毒株在致病性和流行病学上有何差异？
|
埃博拉病毒目前已知有多个毒株，其中扎伊尔株（EBO-Z）和苏丹株（EBO-S）于1976年分别在扎伊尔和苏丹暴发，病例超过500例，病死率分别为88%和53%，显示扎伊尔株具有更高的致命性。血清学和基因序列分析证实，这两者属于不同的病毒种。此外，1989年在美国弗吉尼亚州雷斯顿（Reston）从菲律宾进口的猕猴中分离出雷斯顿株（EBO-R），该毒株对非人灵长类动物致病性强，但对人类的致病性较弱，尚未发现引起人类严重疾病或人际传播的证据，提示其跨物种传播能力有限。这些差异对于风险评估、生物安全防控和疫苗研发具有重要意义。
|
medllm-dataset-md-ocr/临床微生物学手册_下/临床微生物学手册_下.md
|
诊断治疗
| null |
llm_textbook
| null | null | null | null | null |
|
Is increasing severity of cardiac autonomic neuropathy associated with increasing prevalence of nephropathy , retinopathy , and peripheral neuropathy in Turkish type 2 diabetics?
|
Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is the most frequent and clinically important form of diabetic autonomic neuropathy. CAN is associated with increased frequency of other microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). In this study, we evaluated the prevalence diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, and peripheral neuropathy, and measured gastric emptying time and bladder emptying time in type 2 diabetic patients with varying degrees of CAN. Fifty-three patients with DM complicated by CAN (3...
|
The prevalence of other diabetic microvascular complications increase as the severity of CAN increases in patients with type 2 DM. This study emphasizes the need for an early screening for peripheral neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients with CAN, especially with severe involvement.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Do stromal fibroblasts from basal cell carcinoma affect phenotype of normal keratinocytes?
|
Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions are important not only to direct the course of prenatal development of skin and its appendages but also to influence the behaviour of transformed epithelial cells. Evaluation of the role of stromal fibroblasts on the phenotype of epithelial cells of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). The phenotype of human BCC was compared with the in vitro model where the growth and phenotypic pattern of normal human keratinocytes were monitored in co-culture with fibroblasts prepar...
|
These observations indicate that BCCFs may differ from normal fibroblasts and may play a regulatory role in BCC biology.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"culture"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Detection and typing of the virulence determinants cagA and vacA of Helicobacter pylori directly from biopsy DNA: are in vitro strains representative of in vivo strains?
|
The relationship of Helicobacter pylori genotypes to gastrointestinal disease has relied on cultured isolates. This assumes that cultured strains are representative of in vivo strains. To detect and type the cagA status and the vacA genotypes directly from biopsy DNA without the need for culture, and to further define the relationship between H. pylori genotypes and gastroduodenal pathology. Fifty-two Caucasian patients undergoing routine endoscopy for dyspepsia had additional biopsies taken fro...
|
cagA status and the vacA genotyping was successful with tissue samples taken directly from gastric and duodenal biopsies. Discrepancies between isolate and biopsy strain types stress the need for caution when interpreting in vitro strain types and suggest that direct PCR of biopsies is the preferred typing technique. The cagA status and the s1 vacA allele are unreliable as single markers in determining the risk of developing peptic ulcer disease.
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_unlabeled.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"PCR",
"cre",
"infection"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does botulinum toxin in gastric submucosa reduce stimulated HCl production in rats?
|
Botulinum toxin blocks acetylcholine release from nerve endings and acts as a long term, reversible inhibitor of muscle contraction as well as of salivary, sweat gland, adrenal and prostatic secretions. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether gastric submucosal injection of botulinum toxin type A reduces stimulated gastric production of HCl. Sixty-four rats were randomized in two groups and laparotomized. One group was treated with botulinum toxin-A 10 U by multiple submucosal gas...
|
Botulinum toxin type A reduces stimulated gastric acidity. This is likely due either to inhibition of the cholinergic stimulation of gastric parietal cells, or to an action on the myenteric nervous plexuses. Reduction of growth and food intake may reflect both impaired digestion and decreased gastric motility.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
明白了，如果我出现了其他相关症状，我会尽快就医进行进一步检查。谢谢医生的建议！
|
对话历史:
问: 你好，最近我感觉呼吸不好，似乎是喉头水肿，不知道是什么原因引起的。我是一个26岁的女性。
答: 你好，根据你描述的情况，呼吸困难和喉头水肿可能有多种原因。首先，喉头水肿可由过敏反应引起，如食物过敏或药物过敏。其次，喉部感染或炎症也可能导致喉头水肿。此外，声带肿瘤或异物堵塞喉咙也可能是引起喉头水肿的原因之一。由于喉头水肿可能是严重的症状，建议你尽快就医咨询专科医生以获取准确的诊断和治疗建议。
问: 谢谢医生的解答。如果是过敏引起的喉头水肿，我应该怎么办呢？
答: 如果喉头水肿是由过敏引起的，你可以考虑以下一些处理措施。首先，避免接触可能引起过敏的物质或食物。其次，使用抗过敏药物，如抗组胺药物，来减轻过敏反应。另外，喉部湿热敷可以缓解喉头不适。然而，针对具体情况最好咨询医生，以便获得个体化的治疗建议。
问: 好的，我会注意避免接触可能引起过敏的物质，并尝试使用抗过敏药物来缓解症状。另外，有没有其他可能引起喉头水肿的原因需要我关注？
答: 除了过敏之外，其他原因也可能导致喉头水肿。例如，感染或炎症在喉头区域引起水肿是常见的情况。当然，像声带肿瘤或异物堵塞喉咙这样的情况也可能引起喉头水肿。如果你出现其他症状，比如声音嘶哑、咳嗽或呼吸困难，建议你尽快就医以获取更详细的检查和确诊。
|
不客气，希望你早日康复。如果有其他疑问，可以随时向我咨询。祝你身体健康！
|
cmtmedqa/train.jsonl
|
chinese_medical_qa_五官科
|
[
"感染"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
请分析样本 5364 的微生物检测结果概况。
|
样本ID: 5364
|
根据样本 5364 的微生物检测结果分析：
**一、样本基本信息**
- 总测序读数：2,257,148
- 检出物种数：406
- Shannon多样性指数：5.338
- Simpson多样性指数：0.991
**二、优势菌群**
- Bradyrhizobium erythrophlei (5.2%)
- Bradyrhizobium liaoningense (3.2%)
- Reyranella soli (1.5%)
- Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens (1.4%)
- Anaeromyxobacter diazotrophicus (1.4%)
**三、检出病原体情况**
未检出明显致病菌
**四、总体评估**
菌群多样性良好，微生态状态相对健康。
| null | null | null |
csv_analysis
|
5364
|
overview
|
basic
|
[
"Bradyrhizobium erythrophlei (5.2%)",
"Bradyrhizobium liaoningense (3.2%)",
"Reyranella soli (1.5%)"
] | null |
Are procalcitonin levels lower in intensive care unit patients with H1N1 influenza A virus pneumonia than in those with community-acquired bacterial pneumonia . A pilot study?
|
The purpose of the study was to know the kinetics of procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), and white blood cell (WBC) in critically ill patients with H1N1 influenza A virus pneumonia and to compare levels of these inflammatory mediators with patients with acute community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. An observational study in a mixed intensive care unit (ICU) at a general university hospital was performed. All consecutive patients admitted to the ICU with a diagnosis of severe acute com...
|
Among patients admitted to the ICU with pneumonia, the PCT level could help identify H1N1 influenza A virus pneumonia and thus enable earlier antiviral therapy.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"antiviral",
"cre",
"influenza"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does colorectal cancer risk information presented by a nonphysician assistant increase screening rates?
|
To determine the effectiveness of presenting individualized colorectal cancer (CRC) risk information for increasing CRC screening rates in primary care patients at above-average risk of CRC. Randomized controlled trial. Georgia Regents University in Augusta-an academic family medicine clinic in the southeastern United States. Outpatients (50 to 70 years of age) scheduled for routine visits in the family medicine clinic who were determined to be at above-average risk of CRC. Individualized CRC ri...
|
Presentation of individualized CRC risk information by a nonphysician assistant as a decision aid did not result in higher CRC screening rates in primary care patients compared with presentation of general CRC screening information. Future research is needed to determine if physician presentation of CRC risk information would result in increased screening rates compared with research assistant presentation.
结论: no
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre",
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Is the hemorrhagic coli pilus ( HCP ) of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 an inducer of proinflammatory cytokine secretion in intestinal epithelial cells?
|
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7, the causative agent of hemorrhagic colitis and the hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), produces long bundles of type IV pili (TFP) called hemorrhagic coli pili (HCP). HCP are capable of mediating several phenomena associated with pathogenicity: i) adherence to human and bovine epithelial cells; ii) invasion of epithelial cells; iii) hemagglutination of rabbit erythrocytes; iv) biofilm formation; v) twitching motility; and vi) specific binding to la...
|
The HcpA pilin monomer of the HCP produced by EHEC O157:H7 is a potent inducer of IL-8 and TNF-alpha release, an event which could play a significant role in the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic colitis caused by this pathogen.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre",
"infection",
"escherichia coli"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does removal of the syndesmotic screw improve clinical results of operative treatment of ankle fractures with concomitant syndesmosis injury?
|
The routine procedure in cases with distal tibio-fibular syndesmotic ruptures associated with ankle fracture, is temporary fixation with a screw which is usually removed after a period considered long enough for the healing of torn syndesmotic ligaments. This ussualy requires need for a second hospitalization and generates additional costs for the health care system. The potential advantege of removing the syndesmotic stabilization is often questioned. Aim of this study is to compare the clinica...
|
The removal of syndesmotic stabilization before weightbearing does not significantly improve the outcome of operative treatment of ankle fractures with syndesmosis injury.
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_unlabeled.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre",
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does iFN-λ inhibit MiR-122 Transcription through a Stat3-HNF4α Inflammatory Feedback Loop in an IFN-α Resistant HCV Cell Culture System?
|
HCV replication in persistently infected cell culture remains resistant to IFN-α/RBV combination treatment, whereas IFN-λ1 induces viral clearance. The antiviral mechanisms by which IFN-λ1 induces sustained HCV clearance have not been determined. To investigate the mechanisms by which IFN-λ clears HCV replication in an HCV cell culture model. IFN-α sensitive (S3-GFP) and resistant (R4-GFP) cells were treated with equivalent concentrations of either IFN-α or IFN-λ. The relative antiviral effects ...
|
In addition to the classical Jak-Stat antiviral signaling pathway, IFN-λ1 inhibits HCV replication through the suppression of miRNA-122 transcription via an inflammatory Stat 3-HNF4α feedback loop. Inflammatory feedback circuits activated by IFNs during chronic inflammation expose non-responders to the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"PCR",
"antiviral",
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Inhibitors of DNA synthesis -
|
A. Penicillin
B. Polymyxin
C. Chloramphenicol
D. Actinomycin
|
正确答案: C. Chloramphenicol
解释: D i.e. Actinomycin
|
medmcqa/train.jsonl
|
med_exam_qa
|
[
"penicillin"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
检测到 Streptococcus pneumoniae，丰度为 0.27%，请评估其临床意义。
|
样本ID: JXEY01D022
|
Streptococcus pneumoniae（肺炎链球菌）检测分析：
**1. 病原体特征**
- 检出丰度：0.27%
- 读数：143,548
- 致病类别：respiratory
- 临床风险等级：high
**2. 临床意义评估**
该菌丰度较低（<1%），可能为低水平定植或过路菌。若患者有相关症状，仍需警惕；若无症状，可随访观察。
**3. 建议措施**
1. 进行药敏试验指导用药
2. 根据感染部位选择合适抗菌方案
3. 密切监测治疗效果
| null | null | null |
csv_analysis
|
JXEY01D022
|
pathogen
|
intermediate
|
[
"Streptococcus pneumoniae"
] | null |
对于造血干细胞移植后合并移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）的患者，真菌感染风险持续较高的原因是什么？
|
这类患者通常需要长期使用糖皮质激素及多种免疫抑制剂（如环孢素、他克莫司、吗替麦考酚酯、西罗莫司、抗胸腺细胞球蛋白或阿仑珠单抗），这些药物显著抑制T细胞介导的免疫应答和单核/巨噬细胞功能，即使中性粒细胞恢复，仍存在严重的细胞免疫缺陷，因此对念珠菌和曲霉等机会性真菌易感性持续增高。
|
medllm-dataset-md-ocr/哈里森感染病学/哈里森感染病学.md
|
临床应用
| null |
llm_textbook
| null | null | null | null | null |
|
样本中的主要微生物群落构成如何？有哪些异常或重要的发现？
|
样本ID: 4900
|
样本微生物组成分析：
**主要菌群组成：**
- Micrococcus aloeverae (4.0%)
- Micrococcus yunnanensis (4.0%)
- Cutibacterium acnes (3.4%)
- Micrococcus luteus (3.0%)
- Kocuria rhizophila (1.8%)
**多样性评估：**
- Shannon指数为6.158，表明菌群多样性非常高
- 物种丰富度：1459个物种
**关键发现：**
- 菌群多样性良好，微生态平衡
| null | null | null |
csv_analysis
|
4900
|
overview
|
basic
|
[
"Micrococcus aloeverae (4.0%)",
"Micrococcus yunnanensis (4.0%)",
"Cutibacterium acnes (3.4%)"
] |
该样本的主要微生物组成是什么？有哪些值得关注的发现？
|
了解了，谢谢医生的解答。
|
对话历史:
问: 医生您好，我胆囊发炎，疼的我翻来覆去睡不着，请问医生，胆囊发炎一般都是怎么治疗的呢？
答: 您好，我是仲景智能医学助手。胆囊发炎是一种常见的疾病，治疗方法主要包括药物治疗和手术治疗两种。首先我们可以尝试药物治疗，例如应用抗生素、抗炎药物和解痉药来缓解炎症和疼痛。此外，适当的饮食注意也非常重要，您需要避免进食辛辣、油腻以及容易引起胆囊收缩的食物。您还有其他症状吗？
问: 我还常常感到胃部不适，是否与胆囊发炎有关？
答: 胃部不适可能与胆囊发炎有一定的关联性。因为胆囊发炎引起的胆囊炎症可以扩散到胃部，导致胃部不适和消化不良的症状。如果您出现胃部不适，可以适当调整饮食，避免过度进食和吃易消化的食物，同时注意养成良好的饮食习惯。
问: 我听说手术治疗可以根治胆囊发炎，是否有必要进行手术？
答: 手术治疗是根治胆囊发炎的一种有效方法，特别是对于严重病例或者复发性胆囊发炎的患者来说，手术是不可避免的选择。手术可以通过胆囊摘除术来解决问题，具体手术方式由专业医生根据您的具体情况来决定。
问: 那手术后是否有什么需要特别注意的事项呢？
答: 手术后有一些需要特别注意的事项。首先是饮食问题，手术后的一段时间内宜选择易消化、低脂、高蛋白的食物，避免食用刺激性食物。此外，注意休息，避免剧烈运动，避免受凉和感染，定期复查以确保伤口恢复和身体康复。如果术后出现异常情况，及时就医。
|
不客气，如果还有其他问题，随时可以问我。祝您早日康复！
|
cmtmedqa/train.jsonl
|
chinese_medical_qa_家居健康
|
[
"抗生素",
"感染"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does sildenafil prevent rebound pulmonary hypertension after withdrawal of nitric oxide in children?
|
Rebound pulmonary hypertension (PHT) can complicate the weaning of nitric oxide (NO), and is in part related to transient depletion of intrinsic cyclic guanosine monophosphate. Rebound is characterized by increased pulmonary arterial (PA) pressure, cardiopulmonary instability, and in some cases, the need to continue NO beyond the intended period of use. There is anecdotal evidence that sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, may prevent recurrence of rebound. We investigated the role of sil...
|
A single dose of sildenafil prevented rebound after withdrawal of NO, and reduced the duration of mechanical ventilation. Prophylaxis with sildenafil should be considered when weaning patients from inhaled NO.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does coagulation cascade activation trigger early failure of pig hearts expressing human complement regulatory genes?
|
Hyperacute rejection (HAR) and early graft failure (EGF) have been described in a minority of pig-to-baboon heart transplants using organs transgenic for human complement regulatory proteins (hCRP). Here we investigate the role of coagulation cascade activation in the pathogenesis of HAR and EGF in a consecutive series where a high incidence of these outcomes was observed. Twenty-eight naïve wild-caught Papio anubis baboons received heterotopic heart transplants from pigs transgenic for hDAF (n ...
|
We conclude that dysregulated coagulation correlates closely with and probably causes primary failure of pig hearts transgenic for hCRP. These data support efforts to define effective strategies to prevent dysregulated coagulation in pig organ xenografts.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Is pSG gene expression up-regulated by lysine acetylation involving histone and nonhistone proteins?
|
Lysine acetylation is an important post-translational modification that plays a central role in eukaryotic transcriptional activation by modifying chromatin and transcription-related factors. Human pregnancy-specific glycoproteins (PSG) are the major secreted placental proteins expressed by the syncytiotrophoblast at the end of pregnancy and represent early markers of cytotrophoblast differentiation. Low PSG levels are associated with complicated pregnancies, thus highlighting the importance of ...
|
Results are consistent with a regulatory role of lysine acetylation on PSG expression through a relaxed chromatin state and an increase in the transcriptional activity of Sp1 and KLF6 following an augmented Sp1 acetylation and KLF6 nuclear localization.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Children born to mothers with SLE are likely to have one of the following anomalies
|
A. ASD
B. TOF
C. TGA
D. Complete hea block
|
正确答案: C. TGA
解释: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is one of the most common autoimmune disorders that affect women during their childbearing years. SLE increases the risk of spontaneous aboion, intrauterine fetal death, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth retardation, and preterm bih. HEA INVOLVEMENT IN NEONATAL LUPUS Complete hea block (CHB) is the most serious manifestation of the neonatal lupus syndrome (NLS), a congenital syndrome in which maternal IgG anti-Ro/SS-A autoantibodies cross the placenta and injure an otherwise normally developing hea. CHB is often regarded as a model of passively acquired autoimmunity in which antibodies are necessary but insufficient to cause CHB, and fetal factors are likely contributory . Reference: GHAI Essential pediatrics, 8th edition
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medmcqa/train.jsonl
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med_exam_qa
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[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
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