instruction
stringlengths 5
3.56k
| input
stringlengths 0
864
| output
stringlengths 10
22.6k
| source
stringclasses 12
values | category
stringclasses 498
values | matched_keywords
listlengths 1
3
⌀ | data_source
stringclasses 3
values | sample_id
stringlengths 1
28
⌀ | question_type
stringclasses 4
values | difficulty
stringclasses 3
values | species_involved
listlengths 0
3
⌀ | original_question
stringclasses 2
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antibiotic for both MRSA and VRSA is
|
A. Clarithromycin
B. Clindamycin
C. Linezolid
D. Lincomycin
|
正确答案: B. Clindamycin
解释: Ref:KDT 6/e p 733
|
medmcqa/train.jsonl
|
med_exam_qa
|
[
"MRSA",
"linezolid",
"mrsa"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Do sleep problems mediate the relationship between traumatic brain injury and development of mental health symptoms after deployment?
|
Military members screening positive for blast-related traumatic brain injury (TBI) may subsequently screen positive for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or depression. The role of sleep as a mediating factor in the development of mental health symptoms was explored. Prospective study with symptoms evaluated at two time points. Postdeployment service in Iraq, Afghanistan, or Kuwait during 2008 and 2009. There were 29,640 US Navy and Marine Corps men (29,019 who did not screen positive for PTS...
|
These results suggest that sleep problems mediate the effect of a positive TBI screening on the development of mental health disorders, and sleep problems may be an early indicator of risk for PTSD or depression.
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_unlabeled.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Do oats induce systemic or mucosal autoantibody response in children with coeliac disease?
|
A gluten-free diet omitting wheat, rye, and barley is the only effective treatment for coeliac disease. The necessity of excluding oats from the diet has remained controversial. We studied the toxicity of oats in children with coeliac disease during a 2-year follow-up by investigating jejunal transglutaminase 2 (TG2)-targeted IgA-class autoantibody deposits, a potentially more sensitive disease marker than serum antibodies or conventional histology. Twenty-three coeliac children in remission wer...
|
Consumption of oats does not induce TG2 autoantibody production at mucosal level in children with coeliac disease. Measurement of small-intestinal mucosal autoantibody deposits is suitable for monitoring treatment in coeliac patients.
结论: no
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
为什么在囊性纤维化（CF）患者中准确鉴定洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌至关重要？
|
在囊性纤维化患者中，准确鉴定洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌至关重要，因为该菌可导致肺部感染加重，并具有在患者间传播的风险。一旦被定植或感染，患者可能面临严格的隔离措施，在医疗和社会层面被视为‘被驱逐者’。因此，必须确保鉴定结果接近100%准确，以避免误诊带来的心理、社会及管理后果。商品化试剂盒可能存在误判，建议结合生化试验、CFA分析或分子技术进一步确证。
|
medllm-dataset-md-ocr/临床微生物学手册_上/临床微生物学手册_上.md
|
临床应用
| null |
llm_textbook
| null | null | null | null | null |
|
Does kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus g protein-coupled receptor enhance endothelial cell survival in part by upregulation of bcl-2?
|
Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) encoded G protein-coupled receptor (vGPCR) is a constitutively active lytic phase protein with significant homology to the human interleukin-8 receptor. vGPCR is necessary and sufficient to induce angiogenesis as well as the spindle cell proliferation characteristic of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) lesions. We previously demonstrated that Bcl-2, an antiapoptotic protein, is upregulated in KS lesions. The aim of this study was to determine if vGPCR enhances endo...
|
Taken together, the results demonstrate that Bcl-2 is a mediator of vGPCR-induced endothelial cell survival and is a downstream effector of Akt in this process.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"PCR",
"cre",
"virus"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
谢谢医生的解答，我会和医生详细讨论一下治疗方案，并做出决策。
|
对话历史:
问: 我得了胃溃疡，听说有的人需要手术治疗，那我是不是也需要手术呢？
答: 胃溃疡不一定需要手术治疗。目前，医生常常会使用药物进行治疗，如质子泵抑制剂和胃黏膜保护剂等。这些药物能够有效调理胃溃疡，并且有助于痊愈。不过，在某些情况下，手术可能是必要的。比如说，如果出现了胃溃疡引起的严重出血或幽门梗阻等情况，手术是不可避免的。此外，胃溃疡引起的恶变、不典型增生或者癌变等也需要手术处理。因此，在确定是否需要手术治疗之前，您需要经过全面的评估和诊断。
问: 手术治疗有什么风险吗？我有点担心。
答: 手术治疗胃溃疡可能会伴随一些风险，但是现在医疗技术已经非常先进，风险已经大大降低。根据患者的具体情况，医生会评估手术的风险和益处，确保手术的安全性和必要性。手术风险可能包括手术创伤、感染、出血、麻醉反应等。但是，专业的医生和医护团队会全程陪伴并为您提供全面的医学护理，以确保手术的成功和您的安全。
问: 那如果我不想手术，有别的治疗方法吗？
答: 如果您不愿意进行手术治疗，还有其他的治疗方法可供选择。如之前提到的药物治疗，包括胃黏膜保护剂和质子泵抑制剂等。此外，还有一些非手术的治疗方法，比如胃镜治疗、消除幽门螺旋杆菌、保持健康的生活习惯等。然而，具体的治疗方案需要根据您的具体病情和医生的建议来确定，建议您与医生进行进一步的详细咨询和讨论，以制定最适合您的治疗方案。
|
不客气，我很高兴能够为您提供帮助。如果您对治疗的方案还有其他疑问或者需要更多的信息，随时可以向我提问。祝您早日康复！
|
cmtmedqa/train.jsonl
|
chinese_medical_qa_内科
|
[
"感染"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does donepezil markedly improve long-term survival in rats with chronic heart failure after extensive myocardial infarction?
|
Vagal activation by electrical stimulation has been shown to improve the long-term survival of rats with chronic heart failure (CHF) after extensive myocardial infarction (MI). Acetylcholinesterase inhibition increases synaptic acetylcholine, and can disproportionately increase vagal tone. To develop an alternative therapy for CHF using a clinically available drug, the present study investigated whether oral donepezil, an acetylcholinesterase inhitor, could reproduce the beneficial effects of el...
|
Oral donepezil markedly improved the long-term survival of CHF rats by preventing pump failure and cardiac remodeling, indicating that donepezil may be a new alternative therapy for CHF.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Gettlers test is positive in -
|
A. Hanging
B. Drowning
C. Strangulation
D. Firearm injury
|
正确答案: A. Hanging
解释: Ans. is 'b' i.e., DrowningGettler testo Gettler test is done for drowning. It estimates chloride content of blood from both sides of heart. Normally the chloride content is equal in the right and left chambers of the heart (600 mg/100 ml). In fresh water drowning due to hemodilution the chloride content is decreased and in salt water drowning due to hemoconcentration the chloride content is increased in left side of heart. A 25% difference in chloride is significant but the test is of doubtful value.o Limitations of gettler test:-1. No value in atypical drowning; congenital cardiac defects as shunts and patent foramen ovale; and if drowning medium contains same amount of chloride.2. There is progressive loss of Cl- from blood after death. Therefore the test has to be made within a reasonably short time after death.
|
medmcqa/train.jsonl
|
med_exam_qa
|
[
"cre",
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
好的，我明白了。谢谢医生的建议！
|
对话历史:
问: 医生，我最近发现我的孩子发烧，体温高达39度，而且他的手脚感觉冰凉，这是怎么回事呢？
答: 您好，我是仲景智能医学助手。孩子发烧并且手脚冰凉可能有多种原因，如感染引起的热量过多，或者是寒冷环境导致的血液循环不畅等。请问您孩子有没有其他不适症状？
问: 孩子除了发烧和手脚冰凉之外，没有其他不适症状。
答: 谢谢您的回答。从您的描述来看，孩子可能患有感染性发热。感染性发热是由细菌或病毒感染引起的一种常见病症，常伴有发热、乏力等症状。而手脚冰凉可能是由于身体在发热时，会通过扩张血管来散热，从而导致末梢血管供血相对较少，给人的感觉就是手脚冰凉。建议您采取以下措施来处理孩子的情况：
1. 给孩子多喝温水，保持充足的水分摄入，以防脱水；
2. 注意孩子的饮食，推荐给他吃一些营养丰富、易消化的食物，如米粥、面条、水果等；
3. 让孩子多休息，避免剧烈活动，以帮助孩子降低体温和恢复体力；
4. 如果孩子的体温持续高热不退、出现呕吐、皮疹等症状，建议尽快就医，由专业医生进行进一步的诊断和治疗。
|
不客气，希望能对您有所帮助。如果您还有其他问题，我随时都可以为您解答。祝您的孩子早日康复！
|
cmtmedqa/train.jsonl
|
chinese_medical_qa_儿科
|
[
"病毒",
"感染",
"细菌"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Do depressive symptoms contribute to increased wave reflection during cold pressor test in young adult men?
|
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Although cardiovascular hyperactivity to stressors (e.g., cold pressor test (CPT)) is common in those with MDD, the aortic hemodynamic (AH) responses to sympatho-stimulation in healthy individuals with higher depressive scores (HDS) are not well understood. We hypothesized that individuals with HDS, compared with those with low depressive scores (LDS), would have greater changes in AH during the CPT. Thirty-five ma...
|
HDS may be associated with cardiac hyperactivity during sympatho-stimulation, contributing to increased central blood pressure, wave reflection, and myocardial work. Prospective studies to unveil mechanisms explaining increased AH in healthy individuals with high depressive symptomatology are warranted.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre",
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
检测到 Fusobacterium nucleatum，丰度为 0.12%，请评估其临床意义。
|
样本ID: ZYZJ05-A017
|
Fusobacterium nucleatum（具核梭杆菌）检测分析：
**1. 病原体特征**
- 检出丰度：0.12%
- 读数：74,794
- 致病类别：oral
- 临床风险等级：medium
**2. 临床意义评估**
该菌丰度较低（<1%），可能为低水平定植或过路菌。若患者有相关症状，仍需警惕；若无症状，可随访观察。
**3. 建议措施**
1. 结合临床症状评估
2. 必要时进行药敏试验
3. 动态监测菌量变化
| null | null | null |
csv_analysis
|
ZYZJ05-A017
|
pathogen
|
intermediate
|
[
"Fusobacterium nucleatum"
] | null |
Is color M-mode Doppler flow propagation velocity a preload insensitive index of left ventricular relaxation : animal and human validation?
|
To determine the effect of preload in color M-mode Doppler flow propagation velocity (v(p)). The interpretation of Doppler filling patterns is limited by confounding effects of left ventricular (LV) relaxation and preload. Color M-mode v(p) has been proposed as a new index of LV relaxation. We studied four dogs before and during inferior caval (IVC) occlusion at five different inotropic stages and 14 patients before and during partial cardiopulmonary bypass. Left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic v...
|
Our results indicate that color M-mode Doppler v(p) is not affected by preload alterations and confirms that LV relaxation is its main physiologic determinant in both animals during varying lusitropic conditions and in humans with heart disease.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does add-on montelukast to inhaled corticosteroids protect against excessive airway narrowing?
|
Excessive airway narrowing in response to broncho-active stimuli is a predictor for severe exacerbations in asthma. Leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) have complementary properties to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) on asthma control. The LTRA montelukast may provide an additional protection against excessive airway narrowing. We tested the add-on effects of montelukast on the maximal response plateau and PD(20) to inhaled methacholine in asthmatics on a stable dose of ICS. Thirty-one patien...
|
Add-on montelukast to ICS has disease-modifying effects in adults with persistent asthma, and hence reduces the risk of excessive airway narrowing (NCT 00913328).
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Is the expression of selenium-binding protein 1 decreased in uterine leiomyoma?
|
Selenium has been shown to inhibit cancer development and growth through the mediation of selenium-binding proteins. Decreased expression of selenium-binding protein 1 has been reported in cancers of the prostate, stomach, colon, and lungs. No information, however, is available concerning the roles of selenium-binding protein 1 in uterine leiomyoma. Using Western Blot analysis and immunohistochemistry, we examined the expression of selenium-binding protein 1 in uterine leiomyoma and normal myome...
|
The patient age ranged from 34 to 58 years with a mean of 44.3 years. Proliferative endometrium was seen in 8 patients, secretory endometrium in 7 patients, and atrophic endometrium in 5 patients. Two patients showed solitary leiomyoma, and eighteen patients revealed 2 to 5 tumors. Tumor size ranged from 1 to 15.5 cm with a mean of 4.3 cm. Both Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry showed a significant lower level of selenium-binding protein 1 in leiomyoma than in normal myometrium. Larger tumors had a tendency to show a lower level of selenium-binding protein 1 than smaller ones, but the difference did not reach a statistical significance. The expression of selenium-binding protein 1 was the same among patients with proliferative, secretory, and atrophic endometrium in either leiomyoma or normal myometrium. Also, we did not find a difference of selenium-binding protein 1 level between patients younger than 45 years and older patients in either leiomyoma or normal myometrium.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Do growth-retarded premature infants have different rates of perinatal morbidity and mortality than appropriately grown premature infants?
|
To determine if perinatal morbidity and mortality differ in growth-retarded, small for gestational age (SGA), premature infants and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants. All consecutive, singleton, nondiabetic, preterm pregnancies delivered over a 15-year period were analyzed. Infants were categorized as SGA (at or below the tenth percentile) or AGA (11th to the 89th percentiles), then stratified by birth weight and gestational age categories. Perinatal morbidity and mortality were exam...
|
Growth-retarded premature infants have a significantly higher risk of morbidity and mortality, both before and after delivery, than do appropriately grown infants.
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_unlabeled.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"uti",
"sepsis",
"Sepsis"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does exercise-induced severe ischaemia result in elevation of plasma troponin-T level in patients with chronic coronary artery disease?
|
It has been reported that the loss of cell membrane integrity during severe reversible ischaemia results in elevation of plasma troponin T (TnT) in unstable angina. We investigated whether TnT is released into circulation during severe ischaemia (e.g. on treadmill exercise testing) in patients with chronic coronary artery disease (CAD). The study comprised 54 patients who had angiographically documented CAD (22 of them had a prior history of myocardial infarction) and 18 normal subjects. All cas...
|
Severe ischaemia does not result in the elevation of the plasma TnT level in patients with chronic CAD.
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_unlabeled.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre",
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
好的，谢谢医生的建议。还有其他需要注意的地方吗？
|
对话历史:
问: 医生，我之前脸上受了伤，去医院缝针的时候用了美容针，我很担心伤口会留疤，有什么方法可以避免呢？
答: 您好，对于使用美容针缝合伤口而担心留下疤痕的问题，我可以给您一些建议。首先，我要强调的是，不同人的皮肤特性不同，恢复能力也不一样，所以并非所有伤口都会留下疤痕。但是，我们可以采取一些措施来最大限度地减少疤痕的形成。
问: 那请问您有什么具体的方法可以推荐吗？
答: 当然。首先，伤口刚缝合好之后，要保持伤口清洁和干燥，避免感染和过度湿润。您可以使用一些适合的抗菌消毒剂进行清洁，避免用力搓洗伤口。其次，避免在伤口表面使用刺激性物质，如酒精或过敏性的药物。另外，合理饮食，增加维生素C和蛋白质的摄入，有助于加速伤口愈合和减少疤痕形成。还有值得一提的是，保持伤口获得充分的休息，避免频繁活动该部位，以避免刺激和摩擦。
|
当然，还有一些额外的措施可以帮助减少疤痕形成。您可以使用一些适合的药膏或者软膏来促进疤痕修复的过程，如含有维生素E或者硅凝胶成分的产品。此外，定期进行伤口按摩也是有益的，但要注意按摩时的力度不要过大，以免对伤口产生过度压力。如果伤口已经完全愈合，您可以考虑进行激光治疗或其他美容修复方法来进一步改善疤痕的情况。
|
cmtmedqa/train.jsonl
|
chinese_medical_qa_整形美容
|
[
"感染"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Cervical lymph node relapses of head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma: is brachytherapy a therapeutic option?
|
To report the results of interstitial brachytherapy (IBT) without salvage surgery for isolated cervical lymph node relapses. From 1970 to 1989, 84 patients were treated; 76 patients had relapsed in sites of previous external beam radiation. In 72 patients, IBT was sole salvage treatment (mean, 56.5 Gy). In 12 patients IBT (mean, 38 Gy) was combined with further external beam radiotherapy (mean, 41 Gy). Local control in the neck was 49% at 1 year, 31% at 2 years, and 0% at 5 years. Overall surviv...
|
Given its poor efficiency and its toxicity, IBT must be considered only when surgery is contraindicated and if lymph node relapse occurs after a minimal interval of 18 months.
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_unlabeled.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Are elevated soluble P-selectin levels associated with an increased risk of early adverse events in patients with presumed myocardial ischemia?
|
Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) play a pivotal role in the interactions between leukocytes, platelets, and vascular endothelium. Soluble CAMs (sCAMs) are shed from cell surfaces and reflect cellular activation. Elevated levels of sCAMs have been reported in the acute coronary syndromes. We hypothesized, therefore, that sCAMs might prove of prognostic value in patients with acute chest pain presumed to be the result of myocardial ischemia. One hundred twenty-six consecutive patients with chest pai...
|
Elevated sP-selectin levels, but not those of other sCAMs, are predictors of early adverse events in patients with chest pain presumed caused by myocardial ischemia. Their utility in predicting the outcome of individual patients is, however, limited.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre",
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
该样本的菌群多样性结果意味着什么？能否判断存在菌群紊乱？
|
样本ID: 3749
|
菌群多样性分析：
**多样性指标解读：**
- Shannon指数：4.547
多样性非常高，菌群结构均匀
- Simpson指数：0.98
均匀度高，物种分布较为均衡
- 物种丰富度：416种
**菌群平衡状态评估：**
菌群平衡状态良好，微生态环境健康。
**可能原因分析：**
- 当前无明显异常因素
| null | null | null |
csv_analysis
|
3749
|
interpretation
|
intermediate
|
[] |
该样本的菌群多样性指标表明什么？是否存在菌群失调？
|
Regarding color blindness true:
|
A. Mainly congenital
B. Can be testes with Fanswoh 100 hue test
C. Isihara cha test red/green color blindness
D. All
|
正确答案: C. Isihara cha test red/green color blindness
解释: A i.e., Mainly congenital B i.e., Can be tested by Farnswoh 100 hue test; C i.e. Ishihara cha test red/ green colour blindness Tests for color vision Pseudoisochromatic chas - Ishihara plates mainly to screen congenital protan & deuterans (i.e., red & green defects)Q - Hardy -Rand - Rittler plates is more sensitive to Ishihara since it can defect all three congenital defects Edridge Green lantern test : the subject has to identify various colours shown to him (in lantern) & judgement depends on mistake he makes. City university test : a spectroscopic test where subject is asked to match central colour to its closest hue from 4 peripheral surrounding colour in each of 10 plates. Fanswoh Munsell 100 hue test is the most sensitiveQ for both congenital & aquired colour defects. It consists of 85 hue caps (not 100) and vision is judged by error score i.e., higher score = poorer vision. Fanswoh D 15 hue discrimination test is similar test but utilizes only 15 hue caps Nagel's anomaloscope (asked to mix red & green to make a given shade) Holmgren's wool testQ
|
medmcqa/train.jsonl
|
med_exam_qa
|
[
"cre",
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Criminal negligence is punishable under section 304 A for a maximum of -
|
A. 1 year
B. 2 years
C. 3 years
D. 5 years
|
正确答案: A. 1 year
解释: CRIMINAL NEGLIGENCE: The question of criminal negligence may arise: 1) When a doctor shows gross absence of skill or care during treatment resulting in serious injury or death of the patient. 2) When a doctor performs an illegal act. 3) When an assaulant person dies, the defence may attribute the death to the negligence in the treatment of the decreased by the doctor. PROSECUTION: Criminal negligence is more serious than the civil. section 304-A, I.P.C. deals with criminal negligence. Whoever causes the death of any person, by doing any rash or negligent act not amounting to culpable homicide, shall be punished with imprisonment up to 2 years, or with fine or with both. REF: Dr K. S. Narayan Reddys Synopsis of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology 29th edition pg. 23.
|
medmcqa/train.jsonl
|
med_exam_qa
|
[
"cre",
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Is the hypothalamic neuropeptide FF network impaired in hypertensive patients?
|
The human hypothalamus contains the neuropeptide FF (NPFF) neurochemical network. Animal experiments demonstrated that NPFF is implicated in the central cardiovascular regulation. We therefore studied expression of this peptide in the hypothalamus of individuals who suffered from essential hypertension (n = 8) and died suddenly due to acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and compared to that of healthy individuals (controls) (n = 6) who died abruptly due to mechanical trauma of the chest. The froz...
|
The decreased NPFF expression in the hypothalamus of hypertensive patients might be a cause of impairment of its interaction with other neurochemical systems, and thereby might be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does elevated vascular angiotensin converting enzyme mediate increased neointima formation after balloon injury in spontaneously hypertensive rats?
|
To measure the effect of hypertension on neointima formation after balloon injury of rat aorta and its association with the local angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) concentration. Balloon angioplasty of the thoracic aorta using a 2 French Fogarty catheter was performed in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The injured aortic wall of SHR had already significantly higher ACE concentrations than did the uninjured aortic wall of normotensive SD rats (me...
|
Neointima formation after balloon angioplasty in SHR is increased compared with that in normotensive SD rats. This is due mainly to there being a higher degree of activation of the renin-angiotensin system in the aorta of the SHR before and after balloon injury compared with that in normotensive SD rats measured in terms of the increased vascular ACE concentrations. Blood pressure alone had only a moderate effect on neointima formation.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
All of the following are false about Tenapanor except:
|
A. It is indicated for use in diarrhoea predominant IBS
B. Can be used in children < 6 years
C. Acts by inhibiting NHE3 on enterocytes, reducing reabsorption of sodium in small intestine
D. Constipation is a serious adverse effect
|
正确答案: C. Acts by inhibiting NHE3 on enterocytes, reducing reabsorption of sodium in small intestine
解释: Tenapanor Small molecule medication approved in September 2019 for the treatment of constipation-predominant irritable bowel-syndrome (IBS-C). MOA - Inhibitor of the sodium/hydrogen exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3) transpoer First and currently only medication within its class By inhibiting NHE3 on the apical surface of the enterocytes, tenapanor reduces absorption of sodium from the small intestine and colon, Resulting in an increase in water secretion into the intestinal lumen, which accelerates intestinal transit time and results in a softer stool consistency. Recommended dosage in adults - 50 mg orally twice daily- prior to breakfast or the first meal of the day and immediately prior to dinner C/I Patients< 6 years of age due to the risk of serious dehydration, Patients with known or suspected mechanical gastrointestinal obstruction
|
medmcqa/train.jsonl
|
med_exam_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Surgical Risk Calculator Accurately Predict Risk of 30-Day Complications Among Patients Undergoing Microvascular Head and Neck Reconstruction?
|
The American College of Surgeons (ACS) National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) Surgical Risk Calculator (SRC) is a novel universal risk calculator designed to aid in risk stratification of patients undergoing various types of major surgery. The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of the ACS NSQIP SRC in predicting postoperative complications in patients undergoing microvascular head and neck reconstruction. A retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing head and n...
|
The ACS NSQIP SRC is not a useful risk-stratifying metric for patients undergoing major head and neck reconstruction with microvascular fibular free flaps. The SRC also does not accurately predict hospital LOS for this same patient cohort.
结论: no
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Is the mitochondrial genome structure of Xenoturbella bocki ( phylum Xenoturbellida ) ancestral within the deuterostomes?
|
Mitochondrial genome comparisons contribute in multiple ways when inferring animal relationships. As well as primary sequence data, rare genomic changes such as gene order, shared gene boundaries and genetic code changes, which are unlikely to have arisen through convergent evolution, are useful tools in resolving deep phylogenies. Xenoturbella bocki is a morphologically simple benthic marine worm recently found to belong among the deuterostomes. Here we present analyses comparing the Xenoturbel...
|
The mitochondrial genome of Xenoturbella bocki has a very conserved gene arrangement in the deuterostome group, strikingly similar to that of the hemichordates and the chordates, and thus to the ancestral deuterostome gene order. Similarity to the hemichordates in particular is suggested by inversion and breakpoint analysis. Finally, while phylogenetic analyses of the mitochondrial sequences support a basal deuterostome placement, support for this decreases with the use of more sophisticated models of sequence evolution.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre",
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does activation of prostaglandin E2 EP1 receptor increase arteriolar tone and blood pressure in mice with type 2 diabetes?
|
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is frequently associated with hypertension, but the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. We tested the hypothesis that activation of type 1 prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) receptor (EP1) increases skeletal muscle arteriolar tone and blood pressure in mice with type 2 diabetes. In 12-week-old, male db/db mice (with homozygote mutation in leptin receptor), systolic blood pressure was significantly elevated, compared with control heterozygotes. Isolated, pressur...
|
Activation of EP1 receptors increases arteriolar tone, which could contribute to the development of hypertension in the db/db mice.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
根据该样本的菌群多样性指标，可以得出怎样的结论？是否存在微生物群落失调？
|
样本ID: 4454
|
菌群多样性分析：
**多样性指标解读：**
- Shannon指数：5.737
多样性非常高，菌群结构均匀
- Simpson指数：0.992
均匀度高，物种分布较为均衡
- 物种丰富度：880种
**菌群平衡状态评估：**
菌群平衡状态良好，微生态环境健康。
**可能原因分析：**
- 当前无明显异常因素
| null | null | null |
csv_analysis
|
4454
|
interpretation
|
intermediate
|
[] |
该样本的菌群多样性指标表明什么？是否存在菌群失调？
|
Do prevention of Staphylococcus aureus burn wound colonization by nasal mupirocin?
|
There are two important routes for the transmission of Staphylococcus aureus to the burn wound. In the endogenous route, patients naturally carrying S. aureus colonize their own wounds, whereas in the exogenous route burn wounds are cross-infected from other sources. In this study we evaluated the effect of blocking the endogenous route on S. aureus burn wound colonization by mupirocin application in the nose of patients at the time of admission. From September 2000 to January 2002 all patients ...
|
Nasal mupirocin may contribute to risk reduction of S. aureus wound colonization in patients with burns.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"staphylococcus aureus",
"colonization"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Is quantification of ZAP70 mRNA in B cells by real-time PCR a powerful prognostic factor in chronic lymphocytic leukemia?
|
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is heterogeneous with respect to prognosis and clinical outcome. The mutational status of the immunoglobulin variable heavy chain region (IGHV) has been used to classify patients into 2 groups in terms of overall survival (OS) and clinical characteristics, but the labor-intensive nature and the cost of this time-consuming analysis has prompted investigations of surrogate markers. We developed a standardized quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR (qPCR...
|
ZAP70 mRNA quantification via qPCR is a strong surrogate marker of IGHV mutational status and a powerful prognostic factor.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"PCR",
"pcr"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
检测到 Tannerella forsythia，丰度为 0.33%，请评估其临床意义。
|
样本ID: JXEY01B001
|
Tannerella forsythia（福赛坦氏菌）检测分析：
**1. 病原体特征**
- 检出丰度：0.33%
- 读数：111,199
- 致病类别：oral
- 临床风险等级：medium
**2. 临床意义评估**
该菌丰度较低（<1%），可能为低水平定植或过路菌。若患者有相关症状，仍需警惕；若无症状，可随访观察。
**3. 建议措施**
1. 结合临床症状评估
2. 必要时进行药敏试验
3. 动态监测菌量变化
| null | null | null |
csv_analysis
|
JXEY01B001
|
pathogen
|
intermediate
|
[
"Tannerella forsythia"
] | null |
In case of Adenomatoid goitre which carcinoma is commonest to occur -
|
A. Medullary Ca
B. Follicular Ca
C. Papillary Ca
D. Anaplastic Ca
|
正确答案: A. Medullary Ca
解释: "An increased incidence of cancer (usually follicular) has been reported from endemic areas. Dominant or rapidly growing nodules in longstanding goitres should always be subjected to aspiration cytology." - Bailey & Love
|
medmcqa/train.jsonl
|
med_exam_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Allergic fungal sinusitis: can we predict the recurrence?
|
The goal of the present study was to find out if recurrence can be predicted in cases of allergic fungal sinusitis. We also studied the influence of postoperative corticosteroid therapy on recurrence following surgery. This study was conducted at the ENT Department of Al Nahdha Hospital, which is a tertiary referral and teaching hospital in Muscat, Sultanate of Oman. The study is a retrospective analysis of 32 cases of allergic fungal sinusitis. Age, sex, extent of disease, and preoperative seru...
|
At the present time, it is not possible to predict recurrence using parameters of age, sex, extent of disease, and serum IgE levels. Larger number of patients preferably in a prospective multicenter meta study are required to address this issue. Though use of systemic corticosteroid does not decrease the incidence of recurrence, it may delay the onset of recurrence and decrease the severity of recurrence.
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_unlabeled.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Are atherosclerotic changes in the carotid artery bulb as measured by B-mode ultrasound associated with the extent of coronary atherosclerosis?
|
Ultrasound is increasingly used to measure atherosclerotic development in carotid and femoral arteries. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between coronary atherosclerosis as measured by quantitative angiography and peripheral atherosclerosis as measured by ultrasound in three different arterial regions. Patients (n = 32) with at least two coronary segments with visible signs of atherosclerosis as defined in a computer-assisted analysis of coronary angiograms were also exa...
|
Although this study is small, it points to a very important aspect of ultrasound measurements of atherosclerosis: measurements performed in the common carotid artery or the femoral artery may not relate to coronary atherosclerosis in the same way as measurements performed in the carotid bulb. The findings underline the importance of measuring IMT not only in the common carotid artery but also in the carotid bulb and present data separately. These results have to be confirmed in a larger-scale study.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
明白了，我会留意孩子的咳嗽情况，并根据您给出的建议进行处理。非常感谢您的帮助！
|
对话历史:
问: 我的孩子入冬后就一直不停地咳嗽，儿童咳嗽咋办？
答: 你好，我是仲景智能医学助手。对于孩子咳嗽问题，我们首先需要了解一下咳嗽的症状。请问你孩子咳嗽的症状是湿咳还是干咳呢？
问: 嗯，我觉得是湿咳，咳嗽声音比较重，有时候还伴有痰。
答: 湿咳伴有痰可能是由于呼吸道感染引起的。入冬后，季节寒冷且空气湿度较低，容易造成呼吸道病毒感染。建议给孩子多喝温水保持室内通风，避免过度干燥。同时，你可以给孩子用温水洗脸、漱口，以减少病毒的传播。此外，你还可以给孩子使用一些药物来缓解症状，如止咳药和祛痰药。但在使用药物之前，请确保你孩子没有对这些药物过敏。如果症状持续且加重，建议尽快到医院就诊，以便医生进行进一步的诊断和治疗。
问: 好的，我会注意保持室内通风，并按照你的建议给孩子使用药物。还有，有没有一些家庭疗法可以帮助缓解孩子的咳嗽呢？
答: 当然有。在家庭护理方面，你可以考虑给孩子使用一些自然疗法来缓解咳嗽症状。比如，可以给孩子喝一些蜂蜜水，蜂蜜有镇咳、止咳的功效；或者给孩子喝热柠檬水，柠檬中的维生素C有助于增强免疫力。此外，你还可以给孩子做一些温水熏脚，有助于促进血液循环和提高免疫力。不过，在尝试这些家庭疗法之前，请确保你的孩子对相关食物没有过敏。
问: 谢谢医生的建议，我会尽快采取行动。对了，如果孩子咳嗽持续时间过长，有哪些情况需要尽快就医呢？
答: 如果孩子咳嗽持续时间超过两周，或者咳嗽伴有呼吸急促、发热、食欲减退等症状，建议尽快到医院就诊。这些情况可能表明孩子的病情较为复杂，需要医生进一步诊断和治疗。此外，如果孩子出现咳嗽后呼吸困难、咳嗽声音异常、胸闷等症状，也需要及时就医。
|
不用客气，希望孩子早日康复。如果还有其他问题，随时可以向我咨询。祝您和孩子身体健康！
|
cmtmedqa/train.jsonl
|
chinese_medical_qa_儿科
|
[
"病毒",
"呼吸道感染",
"感染"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
好的，我明白了。我会尽快咨询专业医生的意见的。谢谢你的建议。
|
对话历史:
问: 我朋友是乙肝大三阳，我想知道乙肝大三阳的人可以喂母乳吗？
答: 乙肝大三阳是指乙肝病毒表面抗原、乙肝病毒e抗原和乙肝病毒核心抗体都呈阳性。对于乙肝大三阳的人，建议遵医嘱进行医学观察和评估是否可进行母乳喂养。
问: 那乙肝大三阳的人喂母乳会传染给宝宝吗？
答: 是的，乙肝病毒是通过母婴垂直传播的一种病毒。如果宝宝在出生前就被感染了，即使母乳喂养也可能会传播病毒，增加宝宝感染乙肝的风险。
问: 那我应该怎么做呢？是不是应该先咨询专业的医生？
答: 是的，作为一名医学助手，我建议您咨询专业医生的意见。乙肝病毒感染对于母婴的风险和处理方式是复杂的，需要专业医生的评估和指导。
|
不客气，希望您能得到专业医生的指导，保障自己和宝宝的健康。如果您还有其他关于乙肝大三阳的问题，可以随时向我咨询。
|
cmtmedqa/train.jsonl
|
chinese_medical_qa_其他
|
[
"病毒",
"感染",
"乙肝病毒"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
微量中和试验在Vero细胞上的操作特点及结果判读标准是什么？
|
微量中和试验可在96孔板上使用Vero细胞进行，具有高通量、节省试剂的优点。病毒滴度测定采用连续稀释法（自动或手工），每孔加入0.05ml浓度为1.75×10⁵细胞/ml的Vero细胞悬液，共6孔重复。密封后于35~36℃培养5天，用结晶紫-甲醛溶液染色。滴定终点为5天内显示0~1+染色（对应4+~3+ CPE）的最高病毒稀释度。SN试验时使用此终点前一稀释度的病毒（即2U病毒）与系列稀释的加热灭活抗血清混合，接种后同样孵育5天并染色。通过肉眼观察未感染细胞的染色完整性来判读结果，完全阻止CPE的最高血清稀释度的倒数定义为中和抗体滴度，用于血清型鉴定。
|
medllm-dataset-md-ocr/临床微生物学手册_下/临床微生物学手册_下.md
|
临床应用
| null |
llm_textbook
| null | null | null | null | null |
|
Are paraoxonase-1 gene Leu-Met55 and Gln-Arg192 polymorphisms associated with carotid artery atherosclerosis in a population-based cohort?
|
Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is an enzyme that prevents low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation. The role of polymorphisms of PON1 determining early atherosclerotic changes is currently unclear. Cross sectional cohort study. Nine hundred and ninety-nine subjects from a population-based cohort were screened. Intima-media thickness (IMT) was measured by ultrasonography. Leu-Met55 and Gln-Arg192 polymorphism were determined. No association between PON1 genotypes and IMT was found. This finding remained aft...
|
The PON1 Leu-Met55 and Gln-Arg192 polymorphisms are not major risk factors for atherosclerosis in the general Caucasian population.
结论: no
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does wash-out of DMSO improve the speed of engraftment of cord blood transplantation : follow-up of 46 adult patients with units shipped from a single cord blood bank?
|
Prolonged periods of marrow hypoplasia have been a problem in cord blood transplantation. DMSO is thought to produce osmotic shock to the progenitors when the thawed cells are infused into the patients. To solve this problem, a 2x dilution method originally developed in the New York Blood Center showed earlier myeloid engraftment,1 although follow-up clinical studies have not performed. To clarify the influence of the removal of DMSO by this method on the speed of engraftment in unrelated cord b...
|
A 2x dilution after thawing cord blood did not result in the improvement of myeloid engraftment speed.
结论: no
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Is nRG1 required for glucose repression of the SUC2 and GAL genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae?
|
Glucose repression of transcription in the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been shown to be controlled by several factors, including two repressors called Mig1 and Mig2. Past results suggest that other repressors may be involved in glucose repression. By a screen for factors that control transcription of the glucose-repressible SUC2 gene of S. cerevisiae, the NRG1 gene was identified. Analysis of an nrg1Delta mutant has demonstrated that mRNA levels are elevated at both the SUC2 and of the ...
|
The analysis of nrg1Delta demonstrates that Nrg1 plays a role in glucose repression of the SUC2 and GAL genes of S. cerevisiae. Thus, three repressors, Nrg1, Mig1, and Mig2, are involved as the downstream targets of the glucose signaling in S. cerevisiae.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Olympian brown and rhagdes are seen in-
|
A. CMV inclusion disease
B. Ectodermal dysplasia
C. Congenital syphilis
D. Hyper IgE syndrome
|
正确答案: B. Ectodermal dysplasia
解释: Ans. c. Congenital syphilisClinical Presentation of SyphilisEarly Congenital Syphilis:Snuffles (rhinitis)Q is earliest feature.Lesions are vesicobullousQ, and snail track ulcers on mucosaClinical Presentation of SyphilisLate Congenital Syphilis:Characterized by Hutchinson's triad (interstitial keratitis + 8th nerve deafness + Hutchinson's teeth i.e. peggedcentral upper incisors)QSaddle nose, sabre tibia, mulberry molarsQBull dog's jaw (protrusion of jaw)Rhagadesdeg (linear fissure at mouth, nares)Frontal bossing, hot cross bun deformity of skullClutton's jointdeg (painless swelling of joints, most commonly both knee)Palatal perforationdegHigaumenakis sign (periostitis leads to unilateral enlargement of sterna end of clavicle)Primary Syphilis:Painless, indurated, nonbleeding, usually single punched out ulcer (hard chancre)QPainless, rubbery shotty lymphadenopathySecondary Syphilis:Bilateral symmetrical asymptomatic localized or diffuse mucocutaneous lesiondeg (macule, papule, paulosquamousand rarely pustule)Non-tender generalized lymphadenopathyQHighly infectious condylomata late, in warm moist interiginous areasMoth eaten alopecia, ahritis, proteinuriaQTeiary Syphilis:Gumma, neurosyphilis/tabes dorsalisQOstitis, periostitisAoitis, aoic insufficiency, coronary stenosis and nocturnal anginaQ
|
medmcqa/validation.jsonl
|
med_exam_qa
|
[
"cmv",
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Screening and treating amblyopia: are we making a difference?
|
To determine the rate of amblyopia in native Jewish Israelis compared with those who immigrated from the former Soviet Union (U.S.S.R.) after they were 10 years of age. Health records of all 16-year-old subjects examined in the Israel Defense Forces Recruitment Center between 1998 and 2003 were analyzed. The number of subjects with best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 6/12 or less in at least one eye among native Israelis and among those who immigrated to Israel from the U.S.S.R. after they we...
|
The difference in the rate of refractive amblyopia as opposed to strabismic and deprivation amblyopia may be due to the difference in vision screening methods between both countries.
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_unlabeled.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Is posttraumatic benign paroxysmal positional vertigo different from the idiopathic form?
|
Although head trauma is considered a common cause of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), clinical presentation and outcome of traumatic BPPV (t-BPPV) have not been systematically evaluated. To compare the clinical presentation, patient's response to physical treatment, and outcome of patients with t-BPPV with those with the idiopathic form (i-BBPV). Tertiary referral neuro-otology outpatient clinic. We reviewed the clinical records of 247 consecutive patients with posterior canal BPPV d...
|
The nature and severity of the traumas causing t-BPPV are diverse, ranging from minor head injuries to more severe head and neck trauma with brief loss of consciousness. It appears that t-BPPV is more difficult to treat than i-BPPV, and also has a greater tendency to recur.
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_unlabeled.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Varicella zoster virus belongs to which family of DNA viruses -
|
A. Poxviridae
B. Herpesviridae
C. Adenoviridae
D. Papovaviridae
|
正确答案: A. Poxviridae
解释: Ans. is 'b' i.e., Herpesviridae DNA virusesPoxviridae :-Variola, vaccinia, cowpox, monkeypox, tanapox, mofluscum contagiosumHerpesviridae :- HSV-1, HSV-2, varicella-zoster, EBV, CMV. HTLV-1, RK-virusAdenoviride :- AdenovirusParvoviridae :-Parvovirus, Adenosatello virus, DensovirusPapovaviridae :-Papilloma virus (HPV), PotyomavirusHepadnaviridae :-Hepatitis-B vims
|
medmcqa/train.jsonl
|
med_exam_qa
|
[
"cmv",
"virus",
"ebv"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does a murine model for retinopathy of prematurity identify endothelial cell proliferation as a potential mechanism for plus disease?
|
To characterize the features and possible mechanism of plus disease in the mouse oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model for retinopathy of prematurity. Wild-type and Adam (A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase) knockout mice were exposed to 75% oxygen from postnatal day 7 to 12 (P7 to P12) (hyperoxia), then returned to normal air (relative hypoxia). Live fundus imaging and fluorescein angiography at P17 were compared to immunofluorescence analysis of flat-mounted retinas. Two hallmarks of plus dis...
|
The mouse OIR model can be used to study the pathogenesis of plus disease and identify potential therapeutic targets. The severity of plus disease increases over time following OIR and correlates with increased proliferation of endothelial cells, suggesting that proliferation of vascular cells may be a mechanism underlying the development of plus disease. Moreover, our findings suggest that ADAMs 8, 9, and 10 could be targets for treatment of plus disease.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre",
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does alcohol ablation at the posterior papillary muscle prevent ventricular fibrillation in swine without affecting mitral valve function?
|
Radiofrequency ablation at the posterior papillary muscle (PM) significantly reduced ventricular fibrillation (VF) inducibility in rabbits and dogs, suggesting that PM may be involved in the generation of VF. However, the effect of ablation at the PM on VF inducibility remains unknown in normal intact swine hearts because in this species radiofrequency energy delivered at PM provoked incessant VF. Twelve anesthetized swine underwent median sternotomy. Under the ultrasonographic guidance, chemica...
|
Alcohol ablation of the left posterior PM reduced VF inducibility in normal intact swine hearts, with no significant mitral regurgitation. This suggests that the posterior PM may be involved in the generation of VF, and the recurrence of VF may be prevented by chemical ablation at the posterior PM.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does the human hGSTA5 gene encode an enzymatically active protein?
|
Of the five human Alpha-class glutathione transferases, expression of hGSTA5 has not been experimentally documented, even though in silico the hGSTA5 sequence can be assembled into a mRNA and translated. The present work was undertaken to determine whether hGSTA5 is functional. Human K562 cells were transfected with the hGSTA5 gene driven by the CMV promoter, and hGSTA5 cDNA was recovered from mature mRNA by reverse transcription. The cDNA was used in bacterial and eukaryotic protein expression ...
|
hGSTA5 can be processed to a mature mRNA which is translation-competent, producing a catalytically active enzyme.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cmv",
"bacteria",
"Bacteria"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Cutaneous infection due to exogenous exposure to TB bacilli in a person who is already sensitized by previous exposure to TB leads to:
|
A. Lupus vulgaris
B. TB chancre
C. Erythema induratum
D. TB veruccosa cutis
|
正确答案: C. Erythema induratum
解释: TB verrucosa cutis also called as anatomist's / pathologist's wart ,presents as wart / cauliflower like hypertrophic lesions typically over fingers and feet.
|
medmcqa/train.jsonl
|
med_exam_qa
|
[
"cre",
"infection",
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
All are true about salmonella hepatitis except:
|
A. High grade fever with relative bradycardia
B. Biochemical profile suggestive of infiltrative liver disease pattern
C. Usually Anicteric
D. ALT / LDH ratio will be >5
|
正确答案: C. Usually Anicteric
解释: SALMONELLA HEPATITIS High fever / Relative bradycardia . Biochemical profile suggestive of infiltrative process . Dispropoionately increased ALP is seen Many cases are anicteric ALT / LDH ratio is <4 . If the ratio is >5 is suggestive of viral hepatitis . liver histology show ballooning degeneration with vacuolation and biliary canalicular injury Occasionally lymphoid models seen. Fluoroquinolone is the therapy of choice. Other useful drugs- Azithromycin/ ceftriaxone / Cefotaxime. Ref: schiff's diseases of liver : E - 11.P-233.
|
medmcqa/train.jsonl
|
med_exam_qa
|
[
"cre",
"salmonella",
"fluoroquinolone"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Is prolonged mounted patrolling a risk factor for developing knee pain in Danish military personnel deployed to the Helmand Province?
|
Non-battle injuries have been the leading cause of medical evacuation in the recent wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. This study investigates the hypothesis, that the occurrence of knee problems could be associated with mounted patrolling in armoured vehicles independent of other risk factors. Retrospective questionnaire-based cohort study of Danish soldiers deployed to Afghanistan during 1 February-31 July 2013. 307 soldiers included. Response rate 70%. 33% reported knee pain. Significant associati...
|
A major concern regarding knee problems among Danish deployed military personnel is identified. The risk of suffering from knee problems and the severity of symptoms increase with the amount of time spent inside a vehicle on mounted patrols.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Is sterile water unnecessary in a continuous positive airway pressure convection-type humidifier in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome?
|
We investigated the necessity of using sterile water in humidifiers for avoiding respiratory tract infections during nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) therapy. Water in a convection-type humidifier (Sirius; Heinen and Löwenstein GmbH; Bad Ems, Germany) was labeled with (99m)Tc-diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid. Low-flow (2 L/min, 4 L/min, or 6 L/min) and high-flow (31 to 46 L/min) rates were applied, rates typical for nCPAP. Heat and moisture exchange filters were placed behin...
|
The convection-type humidifier produces water vapor but does not aerosolize the water. We conclude that bacteria, other microorganisms, or even solutes that may be contained in the water cannot be transported into the air and thus will not be deposited in the lung. In order to avoid respiratory tract infections, sterile water is not required, at least in this particular humidifier. We suggest that nonsterile tap water is probably a safe alternative.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"bacteria",
"infection",
"Bacteria"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Do brugia malayi microfilariae induce a regulatory monocyte/macrophage phenotype that suppresses innate and adaptive immune responses?
|
Monocytes and macrophages contribute to the dysfunction of immune responses in human filariasis. During patent infection monocytes encounter microfilariae in the blood, an event that occurs in asymptomatically infected filariasis patients that are immunologically hyporeactive. To determine whether blood microfilariae directly act on blood monocytes and in vitro generated macrophages to induce a regulatory phenotype that interferes with innate and adaptive responses. Monocytes and in vitro genera...
|
Conclusively, our study demonstrates that Mf lysate stimulation of monocytes from healthy donors in vitro induces a regulatory phenotype, characterized by expression of PD-L1 and IL-10. This phenotype is directly reflected in monocytes from filarial patients with asymptomatic infection but not patients with pathology or endemic normals. We suggest that suppression of T cell functions typically seen in lymphatic filariasis is caused by microfilaria-modulated monocytes in an IL-10-dependent manner. Together with suppression of macrophage innate responses, this may contribute to the overall down-regulation of immune responses observed in asymptomatically infected patients.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"infection"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does serum calcium concentration affect signal changes on diffusion-weighted imaging in hypoglycemic encephalopathy?
|
Abnormal signals in brain DWI may appear in patients with HE. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical condition and various physiologic factors between patients with HE with and without abnormal signal intensity changes on DWI. We retrospectively enrolled patients with HE who underwent brain DWI studies from January 2002 to November 2010. A diagnosis of HE was defined as low serum glucose levels (<50 mg/dL) with alteration of consciousness. Several clinical conditions and physiologic p...
|
One-third of patients with HE had abnormal signals on brain DWI, and patients with low serum calcium levels may be less likely to present with abnormal DWI signals.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does poly ( ADP-ribose ) polymerase inhibition reduce tumor necrosis factor-induced inflammatory response in rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts?
|
To investigate the effect of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition on the production of inflammatory mediators and proliferation in tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-stimulated fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Cultured FLS from patients with RA were treated with two PARP inhibitors, 3,4-dihydro-5-[4-1(1-piperidinyl)buthoxy]-1(2H)-isoquinolinona (DPQ) or 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimida (ANI) before TNF stimulation. PARP-1 expression was also suppressed...
|
PARP inhibition reduces the production of inflammatory mediators and the proliferation of RA FLS (in response to TNF), suggesting that PARP inhibitors could have therapeutic benefits in RA.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre",
"uti",
"culture"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
A boy with skin ulcer on leg, culture reveals beta hemolysis. Cultures from school children with sore throat some days back also revealed beta hemolysis. What is the similarity between bothaEUR'
|
A. Mec A gene is related to it
B. M protein is same
C. C carbohydrate antigen is same
D. Strains causing both are same
|
正确答案: B. M protein is same
解释: C carbohydrate antigen is the same [Ref: Ananthnarayan 8/e p 205-101 fi Hemolysis in an organism causing skin infections and sore throat suggests streptococcus pyogenes or Group A streptococcus infection. Group A streptococcus commonly causes : Skin infections (impetigo, Erysipelas) Sore throat (pharyngitis) Streptococci are first classified on the basis of their hemolytic propeies The fi hemolytic streptococci or the hemolytic streptococci are fuher classified based on the nature of a carbohydrate antigen present in the cell wall. - This classification is based upon antigenic differences in the group specific polysaccharide located in the bacterial cell wall. - More than 20 serologic groups have been identified and are designated by letters (A - V) except 1 and G. The carbohydrate or the "C" antigen are "group specific" i.e.,a paicular group will have a specific antigen. - The "C antigen" or the carbohydrate antigen would be same in all the streptococci of a paicular group. Majority of streptococci that produce human infections belong to group "A" also known as streptococcus pyogenes. The group "A" streptococci are fuher subdivided into type specific antisera Griffith based on M proteins. "Streptococcus A" or streptococcus pyogenes is an impoant cause of human infections. The two most common infections associated with streptococcus are . ? Skin infections --> Impetigo, Erysipelas Throat infections --> Pharyngitis The streptococcus bacteria causing the two infections belongs to the same lancefield group they both have same carbohydrate A antigen in their cell wall but they have difference in their surface M protein, i.e. they belong to different strains of streptococcus A. -Base on M protein the streptococcal 'A' group is divided into 80 strains. - Different strains of streptococci are associated with different infections. The throat infection and the skin infection are caused by different strains of the same lancefield group of streptococci. - A paicular lancefied group is divided into different strains based on "M proteins". -The M protein in the strain causing pharyngitis is quite different from the strain causing impetigo. - But both these strains belong to the same lancefield group and contains the same carbohydrate (A) antigen. - Impetigo is caused by higher number of M types 49, 53-55 - Throat infection caused by lower number M types Serotypes 1, 12 The question asks about the similarity between the two bacterias which is the presence of same carbohydrate antigen in their cell wall.
|
medmcqa/train.jsonl
|
med_exam_qa
|
[
"bacteria",
"infection",
"culture"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
索非布韦在尿液中的排泄情况如何？肾功能不全患者是否需要调整剂量？
|
索非布韦的代谢产物GS-331007主要通过肾脏排泄，尿液排泄率较高，在给药后0～24小时内可检测到大量原型代谢物排出。由于其依赖肾功能清除，因此在中重度肾功能不全或终末期肾病患者中，GS-331007会显著蓄积，可能增加不良反应风险。根据指南，对于eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73m²的患者应避免使用索非布韦，或根据具体情况调整剂量并密切监测。
|
medllm-dataset-md-ocr/热病桑福德抗微生物治疗指南/热病桑福德抗微生物治疗指南.md
|
临床应用
| null |
llm_textbook
| null | null | null | null | null |
|
Does imbalance of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and adiponectin predispose Kawasaki disease patients to developing atherosclerosis?
|
It remains controversial whether Kawasaki disease (KD) is a risk factor for the onset of atherosclerosis. An imbalance of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and adiponectin appears to play a role in the onset of atherosclerosis in adults, and we therefore examined PPARγ mRNA expression and adiponectin profiles in the peripheral white blood cells obtained from KD patients. A total of 50 subjects were studied: nine patients with acute KD, 20 patients with convalescent KD, and 21 ...
|
The transcript abundance of PPARγ and low levels of high-molecular-weight adiponectin in KD patients may have important clinical implications on the development of premature atherosclerosis. Because the potential risk for developing atherosclerosis has not yet been verified, long-term observation is important, even in convalescent KD patients without coronary artery lesions.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Are hLA-B60 and B61 strongly associated with ankylosing spondylitis in HLA-B27-negative Taiwan Chinese patients?
|
Carriage of HLA-B60 has been shown to increase the risk of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in B27-positive Caucasian patients, but the association in B27-negative cases is less certain. This study assessed HLA class I gene associations in Chinese HLA-B27-negative AS patients. Forty-one Chinese HLA-B27-negative AS patients fulfilling the modified New York diagnostic criteria for AS were recruited, and 11 383 HLA-B27-negative blood donors were used for comparison. HLA-A and -B typing was done with the...
|
In Taiwan Chinese, carriage of B60 is increased in HLA-B27-negative AS patients. The association between B61 and HLA-B27-negative AS patients has not been reported previously. Whether the gene involved is HLA-B60 or B61 or another gene in linkage disequilibrium with these genes is unknown.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre",
"susceptibility"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
All are important causes of UTI except-
|
A. E coli
B. Proteus
C. Klebsiella
D. Streptococcus viridans
|
正确答案: C. Klebsiella
解释: Ans. is 'd' i.e.. Streptococcus viridanso The dominant etiologic agents, accounting for more than 85% of cases of urinary tract infection, are the gram-negative bacilli that are normal inhabitants of intestinal tract,o By far the most common is Escherichia coli, followed by proteus, klebsiella, and Enterobacter.o In most patients with urinary tract infection, the infecting organisms are derived from the patient's own fecal flora. This is thus a form of endogenous infection.
|
medmcqa/train.jsonl
|
med_exam_qa
|
[
"infection",
"escherichia coli",
"urinary tract infection"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
对于无法耐受复方磺胺甲噁唑的肺孢子菌肺炎患者，有哪些替代抗微生物药物选择？
|
对于不能耐受复方磺胺甲噁唑（TMP-SMX）的肺孢子菌肺炎（PJP）患者，可选用以下替代方案：1) 氨苯砜联合甲氧苄啶（Dapsone + Trimethoprim）；2) 克林霉素联合伯氨喹（Clindamycin + Primaquine），后者对有G6PD缺乏风险的患者需慎用并检测G6PD活性；3) 喷他脒（Pentamidine），可通过静脉或雾化吸入给药，但静脉使用时不良反应较多，如肾毒性、低血糖、心律失常等。中重度患者还可考虑加用糖皮质激素以减少炎症反应和改善预后。
|
medllm-dataset-md-ocr/热病桑福德抗微生物治疗指南/热病桑福德抗微生物治疗指南.md
|
临床应用
| null |
llm_textbook
| null | null | null | null | null |
|
好的，谢谢医生的解答。
|
对话历史:
问: 医生您好，请问感染新冠病毒10天后复阳应该怎么处理呢？
答: 您好！根据您的描述，如果在感染新冠病毒并隔离10天后再次呈阳性，建议您立即联系当地卫生部门或医疗机构进行进一步检查和治疗。新冠病毒是一种高度传染性的病毒，可能在人体中持续存在几个月甚至更长时间。
问: 那么如果复阳后没有及时进行治疗，会有什么后果吗？
答: 如果没有及时进行治疗，复阳意味着新冠病毒仍然存在，并且可能具有传染性。这可能导致病毒传播给他人，增加疫情的传播风险。同时，您的身体可能出现持续的病毒感染并引发症状加重的风险。因此，为了您自身的健康和他人的安全，我们强烈建议您立即联系相关部门进行进一步检查和治疗。
问: 听说新冠病毒还可能在身体中潜伏一段时间，再次复阳的原因是什么？
答: 是的，新冠病毒可能会在感染后在人体内长时间潜伏。再次复阳的原因主要是病毒在人体中持续存在，可能由于免疫功能尚未完全恢复、治疗不彻底或再次接触到病毒污染物等因素引起。因此，复阳并不意味着病毒重新感染，而是原有的病毒进一步激活。
问: 那除了联系卫生部门和医疗机构，还有其他防控措施吗？
答: 除了联系相关部门进行进一步检查和治疗外，您还可以采取以下防控措施：首先，保持良好的个人卫生习惯，勤洗手，不触摸口鼻眼；其次，保持社交距离，避免人群聚集；另外，注意通风，保持室内空气流通；还要避免接触可能的病毒污染物，如密切接触新冠患者、避免到人员密集场所等。这些措施可以有效地帮助预防新冠病毒的传播。
|
不客气，希望我的回答对您有所帮助。如果您还有其他疑问，随时可以向我提问。祝您早日康复！
|
cmtmedqa/train.jsonl
|
chinese_medical_qa_内科
|
[
"病毒",
"新冠病毒",
"感染"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Which among the following is a subcutaneous fungal agent?
|
A. Cryptococcus neoformans
B. Histoplasma capsulatum
C. Sporothrix schenckii
D. Talaromyces marneffei
|
正确答案: B. Histoplasma capsulatum
解释: Ans. (c) Sporothrix schenckiiRef: Ananthanarayan and Paniker 's Textbook of Microbiology - 10th ed - Page 593Classification of fungi based on pathogenesisSuperficial mycosesDermatophytosis, Candidiasis, Tinea, Piedra, Pityriasis versicolorCutaneous mycosesCandidiasisSubcutaneous mycosesMycotic mycetomaChromoblastomycosisRhinosporidiosisSporotrichosisDeep or systemic or visceral mycosesBlastomycosisCryptococcosisParacoccidioidomycosisCoccidioidomycosisHistoplasmosisCandidiasisOpportunistic mycosesMucor, Aspergillus, Candida, PenicilliumMycotoxicosesAspergillus, Claviceps purpura
|
medmcqa/train.jsonl
|
med_exam_qa
|
[
"fungi",
"mucor",
"aspergillus"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
A 2-year-old boy presents with pain in his groin that has been increasing in nature over the past few weeks. He is found to have a degenerative malformation of the transversalis fascia during development. Which of the following structures on the anterior abdominal wall is likely defective
|
A. Superficial inguinal ring
B. Deep inguinal ring
C. Inguinal ligament
D. Sac of a direct inguinal hernia
|
正确答案: A. Superficial inguinal ring
解释: Deep inguinal ring lies in the transversalis fascia, just lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels. Superficial inguinal ring is in the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle. Inguinal ligament and the anterior wall of the inguinal canal are formed by the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle. The sac of a direct inguinal hernia is formed by the peritoneum.
|
medmcqa/train.jsonl
|
med_exam_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Are suicide deaths under-reported?
|
Valid mortality statistics are important for healthcare planning and research. Suicides and accidents often present a challenge in the classification of the manner of death. The aim of this study was to analyse the reliability of the national suicide statistics by comparing the classification of suicide in the Scandinavian cause of death registers with a reclassification by 8 persons with different medical expertise (psychiatry, forensic pathology and public health) from each of the 3 Scandinavi...
|
A high percentage of reported suicides were confirmed as being suicides. Few accidents and natural deaths were reclassified as suicides. Hence, reclassification did not increase the overall official suicide statistics of the 3 Scandinavian countries.
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_unlabeled.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does provider-initiated HIV testing and counselling lead to higher HIV testing rate and HIV case finding in Rwandan clinics?
|
Provider-initiated HIV testing and counselling (PITC) is promoted as a means to increase HIV case finding. We assessed the effectiveness of PITC to increase HIV testing rate and HIV case finding among outpatients in Rwandan health facilities (HF). PITC was introduced in six HFs in 2009-2010. HIV testing rate and case finding were compared between phase 1 (pre-PITC) and phase 3 (PITC period) for outpatient-department (OPD) attendees only, and for OPD and voluntary counseling&testing (VCT) departm...
|
PITC led to a shift of HIV testing from VCT department to the OPD, a higher testing rate, but no additional HIV case finding.
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_unlabeled.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"HIV",
"cre",
"hiv"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does pre transplant serum magnesium level predict outcome after pediatric living donor liver transplantation?
|
Hypomagnesaemia is a frequent complication after liver transplantation (LTx) however; magnesium is not routinely replaced in the perioperative period. The incidence of hypomagnesaemia before and after pediatric LTx was studied in 673 pediatric patients who underwent living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT). The mean serum Mg levels before LTx was normal, 2.03 ± 0.28 mg/dl, exhibited marked decrease on 5th postoperative (PO) day, 1.79 ± 0.45, p<0.001, comparing with the pre-transplant value. It ...
|
hypomagnesaemia is common before and after pediatric LDLT. Pre transplant hypomagnesaemia and high BUN are independent risk factors for graft loss or patient death. Pre transplant hypomagnesaemia patients exhibited decreased survival of their graft. Post transplant hypomagnesaemia was a potentially risk factor for graft loss.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre",
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does [ Methylglyoxal inhibit human umbilical vein cell migration in vitro by down-regulating integrinβ3 ]?
|
To explore the effects of methylglyoxal on endothelia cell migration. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were stimulated by serial concentrations of methylglyoxal (MGO, 0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 µmol/L) for 24 h, and the cell migration was assessed by scratch wound and Transwell assay. The expression of integrin β3 in the treated cells was examined by immunoblotting, and the effect of an anti-β3 antibody, LM609, on cell migration was investigated. Methylglyoxal significantly inhibited ...
|
Methylglyoxal inhibits HUVEC migration in vitro by down-regulating integrin β3 expression.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
DRESS综合征的全称、主要临床特征及与发热皮疹的关系是什么？
|
DRESS综合征全称为药物反应伴嗜酸性粒细胞增多和系统性症状（Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms），又称药物诱导的超敏反应综合征。其典型表现为用药后2～6周出现发热、广泛斑丘疹、淋巴结肿大、内脏受累（如肝炎、肾炎）以及血液学异常（嗜酸性粒细胞增多和非典型淋巴细胞增多）。常见致病药物包括抗癫痫药（如苯妥英、卡马西平）、别嘌醇和磺胺类药物。该病属于严重的药物不良反应，需立即停用可疑药物，并给予糖皮质激素等免疫调节治疗。因其常以发热和皮疹为首发表现，临床上需与感染性出疹相鉴别，避免误诊。
|
medllm-dataset-md-ocr/哈里森感染病学/哈里森感染病学.md
|
诊断治疗
| null |
llm_textbook
| null | null | null | null | null |
|
从菌群多样性指标来看，该样本有何特征？是否出现菌群失调现象？
|
样本ID: 4171
|
菌群多样性分析：
**多样性指标解读：**
- Shannon指数：4.216
多样性非常高，菌群结构均匀
- Simpson指数：0.966
均匀度高，物种分布较为均衡
- 物种丰富度：400种
**菌群平衡状态评估：**
菌群平衡状态良好，微生态环境健康。
**可能原因分析：**
- 当前无明显异常因素
| null | null | null |
csv_analysis
|
4171
|
interpretation
|
intermediate
|
[] |
该样本的菌群多样性指标表明什么？是否存在菌群失调？
|
Eustachian tube opens in?
|
A. Inner ear
B. Middle ear
C. Outer ear
D. Larynx
|
正确答案: A. Inner ear
解释: Ans. is 'b' i.e., Middle ear * Eustachian tube (pharyngotympanic tube) is a channel connecting the tympanic cavity (middle ear cavity) with nasopharynx. Therefore, ear infection can travel to throat through eustachian tube and vice-versa.* Eustachion tube opens into anterior wall (carotid wall) of medial ear.
|
medmcqa/train.jsonl
|
med_exam_qa
|
[
"infection"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does survey found improvement in cognitive biases that drive overtreatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria after a successful antimicrobial stewardship intervention?
|
Lack of guideline knowledge and cognitive biases are barriers that drive overtreatment of catheter-associated asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB). We explored whether providers' knowledge and attitudes toward management of ASB differed before and after a multifaceted guidelines implementation intervention, reported elsewhere. We surveyed providers' knowledge of guidelines, cognitive-behavioral constructs, and self-reported familiarity with the relevant Infectious Diseases Society of America guideline...
|
We identified and targeted specific barriers that drive overtreatment of ASB. Guideline implementation interventions targeting cognitive biases are essential for encouraging the application of ASB guidelines into practice.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre",
"antimicrobial",
"Infectious Diseases"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Do myocardial injury and bacterial pneumonia contribute to the pathogenesis of fatal influenza B virus infection?
|
Influenza B virus infection causes rates of hospitalization and influenza-associated pneumonia similar to seasonal influenza A virus infection and accounts for a substantial percentage of all influenza-related hospitalizations and deaths among those aged <18 years; however, the pathogenesis of fatal influenza B virus infection is poorly described. Tissue samples obtained at autopsy from 45 case patients with fatal influenza B virus infection were evaluated by light microscopy and immunohistochem...
|
Our findings suggest that bacterial pneumonia and cardiac injury contribute to fatal outcomes after infection with influenza B virus and that the frequency of these manifestations may be age related.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"influenza",
"bacteria",
"infection"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Is the diversity profile of TP53 influenced by positive selection on the immediately upstream locus WDR79?
|
TP53 is an efficient central node in a signal transduction network that responds to minimize cancer. However, over 50% of tumors show some mutation in TP53. Thus, one might argue that this single central node network lacks robustness. Therefore, we wanted to investigate if natural selection has played a role in shaping the genomic region containing TP53. We have analyzed the HapMap data for evidence of selection using F(ST) pairwise comparisons and the extended haplotype homozygosity test on a 2...
|
Despite the important role of TP53, a complex interplay with other evolutionary forces, which are extrinsic to TP53 function, may have driven the genetic diversity pattern of this locus, and, as a consequence, its structure and function.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre",
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Is intestinal alkaline phosphatase administration in newborns protective of gut barrier function in a neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis rat model?
|
Previously, we have shown that supplementation of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) decreased severity of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)-associated intestinal injury. We hypothesized that IAP administration is protective of intestinal epithelial barrier function in a dose-dependent manner. Control rat pups were vaginally delivered and breast-fed. Premature rats were divided into 4 groups: formula fed with lipopolysaccharide and hypoxia (NEC) or additional daily bovine IAP 40, 4, or 0.4 U/kg...
|
Early enteral supplemental IAP may reduce NEC-related injury and may be useful for preserving the intestinal epithelial barrier function.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Do ocular motor score a novel clinical approach to evaluating ocular motor function in children?
|
Ocular motility disturbances are common in a number of neuropaediatric and neurometabolic disorders. Assessment of ocular motor function can be a source of information for diagnosis and follow-up of these patients. To evaluate a new clinical ocular motor function test: ocular motor score (OMS) and provide reference values in children and young adults without known ocular or neurological disorders. A total of 233 children and young adults, 103 males and 130 females between the ages of 6 months an...
|
This study provides reference values for the OMS test in a population aged 0.5-19 years. The test may be valuable as a screening tool for identification and follow-up of ocular motor dysfunction in children and young adults.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Is a frameshift mutation in GON4L associated with proportionate dwarfism in Fleckvieh cattle?
|
Low birth weight and postnatal growth restriction are the most evident symptoms of dwarfism. Accompanying skeletal aberrations may compromise the general condition and locomotion of affected individuals. Several paternal half-sibs with a low birth weight and a small size were born in 2013 in the Fleckvieh cattle population. Affected calves were strikingly underweight at birth in spite of a normal gestation length and had craniofacial abnormalities such as elongated narrow heads and brachygnathia...
|
A frameshift mutation in GON4L is associated with autosomal recessive proportionate dwarfism in Fleckvieh cattle. The mutation has segregated in the population for more than 50 years without being recognized as a genetic disorder. However, the widespread use of an undetected carrier bull for artificial insemination caused a sudden accumulation of homozygous calves with dwarfism. Our findings provide the basis for genome-based mating strategies to avoid the inadvertent mating of carrier animals and thereby prevent the birth of homozygous calves with impaired growth.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre",
"sequencing"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
The splenic aery usually follows a touous course along which of the following structure?
|
A. Left kidney
B. Greater curvature of the stomach
C. Pancreas
D. Transverse colon
|
正确答案: B. Greater curvature of the stomach
解释: The splenic aery, the largest branch of the celiac trunk, follows a touous course posterior to the omental bursa, anterior to the left kidney, and along the superior border of the pancreas.
|
medmcqa/train.jsonl
|
med_exam_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Do multipurpose solutions damage porcine corneal epithelial cells?
|
To determine and compare the cytotoxic effects on porcine corneal epithelial cells of commercially available multipurpose solutions (MPS) using fluorescein staining and flow cytometry (FCM). Effects of exposure time of 10 s to 10 min of MPS containing polyquaternium-1 (MPS-A), polyaminopropyl biguanide (MPS-B), and polyhexanide (MPS-C), on porcine corneal epithelial cells were determined. Cell viability and membrane integrity were assessed by Annexin V-FITC/7-AAD staining and FCM. In further tri...
|
MPS exposure, especially MPS-A, affected the viability and integrity of porcine corneal epithelial cells. Furthermore, our results confirmed that fluorescein staining correlates poorly with cytotoxicity. As fluorescein staining lacks sensitivity to determine cytotoxic effects of ophthalmic solutions, more objective and sensitive assessment methods such as differential staining and FCM should be developed.
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_unlabeled.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre",
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
检测到 Fusobacterium nucleatum，丰度为 1.47%，请评估其临床意义。
|
样本ID: JXEY01D019
|
Fusobacterium nucleatum（具核梭杆菌）检测分析：
**1. 病原体特征**
- 检出丰度：1.47%
- 读数：982,917
- 致病类别：oral
- 临床风险等级：medium
**2. 临床意义评估**
该菌丰度中等（1.5%），可能为致病原因或定植状态。需结合临床症状判断是否为病因。
**3. 建议措施**
1. 结合临床症状评估
2. 必要时进行药敏试验
3. 动态监测菌量变化
| null | null | null |
csv_analysis
|
JXEY01D019
|
pathogen
|
intermediate
|
[
"Fusobacterium nucleatum"
] | null |
Do lXR-activating oxysterols induce the expression of inflammatory markers in endothelial cells through LXR-independent mechanisms?
|
Liver X receptors alpha and beta (LXRalpha, LXRbeta) are key regulators of cholesterol homeostasis. The effects of LXR ligands on endothelial cells are largely unknown. While oxysterol LXR agonists can increase the endothelial-leukocyte interaction, synthetic LXR agonists are anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory. Mechanistic differences may underlie such findings. LXRalpha and LXRbeta were found to be expressed in human endothelial cells. While synthetic LXR agonists could blunt the LPS-induce...
|
LXR-activating oxysterols comprehensively activate the expression of endothelial inflammation markers independently from LXRs. At proper dosage, synthetic LXR agonists are safe on endothelial cells and may even transrepress inflammatory reactions.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Do cultured human glomerular mesangial cells express the C5a receptor?
|
While the association of complement activation and glomerulonephritis has been recognized for decades, the pathogenic mechanisms of complement-mediated glomerular damage are incompletely understood. Expression of the C5a receptor in the kidney suggests that C5a could play a direct role in initiating or promoting glomerulonephritis. Expression of the C5a receptor by cultured human glomerular mesangial cells (HGMC) was examined by immunofluorescence, by FACS analysis and by reverse transcriptase-p...
|
These data indicate that the C5a receptor is expressed on HGMC in vitro, and may play a role in mediating glomerular injury by promoting cellular proliferation and the production of cytokines and growth factors.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"ELISA",
"PCR",
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Is influence of Helicobacter pylori status and eradication on the serum levels of trefoil factors and pepsinogen test : serum trefoil factor 3 a stable biomarker?
|
Emerging data indicate that serum trefoil factors (TFFs), especially TFF3, could be potential biomarkers for gastric cancer risk. We aimed to evaluate the influence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) status and eradication on serum TFFs and the pepsinogen test. Healthy individuals who underwent a thorough medical checkup were enrolled in study 1, and gastric ulcer patients who undertook H. pylori eradication therapy were enrolled in studies 2 and 3. Serum levels of the TFFs (TFF1, TFF2 and TFF3)...
|
In serum TFFs and pepsinogen tests, only serum TFF3s were not significantly affected by H. pylori eradication, suggesting that serum TFF3 could be a stable biomarker of gastric cancer risk even after H.pylori eradication in contrast with the pepsinogen test.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre",
"helicobacter pylori"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does transcranial magnetic stimulation with a half-sine wave pulse elicit direction-specific effects in human motor cortex?
|
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) commonly uses so-called monophasic pulses where the initial rapidly changing current flow is followed by a critically dampened return current. It has been shown that a monophasic TMS pulse preferentially excites different cortical circuits in the human motor hand area (M1-HAND), if the induced tissue current has a posterior-to-anterior (PA) or anterior-to-posterior (AP) direction. Here we tested whether similar direction-specific effects could be elicited ...
|
Using half-sine pulse configuration, single-pulse TMS elicits consistent direction-specific effects in M1-HAND that are similar to TMS with monophasic pulses. The longer MEP latency for AP half-sine stimulation suggests that PA and AP half-sine stimulation preferentially activates different sets of cortical neurons that are involved in the generation of different corticospinal descending volleys.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
The fold of Treves is
|
A. The fold of mucous membrane projecting into the lumen of the rectum
B. The ilio-appendicular fold of peritoneum
C. The fold of mucous membrane around the papilla of Vater
D. The fold of peritoneum over the inferior mesenteric vein
|
正确答案: A. The fold of mucous membrane projecting into the lumen of the rectum
解释: .peritoneum is a serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity. It is composed of outer fibrous tissue layer (which gives strength) and inner mesothelial cell layer (secretes fluid giving lubricating function to the peritoneum). Pas of Peritoneum includes Parietal peritoneum: It lines the inner surface of the abdominal wall, under surface of diaphragm and pelvic wall. It is loosely attached to the overlying walls and can be easily stripped off. It is innervated by the somatic nerves, so pain sensitive. Anterior peritoneum is most sensitive when compared to pelvic peritoneum. 2. Visceral peritoneum: It lines the outer surface of the abdominal viscera, firmly adherent, cannot be stripped off. It is innervated by autonomic nervous system; hence not pain sensitive. Surface area of peritoneum is 2 m2 - equal to surface area of skin. It has propey of bidirectional transfer of substances. It can absorb from or transfer to peritoneal cavity, fluid and electrolytes. ref:SRB&;s manual of surgery,ed 3,pg no 498
|
medmcqa/train.jsonl
|
med_exam_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Are dCDC2 , KIAA0319 and CMIP associated with reading-related traits?
|
Several susceptibility genes have been proposed for dyslexia (reading disability; RD) and specific language impairment (SLI). RD and SLI show comorbidity, but it is unclear whether a common genetic component is shared. We have investigated whether candidate genes for RD and SLI affect specific cognitive traits or have broad effect on cognition. We have analyzed common risk variants within RD (MRPL19/C2ORF3, KIAA0319, and DCDC2) and language impairment (CMIP and ATP2C2) candidate loci in the Avon...
|
We provide further support for the role of KIAA0319 and DCDC2 in contributing to reading abilities and novel evidence that the language-disorder candidate gene CMIP is also implicated in reading processes. Additionally, we present novel data to evaluate the prevalence and comorbidity of RD and SLI, and we recommend not excluding individuals with comorbid RD and SLI when designing genetic association studies for RD.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"susceptibility",
"candida",
"uti"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
A 43-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 2-week history of malaise, nausea, and a 3-kg (6.6-lb) weight loss. She has been drinking 8–9 alcoholic beverages daily for the past 20 years. Her temperature is 37.8°C (100°F) and pulse is 105/min. Examination shows jaundice and hepatosplenomegaly. A photomicrograph of a section of a biopsy specimen of the liver is shown. Which of the following mechanisms best explains the findings shown?
|
A. Excessive interstitial TGF-β activity
B. Decreased clearance of N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine
C. Intracellular accumulation of lactate
D. Increased glycerol 3-phosphate formation
|
正确答案: D. Increased glycerol 3-phosphate formation
|
medqa/train.jsonl
|
med_exam_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
该样本的菌群多样性结果意味着什么？能否判断存在菌群紊乱？
|
样本ID: 509
|
菌群多样性分析：
**多样性指标解读：**
- Shannon指数：4.728
多样性非常高，菌群结构均匀
- Simpson指数：0.976
均匀度高，物种分布较为均衡
- 物种丰富度：733种
**菌群平衡状态评估：**
菌群平衡状态良好，微生态环境健康。
**可能原因分析：**
- 当前无明显异常因素
| null | null | null |
csv_analysis
|
509
|
interpretation
|
intermediate
|
[] |
该样本的菌群多样性指标表明什么？是否存在菌群失调？
|
Does airway Hyperreactivity be Delayed after Mild Neonatal Hyperoxic Exposure?
|
Wheezing disorders are prominent in former preterm infants beyond the neonatal period. We used a neonatal mouse model to investigate the time course of airway hyperreactivity in response to mild (40% oxygen) or severe (70% oxygen) neonatal hyperoxia. After hyperoxic exposure during the first week of postnatal life, we measured changes in airway reactivity using the in vitro living lung slice preparation at the end of exposure [postnatal day 8 (P8)] and 2 weeks later (P21). This was accompanied b...
|
These data demonstrate that early mild hyperoxia exposure causes a delayed augmentation of airway reactivity, suggesting a long-term alteration in the trajectory of airway smooth muscle development and consistent with resultant symptomatology.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
A neonate born to infected hepatitis- B mother, should be treated with -
|
A. Isolation
B. Immunoglobulins
C. Hepatitis-B-Vaccine
D. Immunoglobulins & hepatitis-B-vaccine
|
正确答案: C. Hepatitis-B-Vaccine
解释: Ans. is 'd' i.e., Immunoglobulins & Hepatitis B Vaccine "Infants born to Hbs Ag positive mothers should receive both HBIG and HB vaccine intramuscularly at seperate sites within 12 hours of bih, followed by 2nd and 3rd dose of vaccine at 1 and 6 months respectively."
|
medmcqa/train.jsonl
|
med_exam_qa
|
[
"hepatitis b"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does weekly doxorubicin increase coronary arteriolar wall and adventitial thickness?
|
Doxorubicin (DOX) is associated with premature cardiovascular events including myocardial infarction. This study was performed to determine if the weekly administration of DOX influenced coronary arteriolar medial and/or adventitial wall thickening. Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 25.1± 2.4 weeks were randomly divided into three groups and received weekly intraperitoneal injections of normal saline (saline, n = 7), or low (1.5 mg/kg to 1.75 mg/kg, n = 14) or high (2.5 mg/kg, n = 11) dos...
|
In conclusion, these data demonstrate that weekly treatment of rats with higher doses of DOX increases coronary arteriolar medial, adventitial, and total wall thickness. Future studies are warranted to determine if DOX related coronary arteriolar effects are reversible or preventable, exacerbate the known cardiomyopathic effects of DOX, influence altered resting or stress-induced myocardial perfusion, or contribute to the occurrence of myocardial infarction.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Most common CNS neoplasma in HIV patient 2
|
A. Medulloblastoma
B. Ependymoma
C. Astrocytoma
D. Primary CNS lymphoma
|
正确答案: C. Astrocytoma
解释: Primary CNS lymphoma occurs very frequently in patients suffering AIDS and others immuno deficiency states.
|
medmcqa/train.jsonl
|
med_exam_qa
|
[
"HIV",
"hiv"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Which of the following is secondary lesion?
|
A. Papule
B. Bulla
C. Scale
D. Macule
|
正确答案: B. Bulla
解释: Skin Lesion Primary Special Depending on size <0.5cm >0.5cm Comedones-Acne <1cm >1cm Wheals- Uicaria(are transient hives). Flat Macule Patch Burrows-scabies Solid raised Papule Plaque - if horizontal diameter more Nodule - if veical diameter more Fluid filled Vesicle Bullae Pus filled Pustule Abscess D/t extravasation of blood Petechiae Purpura Ecchymosis i.e. >1cm Secondary lesions are lesions which develop over primary lesions. Eg. Scales. A flat plate or flake of stratum corneum. Types collarette - fine, peripherally attached and centrally detached scale at the edge of an inflammatory lesion Furfuraceous or pityriasiform - fine and loose. Ichthyotic - large and polygonal.
|
medmcqa/train.jsonl
|
med_exam_qa
|
[
"abscess",
"hiv"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Is the G-308A variant of the Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ( TNF-alpha ) gene associated with obesity , insulin resistance and body fat distribution?
|
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and obesity. The increased expression of TNF-alpha in adipose tissue has been shown to induce insulin resistance, and a polymorphism at position -308 in the promoter region ofTNF-alpha has been shown to increase transcription of the gene in adipocytes. Aim of this study is to investigate the role of the G-308A TNFalpha variant in obesity and to study the possible influence of this mutation on bo...
|
Our study did not detect any significant association of the G-308A TNFalpha polymorphism with obesity or with its clinical and metabolic abnormalities in this population. Our data suggests that, in our population, the G-308A TNFalpha polymorphism is unlikely to play a major role in the pathogenesis of these conditions.
结论: no
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"PCR",
"cre",
"resistance"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does nupr1 deletion protect against glucose intolerance by increasing beta cell mass?
|
The stress-activated nuclear protein transcription regulator 1 (NUPR1) is induced in response to glucose and TNF-α, both of which are elevated in type 2 diabetes, and Nupr1 has been implicated in cell proliferation and apoptosis cascades. We used Nupr1(-/-) mice to study the role of Nupr1 in glucose homeostasis under normal conditions and following maintenance on a high-fat diet (HFD). Glucose homeostasis in vivo was determined by measuring glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and insulin secr...
|
Inhibition of NUPR1 expression or activity has the potential to protect against the metabolic defects associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"PCR",
"cre",
"resistance"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Lymphangitis is caused by
|
A. Staphylococcus
B. Streptococcus
C. Pneumococcus
D. Neisseria
|
正确答案: A. Staphylococcus
解释: S. pyogenes causes a variety of suppurative infections of the skin, including infections of wounds and burns, with a predilection to produce lymphangitis and cellulitis. Ref: Textbook of microbiology; Ananthanarayan and paniker's; 10th Edition; Pg:215
|
medmcqa/train.jsonl
|
med_exam_qa
|
[
"infection",
"cellulitis"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Are viral blips during suppressive antiretroviral treatment associated with high baseline HIV-1 RNA levels?
|
Many HIV-1-infected patients on suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) have transiently elevated HIV RNA levels. The clinical significance of these viral blips is uncertain. We have determined the incidence of blips and investigated important associations in the Swedish HIV-cohort. HIV-1-infected ART naïve adults who commenced ART 2007-2013 were retrospectively included. Viral blips were defined as a transient viral load between 50 and 500 copies/mL Subjects not suppressed after six months on ...
|
The Swedish national HIV-cohort has a low incidence of viral blips (10 %). Blips were associated with high baseline viral load and an increased risk of subsequent virological failure.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"HIV",
"cre",
"hiv"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Does plasma Norepinephrine in Hypertensive Rats reflect α ( 2 ) -Adrenoceptor Release Control Only When Re-Uptake is Inhibited?
|
α(2)-adrenoceptors (AR) lower central sympathetic output and peripheral catecholamine release, thereby protecting against sympathetic hyperactivity and hypertension. Norepinephrine re-uptake-transporter effectively (NET) removes norepinephrine from the synapse. Overflow to plasma will therefore not reflect release. Here we tested if inhibition of re-uptake allowed presynaptic α(2)AR release control to be reflected as differences in norepinephrine overflow in anesthetized hypertensive spontaneous...
|
α(2A)AR inhibition increased norepinephrine overflow only when re-uptake was blocked, and then with particular efficacy in SHR, possibly due to their high sympathetic tone. α(2A)AR inhibited epinephrine secretion, particularly in SHR. α(2A)AR supported α(1)AR-induced vasoconstriction equally in the two strains. α(2)AR malfunctions were therefore not detected in SHR under this basal condition.
结论: yes
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"cre"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
非常感谢医生的解答，我会按照您的建议进行预防的。
|
对话历史:
问: 你好，我担心我可能得了鼻炎，想知道如何预防，听说用盐水清洁鼻子可以预防鼻炎，这是真的吗？
答: 你好，了解你的担忧。鼻炎是一种鼻腔的炎症疾病，常见症状包括鼻塞、流涕和打喷嚏等。使用盐水清洁鼻子确实有一定的预防作用。盐水可以帮助清洁鼻腔内的污垢和过敏原，减少炎症的发作和症状的加重。
问: 那我应该如何使用盐水清洁鼻子呢？
答: 使用盐水清洁鼻子的方法很简单。你可以购买市售的生理盐水喷雾或自制盐水溶液。每天用温水稀释盐水，然后使用鼻腔喷雾器或滴管进行清洁。首先，你需要俯身或仰卧在床上，将头偏向一侧，然后将喷雾器或滴管放入鼻孔，轻轻喷洒或滴入盐水。然后，你可以轻轻按摩鼻翼的两侧，帮助盐水进入鼻腔内。接着，将头偏向另一侧，同样进行清洁。每侧鼻孔各清洁2-3次，每次15-20滴，能更好地清洁鼻腔内的污垢和过敏原。
问: 我了解了，谢谢医生。除了用盐水清洁鼻子，还有其他预防鼻炎的方法吗？
答: 当然，除了盐水清洁鼻子，还有其他预防鼻炎的方法。首先，保持鼻腔的湿润是很重要的，可以通过用清水洗脸和多喝水来增加身体的水分。其次，避免接触过敏原，如花粉、灰尘、宠物毛发等。在花粉季节，可以适当关窗，尽量不让过敏原进入室内。此外，戒烟也是预防鼻炎的重要措施，烟草烟雾会刺激鼻腔黏膜，容易导致炎症的发生。最后，保持良好的个人卫生习惯，勤洗手、勤换洗枕巾等，可以减少细菌和病毒感染的机会。
|
不客气，预防鼻炎是非常重要的，希望我所提供的信息能帮到你。如果你有任何其他问题，都可以随时向我咨询。祝你身体健康！
|
cmtmedqa/train.jsonl
|
chinese_medical_qa_五官科
|
[
"病毒",
"感染",
"细菌"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Do beninese children with cerebral malaria develop humoral immunity against the IT4-VAR19-DC8 PfEMP1 variant linked to EPCR and brain endothelial binding?
|
Malaria is still one of the most prevalent infectious diseases in the world. Sequestration of infected erythrocytes (IEs) is the prime mediator of disease. Cytoadhesion of IEs is mediated by members of the highly diverse Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1). A restricted sub-set of var genes encoding for PfEMP1s possessing the domain cassettes DC8 and DC13 were found to bind to the endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR). These var genes were shown to be highly expressed b...
|
These data indicate that even being the preferentially selected IT4-EPCR-binding variant, the IT4-VAR19-DC8 region does not appear to be associated with the acquisition of antibodies during a single severe paediatric malaria episode in Benin.
结论: no
|
pubmedqa/train_pqa_artificial.jsonl
|
pubmed_qa
|
[
"PCR",
"parasite",
"pcr"
] |
opensource
| null | null | null | null | null |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.